</ref> He was promoted into","title":"Víctor Salazar (footballer, born 1993)"},{"docid":"654287","text":"Triceratops Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America. It is one of the last known non-avian dinosaur genera, and became extinct in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. The name \"Triceratops\", which literally means \"three-horned face\", is derived from the Ancient Greek words τρί- (\"tri-\") meaning \"three\", κέρας (\"kéras\") meaning \"horn\", and ὤψ (\"ōps\") meaning \"face\". It has been documented by numerous remains collected since the genus was first described in 1889,","title":"Triceratops"},{"docid":"14318269","text":"state control, but granted a legitimacy that they had never before enjoyed and were made beneficiaries of a variety of new social programs. Nevertheless, it is important to note that even in the enthusiastic early years, corporatist agencies were not at the centre of power and therefore corporatism was not the true base of the whole system. In 1934, Salazar exiled Francisco Rolão Preto as a part of a purge of the leadership of the Portuguese National Syndicalists, also known as the \"camisas azuis\" (\"Blue Shirts\"). Salazar denounced the National Syndicalists as \"inspired by certain foreign models\" (meaning German Nazism)","title":"António de Oliveira Salazar"},{"docid":"16998100","text":"one of \"imaginaries\", which he describes as \"culturally shared and socially transmitted representational assemblages that are used as meaning-making devices (mediating how people act, cognize, and value the world)\". He is currently using this concept to research the role of dominant discourses and images of (im)mobility in cultures across the globe. Salazar conceives mobility as a locally circulating socio-cultural construct that positively values the ability to move, the freedom of movement, and the tendency to change easily or quickly. Salazar tries to bridge the academic gap between tourism and migration studies by studying the analytical purchase of (im)mobility as an","title":"Noel B. Salazar"},{"docid":"9489721","text":"Abraham Mauricio Salazar Abraham Mauricio Salazar (born 1957) is a Nahuatl Indian artist, living in Oaxaca, Mexico. For most of his life, Salazar has been working as a farmer, painter, and teacher. His primary medium is papel amate, a folk craft tradition that the Nahuatls have used for over two millennia. The painting style takes its name from the medium that is used – “papel amate”, paper that is made from the bark of the ficus tree. Salazar is one of the most highly respected traditional bark painters in the State of Oaxaca. In a highly distinctive style, he depicts","title":"Abraham Mauricio Salazar"},{"docid":"19306296","text":"Halim may also be a last name: Halim (name) Halim or Haleem () is an Arabic masculine given name which means gentle, forbearing, mild, patient, understanding, indulgent, slow to anger, \"what we call a civilized man\". In Islam, \"Al-Halīm\" is one of the 99 names of God, with that meaning. Halim is also a Chinese Indonesian surname based on Lim (林). Abdul Halim or Abdel Halim means servant of God, as thus described, and bearers of that name are listed on that page. \"Halim\" is also used as an abbreviated version of Abdul Halim, or independently, as a name given","title":"Halim (name)"},{"docid":"9489723","text":"subject of a seminal (now out-of-print) book on the high-quality papel amate paintings of the Nahuatl. Abraham Mauricio Salazar Abraham Mauricio Salazar (born 1957) is a Nahuatl Indian artist, living in Oaxaca, Mexico. For most of his life, Salazar has been working as a farmer, painter, and teacher. His primary medium is papel amate, a folk craft tradition that the Nahuatls have used for over two millennia. The painting style takes its name from the medium that is used – “papel amate”, paper that is made from the bark of the ficus tree. Salazar is one of the most highly","title":"Abraham Mauricio Salazar"},{"docid":"14318371","text":"name given to a cake that Salazar used to eat sometimes. It is cheap and simple, perhaps with similarities to sponge cake. Kitchen cake spatulas are sometimes referred to as 'Salazar' in Portugal for their effectiveness in not leaving any residue behind. A wine brand called \"Terras de Salazar\" (\"Lands of Salazar\") was approved in 2011 by the national institute. It never reached the market due to the owner's economic troubles. In 2012, the City Council of Salazar's hometown Santa Comba Dão announced a brand called Memories of Salazar for a range of regional products, notably wine. It was rejected","title":"António de Oliveira Salazar"},{"docid":"2073677","text":"allocations could be reassigned at discretion and according to need. Judicious selection from the available allocation could result in clever meanings and result in an aptronym or backronym, although policy was to select words that had no obviously deducible connection with what they were supposed to be concealing. Those for the major conference meetings had a partial naming sequence referring to devices or instruments which had an ordinal number as part of their meaning, e.g., the third meeting was \"TRIDENT\". Joseph Stalin, whose last name means \"man of steel\", was given the name \"GLYPTIC\", meaning \"an image carved out of","title":"Code name"},{"docid":"4245007","text":"Salazar replaced Surer from Spain onwards. Salazar finished sixth in the Netherlands. In 1982 Roberto Guerrero raced for Ensign. He only finished in two races. Meanwhile, the team was also involved in the last year of British F1 Championship, winning the championship with the old MN180B Cars and Jim Crawford as driver. After the season, Ensign was merged into the Theodore team, which it had previous ties to via financier Teddy Yip and took that team's name. During many seasons, the connection between Ensign and Theodore was so great that in some years they used almost the same car, much","title":"Ensign Racing"},{"docid":"19793173","text":"solving a series of murders, and personal, which in this case becomes as important and surprising as the outcome of the investigation. Although the first volume completed the plot of the investigation, the second installment begins with the trial against the stepfather of a young woman, Johana Márquez. Amaia Salazar is called on by the police just after the accused has committed suicide in the bathroom of the courthouse and left a note with a single message: \"Tarttalo\". Amaia must discover its meaning and at the same time uncover disturbing details of her past. The last entry in the trilogy","title":"Dolores Redondo"},{"docid":"20710838","text":"Víctor Salazar (footballer, born 1993) Víctor Ezequiel Salazar (born 26 May 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Argentine Primera División side San Lorenzo. Salazar joined Rosario Central in 2007.<ref name=\"Youth/Family\"></ref> He was promoted into their senior team by manager Miguel Ángel Russo in November 2011, Salazar featured for ninety minutes in a draw with Olimpo which turned out to be Russo's final game in charge. In his opening four campaigns with the club, he featured seventy times in all competitions between 2014 and 2017. On 29 June 2017, Salazar left Rosario Central to play","title":"Víctor Salazar (footballer, born 1993)"},{"docid":"14289248","text":"Tony Salazar Antonio Salazar Gómez, (born January 15, 1949) is a retired Mexican \"Luchador\", or professional wrestler who currently works as the ring announcer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Sunday shows in \"Arena Coliseo\". He is best known under the ring name Tony Salazar, although he has also competed as Señor Tormenta, El Nene and the masked Ulises during his wrestling career. In his career, he has held the NWA World Middleweight Championship twice, and the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship once. Tony Salazar made his professional wrestling debut in 1965 and soon after began working regularly for","title":"Tony Salazar"},{"docid":"15139985","text":"simply \"Belhaven\". Over the years the name has extended to include what became known as Belhaven Heights. Today, the use of the name \"Belhaven\" can refer to \"The Greater Belhaven Area\" (meaning both \"Belhaven\" and \"Belhaven Heights\", Belhaven University, or both. Fortification Street, which runs East and West through Belhaven, is paved over what was once one of the last Confederate battle lines during the Siege of Jackson. Although most structures in Jackson were burned by Union soldiers employing a Scorched Earth Policy during and after the siege (under the direction of General Ulysses S. Grant), many of Belhaven's older","title":"Belhaven Neighborhood"},{"docid":"18559458","text":"Diosdado's brother. After Salazar defected to the United States, he also said that the date that Hugo Chávez was to have allegedly died according to the Venezuelan government was wrong. With information from Salazar, ambassador to the Organization of American States, Guillermo Cochez, stated that Salazar said that Hugo Chávez died at 19:32 on 30 December 2012, contrasting the date Nicolás Maduro stated, which was 5 March 2013. This would be controversial since laws were passed in Chávez's name after the date Salazar stated he was to have died. Leamsy Salazar Leamsy Villafaña José Salazar was a lieutenant colonel in","title":"Leamsy Salazar"},{"docid":"19108105","text":"with politicians and use of public funds. He had been receiving threats since 2013 but had called the attorney general's office for assistance an hour before the attack. Federico Salazar was a reporter and radio journalist for the Guatemala City station \"Nuevo Mundo\" radio for the last 3 years. Both López and Salazar were leaders of the Suchitepequez Press Association in Guatemala. López was its vice-president. Salazar served as its secretary. Marvin Túnchez is a reporter for a local \"Canal 30\" cable TV station on channel 23 in Guatemala. He also reported for a newspaper called \"Publinews\". Shortly after the","title":"Murder of Danilo López and Federico Salazar"},{"docid":"18051967","text":"this last name. Some examples of known people with the last name: Gherardi Gherardi is a surname of Northern Italian origin. It is most common in the regions of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Tuscany. The name comes from the Germanic words gari > ger- (meaning 'spear') and -hard (meaning 'hard/strong/brave'). The first family recorded to have this name in 970 AD, were the Gherardinghi family who owned five castles in Tuscany. The name has since been shortened and many variations of the name can be found throughout Italy. According to Italy Gen, about 1800 people with the last name of Gherardi","title":"Gherardi"},{"docid":"13619455","text":"courses of this dialect in the valley have been addressed to the local population in order to maintain it to some extent. The traditional names of the towns are in brackets. Salazar Valley The Salazar Valley (, ) is a valley in the east of the Foral Community of Navarre in Spain. It lies within the Merindad of Zangoza-Sangüesa and within that, the Comarca of Roncal-Salazar. The Sierra de Abodi, part of the Western Pyrenees, forms the natural boundary in the north. There is a ski resort in Abodi. The first mention of the name was in documents of the","title":"Salazar Valley"},{"docid":"13619453","text":"Salazar Valley The Salazar Valley (, ) is a valley in the east of the Foral Community of Navarre in Spain. It lies within the Merindad of Zangoza-Sangüesa and within that, the Comarca of Roncal-Salazar. The Sierra de Abodi, part of the Western Pyrenees, forms the natural boundary in the north. There is a ski resort in Abodi. The first mention of the name was in documents of the Monastery of Leire, with the denomination of \"Sarasazo\" (924). Later \"Sarasazu\" (1055), \"Sarasaz\" (1111 and 1469), \"Sarasaitz\" (1205) especially in texts written in Latin. Zaraitzu seems to derivate from an older","title":"Salazar Valley"},{"docid":"6705017","text":"a large plantation of tlingera elatior forbs (porcelain roses) for local trade. N'dalatando N'dalatando (also spelt as Ndalatando; former official name: Vila Salazar) is a town and commune in the municipality of Cazengo, province of Cuanza Norte, Angola. It is also the seat of the Cazengo municipality and the provincial capital. N'dalatando was named Salazar by the Portuguese colonial authorities in 1936, honoring the Portuguese dictator Salazar. This was later modified to Vila Salazar. On 28 May 1956, the town was elevated to the status of city (\"cidade\" in Portuguese). After gaining independence on 11 November 1975, the Angolan government","title":"N'dalatando"},{"docid":"16998098","text":"geography, cultural studies, tourism studies, philosophy and psychology. Salazar has won numerous grants for his research projects (including from the National Science Foundation, the EU Seventh Framework Programme, and FWO). While at the University of Pennsylvania, Salazar experienced first-hand the benefits of transdisciplinary research. His involvement within the Department of Anthropology's Public Interest Anthropology project taught him the necessity of bridging the divide between academia and the wider public. Together with archaeologist Benjamin W. Porter, now professor at the Near Eastern Studies Department, UC Berkeley, he applied the public interest perspective to heritage tourism. Understanding the changing meaning and value","title":"Noel B. Salazar"},{"docid":"18256725","text":"Agureyev Agureyev (; masculine) or Agureyeva (; feminine) is a Russian last name. Variants of this last name include Agureykin/Agureykina (/), Ogureyev/Ogureyeva (/), Ogurenkov/Ogurenkova (/), Oguryayev/Oguryayeva (/), and possibly Ogurtsov/Ogurtsova (/). There are three theories as to the origins of these last names. According to the first one, they derive from the Russian dialectal verb \"\" (\"oguret\")—or \"\" (\"aguret\") in dialects with \"akanye\"—meaning \"to disobey\". This and related dialectal words \"\" (\"ogur\"), meaning \"stubbornness\", \"laziness\"; \"\" (\"ogurny\"), meaning \"a stubborn idler\", \"a slacker\"; and \"\" (\"oguryatsya\"), meaning \"to slack off\", gave birth to nicknames \"\" (\"Ogurey\") and \"\" (\"Oguryay\"), as","title":"Agureyev"},{"docid":"18503462","text":"convert the Karankawa Indians. Both the presidio and the mission were relocated several times. The last move in 1749 was to what is now Goliad. Mission La Bahía was secularized in 1830. According to historian Alonzo Salazar, many Mexican military families such as the Garzas had established ranchos on the mission lands with the expectation that, should mission lands be secularized, the Mexican government would issue titles to existing homesteaders. Along the Gulf Coast in what are now the counties of Goliad, Refugio, San Patricio and Victoria, Tejano involvement in events of the Texas revolution were partially influenced by the","title":"Carlos de la Garza"},{"docid":"14289251","text":"well as Argenis, Argos and Astro Boy. He is the brother-in-law of their father who wrestled as Dr. Karonte. Tony Salazar Antonio Salazar Gómez, (born January 15, 1949) is a retired Mexican \"Luchador\", or professional wrestler who currently works as the ring announcer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Sunday shows in \"Arena Coliseo\". He is best known under the ring name Tony Salazar, although he has also competed as Señor Tormenta, El Nene and the masked Ulises during his wrestling career. In his career, he has held the NWA World Middleweight Championship twice, and the NWA World Light","title":"Tony Salazar"},{"docid":"18315454","text":"husband's business affairs. Mekinges Elizabeth Conner was born in what is now the city of Anderson in Madison County, Indiana, in 1785. Her Indian name was \"Ma cun chis\" (me king ees), meaning \"last born\". Her name was also spelled Mckinges; there is a street in Carmel, Indiana that bears her name: Mckinges Circle. Conner was the daughter of the Lenape chief William \"Kik tha we nund\", also known as Chief William Anderson (1740–1831), Head of the Turkey Clan of the Unami Delaware Indians. The town of Anderson was named after him. Her Mother was Mary \"Ah Ke Ch Lung","title":"Mekinges Conner"},{"docid":"3570953","text":"an endangered species, greenhouse gasses cannot be regulated with the ESA. Salazar stated in a conference call announcing the decision that \"The single greatest threat to the polar bear is the melting of Arctic Sea ice due to climate change,\" but the Endangered Species Act \"is not the appropriate tool for us to deal with what is a global issue.\" The decision was met with criticism from environmental groups and praise from energy groups including the American Petroleum Institute, some Democrats and many Republicans. Salazar contended in the same conference call that the ESA was never intended to be used","title":"Ken Salazar"},{"docid":"9499585","text":"Made It Europe's Front\", called Salazar \"a benevolent ruler\", described him as \"by far the world's best dictator, he [Salazar] is also the greatest Portuguese since Prince Henry the Navigator\", and added that \"the dictator has built the nation\". \"Life\" declared that \"most of what is good in modern Portugal can be credited to Dr. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (...) The dictator is everything that most Portuguese are not – calm, silent, ascetic, puritanical, a glutton for work, cool to women. He found a country in chaos and poverty. He has balanced the budget, built roads and schools, torn down","title":"Portugal during World War II"},{"docid":"3699862","text":"Alonso de Salazar Toribio Alonso de Salazar, born in Biscay, was a Spanish navigator of Basque origin, who discovered the Marshall Islands on August 21, 1526. De Salazar was part of the Fray García Jose de Loaísa's expedition from Spain to the Spice Islands in 1525, the second in history to cross the Pacific Ocean, after the Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation of the globe. De Salazar took command of \"Santa Maria de la Victoria\", the last of seven ships to survive the voyage, after the deaths of Loasa and Juan Sebastián Elcano. He sighted the Bokak Atoll in the Marshall Islands en","title":"Alonso de Salazar"},{"docid":"3797913","text":"corn, wheat, beans, and many other foods were produced. During the 18th century, the plantation often went by the name of \"San Pedro\", in honor of Saint Peter. The city was not elevated to the status of \"Villa\" (Village) until December 14, 1882, when it was given the name Garza García, in honor of the governor of Nuevo León, Genaro Garza García. It was not until 1988 that the mayor at the time, Alejandro Chapa Salazar gave the city its current name, adding the reference to what it was called centuries before. The city is home to the Catholic university,","title":"San Pedro Garza García"},{"docid":"1829847","text":"verb \"to be\". Empty name In the philosophy of language, an empty name is a proper name that has no referent. The problem of empty names is that empty names have a meaning that it seems they should not have. The name \"Pegasus\" is empty; there is nothing to which it refers. Yet, though there is no Pegasus, we know what the sentence \"Pegasus has two wings\" means. We can even understand the sentence \"There is no such thing as Pegasus.\" But, what can the meaning of a proper name be, except the object to which it refers? There are","title":"Empty name"},{"docid":"1829845","text":"Empty name In the philosophy of language, an empty name is a proper name that has no referent. The problem of empty names is that empty names have a meaning that it seems they should not have. The name \"Pegasus\" is empty; there is nothing to which it refers. Yet, though there is no Pegasus, we know what the sentence \"Pegasus has two wings\" means. We can even understand the sentence \"There is no such thing as Pegasus.\" But, what can the meaning of a proper name be, except the object to which it refers? There are three broad ways","title":"Empty name"},{"docid":"615152","text":"is true for females; they do not take their husband's last name. They go independently by their given name, followed by their father's name, and then their grandfather's name, even after marriage. Some Kenyan communities used patronyms. As of 2010 the practice has largely dropped off with the use of just the father's last name as a surname. Kalenjin use 'arap' meaning 'son of'; Kikuyu used 'wa' meaning 'of'. Because of polygamy, matronyms were also used and 'wa' used to identify which wife the child was born of; Maasai use 'ole' meaning 'son of'; Meru use 'mto' abbreviated M' thus","title":"Patronymic"},{"docid":"3570934","text":"later attended Colorado College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the University of Michigan Law School in 1981. Later Salazar was awarded honorary degrees (Doctor of Laws) from Colorado College (1993) and the University of Denver (1999). After graduating, Salazar started private law practice. Although Salazar's Hispanic ancestry is of the Hispanos from what is today the Southwestern United States, with his family there dating back to the 16th century from when that region was part of New Spain (then becoming a part of Mexico, and ultimately becoming","title":"Ken Salazar"},{"docid":"13619454","text":"form: \"Sarasaitzu\". The Castilian official denomination began being used widely in the 17th century probably influenced by the \"Salazar\" surname, famous in the Nobility of the Iberian Peninsula. In fact \"Salazar\" is not a common surname in Navarre, but it is very common in the west of the Basque Country, which indicates its origins. The local Basque language dialect was the Salazarese, although nowadays Spanish among the elder population and Spanish and Euskara Batua between younger generations is spoken. However, the last publications of works about the Basque of Zaraitzu (dictionary, learning method, text collection and oral recordings) and some","title":"Salazar Valley"},{"docid":"3249326","text":"injured Alan Trammell. On August 31, 1989, a few minutes before the postseason rosters must be filed, the Cubs obtained Salazar from San Diego in a last effort to replace their four slumping third basemen. Salazar gave the club a lift in September, playing a solid third base and batting .326 (26-80) with 12 RBI and a .357 on-base percentage. The Cubs won the National League East division title. The next three seasons Salazar played predominantly on third base, batting .243 with 31 homers, 110 RBI, and 78 runs in 316 games. In 1302-games career, Salazar batted .261 with 179","title":"Luis Salazar"},{"docid":"14000011","text":"those who admit their agreements with the Devil. The severe inquisitor Alonso de Salazar y Frías is tasked with enforcing the edict by covering the region. But what nobody knows is that Salazar doesn't believe anymore in sorcery or spells and, even worse, he does not believe in the Devil anymore, because he has lost his faith. To reveal the mystery of the witches, Salazar will use the anatomy studies from Leonardo da Vinci, forensic technics he learned in Rome, apothecary knowledge to analyse magical ointments... he finally will base his investigation on verifiable facts to establish factual truths instead","title":"Ars Magica (novel)"},{"docid":"15710465","text":"word \"\" (\"abo\"; meaning \"or\", \"if only\", \"so that\")—in this case the suffix \"\" (\"-ash-\") is a standard means of forming a name. The Turkic origin theory is more plausible and traces the nickname to the Turkic root \"aba\" (meaning \"an uncle on the father's side\"), to which diminutive suffix \"-š\" was added. The other theory traces these last names, in particular Abashin and Abashkin, to the Christian male first name Avvakum. Abashev Abashev (; masculine) or Abasheva (; feminine) is a Russian last name. Variants of this last name include Abashenko (), Abashin/Abashina (/), Abashkin/Abashkina (/), Abashichev/Abashicheva (/), Abashkov/Abashkova","title":"Abashev"},{"docid":"18085095","text":"Artifex Pereo Artifex Pereo is an American rock band from Louisville, Kentucky that formed in 2009. The band released two independent releases before being signing to Tooth & Nail Records. In 2014, the band released their debut studio album entitled \"Time in Place\" that charted on two \"Billboard\" charts. Artifex Pereo are from Louisville, Kentucky, and they formed as a band in 2009. The band name originates from the phrase \"Qualis artifex pereo\", Roman emperor Nero's famous last words. In Latin this translates to \"what an artist dies with me\", \"artifex\" meaning artist and \"pereo\" meaning perishes. In April 2014,","title":"Artifex Pereo"},{"docid":"15346502","text":"it that it is Moses who does not know, meaning that the Israelites will ask him the name in order to prove his credentials), and just what the statement means. The last can be approached in three ways: In her Open Yale Course, Lecture 7, Chapter 5 (\"Descriptions of God in the Bible\"), professor Christine Hayes considers the possibilities and is tempted to read \"Ehyeh asher ehyeh\" as God's reluctance to tell Moses his name: Moses says: May I say who sent me? He asks for God’s name. The Israelites will want to know who has sent me, and God","title":"I Am that I Am"},{"docid":"5807217","text":"Chicano movement particularly clear when he authored an article in the \"Los Angeles Times\", titled, \"Who Is A Chicano? And What Is It the Chicanos Want?\" In this piece, Salazar not only describes the evolving identity of Chicanos and the historic importance of the movement, but he details his frustration with the lack of Mexican-American representation among the elected representatives in the Los Angeles city council. Salazar writes, \"Mexican-Americans, though large in numbers, are so politically impotent that in Los Angeles, where the country's largest single concentration of Spanish-speaking live, they have no one of their own on the City","title":"Ruben Salazar"},{"docid":"19518209","text":"Eulalia Abaitua Allende-Salazar Eulalia de Abaitua y Allende-Salazar or Eulalia Abaitua (25 January 1853 – 16 September 1943) lived in Barcelona, Liverpool and London before becoming an early Spanish photographer based in the Basque port of Bilbao. Her work is now a resource of early Basque culture. Allende-Salazar was born in Bilbao in 1853. Shortly after her birth her mother died and she adopted her name. She and her two siblings were split up and she was the only one to remain in the care of her father. He arranged for her to attend a school near Barcelona called \"Sagrado","title":"Eulalia Abaitua Allende-Salazar"},{"docid":"2620965","text":"and compared it with the eating habits of the US and the most developed countries during that period, some identified it as the \"Diet of the Poor\". According to the famed Portuguese gastronomist who met with Keys, Portugal was included in their observations and studies, and according to their conversation, Keys considered Portugal had the most pure \"Mediterranean\" diet. However, Salazar, the dictator of Portugal, did not want the name of Portugal included in what he understood as the diet of the poor. Still today the name of the diet is not consensual among Portuguese gastronomists. After the Mediterranean diet","title":"Mediterranean diet"},{"docid":"1511355","text":"municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 6.9% over the last decade. The meaning of the name Sør-Varanger comes from the name of the large Varangerfjorden (Old Norse: \"Ver(j)angr\") on the northern shore of the municipality. The first part is \"ver\" meaning \"fishing village\" and the last part is \"angr\" which means \"fjord\". It was first probably used for the narrow fjord on the inside of Angsnes which now is called \"Meskfjorden\" and leads into Varangerbotn. \"Sør\" means \"south\" in Norwegian. Prior to 1918, the name was spelled \"Sydvaranger\" (also meaning \"South Varanger\"). Before 1964, there also","title":"Sør-Varanger"},{"docid":"11162717","text":"the questions asked by [Beilis'] lawyer\". Rebekah Marks Costin's account in Robert Garber's \"Jews on Trial\" quotes the key exchange of the trial which served to destroy Pranaitis' credibility: Q: What is the meaning of the word \"Hullin\" [animals permissible as food]?A: I don't know.Q: What is the meaning of the word \"Erubin\" [Sabbath walking limits]?A: I don't know.Q: What is the meaning of the word \"Yebamot\" [family relationships]?A: I don't know.Q: When did \"Baba Batra\" live and what was her activity?A: I don't know. The last question \"was fatal once it was tactfully explained to the jury. Baba Batra","title":"Justinas Pranaitis"},{"docid":"7380170","text":"Panoplosaurus Panoplosaurus (meaning \"completely armoured lizard\") is a genus of nodosaurid dinosaur. It was one of the last known nodosaurids, living during the Late Cretaceous in what is now North America; fossils have been located in Alberta, Canada. The first fossil was found in 1917 by Charles M. Sternberg in Quarry 8, near Little Sandhill Creek. The type species \"Panoplosaurus mirus\" was named by Lawrence M. Lambe in 1919. The generic name is derived from Greek \"pan\", \"completely\" and \"hoplon\", \"armour\". The specific name means \"wondrous\" in Latin. This holotype, CMN 2759, was discovered in the Dinosaur Park Formation dating","title":"Panoplosaurus"},{"docid":"14318322","text":"to suggest. With an Indian military operation imminent, Salazar ordered Governor General Manuel Vassalo e Silva to fight to the last man and adopt a scorched earth policy. Eventually, India launched Operation Vijay in December 1961 to evict Portugal from Goa, Daman and Diu. 31 Portuguese soldiers were killed in action, and the Portuguese Navy frigate NRP \"Alfonso de Albuquerque\" was destroyed, before General Vassalo e Silva surrendered. Salazar forced the general into exile for disobeying his order to fight to the last man and surrendering to the Indian Army. Statements deploring India's resort to force in Goa, Daman, and","title":"António de Oliveira Salazar"},{"docid":"20846887","text":"Eurasian hobby as '' (pronounced as \"kobus\"). As a personal name or a nickname, Kobuz (Russian: Кобуз, Кобузь) is found in written sources of the region of the Oka river, particularly the area of Ryazan. However, it is uncertain what status the family's progenitor had, while the Kobuzev family appears by the late 15th — early 16th ceturies in the surviving written sources already with their last name and members of the local landed aristocracy. The earliest Kobuzev mentioned so far was 'Vasily Ananyin syn Kobuzev' (meaning: \"Vasily, son of Ananiy of the Kobuzev family\"), mentioned in 1491 as a","title":"Kobuzev family"},{"docid":"4806527","text":"the last of Parsuram, thus the name - sahastra + ram, making the name as Sahastraram. Sasaram was originally named Shah Serai (meaning \"Place of King\") as it is the birthplace of the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, who ruled over Delhi, much of northern India, what is now Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan for five years, after defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun. Many of Sher Shah Suri's governmental practices were adopted by the Mughals and the British Raj including taxation, administration, and the building of a paved road from Kabul to Bengal. Sher Shah Suri's red sandstone tomb, built in","title":"Sasaram"},{"docid":"20530621","text":"first element of the name is the name of the river Glåma and the last element is \"os\" meaning the \"starting point of a river\". The river Glåma is considered to start near here at the end of the lake Aursunden. Glåmos (municipality) Glåmos is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county in Norway. The short-lived municipality existed from 1926 until its dissolution in 1964. It was located in the northwestern part of what is now the municipality of Røros in Trøndelag county. It included all the area around the headwaters of the river Glåma and the areas surrounding","title":"Glåmos (municipality)"},{"docid":"4040520","text":"The Zandvoort circuit near Amsterdam provided Prost with his second win of the year, ahead of Piquet and Jones. Reutemann and Laffite took each other out on lap 18, meaning that Piquet now led the Drivers' Championship by virtue of having more wins than Reutemann. In a race of attrition, only ten cars were classified at the end, with Chilean rookie Eliseo Salazar finishing sixth in an Ensign and thus scoring his first point in Formula One. The second Italian and last European race of the year, the Italian Grand Prix, returned to the historic Monza circuit just outside Milan","title":"1981 Formula One World Championship"},{"docid":"16886337","text":"Princesa Sugehit Ernestina Sugehit Salazar Martínez (born June 25, 1980) is a Mexican \"luchadora\" (Spanish for \"professional wrestler\") who is best known under the ring name Princesa Sugehit. She is working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying a \"ruda\"/heel (\"bad guy\") wrestling character. Her name has appeared differently in different publications, even her employer CMLL has not always spelled her name consistently, it has appeared as \"Princesa Sujei\", \"Princesa Sugey\", 'Princesa Sujey\", \"Princesa Sugeth\", \"Princesa Sugehit\" and variations thereof. Salazar was a fan of professional wrestling or lucha libre from a young age","title":"Princesa Sugehit"},{"docid":"18239870","text":"share this last name: Bakulin Bakulin (; masculine) or Bakulina (; feminine) is a Russian last name. There are two theories regarding the origins of this last name. According to the first one, it is a variety of the last name Abakumov, which is derived from a patronymic, itself derived from various forms of the Christian male first name Avvakum. However, it is also possible that this last name is related to the last name Bakunin, both of which derive from dialectal Russian words \"\" (\"bakulya\") and \"\" (\"bakunya\"), meaning, depending on the dialect, \"chatterbox\", \"talkative person\" or \"agile, business-like","title":"Bakulin"},{"docid":"16919172","text":"\"The Insomniac\" is the second feature film directed by Monty Miranda. His first film, Skills Like This (which stars Spencer Berger, who plays Andrew Booker in \"The Insomniac\"), won the award for Best Narrative Feature at the South by Southwest film festival. Salazar came up with the idea for the script when he caught someone breaking into his house after a scheduled meeting was canceled. Although nothing happened to him or his house, Salazar didn't sleep at all, thinking about what could've happened if he went to the meeting. On a radio interview, Salazar revealed that he couldn't sleep profoundly","title":"The Insomniac (2013 film)"},{"docid":"10690446","text":"Kyung Kyung, also spelled Kyoung, Gyeong, Kyeong, or Kyong, is an uncommon Korean family name, as well as a single-syllable Korean given name and an element in many two-syllable Korean given names. The 2000 South Korean Census found 15,784 people with the family name Kyung. It may be written with either of two different hanja. Those with the name meaning \"scenery\" () may belong to one of two different \"bon-gwan\": Haeju, South Hwanghae, in what is today North Korea, and Taein (泰仁). There is only one \"bon-gwan\" for the other Kyung surname, meaning \"celebration\" (): Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, in what is","title":"Kyung"},{"docid":"4172372","text":"2005, Salazar competed in the inaugural race of the Grand Prix Masters, as a late replacement for Alan Jones. In 2006 he raced in both GPM races in Qatar and England. In 2007, Salazar moved to the N4-class of the , the Chilean Rally Championship, driving a Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX, and was 5th in his first year at the N4-Class with a car of the ING Team. His last international project is to race the Lisboa-Dakar rally, with the objective of being the first driver to have raced in the Monaco Grand Prix, the Le Mans 24 Hours, the","title":"Eliseo Salazar"},{"docid":"16023971","text":"floor. 66. Kawengo meaning the spirit of a deceased woman. 67. Kayando meaning a sufferer, trouble. 68. Kayawe meaning a cunning person. 69. Kayongo meaning the spirit of a deceased man. 70. Kathzungo (Kazungo) meaning noise or racket. Name of the 22nd Mbunda King who was installed by the Portuguese colonialists, after abducting King Mwene Mbandu I Lyondthzi Kapova, the 21st Monarch of Mbundaland in what is now Angola. 71. Kufuna meaning to and fro. (Not Mbunda by origin but used today). 72. Kalunga meaning God. 73. Kuunga meaning to gather. 74. Kuvangu, see Kawengo. 75. Lifuti meaning country. Name","title":"Mbunda language"},{"docid":"2724910","text":"27:25.61, and at Paris (27:29.06). Salazar enjoyed success in cross country competition, earning several All American honors in collegiate and post-collegiate national championships. Salazar was also the U.S. national cross country champion in 1979. He fared well at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, finishing second in 1982 and fourth in 1983. His silver medal in 1982 marks the last time an American male reached the podium in World Cross Country. In addition to a fourth-place finish (only one second behind the top three placers) at the 1983 world cross country championships, Salazar twice broke the American 10 km road","title":"Alberto Salazar"},{"docid":"3315107","text":"guajillo chili peppers, as well as pozole and white menudo . One important beverage sold here is ponche. It has been made for generations in Comala with at least twenty families currently involved in its production although there are thought to be more who produce it clandestinely. The drink has been given a certification of the name so that products called “ponche de Comala” must be from the area, similar to tequila. Ramon Salazar Salazar was one of the pioneers in the making of ponche, and his son Ramiro Salazar Trujillo is still involved into the craft. Ponche has been","title":"Comala"},{"docid":"3289031","text":"El Progreso was known as \"Guastatoya\" or \"Huastatoya\", derived from Nahuatl \"huäxyötl\" or \"huäxin\" (\"calabash\") and \"atoyac\" (\"last\"), meaning the last place that calabashes grow, a reference to the change in altitude that occurs in the department, and corresponding climatic change from cold to hot. The Spanish colonial \"corregimiento\" of San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán was established in 1551 with its seat in the town of that name, in what is now the eastern portion of the modern department. Most of the area of the modern department fell within the corregimiento of Chiquimula. Acasaguastlán was one of few pre-conquest centres of population","title":"El Progreso Department"},{"docid":"12075378","text":"Kelsey (given name) Kelsey Is a unisex given name of English origin. The name most probably derives from an Old English given name \"Ceolsige\", which meant \"ship's victory\", or it could be a place name meaning \"Cenel's island\". \"Cenel's Island\" is a combination of the Old English word \"cenel\", meaning \"fierce\", and \"eg\", meaning island. Kelsey was the 201st most popular name for girls born in the United States in 2007. It was among the top 50 most popular names for girls there in the 1990s. It was last ranked among the top 1,000 most common names for boys there","title":"Kelsey (given name)"},{"docid":"18239869","text":"Bakulin Bakulin (; masculine) or Bakulina (; feminine) is a Russian last name. There are two theories regarding the origins of this last name. According to the first one, it is a variety of the last name Abakumov, which is derived from a patronymic, itself derived from various forms of the Christian male first name Avvakum. However, it is also possible that this last name is related to the last name Bakunin, both of which derive from dialectal Russian words \"\" (\"bakulya\") and \"\" (\"bakunya\"), meaning, depending on the dialect, \"chatterbox\", \"talkative person\" or \"agile, business-like person\". The following people","title":"Bakulin"},{"docid":"20435790","text":"Gadāʼī must have been born no later than 1360 and later served at the court of Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza at over 90 years of age. The poet is referred to as \"Gadāʼī\" by Navāʼi, and in the one manuscript of his divans, as \"Gadā\". This name, meaning \"beggar\", is understood to be a pen name. It is not known what his given name may have been. Gadāʼī wrote a divan, or collection of poems, in what would now be considered the pre-classical Chaghatay literary language. At the time, this language was known as \"Türkī\", meaning \"Turkish\" or \"Turkic\". Rustamov highlights","title":"Gadāʾī"},{"docid":"19274182","text":"Shades (comics) Hernan Enrique Salazar \"Shades\" Alvarez is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the father of Victor Alvarez and is frequently seen with his partner in crime Comanche. The character's birth name came as a change to the character in the Netflix series \"Luke Cage\", where he is played by Theo Rossi. No explanation has been given for why he uses what is presumably his mother's surname, Álvarez, instead of his father's, Sálazar. Shades first appeared in \"Luke Cage, Hero for Hire\" #1 and was created by Archie Goodwin and George","title":"Shades (comics)"},{"docid":"20973701","text":"all, what I call non-figurative music... And then I worked with what I called meta-music, music about music. And this last stage I work with what I call existentialist music. And that is a music without any specific meaning. Without any specific goal. And without any specific technique or will to get to something, some result of any kind. It is just like life, I think. You walk around and look at things and you wonder what they are and what their meaning is, and you don't always find out.” Jan W. Morthenson Jan W. Morthenson (b. April 7, 1940","title":"Jan W. Morthenson"},{"docid":"16886346","text":"Show, Sugehit lost her mask in a lucha de apuestas two out of three falls against Zeuxis, revealing herself as Ernestina Sugehit Salazar Martinez with 21 years experience in the sport. On June 16, 2017, WWE announced Sugehit as part of the Mae Young Classic. On August 28, Sugehit defeated Kay Lee Ray in the first round.<ref name=\"MaeYoungClassic28/08/17\"></ref> On September 4, Sugehit was eliminated in the second round by Mercedes Martinez.<ref name=\"MaeYoungClassic04/09/17\"></ref> Princesa Sugehit Ernestina Sugehit Salazar Martínez (born June 25, 1980) is a Mexican \"luchadora\" (Spanish for \"professional wrestler\") who is best known under the ring name Princesa Sugehit.","title":"Princesa Sugehit"},{"docid":"12042866","text":"the Sufi tradition, it has a meaning similar to \"charisma\". The Hebrew cognate is \"berakhah\". The Biblical name Baruch is the Hebrew cognate; see Book of Baruch for an instance of the name. The name is sometimes written differently in different countries; for example, the last name of singer Shakira (a Lebanese-Colombian) is Mebarak. When an Arabic name is used in other languages, the patronymic is often rendered as a last name. In other contexts, Mubarak is a proper last name (e.g., cricket player Jehan Mubarak). Mubarak (name) Mubarak () is an Arabic given name. A variant form is Baraka","title":"Mubarak (name)"},{"docid":"6324800","text":"name Kullu derives from the word \"Kulant Peeth\", meaning \"end of the habitable world\". As per legends, during the Great Flood, Manu visited this valley, but was unable to cross the Rohtang pass. He named the last settlement he found as Kulant Peeth, and chose to settle and meditate in what has now become the town of Manali (Manu's Place). The name further devolved into \"Kulut\", as the kingdom was known for a long time; before finally being known by the current name of Kullu or Kulu. The Buddhist pilgrim monk Xuanzang visited the Kullu Valley in 634 or 635","title":"Kullu"},{"docid":"18751407","text":"Colonia García Ginerés; Hacienda Tecoh covered what now makes up Colonia San José Tecoh, Colonia Castilla Cámara, Colonia Mercedes Barrera, Cinco Colonias and the Fraccionamiento Zacil Ha; Hacienda San Isidro is now Colonia Melitón Salazar; Hacienda San Diego Azcorra is now Colonia Azcorra, Colonia Miraflores, Colonia Unidad Habitacional Morelos, Colonia Morelos Oriente and Colonia Salvador Alvarado Sur; Hacienda Wallis is now Colonia Chuminópolis and Colonia La Esperanza; Haciendas Petcanché and Hacienda Chichí Suárez are now Colonia Jesús Carranza, Colonia Miguel Alemán, and Colonia Chichí Suárez, just to name a few. The wealth from the boom paid for city streets as","title":"Haciendas of Yucatán"},{"docid":"557650","text":"song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student's head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song. Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw","title":"Hogwarts"},{"docid":"17876777","text":"2015, Salazar joined the cast of the musical adaptation of Ned Vizzini's \"Be More Chill\" as Michael Mell at the Two River Theater in Red Bank, New Jersey. The production closed on June 28, 2015. In 2016, Salazar played Michael in the Off-Broadway revival of \"Tick, Tick... Boom!\", which opened on October 20, 2016 at the Acorn Theatre at Theater Row. The production ran from October 20 to December 18. In 2017, Salazar played the characters of Grover and Mr. D in the Off-Broadway premiere of \"The Lightning Thief\".<ref name=\"playbill.com/lightning\"></ref> The limited production ran from March 23 to May 6.","title":"George Salazar"},{"docid":"12977874","text":"the United States Geological Survey, and other federal agencies overseen by the Interior Department. Salazar was one of two Hispanics in the Cabinet, along with Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis of California. (There were three, but on January 4, 2009, Democratic New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson withdrew his name from the appointment of Secretary of Commerce). Salazar is the second Hispanic Interior Secretary after Manuel Lujan, Jr., who held the post from 1989 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush. Several prominent environmentalist groups are wary of Salazar, noting his strong ties with the coal and mining industries. Kieran","title":"Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet"},{"docid":"13805530","text":"common surname among Roma people. Due to several censuses made in the Kingdom of Castile during the 14th and 15th centuries, every Castilian subject was forced to take a name and two surnames. The Roma, who used to call themselves only by a first name, decided to take established surnames to add prestige to their families. They chose from among the oldest noble families, usually of Basque origin, thus it is extremely common to find Roma with surnames such as Heredia, Salazar, Mendoza, or Montoya. It is also one of several hundred surnames on a list produced by the Spanish","title":"Salazar (surname)"},{"docid":"6575677","text":"buddy Marines was killed while he served an 8-year sentence for robbery. Upon his release, Tupi promptly returned to his old haunts where he chastised the younger members of OVS for failing to take care of business, meaning kill a list of people he had passed down through the \"prison information network\" before his release. Prime on his list of people to kill was Mary Lou Davila Salazar, the woman he deemed responsible for Marines' murder. During a series of meetings with the most promising Eme recruits from OVS, Tupi warned the youngsters to stay off of the street Salazar","title":"OVS (gang)"},{"docid":"5143440","text":"Fifth Youth Foundation. She and her husband have now returned to San Antonio. Dr. Bill Cade and his wife Elsa received a Generosity of Spirit Award from the Association of Fundraising Professionals, Calgary at a National Philanthropy Day in Nov. 2010 in Calgary. Elsa Cade, under the name TexMex, spurred the blogosphere to focus on ShelterBox and their urgent need to send shelter and life-saving equipment to Haiti. The blog raised $130,000 to help 1,300 disaster survivors in just a matter of days in March 2010. Elsa Salazar Cade Elsa Salazar Cade (born 1952) is an award-winning Mexican American science","title":"Elsa Salazar Cade"},{"docid":"873201","text":"different periods of the 20th century. Max Salazar traces the word back to the early 1930s, when Ignacio Piñeiro composed \"Échale salsita\", a Cuban \"son\" protesting tasteless food. While Salazar describes this song as the origin of \"salsa\" meaning \"danceable Latin music\", Ed Morales describes the usage in the same song as a cry from Piñeiro to his band, telling them to increase the tempo to \"put the dancers into high gear\". Morales claims that later in the 1930s, vocalist Beny Moré would shout \"salsa\" during a performance \"to acknowledge a musical moment's heat, to express a kind of cultural","title":"Salsa music"},{"docid":"3224065","text":"Czech, German and Bulgarian, names literally meaning \"Iron Gates\" are used to name the entire range of gorges. These names are (, , , , , and \"Železni vrata\"). An alternative Romanian name for the last part of the route is \"Defileul Dunării\", literally \"Danube Gorge\". In Serbian, the gorge is known as \"Đerdap\" (Ђердап; ), with the last part named \"Đerdapska klisura\" (Ђердапска клисура; , meaning Đerdap Gorge) from the Byzantine Greek Κλεισούρα (kleisoura), \"enclosure\" or \"pass.\" Both Đerdap and former Serbian name for it, Demir-kapija, are Turkish in origin. Demir-kapija means \"iron gate\" (\"demirkapı\") and a translation of","title":"Iron Gates"},{"docid":"13338386","text":"Archdiocese and Honorary Chaplain of His Holiness. On September 7, 2004, Salazar was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Los Angeles and Titular Bishop of \"Nesqually\" by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following November 4 from Roger Cardinal Mahony, with Bishops Gabino Zavala and Gustavo Garcia-Siller, M.Sp.S., serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto: \"Do What Jesus Tells You\" (). In 2005, the Archdiocese learned that in 2002 civil authorities had investigated a claim that Salazar had been accused of sexual misconduct with a minor in the 1990s and decided not to prosecute him.","title":"Alexander Salazar"},{"docid":"3878708","text":"but also because they realized that the insurgents now dared to attack military forces and not just defenseless civilians. On 11 April, the Minister of National Defense Júlio Botelho Moniz - discontent with the attitude of Prime Minister Salazar regarding the Overseas policy and the conflict in Angola - leads a \"coup d'état\" attempt, which however fails. Following the aborted \"coup\" and now realizing that the conflict in Angola was more serious than what was initially thought, Prime Minister Salazar dismisses Botelho Moniz and assumes himself the Defense portfolio. On 13 April, Salazar speaks on television about the situation in","title":"Angolan War of Independence"},{"docid":"14172715","text":"Narrative Feature at the South by Southwest film festival. Salazar came up with the idea for the script when he caught someone breaking into his house after a scheduled meeting was canceled. Although nothing happened to him or his house, Salazar didn't sleep at all, thinking about what could've happened if he went to the meeting. On a radio interview, Salazar revealed that he couldn't sleep profoundly for two weeks due to the ambient sounds outside his house, fearing that someone was trying to break in again. This led to the writing of the script. The movie also stars \"Danny","title":"Monty Miranda"},{"docid":"10516156","text":"or more hyphens, a practice applied also to the English name \"God\", which Jews commonly write as \"G-d\". Most Jewish authorities say that this practice is not obligatory for the English name. Kabbalistic tradition holds that the correct pronunciation is known to a select few people in each generation, it is not generally known what this pronunciation is. In late kabbalistic works the tetragrammaton is sometimes referred to as the name of \"Havayah\"—, meaning \"the Name of Being/Existence\". This name also helps when one needs to refer specifically to the written Name; similarly, \"Shem Adonoot\", meaning \"the Name of Lordship\"","title":"Tetragrammaton"},{"docid":"18090496","text":"Seon (Korean name) Seon, also spelled Sun, is an uncommon Korean family name, as well as an element in Korean given names. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it. As a family name, Seon may be written with either of two hanja, one meaning \"to announce\" () and the other meaning \"first\" (). Each has one \"bon-gwan\": for the former, Boseong, Jeollanam-do, and for the latter, Jinseong, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, both in what is today South Korea. The 2000 South Korean census found 38,849 people with these family names. In a study by the National Institute of","title":"Seon (Korean name)"},{"docid":"13982508","text":"U.S. Census Abo is an uncommon first name but a fairly common last name for both men and women; ranking 53,205 out of 88,799. Abo (name) Abo is an Arabic and Hebrew male name and a variant form of Abbas. It is from \"Abbas\" that \"Abo\" takes its meaning of \"stern\" or \"somber father\". In Arabic, Abbas is a symbolic name referring to the lion, the king of beasts. The variant used in the Russian language as a Christian name is \"\" (\"Abo\"). It is possible that the Russian name was derived from the Biblical Hebrew word meaning \"father\", but","title":"Abo (name)"},{"docid":"2992631","text":"a tattoo of the star constellation Carina, after which Carina realizes he is her father. Barbossa sacrifices his life to protect Carina from an approaching Salazar. Following these events, Carina takes up the last name Barbossa. Barbossa was chosen by IGN's Orlando Parfitt as his 13th top fantasy villain. Hector Barbossa Captain Hector Barbossa is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series, portrayed by Australian actor Geoffrey Rush. Barbossa appears in all films of the series. Starting out as a villainous undead pirate in \"\" (2003), the character dies at the end of the film. However,","title":"Hector Barbossa"},{"docid":"14675891","text":"to determine the cause of the disaster.<ref name=\"CBS/AP\"></ref> On May 27 the United States Department of the Interior issued a press release stating that Salazar would issue a 6-month offshore drilling (below of water) moratorium in the area. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar ordered immediate inspections of all deep-water operations in the Gulf of Mexico. An Outer Continental Shelf safety review board within the Department of the Interior is to provide recommendations for conducting drilling activities in the Gulf. In a May 30 announcement of the limitation Salazar said: It was challenged by several drilling and oil services companies.","title":"2010 United States deepwater drilling moratorium"},{"docid":"13287996","text":"and his mother will move there, and depart from his life. There is a bit of word play in the book's title in English, \"Monk's Hood\". First is what seems the most direct meaning, the ground up root of the plant in the liniment that gets used as a poison in food, the plant having the common name from the appearance of its flower. It refers to another plot element as well, the monk's hood that briefly hides the untonsured head of the innocent boy who is the number one suspect for the sergeant. Last, it is the symbol of","title":"Monk's Hood"},{"docid":"15660126","text":"at the \"Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal\". Between 1475 and 1518, he oversaw the building of the Hôtel de Sens, which thereafter served as the Paris residence of the Archbishop of Sens. He improved Sens Cathedral by commissioning the windows of the Last Judgment and the life of Saint Stephen. He added a memorial chapel dedicated to his parents in 1510. During the campaign against Genoa, he acquired a foot of Saint Stephen that he donated to the cathedral. Tristan de Salazar Étienne Tristan de Salazar (c.1431 – February 11, 1518) was the Archbishop of Sens from 1475 to 1518. Étienne Tristan","title":"Tristan de Salazar"},{"docid":"14721328","text":"the plans of Apalache, Guale and San Marcos, as references on what he had done. None of these changes corresponded to the original plans, which meant that he had rejected the orders of the Crown in the construction of the castle. Governor Cabrera made a series of investigations that concluded the numbers of materials and structures carried out in St. Augustine by Hita y Salazar, and those that he indicated to have done in the castle. The reports did not coincide. Cabrera's engineers found many errors in the structures that Hita y Salazar had ordered to be built, especially some","title":"Pablo de Hita y Salazar"},{"docid":"1474961","text":"been discussed for decades, and the most used interpretation is that it originally was the name of the inlet now called Vågen, which was the original site of the city, on the east shore of the bay. The first element of the name is \"stafr\" meaning 'staff' or 'branch'. This could refer to the form of the inlet, but also to the form of the mountain Valberget (\"Staven\" meaning 'the staff,' is a common name of high and steep mountains in Norway). The last element is \"angr\" meaning 'inlet, bay'. Facing the North Sea, Stavanger has always been economically dependent","title":"Stavanger"},{"docid":"16183077","text":"Othón Salazar Othón Salazar Ramírez (1924–2008) was a Mexican normal school teacher and revolutionary. He was born in Alcozauca de Guerrero, Guerrero State on May 17, 1924 and died in Tlapa de Comonfort, Guerrero State on December 4, 2008. The son of parents who operated a bakery, Othón worked from an early age, but also went to school. In 1942, Othón started attending the Oaxtepec Normal School. There, the teachers saw the last flashes of the Mexican Revolution, leaving them with many social concerns. He completed only the first year in Oaxtepec. He did his second year in the Ayotzinapa","title":"Othón Salazar"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"5954951\",\n \"text\": \"Epicureanism, Greenblatt contended that it was the minimum conditions for what the pious More would have considered as necessary to live a happy life. Another complication comes from the Greek meaning of the names of people and places in the work. Apart from Utopia, meaning \\\"Noplace,\\\" several other lands are mentioned: \\\"Achora\\\" meaning \\\"Nolandia\\\", \\\"Polyleritae\\\" meaning \\\"Muchnonsense\\\", \\\"Macarenses\\\" meaning \\\"Happiland,\\\" and the river \\\"Anydrus\\\" meaning \\\"Nowater\\\". Raphael's last name, Hythlodaeus means \\\"dispenser of nonsense\\\" surely implying that the whole of the Utopian text is 'nonsense'. Additionally the Latin rendering of More's name, Morus, is similar to the word for a\",\n \"title\": \"Utopia (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14318372\",\n \"text\": \"by the same institute for offensiveness and the possibility of public disorder. The mayor claimed the refusal was ridiculous and will not give up or drop the name Salazar from future brand name proposals. He is considering submitting Vineyards of Salazar, as \\\"memories\\\" of the regime could be one reason to add to the refusal. The brand \\\"Salazar – O Obreiro da Pátria\\\" (\\\"Salazar – Fatherland's Workman\\\") is registered and runs the website www.oliveirasalazar.org, an archive of various documents related to Salazar. Salazar originated the HCESAR keyboard layout, introduced by means of a decree of 17. July 1937. In Portuguese\",\n \"title\": \"António de Oliveira Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14318365\",\n \"text\": \"usually feeble old men left over from a regime that was discredited and overthrown four decades ago, and Salazar decides what they can and cannot talk about...\\\" The Portuguese poet, writer, and literary critic Fernando Pessoa wrote that Salazar was \\\"capable of governing within the limits of his area of expertise, which is financial science, but not (capable of governing) with the lack of limits of government in general\\\", adding that \\\"What is wrong, here, is not that Sr. Oliveira Salazar is Minister of Finance, which I accept is right, but that he is minister of everything, which is more\",\n \"title\": \"António de Oliveira Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14318242\",\n \"text\": \"Salazar distanced himself from fascist dictatorships, which he considered a pagan Caesarist political system that recognised neither legal nor moral limits. Salazar viewed German Nazism as espousing pagan elements that he considered repugnant. Salazar also promoted Catholicism, but argued that the role of the Church was social, not political, and negotiated the Concordat of 1940. One of the mottos of the Salazar regime was \\\"\\\"Deus, Pátria e Familia\\\"\\\" (meaning \\\"God, Fatherland, and Family\\\"). With the \\\"Estado Novo\\\" enabling him to exercise vast political powers, Salazar used heavy-handed censorship and a ubiquitous secret police to quell opposition, especially that related to\",\n \"title\": \"António de Oliveira Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2845299\",\n \"text\": \"more realistic, domestic mood into some stories. Perhaps reflecting Hergé’s dislike of mediocrity, Wagg never accomplishes much, except to get in the way. Names in Tintin are not always literally translated but rather turned into a different joke. What Hergé intended in French is not possible to translate directly, however he \\\"wanted something 'puffed up', a tone which expressed at the same time fleshy and weak.\\\" Wagg’s original French name, Séraphin Lampion , is a contrast between the first name meaning \\\"seraphim\\\", and the last name meaning a \\\"chintzy little lamp of the sort Wagg would use to decorate his\",\n \"title\": \"Jolyon Wagg\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18085092\",\n \"text\": \"Ji (Korean name) Ji, also spelled Jee, Chi, or Chee, is a Korean family name, as well as a popular element in Korean given names. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it. As a family name, Ji may be written with either of two hanja, one meaning \\\"wisdom\\\" (), and the other meaning \\\"pond\\\" (). Each has one \\\"bon-gwan\\\": for the family name meaning \\\"wisdom\\\", Pongju Village, Pongsan County, North Hwanghae in what is today North Korea, and for the family name meaning \\\"pond\\\", Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do in what is today South Korea. The 2000 South Korean\",\n \"title\": \"Ji (Korean name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14337922\",\n \"text\": \"Karlsson and Salazar, leading to the album \\\"The Great Divide\\\" (2014). Allen-Lande Allen/Lande or Allen-Lande is an international hard rock/heavy metal supergroup formed in 2005 by Italian record company Frontiers. Although the band was originally from Italy, none of the band members are Italian. It takes its name from its two singers, Symphony X vocalist Russell Allen and former Masterplan vocalist Jørn Lande. The project started with Swedish guitarist Magnus Karlsson (Primal Fear, Starbreaker, Last Tribe) as producer, main instrumentalist and songwriter. Together with drummer Jaime Salazar, the quatuor released three albums: \\\"The Battle\\\" (2005), \\\"The Revenge\\\" (2007), and \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Allen-Lande\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14129949\",\n \"text\": \"Bruno Turner considers that Salazar \\\"represents the last of the truly conservative Hispanic composers before the all-conquering Italian style took Spain and its Empire by storm\\\". Salazar also composed lighter pieces including Christmas \\\"villancicos,\\\" including several in the \\\"negrillo\\\" genre imitating the dialects and dances of African slaves. Motets \\\"Villancicos\\\" Antonio de Salazar (composer) Antonio de Salazar (or Zalazar) (c.1650–1715) was a Novohispanic composer. Salazar was born in Puebla de los Angeles, current Mexico. In 1698 he turned into the master of the chapel of Puebla Puebla Cathedral, then later held his final position at Mexico City Cathedral. It is\",\n \"title\": \"Antonio de Salazar (composer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6705015\",\n \"text\": \"N'dalatando N'dalatando (also spelt as Ndalatando; former official name: Vila Salazar) is a town and commune in the municipality of Cazengo, province of Cuanza Norte, Angola. It is also the seat of the Cazengo municipality and the provincial capital. N'dalatando was named Salazar by the Portuguese colonial authorities in 1936, honoring the Portuguese dictator Salazar. This was later modified to Vila Salazar. On 28 May 1956, the town was elevated to the status of city (\\\"cidade\\\" in Portuguese). After gaining independence on 11 November 1975, the Angolan government gave it back the name N'dalatando, effective 18 July 1976. The history\",\n \"title\": \"N'dalatando\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20710839\",\n \"text\": \"for San Lorenzo. He made his San Lorenzo debut in the Copa Libertadores versus Emelec on 7 July. His league bow came against former team Rosario Central on 10 September, he lasted just forty-three minutes before receiving a red card. Salazar is the brother of fellow footballer Nahuel Salazar. He is married to Xoana Barrientos, a hockey player for Provincial. Víctor Salazar (footballer, born 1993) Víctor Ezequiel Salazar (born 26 May 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Argentine Primera División side San Lorenzo. Salazar joined Rosario Central in 2007.<ref name=\\\"Youth/Family\\\"></ref> He was promoted into\",\n \"title\": \"Víctor Salazar (footballer, born 1993)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"654287\",\n \"text\": \"Triceratops Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America. It is one of the last known non-avian dinosaur genera, and became extinct in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. The name \\\"Triceratops\\\", which literally means \\\"three-horned face\\\", is derived from the Ancient Greek words τρί- (\\\"tri-\\\") meaning \\\"three\\\", κέρας (\\\"kéras\\\") meaning \\\"horn\\\", and ὤψ (\\\"ōps\\\") meaning \\\"face\\\". It has been documented by numerous remains collected since the genus was first described in 1889,\",\n \"title\": \"Triceratops\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14318269\",\n \"text\": \"state control, but granted a legitimacy that they had never before enjoyed and were made beneficiaries of a variety of new social programs. Nevertheless, it is important to note that even in the enthusiastic early years, corporatist agencies were not at the centre of power and therefore corporatism was not the true base of the whole system. In 1934, Salazar exiled Francisco Rolão Preto as a part of a purge of the leadership of the Portuguese National Syndicalists, also known as the \\\"camisas azuis\\\" (\\\"Blue Shirts\\\"). Salazar denounced the National Syndicalists as \\\"inspired by certain foreign models\\\" (meaning German Nazism)\",\n \"title\": \"António de Oliveira Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16998100\",\n \"text\": \"one of \\\"imaginaries\\\", which he describes as \\\"culturally shared and socially transmitted representational assemblages that are used as meaning-making devices (mediating how people act, cognize, and value the world)\\\". He is currently using this concept to research the role of dominant discourses and images of (im)mobility in cultures across the globe. Salazar conceives mobility as a locally circulating socio-cultural construct that positively values the ability to move, the freedom of movement, and the tendency to change easily or quickly. Salazar tries to bridge the academic gap between tourism and migration studies by studying the analytical purchase of (im)mobility as an\",\n \"title\": \"Noel B. Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9489721\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Mauricio Salazar Abraham Mauricio Salazar (born 1957) is a Nahuatl Indian artist, living in Oaxaca, Mexico. For most of his life, Salazar has been working as a farmer, painter, and teacher. His primary medium is papel amate, a folk craft tradition that the Nahuatls have used for over two millennia. The painting style takes its name from the medium that is used – “papel amate”, paper that is made from the bark of the ficus tree. Salazar is one of the most highly respected traditional bark painters in the State of Oaxaca. In a highly distinctive style, he depicts\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Mauricio Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19306296\",\n \"text\": \"Halim may also be a last name: Halim (name) Halim or Haleem () is an Arabic masculine given name which means gentle, forbearing, mild, patient, understanding, indulgent, slow to anger, \\\"what we call a civilized man\\\". In Islam, \\\"Al-Halīm\\\" is one of the 99 names of God, with that meaning. Halim is also a Chinese Indonesian surname based on Lim (林). Abdul Halim or Abdel Halim means servant of God, as thus described, and bearers of that name are listed on that page. \\\"Halim\\\" is also used as an abbreviated version of Abdul Halim, or independently, as a name given\",\n \"title\": \"Halim (name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9489723\",\n \"text\": \"subject of a seminal (now out-of-print) book on the high-quality papel amate paintings of the Nahuatl. Abraham Mauricio Salazar Abraham Mauricio Salazar (born 1957) is a Nahuatl Indian artist, living in Oaxaca, Mexico. For most of his life, Salazar has been working as a farmer, painter, and teacher. His primary medium is papel amate, a folk craft tradition that the Nahuatls have used for over two millennia. The painting style takes its name from the medium that is used – “papel amate”, paper that is made from the bark of the ficus tree. Salazar is one of the most highly\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Mauricio Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14318371\",\n \"text\": \"name given to a cake that Salazar used to eat sometimes. It is cheap and simple, perhaps with similarities to sponge cake. Kitchen cake spatulas are sometimes referred to as 'Salazar' in Portugal for their effectiveness in not leaving any residue behind. A wine brand called \\\"Terras de Salazar\\\" (\\\"Lands of Salazar\\\") was approved in 2011 by the national institute. It never reached the market due to the owner's economic troubles. In 2012, the City Council of Salazar's hometown Santa Comba Dão announced a brand called Memories of Salazar for a range of regional products, notably wine. It was rejected\",\n \"title\": \"António de Oliveira Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2073677\",\n \"text\": \"allocations could be reassigned at discretion and according to need. Judicious selection from the available allocation could result in clever meanings and result in an aptronym or backronym, although policy was to select words that had no obviously deducible connection with what they were supposed to be concealing. Those for the major conference meetings had a partial naming sequence referring to devices or instruments which had an ordinal number as part of their meaning, e.g., the third meeting was \\\"TRIDENT\\\". Joseph Stalin, whose last name means \\\"man of steel\\\", was given the name \\\"GLYPTIC\\\", meaning \\\"an image carved out of\",\n \"title\": \"Code name\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4245007\",\n \"text\": \"Salazar replaced Surer from Spain onwards. Salazar finished sixth in the Netherlands. In 1982 Roberto Guerrero raced for Ensign. He only finished in two races. Meanwhile, the team was also involved in the last year of British F1 Championship, winning the championship with the old MN180B Cars and Jim Crawford as driver. After the season, Ensign was merged into the Theodore team, which it had previous ties to via financier Teddy Yip and took that team's name. During many seasons, the connection between Ensign and Theodore was so great that in some years they used almost the same car, much\",\n \"title\": \"Ensign Racing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19793173\",\n \"text\": \"solving a series of murders, and personal, which in this case becomes as important and surprising as the outcome of the investigation. Although the first volume completed the plot of the investigation, the second installment begins with the trial against the stepfather of a young woman, Johana Márquez. Amaia Salazar is called on by the police just after the accused has committed suicide in the bathroom of the courthouse and left a note with a single message: \\\"Tarttalo\\\". Amaia must discover its meaning and at the same time uncover disturbing details of her past. The last entry in the trilogy\",\n \"title\": \"Dolores Redondo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20710838\",\n \"text\": \"Víctor Salazar (footballer, born 1993) Víctor Ezequiel Salazar (born 26 May 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Argentine Primera División side San Lorenzo. Salazar joined Rosario Central in 2007.<ref name=\\\"Youth/Family\\\"></ref> He was promoted into their senior team by manager Miguel Ángel Russo in November 2011, Salazar featured for ninety minutes in a draw with Olimpo which turned out to be Russo's final game in charge. In his opening four campaigns with the club, he featured seventy times in all competitions between 2014 and 2017. On 29 June 2017, Salazar left Rosario Central to play\",\n \"title\": \"Víctor Salazar (footballer, born 1993)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14289248\",\n \"text\": \"Tony Salazar Antonio Salazar Gómez, (born January 15, 1949) is a retired Mexican \\\"Luchador\\\", or professional wrestler who currently works as the ring announcer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Sunday shows in \\\"Arena Coliseo\\\". He is best known under the ring name Tony Salazar, although he has also competed as Señor Tormenta, El Nene and the masked Ulises during his wrestling career. In his career, he has held the NWA World Middleweight Championship twice, and the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship once. Tony Salazar made his professional wrestling debut in 1965 and soon after began working regularly for\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15139985\",\n \"text\": \"simply \\\"Belhaven\\\". Over the years the name has extended to include what became known as Belhaven Heights. Today, the use of the name \\\"Belhaven\\\" can refer to \\\"The Greater Belhaven Area\\\" (meaning both \\\"Belhaven\\\" and \\\"Belhaven Heights\\\", Belhaven University, or both. Fortification Street, which runs East and West through Belhaven, is paved over what was once one of the last Confederate battle lines during the Siege of Jackson. Although most structures in Jackson were burned by Union soldiers employing a Scorched Earth Policy during and after the siege (under the direction of General Ulysses S. Grant), many of Belhaven's older\",\n \"title\": \"Belhaven Neighborhood\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18559458\",\n \"text\": \"Diosdado's brother. After Salazar defected to the United States, he also said that the date that Hugo Chávez was to have allegedly died according to the Venezuelan government was wrong. With information from Salazar, ambassador to the Organization of American States, Guillermo Cochez, stated that Salazar said that Hugo Chávez died at 19:32 on 30 December 2012, contrasting the date Nicolás Maduro stated, which was 5 March 2013. This would be controversial since laws were passed in Chávez's name after the date Salazar stated he was to have died. Leamsy Salazar Leamsy Villafaña José Salazar was a lieutenant colonel in\",\n \"title\": \"Leamsy Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19108105\",\n \"text\": \"with politicians and use of public funds. He had been receiving threats since 2013 but had called the attorney general's office for assistance an hour before the attack. Federico Salazar was a reporter and radio journalist for the Guatemala City station \\\"Nuevo Mundo\\\" radio for the last 3 years. Both López and Salazar were leaders of the Suchitepequez Press Association in Guatemala. López was its vice-president. Salazar served as its secretary. Marvin Túnchez is a reporter for a local \\\"Canal 30\\\" cable TV station on channel 23 in Guatemala. He also reported for a newspaper called \\\"Publinews\\\". Shortly after the\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Danilo López and Federico Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18051967\",\n \"text\": \"this last name. Some examples of known people with the last name: Gherardi Gherardi is a surname of Northern Italian origin. It is most common in the regions of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Tuscany. The name comes from the Germanic words gari > ger- (meaning 'spear') and -hard (meaning 'hard/strong/brave'). The first family recorded to have this name in 970 AD, were the Gherardinghi family who owned five castles in Tuscany. The name has since been shortened and many variations of the name can be found throughout Italy. According to Italy Gen, about 1800 people with the last name of Gherardi\",\n \"title\": \"Gherardi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13619455\",\n \"text\": \"courses of this dialect in the valley have been addressed to the local population in order to maintain it to some extent. The traditional names of the towns are in brackets. Salazar Valley The Salazar Valley (, ) is a valley in the east of the Foral Community of Navarre in Spain. It lies within the Merindad of Zangoza-Sangüesa and within that, the Comarca of Roncal-Salazar. The Sierra de Abodi, part of the Western Pyrenees, forms the natural boundary in the north. There is a ski resort in Abodi. The first mention of the name was in documents of the\",\n \"title\": \"Salazar Valley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13619453\",\n \"text\": \"Salazar Valley The Salazar Valley (, ) is a valley in the east of the Foral Community of Navarre in Spain. It lies within the Merindad of Zangoza-Sangüesa and within that, the Comarca of Roncal-Salazar. The Sierra de Abodi, part of the Western Pyrenees, forms the natural boundary in the north. There is a ski resort in Abodi. The first mention of the name was in documents of the Monastery of Leire, with the denomination of \\\"Sarasazo\\\" (924). Later \\\"Sarasazu\\\" (1055), \\\"Sarasaz\\\" (1111 and 1469), \\\"Sarasaitz\\\" (1205) especially in texts written in Latin. Zaraitzu seems to derivate from an older\",\n \"title\": \"Salazar Valley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6705017\",\n \"text\": \"a large plantation of tlingera elatior forbs (porcelain roses) for local trade. N'dalatando N'dalatando (also spelt as Ndalatando; former official name: Vila Salazar) is a town and commune in the municipality of Cazengo, province of Cuanza Norte, Angola. It is also the seat of the Cazengo municipality and the provincial capital. N'dalatando was named Salazar by the Portuguese colonial authorities in 1936, honoring the Portuguese dictator Salazar. This was later modified to Vila Salazar. On 28 May 1956, the town was elevated to the status of city (\\\"cidade\\\" in Portuguese). After gaining independence on 11 November 1975, the Angolan government\",\n \"title\": \"N'dalatando\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16998098\",\n \"text\": \"geography, cultural studies, tourism studies, philosophy and psychology. Salazar has won numerous grants for his research projects (including from the National Science Foundation, the EU Seventh Framework Programme, and FWO). While at the University of Pennsylvania, Salazar experienced first-hand the benefits of transdisciplinary research. His involvement within the Department of Anthropology's Public Interest Anthropology project taught him the necessity of bridging the divide between academia and the wider public. Together with archaeologist Benjamin W. Porter, now professor at the Near Eastern Studies Department, UC Berkeley, he applied the public interest perspective to heritage tourism. Understanding the changing meaning and value\",\n \"title\": \"Noel B. Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18256725\",\n \"text\": \"Agureyev Agureyev (; masculine) or Agureyeva (; feminine) is a Russian last name. Variants of this last name include Agureykin/Agureykina (/), Ogureyev/Ogureyeva (/), Ogurenkov/Ogurenkova (/), Oguryayev/Oguryayeva (/), and possibly Ogurtsov/Ogurtsova (/). There are three theories as to the origins of these last names. According to the first one, they derive from the Russian dialectal verb \\\"\\\" (\\\"oguret\\\")—or \\\"\\\" (\\\"aguret\\\") in dialects with \\\"akanye\\\"—meaning \\\"to disobey\\\". This and related dialectal words \\\"\\\" (\\\"ogur\\\"), meaning \\\"stubbornness\\\", \\\"laziness\\\"; \\\"\\\" (\\\"ogurny\\\"), meaning \\\"a stubborn idler\\\", \\\"a slacker\\\"; and \\\"\\\" (\\\"oguryatsya\\\"), meaning \\\"to slack off\\\", gave birth to nicknames \\\"\\\" (\\\"Ogurey\\\") and \\\"\\\" (\\\"Oguryay\\\"), as\",\n \"title\": \"Agureyev\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18503462\",\n \"text\": \"convert the Karankawa Indians. Both the presidio and the mission were relocated several times. The last move in 1749 was to what is now Goliad. Mission La Bahía was secularized in 1830. According to historian Alonzo Salazar, many Mexican military families such as the Garzas had established ranchos on the mission lands with the expectation that, should mission lands be secularized, the Mexican government would issue titles to existing homesteaders. Along the Gulf Coast in what are now the counties of Goliad, Refugio, San Patricio and Victoria, Tejano involvement in events of the Texas revolution were partially influenced by the\",\n \"title\": \"Carlos de la Garza\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14289251\",\n \"text\": \"well as Argenis, Argos and Astro Boy. He is the brother-in-law of their father who wrestled as Dr. Karonte. Tony Salazar Antonio Salazar Gómez, (born January 15, 1949) is a retired Mexican \\\"Luchador\\\", or professional wrestler who currently works as the ring announcer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Sunday shows in \\\"Arena Coliseo\\\". He is best known under the ring name Tony Salazar, although he has also competed as Señor Tormenta, El Nene and the masked Ulises during his wrestling career. In his career, he has held the NWA World Middleweight Championship twice, and the NWA World Light\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18315454\",\n \"text\": \"husband's business affairs. Mekinges Elizabeth Conner was born in what is now the city of Anderson in Madison County, Indiana, in 1785. Her Indian name was \\\"Ma cun chis\\\" (me king ees), meaning \\\"last born\\\". Her name was also spelled Mckinges; there is a street in Carmel, Indiana that bears her name: Mckinges Circle. Conner was the daughter of the Lenape chief William \\\"Kik tha we nund\\\", also known as Chief William Anderson (1740–1831), Head of the Turkey Clan of the Unami Delaware Indians. The town of Anderson was named after him. Her Mother was Mary \\\"Ah Ke Ch Lung\",\n \"title\": \"Mekinges Conner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3570953\",\n \"text\": \"an endangered species, greenhouse gasses cannot be regulated with the ESA. Salazar stated in a conference call announcing the decision that \\\"The single greatest threat to the polar bear is the melting of Arctic Sea ice due to climate change,\\\" but the Endangered Species Act \\\"is not the appropriate tool for us to deal with what is a global issue.\\\" The decision was met with criticism from environmental groups and praise from energy groups including the American Petroleum Institute, some Democrats and many Republicans. Salazar contended in the same conference call that the ESA was never intended to be used\",\n \"title\": \"Ken Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9499585\",\n \"text\": \"Made It Europe's Front\\\", called Salazar \\\"a benevolent ruler\\\", described him as \\\"by far the world's best dictator, he [Salazar] is also the greatest Portuguese since Prince Henry the Navigator\\\", and added that \\\"the dictator has built the nation\\\". \\\"Life\\\" declared that \\\"most of what is good in modern Portugal can be credited to Dr. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (...) The dictator is everything that most Portuguese are not – calm, silent, ascetic, puritanical, a glutton for work, cool to women. He found a country in chaos and poverty. He has balanced the budget, built roads and schools, torn down\",\n \"title\": \"Portugal during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3699862\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso de Salazar Toribio Alonso de Salazar, born in Biscay, was a Spanish navigator of Basque origin, who discovered the Marshall Islands on August 21, 1526. De Salazar was part of the Fray García Jose de Loaísa's expedition from Spain to the Spice Islands in 1525, the second in history to cross the Pacific Ocean, after the Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation of the globe. De Salazar took command of \\\"Santa Maria de la Victoria\\\", the last of seven ships to survive the voyage, after the deaths of Loasa and Juan Sebastián Elcano. He sighted the Bokak Atoll in the Marshall Islands en\",\n \"title\": \"Alonso de Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3797913\",\n \"text\": \"corn, wheat, beans, and many other foods were produced. During the 18th century, the plantation often went by the name of \\\"San Pedro\\\", in honor of Saint Peter. The city was not elevated to the status of \\\"Villa\\\" (Village) until December 14, 1882, when it was given the name Garza García, in honor of the governor of Nuevo León, Genaro Garza García. It was not until 1988 that the mayor at the time, Alejandro Chapa Salazar gave the city its current name, adding the reference to what it was called centuries before. The city is home to the Catholic university,\",\n \"title\": \"San Pedro Garza García\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1829847\",\n \"text\": \"verb \\\"to be\\\". Empty name In the philosophy of language, an empty name is a proper name that has no referent. The problem of empty names is that empty names have a meaning that it seems they should not have. The name \\\"Pegasus\\\" is empty; there is nothing to which it refers. Yet, though there is no Pegasus, we know what the sentence \\\"Pegasus has two wings\\\" means. We can even understand the sentence \\\"There is no such thing as Pegasus.\\\" But, what can the meaning of a proper name be, except the object to which it refers? There are\",\n \"title\": \"Empty name\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1829845\",\n \"text\": \"Empty name In the philosophy of language, an empty name is a proper name that has no referent. The problem of empty names is that empty names have a meaning that it seems they should not have. The name \\\"Pegasus\\\" is empty; there is nothing to which it refers. Yet, though there is no Pegasus, we know what the sentence \\\"Pegasus has two wings\\\" means. We can even understand the sentence \\\"There is no such thing as Pegasus.\\\" But, what can the meaning of a proper name be, except the object to which it refers? There are three broad ways\",\n \"title\": \"Empty name\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"615152\",\n \"text\": \"is true for females; they do not take their husband's last name. They go independently by their given name, followed by their father's name, and then their grandfather's name, even after marriage. Some Kenyan communities used patronyms. As of 2010 the practice has largely dropped off with the use of just the father's last name as a surname. Kalenjin use 'arap' meaning 'son of'; Kikuyu used 'wa' meaning 'of'. Because of polygamy, matronyms were also used and 'wa' used to identify which wife the child was born of; Maasai use 'ole' meaning 'son of'; Meru use 'mto' abbreviated M' thus\",\n \"title\": \"Patronymic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3570934\",\n \"text\": \"later attended Colorado College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the University of Michigan Law School in 1981. Later Salazar was awarded honorary degrees (Doctor of Laws) from Colorado College (1993) and the University of Denver (1999). After graduating, Salazar started private law practice. Although Salazar's Hispanic ancestry is of the Hispanos from what is today the Southwestern United States, with his family there dating back to the 16th century from when that region was part of New Spain (then becoming a part of Mexico, and ultimately becoming\",\n \"title\": \"Ken Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13619454\",\n \"text\": \"form: \\\"Sarasaitzu\\\". The Castilian official denomination began being used widely in the 17th century probably influenced by the \\\"Salazar\\\" surname, famous in the Nobility of the Iberian Peninsula. In fact \\\"Salazar\\\" is not a common surname in Navarre, but it is very common in the west of the Basque Country, which indicates its origins. The local Basque language dialect was the Salazarese, although nowadays Spanish among the elder population and Spanish and Euskara Batua between younger generations is spoken. However, the last publications of works about the Basque of Zaraitzu (dictionary, learning method, text collection and oral recordings) and some\",\n \"title\": \"Salazar Valley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3249326\",\n \"text\": \"injured Alan Trammell. On August 31, 1989, a few minutes before the postseason rosters must be filed, the Cubs obtained Salazar from San Diego in a last effort to replace their four slumping third basemen. Salazar gave the club a lift in September, playing a solid third base and batting .326 (26-80) with 12 RBI and a .357 on-base percentage. The Cubs won the National League East division title. The next three seasons Salazar played predominantly on third base, batting .243 with 31 homers, 110 RBI, and 78 runs in 316 games. In 1302-games career, Salazar batted .261 with 179\",\n \"title\": \"Luis Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14000011\",\n \"text\": \"those who admit their agreements with the Devil. The severe inquisitor Alonso de Salazar y Frías is tasked with enforcing the edict by covering the region. But what nobody knows is that Salazar doesn't believe anymore in sorcery or spells and, even worse, he does not believe in the Devil anymore, because he has lost his faith. To reveal the mystery of the witches, Salazar will use the anatomy studies from Leonardo da Vinci, forensic technics he learned in Rome, apothecary knowledge to analyse magical ointments... he finally will base his investigation on verifiable facts to establish factual truths instead\",\n \"title\": \"Ars Magica (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15710465\",\n \"text\": \"word \\\"\\\" (\\\"abo\\\"; meaning \\\"or\\\", \\\"if only\\\", \\\"so that\\\")—in this case the suffix \\\"\\\" (\\\"-ash-\\\") is a standard means of forming a name. The Turkic origin theory is more plausible and traces the nickname to the Turkic root \\\"aba\\\" (meaning \\\"an uncle on the father's side\\\"), to which diminutive suffix \\\"-š\\\" was added. The other theory traces these last names, in particular Abashin and Abashkin, to the Christian male first name Avvakum. Abashev Abashev (; masculine) or Abasheva (; feminine) is a Russian last name. Variants of this last name include Abashenko (), Abashin/Abashina (/), Abashkin/Abashkina (/), Abashichev/Abashicheva (/), Abashkov/Abashkova\",\n \"title\": \"Abashev\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18085095\",\n \"text\": \"Artifex Pereo Artifex Pereo is an American rock band from Louisville, Kentucky that formed in 2009. The band released two independent releases before being signing to Tooth & Nail Records. In 2014, the band released their debut studio album entitled \\\"Time in Place\\\" that charted on two \\\"Billboard\\\" charts. Artifex Pereo are from Louisville, Kentucky, and they formed as a band in 2009. The band name originates from the phrase \\\"Qualis artifex pereo\\\", Roman emperor Nero's famous last words. In Latin this translates to \\\"what an artist dies with me\\\", \\\"artifex\\\" meaning artist and \\\"pereo\\\" meaning perishes. In April 2014,\",\n \"title\": \"Artifex Pereo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15346502\",\n \"text\": \"it that it is Moses who does not know, meaning that the Israelites will ask him the name in order to prove his credentials), and just what the statement means. The last can be approached in three ways: In her Open Yale Course, Lecture 7, Chapter 5 (\\\"Descriptions of God in the Bible\\\"), professor Christine Hayes considers the possibilities and is tempted to read \\\"Ehyeh asher ehyeh\\\" as God's reluctance to tell Moses his name: Moses says: May I say who sent me? He asks for God’s name. The Israelites will want to know who has sent me, and God\",\n \"title\": \"I Am that I Am\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5807217\",\n \"text\": \"Chicano movement particularly clear when he authored an article in the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\", titled, \\\"Who Is A Chicano? And What Is It the Chicanos Want?\\\" In this piece, Salazar not only describes the evolving identity of Chicanos and the historic importance of the movement, but he details his frustration with the lack of Mexican-American representation among the elected representatives in the Los Angeles city council. Salazar writes, \\\"Mexican-Americans, though large in numbers, are so politically impotent that in Los Angeles, where the country's largest single concentration of Spanish-speaking live, they have no one of their own on the City\",\n \"title\": \"Ruben Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19518209\",\n \"text\": \"Eulalia Abaitua Allende-Salazar Eulalia de Abaitua y Allende-Salazar or Eulalia Abaitua (25 January 1853 – 16 September 1943) lived in Barcelona, Liverpool and London before becoming an early Spanish photographer based in the Basque port of Bilbao. Her work is now a resource of early Basque culture. Allende-Salazar was born in Bilbao in 1853. Shortly after her birth her mother died and she adopted her name. She and her two siblings were split up and she was the only one to remain in the care of her father. He arranged for her to attend a school near Barcelona called \\\"Sagrado\",\n \"title\": \"Eulalia Abaitua Allende-Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2620965\",\n \"text\": \"and compared it with the eating habits of the US and the most developed countries during that period, some identified it as the \\\"Diet of the Poor\\\". According to the famed Portuguese gastronomist who met with Keys, Portugal was included in their observations and studies, and according to their conversation, Keys considered Portugal had the most pure \\\"Mediterranean\\\" diet. However, Salazar, the dictator of Portugal, did not want the name of Portugal included in what he understood as the diet of the poor. Still today the name of the diet is not consensual among Portuguese gastronomists. After the Mediterranean diet\",\n \"title\": \"Mediterranean diet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1511355\",\n \"text\": \"municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 6.9% over the last decade. The meaning of the name Sør-Varanger comes from the name of the large Varangerfjorden (Old Norse: \\\"Ver(j)angr\\\") on the northern shore of the municipality. The first part is \\\"ver\\\" meaning \\\"fishing village\\\" and the last part is \\\"angr\\\" which means \\\"fjord\\\". It was first probably used for the narrow fjord on the inside of Angsnes which now is called \\\"Meskfjorden\\\" and leads into Varangerbotn. \\\"Sør\\\" means \\\"south\\\" in Norwegian. Prior to 1918, the name was spelled \\\"Sydvaranger\\\" (also meaning \\\"South Varanger\\\"). Before 1964, there also\",\n \"title\": \"Sør-Varanger\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11162717\",\n \"text\": \"the questions asked by [Beilis'] lawyer\\\". Rebekah Marks Costin's account in Robert Garber's \\\"Jews on Trial\\\" quotes the key exchange of the trial which served to destroy Pranaitis' credibility: Q: What is the meaning of the word \\\"Hullin\\\" [animals permissible as food]?A: I don't know.Q: What is the meaning of the word \\\"Erubin\\\" [Sabbath walking limits]?A: I don't know.Q: What is the meaning of the word \\\"Yebamot\\\" [family relationships]?A: I don't know.Q: When did \\\"Baba Batra\\\" live and what was her activity?A: I don't know. The last question \\\"was fatal once it was tactfully explained to the jury. Baba Batra\",\n \"title\": \"Justinas Pranaitis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7380170\",\n \"text\": \"Panoplosaurus Panoplosaurus (meaning \\\"completely armoured lizard\\\") is a genus of nodosaurid dinosaur. It was one of the last known nodosaurids, living during the Late Cretaceous in what is now North America; fossils have been located in Alberta, Canada. The first fossil was found in 1917 by Charles M. Sternberg in Quarry 8, near Little Sandhill Creek. The type species \\\"Panoplosaurus mirus\\\" was named by Lawrence M. Lambe in 1919. The generic name is derived from Greek \\\"pan\\\", \\\"completely\\\" and \\\"hoplon\\\", \\\"armour\\\". The specific name means \\\"wondrous\\\" in Latin. This holotype, CMN 2759, was discovered in the Dinosaur Park Formation dating\",\n \"title\": \"Panoplosaurus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14318322\",\n \"text\": \"to suggest. With an Indian military operation imminent, Salazar ordered Governor General Manuel Vassalo e Silva to fight to the last man and adopt a scorched earth policy. Eventually, India launched Operation Vijay in December 1961 to evict Portugal from Goa, Daman and Diu. 31 Portuguese soldiers were killed in action, and the Portuguese Navy frigate NRP \\\"Alfonso de Albuquerque\\\" was destroyed, before General Vassalo e Silva surrendered. Salazar forced the general into exile for disobeying his order to fight to the last man and surrendering to the Indian Army. Statements deploring India's resort to force in Goa, Daman, and\",\n \"title\": \"António de Oliveira Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20846887\",\n \"text\": \"Eurasian hobby as '' (pronounced as \\\"kobus\\\"). As a personal name or a nickname, Kobuz (Russian: Кобуз, Кобузь) is found in written sources of the region of the Oka river, particularly the area of Ryazan. However, it is uncertain what status the family's progenitor had, while the Kobuzev family appears by the late 15th — early 16th ceturies in the surviving written sources already with their last name and members of the local landed aristocracy. The earliest Kobuzev mentioned so far was 'Vasily Ananyin syn Kobuzev' (meaning: \\\"Vasily, son of Ananiy of the Kobuzev family\\\"), mentioned in 1491 as a\",\n \"title\": \"Kobuzev family\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4806527\",\n \"text\": \"the last of Parsuram, thus the name - sahastra + ram, making the name as Sahastraram. Sasaram was originally named Shah Serai (meaning \\\"Place of King\\\") as it is the birthplace of the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, who ruled over Delhi, much of northern India, what is now Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan for five years, after defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun. Many of Sher Shah Suri's governmental practices were adopted by the Mughals and the British Raj including taxation, administration, and the building of a paved road from Kabul to Bengal. Sher Shah Suri's red sandstone tomb, built in\",\n \"title\": \"Sasaram\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20530621\",\n \"text\": \"first element of the name is the name of the river Glåma and the last element is \\\"os\\\" meaning the \\\"starting point of a river\\\". The river Glåma is considered to start near here at the end of the lake Aursunden. Glåmos (municipality) Glåmos is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county in Norway. The short-lived municipality existed from 1926 until its dissolution in 1964. It was located in the northwestern part of what is now the municipality of Røros in Trøndelag county. It included all the area around the headwaters of the river Glåma and the areas surrounding\",\n \"title\": \"Glåmos (municipality)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4040520\",\n \"text\": \"The Zandvoort circuit near Amsterdam provided Prost with his second win of the year, ahead of Piquet and Jones. Reutemann and Laffite took each other out on lap 18, meaning that Piquet now led the Drivers' Championship by virtue of having more wins than Reutemann. In a race of attrition, only ten cars were classified at the end, with Chilean rookie Eliseo Salazar finishing sixth in an Ensign and thus scoring his first point in Formula One. The second Italian and last European race of the year, the Italian Grand Prix, returned to the historic Monza circuit just outside Milan\",\n \"title\": \"1981 Formula One World Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16886337\",\n \"text\": \"Princesa Sugehit Ernestina Sugehit Salazar Martínez (born June 25, 1980) is a Mexican \\\"luchadora\\\" (Spanish for \\\"professional wrestler\\\") who is best known under the ring name Princesa Sugehit. She is working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying a \\\"ruda\\\"/heel (\\\"bad guy\\\") wrestling character. Her name has appeared differently in different publications, even her employer CMLL has not always spelled her name consistently, it has appeared as \\\"Princesa Sujei\\\", \\\"Princesa Sugey\\\", 'Princesa Sujey\\\", \\\"Princesa Sugeth\\\", \\\"Princesa Sugehit\\\" and variations thereof. Salazar was a fan of professional wrestling or lucha libre from a young age\",\n \"title\": \"Princesa Sugehit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18239870\",\n \"text\": \"share this last name: Bakulin Bakulin (; masculine) or Bakulina (; feminine) is a Russian last name. There are two theories regarding the origins of this last name. According to the first one, it is a variety of the last name Abakumov, which is derived from a patronymic, itself derived from various forms of the Christian male first name Avvakum. However, it is also possible that this last name is related to the last name Bakunin, both of which derive from dialectal Russian words \\\"\\\" (\\\"bakulya\\\") and \\\"\\\" (\\\"bakunya\\\"), meaning, depending on the dialect, \\\"chatterbox\\\", \\\"talkative person\\\" or \\\"agile, business-like\",\n \"title\": \"Bakulin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16919172\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Insomniac\\\" is the second feature film directed by Monty Miranda. His first film, Skills Like This (which stars Spencer Berger, who plays Andrew Booker in \\\"The Insomniac\\\"), won the award for Best Narrative Feature at the South by Southwest film festival. Salazar came up with the idea for the script when he caught someone breaking into his house after a scheduled meeting was canceled. Although nothing happened to him or his house, Salazar didn't sleep at all, thinking about what could've happened if he went to the meeting. On a radio interview, Salazar revealed that he couldn't sleep profoundly\",\n \"title\": \"The Insomniac (2013 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10690446\",\n \"text\": \"Kyung Kyung, also spelled Kyoung, Gyeong, Kyeong, or Kyong, is an uncommon Korean family name, as well as a single-syllable Korean given name and an element in many two-syllable Korean given names. The 2000 South Korean Census found 15,784 people with the family name Kyung. It may be written with either of two different hanja. Those with the name meaning \\\"scenery\\\" () may belong to one of two different \\\"bon-gwan\\\": Haeju, South Hwanghae, in what is today North Korea, and Taein (泰仁). There is only one \\\"bon-gwan\\\" for the other Kyung surname, meaning \\\"celebration\\\" (): Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, in what is\",\n \"title\": \"Kyung\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4172372\",\n \"text\": \"2005, Salazar competed in the inaugural race of the Grand Prix Masters, as a late replacement for Alan Jones. In 2006 he raced in both GPM races in Qatar and England. In 2007, Salazar moved to the N4-class of the , the Chilean Rally Championship, driving a Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX, and was 5th in his first year at the N4-Class with a car of the ING Team. His last international project is to race the Lisboa-Dakar rally, with the objective of being the first driver to have raced in the Monaco Grand Prix, the Le Mans 24 Hours, the\",\n \"title\": \"Eliseo Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16023971\",\n \"text\": \"floor. 66. Kawengo meaning the spirit of a deceased woman. 67. Kayando meaning a sufferer, trouble. 68. Kayawe meaning a cunning person. 69. Kayongo meaning the spirit of a deceased man. 70. Kathzungo (Kazungo) meaning noise or racket. Name of the 22nd Mbunda King who was installed by the Portuguese colonialists, after abducting King Mwene Mbandu I Lyondthzi Kapova, the 21st Monarch of Mbundaland in what is now Angola. 71. Kufuna meaning to and fro. (Not Mbunda by origin but used today). 72. Kalunga meaning God. 73. Kuunga meaning to gather. 74. Kuvangu, see Kawengo. 75. Lifuti meaning country. Name\",\n \"title\": \"Mbunda language\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2724910\",\n \"text\": \"27:25.61, and at Paris (27:29.06). Salazar enjoyed success in cross country competition, earning several All American honors in collegiate and post-collegiate national championships. Salazar was also the U.S. national cross country champion in 1979. He fared well at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, finishing second in 1982 and fourth in 1983. His silver medal in 1982 marks the last time an American male reached the podium in World Cross Country. In addition to a fourth-place finish (only one second behind the top three placers) at the 1983 world cross country championships, Salazar twice broke the American 10 km road\",\n \"title\": \"Alberto Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3315107\",\n \"text\": \"guajillo chili peppers, as well as pozole and white menudo . One important beverage sold here is ponche. It has been made for generations in Comala with at least twenty families currently involved in its production although there are thought to be more who produce it clandestinely. The drink has been given a certification of the name so that products called “ponche de Comala” must be from the area, similar to tequila. Ramon Salazar Salazar was one of the pioneers in the making of ponche, and his son Ramiro Salazar Trujillo is still involved into the craft. Ponche has been\",\n \"title\": \"Comala\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3289031\",\n \"text\": \"El Progreso was known as \\\"Guastatoya\\\" or \\\"Huastatoya\\\", derived from Nahuatl \\\"huäxyötl\\\" or \\\"huäxin\\\" (\\\"calabash\\\") and \\\"atoyac\\\" (\\\"last\\\"), meaning the last place that calabashes grow, a reference to the change in altitude that occurs in the department, and corresponding climatic change from cold to hot. The Spanish colonial \\\"corregimiento\\\" of San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán was established in 1551 with its seat in the town of that name, in what is now the eastern portion of the modern department. Most of the area of the modern department fell within the corregimiento of Chiquimula. Acasaguastlán was one of few pre-conquest centres of population\",\n \"title\": \"El Progreso Department\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12075378\",\n \"text\": \"Kelsey (given name) Kelsey Is a unisex given name of English origin. The name most probably derives from an Old English given name \\\"Ceolsige\\\", which meant \\\"ship's victory\\\", or it could be a place name meaning \\\"Cenel's island\\\". \\\"Cenel's Island\\\" is a combination of the Old English word \\\"cenel\\\", meaning \\\"fierce\\\", and \\\"eg\\\", meaning island. Kelsey was the 201st most popular name for girls born in the United States in 2007. It was among the top 50 most popular names for girls there in the 1990s. It was last ranked among the top 1,000 most common names for boys there\",\n \"title\": \"Kelsey (given name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18239869\",\n \"text\": \"Bakulin Bakulin (; masculine) or Bakulina (; feminine) is a Russian last name. There are two theories regarding the origins of this last name. According to the first one, it is a variety of the last name Abakumov, which is derived from a patronymic, itself derived from various forms of the Christian male first name Avvakum. However, it is also possible that this last name is related to the last name Bakunin, both of which derive from dialectal Russian words \\\"\\\" (\\\"bakulya\\\") and \\\"\\\" (\\\"bakunya\\\"), meaning, depending on the dialect, \\\"chatterbox\\\", \\\"talkative person\\\" or \\\"agile, business-like person\\\". The following people\",\n \"title\": \"Bakulin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20435790\",\n \"text\": \"Gadāʼī must have been born no later than 1360 and later served at the court of Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza at over 90 years of age. The poet is referred to as \\\"Gadāʼī\\\" by Navāʼi, and in the one manuscript of his divans, as \\\"Gadā\\\". This name, meaning \\\"beggar\\\", is understood to be a pen name. It is not known what his given name may have been. Gadāʼī wrote a divan, or collection of poems, in what would now be considered the pre-classical Chaghatay literary language. At the time, this language was known as \\\"Türkī\\\", meaning \\\"Turkish\\\" or \\\"Turkic\\\". Rustamov highlights\",\n \"title\": \"Gadāʾī\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19274182\",\n \"text\": \"Shades (comics) Hernan Enrique Salazar \\\"Shades\\\" Alvarez is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the father of Victor Alvarez and is frequently seen with his partner in crime Comanche. The character's birth name came as a change to the character in the Netflix series \\\"Luke Cage\\\", where he is played by Theo Rossi. No explanation has been given for why he uses what is presumably his mother's surname, Álvarez, instead of his father's, Sálazar. Shades first appeared in \\\"Luke Cage, Hero for Hire\\\" #1 and was created by Archie Goodwin and George\",\n \"title\": \"Shades (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20973701\",\n \"text\": \"all, what I call non-figurative music... And then I worked with what I called meta-music, music about music. And this last stage I work with what I call existentialist music. And that is a music without any specific meaning. Without any specific goal. And without any specific technique or will to get to something, some result of any kind. It is just like life, I think. You walk around and look at things and you wonder what they are and what their meaning is, and you don't always find out.” Jan W. Morthenson Jan W. Morthenson (b. April 7, 1940\",\n \"title\": \"Jan W. Morthenson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16886346\",\n \"text\": \"Show, Sugehit lost her mask in a lucha de apuestas two out of three falls against Zeuxis, revealing herself as Ernestina Sugehit Salazar Martinez with 21 years experience in the sport. On June 16, 2017, WWE announced Sugehit as part of the Mae Young Classic. On August 28, Sugehit defeated Kay Lee Ray in the first round.<ref name=\\\"MaeYoungClassic28/08/17\\\"></ref> On September 4, Sugehit was eliminated in the second round by Mercedes Martinez.<ref name=\\\"MaeYoungClassic04/09/17\\\"></ref> Princesa Sugehit Ernestina Sugehit Salazar Martínez (born June 25, 1980) is a Mexican \\\"luchadora\\\" (Spanish for \\\"professional wrestler\\\") who is best known under the ring name Princesa Sugehit.\",\n \"title\": \"Princesa Sugehit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12042866\",\n \"text\": \"the Sufi tradition, it has a meaning similar to \\\"charisma\\\". The Hebrew cognate is \\\"berakhah\\\". The Biblical name Baruch is the Hebrew cognate; see Book of Baruch for an instance of the name. The name is sometimes written differently in different countries; for example, the last name of singer Shakira (a Lebanese-Colombian) is Mebarak. When an Arabic name is used in other languages, the patronymic is often rendered as a last name. In other contexts, Mubarak is a proper last name (e.g., cricket player Jehan Mubarak). Mubarak (name) Mubarak () is an Arabic given name. A variant form is Baraka\",\n \"title\": \"Mubarak (name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6324800\",\n \"text\": \"name Kullu derives from the word \\\"Kulant Peeth\\\", meaning \\\"end of the habitable world\\\". As per legends, during the Great Flood, Manu visited this valley, but was unable to cross the Rohtang pass. He named the last settlement he found as Kulant Peeth, and chose to settle and meditate in what has now become the town of Manali (Manu's Place). The name further devolved into \\\"Kulut\\\", as the kingdom was known for a long time; before finally being known by the current name of Kullu or Kulu. The Buddhist pilgrim monk Xuanzang visited the Kullu Valley in 634 or 635\",\n \"title\": \"Kullu\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18751407\",\n \"text\": \"Colonia García Ginerés; Hacienda Tecoh covered what now makes up Colonia San José Tecoh, Colonia Castilla Cámara, Colonia Mercedes Barrera, Cinco Colonias and the Fraccionamiento Zacil Ha; Hacienda San Isidro is now Colonia Melitón Salazar; Hacienda San Diego Azcorra is now Colonia Azcorra, Colonia Miraflores, Colonia Unidad Habitacional Morelos, Colonia Morelos Oriente and Colonia Salvador Alvarado Sur; Hacienda Wallis is now Colonia Chuminópolis and Colonia La Esperanza; Haciendas Petcanché and Hacienda Chichí Suárez are now Colonia Jesús Carranza, Colonia Miguel Alemán, and Colonia Chichí Suárez, just to name a few. The wealth from the boom paid for city streets as\",\n \"title\": \"Haciendas of Yucatán\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"557650\",\n \"text\": \"song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student's head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song. Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw\",\n \"title\": \"Hogwarts\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17876777\",\n \"text\": \"2015, Salazar joined the cast of the musical adaptation of Ned Vizzini's \\\"Be More Chill\\\" as Michael Mell at the Two River Theater in Red Bank, New Jersey. The production closed on June 28, 2015. In 2016, Salazar played Michael in the Off-Broadway revival of \\\"Tick, Tick... Boom!\\\", which opened on October 20, 2016 at the Acorn Theatre at Theater Row. The production ran from October 20 to December 18. In 2017, Salazar played the characters of Grover and Mr. D in the Off-Broadway premiere of \\\"The Lightning Thief\\\".<ref name=\\\"playbill.com/lightning\\\"></ref> The limited production ran from March 23 to May 6.\",\n \"title\": \"George Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12977874\",\n \"text\": \"the United States Geological Survey, and other federal agencies overseen by the Interior Department. Salazar was one of two Hispanics in the Cabinet, along with Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis of California. (There were three, but on January 4, 2009, Democratic New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson withdrew his name from the appointment of Secretary of Commerce). Salazar is the second Hispanic Interior Secretary after Manuel Lujan, Jr., who held the post from 1989 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush. Several prominent environmentalist groups are wary of Salazar, noting his strong ties with the coal and mining industries. Kieran\",\n \"title\": \"Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13805530\",\n \"text\": \"common surname among Roma people. Due to several censuses made in the Kingdom of Castile during the 14th and 15th centuries, every Castilian subject was forced to take a name and two surnames. The Roma, who used to call themselves only by a first name, decided to take established surnames to add prestige to their families. They chose from among the oldest noble families, usually of Basque origin, thus it is extremely common to find Roma with surnames such as Heredia, Salazar, Mendoza, or Montoya. It is also one of several hundred surnames on a list produced by the Spanish\",\n \"title\": \"Salazar (surname)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6575677\",\n \"text\": \"buddy Marines was killed while he served an 8-year sentence for robbery. Upon his release, Tupi promptly returned to his old haunts where he chastised the younger members of OVS for failing to take care of business, meaning kill a list of people he had passed down through the \\\"prison information network\\\" before his release. Prime on his list of people to kill was Mary Lou Davila Salazar, the woman he deemed responsible for Marines' murder. During a series of meetings with the most promising Eme recruits from OVS, Tupi warned the youngsters to stay off of the street Salazar\",\n \"title\": \"OVS (gang)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5143440\",\n \"text\": \"Fifth Youth Foundation. She and her husband have now returned to San Antonio. Dr. Bill Cade and his wife Elsa received a Generosity of Spirit Award from the Association of Fundraising Professionals, Calgary at a National Philanthropy Day in Nov. 2010 in Calgary. Elsa Cade, under the name TexMex, spurred the blogosphere to focus on ShelterBox and their urgent need to send shelter and life-saving equipment to Haiti. The blog raised $130,000 to help 1,300 disaster survivors in just a matter of days in March 2010. Elsa Salazar Cade Elsa Salazar Cade (born 1952) is an award-winning Mexican American science\",\n \"title\": \"Elsa Salazar Cade\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"873201\",\n \"text\": \"different periods of the 20th century. Max Salazar traces the word back to the early 1930s, when Ignacio Piñeiro composed \\\"Échale salsita\\\", a Cuban \\\"son\\\" protesting tasteless food. While Salazar describes this song as the origin of \\\"salsa\\\" meaning \\\"danceable Latin music\\\", Ed Morales describes the usage in the same song as a cry from Piñeiro to his band, telling them to increase the tempo to \\\"put the dancers into high gear\\\". Morales claims that later in the 1930s, vocalist Beny Moré would shout \\\"salsa\\\" during a performance \\\"to acknowledge a musical moment's heat, to express a kind of cultural\",\n \"title\": \"Salsa music\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3224065\",\n \"text\": \"Czech, German and Bulgarian, names literally meaning \\\"Iron Gates\\\" are used to name the entire range of gorges. These names are (, , , , , and \\\"Železni vrata\\\"). An alternative Romanian name for the last part of the route is \\\"Defileul Dunării\\\", literally \\\"Danube Gorge\\\". In Serbian, the gorge is known as \\\"Đerdap\\\" (Ђердап; ), with the last part named \\\"Đerdapska klisura\\\" (Ђердапска клисура; , meaning Đerdap Gorge) from the Byzantine Greek Κλεισούρα (kleisoura), \\\"enclosure\\\" or \\\"pass.\\\" Both Đerdap and former Serbian name for it, Demir-kapija, are Turkish in origin. Demir-kapija means \\\"iron gate\\\" (\\\"demirkapı\\\") and a translation of\",\n \"title\": \"Iron Gates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13338386\",\n \"text\": \"Archdiocese and Honorary Chaplain of His Holiness. On September 7, 2004, Salazar was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Los Angeles and Titular Bishop of \\\"Nesqually\\\" by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following November 4 from Roger Cardinal Mahony, with Bishops Gabino Zavala and Gustavo Garcia-Siller, M.Sp.S., serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto: \\\"Do What Jesus Tells You\\\" (). In 2005, the Archdiocese learned that in 2002 civil authorities had investigated a claim that Salazar had been accused of sexual misconduct with a minor in the 1990s and decided not to prosecute him.\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3878708\",\n \"text\": \"but also because they realized that the insurgents now dared to attack military forces and not just defenseless civilians. On 11 April, the Minister of National Defense Júlio Botelho Moniz - discontent with the attitude of Prime Minister Salazar regarding the Overseas policy and the conflict in Angola - leads a \\\"coup d'état\\\" attempt, which however fails. Following the aborted \\\"coup\\\" and now realizing that the conflict in Angola was more serious than what was initially thought, Prime Minister Salazar dismisses Botelho Moniz and assumes himself the Defense portfolio. On 13 April, Salazar speaks on television about the situation in\",\n \"title\": \"Angolan War of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14172715\",\n \"text\": \"Narrative Feature at the South by Southwest film festival. Salazar came up with the idea for the script when he caught someone breaking into his house after a scheduled meeting was canceled. Although nothing happened to him or his house, Salazar didn't sleep at all, thinking about what could've happened if he went to the meeting. On a radio interview, Salazar revealed that he couldn't sleep profoundly for two weeks due to the ambient sounds outside his house, fearing that someone was trying to break in again. This led to the writing of the script. The movie also stars \\\"Danny\",\n \"title\": \"Monty Miranda\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10516156\",\n \"text\": \"or more hyphens, a practice applied also to the English name \\\"God\\\", which Jews commonly write as \\\"G-d\\\". Most Jewish authorities say that this practice is not obligatory for the English name. Kabbalistic tradition holds that the correct pronunciation is known to a select few people in each generation, it is not generally known what this pronunciation is. In late kabbalistic works the tetragrammaton is sometimes referred to as the name of \\\"Havayah\\\"—, meaning \\\"the Name of Being/Existence\\\". This name also helps when one needs to refer specifically to the written Name; similarly, \\\"Shem Adonoot\\\", meaning \\\"the Name of Lordship\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Tetragrammaton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18090496\",\n \"text\": \"Seon (Korean name) Seon, also spelled Sun, is an uncommon Korean family name, as well as an element in Korean given names. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it. As a family name, Seon may be written with either of two hanja, one meaning \\\"to announce\\\" () and the other meaning \\\"first\\\" (). Each has one \\\"bon-gwan\\\": for the former, Boseong, Jeollanam-do, and for the latter, Jinseong, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, both in what is today South Korea. The 2000 South Korean census found 38,849 people with these family names. In a study by the National Institute of\",\n \"title\": \"Seon (Korean name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13982508\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. Census Abo is an uncommon first name but a fairly common last name for both men and women; ranking 53,205 out of 88,799. Abo (name) Abo is an Arabic and Hebrew male name and a variant form of Abbas. It is from \\\"Abbas\\\" that \\\"Abo\\\" takes its meaning of \\\"stern\\\" or \\\"somber father\\\". In Arabic, Abbas is a symbolic name referring to the lion, the king of beasts. The variant used in the Russian language as a Christian name is \\\"\\\" (\\\"Abo\\\"). It is possible that the Russian name was derived from the Biblical Hebrew word meaning \\\"father\\\", but\",\n \"title\": \"Abo (name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2992631\",\n \"text\": \"a tattoo of the star constellation Carina, after which Carina realizes he is her father. Barbossa sacrifices his life to protect Carina from an approaching Salazar. Following these events, Carina takes up the last name Barbossa. Barbossa was chosen by IGN's Orlando Parfitt as his 13th top fantasy villain. Hector Barbossa Captain Hector Barbossa is a fictional character in the \\\"Pirates of the Caribbean\\\" film series, portrayed by Australian actor Geoffrey Rush. Barbossa appears in all films of the series. Starting out as a villainous undead pirate in \\\"\\\" (2003), the character dies at the end of the film. However,\",\n \"title\": \"Hector Barbossa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14675891\",\n \"text\": \"to determine the cause of the disaster.<ref name=\\\"CBS/AP\\\"></ref> On May 27 the United States Department of the Interior issued a press release stating that Salazar would issue a 6-month offshore drilling (below of water) moratorium in the area. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar ordered immediate inspections of all deep-water operations in the Gulf of Mexico. An Outer Continental Shelf safety review board within the Department of the Interior is to provide recommendations for conducting drilling activities in the Gulf. In a May 30 announcement of the limitation Salazar said: It was challenged by several drilling and oil services companies.\",\n \"title\": \"2010 United States deepwater drilling moratorium\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13287996\",\n \"text\": \"and his mother will move there, and depart from his life. There is a bit of word play in the book's title in English, \\\"Monk's Hood\\\". First is what seems the most direct meaning, the ground up root of the plant in the liniment that gets used as a poison in food, the plant having the common name from the appearance of its flower. It refers to another plot element as well, the monk's hood that briefly hides the untonsured head of the innocent boy who is the number one suspect for the sergeant. Last, it is the symbol of\",\n \"title\": \"Monk's Hood\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15660126\",\n \"text\": \"at the \\\"Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal\\\". Between 1475 and 1518, he oversaw the building of the Hôtel de Sens, which thereafter served as the Paris residence of the Archbishop of Sens. He improved Sens Cathedral by commissioning the windows of the Last Judgment and the life of Saint Stephen. He added a memorial chapel dedicated to his parents in 1510. During the campaign against Genoa, he acquired a foot of Saint Stephen that he donated to the cathedral. Tristan de Salazar Étienne Tristan de Salazar (c.1431 – February 11, 1518) was the Archbishop of Sens from 1475 to 1518. Étienne Tristan\",\n \"title\": \"Tristan de Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14721328\",\n \"text\": \"the plans of Apalache, Guale and San Marcos, as references on what he had done. None of these changes corresponded to the original plans, which meant that he had rejected the orders of the Crown in the construction of the castle. Governor Cabrera made a series of investigations that concluded the numbers of materials and structures carried out in St. Augustine by Hita y Salazar, and those that he indicated to have done in the castle. The reports did not coincide. Cabrera's engineers found many errors in the structures that Hita y Salazar had ordered to be built, especially some\",\n \"title\": \"Pablo de Hita y Salazar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1474961\",\n \"text\": \"been discussed for decades, and the most used interpretation is that it originally was the name of the inlet now called Vågen, which was the original site of the city, on the east shore of the bay. The first element of the name is \\\"stafr\\\" meaning 'staff' or 'branch'. This could refer to the form of the inlet, but also to the form of the mountain Valberget (\\\"Staven\\\" meaning 'the staff,' is a common name of high and steep mountains in Norway). The last element is \\\"angr\\\" meaning 'inlet, bay'. Facing the North Sea, Stavanger has always been economically dependent\",\n \"title\": \"Stavanger\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16183077\",\n \"text\": \"Othón Salazar Othón Salazar Ramírez (1924–2008) was a Mexican normal school teacher and revolutionary. He was born in Alcozauca de Guerrero, Guerrero State on May 17, 1924 and died in Tlapa de Comonfort, Guerrero State on December 4, 2008. The son of parents who operated a bakery, Othón worked from an early age, but also went to school. In 1942, Othón started attending the Oaxtepec Normal School. There, the teachers saw the last flashes of the Mexican Revolution, leaving them with many social concerns. He completed only the first year in Oaxtepec. He did his second year in the Ayotzinapa\",\n \"title\": \"Othón Salazar\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":73,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"74"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who was a in pretty little liars episode"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Mona Vanderwaal","Sara Harvey","CeCe Drake","Alex Drake"],"string":"[\n \"Mona Vanderwaal\",\n \"Sara Harvey\",\n \"CeCe Drake\",\n \"Alex Drake\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"16998897","text":"of the \"A-Team\" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as \"A.D.\", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, \"A.D.\" reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer. \"A\" makes appearances as a figure with black leather gloves, a black hoodie, black pants, and black combat boots. Throughout the seasons, the story","title":"A (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20227866","text":"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars) Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". She was officially introduced in the episode \"Till Death Do Us Part\", revealed to be Spencer Hastings' identical twin sister as well as the elusive \"A.D.\". Alex believed the Liars knew who was accountable for Charlotte Drake's homicide and also she impersonates Spencer due to being jealous of the upbringing that she was able to have. She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her, forcing Alex to","title":"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20227980","text":"punch, except for the punch she used to knock Spencer out. The idea that Alex wants to single white female Spencer because she’s jealous that Spencer won the parent lottery — which is really saying something about that lousy orphanage, considering Mr. Hastings’s whole deal — is not exactly all that original or exciting of a concept.\" Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars) Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". She was officially introduced in the episode \"Till Death Do Us Part\", revealed to","title":"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19369684","text":"Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars) Red Coat is a fictional character on the television show \"Pretty Little Liars,\" which was adapted from the book series of same name. Introduced during the second-season finale, she became the primary antagonist of the third and fourth seasons. In the second-season finale \"UnmAsked\", the first \"A\" is revealed to be Mona Vanderwaal, who wanted revenge on the Liars for not preventing Alison's bullying and slowly distancing Hanna away from her. During a fight with Spencer, Mona ends up falling off a cliff and is then found by the authorities and admitted to the Radley","title":"Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"16130495","text":"Pretty Little Liars (season 3) The third season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 5, 2012 on ABC Family and concluded on March 19, 2013. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes. Filming of the season began on April 2, 2012. On October 4, 2012, ABC Family renewed the series for a fourth season, consisting of 24 episodes. This season of Pretty Little Liars takes place five months following the discovery that Mona Vanderwaal (Janel Parrish) was the","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 3)"},{"docid":"19346034","text":"Where Somebody Waits for Me \"Where Somebody Waits for Me\" is the sixteenth episode of \"Pretty Little Liars\"' sixth season, and the 136th episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on February 16, 2016. The episode was directed and written by executive producer and frequent collaborator Joseph Dougherty. In the episode, new relationships cause confusion and tense moments. The Liars start to investigate Sara Harvey, while themselves being investigated by Detective Tanner. Upon its initial airing, the episode yielded 1.36 million viewers and a 0.7 demo rating, up from the previous episode, and received","title":"Where Somebody Waits for Me"},{"docid":"14201329","text":"featuring the cast and executive producer King discussing the series ending. On September 25, 2017, Freeform announced that a second spin-off series, titled \"\", had been ordered, with Pieterse and Parrish reprising their roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal respectively. On May 14, 2018, Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season, set to air in 2019. In a 2018 panel, Parrish said that some plot points created in \"Pretty Little Liars\" will be resolved during the spin-off. Set in the small suburban town of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, the series follows the lives of five girls: Spencer Hastings,","title":"Pretty Little Liars"},{"docid":"19346043","text":"ever, enjoying the ride all the same.\" Where Somebody Waits for Me \"Where Somebody Waits for Me\" is the sixteenth episode of \"Pretty Little Liars\"' sixth season, and the 136th episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on February 16, 2016. The episode was directed and written by executive producer and frequent collaborator Joseph Dougherty. In the episode, new relationships cause confusion and tense moments. The Liars start to investigate Sara Harvey, while themselves being investigated by Detective Tanner. Upon its initial airing, the episode yielded 1.36 million viewers and a 0.7 demo rating,","title":"Where Somebody Waits for Me"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"16998897\",\n \"text\": \"of the \\\"A-Team\\\" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as \\\"A.D.\\\", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, \\\"A.D.\\\" reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer. \\\"A\\\" makes appearances as a figure with black leather gloves, a black hoodie, black pants, and black combat boots. Throughout the seasons, the story\",\n \"title\": \"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20227866\",\n \"text\": \"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars) Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". She was officially introduced in the episode \\\"Till Death Do Us Part\\\", revealed to be Spencer Hastings' identical twin sister as well as the elusive \\\"A.D.\\\". Alex believed the Liars knew who was accountable for Charlotte Drake's homicide and also she impersonates Spencer due to being jealous of the upbringing that she was able to have. She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her, forcing Alex to\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20227980\",\n \"text\": \"punch, except for the punch she used to knock Spencer out. The idea that Alex wants to single white female Spencer because she’s jealous that Spencer won the parent lottery — which is really saying something about that lousy orphanage, considering Mr. Hastings’s whole deal — is not exactly all that original or exciting of a concept.\\\" Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars) Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". She was officially introduced in the episode \\\"Till Death Do Us Part\\\", revealed to\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19369684\",\n \"text\": \"Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars) Red Coat is a fictional character on the television show \\\"Pretty Little Liars,\\\" which was adapted from the book series of same name. Introduced during the second-season finale, she became the primary antagonist of the third and fourth seasons. In the second-season finale \\\"UnmAsked\\\", the first \\\"A\\\" is revealed to be Mona Vanderwaal, who wanted revenge on the Liars for not preventing Alison's bullying and slowly distancing Hanna away from her. During a fight with Spencer, Mona ends up falling off a cliff and is then found by the authorities and admitted to the Radley\",\n \"title\": \"Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16130495\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 3) The third season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 5, 2012 on ABC Family and concluded on March 19, 2013. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes. Filming of the season began on April 2, 2012. On October 4, 2012, ABC Family renewed the series for a fourth season, consisting of 24 episodes. This season of Pretty Little Liars takes place five months following the discovery that Mona Vanderwaal (Janel Parrish) was the\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19346034\",\n \"text\": \"Where Somebody Waits for Me \\\"Where Somebody Waits for Me\\\" is the sixteenth episode of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\"' sixth season, and the 136th episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on February 16, 2016. The episode was directed and written by executive producer and frequent collaborator Joseph Dougherty. In the episode, new relationships cause confusion and tense moments. The Liars start to investigate Sara Harvey, while themselves being investigated by Detective Tanner. Upon its initial airing, the episode yielded 1.36 million viewers and a 0.7 demo rating, up from the previous episode, and received\",\n \"title\": \"Where Somebody Waits for Me\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14201329\",\n \"text\": \"featuring the cast and executive producer King discussing the series ending. On September 25, 2017, Freeform announced that a second spin-off series, titled \\\"\\\", had been ordered, with Pieterse and Parrish reprising their roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal respectively. On May 14, 2018, Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season, set to air in 2019. In a 2018 panel, Parrish said that some plot points created in \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" will be resolved during the spin-off. Set in the small suburban town of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, the series follows the lives of five girls: Spencer Hastings,\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19346043\",\n \"text\": \"ever, enjoying the ride all the same.\\\" Where Somebody Waits for Me \\\"Where Somebody Waits for Me\\\" is the sixteenth episode of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\"' sixth season, and the 136th episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on February 16, 2016. The episode was directed and written by executive producer and frequent collaborator Joseph Dougherty. In the episode, new relationships cause confusion and tense moments. The Liars start to investigate Sara Harvey, while themselves being investigated by Detective Tanner. Upon its initial airing, the episode yielded 1.36 million viewers and a 0.7 demo rating,\",\n \"title\": \"Where Somebody Waits for Me\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"20219828","text":"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars) \"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the series finale of \"Pretty Little Liars\", which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017. The twentieth episode of the seventh season and the 160th overall, it was directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, who also co-wrote the episode alongside Kyle Bown and Maya Goldsmith. Shortly after the two-hour final episode, a special titled \"A-List Wrap Party\" was aired, in which the main cast and King talked about the show's end and behind-the-scenes exclusives. In this episode, the Liars finally","title":"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19676415","text":"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars) \"Wanted: Dead or Alive\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on August 2, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-sixth episode on the series, it was directed by Bethany Rooney and written by Lijah J. Barasz. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 1.10 million viewers. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as Liars, who receive anonymous messages in","title":"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19920781","text":"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars) \"UnmAsked\" is the season finale and the twenty-fifth episode of the second season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", which premiered on ABC Family on March 19, 2012. The forty-seventh episode overall, it was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by series creator and showrunner I. Marlene King. The episode yielded 3.69 million viewers and a 1.6 demo rating, an increase from the previous episode. It also received favorable reviews. This episode is rated TV-14. Set chronologically in April 2011, the episode revolves around the Liars approaching to the truth of who's behind \"A\"'s mask, while the","title":"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"17937523","text":"times during \"Pretty Little Liars\" Season 1 finale.” Teresa Lopez of \"TV Fanatic\" praised Brendan Robinson’s character for bring Caleb back to Rosewood and called the episode ‘‘entertaining, although somewhat unsatisfying.” For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written","title":"For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19701322","text":"The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars) \"The Wrath of Kahn\" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on August 23, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-ninth episode, it was written by Jonell Lennon and directed by Chad Lowe. \"The Wrath of Kahn\" received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 1.09 million viewers, down from the previous episode. It received positive reviews from critics. This episode is rated TV-14. The series revolves around a group of five women—collectively known as Liars—,","title":"The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20360290","text":"Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an upcoming American teen drama television series developed by I. Marlene King. The series is a sequel to \"Pretty Little Liars\" and based on the novel \"The Perfectionists\" by Sara Shepard. Freeform ordered the series to pilot on September 25, 2017, as the second spin-off series of \"Pretty Little Liars\" which will include some of the main characters. Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season on May 14, 2018. Freeform ordered the show to pilot on September 25, 2017, as a sequel to \"Pretty Little Liars\"","title":"Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists"},{"docid":"19648420","text":"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars) \"Along Comes Mary\" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on July 16, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-fifth episode on the series, it was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Bryan M. Holdman. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.17 million viewers. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as Liars, whose receive anonymous messages in form","title":"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20116265","text":"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars) \"Playtime\" is the eleventh episode of \"Pretty Little Liars\" seventh season and the 151st episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on April 18, 2017. The installment was directed by Chad Lowe and written by Allyson Nelson and Joseph Dougherty. Upon its original airing in the United States, the episode was watched by 1.33 million people. In the aftermath of Spencer's (Troian Bellisario) shooting, things get messy in the Hastings residence when Veronica (Lesley Fera) reveals things about the family's past. Meanwhile, the Liars struggle with their own personal problems,","title":"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18080667","text":"up the mysterious new show Ravenswood than advancing the plot of Pretty Little Liars.\" Lopez further added that the episode fell short of the \"great background information coupled with a spooky story\" in the season two Halloween special, \"First Secret\", and the \"wild ride with an shocking final surprise\" in the previous Halloween special, \"This Is a Dark Ride\". Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars) \"Grave New World\" is the 13th episode of the fourth season of the American mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". It originally aired on October 22, 2013 on ABC Family and serves as the season's","title":"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20776616","text":"Wide Shut\" apothecary get-up\". Escape from New York was broadcast on June 10, 2014. It was watched by 2.72 million viewers, scoring a 1.1 rating in the 18-49 demographic. Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars) \"Escape from New York\" is the first episode and the premiere of the fifth season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\" and the 96th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on June 10, 2014 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.72 viewers. The episode","title":"Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19701328","text":"saying he really enjoyed the episode. Jessica Goldstein of \"Vulture\" gave the episode 3 out of 5 stars. Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV said he \"enjoyed the episode\" and that \"every character had some good moment\". \"The Wrath of Kahn\" currently holds a 8.7/10 rating on IMDb and a 8.2/10 rating on TV.com. The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars) \"The Wrath of Kahn\" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on August 23, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-ninth episode, it was written by","title":"The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19676427","text":"and some of the characters had better material than the last episode (looking at you Spencer).\" Jessica Goldstein of \"Vulture\" gave the episode three out of 5 stars. The episode currently holds a 8.1/10 rating on TV.com and 8.5/10 rating on IMDb. Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars) \"Wanted: Dead or Alive\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on August 2, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-sixth episode on the series, it was directed by Bethany Rooney and written by Lijah J.","title":"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"17916487","text":"Pretty Little Liars (season 5) The fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 10, 2014. Shooting for the season began on March 24, 2014, and ended on November 20, 2014. The season aired from June 10, 2014 to March 24, 2015. Like the second season, the season consisted of 25 episodes, including a special holiday-themed episode, instead of a Halloween episode which was written by I. Marlene King and her assistant Kyle Bown and was directed by King. It also contained the 100th episode and the episode was","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"},{"docid":"20781641","text":"Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars) \"Now You See Me, Now You Don't\" is the twelfth episode of the fourth season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\" and the 83th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and Bryan M. Holdman and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on August 27, 2013 on ABC Family and was watched by 3.33 viewers. Teresa Lopez of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.5 out of 5 stars rating, commenting: \"It was night of huge reveals, but it's","title":"Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18080649","text":"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars) \"Grave New World\" is the 13th episode of the fourth season of the American mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". It originally aired on October 22, 2013 on ABC Family and serves as the season's Halloween episode, which aired as part of the \"13 Nights of Halloween\" programming block. The episode was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Joseph Dougherty, Oliver Goldstick and I. Marlene King. The episode also serves as a backdoor pilot to the series’ spinoff \"Ravenswood\", which follows a group of people investigating the supernatural occurrences in the titular town.","title":"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20776592","text":"Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars) \"Escape from New York\" is the first episode and the premiere of the fifth season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\" and the 96th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on June 10, 2014 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.72 viewers. The episode opens with paramedics loading Ezra into an ambulance. Noel is being questioned by the police. Noel claims that he heard the gunshot and ran to the rooftop and found","title":"Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20163757","text":"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars) \"Power Play\" is the fourteenth episode of \"Pretty Little Liars\"' seventh season, which was originally aired on May 9, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The installment was directed by Roger Kumble and written by Lijah J. Barasz. It received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, up from the previous episode. This episode is rated TV-14. Alison’s (Sasha Pieterse) turn at the game forces her to make a drastic decision to abort her child but is haunted when \"A.D.\" reminds her of when she was in the psychiatric hospital","title":"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20163764","text":"the several revelations depicted in it. Power Play (Pretty Little Liars) \"Power Play\" is the fourteenth episode of \"Pretty Little Liars\"' seventh season, which was originally aired on May 9, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The installment was directed by Roger Kumble and written by Lijah J. Barasz. It received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, up from the previous episode. This episode is rated TV-14. Alison’s (Sasha Pieterse) turn at the game forces her to make a drastic decision to abort her child but is haunted when \"A.D.\" reminds her of when","title":"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19280704","text":"Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars) \"Charlotte's Web\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season and the 132nd episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The episode was broadcast on 19 January 2016. It was written by Jonell Lennon and Lijah J. Barasz and directed by Joanna Kerns. As the girls overcome the shock of Charlotte's death, Alison (Sasha Pieterse) enlists Lorenzo (Travis Winfrey) to find the murderer. Aria (Lucy Hale) begins to look guilty as she returns to Boston a day earlier than she was supposed to; before she leaves, Hanna (Ashley Benson) tells her","title":"Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"14201343","text":"was announced on June 10, 2014 that \"Pretty Little Liars\" was renewed for two seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original hit series. On August 29, 2016, I.Marlene King announced that \"Pretty Little Liars\" would be ending after the seventh season had aired. The second half of the seventh season will begin airing later than previous season, in April instead of January. \"Pretty Little Liars\" opened with mixed reviews. Metacritic gave the pilot episode 52 out of 100, based upon 14 critical reviews. The New York \"Daily News\" gave the show a positive review, commenting that it \"makes","title":"Pretty Little Liars"},{"docid":"19648432","text":"she had with Jenna too.\" Jessica Goldstein of \"Vulture\" gave the episode 2 out of 5 stars. Caitlin White of \"Wetpaint\" had favorable feelings on the episode and in the seventh season overall, alleging, \"this wild ride isn’t slowing down anytime soon.\" The episode currently holds an 8.5/10 rating on TV.com and 8/10 rating on IMDb. Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars) \"Along Comes Mary\" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on July 16, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-fifth episode on","title":"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20116275","text":"keep us distracted.\" \"SpoilerTV\" Gavin Hetherington wrote for the episode an uplifting review, stating that \"[the show is] going to take the final stretch of episodes in a very interesting direction.\" He also glorified the series' writer's work on Spencer's story line as Mary Drake's daughter. Playtime (Pretty Little Liars) \"Playtime\" is the eleventh episode of \"Pretty Little Liars\" seventh season and the 151st episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on April 18, 2017. The installment was directed by Chad Lowe and written by Allyson Nelson and Joseph Dougherty. Upon its original airing","title":"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19602479","text":"Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars) \"Bedlam\" is the second episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on June 28, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The episode was written by Joseph Dougherty and directed by Tawnia McKiernan. The episode focuses on the protagonists growing suspicious of Elliott as Ali's condition worsens. Spencer and Caleb's relationship is on the rocks. Liam helps Aria and Ezra on their book. Hanna and Jordan's engagement falls down, and Hanna signs a contract with Lucas to construct a fashion company. \"Bedlam\" yielded 1.24 million viewers and a","title":"Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18035543","text":"praised Lesley Fera’s character for showing good parenting when confronted with Spencer’s addiction. Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars) \"Free Fall\" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", an American mystery drama television series based on the novel series written by Sara Shepard, and is the ninety-first episode of the series. The episode, directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Maya Goldsmith, originally aired on February 18, 2014 on ABC Family. In the episode, Spencer is ready to tell Aria that Ezra is \"A\", while Hanna and Emily, worried that Aria will be hurt, remain hesitant.","title":"Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18035536","text":"Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars) \"Free Fall\" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", an American mystery drama television series based on the novel series written by Sara Shepard, and is the ninety-first episode of the series. The episode, directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Maya Goldsmith, originally aired on February 18, 2014 on ABC Family. In the episode, Spencer is ready to tell Aria that Ezra is \"A\", while Hanna and Emily, worried that Aria will be hurt, remain hesitant. Meanwhile, Spencer’s addiction to amphetamines is exposed, causing damage to her credibility among","title":"Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19280712","text":"show's new direction for \"slowly but surely, becoming the reboot the series and the fans deserve.\" Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars) \"Charlotte's Web\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season and the 132nd episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The episode was broadcast on 19 January 2016. It was written by Jonell Lennon and Lijah J. Barasz and directed by Joanna Kerns. As the girls overcome the shock of Charlotte's death, Alison (Sasha Pieterse) enlists Lorenzo (Travis Winfrey) to find the murderer. Aria (Lucy Hale) begins to look guilty as she returns to Boston","title":"Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"17937516","text":"For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by I. Marlene King. In the episode, the girls plan to expose Ian as Alison's murderer after finding video files of them changing in their rooms. Meanwhile, each of the girls","title":"For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20219853","text":"or exciting of a concept.\" \"Till Death Do Us Part\" was viewed by 1.41 million viewers upon its first broadcast, acquiring a 0.7 Nielsen rating/share among the 18–49 demographic. It was second most watched episode of the season, and was slightly up from the sixth-season finale a year ago. This episode is rated TV-14. The \"A-List Wrap Party\" special was watched by 0.62 millions viewers. Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars) \"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the series finale of \"Pretty Little Liars\", which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017.","title":"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"17916505","text":"viewers. On Rotten Tomatoes the fifth season got a rating of 80% fresh based on 5 reviews. Pretty Little Liars (season 5) The fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 10, 2014. Shooting for the season began on March 24, 2014, and ended on November 20, 2014. The season aired from June 10, 2014 to March 24, 2015. Like the second season, the season consisted of 25 episodes, including a special holiday-themed episode, instead of a Halloween episode which was written by I. Marlene King and her assistant","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"},{"docid":"19813490","text":"than a roomful of Radley patients, and yet, here it was. You gotta love it.\" On the other side, the episode received a unfavorable review from Paul Dailly, from \"TVFanatic\", who labeled it as \"one of the weakest finales to date.\" He added, \"[the episode] was far from perfect. At this stage, a lot of the reveals felt cheap. We still have 10 episodes left, and we need answers before it's too late. Waiting until April is going to be a drag.\" The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars) \"The Darkest Knight\" is tenth episode of the seventh season of the","title":"The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"16863889","text":"write the web series by ABC Family, however the crew behind \"Pretty Little Liars\" was also used with the web series. The web series introduced Aeriél Miranda as Shana in the television series. None of the series regulars from \"Pretty Little Liars\" appears in the web series. The episodes would become available each Tuesday on ABC Family's website from August 28, 2012, after the summer finale of the third season, as a way to tide viewers over until the Halloween special. The eighth and final episode was released on October 16, 2012. Cast members from \"Pretty Little Liars\" appearing in","title":"Pretty Dirty Secrets"},{"docid":"14891589","text":"it, and that's not a bad thing at all.\" Pilot (Pretty Little Liars) \"Pilot\" is the series premiere of the mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". It introduces each of the main characters, as well as establishes the basic premises of the series. The episode aired on June 8, 2010 on ABC Family. In the episode, the main characters find themselves apprehensive one year after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis. When Aria Montgomery returns to Rosewood, she rediscovers her old friends and secrets of the past begin to haunt them. Alison's body is then found in her former home, and","title":"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"14891576","text":"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars) \"Pilot\" is the series premiere of the mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". It introduces each of the main characters, as well as establishes the basic premises of the series. The episode aired on June 8, 2010 on ABC Family. In the episode, the main characters find themselves apprehensive one year after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis. When Aria Montgomery returns to Rosewood, she rediscovers her old friends and secrets of the past begin to haunt them. Alison's body is then found in her former home, and after the funeral, the girls receive a frightening anonymous","title":"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18484087","text":"Jordan's 2nd single \"Get This Party Rockin (ft HP)\" was featured in Season 4, Episode 5 of the Netflix series \"Orange Is the New Black\" which aired June 17, 2016, as well as in the movie trailer for \"Best Night Ever\" that hit theaters January 2014. Her song \"Partypocalypse\" was also featured on ABC Family's TV series \"Pretty Little Liars\" on the Episode entitled \"Fresh Meat\", which aired on January 13, 2015. Djoir and Janel Parrish, who stars in \"Pretty Little Liars\", were both co-lead singers in a girl group called Impulse in 2003. In 2014, Djoir Jordan received nominations","title":"Djoir"},{"docid":"19920791","text":"Bates wannabe, the lair where 'A' did all her dirty work. The \"Psycho\" references were heavy-handed, to say the least, but they were also pretty fun. For those of us who appreciate soapy teen thrillers and Alfred Hitchcock, it was nice to see a little overlap.\" \"Unmasked\" was watched by 3.69 million Americans and scored a 1.6 Nielsen rating/share in the adults among 18–49 demographic. It was up both viewers and adults 18–49, respectively, from the previous episode, \"If These Dolls Could Talk\", which netted 2.47 million American viewers and a 1.0 Nielsen rating/share. UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars) \"UnmAsked\" is","title":"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20219846","text":"wrapped in October 26, marking it the last day of filming for \"Pretty Little Liars\" ever. Scenes at the set for the fictional Lost Woods Resort were filmed. On August 29, 2016, King and the principal cast of the series announced that \"Pretty Little Liars\" was ending after the seventh season. King also announced that it would start airing the second half of the season later than usual, in April 2017 and that the series finale would be a two-hour episode event. On October 26, 2016, it was reported that a tell-all special would be aired after the series finale,","title":"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19369701","text":"Alison was alive in the episode \"Grave New World\" as one of the best moments of the series. The reveal of the third Red Coat received mostly negative reviews, with many feeling discomfort over Sara being officially introduced so late into the series. However, \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s Isabella Biedenharn deemed the best moment of \"Game Over, Charles\" the scene where Emily punches Sara in the face for her betrayal. Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars) Red Coat is a fictional character on the television show \"Pretty Little Liars,\" which was adapted from the book series of same name. Introduced during the second-season","title":"Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20163762","text":"starting to die.\" Paul Dailly from \"TV Fanatic\" said the episode \"was the jolt of life the series needed,\" commenting that \"[the episode] was great. It was a shocking episode that gave us some much-needed reveals.\" In addition to praising costume and episode references, Rebecca Kurson from the \"Observer\" commented: \"The show has just two more episodes to add back some fantastic styles with the increasingly knotted plot.\" Lauren Busser from \"Tell-Tale TV\" website gave the episode a 3.5 out of 5 stars rating. Eliza Thompson from \"Cosmopolitan\" wrote, \"Plot-wise, \"Pretty Little Liars\" is one of the crazier shows on","title":"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"19813481","text":"The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars) \"The Darkest Knight\" is tenth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery–thriller television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The installment was directed by Arlene Sanford and written by showrunner I. Marlene King and executive producer Maya Goldsmith. It premiered on August 30, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. Spencer calls 911 to report Hanna's abduction. At the same time, Hanna uses a knife to get some of Noel's blood to send to a DNA lab. Aria, Alison, Emily, Mona, Caleb and Spencer team up with the Rosewood P.D. to find Hanna. Detective Furey","title":"The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"15573222","text":"DiLaurentis knew). Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the \"Pretty Little Liars\" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret","title":"Pretty Little Liars (novel)"},{"docid":"15573218","text":"Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the \"Pretty Little Liars\" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret feelings for","title":"Pretty Little Liars (novel)"},{"docid":"19602495","text":"review for “Bedlam”, commenting: “So, definitely more of a transitional episode, with the mission being more to shed light on certain things rather than move the plot forward in any significant way. While episodes like this can often be meh, this one wasn’t, simply because the information that we did get was so juicy and the acting was rock solid across the board. Pretty much everyone in the main cast got a chance to shine, each getting their own moment at some point, which was nice, so I can’t complain.” Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars) \"Bedlam\" is the second episode of","title":"Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"14075427","text":"\"Pretty Little Liars\". This made her one of the first in the cast, alongside Chad Lowe, to direct an episode on the series. Bellisario started dating \"Suits\" star Patrick J. Adams after they met on the set of the play \"Equivocation\" in 2009. The couple briefly split, but after Adams' guest appearance as Hardy in \"Pretty Little Liars\", 2010, the two got back together. Since working on \"Equivocation\" and \"Pretty Little Liars\", the couple also worked together on the 2012 short film \"The Come Up\", on the USA series \"Suits\" in which Adams stars, and the short film \"We Are","title":"Troian Bellisario"},{"docid":"18080661","text":"Back at Ravenswood, Miranda and Caleb discover a grave marker with Caleb's name and image on it. In March 2013, Pretty Little Liars was renewed for a fifth season and green lighted for a spinoff series, \"Ravenswood\", which would premiere in October of that year. “Grave New World” was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Joseph Dougherty, Oliver Goldstick and I. Marlene King. Filming for the episode took place over a 10-day time span, beginning on May 31, 2013 and concluding on June 10, 2013. The episode was filmed in between filming for the eighth episode, “The Guilty Girl’s","title":"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18034949","text":"Pretty Little Liars will get to the point like Bones or Chuck did, where the main serial conceit will wear itself out so much that A will have to be unmasked because that premise gets old. But not just yet\". A Is for Answers \"A Is for Answers\" is the twenty-fourth episode of the fourth season and the ninety-fifth episode of the ABC Family mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The episode, serving as the fourth-season finale and the winter finale, was broadcast on March 18, 2014. It was directed and written by I. Marlene King and features a guest","title":"A Is for Answers"},{"docid":"19920790","text":"episode 3.5 out of 5 stars, stating, \"What really bothered me about the finale was that despite getting an identity for A, even that revelation wasn't 100% certain. As one of my friends very rightly pointed out, the problem with the show is that it can be so manipulative without being fully satisfying.\" Louis Peitzman of TV.com gave the episode a favorable review, calling it \"\"Pretty Little Liars\" at its finest,\" and writing, \"The build-up to the reveal of Mona as 'A' was appropriately suspenseful. Like the Halloween episode, the finale delivered on the creepy factor: that motel, the Norman","title":"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"16336163","text":"Shane Coffey Shane Coffey is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Holden Strauss in Freeform's \"Pretty Little Liars\". Coffey grew up in Spring, Texas then studied theater at the University of Southern California. He is a founding member of The Casitas Group, an independent theater company started in 2008, alongside Troian Bellisario. Coffey's first acting part was playing Patrick for one episode on \"Summerland\" alongside Jesse McCartney. In January 2012, Coffey joined the recurring cast of \"Pretty Little Liars\" as Holden Strauss, an old friend of Aria's, who becomes her way of covering when she's","title":"Shane Coffey"},{"docid":"18080663","text":"shot but before the first episode for \"Ravenswood\" was shot. \"Grave New World\" originally aired on October 22, 2013, as part of the \"13 Nights of Halloween\" programming special on ABC Family, and was followed by the series premiere of the \"Pretty Little Liars\" spinoff, \"Ravenswood\". The episode marks the third annual Halloween special from the series, each premiering apart from the regular summer and winter seasons. The Halloween themed episode was viewed by 3.18 million viewers, up 14 percent from the previous Halloween special (2.75 million viewers). It was the third most-watched broadcast in the history of programming block","title":"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"13140541","text":"offered Anderson the role of Macy. Anderson was added to the cast of the television series \"Beauty & the Beast\" in March 2012, playing the recurring role of Heather Chandler, Catherine's (Kristin Kreuk) younger sister. In May 2013, it was announced that Anderson had joined \"Ravenswood\", a \"Pretty Little Liars\" spin-off, as Miranda Collins, a foster kid, who relies on her wits to cover her emotional scars.<ref name=\"Ravenswood Cast/\"></ref> Prior to appearing in \"Ravenswood\", Anderson appeared in the \"Pretty Little Liars\" episode \"Grave New World\", introducing her character, Miranda Collins. After the cancellation of \"Ravenswood\", Anderson returned for the third","title":"Nicole Gale Anderson"},{"docid":"10492166","text":"face and her neck is caught between rocks. However, a new \"A\" rises, this time even more determined to hurt the Liars. This A is revealed to be Alison herself who wanted revenge on the Liars for ruining her life and Nick, who is revealed to be her accomplice. Pretty Little Liars (book series) Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls – Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields. The novels have appeared on \"The","title":"Pretty Little Liars (book series)"},{"docid":"19411301","text":"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\" is the twentieth episode and the season finale of the sixth season and 140th episode overall on the Freeform mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The episode was broadcast on March 15, 2016. It was written by the series' showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Ron Lagomarsino. At the beginning of the episode, the girls, Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) and Ezra (Ian Harding) are together after Hanna (Ashley Benson) sends a false message to \"A\", starting her plan to serve as a guinea pig. Aria (Lucy Hale) gets a call from Alison,","title":"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars"},{"docid":"19689356","text":"Original G'A'ngsters \"Original G'A'ngsters\" is the seventh episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on August 9, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-seventh episode of the series, it was directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Kateland Brown. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.16 million viewers, up from the previous episode. It received positive reviews from critics. This episode is rated TV-14. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as Liars, who receive anonymous messages in","title":"Original G'A'ngsters"},{"docid":"18080665","text":"a disappointing outing for the Liars because of the ending, but it was almost a cheap trick to salvage a series full of weak events by pulling the Alison trump card.\" Lindsay Sperling of \"We Got This Covered\" lauded the episode's scenery, saying \"The combination of the less intense tones and the ominous music might be a bit much when considered in the context of multiple episodes but I’d say that the new aesthetic choices are a welcome change, and looked more on par with what Pretty Little Liars generally delivers.\" Caroline Preece of \"Den of Geek\" called the episode","title":"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20360293","text":"same month. On May 14, 2018, the first teaser was released. On June 21, 2018, the first official trailer was released on the Facebook and Instagram pages for the show. Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an upcoming American teen drama television series developed by I. Marlene King. The series is a sequel to \"Pretty Little Liars\" and based on the novel \"The Perfectionists\" by Sara Shepard. Freeform ordered the series to pilot on September 25, 2017, as the second spin-off series of \"Pretty Little Liars\" which will include some of the main characters. Freeform","title":"Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists"},{"docid":"19584422","text":"Tick-Tock, Bitches \"Tick-Tock, Bitches\" is the first episode of the seventh season of Freeform mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", and the 141st episode overall. It aired in the United States on June 21, 2016, serving as the season premiere. The episode was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by showrunner I. Marlene King. The episode is rated TV-14. In the episode, the Liars and company found themselves caught by a trap set by A, who kidnapped Hanna and held her captive. Meanwhile, Mary begins to settle into Rosewood and Elliott's still trying to keep Alison trapped inside the","title":"Tick-Tock, Bitches"},{"docid":"19696044","text":"Exes and OMGs \"Exes and OMGs\" is the eighth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on August 16, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-eighth episode, it was directed by Kimberly McCullough and written by Charlie Craig. \"Exes and OMGs\" received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.11 million viewers, down from the previous episode. It received positive reviews from critics. This episode is rated TV-14. The series revolves around a group of five women—collectively known as Liars—, who receive anonymous messages in the","title":"Exes and OMGs"},{"docid":"20211082","text":"Weekly\" gave the episode a B+ letter rating. Choose or Lose \"Choose or Lose\" is the eighteenth episode of the seventh season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", and the show's 158th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 13, 2017. The episode was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Charlie Craig. In this episode, the Liars finally discover that Aria (Lucy Hale) has been working with 'A.D.' after Mona (Janel Parrish) investigated on Aria. Lieutenant Tanner (Roma Maffia) returns to Rosewood to work on the Dunhill's homicide case, quickly targeting the Liars on","title":"Choose or Lose"},{"docid":"19411311","text":"views and a 0.7 in the 18-49 demo. The episode is the season finale with the lowest audience in the series. Jeremy Rodriguez from \"The Young Folks\" wrote that the episode was a \"little over-the-top\", stating \"that what makes \"Pretty Little Liars\" so great.\" Rodriguez also ranked the episode with a rating of 10/10. Paul Dailly from \"TV Fanatic\" said that \"the show is heading in an interesting direction.\" Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV gave the episode a mixed review, noting that shippers of the show will love the episode for bringing several ships back together. He wrote critically that \"the","title":"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars"},{"docid":"20211073","text":"Choose or Lose \"Choose or Lose\" is the eighteenth episode of the seventh season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", and the show's 158th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 13, 2017. The episode was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Charlie Craig. In this episode, the Liars finally discover that Aria (Lucy Hale) has been working with 'A.D.' after Mona (Janel Parrish) investigated on Aria. Lieutenant Tanner (Roma Maffia) returns to Rosewood to work on the Dunhill's homicide case, quickly targeting the Liars on her radar. Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) and Hanna (Ashley","title":"Choose or Lose"},{"docid":"20219831","text":"demographic. The total viewership and ratings for this episode were slightly up in comparison to the previous episode and the sixth-season finale a year ago. At night, the Liars are shown at an establishment discussing the fact that the truth about who was behind Uber A's mask never came out. Lucas appears in a white tuxedo tap dancing, while Jenna is riding a horse. The girls begin to talk about random and funny things until snow starts to fall from the sky and it is revealed that the previous scenes were the product of Mona's imagination, who is holding a","title":"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"14647616","text":"\"\" and booked several national commercials. Mitchell guest starred in the Global series \"Rookie Blue\" and appeared in the music video for \"Hold My Hand\" by Jamaican rapper Sean Paul. In 2010, Mitchell appeared in a four-episode arc on the Disney XD series \"Aaron Stone\" as cheerleader Irina Webber. In December 2009, Mitchell was cast in the ABC Family (now Freeform) planned adaptation of the book series \"Pretty Little Liars\". Initially, Mitchell auditioned for the role of Spencer Hastings.n January 2010, \"Pretty Little Liars\" was picked up by ABC Family. The series centers on four friends up against an anonymous","title":"Shay Mitchell"},{"docid":"14201347","text":"but a little patience might be warranted.\" Since the series premiere, \"Pretty Little Liars\" has remained popular. In 2016, a \"New York Times\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that the show's \"popularity is tilted toward women more than any other show in the data — over 94 percent of 'likes' come from women\". The series earned its highest rated episode with 4.20 million total viewers, ranking among ABC Family's top 5 telecasts in adult viewers 18–34, total viewers and women viewers. The highest rated episodes include season one's finale, with 3.64 million, and","title":"Pretty Little Liars"},{"docid":"20185223","text":"Driving Miss Crazy \"Driving Miss Crazy\" is the seventeenth episode of the seventh season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", and the show's 157th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 6, 2017. It was co-written by executive producer Oliver Goldstick and Francesca Rollins, and directed by Goldstick. They had previously worked on the ninth episode of the sixth season. In this episode, Mona (Janel Parrish) teams up with the Liars to investigate on Alison's pregnancy and on the Liars' Lament board game. Ezra (Ian Harding) and Aria (Lucy Hale) discuss their marriage, while Caleb","title":"Driving Miss Crazy"},{"docid":"15461435","text":"Robinson, and Julian Morris, who will all reprise their roles from the first season. Annabeth Gish appears as Anne Sullivan, a therapist whom the girls' parents feel can help them on their problems.Andrea Parker will play Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother, who returns to Rosewood to help out with a fashion show being held in Alison's honour. Actor Drew Van Acker also joined the cast playing Jason DiLaurentis, replacing Parker Bagley. Pretty Little Liars (season 2) The second season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 14, 2011 and concluded","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 2)"},{"docid":"14201328","text":"primarily on social media. On March 26, 2013, a spin-off series was announced, titled \"Ravenswood\", but was canceled after one season. On June 10, 2014, \"Pretty Little Liars\" was renewed for its sixth and seventh seasons. On August 29, 2016, Freeform confirmed that the series would be ending after its seventh season in 2017. Filming of the series officially wrapped on October 26, 2016. The series finale was viewed by an estimated 1.41 million viewers. It had the second-highest rating of any cable TV series that aired that night. The episode was followed by \"A-List Wrap Party\", a live special","title":"Pretty Little Liars"},{"docid":"17916488","text":"written by showrunner I. Marlene King. The promotional poster was released on May 28, 2014. A second promotional poster was released after the hundredth episode was aired, on July 9, 2014. A third promotional poster was released on January 5, 2015, as a promotion for the second half of the fifth season, which began the day after the release of the poster. It was announced on June 10, 2014 that \"Pretty Little Liars\" was renewed for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series. The fifth season garnered positive reviews from critics and averaged 2.01 million","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"},{"docid":"20227867","text":"bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood. She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series. Her character pays tribute to Alison and Courtney DiLaurentis, characters of the \"Pretty Little Liars\" book series. Bellisario was cast as Spencer Hastings, in November 2009. Alex is Spencer's identical twin sister, whose existence was unknown until the series' final episode. During an interview to \"Elle\", Bellisario disclosed that Marlene King, the show's creator, was planning to introduce Spencer's twin since 2014, when the show's fifth season began airing. She also commented that King was initially","title":"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18301699","text":"Rosewood (Pretty Little Liars) Rosewood is the fictional setting for both the \"Pretty Little Liars\" book series and the \"Pretty Little Liars\" television series. The fictional city is suggested to be loosely based on West Chester, Pennsylvania. Rosewood was founded by William W. Rosewood. As a Main Line town, it has a long history of prestige associated with the railroad industry of the 1800s. Majority of the residents are in the upper class and many families, such as the Hastings, have had significant wealth dating back to the 1800s. The town consists of farms, cornfields, and pastures, and barns converted","title":"Rosewood (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18651112","text":"Aguire was cast as Liam Greene, Aria's new boyfriend, and that Australian actor David Coussins will recur as Jordan, Hanna's fiancé. On July 21, 2015, it was announced that one more recurring character will be introduced, the smart and sleek Yvonne, a politician's daughter who will cause some major drama for one of the Liars. It was later announced that Kara Royster will play Yvonne Phillips, Toby's new love interest, first appearing in the fourteenth episode. It was reported by \"TVLine\" on June 23, 2015, that Blake Berris will appear in one episode in the second half of the season.","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 6)"},{"docid":"2583105","text":"of the same name. However, that version of the show never made it to air. (ABC later made a version featuring Combs's former \"Charmed\" co-star Alyssa Milano.) In 2010, Combs was cast in the Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\" as Ella Montgomery, the mother of one of the main characters, Aria Montgomery (played by Lucy Hale). Combs was a series regular for the first three seasons, but became credited as a special guest star from season four onwards. \"Pretty Little Liars\" ended after seven seasons, and Combs returned for the show's final episode on June 27, 2017. Combs and Doherty","title":"Holly Marie Combs"},{"docid":"20219850","text":"it was just beautiful justice here. No more loser Mona. She won this one.\" Carolina Preece of Den of Geek disliked the episode, but praised the show as a whole, writing, \"At it's best, \"Pretty Little Liars\" was a Taylor Swift song, a Hitchcock movie, a philosophy lecture and a soap opera all at once. It was somehow about fluid identities, self-actualisation and how the patriarchy is crushing us all at the same time as being about fashion and dating.\" She also glorified Mona character, titling it \"the best thing the show ever did.\" Some television critics were welcoming towards","title":"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20781642","text":"always necessary to take the show's revelations with a grain of salt lest we be fooled again\". Lindsay Sperling of \"TV.com\" slated: \"Everyone’s worlds are about to take a turn for the creepy when Ravenswood turns into ground zero for World War ‘A.’\". Now You See Me, Now You Don't was broadcast on August 27, 2013. It was watched by 3.33 million viewers, scoring a 1.4 rating in the 18-49 demographic. Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars) \"Now You See Me, Now You Don't\" is the twelfth episode of the fourth season of the American mystery","title":"Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"17916499","text":"of ABC Family's \"25 Days of Christmas\" programming event on December 9, 2014. ABC Family announced that they would air a special behind-the-scenes halloween episode where the cast of \"Pretty Little Liars\" would be interviewed and answering questions from fans. It was announced that the show would return with its winter premiere and remaining 12 episodes, which began airing on January 6, 2015. The fifth season had nine roles receiving star billing, with all of them returning from the previous season, seven of which was part of the original cast from the first season. The season saw the four protagonists","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"},{"docid":"16998950","text":"against the Liars. However, when Caleb later confronts Jenna about the authorities detecting holes in her allegations, she informs him that the only person who could contradict her side of the story was Noel. Aria is \"A.D.'s\" helper. Aria is given the offer to join the team in \"Power Play\". She accepts in the following episode and begins supplying information to Uber A. After the Liars discover Lucas' graphic novel, Aria is sent by Uber A to retrieve it. Once she delivers it, she is given an \"A\" hoodie in return. She breaks into Alison's house sporting the disguise and","title":"A (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"14201326","text":"Pretty Little Liars Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama mystery thriller television series developed by I. Marlene King and is loosely based on the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four girls whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named \"A\" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets. The series features an ensemble cast, headed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings, Lucy Hale as Aria Montgomery, Ashley Benson","title":"Pretty Little Liars"},{"docid":"19676416","text":"the form of threats from an unknown person, while they struggle to survive a life with danger. In this episode, the Rosewood P.D. is getting closer to finding out what really happened to Elliott Rollins, while the Liars work together to discover who was Rollins' partner in crime. Aria (Lucy Hale) and Ezra (Ian Harding) must deal with their awkward relationship. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) and Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) move on, while Hanna (Ashley Benson) finally reveals that she's not engaged anymore. Someone is murdered inside the Radley Hotel for playing in the wrong team. The morning after the previous episode,","title":"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"14075421","text":"praise for her leading performance in the film \"Consent\" for which she won the Vision Fest Award for Best Acting by a Female Lead and the FirstGlance Philadelphia Award for Best Actress. In 2009, Bellisario landed the lead role of Spencer Hastings in the Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\" (2010–2017). For her performance, she has won two Teen Choice Awards out of six nominations and a Young Hollywood Award. In addition to her work on \"Pretty Little Liars\", Bellisario also starred in the WIGS episode series \"Lauren\", for which she received critical acclaim and won the New York Film Festival","title":"Troian Bellisario"},{"docid":"17159783","text":"fun at one point, but trying to keep track of who's in or out with A is an exhausting exercise that rarely yields satisfying results anymore\". Framke commented further \"But the thing about Pretty Little Liars is that when it's good, it is a fever dream. It's at its most fun when it breezes past the big picture, gets lost in its own illusions, and lets a talking parrot steal the spotlight.\" Pretty Little Liars (season 4) The fourth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 4)"},{"docid":"17159774","text":"Pretty Little Liars (season 4) The fourth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The season consisted of 24 episodes, which were filmed between March 14, 2013 and November 2, 2013. The season concluded its broadcast on March 18, 2014. The season continues from where it left off in the third-season finale, where the girls were rescued from the burning building by who they believe is Alison. The girls begin looking for answers that could lead to Alison's whereabouts while dealing with the aftermath of Detective Wilden's","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 4)"},{"docid":"16998955","text":"her into meeting him. He sent her the text \"The Apple Rose Grille at closing time. Go alone or Caleb pays. -A\" to find out this information from her about the new \"A\". Shana pretended to be \"A\" to attack the Liars in New York. She donned a black hoodie and attacked them at the coffee shop, only to end up shooting Ezra instead, who had found out her identity. In the following episode, she continued to hunt down the Liars, and sent a group of black hoodies to trick them. The black hoodies used the alias \"A\" during their","title":"A (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"16863890","text":"the web series: <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Pretty Dirty Secrets Pretty Dirty Secrets is an American mystery web series from the television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The web series takes place between the events of the series' third season episodes, \"The Lady Killer\" and \"This Is a Dark Ride\". It is set in a Rosewood's costume store as the residents of Rosewood prepared for Halloween. The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson. Kyle Bown, the assistant to \"Pretty Little Liars\" showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing","title":"Pretty Dirty Secrets"},{"docid":"16863888","text":"Pretty Dirty Secrets Pretty Dirty Secrets is an American mystery web series from the television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The web series takes place between the events of the series' third season episodes, \"The Lady Killer\" and \"This Is a Dark Ride\". It is set in a Rosewood's costume store as the residents of Rosewood prepared for Halloween. The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson. Kyle Bown, the assistant to \"Pretty Little Liars\" showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing staff, were hired to","title":"Pretty Dirty Secrets"},{"docid":"18902371","text":"Of Late I Think of Rosewood \"Of Late I Think of Rosewood\" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season and the 131st episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The episode, serving as the sixth season mid-season premiere, was broadcast on January 12, 2016. It was written by Joseph Dougherty, and directed by Ron Lagomarsino. The episode takes place five years after the events of \"Game Over, Charles\" as the Liars have graduated from high school and college. The episode included a new intro for the show, after using the same intro since the show","title":"Of Late I Think of Rosewood"},{"docid":"18080666","text":"\"average\" and opined that the episode \"might have been the weakest Halloween special yet. \" Elizabeth SanFilippo of Examiner.com gave the episode three out of five stars, writing that \"the final moment of the \"PLL\" special was what made this episode worth watching.\" \"The A.V. Club\"'s Caroline Siede gave the episode a C+, finding the “slow and atmospheric” pace of the special unfitting for the series while praised the Liars' costumes, Spencer's in particular. Teresa Lopez of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the Halloween-themed episode two and a half stars (out of five), calling it \"a disappointing follow-up, spending more time setting","title":"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"16998922","text":"a fight with Aria who discovered her identity and Charlotte later fell off a platform and escaped. In \"A is for Answers\" the Liars are under attack by \"A\" who shoots Ezra Fitz on the rooftop. However, in the fifth-season premiere, the shooter is revealed to be Shana Fring who attempted to kill Alison but was later shoved off a stage by Aria and died from the impact. After all of this, Charlotte fled to France under the Vivian Darkbloom identity to escape custody for Wilden's death but returned. In the series's 100 episode, Charlotte placed a bomb in the","title":"A (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"18748398","text":"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e \"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e\" is the first episode, and the premiere of the fourth season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", and is the 72nd episode overall, which aired on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The episode was written and directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, marking the second episode King has directed for the TV series. In the episode, Aria, Emily, Hanna, and Spencer try to find answers by questioning Mona about her knowledge of \"A\", in addition the Liars deal with different personal problems which they are facing. As","title":"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e"},{"docid":"20133406","text":"These Boots Were Made for Stalking \"These Boots Were Made for Stalking\" is the twelfth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", which aired on April 25, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The 152nd episode overall, it was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Oliver Goldstick. \"These Boots Were Made for Stalking\" received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, a decrease from the previous episode, although received favorable response. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as the Liars, whose","title":"These Boots Were Made for Stalking"},{"docid":"14201342","text":"that the show was renewed for a fourth season, again comprising 24 episodes. The second half of the third season began airing on January 8, 2013 and finished March 19, 2013. \"Pretty Little Liars\" returned for Season 4 on June 11, 2013. On March 25, 2013, it was again announced that \"Pretty Little Liars\" had been renewed for a fifth season scheduled for a 2014 air date and a new spin off show entitled \"Ravenswood\" would begin airing after the season four annual Halloween special in October 2013. The second half of season four premiered on January 7, 2014. It","title":"Pretty Little Liars"},{"docid":"14891587","text":"The New York \"Daily News\" gave the show a positive review, commenting that it \"makes most popular vampire romances look anemic\", while concluding, \"\"Pretty Little Liars\" could go in several directions, including mundane teen clichés. It's got an equally good shot at making us care about these imperfect pretty girls.\" A writer on Terror Hook has stated that \" 'Pretty Little Liars' gets off to a very promising start. Great production all around, the writing keeps the viewer on their toes, and the acting just reinforces it. The overall mystery of the show in the end is dark and unpredictable,","title":"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)"},{"docid":"20767571","text":"The First Secret \"The First Secret\" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of the American mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\" and the 35th episode of the series overall. This episode is a prequel to the series' pilot episode and is set on Halloween 2008, one year before the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis. The episode aired on October 19, 2011 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.47 viewers. On October 28, 2008, Alison narrates a scary story. It’s about two blonde twins, who are shown on screen. After getting into a fight over a doll, one of","title":"The First Secret"},{"docid":"14201344","text":"most popular vampire romances look anemic\", while concluding, \"\"Pretty Little Liars\" could go in several directions, including mundane teen clichés. It's got an equally good shot at making us care about these imperfect pretty girls.\" A writer on Terror Hook has stated that \" 'Pretty Little Liars' gets off to a very promising start. Great production all around, the writing keeps the viewer on their toes, and the acting just reinforces it. The overall mystery of the show in the end is dark and unpredictable, even stepping into the slasher film realm.\" The \"New York Post\" gave the show three","title":"Pretty Little Liars"},{"docid":"18034932","text":"A Is for Answers \"A Is for Answers\" is the twenty-fourth episode of the fourth season and the ninety-fifth episode of the ABC Family mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The episode, serving as the fourth-season finale and the winter finale, was broadcast on March 18, 2014. It was directed and written by I. Marlene King and features a guest appearance from Ryan Merriman, his first since the second-season episode \"The Blond Leading the Blind\", as Ian Thomas, Melissa Hastings' deceased husband who was suspected of killing Alison. In the episode, the girls finally meet up with Alison in Philadelphia","title":"A Is for Answers"},{"docid":"14489038","text":"The WB in 2005 with a different writer. The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006. In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a \"Pretty Little Liars\" television pilot for ABC Family. The novels are being adapted for television by I. Marlene King. ABC Family began casting for a \"Pretty Little Liars\" television pilot in October 2009. Lucy Hale was cast as Aria Montgomery in the project, followed by Troian Bellisario and Ian Harding (as Spencer Hastings and Ezra Fitz, respectively) in November 2009. In December 2009 The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson","title":"Pretty Little Liars (season 1)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"20219828\",\n \"text\": \"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Till Death Do Us Part\\\" is the series finale of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017. The twentieth episode of the seventh season and the 160th overall, it was directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, who also co-wrote the episode alongside Kyle Bown and Maya Goldsmith. Shortly after the two-hour final episode, a special titled \\\"A-List Wrap Party\\\" was aired, in which the main cast and King talked about the show's end and behind-the-scenes exclusives. In this episode, the Liars finally\",\n \"title\": \"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19676415\",\n \"text\": \"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Wanted: Dead or Alive\\\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on August 2, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-sixth episode on the series, it was directed by Bethany Rooney and written by Lijah J. Barasz. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 1.10 million viewers. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as Liars, who receive anonymous messages in\",\n \"title\": \"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19920781\",\n \"text\": \"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"UnmAsked\\\" is the season finale and the twenty-fifth episode of the second season of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which premiered on ABC Family on March 19, 2012. The forty-seventh episode overall, it was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by series creator and showrunner I. Marlene King. The episode yielded 3.69 million viewers and a 1.6 demo rating, an increase from the previous episode. It also received favorable reviews. This episode is rated TV-14. Set chronologically in April 2011, the episode revolves around the Liars approaching to the truth of who's behind \\\"A\\\"'s mask, while the\",\n \"title\": \"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17937523\",\n \"text\": \"times during \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" Season 1 finale.” Teresa Lopez of \\\"TV Fanatic\\\" praised Brendan Robinson’s character for bring Caleb back to Rosewood and called the episode ‘‘entertaining, although somewhat unsatisfying.” For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\\\" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written\",\n \"title\": \"For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19701322\",\n \"text\": \"The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"The Wrath of Kahn\\\" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on August 23, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-ninth episode, it was written by Jonell Lennon and directed by Chad Lowe. \\\"The Wrath of Kahn\\\" received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 1.09 million viewers, down from the previous episode. It received positive reviews from critics. This episode is rated TV-14. The series revolves around a group of five women—collectively known as Liars—,\",\n \"title\": \"The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20360290\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an upcoming American teen drama television series developed by I. Marlene King. The series is a sequel to \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" and based on the novel \\\"The Perfectionists\\\" by Sara Shepard. Freeform ordered the series to pilot on September 25, 2017, as the second spin-off series of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" which will include some of the main characters. Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season on May 14, 2018. Freeform ordered the show to pilot on September 25, 2017, as a sequel to \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19648420\",\n \"text\": \"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Along Comes Mary\\\" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on July 16, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-fifth episode on the series, it was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Bryan M. Holdman. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.17 million viewers. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as Liars, whose receive anonymous messages in form\",\n \"title\": \"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20116265\",\n \"text\": \"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Playtime\\\" is the eleventh episode of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" seventh season and the 151st episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on April 18, 2017. The installment was directed by Chad Lowe and written by Allyson Nelson and Joseph Dougherty. Upon its original airing in the United States, the episode was watched by 1.33 million people. In the aftermath of Spencer's (Troian Bellisario) shooting, things get messy in the Hastings residence when Veronica (Lesley Fera) reveals things about the family's past. Meanwhile, the Liars struggle with their own personal problems,\",\n \"title\": \"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18080667\",\n \"text\": \"up the mysterious new show Ravenswood than advancing the plot of Pretty Little Liars.\\\" Lopez further added that the episode fell short of the \\\"great background information coupled with a spooky story\\\" in the season two Halloween special, \\\"First Secret\\\", and the \\\"wild ride with an shocking final surprise\\\" in the previous Halloween special, \\\"This Is a Dark Ride\\\". Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Grave New World\\\" is the 13th episode of the fourth season of the American mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". It originally aired on October 22, 2013 on ABC Family and serves as the season's\",\n \"title\": \"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20776616\",\n \"text\": \"Wide Shut\\\" apothecary get-up\\\". Escape from New York was broadcast on June 10, 2014. It was watched by 2.72 million viewers, scoring a 1.1 rating in the 18-49 demographic. Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Escape from New York\\\" is the first episode and the premiere of the fifth season of the American mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" and the 96th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on June 10, 2014 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.72 viewers. The episode\",\n \"title\": \"Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19701328\",\n \"text\": \"saying he really enjoyed the episode. Jessica Goldstein of \\\"Vulture\\\" gave the episode 3 out of 5 stars. Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV said he \\\"enjoyed the episode\\\" and that \\\"every character had some good moment\\\". \\\"The Wrath of Kahn\\\" currently holds a 8.7/10 rating on IMDb and a 8.2/10 rating on TV.com. The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"The Wrath of Kahn\\\" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on August 23, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-ninth episode, it was written by\",\n \"title\": \"The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19676427\",\n \"text\": \"and some of the characters had better material than the last episode (looking at you Spencer).\\\" Jessica Goldstein of \\\"Vulture\\\" gave the episode three out of 5 stars. The episode currently holds a 8.1/10 rating on TV.com and 8.5/10 rating on IMDb. Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Wanted: Dead or Alive\\\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on August 2, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-sixth episode on the series, it was directed by Bethany Rooney and written by Lijah J.\",\n \"title\": \"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17916487\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 5) The fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 10, 2014. Shooting for the season began on March 24, 2014, and ended on November 20, 2014. The season aired from June 10, 2014 to March 24, 2015. Like the second season, the season consisted of 25 episodes, including a special holiday-themed episode, instead of a Halloween episode which was written by I. Marlene King and her assistant Kyle Bown and was directed by King. It also contained the 100th episode and the episode was\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20781641\",\n \"text\": \"Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Now You See Me, Now You Don't\\\" is the twelfth episode of the fourth season of the American mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" and the 83th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and Bryan M. Holdman and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on August 27, 2013 on ABC Family and was watched by 3.33 viewers. Teresa Lopez of \\\"TV Fanatic\\\" gave the episode a 4.5 out of 5 stars rating, commenting: \\\"It was night of huge reveals, but it's\",\n \"title\": \"Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18080649\",\n \"text\": \"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Grave New World\\\" is the 13th episode of the fourth season of the American mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". It originally aired on October 22, 2013 on ABC Family and serves as the season's Halloween episode, which aired as part of the \\\"13 Nights of Halloween\\\" programming block. The episode was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Joseph Dougherty, Oliver Goldstick and I. Marlene King. The episode also serves as a backdoor pilot to the series’ spinoff \\\"Ravenswood\\\", which follows a group of people investigating the supernatural occurrences in the titular town.\",\n \"title\": \"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20776592\",\n \"text\": \"Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Escape from New York\\\" is the first episode and the premiere of the fifth season of the American mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" and the 96th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on June 10, 2014 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.72 viewers. The episode opens with paramedics loading Ezra into an ambulance. Noel is being questioned by the police. Noel claims that he heard the gunshot and ran to the rooftop and found\",\n \"title\": \"Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20163757\",\n \"text\": \"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Power Play\\\" is the fourteenth episode of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\"' seventh season, which was originally aired on May 9, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The installment was directed by Roger Kumble and written by Lijah J. Barasz. It received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, up from the previous episode. This episode is rated TV-14. Alison’s (Sasha Pieterse) turn at the game forces her to make a drastic decision to abort her child but is haunted when \\\"A.D.\\\" reminds her of when she was in the psychiatric hospital\",\n \"title\": \"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20163764\",\n \"text\": \"the several revelations depicted in it. Power Play (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Power Play\\\" is the fourteenth episode of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\"' seventh season, which was originally aired on May 9, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The installment was directed by Roger Kumble and written by Lijah J. Barasz. It received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, up from the previous episode. This episode is rated TV-14. Alison’s (Sasha Pieterse) turn at the game forces her to make a drastic decision to abort her child but is haunted when \\\"A.D.\\\" reminds her of when\",\n \"title\": \"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19280704\",\n \"text\": \"Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Charlotte's Web\\\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season and the 132nd episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The episode was broadcast on 19 January 2016. It was written by Jonell Lennon and Lijah J. Barasz and directed by Joanna Kerns. As the girls overcome the shock of Charlotte's death, Alison (Sasha Pieterse) enlists Lorenzo (Travis Winfrey) to find the murderer. Aria (Lucy Hale) begins to look guilty as she returns to Boston a day earlier than she was supposed to; before she leaves, Hanna (Ashley Benson) tells her\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14201343\",\n \"text\": \"was announced on June 10, 2014 that \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" was renewed for two seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original hit series. On August 29, 2016, I.Marlene King announced that \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" would be ending after the seventh season had aired. The second half of the seventh season will begin airing later than previous season, in April instead of January. \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" opened with mixed reviews. Metacritic gave the pilot episode 52 out of 100, based upon 14 critical reviews. The New York \\\"Daily News\\\" gave the show a positive review, commenting that it \\\"makes\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19648432\",\n \"text\": \"she had with Jenna too.\\\" Jessica Goldstein of \\\"Vulture\\\" gave the episode 2 out of 5 stars. Caitlin White of \\\"Wetpaint\\\" had favorable feelings on the episode and in the seventh season overall, alleging, \\\"this wild ride isn’t slowing down anytime soon.\\\" The episode currently holds an 8.5/10 rating on TV.com and 8/10 rating on IMDb. Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Along Comes Mary\\\" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on July 16, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-fifth episode on\",\n \"title\": \"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20116275\",\n \"text\": \"keep us distracted.\\\" \\\"SpoilerTV\\\" Gavin Hetherington wrote for the episode an uplifting review, stating that \\\"[the show is] going to take the final stretch of episodes in a very interesting direction.\\\" He also glorified the series' writer's work on Spencer's story line as Mary Drake's daughter. Playtime (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Playtime\\\" is the eleventh episode of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" seventh season and the 151st episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on April 18, 2017. The installment was directed by Chad Lowe and written by Allyson Nelson and Joseph Dougherty. Upon its original airing\",\n \"title\": \"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19602479\",\n \"text\": \"Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Bedlam\\\" is the second episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on June 28, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The episode was written by Joseph Dougherty and directed by Tawnia McKiernan. The episode focuses on the protagonists growing suspicious of Elliott as Ali's condition worsens. Spencer and Caleb's relationship is on the rocks. Liam helps Aria and Ezra on their book. Hanna and Jordan's engagement falls down, and Hanna signs a contract with Lucas to construct a fashion company. \\\"Bedlam\\\" yielded 1.24 million viewers and a\",\n \"title\": \"Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18035543\",\n \"text\": \"praised Lesley Fera’s character for showing good parenting when confronted with Spencer’s addiction. Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Free Fall\\\" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", an American mystery drama television series based on the novel series written by Sara Shepard, and is the ninety-first episode of the series. The episode, directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Maya Goldsmith, originally aired on February 18, 2014 on ABC Family. In the episode, Spencer is ready to tell Aria that Ezra is \\\"A\\\", while Hanna and Emily, worried that Aria will be hurt, remain hesitant.\",\n \"title\": \"Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18035536\",\n \"text\": \"Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Free Fall\\\" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", an American mystery drama television series based on the novel series written by Sara Shepard, and is the ninety-first episode of the series. The episode, directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Maya Goldsmith, originally aired on February 18, 2014 on ABC Family. In the episode, Spencer is ready to tell Aria that Ezra is \\\"A\\\", while Hanna and Emily, worried that Aria will be hurt, remain hesitant. Meanwhile, Spencer’s addiction to amphetamines is exposed, causing damage to her credibility among\",\n \"title\": \"Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19280712\",\n \"text\": \"show's new direction for \\\"slowly but surely, becoming the reboot the series and the fans deserve.\\\" Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Charlotte's Web\\\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season and the 132nd episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The episode was broadcast on 19 January 2016. It was written by Jonell Lennon and Lijah J. Barasz and directed by Joanna Kerns. As the girls overcome the shock of Charlotte's death, Alison (Sasha Pieterse) enlists Lorenzo (Travis Winfrey) to find the murderer. Aria (Lucy Hale) begins to look guilty as she returns to Boston\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17937516\",\n \"text\": \"For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\\\" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by I. Marlene King. In the episode, the girls plan to expose Ian as Alison's murderer after finding video files of them changing in their rooms. Meanwhile, each of the girls\",\n \"title\": \"For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20219853\",\n \"text\": \"or exciting of a concept.\\\" \\\"Till Death Do Us Part\\\" was viewed by 1.41 million viewers upon its first broadcast, acquiring a 0.7 Nielsen rating/share among the 18–49 demographic. It was second most watched episode of the season, and was slightly up from the sixth-season finale a year ago. This episode is rated TV-14. The \\\"A-List Wrap Party\\\" special was watched by 0.62 millions viewers. Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Till Death Do Us Part\\\" is the series finale of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017.\",\n \"title\": \"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17916505\",\n \"text\": \"viewers. On Rotten Tomatoes the fifth season got a rating of 80% fresh based on 5 reviews. Pretty Little Liars (season 5) The fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 10, 2014. Shooting for the season began on March 24, 2014, and ended on November 20, 2014. The season aired from June 10, 2014 to March 24, 2015. Like the second season, the season consisted of 25 episodes, including a special holiday-themed episode, instead of a Halloween episode which was written by I. Marlene King and her assistant\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19813490\",\n \"text\": \"than a roomful of Radley patients, and yet, here it was. You gotta love it.\\\" On the other side, the episode received a unfavorable review from Paul Dailly, from \\\"TVFanatic\\\", who labeled it as \\\"one of the weakest finales to date.\\\" He added, \\\"[the episode] was far from perfect. At this stage, a lot of the reveals felt cheap. We still have 10 episodes left, and we need answers before it's too late. Waiting until April is going to be a drag.\\\" The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"The Darkest Knight\\\" is tenth episode of the seventh season of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16863889\",\n \"text\": \"write the web series by ABC Family, however the crew behind \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" was also used with the web series. The web series introduced Aeriél Miranda as Shana in the television series. None of the series regulars from \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" appears in the web series. The episodes would become available each Tuesday on ABC Family's website from August 28, 2012, after the summer finale of the third season, as a way to tide viewers over until the Halloween special. The eighth and final episode was released on October 16, 2012. Cast members from \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" appearing in\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Dirty Secrets\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14891589\",\n \"text\": \"it, and that's not a bad thing at all.\\\" Pilot (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Pilot\\\" is the series premiere of the mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". It introduces each of the main characters, as well as establishes the basic premises of the series. The episode aired on June 8, 2010 on ABC Family. In the episode, the main characters find themselves apprehensive one year after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis. When Aria Montgomery returns to Rosewood, she rediscovers her old friends and secrets of the past begin to haunt them. Alison's body is then found in her former home, and\",\n \"title\": \"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14891576\",\n \"text\": \"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Pilot\\\" is the series premiere of the mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". It introduces each of the main characters, as well as establishes the basic premises of the series. The episode aired on June 8, 2010 on ABC Family. In the episode, the main characters find themselves apprehensive one year after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis. When Aria Montgomery returns to Rosewood, she rediscovers her old friends and secrets of the past begin to haunt them. Alison's body is then found in her former home, and after the funeral, the girls receive a frightening anonymous\",\n \"title\": \"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18484087\",\n \"text\": \"Jordan's 2nd single \\\"Get This Party Rockin (ft HP)\\\" was featured in Season 4, Episode 5 of the Netflix series \\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\" which aired June 17, 2016, as well as in the movie trailer for \\\"Best Night Ever\\\" that hit theaters January 2014. Her song \\\"Partypocalypse\\\" was also featured on ABC Family's TV series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" on the Episode entitled \\\"Fresh Meat\\\", which aired on January 13, 2015. Djoir and Janel Parrish, who stars in \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", were both co-lead singers in a girl group called Impulse in 2003. In 2014, Djoir Jordan received nominations\",\n \"title\": \"Djoir\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19920791\",\n \"text\": \"Bates wannabe, the lair where 'A' did all her dirty work. The \\\"Psycho\\\" references were heavy-handed, to say the least, but they were also pretty fun. For those of us who appreciate soapy teen thrillers and Alfred Hitchcock, it was nice to see a little overlap.\\\" \\\"Unmasked\\\" was watched by 3.69 million Americans and scored a 1.6 Nielsen rating/share in the adults among 18–49 demographic. It was up both viewers and adults 18–49, respectively, from the previous episode, \\\"If These Dolls Could Talk\\\", which netted 2.47 million American viewers and a 1.0 Nielsen rating/share. UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"UnmAsked\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20219846\",\n \"text\": \"wrapped in October 26, marking it the last day of filming for \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" ever. Scenes at the set for the fictional Lost Woods Resort were filmed. On August 29, 2016, King and the principal cast of the series announced that \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" was ending after the seventh season. King also announced that it would start airing the second half of the season later than usual, in April 2017 and that the series finale would be a two-hour episode event. On October 26, 2016, it was reported that a tell-all special would be aired after the series finale,\",\n \"title\": \"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19369701\",\n \"text\": \"Alison was alive in the episode \\\"Grave New World\\\" as one of the best moments of the series. The reveal of the third Red Coat received mostly negative reviews, with many feeling discomfort over Sara being officially introduced so late into the series. However, \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\"'s Isabella Biedenharn deemed the best moment of \\\"Game Over, Charles\\\" the scene where Emily punches Sara in the face for her betrayal. Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars) Red Coat is a fictional character on the television show \\\"Pretty Little Liars,\\\" which was adapted from the book series of same name. Introduced during the second-season\",\n \"title\": \"Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20163762\",\n \"text\": \"starting to die.\\\" Paul Dailly from \\\"TV Fanatic\\\" said the episode \\\"was the jolt of life the series needed,\\\" commenting that \\\"[the episode] was great. It was a shocking episode that gave us some much-needed reveals.\\\" In addition to praising costume and episode references, Rebecca Kurson from the \\\"Observer\\\" commented: \\\"The show has just two more episodes to add back some fantastic styles with the increasingly knotted plot.\\\" Lauren Busser from \\\"Tell-Tale TV\\\" website gave the episode a 3.5 out of 5 stars rating. Eliza Thompson from \\\"Cosmopolitan\\\" wrote, \\\"Plot-wise, \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" is one of the crazier shows on\",\n \"title\": \"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19813481\",\n \"text\": \"The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"The Darkest Knight\\\" is tenth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery–thriller television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The installment was directed by Arlene Sanford and written by showrunner I. Marlene King and executive producer Maya Goldsmith. It premiered on August 30, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. Spencer calls 911 to report Hanna's abduction. At the same time, Hanna uses a knife to get some of Noel's blood to send to a DNA lab. Aria, Alison, Emily, Mona, Caleb and Spencer team up with the Rosewood P.D. to find Hanna. Detective Furey\",\n \"title\": \"The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15573222\",\n \"text\": \"DiLaurentis knew). Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15573218\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret feelings for\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19602495\",\n \"text\": \"review for “Bedlam”, commenting: “So, definitely more of a transitional episode, with the mission being more to shed light on certain things rather than move the plot forward in any significant way. While episodes like this can often be meh, this one wasn’t, simply because the information that we did get was so juicy and the acting was rock solid across the board. Pretty much everyone in the main cast got a chance to shine, each getting their own moment at some point, which was nice, so I can’t complain.” Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Bedlam\\\" is the second episode of\",\n \"title\": \"Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14075427\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". This made her one of the first in the cast, alongside Chad Lowe, to direct an episode on the series. Bellisario started dating \\\"Suits\\\" star Patrick J. Adams after they met on the set of the play \\\"Equivocation\\\" in 2009. The couple briefly split, but after Adams' guest appearance as Hardy in \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", 2010, the two got back together. Since working on \\\"Equivocation\\\" and \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", the couple also worked together on the 2012 short film \\\"The Come Up\\\", on the USA series \\\"Suits\\\" in which Adams stars, and the short film \\\"We Are\",\n \"title\": \"Troian Bellisario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18080661\",\n \"text\": \"Back at Ravenswood, Miranda and Caleb discover a grave marker with Caleb's name and image on it. In March 2013, Pretty Little Liars was renewed for a fifth season and green lighted for a spinoff series, \\\"Ravenswood\\\", which would premiere in October of that year. “Grave New World” was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Joseph Dougherty, Oliver Goldstick and I. Marlene King. Filming for the episode took place over a 10-day time span, beginning on May 31, 2013 and concluding on June 10, 2013. The episode was filmed in between filming for the eighth episode, “The Guilty Girl’s\",\n \"title\": \"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18034949\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Little Liars will get to the point like Bones or Chuck did, where the main serial conceit will wear itself out so much that A will have to be unmasked because that premise gets old. But not just yet\\\". A Is for Answers \\\"A Is for Answers\\\" is the twenty-fourth episode of the fourth season and the ninety-fifth episode of the ABC Family mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The episode, serving as the fourth-season finale and the winter finale, was broadcast on March 18, 2014. It was directed and written by I. Marlene King and features a guest\",\n \"title\": \"A Is for Answers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19920790\",\n \"text\": \"episode 3.5 out of 5 stars, stating, \\\"What really bothered me about the finale was that despite getting an identity for A, even that revelation wasn't 100% certain. As one of my friends very rightly pointed out, the problem with the show is that it can be so manipulative without being fully satisfying.\\\" Louis Peitzman of TV.com gave the episode a favorable review, calling it \\\"\\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" at its finest,\\\" and writing, \\\"The build-up to the reveal of Mona as 'A' was appropriately suspenseful. Like the Halloween episode, the finale delivered on the creepy factor: that motel, the Norman\",\n \"title\": \"UnmAsked (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16336163\",\n \"text\": \"Shane Coffey Shane Coffey is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Holden Strauss in Freeform's \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". Coffey grew up in Spring, Texas then studied theater at the University of Southern California. He is a founding member of The Casitas Group, an independent theater company started in 2008, alongside Troian Bellisario. Coffey's first acting part was playing Patrick for one episode on \\\"Summerland\\\" alongside Jesse McCartney. In January 2012, Coffey joined the recurring cast of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" as Holden Strauss, an old friend of Aria's, who becomes her way of covering when she's\",\n \"title\": \"Shane Coffey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18080663\",\n \"text\": \"shot but before the first episode for \\\"Ravenswood\\\" was shot. \\\"Grave New World\\\" originally aired on October 22, 2013, as part of the \\\"13 Nights of Halloween\\\" programming special on ABC Family, and was followed by the series premiere of the \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" spinoff, \\\"Ravenswood\\\". The episode marks the third annual Halloween special from the series, each premiering apart from the regular summer and winter seasons. The Halloween themed episode was viewed by 3.18 million viewers, up 14 percent from the previous Halloween special (2.75 million viewers). It was the third most-watched broadcast in the history of programming block\",\n \"title\": \"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13140541\",\n \"text\": \"offered Anderson the role of Macy. Anderson was added to the cast of the television series \\\"Beauty & the Beast\\\" in March 2012, playing the recurring role of Heather Chandler, Catherine's (Kristin Kreuk) younger sister. In May 2013, it was announced that Anderson had joined \\\"Ravenswood\\\", a \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" spin-off, as Miranda Collins, a foster kid, who relies on her wits to cover her emotional scars.<ref name=\\\"Ravenswood Cast/\\\"></ref> Prior to appearing in \\\"Ravenswood\\\", Anderson appeared in the \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" episode \\\"Grave New World\\\", introducing her character, Miranda Collins. After the cancellation of \\\"Ravenswood\\\", Anderson returned for the third\",\n \"title\": \"Nicole Gale Anderson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10492166\",\n \"text\": \"face and her neck is caught between rocks. However, a new \\\"A\\\" rises, this time even more determined to hurt the Liars. This A is revealed to be Alison herself who wanted revenge on the Liars for ruining her life and Nick, who is revealed to be her accomplice. Pretty Little Liars (book series) Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls – Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields. The novels have appeared on \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (book series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19411301\",\n \"text\": \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars \\\"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\\\" is the twentieth episode and the season finale of the sixth season and 140th episode overall on the Freeform mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The episode was broadcast on March 15, 2016. It was written by the series' showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Ron Lagomarsino. At the beginning of the episode, the girls, Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) and Ezra (Ian Harding) are together after Hanna (Ashley Benson) sends a false message to \\\"A\\\", starting her plan to serve as a guinea pig. Aria (Lucy Hale) gets a call from Alison,\",\n \"title\": \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19689356\",\n \"text\": \"Original G'A'ngsters \\\"Original G'A'ngsters\\\" is the seventh episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on August 9, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-seventh episode of the series, it was directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Kateland Brown. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.16 million viewers, up from the previous episode. It received positive reviews from critics. This episode is rated TV-14. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as Liars, who receive anonymous messages in\",\n \"title\": \"Original G'A'ngsters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18080665\",\n \"text\": \"a disappointing outing for the Liars because of the ending, but it was almost a cheap trick to salvage a series full of weak events by pulling the Alison trump card.\\\" Lindsay Sperling of \\\"We Got This Covered\\\" lauded the episode's scenery, saying \\\"The combination of the less intense tones and the ominous music might be a bit much when considered in the context of multiple episodes but I’d say that the new aesthetic choices are a welcome change, and looked more on par with what Pretty Little Liars generally delivers.\\\" Caroline Preece of \\\"Den of Geek\\\" called the episode\",\n \"title\": \"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20360293\",\n \"text\": \"same month. On May 14, 2018, the first teaser was released. On June 21, 2018, the first official trailer was released on the Facebook and Instagram pages for the show. Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an upcoming American teen drama television series developed by I. Marlene King. The series is a sequel to \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" and based on the novel \\\"The Perfectionists\\\" by Sara Shepard. Freeform ordered the series to pilot on September 25, 2017, as the second spin-off series of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" which will include some of the main characters. Freeform\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19584422\",\n \"text\": \"Tick-Tock, Bitches \\\"Tick-Tock, Bitches\\\" is the first episode of the seventh season of Freeform mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", and the 141st episode overall. It aired in the United States on June 21, 2016, serving as the season premiere. The episode was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by showrunner I. Marlene King. The episode is rated TV-14. In the episode, the Liars and company found themselves caught by a trap set by A, who kidnapped Hanna and held her captive. Meanwhile, Mary begins to settle into Rosewood and Elliott's still trying to keep Alison trapped inside the\",\n \"title\": \"Tick-Tock, Bitches\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19696044\",\n \"text\": \"Exes and OMGs \\\"Exes and OMGs\\\" is the eighth episode of the seventh season of the mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on August 16, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-eighth episode, it was directed by Kimberly McCullough and written by Charlie Craig. \\\"Exes and OMGs\\\" received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.11 million viewers, down from the previous episode. It received positive reviews from critics. This episode is rated TV-14. The series revolves around a group of five women—collectively known as Liars—, who receive anonymous messages in the\",\n \"title\": \"Exes and OMGs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20211082\",\n \"text\": \"Weekly\\\" gave the episode a B+ letter rating. Choose or Lose \\\"Choose or Lose\\\" is the eighteenth episode of the seventh season of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", and the show's 158th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 13, 2017. The episode was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Charlie Craig. In this episode, the Liars finally discover that Aria (Lucy Hale) has been working with 'A.D.' after Mona (Janel Parrish) investigated on Aria. Lieutenant Tanner (Roma Maffia) returns to Rosewood to work on the Dunhill's homicide case, quickly targeting the Liars on\",\n \"title\": \"Choose or Lose\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19411311\",\n \"text\": \"views and a 0.7 in the 18-49 demo. The episode is the season finale with the lowest audience in the series. Jeremy Rodriguez from \\\"The Young Folks\\\" wrote that the episode was a \\\"little over-the-top\\\", stating \\\"that what makes \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" so great.\\\" Rodriguez also ranked the episode with a rating of 10/10. Paul Dailly from \\\"TV Fanatic\\\" said that \\\"the show is heading in an interesting direction.\\\" Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV gave the episode a mixed review, noting that shippers of the show will love the episode for bringing several ships back together. He wrote critically that \\\"the\",\n \"title\": \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20211073\",\n \"text\": \"Choose or Lose \\\"Choose or Lose\\\" is the eighteenth episode of the seventh season of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", and the show's 158th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 13, 2017. The episode was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Charlie Craig. In this episode, the Liars finally discover that Aria (Lucy Hale) has been working with 'A.D.' after Mona (Janel Parrish) investigated on Aria. Lieutenant Tanner (Roma Maffia) returns to Rosewood to work on the Dunhill's homicide case, quickly targeting the Liars on her radar. Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) and Hanna (Ashley\",\n \"title\": \"Choose or Lose\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20219831\",\n \"text\": \"demographic. The total viewership and ratings for this episode were slightly up in comparison to the previous episode and the sixth-season finale a year ago. At night, the Liars are shown at an establishment discussing the fact that the truth about who was behind Uber A's mask never came out. Lucas appears in a white tuxedo tap dancing, while Jenna is riding a horse. The girls begin to talk about random and funny things until snow starts to fall from the sky and it is revealed that the previous scenes were the product of Mona's imagination, who is holding a\",\n \"title\": \"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14647616\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\" and booked several national commercials. Mitchell guest starred in the Global series \\\"Rookie Blue\\\" and appeared in the music video for \\\"Hold My Hand\\\" by Jamaican rapper Sean Paul. In 2010, Mitchell appeared in a four-episode arc on the Disney XD series \\\"Aaron Stone\\\" as cheerleader Irina Webber. In December 2009, Mitchell was cast in the ABC Family (now Freeform) planned adaptation of the book series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". Initially, Mitchell auditioned for the role of Spencer Hastings.n January 2010, \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" was picked up by ABC Family. The series centers on four friends up against an anonymous\",\n \"title\": \"Shay Mitchell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14201347\",\n \"text\": \"but a little patience might be warranted.\\\" Since the series premiere, \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" has remained popular. In 2016, a \\\"New York Times\\\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that the show's \\\"popularity is tilted toward women more than any other show in the data — over 94 percent of 'likes' come from women\\\". The series earned its highest rated episode with 4.20 million total viewers, ranking among ABC Family's top 5 telecasts in adult viewers 18–34, total viewers and women viewers. The highest rated episodes include season one's finale, with 3.64 million, and\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20185223\",\n \"text\": \"Driving Miss Crazy \\\"Driving Miss Crazy\\\" is the seventeenth episode of the seventh season of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", and the show's 157th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 6, 2017. It was co-written by executive producer Oliver Goldstick and Francesca Rollins, and directed by Goldstick. They had previously worked on the ninth episode of the sixth season. In this episode, Mona (Janel Parrish) teams up with the Liars to investigate on Alison's pregnancy and on the Liars' Lament board game. Ezra (Ian Harding) and Aria (Lucy Hale) discuss their marriage, while Caleb\",\n \"title\": \"Driving Miss Crazy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15461435\",\n \"text\": \"Robinson, and Julian Morris, who will all reprise their roles from the first season. Annabeth Gish appears as Anne Sullivan, a therapist whom the girls' parents feel can help them on their problems.Andrea Parker will play Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother, who returns to Rosewood to help out with a fashion show being held in Alison's honour. Actor Drew Van Acker also joined the cast playing Jason DiLaurentis, replacing Parker Bagley. Pretty Little Liars (season 2) The second season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 14, 2011 and concluded\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14201328\",\n \"text\": \"primarily on social media. On March 26, 2013, a spin-off series was announced, titled \\\"Ravenswood\\\", but was canceled after one season. On June 10, 2014, \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" was renewed for its sixth and seventh seasons. On August 29, 2016, Freeform confirmed that the series would be ending after its seventh season in 2017. Filming of the series officially wrapped on October 26, 2016. The series finale was viewed by an estimated 1.41 million viewers. It had the second-highest rating of any cable TV series that aired that night. The episode was followed by \\\"A-List Wrap Party\\\", a live special\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17916488\",\n \"text\": \"written by showrunner I. Marlene King. The promotional poster was released on May 28, 2014. A second promotional poster was released after the hundredth episode was aired, on July 9, 2014. A third promotional poster was released on January 5, 2015, as a promotion for the second half of the fifth season, which began the day after the release of the poster. It was announced on June 10, 2014 that \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" was renewed for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series. The fifth season garnered positive reviews from critics and averaged 2.01 million\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20227867\",\n \"text\": \"bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood. She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series. Her character pays tribute to Alison and Courtney DiLaurentis, characters of the \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" book series. Bellisario was cast as Spencer Hastings, in November 2009. Alex is Spencer's identical twin sister, whose existence was unknown until the series' final episode. During an interview to \\\"Elle\\\", Bellisario disclosed that Marlene King, the show's creator, was planning to introduce Spencer's twin since 2014, when the show's fifth season began airing. She also commented that King was initially\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18301699\",\n \"text\": \"Rosewood (Pretty Little Liars) Rosewood is the fictional setting for both the \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" book series and the \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" television series. The fictional city is suggested to be loosely based on West Chester, Pennsylvania. Rosewood was founded by William W. Rosewood. As a Main Line town, it has a long history of prestige associated with the railroad industry of the 1800s. Majority of the residents are in the upper class and many families, such as the Hastings, have had significant wealth dating back to the 1800s. The town consists of farms, cornfields, and pastures, and barns converted\",\n \"title\": \"Rosewood (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18651112\",\n \"text\": \"Aguire was cast as Liam Greene, Aria's new boyfriend, and that Australian actor David Coussins will recur as Jordan, Hanna's fiancé. On July 21, 2015, it was announced that one more recurring character will be introduced, the smart and sleek Yvonne, a politician's daughter who will cause some major drama for one of the Liars. It was later announced that Kara Royster will play Yvonne Phillips, Toby's new love interest, first appearing in the fourteenth episode. It was reported by \\\"TVLine\\\" on June 23, 2015, that Blake Berris will appear in one episode in the second half of the season.\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2583105\",\n \"text\": \"of the same name. However, that version of the show never made it to air. (ABC later made a version featuring Combs's former \\\"Charmed\\\" co-star Alyssa Milano.) In 2010, Combs was cast in the Freeform series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" as Ella Montgomery, the mother of one of the main characters, Aria Montgomery (played by Lucy Hale). Combs was a series regular for the first three seasons, but became credited as a special guest star from season four onwards. \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" ended after seven seasons, and Combs returned for the show's final episode on June 27, 2017. Combs and Doherty\",\n \"title\": \"Holly Marie Combs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20219850\",\n \"text\": \"it was just beautiful justice here. No more loser Mona. She won this one.\\\" Carolina Preece of Den of Geek disliked the episode, but praised the show as a whole, writing, \\\"At it's best, \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" was a Taylor Swift song, a Hitchcock movie, a philosophy lecture and a soap opera all at once. It was somehow about fluid identities, self-actualisation and how the patriarchy is crushing us all at the same time as being about fashion and dating.\\\" She also glorified Mona character, titling it \\\"the best thing the show ever did.\\\" Some television critics were welcoming towards\",\n \"title\": \"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20781642\",\n \"text\": \"always necessary to take the show's revelations with a grain of salt lest we be fooled again\\\". Lindsay Sperling of \\\"TV.com\\\" slated: \\\"Everyone’s worlds are about to take a turn for the creepy when Ravenswood turns into ground zero for World War ‘A.’\\\". Now You See Me, Now You Don't was broadcast on August 27, 2013. It was watched by 3.33 million viewers, scoring a 1.4 rating in the 18-49 demographic. Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars) \\\"Now You See Me, Now You Don't\\\" is the twelfth episode of the fourth season of the American mystery\",\n \"title\": \"Now You See Me, Now You Don't (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17916499\",\n \"text\": \"of ABC Family's \\\"25 Days of Christmas\\\" programming event on December 9, 2014. ABC Family announced that they would air a special behind-the-scenes halloween episode where the cast of \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" would be interviewed and answering questions from fans. It was announced that the show would return with its winter premiere and remaining 12 episodes, which began airing on January 6, 2015. The fifth season had nine roles receiving star billing, with all of them returning from the previous season, seven of which was part of the original cast from the first season. The season saw the four protagonists\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16998950\",\n \"text\": \"against the Liars. However, when Caleb later confronts Jenna about the authorities detecting holes in her allegations, she informs him that the only person who could contradict her side of the story was Noel. Aria is \\\"A.D.'s\\\" helper. Aria is given the offer to join the team in \\\"Power Play\\\". She accepts in the following episode and begins supplying information to Uber A. After the Liars discover Lucas' graphic novel, Aria is sent by Uber A to retrieve it. Once she delivers it, she is given an \\\"A\\\" hoodie in return. She breaks into Alison's house sporting the disguise and\",\n \"title\": \"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14201326\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Little Liars Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama mystery thriller television series developed by I. Marlene King and is loosely based on the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four girls whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named \\\"A\\\" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets. The series features an ensemble cast, headed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings, Lucy Hale as Aria Montgomery, Ashley Benson\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19676416\",\n \"text\": \"the form of threats from an unknown person, while they struggle to survive a life with danger. In this episode, the Rosewood P.D. is getting closer to finding out what really happened to Elliott Rollins, while the Liars work together to discover who was Rollins' partner in crime. Aria (Lucy Hale) and Ezra (Ian Harding) must deal with their awkward relationship. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) and Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) move on, while Hanna (Ashley Benson) finally reveals that she's not engaged anymore. Someone is murdered inside the Radley Hotel for playing in the wrong team. The morning after the previous episode,\",\n \"title\": \"Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14075421\",\n \"text\": \"praise for her leading performance in the film \\\"Consent\\\" for which she won the Vision Fest Award for Best Acting by a Female Lead and the FirstGlance Philadelphia Award for Best Actress. In 2009, Bellisario landed the lead role of Spencer Hastings in the Freeform series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" (2010–2017). For her performance, she has won two Teen Choice Awards out of six nominations and a Young Hollywood Award. In addition to her work on \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", Bellisario also starred in the WIGS episode series \\\"Lauren\\\", for which she received critical acclaim and won the New York Film Festival\",\n \"title\": \"Troian Bellisario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17159783\",\n \"text\": \"fun at one point, but trying to keep track of who's in or out with A is an exhausting exercise that rarely yields satisfying results anymore\\\". Framke commented further \\\"But the thing about Pretty Little Liars is that when it's good, it is a fever dream. It's at its most fun when it breezes past the big picture, gets lost in its own illusions, and lets a talking parrot steal the spotlight.\\\" Pretty Little Liars (season 4) The fourth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17159774\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 4) The fourth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The season consisted of 24 episodes, which were filmed between March 14, 2013 and November 2, 2013. The season concluded its broadcast on March 18, 2014. The season continues from where it left off in the third-season finale, where the girls were rescued from the burning building by who they believe is Alison. The girls begin looking for answers that could lead to Alison's whereabouts while dealing with the aftermath of Detective Wilden's\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16998955\",\n \"text\": \"her into meeting him. He sent her the text \\\"The Apple Rose Grille at closing time. Go alone or Caleb pays. -A\\\" to find out this information from her about the new \\\"A\\\". Shana pretended to be \\\"A\\\" to attack the Liars in New York. She donned a black hoodie and attacked them at the coffee shop, only to end up shooting Ezra instead, who had found out her identity. In the following episode, she continued to hunt down the Liars, and sent a group of black hoodies to trick them. The black hoodies used the alias \\\"A\\\" during their\",\n \"title\": \"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16863890\",\n \"text\": \"the web series: <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Pretty Dirty Secrets Pretty Dirty Secrets is an American mystery web series from the television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The web series takes place between the events of the series' third season episodes, \\\"The Lady Killer\\\" and \\\"This Is a Dark Ride\\\". It is set in a Rosewood's costume store as the residents of Rosewood prepared for Halloween. The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson. Kyle Bown, the assistant to \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Dirty Secrets\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16863888\",\n \"text\": \"Pretty Dirty Secrets Pretty Dirty Secrets is an American mystery web series from the television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The web series takes place between the events of the series' third season episodes, \\\"The Lady Killer\\\" and \\\"This Is a Dark Ride\\\". It is set in a Rosewood's costume store as the residents of Rosewood prepared for Halloween. The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson. Kyle Bown, the assistant to \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing staff, were hired to\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Dirty Secrets\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18902371\",\n \"text\": \"Of Late I Think of Rosewood \\\"Of Late I Think of Rosewood\\\" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season and the 131st episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The episode, serving as the sixth season mid-season premiere, was broadcast on January 12, 2016. It was written by Joseph Dougherty, and directed by Ron Lagomarsino. The episode takes place five years after the events of \\\"Game Over, Charles\\\" as the Liars have graduated from high school and college. The episode included a new intro for the show, after using the same intro since the show\",\n \"title\": \"Of Late I Think of Rosewood\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18080666\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"average\\\" and opined that the episode \\\"might have been the weakest Halloween special yet. \\\" Elizabeth SanFilippo of Examiner.com gave the episode three out of five stars, writing that \\\"the final moment of the \\\"PLL\\\" special was what made this episode worth watching.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\"'s Caroline Siede gave the episode a C+, finding the “slow and atmospheric” pace of the special unfitting for the series while praised the Liars' costumes, Spencer's in particular. Teresa Lopez of \\\"TV Fanatic\\\" gave the Halloween-themed episode two and a half stars (out of five), calling it \\\"a disappointing follow-up, spending more time setting\",\n \"title\": \"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16998922\",\n \"text\": \"a fight with Aria who discovered her identity and Charlotte later fell off a platform and escaped. In \\\"A is for Answers\\\" the Liars are under attack by \\\"A\\\" who shoots Ezra Fitz on the rooftop. However, in the fifth-season premiere, the shooter is revealed to be Shana Fring who attempted to kill Alison but was later shoved off a stage by Aria and died from the impact. After all of this, Charlotte fled to France under the Vivian Darkbloom identity to escape custody for Wilden's death but returned. In the series's 100 episode, Charlotte placed a bomb in the\",\n \"title\": \"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18748398\",\n \"text\": \"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e \\\"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e\\\" is the first episode, and the premiere of the fourth season of the American mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", and is the 72nd episode overall, which aired on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The episode was written and directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, marking the second episode King has directed for the TV series. In the episode, Aria, Emily, Hanna, and Spencer try to find answers by questioning Mona about her knowledge of \\\"A\\\", in addition the Liars deal with different personal problems which they are facing. As\",\n \"title\": \"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20133406\",\n \"text\": \"These Boots Were Made for Stalking \\\"These Boots Were Made for Stalking\\\" is the twelfth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\", which aired on April 25, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The 152nd episode overall, it was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Oliver Goldstick. \\\"These Boots Were Made for Stalking\\\" received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, a decrease from the previous episode, although received favorable response. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as the Liars, whose\",\n \"title\": \"These Boots Were Made for Stalking\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14201342\",\n \"text\": \"that the show was renewed for a fourth season, again comprising 24 episodes. The second half of the third season began airing on January 8, 2013 and finished March 19, 2013. \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" returned for Season 4 on June 11, 2013. On March 25, 2013, it was again announced that \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" had been renewed for a fifth season scheduled for a 2014 air date and a new spin off show entitled \\\"Ravenswood\\\" would begin airing after the season four annual Halloween special in October 2013. The second half of season four premiered on January 7, 2014. It\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14891587\",\n \"text\": \"The New York \\\"Daily News\\\" gave the show a positive review, commenting that it \\\"makes most popular vampire romances look anemic\\\", while concluding, \\\"\\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" could go in several directions, including mundane teen clichés. It's got an equally good shot at making us care about these imperfect pretty girls.\\\" A writer on Terror Hook has stated that \\\" 'Pretty Little Liars' gets off to a very promising start. Great production all around, the writing keeps the viewer on their toes, and the acting just reinforces it. The overall mystery of the show in the end is dark and unpredictable,\",\n \"title\": \"Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20767571\",\n \"text\": \"The First Secret \\\"The First Secret\\\" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of the American mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" and the 35th episode of the series overall. This episode is a prequel to the series' pilot episode and is set on Halloween 2008, one year before the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis. The episode aired on October 19, 2011 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.47 viewers. On October 28, 2008, Alison narrates a scary story. It’s about two blonde twins, who are shown on screen. After getting into a fight over a doll, one of\",\n \"title\": \"The First Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14201344\",\n \"text\": \"most popular vampire romances look anemic\\\", while concluding, \\\"\\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" could go in several directions, including mundane teen clichés. It's got an equally good shot at making us care about these imperfect pretty girls.\\\" A writer on Terror Hook has stated that \\\" 'Pretty Little Liars' gets off to a very promising start. Great production all around, the writing keeps the viewer on their toes, and the acting just reinforces it. The overall mystery of the show in the end is dark and unpredictable, even stepping into the slasher film realm.\\\" The \\\"New York Post\\\" gave the show three\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18034932\",\n \"text\": \"A Is for Answers \\\"A Is for Answers\\\" is the twenty-fourth episode of the fourth season and the ninety-fifth episode of the ABC Family mystery drama series \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\". The episode, serving as the fourth-season finale and the winter finale, was broadcast on March 18, 2014. It was directed and written by I. Marlene King and features a guest appearance from Ryan Merriman, his first since the second-season episode \\\"The Blond Leading the Blind\\\", as Ian Thomas, Melissa Hastings' deceased husband who was suspected of killing Alison. In the episode, the girls finally meet up with Alison in Philadelphia\",\n \"title\": \"A Is for Answers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14489038\",\n \"text\": \"The WB in 2005 with a different writer. The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006. In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" television pilot for ABC Family. The novels are being adapted for television by I. Marlene King. ABC Family began casting for a \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" television pilot in October 2009. Lucy Hale was cast as Aria Montgomery in the project, followed by Troian Bellisario and Ian Harding (as Spencer Hastings and Ezra Fitz, respectively) in November 2009. In December 2009 The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Little Liars (season 1)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":74,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"75"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"qualification of the members of the supreme court in the philippines"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["natural - born citizenship","at least 40 years old"],"string":"[\n \"natural - born citizenship\",\n \"at least 40 years old\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"4349750","text":"Until 1945, the Court met in Cavite. A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge \"must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.\" Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice, the President","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349750","text":"Until 1945, the Court met in Cavite. A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge \"must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.\" Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice, the President","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349750\",\n \"text\": \"Until 1945, the Court met in Cavite. A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge \\\"must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.\\\" Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice, the President\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349750\",\n \"text\": \"Until 1945, the Court met in Cavite. A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge \\\"must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.\\\" Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice, the President\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"9534047","text":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The Chief Justice presides over the High Court, but carries only 1 of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the Chief Justice is deemed as \"primus inter pares\" (\"first among equals\") among the Justices. Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the Court. Since","title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349768","text":"Court increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who sat \"en banc\" or in two divisions of five members each. Article V of the Treaty of Manila (1946) abolished the U.S. Supreme Court's appellate authority over the Supreme Court of the Philippines, but provided that Philippine appeals pending before the U.S. Supreme Court would be allowed to run to completion. Under the 1973 Constitution, the membership of the Supreme Court was increased to 15. The justices sat en banc or in divisions. The 1973 Constitution also vested in the Supreme Court administrative supervision over all lower courts","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9534048","text":"then, 13 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. Under the 1987 Constitution, the minimum requirements for appointment to the Supreme Court are natural born citizenship; 40 years of age; and 15 years or more as a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. (\"sec. 7(1), Article VIII\") The members of the Court are appointed by the President from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. (\"sec. 9, Article VIII\") The appointment is not subject to confirmation by Congress. Members","title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349767","text":"with nine members: a chief justice and eight associate justices. Its decisions could be further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel were among the first appointees to replace the American justices. With the ratification of the 1935 Constitution in a plebiscite held on May 14, 1935, the membership in the Supreme","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"10383120","text":"the Supreme Court\", unless disbarred, are all members of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP). However, to be IBP members of good standing, lawyers are required to complete, every three years, at least thirty-six hours of continuing legal education seminars approved by the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Committee (MCLE). Members who fail to comply shall pay a non-compliance fee, and shall be listed as a delinquent member. The Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Office, established by the Supreme Court, is the official government agency tasked to implement compliance with the MCLE requirement. The MCLE Office is headed by former Supreme","title":"Legal education in the Philippines"},{"docid":"10385378","text":"graduates and faculty members, such as Ambrosio Padilla, Bienvenido Ambion, and Violeta Calvo-Drilon—in the latter case, creating some controversy, given the involvement of the deceased in an Integrated Bar of the Philippines election scandal that ultimately needed the involvement of the Philippine Supreme Court. There is also an airconditioned moot court resembling the trial courts in the Philippines, a student lounge and an auditorium. Fronting the auditorium is the main lobby of Malcolm Hall. On its walls are inscribed a quotation from the American Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. – A historical marker was unveiled at the façade","title":"University of the Philippines College of Law"},{"docid":"10383128","text":"exam for admission to the practice of law. It is conducted during the four Sundays of September, or October, or November of every year. It is arguably the hardest and the most media-covered of all government licensure examinations in the country. It is also reputedly one of the hardest bar examinations in the world. For candidates intending to practice Islamic law in the Philippines, the \"Special Bar Exams for Shari'a Court Lawyers\" is given every two years. The Supreme Court Bar Office conducts the exam while the Office of Muslim Affairs determines the qualification and eligibility of candidates to the","title":"Legal education in the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349751","text":"fills the vacancy by appointing a person from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. Supreme Court Justices are obliged to retire upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70. Some Justices have opted to retire before reaching the age of 70, such as Florentino Feliciano, who retired at 67 to accept appointment to the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization and Alicia Austria-Martinez who retired at 68 due to health reasons. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides that: \"Section 11, Article VIII. The Members of the Supreme Court xxx shall","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349779","text":"7 Associate Justices of the Supreme Court on 2009.\" Members of “Bantay Korte Suprema” include retired Philippine presidents, retired Supreme Court justices, legislators, legal practitioners, the academe, the business community and the media. former Senate President Jovito Salonga, UP Law Dean Marvic Leonen, Senate Majority Leader and Judicial and Bar Council member Kiko Pangilinan, the Philippine Bar Association, Artemio Panganiban, and Rodolfo Urbiztondo, of the 48,000-strong Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), and the chambers of commerce, witnessed the landmark event. BKS will neither select nor endorse a candidate, “but if it receive information that makes a candidate incompetent, it","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"20197975","text":"Supreme Court of the Philippines Building Complex, Bonifacio Global City The Supreme Court of the Philippines is due to move to a proposed building to be built at the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Metro Manila. The Supreme Court of the Philippines occupies a buildings on a lot owned by the University of the Philippines Manila. The court has not own its own property in its almost 100 years of existence. As early as August 2014, the Supreme Court has expressed its plans to move to Bonifacio Global City (BGC). In July 2015, the court was reportedly prospecting to buy","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines Building Complex, Bonifacio Global City"},{"docid":"12526805","text":"provides for the qualification, terms of office, election, and power and functions of the President. It also provides for a Vice President and for the presidential line of succession. Article VIII vests the judicial power upon the Supreme Court and other lower courts as may be established by law (by Congress). While the power to appoint justices and judges still reside with the President, the President may only appoint nominees pre-selected by the Judicial and Bar Council, a body composed of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Secretary of Justice, the Chairs of the Senate and House Committees","title":"Constitution of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349781","text":"Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court of the Philippines (; colloquially referred to as \"Korte Suprema\") is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has \"administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof\". The Supreme Court Complex, which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus, occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila, with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital.","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349749","text":"Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court of the Philippines (; colloquially referred to as \"Korte Suprema\") is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has \"administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof\". The Supreme Court Complex, which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus, occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila, with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital.","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"1920010","text":"past members of the U.S. federal courts who have graduated from CLS. Internationally, CLS graduates also have occupied prominent judicial positions, including Shi Jiuyong, former president of the International Court of Justice (ICJ); Xue Hanqin, current member of the ICJ; Giuliano Amato, current member of the Constitutional Court of Italy; Jan Schans Christensen ('88 LL.M.), current member of the Supreme Court of Denmark; Susan Denham, current Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Ireland; Marvic Leonen ('04 LL.M.), current member of the Supreme Court of the Philippines; Hironobu Takesaki, current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan; Umu Hawa Tejan-Jalloh, current","title":"Columbia Law School"},{"docid":"5713027","text":"be removed thru \"quo warranto\" after it was determined that she had been unlawfully holding office \"ab initio\"). The Chief Justice also names the three justices each from the Supreme Court in the memberships of the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and the Senate Electoral Tribunal. The chief justice is the chief executive officer of the Philippine judiciary system and together with the whole Supreme Court, exercises administrative supervision over all courts and personnel. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is","title":"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4968021","text":"Nominating Commission is responsible for recruiting and interviewing applicants to fill vacancies on the Indiana Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Tax Court. It then sends three nominees for each vacancy to the governor. The Judicial Qualification Commission investigates complaints of judicial misconduct and files charges where appropriate. Both commissions have the same members and are chaired by the chief justice. The entire Court takes part in the annual Judicial Conference of Indiana, which is attended by all of the state's judges, and recommends improvements to the Court and state judiciary. The Court is also responsible for implementing","title":"Supreme Court of Indiana"},{"docid":"17547243","text":"top of their regular salary. Successful electoral protests: The chairperson of the SET is always the most senior justice of the Supreme Court that's sitting in the tribunal. These are the members as of the 17th Congress, which first convened on July 25, 2016. Senate Electoral Tribunal The Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) is an electoral tribunal that decides election protests in the Senate of the Philippines. It consists of 6 senators nominated by the Senate, and 3 justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, who are designated by the Chief Justice. The equivalent tribunals for elections to the lower","title":"Senate Electoral Tribunal"},{"docid":"7797276","text":"selected judge shall serve on the Appellate Division and the next in qualification shall serve on the Trial Division. Two current members of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, chosen from said court, will serve on the court and one current member of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal appeals, also chosen by said court, will serve on the court. The final member is an active member of the Oklahoma Bar Association chosen by the Executive Council. Each division of the Court shall select from among its members a presiding judge, and the Courts shall be judge of the qualifications and the disqualification","title":"Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary"},{"docid":"20605888","text":"fair play demanded. Hence, this Court should do no less by stamping its imprimatur to the clear and unmistakable legislative intent and by duly recognizing the certain collective wisdom of Congress.” Hence, the 16 municipalities were finally converted into component cities. The League of Cities of the Philippines finally recognized the sixteen newly converted cities in the country, called as the “League of 16,” as its official members on July 19, 2013. League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines about","title":"League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC"},{"docid":"2745051","text":"its diverse dependencies. On 8 April 1945, he formed his Cabinet, administering the oath of office to its component members. Later, President Osmeña received the Council of State to help him solve the major problems confronting the nation. Government offices and bureaus were gradually reestablished. A number of new ones were created to meet needs then current. Also restored were the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the inferior courts. The Court of Appeals was abolished and its appellate jurisdiction was transferred to the Supreme Court, the members of which were increased to eleven – one Chief Justice and ten","title":"Sergio Osmeña"},{"docid":"1399255","text":"second Philippine President, having directly succeeded Aguinaldo in 1901. President Quezon was given the power under the reorganization act, to appoint the first all-Filipino Philippines in 1935. From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and José P. Laurel were among Quezon's first appointees to replace the American justices. The membership in the Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who","title":"Manuel L. Quezon"},{"docid":"14203420","text":"in fact and law a de jure government\", whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations. This Supreme Court decision significantly affirmed the status of Aquino as the new, legitimate and rightful leader of the Philippines. To fast-track the restoration of a full constitutional government and the writing of a new charter, President Aquino appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission (Con-Com), led by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma. The Con-Com completed its final draft in October 1986 On February 2, 1987, the new Constitution of the Philippines, which put strong emphasis on civil","title":"Presidency of Corazon Aquino"},{"docid":"1966315","text":"Aquino government as \"not merely a \"de facto\" government but in fact and law a \"de jure\" government\", whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations. This Supreme Court decision affirmed the status of Aquino as the rightful leader of the Philippines. To fast-track the restoration of a full constitutional government and the writing of a new charter, she appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission (\"Con-Com\"), led by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma. The Con-Com completed its final draft in October 1986. On February 2, 1987, the new Constitution of the Philippines, which","title":"Corazon Aquino"},{"docid":"10395866","text":"official task force for formulating bar exam questions, instituting policy directives, executing procedures, grading bar examination papers, and releasing the results of the annual bar examination. The committee is chaired by an incumbent Justice of the Supreme Court, who is designated by the Supreme Court to serve for a term of one year. The members of the committee includes eight (8) members of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, who also hold office for a term of one year. While the Justice who shall act as chairman is immediately known, committee members must exert every effort to conceal their identities","title":"Philippine Bar Examination"},{"docid":"9670384","text":"Rules, members of the IBP are required every three (3) years to complete at least thirty-six (36) hours of continuing legal education activities approved by an MCLE Committee constituted by the Supreme Court. (Rule 2, Bar Matter No. 850 – Supreme Court of the Philippines) Of the required 36 hours: (a) At least six (6) hours shall be devoted to legal ethics (b) At least four (4) hours shall be devoted to trial and pretrial skills (c) At least five (5) hours shall be devoted to alternative dispute resolution (d) At least nine (9) hours shall be devoted to updates","title":"Continuing legal education in the Philippines"},{"docid":"9670383","text":"Continuing legal education in the Philippines Continuing legal education is required of members of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) to ensure that throughout their career, they keep abreast with law and jurisprudence, maintain the ethics of the profession and enhance the standards of the practice of law. The Rules on Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) for members of the legal profession in the Philippines were recommended by the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), endorsed by the Philippine Judicial Academy, and reviewed and passed upon by the Supreme Court Committee on Legal Education in 2001. Under the said","title":"Continuing legal education in the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349765","text":"by a Royal Decree issued on July 4, 1861, but its decisions were appealable to the Supreme Court of Spain sitting in Madrid. On February 26, 1886, a territorial \"Audiencia\" was organized in Cebu, followed by an \"Audiencia\" for criminal cases in Vigan. However, the pre-eminence of the Supreme Court as the sole interpreter of the law was unknown during the Spanish regime. From 1898 to 1901 there was no Supreme Court as the new American Governor-General of the Philippines abolished the colonial Real Audiencia of Manila as the Philippines was under US military law under military rule. The Supreme","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"5713024","text":"by the court. He or she carries only 1 vote out of 15 in the court, and is generally regarded, vis-a-vis the other justices, as the \"primus inter pares\" rather than as the administrative superior of the other members of the court. Still, the influence a chief justice may bear within the court and judiciary, and on the national government cannot be underestimated. In the public eye, any particular Supreme Court is widely identified with the identity of the incumbent chief justice, hence appellations such as \"The Fernando Court\" or \"The Puno Court\". Moreover, the chief justice usually retains high","title":"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"5051975","text":"the All-Russian Congress of Judges is the supreme body of the judiciary. The Congress elects the members of the Council of Judges, the self-government body of the judiciary. The Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of Russia is responsible for administration of the courts, such as selection and training of judicial candidates, working with law institutes, and qualifications of judges and other court officers. It is expected to enhance the independence of the judicial branch. It also supports the Council of Judges and the Supreme Qualifying Collegium. Judicial Qualification Collegia are bodies of judicial self-regulation that were established at the","title":"Judiciary of Russia"},{"docid":"14057115","text":"The chairs of the respective houses' committees of justice shall serve as \"ex officio\" members of the Judicial and Bar Council. The Chief Justice is the \"ex officio\" chairman, while the president appoints the members, with confirmation from the Commission on Appointments. The Senate Electoral Tribunal is composed of six senators and three justices of the Supreme Court; the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal on the other hand is composed of six representatives and three justices of the Supreme Court. The Senate President, Senate President \"pro tempore\" and the Floor Leaders are \"ex officio\" members of all committees; the majority","title":"15th Congress of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9534051","text":"often, the Court also undertakes appellate review of decisions of the trial courts and the Court of Appeals in civil and criminal cases. The Court is also tasked with deciding administrative cases involving members and employees of the judiciary and of lawyers belonging to the Philippine Bar. The decisions of the Court become part of the law of the land. Each Justice carries one vote on the Court which they exercise whether when sitting in Division, or in the full complement of 15 (or \"en banc\"). Since the 1970s, the Supreme Court has sat in three divisions, with five Justices","title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9405981","text":"Supreme Court Choir The Supreme Court Choir of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is a choir in the Philippines. Its songs include hymns, folk songs, original Pilipino music, standards, and madrigals. The musical director is Eduardo R. Nepomuceno, an alumnus of the Philippine Madrigals and a music arranger. Public performances have brought the choir to venues such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Paco Park, universities, hotels and sites outside Manila. The choir performs for the Madz, and at Marian Festival concerts sponsored by the Philippine Madrigal Singers. The singers gave performances during the Centennial Celebrations of the","title":"Supreme Court Choir"},{"docid":"18461781","text":"Ukrainian Bar Association is the most respected association of lawyers in Ukraine with members including the deputy head of the Presidential Administration Oleksiy Filatov, Constitutional Court Judge Stanislav Shevchuk, deputy head of the Supreme Court of Ukraine Oleksiy Muraviev, head of the High qualification commission of judges of Ukraine Serhiy Kozyakov, Judge of the Supreme Court of Ukraine Mykola Husak, deputy head of the Kyiv City State Administration (Mayor's office) Oleksiy Reznikov, Minister of Justice of Ukraine (1995-1997) Serhiy Holovatiy, Head of the Security Service of Ukraine (2005-2006) and deputy Prosecutor General (2003-2003) Ihor Drizhchaniy, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs","title":"Ihor Shevchenko"},{"docid":"5713021","text":"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the Philippines. As of November 28, 2018, the position is currently held by Lucas Bersamin, who was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte following the mandatory retirement of his predecessor Teresita Leonardo-De Castro in October 2018. The Chief Justice, who was first named in June 11, 1901 in the person of Cayetano Arellano, is the oldest existing major governmental office continually held by a Filipino, preceding the","title":"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"11735256","text":"of the Supreme Court contained in G.R. No. 155336, it ruled that the CHR is a ..\"constitutional body enjoying limited fiscal autonomy...\" Commission on Human Rights (Philippines) The Commission on Human Rights () (CHR) is an independent constitutional office created under the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, with the primary function of investigating all forms of human rights violations involving civil and political rights in the Philippines. The Commission is composed of a Chairperson and four members. Commissioners hold a term of office of seven years without reappointment. The Philippine Constitution requires that a majority of the Commission’s members must","title":"Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)"},{"docid":"4633182","text":"the Board of Marine Inquiry eventually cleared Sulpicio Lines of fault in the accident. Subsequent inquiries revealed that \"Vector\" was operating without a license, lookout or properly qualified master. In 1999, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that it was the owners of \"Vector\" who were liable to indemnify the victims of the collision. Some of the claims pursued against either Sulpicio Lines or the owners of \"Vector\", such as those filed by the Cañezal family (who lost two members) and the Macasas family (who lost three members) were adjudicated by the Supreme Court, which found that even the","title":"MV Doña Paz"},{"docid":"9405983","text":"recording of its performance in the June 9, 2004 cultural presentation Handog…Himig at Musika at the Philamlife Auditorium. The latest CD recording features the favorite songs of the Chief Justice and Mrs. Artemio V. Panganiban. Supreme Court Choir The Supreme Court Choir of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is a choir in the Philippines. Its songs include hymns, folk songs, original Pilipino music, standards, and madrigals. The musical director is Eduardo R. Nepomuceno, an alumnus of the Philippine Madrigals and a music arranger. Public performances have brought the choir to venues such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines,","title":"Supreme Court Choir"},{"docid":"4812052","text":"and assist all the judges in the various registry benches of the Lahore High Court. In the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the Philippine Court of Appeals, recent law graduates and young lawyers can apply for a position as a \"Court Attorney\" to a Justice. This position basically corresponds to what is called a \"law clerk\" at the Supreme Court of the United States. Each of the 15 Supreme Court justices has 5 to 10 court attorneys at any given time. Court attorneys at the Supreme Court of the Philippines are co-terminus with their justices. Some stay for one","title":"Law clerk"},{"docid":"9374219","text":"lawyers. Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruben Reyes was tasked to investigate and submit recommendation to the High Tribunal because of the alleged massive graft and corruption of justices, especially in the issuance of temporary restraining orders (TROs). On February 1, 2018, the Court celebrated its 82nd Anniversary. The current President of the Association of The Court of Appeals Employees (ACAE) is Edwin S. Avanceña. Court of Appeals of the Philippines The Court of Appeals of the Philippines () is the second-highest judicial court in the Philippines, next to the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals consists of 1 Presiding Justice","title":"Court of Appeals of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9596276","text":"of the Philippines in December 1941 effectively prevented the Supreme Court organized under the Commonwealth government. When the Japanese reestablished the Court in 1942, none of the incumbent members of the old Court were appointed to the new tribunal headed by José Yulo. Díaz would be one of two Supreme Court Justices who were executed by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Battle of Manila in 1945. On February 10, the then-paralyzed Díaz and two of his sons were among 300 men herded by the Japanese army and lined up along the corner of Taft Avenue and Padre Faura in","title":"Anacleto Díaz"},{"docid":"10383119","text":"in the Philippines. The Board is headed by a Chairman who is a retired justice of a collegiate court (i.e., Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, Court of Tax Appeals, etc.). Regular members of the Board include a representative from each of the following: The Board has made legal reforms which include—the stricter selection of law students and law professors; improvements in quality of instruction and facilities of law schools; provisions for legal apprenticeship of law students; and the requirement of attendance to continuing legal education seminars for practicing attorneys. Lawyers with names appearing in the \"Rolls of Attorneys of","title":"Legal education in the Philippines"},{"docid":"5051976","text":"regional (Judicial Qualification Collegia) and national (Supreme Qualification Collegium) levels. They play a key role in the appointment, promotion and dismissal of judges. Some judges serve as a court chairperson. The court chairperson is solely responsible for the allocation of cases to judges, has considerable powers in the matters of appointment, and makes the initial recommendation for disciplinary measures, in particular dismissal. Judges are appointed by the Federation Council, and serve for life. Candidates are recommended by the Qualification Collegia / Supreme Qualification Collegium to the President, who in turn recommends candidates to the Federation Council. The judges of the","title":"Judiciary of Russia"},{"docid":"17015369","text":"Carolina Griño-Aquino Carolina Griño-Aquino (October 22, 1923 – December 24, 2012) was a Filipino judge. She served as a Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines prior to being appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines by President Corazon Aquino in 1988. She served on the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice from February 2, 1988 until October 22, 1993. Griño-Aquino was the fourth woman after Associate Justices Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera and Irene Cortes. Her husband, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Ramon Aquino, had previously served on the Court from","title":"Carolina Griño-Aquino"},{"docid":"12526799","text":"constitution to ensure the freedom of the people and the return to democratic rule. A constitutional commission was soon called to draft a new constitution for the country. The Constitutional Commission was composed of fifty members appointed by Aquino from varied backgrounds including several former members of the House of Representatives, former justices of the Supreme Court, a Roman Catholic bishop, and political activists against the Marcos regime. The Commission elected Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, as its president. Several issues were of particular contention during the Commission's sessions, including the form of government to","title":"Constitution of the Philippines"},{"docid":"15856498","text":"Bienvenido Reyes Bienvenido \"Bogie\" Lorenzo Reyes (born July 6, 1947) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He left the Court of Appeals on August 23, 2011 to assume his seat on the Supreme Court. Reyes administered the oath of his fraternity brother, Rodrigo Duterte as the 16th President of the Philippines on his inauguration rites held at Malacañang Palace on June 30, 2016. After finishing his pre-law at the University of Santo Tomas, Reyes took up his law degree at the San Beda College of Law where","title":"Bienvenido Reyes"},{"docid":"4349766","text":"Court of the Philippines was officially established on June 11, 1901 through the passage of Act No. 136, otherwise known as the Judiciary Law of the Second Philippine Commission. By virtue of that law, judicial power in the Philippine Islands was vested in the Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance and Justice of the Peace courts. Other courts were subsequently established. The judicial structure introduced by Act No. 136 was reaffirmed by the US Congress with the passage of the Philippine Bill of 1902. The Administrative Code of 1917 ordained the Supreme Court as the highest tribunal of the Philippines","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"12092727","text":"Elections, a governor of the Philippine central bank, members of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, two Justices of the Supreme Court, a Vice-President of the Philippines, and a President of the Philippines. The current dean of the School of Economics is Prof. Orville C. Solon, Ph.D. University of the Philippines School of Economics The University of the Philippines School of Economics is a degree-granting unit of the University of the Philippines (U.P.). It is located in U.P.'s flagship campus in Diliman, Quezon City, where it occupies the buildings of the Philippine Center for Economic Development (PCED). The school","title":"University of the Philippines School of Economics"},{"docid":"14189012","text":"seats. Under Sections 2 and 3, Article XI, Constitution of the Philippines, the House of Representatives of the Philippines has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment against, the President, Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, members of the Constitutional Commissions (Commission on Elections, Commission on Audit), and the Ombudsman. When a third of its membership has endorsed the impeachment articles, it is then transmitted to the Senate of the Philippines which tries and decide, as impeachment tribunal, on the impeachment case. On October 25, 2007, Arroyo granted a pardon to Joseph Estrada, supposedly based on the","title":"Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo"},{"docid":"15856503","text":"2011 when he was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by President Benigno Aquino III with a very clean docket. Reyes was born at Catanghalan, Obando, Bulacan. He is married to Teresita Jacinta Reyes (Archivist at Asian Development Bank) with their 2 children, Dennis Reyes and Benson Michael Reyes. Bienvenido Reyes Bienvenido \"Bogie\" Lorenzo Reyes (born July 6, 1947) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He left the Court of Appeals on August 23, 2011 to assume his seat on the Supreme Court. Reyes administered the","title":"Bienvenido Reyes"},{"docid":"9474888","text":"Sales of Goods,” “Transnational Law Practice,” “International Law Teaching in the Philippines,” “Doing Business in the Philippines,” “Foreign Judgment [Monetary] Enforcements in the Philippines,” “Piercing the Veil of Corporate Entity: From Willets to Santos,” “ASEAN Conflict of Law,” and “The Supreme Court and Public International Law.” Justice Azcuna is married to Maria Asuncion Aunario, a professor of St. Scholastica’s College. They have four children: Anna Maria, Ma. Beatriz, Ma. Margarita and Miguel Enrique. Source: SC Public Information Office Since the creation of the Philippine Supreme Court in 1901, no presidential appointment of a Supreme Court Associate had ever been nullified","title":"Adolfo Azcuna"},{"docid":"4349756","text":"a result, the existence of “grave abuse of discretion” on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government is sufficient basis to nullify state action. The Court is authorized to sit either \"en banc\" or in divisions of 3, 5 or 7 members. Since the 1970s, the Court has constituted itself in 3 divisions with 5 members each. A majority of the cases are heard and decided by the divisions, rather than the court \"en banc\". However, the Constitution requires that the Court hear \"en banc\" “[a]ll cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement,","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9858055","text":"Victorino Mapa Victorino Montano Mapa (February 25, 1855 – April 12, 1927) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and later, as the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American colonial Insular Government. He was homeschooled during his childhood. Later, he earned his Bachelor of Arts from Colegio de San Juan de Letran and his degree of Bachelor of Laws and Jurisprudence from the University of Santo Tomas at the age of 25. He was appointed an Associate Justice of the newly created Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1901,","title":"Victorino Mapa"},{"docid":"9394774","text":"1997 Supreme Court decision, however, was overturned by the same Supreme Court in the motion for reconsideration by Sigaw ng Bayan, with the Supreme Court announcing in November 2006 that there is an adequate enabling law for the People's Initiative mode to propose amendments to the Constitution. In December 2006, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr. attempted to push for the constitutional change process by convening the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the Senate of the Philippines into a Constituent Assembly, or \"con-ass,\" one of the three modes by which the 1987 Constitution could be amended. Once again,","title":"Constitutional reform in the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349778","text":"out of 99 countries. This makes the Philippines the most improved among ASEAN member nations. \"Results showed that the country ranked high in terms of constraints on government powers (39th); absence of corruption (47th), and open government (50th).\" \"The Philippines, however, fell to the bottom half of the global rankings in terms of regulatory enforcement (52nd); order and security (58th); criminal justice (66th); fundamental rights (67th), and civil justice (75th).\" \"Watch the Supreme Court\" coalition was launched at the Training Center, Ground Floor, Supreme Court Centennial Bldg on November 17, 2008, \"to ensure the fair and honest selection of the","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349769","text":"which heretofore was under the Department of Justice. After the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, President Corazon Aquino, using her emergency powers, promulgated a transitory charter known as the “Freedom Constitution” which did not affect the composition and powers of the Supreme Court. The Freedom Charter was replaced by the 1987 Constitution which is the fundamental charter in force in the Philippines at present. Section 1 Article VIII of the Constitution vests the judicial power “in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” The Supreme Court approved the Writ of Amparo","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"16215056","text":"the Senate Sergeant-at-Arms to review the CCTV to identify the \"small lady\". The prosecution proceeded to present the third article of impeachment: Corona's alleged \"flip-flopping\" on Supreme Court cases. The prosecution first presented Roberto Anduiza, president of the Flight Attendants and Stewards Association of the Philippines (FASAP), which had sued Philippine Airlines for laying off its members while on strike. Anduiza said that Corona participated from the deliberations even if Supreme Court spokesperson Midas Marquez earlier said that the Chief Justice was recusing. Anduiza told the court that FASAP originally won the case at the National Labor Relations Commission, but","title":"Impeachment of Renato Corona"},{"docid":"13459406","text":"Judicial review in the Philippines As early as 1936, the Philippine Supreme Court had unequivocally asserted its constitutional authority to engage in judicial review. This power was affirmed in the Supreme Court decision in \"Angara v. Electoral Commission\", 63 Phil. 139 (1936). Nonetheless, the Supreme Court would, in the next several decades, often decline to exercise judicial review by invoking the political question doctrine. In 1987, the constitutional convention formed to draft a new charter decided to provide for a definition of \"judicial power\" as a means of inhibiting the Supreme Court from frequently resorting to the political question doctrine.","title":"Judicial review in the Philippines"},{"docid":"19082621","text":"the term of then President Ferdinand Marcos. Members of the Tribunal receive a monthly allowance of 100,000 Philippine pesos on top of their regular salary. Presidential Electoral Tribunal The Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) is an electoral tribunal that decides election protests involving the election of the President of the Philippines and Vice President of the Philippines. It is composed of justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The equivalent tribunals for the Congress of the Philippines are House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and the Senate Electoral Tribunal. It was established under Republic Act No. 1793 on June 21, 1957","title":"Presidential Electoral Tribunal"},{"docid":"1724128","text":"required to obtain a Certificate of Legal Practice in Laws of Malaysia. Law degree programs are considered graduate programs in the Philippines. As such, admission to law schools requires the completion of a bachelor's degree, with a sufficient number of credits or units in certain subject areas. Legal education in the Philippines is regulated and supervised by the LEGAL EDUCATION BOARD, a statutorily created independent Body chaired by a retired member of the Supreme Court or of the Court of Appeals. Its first chairman is Justice Hilarion Aquino. Sitting as members of the Board are a representative of the law","title":"Legal education"},{"docid":"3461850","text":"law clerks and research associates at the Supreme Court Library. The Supreme Court hires the law clerks based on the recommendations provided by their professors from their respected universities and colleges. Law clerks reviews the petitions for writ of certiorari, research them, prepare bench memorandums, and draft opinions, and reported back to the supreme court's administrative registrar. As of current, the supreme court has 10 law clerks for the 2016–17 year. The Pakistan Bar Council provides qualification for senior advocates, barristers, lawyers, and selected civil court judges to be elevated as Advocate Supreme Court (ASC) based on individual experience, qualifications,","title":"Supreme Court of Pakistan"},{"docid":"17410966","text":"Hugo Gutierrez Jr. Hugo Gutierrez Jr. (January 29, 1927 – June 12, 2013) was a Filipino jurist and civil liberties advocate. Gutierrez served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines May 14, 1982 - March 31, 1993. He had to resign in disgrace because of plagiarism that dealt with the Supreme Court Case with Eastern Telecommunications Philippines v. PLDT Decision. This plagiarism was uncovered by a young attorney, Arthur Lim, who is now part of COMELEC. He worked in the Office of the Solicitor General before joining the Supreme Court. Gutierrez was appointed to the Supreme","title":"Hugo Gutierrez Jr."},{"docid":"9874170","text":"exclusively in Congress...\" and \"there is no proper submission to the people there being no freedom of speech, press and assembly, and there being no sufficient time to inform the people of the contents thereof.\" On January 15, 1973, while the Plebiscite Cases were being heard in the Supreme Court, the president signed Proclamation 1102, which states that the 1973 Constitution was \"ratified by an overwhelming majority of all the votes cast by the members of all the Barangays (Citizens Assemblies) throughout the Philippines...\" during the 1973 constitutional plebiscite. By virtue of that decree, the Supreme Court dismissed the case","title":"Ratification Cases"},{"docid":"10687514","text":"Jr., served as Chancellor of the University of the Philippines Manila. They have three children: Florentino III, Victoria Lourdes and Milagros Gloria. Herrera was elevated to the Supreme Court by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1979. When Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency following the 1986 EDSA Revolution, the incumbent members of the Supreme Court, all of whom were Marcos appointees, were asked to resign. Herrera, along with Claudio Teehankee, Sr., Vicente Abad Santos, Nestor Alampay, and Hugo Gutierrez, Jr. were the only incumbent justices who retained their seats on the bench. Aquino, however, however opted to extend new appointments to these","title":"Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera"},{"docid":"2425476","text":"pleadings. Though there is only one Supreme Court in the Philippines, the citation of its decisions varies, depending on which report of a case is relied on by the person citing that case. The \"Philippine Reports\" is the official reporter of decisions of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The standard format for citation of the \"Philippine Reports\" is: where: As of present, Philippine cases are contained in quarterly issues. The Supreme Court Reports Annotated or SCRA are cited as such: Juarez v. Court of Appeals 214 SCRA 475 where 214 is the volume of the book, and 475 is","title":"Case citation"},{"docid":"10401988","text":"Arturo Brion Arturo Dizon Brion (born December 29, 1946) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He took his oath as a member of the Supreme Court on March 17, 2008. From 2006 until his appointment to the Supreme Court, Brion had served as in the Cabinet of President Macapagal-Arroyo as the Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). Brion was born on December 29, 1946 in the city of Manila, Philippines. He is the son of Edon B. Brion (a retired trial court judge) and Laura S. Dizon. He grew up and","title":"Arturo Brion"},{"docid":"20775403","text":"ouster also kicks open the door for wanton removals of members of other constitutional bodies, such as the Commission on Human Rights. ... Ultimately, the rejection of constitutional checks and balances concentrates power in the hands of Duterte and his allies, posing the greatest danger to democracy in the Philippines since the Marcos dictatorship.\" With the removal of Maria Lourdes Sereno from her post as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, she altogether leaves the high court. When she was appointed Chief Justice, she vacated her position as Associate Justice and therefore cannot assume her former position","title":"Quo warranto petition against Maria Lourdes Sereno"},{"docid":"2486223","text":"On April 28, 2004, the Philippines Supreme Court reversed the ruling of a lower court ordering five religious leaders to refrain from endorsing a candidate for elective office. Manila Judge Conception Alarcon-Vergara had ruled that the \"head of a religious organization who influences or threatens to punish members could be held liable for coercion and violation of citizen's right to vote freely\". The lawsuit filed by Social Justice Society party stated that \"the Church's active participation in partisan politics, using the awesome voting strength of its faithful flock, will enable it to elect men to public office who will in","title":"Religion in the Philippines"},{"docid":"5425700","text":"from the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Court of Appeals and other legal luminaries, namely Justice Lucas P. Bersamin, Justice Dante O. Tinga, Justice Normandie B. Pizzaro, Justice Japar B. Dimaampao, Justice Franchito N. Diamante and Arturo G. Tayag. Also UE has produced many government officials, such as members of the Congress of the Philippines, governors and mayors. Famous legal counsels, atty. Ferdinand Topacio, chief of the Public Attorney's Office Persida Rueda-Acosta and famous election lawyer Romulo Macalintal. Famous poets who spearheaded the second successful modernist movement in Filipino poetry, such as National Artist Virgilio S. Almario, Teo Antonio and","title":"University of the East"},{"docid":"12469253","text":"until October, and over 60 Muslim houses were torched by the Ilaga. Increased tensions in the Philippines since 2008 have since seen the reemergence of the armed vigilante group calling themselves the Bag-ong Ilaga (Visayan: \"New Ilaga\"). Since 2008, violence flared up with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Armed Forces of the Philippines after the Supreme Court of the Philippines overruled the proposed treaty for an Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. In November 2008, the Ilaga killed five Muslim civilians in an ambush in Lanao del Norte. In 2012, two members of the group committed robbery and also","title":"Ilaga"},{"docid":"5713022","text":"presidency and vice presidency (1935), senators (1916, or as the Taft Commission, in September 1, 1901) and the members of the House of Representatives (1907 as the Philippine Assembly). The power to appoint the chief justice lies with the president, who makes the selection from a list of three nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. There is no material difference in the process of selecting a chief justice from that in the selection of associate justices. As with the other justices of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is obliged to retire upon reaching the age of 70;","title":"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"8471924","text":"Judicial and Bar Council The Judicial and Bar Council (JBC; ) of the Philippines is a constitutionally-created body that recommends appointees for vacancies that may arise in the composition of the Supreme Court, other lower courts, and the Legal Education Board, and in the offices of the Ombudsman, Deputy Ombudsman and the Special Prosecutor. The Council is composed of a representative of the Integrated Bar, a professor of law, a retired member of the Supreme Court, and a representative of the private sector. They are the \"regular\" members, as opposed to the Secretary of Justice and a representative of Congress","title":"Judicial and Bar Council"},{"docid":"9386738","text":"chapter commemorated its 75th Anniversary on March 7, 2007. The unique influence of the Philippines Alpha chapter is recorded in Scott Johnston’s work, \"Pi Gamma Mu International Honor Society in Social Science First 75 Years\": “Again the quality of the people elected to the Philippines Alpha chapter has been most impressive. They have included two Presidents of the Republic, two Prime Ministers, a dozen Supreme Court Justices, and two dozen Cabinet members. Concerning the University of the Philippines itself, there have been six Presidents, a dozen Vice Chancellors and dozens upon dozens of Deans of the University.” Pi Gamma Mu","title":"Pi Gamma Mu"},{"docid":"1940802","text":"Senate of the Philippines which tries and decide, as impeachment tribunal, the impeachment case. A main difference from US proceedings however is that only a third of House members are required to approve the motion to impeach the President (as opposed to the majority required in the United States). In the Senate, selected members of the House of Representatives act as the prosecutors and the Senators act as judges with the Senate President and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court jointly presiding over the proceedings. Like the United States, to convict the official in question requires that a minimum of","title":"President of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9534052","text":"as members of each division. As most Supreme Court cases are decided by the division rather than the en banc, a vote of three Justices sitting in a division is usually sufficient to decide the case. However, the Constitution prescribes instances whereby a case must be decided en banc, such as in declaring a law as unconstitutional or when a judicial precedent is overturned. Each vote can be crucial, as recently shown in the 2006 People's Initiative case (\"Lambino v. COMELEC\"), which was decided en banc by an 8-7 vote. As a case is decided, one justice in the majority","title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"15650918","text":"of the Philippines, who called it \"an unfortunate incident.\" The incident was likewise condemned by San Beda Rector Aloysius Maranan, Akbayan Youth Chairperson Marlon Cornelio, and Negros fraternities. Several members of six fraternities gathered at Quezon City on October 1 to participate in a candlelighting event and express their sympathies. Renato Corona, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, said in a statement that he had already ordered the Supreme Court security, the MPD, and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) to investigate the matter and \"to identify the perpetrators of this senseless act of cowardice, and bring them to the","title":"2010 Philippine Bar exam bombing"},{"docid":"7946888","text":"to be given the rights of audience in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The exams are usually conducted to ensure that the quality of lawyers being produced is maintained to a certain level. The interview is then another opportunity for a senior judge and members of the provincial Bar Council to meet the candidate and see if he or she is fit to be admitted as an advocate of the lower courts/ High Courts or the Supreme Court. To practice law in the Philippines, one must have fulfilled the non-academic and academic requirements. For non-academic requirements, one must be a","title":"Admission to practice law"},{"docid":"1940791","text":"over local government units. The President also serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. This includes the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and to declare Martial law. With the consent of the Commission on Appointments, the president also appoints the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, and other officials. The members of the Supreme Court and lower courts are also appointed by the president, but only from the list of nominees","title":"President of the Philippines"},{"docid":"1940801","text":"which must be taken before they enter into office: The Filipino text of the oath used for the inaugurations of Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Ejercito Estrada, and Benigno S. Aquino III reads: Impeachment in the Philippines follows procedures similar to the United States. The House of Representatives, one of the houses of the bicameral Congress, has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment against the President, Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, members of the Constitutional Commissions and the Ombudsman. When a third of its membership has endorsed the impeachment articles, it is then transmitted to the","title":"President of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9558041","text":"concurring opinion in \"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer\", 343 U.S. 579 (1952), remain the subject of academic debate. Cortes resumed teaching at the University of the Philippines after her retirement from the Court. She was the first female Supreme Court Justice to die, on October 28, 1996. Irene Cortes Irene R. Cortes (October 20, 1921 – October 28, 1996) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and a law academician. She was also the first female dean of the University of the Philippines College of Law. Cortes was the third woman to be appointed","title":"Irene Cortes"},{"docid":"9474890","text":"of the Philippines from 2002 to 2009. Adolfo Azcuna Adolfo Sevilla Azcuna (born February 16, 1939) is a Filipino jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 2002 to 2009. He was appointed to the Court by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on October 24, 2002. He is the current Chancellor of the Philippine Judicial Academy (PHILJA), having been appointed to that position by the Supreme Court of the Philippines on June 1, 2009. Azcuna was born in Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte on February 16, 1939. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with","title":"Adolfo Azcuna"},{"docid":"8678590","text":"Claudio Teehankee Claudio Teehankee, CCLH (April 18, 1918 – November 27, 1989) was the 16th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1987 to 1988. He was also the most senior associate justice and chairman of the First Division of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Teehankee was born on April 18, 1918 in Manila, Philippines. His father, José Tee Han Kee, immigrated to the Philippines in 1901 from Fujian province in China. He was a close associate and friend of Sun Yat-Sen, and was active in the struggle to liberate China from the Qing dynasty. Teehankee","title":"Claudio Teehankee"},{"docid":"9558037","text":"Irene Cortes Irene R. Cortes (October 20, 1921 – October 28, 1996) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and a law academician. She was also the first female dean of the University of the Philippines College of Law. Cortes was the third woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines after Cecilia Muñoz-Palma and Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera. Cortes was born in Legazpi City, where she completed her intermediate studies. She studied law in the University of the Philippines College of Law, where she obtained her law degree in 1948. She then pursued graduate","title":"Irene Cortes"},{"docid":"3461831","text":"the qualification summary before the nomination sent to executive. There has been \"Ad hoc\" appointment in the supreme court made when the quorum of Judges is not possible to complete the sitting number of justices in the court, or if it is necessary to increase the number of justices in the Supreme Court. The nomination comes directly from the Judicial Commission chiared by the Chief Justice who prepares the nomination summary as President confirms their appointments. As of current, there are two justices are on the \"ad-hoc\" appointment that are from the Federal Sharia Court. A judge of the Supreme","title":"Supreme Court of Pakistan"},{"docid":"10265709","text":"the Personnel Management Association of the Philippines, and the \"Supreme Court Centenary Book Award\" from the Supreme Court of the Philippines during its centennial anniversary celebrations on June 8, 2001. Cesario Azucena Cesario Alvero Azucena Jr., popularly known as Ces Azucena or C.A. Azucena, is a prominent labor lawyer, professor, management consultant, and author in the Philippines. Azucena obtained a Bachelor of Laws degree from Ateneo Law School, a Master of Public Administration from the University of the Philippines, and has attended courses in the Master of Business Administration program of De La Salle Professional Schools. Azucena was once an","title":"Cesario Azucena"},{"docid":"16147742","text":"and Associates (1993–1996). Bernabe was the third appointee of President Benigno Aquino III to the Supreme Court of the Philippines as an associate justice on September 16, 2011. She replaced then Justice Conchita Carpio Morales, who retired from the Bench on June 19, 2011 to assume the position of Ombudsman of the Philippines. She voted in favor of the burial of former president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos in the Libingan ng Mga Bayani. Estela Perlas-Bernabe Estela Perlas-Bernabe (born May 14, 1952) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the third appointee to the High Court","title":"Estela Perlas-Bernabe"},{"docid":"4961908","text":"in the Philippines. The UP Manila Campus Planning, Development and Maintenance Office (CPDMO) offers planning and design services to all sectors of the university. It manages the creation of spaces that support and enhance teaching, research, and public service activities of UP Manila. It is also tasked to recover the lots and buildings that belongs to the university which are now occupied by the Court of Appeals, Department of Justice and the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Only the Supreme Court has announced its plans to vacate its UP Campus site in Manila and move to its own building located","title":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"docid":"20957728","text":"Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General refers to a petition filed by Filipino lawyer Jesus Falcis before the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The high court was asked about the constitutionality of the provision of the Family Code of the Philippines defining marriage as \"between a man and a woman\". The petition was filed by Atty. Jesus Falcis in 2015. On March 2018, the Supreme Court of the Philippines approved the scheduling of a same-sex marriage petition that seeks to invalidate Articles 1 and 2 of the Family Code. During the second week of June 2018,","title":"Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General"},{"docid":"10383129","text":"exams. To be a full-fledged lawyer in the Philippines and be eligible to use the title \"Attorney\", a candidate must graduate from a Philippine law school, take and pass the Philippine Bar Examinations, the candidate who passed the bar examinations is entitled to take and subscribe before the Supreme Court special en banc session the corresponding Attorney's Oath, as follows: The certificate to practice law will be granted by the Supreme Court after the lawyer sign his name in the \"Rolls of Attorneys of the Supreme Court\". The full names of lawyers are found in the \"Rolls of Attorneys of","title":"Legal education in the Philippines"},{"docid":"4349763","text":"official establishment of the Supreme Court, institutions exercising judicial power were already in existence. Before the Spaniards came, judicial authority was in the hands of barangay chiefs. During the early years of the Spanish government, these powers were vested upon Miguel López de Legazpi, the first Governor-General of the Philippines. He administered civil and criminal justice under the Royal Order of August 14, 1569. The present Supreme Court was preceded by the \"Real Audiencia\", a collegial body established on May 5, 1583 and composed, of a president, four \"oidores\" (justices), and a fiscal, among others. The Chief Judge of the","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"10395796","text":"Integrated Bar of the Philippines The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) is the national organization of lawyers in the Philippines. It is the mandatory bar association for Filipino lawyers. The IBP was established as an official organization for the legal profession by Republic Act No. 6397. The law confirmed the constitutional power of the Philippine Supreme Court to adopt rules for the integration of the Philippine Bar. Consequently, Presidential Decree 181 constituted the IBP into a corporate body in 1973. On January 9, 1973, the Supreme Court ordained the integration of the Philippine Bar. The IBP Constitution and By-Laws","title":"Integrated Bar of the Philippines"},{"docid":"9374211","text":"Court of Appeals of the Philippines The Court of Appeals of the Philippines () is the second-highest judicial court in the Philippines, next to the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals consists of 1 Presiding Justice and 68 Associate Justices. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Court of Appeals \"reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals, as well as the awards, judgments, final orders or resolutions of, or authorized by twenty-one (21) quasi-judicial agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of","title":"Court of Appeals of the Philippines"},{"docid":"2878326","text":"for himself. In 1995, the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (PACC) was linked to the killing of 11 members of Kuratong Baleleng in Quezon City. In 2003, the High Tribunal ordered the Quezon City Regional Trial Court to try the case against Lacson and 33 other police officials. The trial court however dismissed the criminal case, finding absence of probable cause. The special prosecuting team later moved for new trial before the High Tribunal to remand case to the trial court to present new evidence against Senator Lacson, inter alia. On May 2, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines resolved to","title":"Panfilo Lacson"},{"docid":"16515681","text":"of Law of the University of the Philippines and at the Institute of Law of the Far Eastern University. Afterwards, he became an Assistant Fiscal of the City of Manila and then a Judge to the Court of First Instance. Before his appointment as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court of the Philippines on May 31, 1984, he was an Associate Justice of the Intermediate Appellate Court. In 2012, Justice Cuevas was the lead counsel of the defense panel against the impeachment of former Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona. Justice Cuevas died on 9 February 2014 due to","title":"Serafin R. Cuevas"},{"docid":"4349753","text":"1987 Constitution. These functions may be generally divided into two – judicial functions and administrative functions. The administrative functions of the Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees, as well as over members of the Philippine bar. Pursuant to these functions, the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary. The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to the practice of law, for legal assistance to the underprivileged,","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"14820924","text":"the Philippines. He was re-elected for a second term on 20 November 2017 after UK's nominee Christopher Greenwood withdrew his nomination Dalveer Bhandari Dalveer Bhandari (born 1 October 1947) is an Indian member of the International Court of Justice and was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. Dalveer Bhandari comes from an illustrious line of lawyers. Both his father, Mahaveer Chand Bhandari, and grandfather, B.C. Bhandari, were members of the Rajasthan bar. He acquired degrees in the humanities and law from Jodhpur University and practised in the Rajasthan High Court from 1968 to 1970. In June 1970, he","title":"Dalveer Bhandari"},{"docid":"4349758","text":"by a lower court. Appealed cases generally originate from lawsuits or criminal indictments filed and tried before the trial courts. These decisions of the trial courts may then be elevated on appeal to the Court of Appeals, or more rarely, directly to the Supreme Court if only “questions of law” are involved. Apart from decisions of the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court may also directly review on appeal decisions rendered by the Sandiganbayan and the Court of Tax Appeals. Decisions rendered by administrative agencies are not directly appealable to the Supreme Court, they must be first challenged before the","title":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"docid":"14817664","text":"United Nations, World Bank, and US Agency for International Development. Sereno served as a co-counsel with Justice Florentino Feliciano on the Fraport case in Singapore, in which the Republic of the Philippines won the case. In August 2010, she was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, its 169th Member and the first appointee to the High Court by President Benigno Aquino III. Sereno, the 13th woman appointed as Justice of the Supreme Court, was the youngest appointee to the court since Manuel Moran in 1945 until Marvic Leonen surpassed her at the age of 49 in","title":"Maria Lourdes Sereno"},{"docid":"19621242","text":"November 6, 2009 Perez was appointed by then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as her 14th appointee to the court. In 2012, Perez was nominated by the Asia Pacific Bar Association for appointment to the Chief Justice position vacated by Renato Corona. Jose Perez (judge) Jose Portugal Perez (born December 14, 1946) is a Filipino lawyer who was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines in 2009. He had served the Supreme Court of the Philippines administration from 1971, starting as Technical assistant and attaining the post of Court Administrator in 2008. He is the only member of the","title":"Jose Perez (judge)"},{"docid":"9534049","text":"of the Court are mandated to retire upon reaching the age of 70. (\"sec. 11, Article VIII\") They may also be removed from office through impeachment, which is accomplished through a resolution of impeachment affirmed by a 1/3 vote of all members of the House of Representatives and conviction by 2/3 vote of all members of the Senate. Since 1901, there has always been only one Chief Justice. In contrast, the number of Associate Justices has wildly varied. From the original number of six (1901–1916), this was increased to eight (1916–1935), then to ten (1935–1940). During the years 1940-1945, the","title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"9534047\",\n \"text\": \"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The Chief Justice presides over the High Court, but carries only 1 of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the Chief Justice is deemed as \\\"primus inter pares\\\" (\\\"first among equals\\\") among the Justices. Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the Court. Since\",\n \"title\": \"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349768\",\n \"text\": \"Court increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who sat \\\"en banc\\\" or in two divisions of five members each. Article V of the Treaty of Manila (1946) abolished the U.S. Supreme Court's appellate authority over the Supreme Court of the Philippines, but provided that Philippine appeals pending before the U.S. Supreme Court would be allowed to run to completion. Under the 1973 Constitution, the membership of the Supreme Court was increased to 15. The justices sat en banc or in divisions. The 1973 Constitution also vested in the Supreme Court administrative supervision over all lower courts\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9534048\",\n \"text\": \"then, 13 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. Under the 1987 Constitution, the minimum requirements for appointment to the Supreme Court are natural born citizenship; 40 years of age; and 15 years or more as a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. (\\\"sec. 7(1), Article VIII\\\") The members of the Court are appointed by the President from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. (\\\"sec. 9, Article VIII\\\") The appointment is not subject to confirmation by Congress. Members\",\n \"title\": \"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349767\",\n \"text\": \"with nine members: a chief justice and eight associate justices. Its decisions could be further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel were among the first appointees to replace the American justices. With the ratification of the 1935 Constitution in a plebiscite held on May 14, 1935, the membership in the Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10383120\",\n \"text\": \"the Supreme Court\\\", unless disbarred, are all members of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP). However, to be IBP members of good standing, lawyers are required to complete, every three years, at least thirty-six hours of continuing legal education seminars approved by the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Committee (MCLE). Members who fail to comply shall pay a non-compliance fee, and shall be listed as a delinquent member. The Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Office, established by the Supreme Court, is the official government agency tasked to implement compliance with the MCLE requirement. The MCLE Office is headed by former Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Legal education in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10385378\",\n \"text\": \"graduates and faculty members, such as Ambrosio Padilla, Bienvenido Ambion, and Violeta Calvo-Drilon—in the latter case, creating some controversy, given the involvement of the deceased in an Integrated Bar of the Philippines election scandal that ultimately needed the involvement of the Philippine Supreme Court. There is also an airconditioned moot court resembling the trial courts in the Philippines, a student lounge and an auditorium. Fronting the auditorium is the main lobby of Malcolm Hall. On its walls are inscribed a quotation from the American Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. – A historical marker was unveiled at the façade\",\n \"title\": \"University of the Philippines College of Law\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10383128\",\n \"text\": \"exam for admission to the practice of law. It is conducted during the four Sundays of September, or October, or November of every year. It is arguably the hardest and the most media-covered of all government licensure examinations in the country. It is also reputedly one of the hardest bar examinations in the world. For candidates intending to practice Islamic law in the Philippines, the \\\"Special Bar Exams for Shari'a Court Lawyers\\\" is given every two years. The Supreme Court Bar Office conducts the exam while the Office of Muslim Affairs determines the qualification and eligibility of candidates to the\",\n \"title\": \"Legal education in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349751\",\n \"text\": \"fills the vacancy by appointing a person from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. Supreme Court Justices are obliged to retire upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70. Some Justices have opted to retire before reaching the age of 70, such as Florentino Feliciano, who retired at 67 to accept appointment to the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization and Alicia Austria-Martinez who retired at 68 due to health reasons. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides that: \\\"Section 11, Article VIII. The Members of the Supreme Court xxx shall\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349779\",\n \"text\": \"7 Associate Justices of the Supreme Court on 2009.\\\" Members of “Bantay Korte Suprema” include retired Philippine presidents, retired Supreme Court justices, legislators, legal practitioners, the academe, the business community and the media. former Senate President Jovito Salonga, UP Law Dean Marvic Leonen, Senate Majority Leader and Judicial and Bar Council member Kiko Pangilinan, the Philippine Bar Association, Artemio Panganiban, and Rodolfo Urbiztondo, of the 48,000-strong Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), and the chambers of commerce, witnessed the landmark event. BKS will neither select nor endorse a candidate, “but if it receive information that makes a candidate incompetent, it\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20197975\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines Building Complex, Bonifacio Global City The Supreme Court of the Philippines is due to move to a proposed building to be built at the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Metro Manila. The Supreme Court of the Philippines occupies a buildings on a lot owned by the University of the Philippines Manila. The court has not own its own property in its almost 100 years of existence. As early as August 2014, the Supreme Court has expressed its plans to move to Bonifacio Global City (BGC). In July 2015, the court was reportedly prospecting to buy\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines Building Complex, Bonifacio Global City\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12526805\",\n \"text\": \"provides for the qualification, terms of office, election, and power and functions of the President. It also provides for a Vice President and for the presidential line of succession. Article VIII vests the judicial power upon the Supreme Court and other lower courts as may be established by law (by Congress). While the power to appoint justices and judges still reside with the President, the President may only appoint nominees pre-selected by the Judicial and Bar Council, a body composed of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Secretary of Justice, the Chairs of the Senate and House Committees\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349781\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court of the Philippines (; colloquially referred to as \\\"Korte Suprema\\\") is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has \\\"administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof\\\". The Supreme Court Complex, which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus, occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila, with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital.\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349749\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court of the Philippines (; colloquially referred to as \\\"Korte Suprema\\\") is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has \\\"administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof\\\". The Supreme Court Complex, which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus, occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila, with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital.\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1920010\",\n \"text\": \"past members of the U.S. federal courts who have graduated from CLS. Internationally, CLS graduates also have occupied prominent judicial positions, including Shi Jiuyong, former president of the International Court of Justice (ICJ); Xue Hanqin, current member of the ICJ; Giuliano Amato, current member of the Constitutional Court of Italy; Jan Schans Christensen ('88 LL.M.), current member of the Supreme Court of Denmark; Susan Denham, current Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Ireland; Marvic Leonen ('04 LL.M.), current member of the Supreme Court of the Philippines; Hironobu Takesaki, current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan; Umu Hawa Tejan-Jalloh, current\",\n \"title\": \"Columbia Law School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5713027\",\n \"text\": \"be removed thru \\\"quo warranto\\\" after it was determined that she had been unlawfully holding office \\\"ab initio\\\"). The Chief Justice also names the three justices each from the Supreme Court in the memberships of the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and the Senate Electoral Tribunal. The chief justice is the chief executive officer of the Philippine judiciary system and together with the whole Supreme Court, exercises administrative supervision over all courts and personnel. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4968021\",\n \"text\": \"Nominating Commission is responsible for recruiting and interviewing applicants to fill vacancies on the Indiana Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Tax Court. It then sends three nominees for each vacancy to the governor. The Judicial Qualification Commission investigates complaints of judicial misconduct and files charges where appropriate. Both commissions have the same members and are chaired by the chief justice. The entire Court takes part in the annual Judicial Conference of Indiana, which is attended by all of the state's judges, and recommends improvements to the Court and state judiciary. The Court is also responsible for implementing\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17547243\",\n \"text\": \"top of their regular salary. Successful electoral protests: The chairperson of the SET is always the most senior justice of the Supreme Court that's sitting in the tribunal. These are the members as of the 17th Congress, which first convened on July 25, 2016. Senate Electoral Tribunal The Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) is an electoral tribunal that decides election protests in the Senate of the Philippines. It consists of 6 senators nominated by the Senate, and 3 justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, who are designated by the Chief Justice. The equivalent tribunals for elections to the lower\",\n \"title\": \"Senate Electoral Tribunal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7797276\",\n \"text\": \"selected judge shall serve on the Appellate Division and the next in qualification shall serve on the Trial Division. Two current members of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, chosen from said court, will serve on the court and one current member of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal appeals, also chosen by said court, will serve on the court. The final member is an active member of the Oklahoma Bar Association chosen by the Executive Council. Each division of the Court shall select from among its members a presiding judge, and the Courts shall be judge of the qualifications and the disqualification\",\n \"title\": \"Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20605888\",\n \"text\": \"fair play demanded. Hence, this Court should do no less by stamping its imprimatur to the clear and unmistakable legislative intent and by duly recognizing the certain collective wisdom of Congress.” Hence, the 16 municipalities were finally converted into component cities. The League of Cities of the Philippines finally recognized the sixteen newly converted cities in the country, called as the “League of 16,” as its official members on July 19, 2013. League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines about\",\n \"title\": \"League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2745051\",\n \"text\": \"its diverse dependencies. On 8 April 1945, he formed his Cabinet, administering the oath of office to its component members. Later, President Osmeña received the Council of State to help him solve the major problems confronting the nation. Government offices and bureaus were gradually reestablished. A number of new ones were created to meet needs then current. Also restored were the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the inferior courts. The Court of Appeals was abolished and its appellate jurisdiction was transferred to the Supreme Court, the members of which were increased to eleven – one Chief Justice and ten\",\n \"title\": \"Sergio Osmeña\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1399255\",\n \"text\": \"second Philippine President, having directly succeeded Aguinaldo in 1901. President Quezon was given the power under the reorganization act, to appoint the first all-Filipino Philippines in 1935. From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and José P. Laurel were among Quezon's first appointees to replace the American justices. The membership in the Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who\",\n \"title\": \"Manuel L. Quezon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14203420\",\n \"text\": \"in fact and law a de jure government\\\", whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations. This Supreme Court decision significantly affirmed the status of Aquino as the new, legitimate and rightful leader of the Philippines. To fast-track the restoration of a full constitutional government and the writing of a new charter, President Aquino appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission (Con-Com), led by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma. The Con-Com completed its final draft in October 1986 On February 2, 1987, the new Constitution of the Philippines, which put strong emphasis on civil\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Corazon Aquino\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1966315\",\n \"text\": \"Aquino government as \\\"not merely a \\\"de facto\\\" government but in fact and law a \\\"de jure\\\" government\\\", whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations. This Supreme Court decision affirmed the status of Aquino as the rightful leader of the Philippines. To fast-track the restoration of a full constitutional government and the writing of a new charter, she appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission (\\\"Con-Com\\\"), led by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma. The Con-Com completed its final draft in October 1986. On February 2, 1987, the new Constitution of the Philippines, which\",\n \"title\": \"Corazon Aquino\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10395866\",\n \"text\": \"official task force for formulating bar exam questions, instituting policy directives, executing procedures, grading bar examination papers, and releasing the results of the annual bar examination. The committee is chaired by an incumbent Justice of the Supreme Court, who is designated by the Supreme Court to serve for a term of one year. The members of the committee includes eight (8) members of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, who also hold office for a term of one year. While the Justice who shall act as chairman is immediately known, committee members must exert every effort to conceal their identities\",\n \"title\": \"Philippine Bar Examination\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9670384\",\n \"text\": \"Rules, members of the IBP are required every three (3) years to complete at least thirty-six (36) hours of continuing legal education activities approved by an MCLE Committee constituted by the Supreme Court. (Rule 2, Bar Matter No. 850 – Supreme Court of the Philippines) Of the required 36 hours: (a) At least six (6) hours shall be devoted to legal ethics (b) At least four (4) hours shall be devoted to trial and pretrial skills (c) At least five (5) hours shall be devoted to alternative dispute resolution (d) At least nine (9) hours shall be devoted to updates\",\n \"title\": \"Continuing legal education in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9670383\",\n \"text\": \"Continuing legal education in the Philippines Continuing legal education is required of members of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) to ensure that throughout their career, they keep abreast with law and jurisprudence, maintain the ethics of the profession and enhance the standards of the practice of law. The Rules on Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) for members of the legal profession in the Philippines were recommended by the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), endorsed by the Philippine Judicial Academy, and reviewed and passed upon by the Supreme Court Committee on Legal Education in 2001. Under the said\",\n \"title\": \"Continuing legal education in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349765\",\n \"text\": \"by a Royal Decree issued on July 4, 1861, but its decisions were appealable to the Supreme Court of Spain sitting in Madrid. On February 26, 1886, a territorial \\\"Audiencia\\\" was organized in Cebu, followed by an \\\"Audiencia\\\" for criminal cases in Vigan. However, the pre-eminence of the Supreme Court as the sole interpreter of the law was unknown during the Spanish regime. From 1898 to 1901 there was no Supreme Court as the new American Governor-General of the Philippines abolished the colonial Real Audiencia of Manila as the Philippines was under US military law under military rule. The Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5713024\",\n \"text\": \"by the court. He or she carries only 1 vote out of 15 in the court, and is generally regarded, vis-a-vis the other justices, as the \\\"primus inter pares\\\" rather than as the administrative superior of the other members of the court. Still, the influence a chief justice may bear within the court and judiciary, and on the national government cannot be underestimated. In the public eye, any particular Supreme Court is widely identified with the identity of the incumbent chief justice, hence appellations such as \\\"The Fernando Court\\\" or \\\"The Puno Court\\\". Moreover, the chief justice usually retains high\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5051975\",\n \"text\": \"the All-Russian Congress of Judges is the supreme body of the judiciary. The Congress elects the members of the Council of Judges, the self-government body of the judiciary. The Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of Russia is responsible for administration of the courts, such as selection and training of judicial candidates, working with law institutes, and qualifications of judges and other court officers. It is expected to enhance the independence of the judicial branch. It also supports the Council of Judges and the Supreme Qualifying Collegium. Judicial Qualification Collegia are bodies of judicial self-regulation that were established at the\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Russia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14057115\",\n \"text\": \"The chairs of the respective houses' committees of justice shall serve as \\\"ex officio\\\" members of the Judicial and Bar Council. The Chief Justice is the \\\"ex officio\\\" chairman, while the president appoints the members, with confirmation from the Commission on Appointments. The Senate Electoral Tribunal is composed of six senators and three justices of the Supreme Court; the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal on the other hand is composed of six representatives and three justices of the Supreme Court. The Senate President, Senate President \\\"pro tempore\\\" and the Floor Leaders are \\\"ex officio\\\" members of all committees; the majority\",\n \"title\": \"15th Congress of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9534051\",\n \"text\": \"often, the Court also undertakes appellate review of decisions of the trial courts and the Court of Appeals in civil and criminal cases. The Court is also tasked with deciding administrative cases involving members and employees of the judiciary and of lawyers belonging to the Philippine Bar. The decisions of the Court become part of the law of the land. Each Justice carries one vote on the Court which they exercise whether when sitting in Division, or in the full complement of 15 (or \\\"en banc\\\"). Since the 1970s, the Supreme Court has sat in three divisions, with five Justices\",\n \"title\": \"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9405981\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court Choir The Supreme Court Choir of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is a choir in the Philippines. Its songs include hymns, folk songs, original Pilipino music, standards, and madrigals. The musical director is Eduardo R. Nepomuceno, an alumnus of the Philippine Madrigals and a music arranger. Public performances have brought the choir to venues such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Paco Park, universities, hotels and sites outside Manila. The choir performs for the Madz, and at Marian Festival concerts sponsored by the Philippine Madrigal Singers. The singers gave performances during the Centennial Celebrations of the\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court Choir\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18461781\",\n \"text\": \"Ukrainian Bar Association is the most respected association of lawyers in Ukraine with members including the deputy head of the Presidential Administration Oleksiy Filatov, Constitutional Court Judge Stanislav Shevchuk, deputy head of the Supreme Court of Ukraine Oleksiy Muraviev, head of the High qualification commission of judges of Ukraine Serhiy Kozyakov, Judge of the Supreme Court of Ukraine Mykola Husak, deputy head of the Kyiv City State Administration (Mayor's office) Oleksiy Reznikov, Minister of Justice of Ukraine (1995-1997) Serhiy Holovatiy, Head of the Security Service of Ukraine (2005-2006) and deputy Prosecutor General (2003-2003) Ihor Drizhchaniy, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\",\n \"title\": \"Ihor Shevchenko\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5713021\",\n \"text\": \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the Philippines. As of November 28, 2018, the position is currently held by Lucas Bersamin, who was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte following the mandatory retirement of his predecessor Teresita Leonardo-De Castro in October 2018. The Chief Justice, who was first named in June 11, 1901 in the person of Cayetano Arellano, is the oldest existing major governmental office continually held by a Filipino, preceding the\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11735256\",\n \"text\": \"of the Supreme Court contained in G.R. No. 155336, it ruled that the CHR is a ..\\\"constitutional body enjoying limited fiscal autonomy...\\\" Commission on Human Rights (Philippines) The Commission on Human Rights () (CHR) is an independent constitutional office created under the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, with the primary function of investigating all forms of human rights violations involving civil and political rights in the Philippines. The Commission is composed of a Chairperson and four members. Commissioners hold a term of office of seven years without reappointment. The Philippine Constitution requires that a majority of the Commission’s members must\",\n \"title\": \"Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4633182\",\n \"text\": \"the Board of Marine Inquiry eventually cleared Sulpicio Lines of fault in the accident. Subsequent inquiries revealed that \\\"Vector\\\" was operating without a license, lookout or properly qualified master. In 1999, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that it was the owners of \\\"Vector\\\" who were liable to indemnify the victims of the collision. Some of the claims pursued against either Sulpicio Lines or the owners of \\\"Vector\\\", such as those filed by the Cañezal family (who lost two members) and the Macasas family (who lost three members) were adjudicated by the Supreme Court, which found that even the\",\n \"title\": \"MV Doña Paz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9405983\",\n \"text\": \"recording of its performance in the June 9, 2004 cultural presentation Handog…Himig at Musika at the Philamlife Auditorium. The latest CD recording features the favorite songs of the Chief Justice and Mrs. Artemio V. Panganiban. Supreme Court Choir The Supreme Court Choir of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is a choir in the Philippines. Its songs include hymns, folk songs, original Pilipino music, standards, and madrigals. The musical director is Eduardo R. Nepomuceno, an alumnus of the Philippine Madrigals and a music arranger. Public performances have brought the choir to venues such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines,\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court Choir\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4812052\",\n \"text\": \"and assist all the judges in the various registry benches of the Lahore High Court. In the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the Philippine Court of Appeals, recent law graduates and young lawyers can apply for a position as a \\\"Court Attorney\\\" to a Justice. This position basically corresponds to what is called a \\\"law clerk\\\" at the Supreme Court of the United States. Each of the 15 Supreme Court justices has 5 to 10 court attorneys at any given time. Court attorneys at the Supreme Court of the Philippines are co-terminus with their justices. Some stay for one\",\n \"title\": \"Law clerk\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9374219\",\n \"text\": \"lawyers. Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruben Reyes was tasked to investigate and submit recommendation to the High Tribunal because of the alleged massive graft and corruption of justices, especially in the issuance of temporary restraining orders (TROs). On February 1, 2018, the Court celebrated its 82nd Anniversary. The current President of the Association of The Court of Appeals Employees (ACAE) is Edwin S. Avanceña. Court of Appeals of the Philippines The Court of Appeals of the Philippines () is the second-highest judicial court in the Philippines, next to the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals consists of 1 Presiding Justice\",\n \"title\": \"Court of Appeals of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9596276\",\n \"text\": \"of the Philippines in December 1941 effectively prevented the Supreme Court organized under the Commonwealth government. When the Japanese reestablished the Court in 1942, none of the incumbent members of the old Court were appointed to the new tribunal headed by José Yulo. Díaz would be one of two Supreme Court Justices who were executed by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Battle of Manila in 1945. On February 10, the then-paralyzed Díaz and two of his sons were among 300 men herded by the Japanese army and lined up along the corner of Taft Avenue and Padre Faura in\",\n \"title\": \"Anacleto Díaz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10383119\",\n \"text\": \"in the Philippines. The Board is headed by a Chairman who is a retired justice of a collegiate court (i.e., Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, Court of Tax Appeals, etc.). Regular members of the Board include a representative from each of the following: The Board has made legal reforms which include—the stricter selection of law students and law professors; improvements in quality of instruction and facilities of law schools; provisions for legal apprenticeship of law students; and the requirement of attendance to continuing legal education seminars for practicing attorneys. Lawyers with names appearing in the \\\"Rolls of Attorneys of\",\n \"title\": \"Legal education in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5051976\",\n \"text\": \"regional (Judicial Qualification Collegia) and national (Supreme Qualification Collegium) levels. They play a key role in the appointment, promotion and dismissal of judges. Some judges serve as a court chairperson. The court chairperson is solely responsible for the allocation of cases to judges, has considerable powers in the matters of appointment, and makes the initial recommendation for disciplinary measures, in particular dismissal. Judges are appointed by the Federation Council, and serve for life. Candidates are recommended by the Qualification Collegia / Supreme Qualification Collegium to the President, who in turn recommends candidates to the Federation Council. The judges of the\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Russia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17015369\",\n \"text\": \"Carolina Griño-Aquino Carolina Griño-Aquino (October 22, 1923 – December 24, 2012) was a Filipino judge. She served as a Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines prior to being appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines by President Corazon Aquino in 1988. She served on the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice from February 2, 1988 until October 22, 1993. Griño-Aquino was the fourth woman after Associate Justices Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera and Irene Cortes. Her husband, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Ramon Aquino, had previously served on the Court from\",\n \"title\": \"Carolina Griño-Aquino\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12526799\",\n \"text\": \"constitution to ensure the freedom of the people and the return to democratic rule. A constitutional commission was soon called to draft a new constitution for the country. The Constitutional Commission was composed of fifty members appointed by Aquino from varied backgrounds including several former members of the House of Representatives, former justices of the Supreme Court, a Roman Catholic bishop, and political activists against the Marcos regime. The Commission elected Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, as its president. Several issues were of particular contention during the Commission's sessions, including the form of government to\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15856498\",\n \"text\": \"Bienvenido Reyes Bienvenido \\\"Bogie\\\" Lorenzo Reyes (born July 6, 1947) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He left the Court of Appeals on August 23, 2011 to assume his seat on the Supreme Court. Reyes administered the oath of his fraternity brother, Rodrigo Duterte as the 16th President of the Philippines on his inauguration rites held at Malacañang Palace on June 30, 2016. After finishing his pre-law at the University of Santo Tomas, Reyes took up his law degree at the San Beda College of Law where\",\n \"title\": \"Bienvenido Reyes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349766\",\n \"text\": \"Court of the Philippines was officially established on June 11, 1901 through the passage of Act No. 136, otherwise known as the Judiciary Law of the Second Philippine Commission. By virtue of that law, judicial power in the Philippine Islands was vested in the Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance and Justice of the Peace courts. Other courts were subsequently established. The judicial structure introduced by Act No. 136 was reaffirmed by the US Congress with the passage of the Philippine Bill of 1902. The Administrative Code of 1917 ordained the Supreme Court as the highest tribunal of the Philippines\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12092727\",\n \"text\": \"Elections, a governor of the Philippine central bank, members of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, two Justices of the Supreme Court, a Vice-President of the Philippines, and a President of the Philippines. The current dean of the School of Economics is Prof. Orville C. Solon, Ph.D. University of the Philippines School of Economics The University of the Philippines School of Economics is a degree-granting unit of the University of the Philippines (U.P.). It is located in U.P.'s flagship campus in Diliman, Quezon City, where it occupies the buildings of the Philippine Center for Economic Development (PCED). The school\",\n \"title\": \"University of the Philippines School of Economics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14189012\",\n \"text\": \"seats. Under Sections 2 and 3, Article XI, Constitution of the Philippines, the House of Representatives of the Philippines has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment against, the President, Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, members of the Constitutional Commissions (Commission on Elections, Commission on Audit), and the Ombudsman. When a third of its membership has endorsed the impeachment articles, it is then transmitted to the Senate of the Philippines which tries and decide, as impeachment tribunal, on the impeachment case. On October 25, 2007, Arroyo granted a pardon to Joseph Estrada, supposedly based on the\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15856503\",\n \"text\": \"2011 when he was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by President Benigno Aquino III with a very clean docket. Reyes was born at Catanghalan, Obando, Bulacan. He is married to Teresita Jacinta Reyes (Archivist at Asian Development Bank) with their 2 children, Dennis Reyes and Benson Michael Reyes. Bienvenido Reyes Bienvenido \\\"Bogie\\\" Lorenzo Reyes (born July 6, 1947) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He left the Court of Appeals on August 23, 2011 to assume his seat on the Supreme Court. Reyes administered the\",\n \"title\": \"Bienvenido Reyes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9474888\",\n \"text\": \"Sales of Goods,” “Transnational Law Practice,” “International Law Teaching in the Philippines,” “Doing Business in the Philippines,” “Foreign Judgment [Monetary] Enforcements in the Philippines,” “Piercing the Veil of Corporate Entity: From Willets to Santos,” “ASEAN Conflict of Law,” and “The Supreme Court and Public International Law.” Justice Azcuna is married to Maria Asuncion Aunario, a professor of St. Scholastica’s College. They have four children: Anna Maria, Ma. Beatriz, Ma. Margarita and Miguel Enrique. Source: SC Public Information Office Since the creation of the Philippine Supreme Court in 1901, no presidential appointment of a Supreme Court Associate had ever been nullified\",\n \"title\": \"Adolfo Azcuna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349756\",\n \"text\": \"a result, the existence of “grave abuse of discretion” on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government is sufficient basis to nullify state action. The Court is authorized to sit either \\\"en banc\\\" or in divisions of 3, 5 or 7 members. Since the 1970s, the Court has constituted itself in 3 divisions with 5 members each. A majority of the cases are heard and decided by the divisions, rather than the court \\\"en banc\\\". However, the Constitution requires that the Court hear \\\"en banc\\\" “[a]ll cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement,\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9858055\",\n \"text\": \"Victorino Mapa Victorino Montano Mapa (February 25, 1855 – April 12, 1927) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and later, as the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American colonial Insular Government. He was homeschooled during his childhood. Later, he earned his Bachelor of Arts from Colegio de San Juan de Letran and his degree of Bachelor of Laws and Jurisprudence from the University of Santo Tomas at the age of 25. He was appointed an Associate Justice of the newly created Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1901,\",\n \"title\": \"Victorino Mapa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9394774\",\n \"text\": \"1997 Supreme Court decision, however, was overturned by the same Supreme Court in the motion for reconsideration by Sigaw ng Bayan, with the Supreme Court announcing in November 2006 that there is an adequate enabling law for the People's Initiative mode to propose amendments to the Constitution. In December 2006, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr. attempted to push for the constitutional change process by convening the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the Senate of the Philippines into a Constituent Assembly, or \\\"con-ass,\\\" one of the three modes by which the 1987 Constitution could be amended. Once again,\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional reform in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349778\",\n \"text\": \"out of 99 countries. This makes the Philippines the most improved among ASEAN member nations. \\\"Results showed that the country ranked high in terms of constraints on government powers (39th); absence of corruption (47th), and open government (50th).\\\" \\\"The Philippines, however, fell to the bottom half of the global rankings in terms of regulatory enforcement (52nd); order and security (58th); criminal justice (66th); fundamental rights (67th), and civil justice (75th).\\\" \\\"Watch the Supreme Court\\\" coalition was launched at the Training Center, Ground Floor, Supreme Court Centennial Bldg on November 17, 2008, \\\"to ensure the fair and honest selection of the\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349769\",\n \"text\": \"which heretofore was under the Department of Justice. After the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, President Corazon Aquino, using her emergency powers, promulgated a transitory charter known as the “Freedom Constitution” which did not affect the composition and powers of the Supreme Court. The Freedom Charter was replaced by the 1987 Constitution which is the fundamental charter in force in the Philippines at present. Section 1 Article VIII of the Constitution vests the judicial power “in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” The Supreme Court approved the Writ of Amparo\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16215056\",\n \"text\": \"the Senate Sergeant-at-Arms to review the CCTV to identify the \\\"small lady\\\". The prosecution proceeded to present the third article of impeachment: Corona's alleged \\\"flip-flopping\\\" on Supreme Court cases. The prosecution first presented Roberto Anduiza, president of the Flight Attendants and Stewards Association of the Philippines (FASAP), which had sued Philippine Airlines for laying off its members while on strike. Anduiza said that Corona participated from the deliberations even if Supreme Court spokesperson Midas Marquez earlier said that the Chief Justice was recusing. Anduiza told the court that FASAP originally won the case at the National Labor Relations Commission, but\",\n \"title\": \"Impeachment of Renato Corona\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13459406\",\n \"text\": \"Judicial review in the Philippines As early as 1936, the Philippine Supreme Court had unequivocally asserted its constitutional authority to engage in judicial review. This power was affirmed in the Supreme Court decision in \\\"Angara v. Electoral Commission\\\", 63 Phil. 139 (1936). Nonetheless, the Supreme Court would, in the next several decades, often decline to exercise judicial review by invoking the political question doctrine. In 1987, the constitutional convention formed to draft a new charter decided to provide for a definition of \\\"judicial power\\\" as a means of inhibiting the Supreme Court from frequently resorting to the political question doctrine.\",\n \"title\": \"Judicial review in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19082621\",\n \"text\": \"the term of then President Ferdinand Marcos. Members of the Tribunal receive a monthly allowance of 100,000 Philippine pesos on top of their regular salary. Presidential Electoral Tribunal The Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) is an electoral tribunal that decides election protests involving the election of the President of the Philippines and Vice President of the Philippines. It is composed of justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The equivalent tribunals for the Congress of the Philippines are House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and the Senate Electoral Tribunal. It was established under Republic Act No. 1793 on June 21, 1957\",\n \"title\": \"Presidential Electoral Tribunal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1724128\",\n \"text\": \"required to obtain a Certificate of Legal Practice in Laws of Malaysia. Law degree programs are considered graduate programs in the Philippines. As such, admission to law schools requires the completion of a bachelor's degree, with a sufficient number of credits or units in certain subject areas. Legal education in the Philippines is regulated and supervised by the LEGAL EDUCATION BOARD, a statutorily created independent Body chaired by a retired member of the Supreme Court or of the Court of Appeals. Its first chairman is Justice Hilarion Aquino. Sitting as members of the Board are a representative of the law\",\n \"title\": \"Legal education\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3461850\",\n \"text\": \"law clerks and research associates at the Supreme Court Library. The Supreme Court hires the law clerks based on the recommendations provided by their professors from their respected universities and colleges. Law clerks reviews the petitions for writ of certiorari, research them, prepare bench memorandums, and draft opinions, and reported back to the supreme court's administrative registrar. As of current, the supreme court has 10 law clerks for the 2016–17 year. The Pakistan Bar Council provides qualification for senior advocates, barristers, lawyers, and selected civil court judges to be elevated as Advocate Supreme Court (ASC) based on individual experience, qualifications,\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17410966\",\n \"text\": \"Hugo Gutierrez Jr. Hugo Gutierrez Jr. (January 29, 1927 – June 12, 2013) was a Filipino jurist and civil liberties advocate. Gutierrez served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines May 14, 1982 - March 31, 1993. He had to resign in disgrace because of plagiarism that dealt with the Supreme Court Case with Eastern Telecommunications Philippines v. PLDT Decision. This plagiarism was uncovered by a young attorney, Arthur Lim, who is now part of COMELEC. He worked in the Office of the Solicitor General before joining the Supreme Court. Gutierrez was appointed to the Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Hugo Gutierrez Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9874170\",\n \"text\": \"exclusively in Congress...\\\" and \\\"there is no proper submission to the people there being no freedom of speech, press and assembly, and there being no sufficient time to inform the people of the contents thereof.\\\" On January 15, 1973, while the Plebiscite Cases were being heard in the Supreme Court, the president signed Proclamation 1102, which states that the 1973 Constitution was \\\"ratified by an overwhelming majority of all the votes cast by the members of all the Barangays (Citizens Assemblies) throughout the Philippines...\\\" during the 1973 constitutional plebiscite. By virtue of that decree, the Supreme Court dismissed the case\",\n \"title\": \"Ratification Cases\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10687514\",\n \"text\": \"Jr., served as Chancellor of the University of the Philippines Manila. They have three children: Florentino III, Victoria Lourdes and Milagros Gloria. Herrera was elevated to the Supreme Court by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1979. When Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency following the 1986 EDSA Revolution, the incumbent members of the Supreme Court, all of whom were Marcos appointees, were asked to resign. Herrera, along with Claudio Teehankee, Sr., Vicente Abad Santos, Nestor Alampay, and Hugo Gutierrez, Jr. were the only incumbent justices who retained their seats on the bench. Aquino, however, however opted to extend new appointments to these\",\n \"title\": \"Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2425476\",\n \"text\": \"pleadings. Though there is only one Supreme Court in the Philippines, the citation of its decisions varies, depending on which report of a case is relied on by the person citing that case. The \\\"Philippine Reports\\\" is the official reporter of decisions of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The standard format for citation of the \\\"Philippine Reports\\\" is: where: As of present, Philippine cases are contained in quarterly issues. The Supreme Court Reports Annotated or SCRA are cited as such: Juarez v. Court of Appeals 214 SCRA 475 where 214 is the volume of the book, and 475 is\",\n \"title\": \"Case citation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10401988\",\n \"text\": \"Arturo Brion Arturo Dizon Brion (born December 29, 1946) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He took his oath as a member of the Supreme Court on March 17, 2008. From 2006 until his appointment to the Supreme Court, Brion had served as in the Cabinet of President Macapagal-Arroyo as the Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). Brion was born on December 29, 1946 in the city of Manila, Philippines. He is the son of Edon B. Brion (a retired trial court judge) and Laura S. Dizon. He grew up and\",\n \"title\": \"Arturo Brion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20775403\",\n \"text\": \"ouster also kicks open the door for wanton removals of members of other constitutional bodies, such as the Commission on Human Rights. ... Ultimately, the rejection of constitutional checks and balances concentrates power in the hands of Duterte and his allies, posing the greatest danger to democracy in the Philippines since the Marcos dictatorship.\\\" With the removal of Maria Lourdes Sereno from her post as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, she altogether leaves the high court. When she was appointed Chief Justice, she vacated her position as Associate Justice and therefore cannot assume her former position\",\n \"title\": \"Quo warranto petition against Maria Lourdes Sereno\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2486223\",\n \"text\": \"On April 28, 2004, the Philippines Supreme Court reversed the ruling of a lower court ordering five religious leaders to refrain from endorsing a candidate for elective office. Manila Judge Conception Alarcon-Vergara had ruled that the \\\"head of a religious organization who influences or threatens to punish members could be held liable for coercion and violation of citizen's right to vote freely\\\". The lawsuit filed by Social Justice Society party stated that \\\"the Church's active participation in partisan politics, using the awesome voting strength of its faithful flock, will enable it to elect men to public office who will in\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5425700\",\n \"text\": \"from the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Court of Appeals and other legal luminaries, namely Justice Lucas P. Bersamin, Justice Dante O. Tinga, Justice Normandie B. Pizzaro, Justice Japar B. Dimaampao, Justice Franchito N. Diamante and Arturo G. Tayag. Also UE has produced many government officials, such as members of the Congress of the Philippines, governors and mayors. Famous legal counsels, atty. Ferdinand Topacio, chief of the Public Attorney's Office Persida Rueda-Acosta and famous election lawyer Romulo Macalintal. Famous poets who spearheaded the second successful modernist movement in Filipino poetry, such as National Artist Virgilio S. Almario, Teo Antonio and\",\n \"title\": \"University of the East\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12469253\",\n \"text\": \"until October, and over 60 Muslim houses were torched by the Ilaga. Increased tensions in the Philippines since 2008 have since seen the reemergence of the armed vigilante group calling themselves the Bag-ong Ilaga (Visayan: \\\"New Ilaga\\\"). Since 2008, violence flared up with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Armed Forces of the Philippines after the Supreme Court of the Philippines overruled the proposed treaty for an Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. In November 2008, the Ilaga killed five Muslim civilians in an ambush in Lanao del Norte. In 2012, two members of the group committed robbery and also\",\n \"title\": \"Ilaga\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5713022\",\n \"text\": \"presidency and vice presidency (1935), senators (1916, or as the Taft Commission, in September 1, 1901) and the members of the House of Representatives (1907 as the Philippine Assembly). The power to appoint the chief justice lies with the president, who makes the selection from a list of three nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. There is no material difference in the process of selecting a chief justice from that in the selection of associate justices. As with the other justices of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is obliged to retire upon reaching the age of 70;\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8471924\",\n \"text\": \"Judicial and Bar Council The Judicial and Bar Council (JBC; ) of the Philippines is a constitutionally-created body that recommends appointees for vacancies that may arise in the composition of the Supreme Court, other lower courts, and the Legal Education Board, and in the offices of the Ombudsman, Deputy Ombudsman and the Special Prosecutor. The Council is composed of a representative of the Integrated Bar, a professor of law, a retired member of the Supreme Court, and a representative of the private sector. They are the \\\"regular\\\" members, as opposed to the Secretary of Justice and a representative of Congress\",\n \"title\": \"Judicial and Bar Council\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9386738\",\n \"text\": \"chapter commemorated its 75th Anniversary on March 7, 2007. The unique influence of the Philippines Alpha chapter is recorded in Scott Johnston’s work, \\\"Pi Gamma Mu International Honor Society in Social Science First 75 Years\\\": “Again the quality of the people elected to the Philippines Alpha chapter has been most impressive. They have included two Presidents of the Republic, two Prime Ministers, a dozen Supreme Court Justices, and two dozen Cabinet members. Concerning the University of the Philippines itself, there have been six Presidents, a dozen Vice Chancellors and dozens upon dozens of Deans of the University.” Pi Gamma Mu\",\n \"title\": \"Pi Gamma Mu\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1940802\",\n \"text\": \"Senate of the Philippines which tries and decide, as impeachment tribunal, the impeachment case. A main difference from US proceedings however is that only a third of House members are required to approve the motion to impeach the President (as opposed to the majority required in the United States). In the Senate, selected members of the House of Representatives act as the prosecutors and the Senators act as judges with the Senate President and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court jointly presiding over the proceedings. Like the United States, to convict the official in question requires that a minimum of\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9534052\",\n \"text\": \"as members of each division. As most Supreme Court cases are decided by the division rather than the en banc, a vote of three Justices sitting in a division is usually sufficient to decide the case. However, the Constitution prescribes instances whereby a case must be decided en banc, such as in declaring a law as unconstitutional or when a judicial precedent is overturned. Each vote can be crucial, as recently shown in the 2006 People's Initiative case (\\\"Lambino v. COMELEC\\\"), which was decided en banc by an 8-7 vote. As a case is decided, one justice in the majority\",\n \"title\": \"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15650918\",\n \"text\": \"of the Philippines, who called it \\\"an unfortunate incident.\\\" The incident was likewise condemned by San Beda Rector Aloysius Maranan, Akbayan Youth Chairperson Marlon Cornelio, and Negros fraternities. Several members of six fraternities gathered at Quezon City on October 1 to participate in a candlelighting event and express their sympathies. Renato Corona, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, said in a statement that he had already ordered the Supreme Court security, the MPD, and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) to investigate the matter and \\\"to identify the perpetrators of this senseless act of cowardice, and bring them to the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Philippine Bar exam bombing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7946888\",\n \"text\": \"to be given the rights of audience in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The exams are usually conducted to ensure that the quality of lawyers being produced is maintained to a certain level. The interview is then another opportunity for a senior judge and members of the provincial Bar Council to meet the candidate and see if he or she is fit to be admitted as an advocate of the lower courts/ High Courts or the Supreme Court. To practice law in the Philippines, one must have fulfilled the non-academic and academic requirements. For non-academic requirements, one must be a\",\n \"title\": \"Admission to practice law\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1940791\",\n \"text\": \"over local government units. The President also serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. This includes the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and to declare Martial law. With the consent of the Commission on Appointments, the president also appoints the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, and other officials. The members of the Supreme Court and lower courts are also appointed by the president, but only from the list of nominees\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1940801\",\n \"text\": \"which must be taken before they enter into office: The Filipino text of the oath used for the inaugurations of Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Ejercito Estrada, and Benigno S. Aquino III reads: Impeachment in the Philippines follows procedures similar to the United States. The House of Representatives, one of the houses of the bicameral Congress, has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment against the President, Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, members of the Constitutional Commissions and the Ombudsman. When a third of its membership has endorsed the impeachment articles, it is then transmitted to the\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9558041\",\n \"text\": \"concurring opinion in \\\"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer\\\", 343 U.S. 579 (1952), remain the subject of academic debate. Cortes resumed teaching at the University of the Philippines after her retirement from the Court. She was the first female Supreme Court Justice to die, on October 28, 1996. Irene Cortes Irene R. Cortes (October 20, 1921 – October 28, 1996) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and a law academician. She was also the first female dean of the University of the Philippines College of Law. Cortes was the third woman to be appointed\",\n \"title\": \"Irene Cortes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9474890\",\n \"text\": \"of the Philippines from 2002 to 2009. Adolfo Azcuna Adolfo Sevilla Azcuna (born February 16, 1939) is a Filipino jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 2002 to 2009. He was appointed to the Court by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on October 24, 2002. He is the current Chancellor of the Philippine Judicial Academy (PHILJA), having been appointed to that position by the Supreme Court of the Philippines on June 1, 2009. Azcuna was born in Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte on February 16, 1939. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with\",\n \"title\": \"Adolfo Azcuna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8678590\",\n \"text\": \"Claudio Teehankee Claudio Teehankee, CCLH (April 18, 1918 – November 27, 1989) was the 16th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1987 to 1988. He was also the most senior associate justice and chairman of the First Division of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Teehankee was born on April 18, 1918 in Manila, Philippines. His father, José Tee Han Kee, immigrated to the Philippines in 1901 from Fujian province in China. He was a close associate and friend of Sun Yat-Sen, and was active in the struggle to liberate China from the Qing dynasty. Teehankee\",\n \"title\": \"Claudio Teehankee\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9558037\",\n \"text\": \"Irene Cortes Irene R. Cortes (October 20, 1921 – October 28, 1996) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and a law academician. She was also the first female dean of the University of the Philippines College of Law. Cortes was the third woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines after Cecilia Muñoz-Palma and Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera. Cortes was born in Legazpi City, where she completed her intermediate studies. She studied law in the University of the Philippines College of Law, where she obtained her law degree in 1948. She then pursued graduate\",\n \"title\": \"Irene Cortes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3461831\",\n \"text\": \"the qualification summary before the nomination sent to executive. There has been \\\"Ad hoc\\\" appointment in the supreme court made when the quorum of Judges is not possible to complete the sitting number of justices in the court, or if it is necessary to increase the number of justices in the Supreme Court. The nomination comes directly from the Judicial Commission chiared by the Chief Justice who prepares the nomination summary as President confirms their appointments. As of current, there are two justices are on the \\\"ad-hoc\\\" appointment that are from the Federal Sharia Court. A judge of the Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10265709\",\n \"text\": \"the Personnel Management Association of the Philippines, and the \\\"Supreme Court Centenary Book Award\\\" from the Supreme Court of the Philippines during its centennial anniversary celebrations on June 8, 2001. Cesario Azucena Cesario Alvero Azucena Jr., popularly known as Ces Azucena or C.A. Azucena, is a prominent labor lawyer, professor, management consultant, and author in the Philippines. Azucena obtained a Bachelor of Laws degree from Ateneo Law School, a Master of Public Administration from the University of the Philippines, and has attended courses in the Master of Business Administration program of De La Salle Professional Schools. Azucena was once an\",\n \"title\": \"Cesario Azucena\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16147742\",\n \"text\": \"and Associates (1993–1996). Bernabe was the third appointee of President Benigno Aquino III to the Supreme Court of the Philippines as an associate justice on September 16, 2011. She replaced then Justice Conchita Carpio Morales, who retired from the Bench on June 19, 2011 to assume the position of Ombudsman of the Philippines. She voted in favor of the burial of former president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos in the Libingan ng Mga Bayani. Estela Perlas-Bernabe Estela Perlas-Bernabe (born May 14, 1952) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the third appointee to the High Court\",\n \"title\": \"Estela Perlas-Bernabe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4961908\",\n \"text\": \"in the Philippines. The UP Manila Campus Planning, Development and Maintenance Office (CPDMO) offers planning and design services to all sectors of the university. It manages the creation of spaces that support and enhance teaching, research, and public service activities of UP Manila. It is also tasked to recover the lots and buildings that belongs to the university which are now occupied by the Court of Appeals, Department of Justice and the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Only the Supreme Court has announced its plans to vacate its UP Campus site in Manila and move to its own building located\",\n \"title\": \"University of the Philippines Manila\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20957728\",\n \"text\": \"Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General refers to a petition filed by Filipino lawyer Jesus Falcis before the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The high court was asked about the constitutionality of the provision of the Family Code of the Philippines defining marriage as \\\"between a man and a woman\\\". The petition was filed by Atty. Jesus Falcis in 2015. On March 2018, the Supreme Court of the Philippines approved the scheduling of a same-sex marriage petition that seeks to invalidate Articles 1 and 2 of the Family Code. During the second week of June 2018,\",\n \"title\": \"Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10383129\",\n \"text\": \"exams. To be a full-fledged lawyer in the Philippines and be eligible to use the title \\\"Attorney\\\", a candidate must graduate from a Philippine law school, take and pass the Philippine Bar Examinations, the candidate who passed the bar examinations is entitled to take and subscribe before the Supreme Court special en banc session the corresponding Attorney's Oath, as follows: The certificate to practice law will be granted by the Supreme Court after the lawyer sign his name in the \\\"Rolls of Attorneys of the Supreme Court\\\". The full names of lawyers are found in the \\\"Rolls of Attorneys of\",\n \"title\": \"Legal education in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349763\",\n \"text\": \"official establishment of the Supreme Court, institutions exercising judicial power were already in existence. Before the Spaniards came, judicial authority was in the hands of barangay chiefs. During the early years of the Spanish government, these powers were vested upon Miguel López de Legazpi, the first Governor-General of the Philippines. He administered civil and criminal justice under the Royal Order of August 14, 1569. The present Supreme Court was preceded by the \\\"Real Audiencia\\\", a collegial body established on May 5, 1583 and composed, of a president, four \\\"oidores\\\" (justices), and a fiscal, among others. The Chief Judge of the\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10395796\",\n \"text\": \"Integrated Bar of the Philippines The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) is the national organization of lawyers in the Philippines. It is the mandatory bar association for Filipino lawyers. The IBP was established as an official organization for the legal profession by Republic Act No. 6397. The law confirmed the constitutional power of the Philippine Supreme Court to adopt rules for the integration of the Philippine Bar. Consequently, Presidential Decree 181 constituted the IBP into a corporate body in 1973. On January 9, 1973, the Supreme Court ordained the integration of the Philippine Bar. The IBP Constitution and By-Laws\",\n \"title\": \"Integrated Bar of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9374211\",\n \"text\": \"Court of Appeals of the Philippines The Court of Appeals of the Philippines () is the second-highest judicial court in the Philippines, next to the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals consists of 1 Presiding Justice and 68 Associate Justices. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Court of Appeals \\\"reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals, as well as the awards, judgments, final orders or resolutions of, or authorized by twenty-one (21) quasi-judicial agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of\",\n \"title\": \"Court of Appeals of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2878326\",\n \"text\": \"for himself. In 1995, the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (PACC) was linked to the killing of 11 members of Kuratong Baleleng in Quezon City. In 2003, the High Tribunal ordered the Quezon City Regional Trial Court to try the case against Lacson and 33 other police officials. The trial court however dismissed the criminal case, finding absence of probable cause. The special prosecuting team later moved for new trial before the High Tribunal to remand case to the trial court to present new evidence against Senator Lacson, inter alia. On May 2, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines resolved to\",\n \"title\": \"Panfilo Lacson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16515681\",\n \"text\": \"of Law of the University of the Philippines and at the Institute of Law of the Far Eastern University. Afterwards, he became an Assistant Fiscal of the City of Manila and then a Judge to the Court of First Instance. Before his appointment as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court of the Philippines on May 31, 1984, he was an Associate Justice of the Intermediate Appellate Court. In 2012, Justice Cuevas was the lead counsel of the defense panel against the impeachment of former Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona. Justice Cuevas died on 9 February 2014 due to\",\n \"title\": \"Serafin R. Cuevas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349753\",\n \"text\": \"1987 Constitution. These functions may be generally divided into two – judicial functions and administrative functions. The administrative functions of the Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees, as well as over members of the Philippine bar. Pursuant to these functions, the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary. The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to the practice of law, for legal assistance to the underprivileged,\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14820924\",\n \"text\": \"the Philippines. He was re-elected for a second term on 20 November 2017 after UK's nominee Christopher Greenwood withdrew his nomination Dalveer Bhandari Dalveer Bhandari (born 1 October 1947) is an Indian member of the International Court of Justice and was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. Dalveer Bhandari comes from an illustrious line of lawyers. Both his father, Mahaveer Chand Bhandari, and grandfather, B.C. Bhandari, were members of the Rajasthan bar. He acquired degrees in the humanities and law from Jodhpur University and practised in the Rajasthan High Court from 1968 to 1970. In June 1970, he\",\n \"title\": \"Dalveer Bhandari\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4349758\",\n \"text\": \"by a lower court. Appealed cases generally originate from lawsuits or criminal indictments filed and tried before the trial courts. These decisions of the trial courts may then be elevated on appeal to the Court of Appeals, or more rarely, directly to the Supreme Court if only “questions of law” are involved. Apart from decisions of the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court may also directly review on appeal decisions rendered by the Sandiganbayan and the Court of Tax Appeals. Decisions rendered by administrative agencies are not directly appealable to the Supreme Court, they must be first challenged before the\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14817664\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations, World Bank, and US Agency for International Development. Sereno served as a co-counsel with Justice Florentino Feliciano on the Fraport case in Singapore, in which the Republic of the Philippines won the case. In August 2010, she was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, its 169th Member and the first appointee to the High Court by President Benigno Aquino III. Sereno, the 13th woman appointed as Justice of the Supreme Court, was the youngest appointee to the court since Manuel Moran in 1945 until Marvic Leonen surpassed her at the age of 49 in\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Lourdes Sereno\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19621242\",\n \"text\": \"November 6, 2009 Perez was appointed by then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as her 14th appointee to the court. In 2012, Perez was nominated by the Asia Pacific Bar Association for appointment to the Chief Justice position vacated by Renato Corona. Jose Perez (judge) Jose Portugal Perez (born December 14, 1946) is a Filipino lawyer who was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines in 2009. He had served the Supreme Court of the Philippines administration from 1971, starting as Technical assistant and attaining the post of Court Administrator in 2008. He is the only member of the\",\n \"title\": \"Jose Perez (judge)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9534049\",\n \"text\": \"of the Court are mandated to retire upon reaching the age of 70. (\\\"sec. 11, Article VIII\\\") They may also be removed from office through impeachment, which is accomplished through a resolution of impeachment affirmed by a 1/3 vote of all members of the House of Representatives and conviction by 2/3 vote of all members of the Senate. Since 1901, there has always been only one Chief Justice. In contrast, the number of Associate Justices has wildly varied. From the original number of six (1901–1916), this was increased to eight (1916–1935), then to ten (1935–1940). During the years 1940-1945, the\",\n \"title\": \"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":75,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"76"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays finn on my mad fat diary"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Nico Cristian Mirallegro"],"string":"[\n \"Nico Cristian Mirallegro\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"11008679","text":"Nico Mirallegro Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his British television roles as Barry \"Newt\" Newton in the soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in \"My Mad Fat Diary\" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in \"The Village\" (2013), and Johnjo O'Shea in \"Common\" (2014). Mirallegro is a BAFTA Award-nominated performer who has appeared in television, film, radio drama, and theatre. Recognized in 2012 by \"Screen International\" as one of its Stars of Tomorrow, he has been lauded as one of the United Kingdom's \"most promising young actors.\" Growing up in","title":"Nico Mirallegro"},{"docid":"11008692","text":"Birthdays\" (2016), and as the son in \"Over Here, Over There\" (2016). \"Over Here, Over There\" is a radio drama inspired by the plight of asylum seekers in the U.K. Mirallegro plays in celebrity football matches in different parts of England for charities, including Help For Heroes, and Once Upon a Smile. Nico Mirallegro Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his British television roles as Barry \"Newt\" Newton in the soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in \"My Mad Fat Diary\" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in \"The Village\" (2013),","title":"Nico Mirallegro"},{"docid":"11008679","text":"Nico Mirallegro Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his British television roles as Barry \"Newt\" Newton in the soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in \"My Mad Fat Diary\" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in \"The Village\" (2013), and Johnjo O'Shea in \"Common\" (2014). Mirallegro is a BAFTA Award-nominated performer who has appeared in television, film, radio drama, and theatre. Recognized in 2012 by \"Screen International\" as one of its Stars of Tomorrow, he has been lauded as one of the United Kingdom's \"most promising young actors.\" Growing up in","title":"Nico Mirallegro"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"11008679\",\n \"text\": \"Nico Mirallegro Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his British television roles as Barry \\\"Newt\\\" Newton in the soap opera \\\"Hollyoaks\\\" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in \\\"The Village\\\" (2013), and Johnjo O'Shea in \\\"Common\\\" (2014). Mirallegro is a BAFTA Award-nominated performer who has appeared in television, film, radio drama, and theatre. Recognized in 2012 by \\\"Screen International\\\" as one of its Stars of Tomorrow, he has been lauded as one of the United Kingdom's \\\"most promising young actors.\\\" Growing up in\",\n \"title\": \"Nico Mirallegro\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11008692\",\n \"text\": \"Birthdays\\\" (2016), and as the son in \\\"Over Here, Over There\\\" (2016). \\\"Over Here, Over There\\\" is a radio drama inspired by the plight of asylum seekers in the U.K. Mirallegro plays in celebrity football matches in different parts of England for charities, including Help For Heroes, and Once Upon a Smile. Nico Mirallegro Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his British television roles as Barry \\\"Newt\\\" Newton in the soap opera \\\"Hollyoaks\\\" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in \\\"The Village\\\" (2013),\",\n \"title\": \"Nico Mirallegro\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11008679\",\n \"text\": \"Nico Mirallegro Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his British television roles as Barry \\\"Newt\\\" Newton in the soap opera \\\"Hollyoaks\\\" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in \\\"The Village\\\" (2013), and Johnjo O'Shea in \\\"Common\\\" (2014). Mirallegro is a BAFTA Award-nominated performer who has appeared in television, film, radio drama, and theatre. Recognized in 2012 by \\\"Screen International\\\" as one of its Stars of Tomorrow, he has been lauded as one of the United Kingdom's \\\"most promising young actors.\\\" Growing up in\",\n \"title\": \"Nico Mirallegro\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"16656195","text":"Finn, Archie, Izzy and Chop. Throughout its run, \"My Mad Fat Diary\" received critical acclaim, particularly for its accurate and honest portrayal of mental illness and Sharon Rooney's performance. \"The Guardian\"s Sam Wollaston called it a \"lovely drama – honest and painful, real, and very funny,\" going on to say \"Sharon Rooney's performance in the lead is natural, effortless and utterly believable; she should win something for it.\" \"The Stage\" called it \"a comedy drama that actually satisfies the criteria of both genres, \"My Mad Fat Diary\" offers a unique and uncompromising perspective on adolescent angst that distresses and delights","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"16656193","text":"My Mad Fat Diary My Mad Fat Diary was a British comedy-drama television series that debuted on E4 on 14 January 2013. It is based on the novel \"My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary\" by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014, with each episode posted on 4oD a week prior to the television release. In November 2014, it was announced that a final three-episode third series would be made, set in 1998. After three series and sixteen episodes, \"My Mad Fat Diary\" broadcast its final episode on 6 July 2015. The","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"16656200","text":"4 and on E4+1. Tom Bidwell, the writer of the show, mentioned in April 2014 in an interview with the \"Chorley Guardian\" that MTV has commissioned him to work on an American remake of the show. My Mad Fat Diary My Mad Fat Diary was a British comedy-drama television series that debuted on E4 on 14 January 2013. It is based on the novel \"My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary\" by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014, with each episode posted on 4oD a week prior to the television release. In","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"16656199","text":"three shows, but, even with a great soundtrack (if only the Mack really would return …) and the odd nice line, \"My Mad Fat Diary\" is a long way from the equal of that trio in invention, edge or humour.\" \"My Mad Fat Diary\" star Sharon Rooney was chosen as one of the first group of BAFTA \"Breakthrough Brits\" in 2013. The first episode of the third and final series attracted 548,000 viewers on E4, whilst the second episode attracted 537,000 viewers. The final episode of the series attracted 450,000 viewers. All viewing figures exclude those who watched on All","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"18479509","text":"Sharon Rooney Sharon Rooney (born 22 October 1988) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her roles as Rae Earl in \"My Mad Fat Diary\", Sophie in \"Two Doors Down\" and Dawn in \"Brief Encounters\". At the age of 16, Rooney left school to pursue her career in acting. She enrolled on a performing arts course at Hull University. She performed as a stand-up comedian, and toured with a play in various schools across Britain. Rooney was cast for her first television role, that of Rae Earl in \"My Mad Fat Diary\", a drama about a young woman who","title":"Sharon Rooney"},{"docid":"16656197","text":"\"surprisingly honest, funny and even moving account of what it’s like for a teenage girl to live with serious mental health problems, free of many of the clichés that often inform how mental illness is portrayed on TV,\" going on to say that Rae \"has a mental illness, but it doesn’t define her. It’s just something that she has to deal with and try to manage on a daily basis, just like the one in ten young people in the UK who have a mental illness.\" Semple refers to \"My Mad Fat Diary\" as a \"breath of fresh air and","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"10860824","text":"being an overweight girl with mental health difficulties, living in a council house with her mother and her mother's Moroccan boyfriend. A follow-up book, \"My Madder Fatter Diary\", Vol.2 was published in 2014. The television show \"My Mad Fat Diary\" on E4 is based on her books. UnlIke the book, the series takes place in the 1990s rather than the 1980s. The first series began airing in January 2013, with a second series shown in 2014. A third and final series was shown in 2015. In 2016, Earl's book \"My Mad Fat Diary\" will be published by St. Martin's Press.","title":"Rae Earl"},{"docid":"9837218","text":"advertisement for \"Battlestar Galactica\". \"Spaceman\" is also used in \"Eesti otsib superstaari\" (Pop Idol Estonia). \"Spaceman\" is also featured in E4's \"My Mad Fat Diary\", in the episode \"Ladies and Gentlemen\", during the scene where Rae and Finn begin their drive to Knebworth. Following the release of the single, a music video was produced. It features a black-and-white prologue with Jas Mann as a night driver who has a close encounter with aliens appearing from fog on the road; meanwhile the vocals are speed up. When the vocals decelerate and return to normal pitch, the video alternates between the band","title":"Spaceman (Babylon Zoo song)"},{"docid":"16656194","text":"series was nominated for multiple BAFTA awards, with Sharon Rooney winning in 2015 for Best Drama Actress. Set in Stamford, Lincolnshire in the mid-1990s, \"My Mad Fat Diary\" follows the story of 16-year-old, 16 stone (106 kg) (224 lb) girl, Rae Earl, who has just left a psychiatric hospital, where she has spent four months. She begins to reconnect with her best friend, Chloe, who is unaware of Rae's mental health and body image problems, believing she was in France for the past four months. Rae attempts to keep this information from her while also trying to impress Chloe's friends","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"16656198","text":"will do a lot to change the way young people think about mental health.\" The mental health charity Mind praised the My Mad Fat Diary, with the show's depiction of mental health leading it to win the Drama category at their annual Media Awards in both 2014 and 2016. In a more mixed review, Robert Epstein of \"The Independent\" criticised E4 for relating the programme to its other teen shows: \"If such comparisons are unfair, blame it on E4, whose continuity announcer declared: 'If you like \"Skins\", \"The Inbetweeners\" and \"Misfits\", you'll like this.' Well, sorry, I do like those","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"11008686","text":"role. In 2011 Mirallegro appeared in the BBC's three-part psychological thriller \"Exile\", playing the teenage version of leading character Tom Ronstadt (played by John Simm). Later in the same year Mirallegro played the role of Sam, a gay heroin addict in the BBC drama \"The Body Farm\". In 2013 he portrayed Finn Nelson, the love interest of the main female character in E4's popular teenage comedy drama \"My Mad Fat Diary\". That same year he also played the role of Joe Middleton in the BBC drama \"The Village\". In 2014, Mirallegro portrayed a teenager prosecuted for murder under the Joint","title":"Nico Mirallegro"},{"docid":"17650781","text":"executive produce the Hugo Blick series \"The Forgiving Earth\", which will air on BBC Two and Netflix. Greg Brenman Greg Brenman is an English film and television producer. As previous Head of Drama at UK's Tiger Aspect Productions, he produced over 400 hours of British TV drama. Titles include \"Peaky Blinders\", \"Ripper Street\", \"My Mad Fat Diary\", \"Prisoners' Wives\", \"Robin Hood\" and \"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\". In film, Brenman has produced films such \"Omagh\", \"White Girl\", and \"Billy Elliot\". In 2013, Brenman, with colleague Roanna Benn, formed Drama Republic, a new specialty drama production company. Drama Republic produced","title":"Greg Brenman"},{"docid":"18479511","text":"set in 1982 and revolving around four women who become involved in Ann Summers party planning. \"Brief Encounters\" debuted in July 2016 and also stars Dame Penelope Wilton, Sophie Rundle, and Angela Griffin. Sharon Rooney Sharon Rooney (born 22 October 1988) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her roles as Rae Earl in \"My Mad Fat Diary\", Sophie in \"Two Doors Down\" and Dawn in \"Brief Encounters\". At the age of 16, Rooney left school to pursue her career in acting. She enrolled on a performing arts course at Hull University. She performed as a stand-up comedian, and","title":"Sharon Rooney"},{"docid":"11037552","text":"Jordan Murphy (English actor) Jordan Murphy (born 14 January 1988) is a British actor. He made his first appearance in 2004 when he played Liam Fisher in the episode \"A Life Lost\" of the TV series \"Casualty\". Jordan made appearances on television in 2005. He played Josh Giggs in \"The Bill\" (episodes #296 and #297) and the long-running TV series \"Doctor Who\" when he played Ernie in the episodes \"The Empty Child\" and \"The Doctor dances. In 2012, he played in Mat Whitecross's film \"Spike Island\" about The Stone Roses. He appeared in the British comedy-drama \"My Mad Fat Diary\"","title":"Jordan Murphy (English actor)"},{"docid":"17650780","text":"Greg Brenman Greg Brenman is an English film and television producer. As previous Head of Drama at UK's Tiger Aspect Productions, he produced over 400 hours of British TV drama. Titles include \"Peaky Blinders\", \"Ripper Street\", \"My Mad Fat Diary\", \"Prisoners' Wives\", \"Robin Hood\" and \"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\". In film, Brenman has produced films such \"Omagh\", \"White Girl\", and \"Billy Elliot\". In 2013, Brenman, with colleague Roanna Benn, formed Drama Republic, a new specialty drama production company. Drama Republic produced \"Doctor Foster\", which Brenman is an executive producer of. In 2017, it was announced that Brenamn would","title":"Greg Brenman"},{"docid":"10860823","text":"Rae Earl Rae Earl (born Rachel Earl; 13 December 1971 in Stamford, England) is an English writer and broadcaster. Earl obtained a degree from Hull University and won the University's Philip Larkin literary prize in 1994. She then worked as a copywriter in local radio before moving into radio presenting. Earl lives in Hobart, Australia and is married to Kevin Johnson and has a son named Harry. She is the author of the 2007 book \"My Fat Mad Teenage Diary\", a collection of the diaries she wrote as a teenager in the late 1980s. The diary describes the tribulations of","title":"Rae Earl"},{"docid":"17454139","text":"series two of \"The Bletchley Circle\". In September, she had two projects debut, the first being BAFTA nominated film \"Pride\", in which she played the character of Steph. The second was the TV miniseries murder mystery \"Glue\". Marsay played the character Janine Riley. Marsay also appeared in the 2014 \"Doctor Who\" Christmas special \"Last Christmas\" as Shona McCullough. 2015 began with Marsay appearing in the fifth season of the popular HBO series \"Game of Thrones\" as the Waif. In June, Marsay was cast as new character Katie Springer in the TV series \"My Mad Fat Diary\" for the final season.","title":"Faye Marsay"},{"docid":"19375718","text":"then made appearances in \"Holby City\", \"Doctors\", \"Silent Witness\", \"Casualty\", \"\", \"Vera\" and \"Inspector George Gently\". She was then cast in leading roles in the five-episode drama series \"Justice\", the supernatural miniseries, \"Remember Me\" and the E4 comedy-drama series, \"My Mad Fat Diary\" where she appeared for three seasons as Chloe Gemell. Comer appeared in the 2015 adaptation of \"Lady Chatterley's Lover\", a television film broadcast on BBC One. In 2015, she also appeared in the BBC One drama series \"Doctor Foster\" as Kate Parks and was cast in the BBC Three miniseries, \"Thirteen\" which premiered on BBC Three on","title":"Jodie Comer"},{"docid":"7431296","text":"the franchise, \"\", contains a new cover of \"Laid\" by singer Aidan Hawken; as of 2012, it still has yet to be released on any album or as a single. The eighth and final film, \"American Reunion\", features the original version by James in the film for the first and only time in the series' history. The song was featured at the end of an episode of the second series of E4 show \"My Mad Fat Diary\", the film \"The To Do List\" and on an episode of \"Hindsight\". Recently it was featured in Episode 4 of the Netflix Original","title":"Laid (song)"},{"docid":"19470998","text":"more vicious and nosy than either. The first series of Home Fires was met with great acclaim from high views being recommissioned for a second series ITV. Jodie Hamblet Jodie Hamblet is a British TV actress; she is best known for her appearance in the soap opera \"Coronation Street\" as Gemma Davenport. She made her debut aged 14 in \"Linda Green\" and later had roles in \"Coronation Street\", \"Life On Mars\" and \"Shameless\". She went on to play Vicky in the second series of \"My Mad Fat Diary\". In 2015, Hamblet first appeared as the vicious telephone operator Jenny Marshall","title":"Jodie Hamblet"},{"docid":"19470997","text":"Jodie Hamblet Jodie Hamblet is a British TV actress; she is best known for her appearance in the soap opera \"Coronation Street\" as Gemma Davenport. She made her debut aged 14 in \"Linda Green\" and later had roles in \"Coronation Street\", \"Life On Mars\" and \"Shameless\". She went on to play Vicky in the second series of \"My Mad Fat Diary\". In 2015, Hamblet first appeared as the vicious telephone operator Jenny Marshall in \"Home Fires\". Hamblet appeared in the first series a leading character and then returned as Jenny once again in Series 2 with her character being even","title":"Jodie Hamblet"},{"docid":"7195343","text":"Eve White Eve White was an English television actress. Among other roles, she appeared as Sue Morgan on the soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" from 1999 to 2002. She is now a London literary agent and her clients include: Alex Stobbs, Andy Stanton, author of the best-selling \"Mr Gum\" series (Egmont Press), Susannah Corbett, Gillian Rogerson, Rae Earl Johnson, whose \"My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary\" is now a Channel 4 drama series, Tabitha Suzuma, Tracey Corderoy, Jimmy Docherty, Saskia Sarginson, author of \"The Twins\" (Little, Brown), Fergus McNeill, author of Eye Contact (Hodder & Stoughton), Kate Maryon, Jim Lusby, Yvvette Edwards, author","title":"Eve White"},{"docid":"2454567","text":"the Netherlands in 2015. Endemol created and ran reality, talent and game show franchises worldwide, including \"Big Brother, Deal or No Deal, Wipeout, The Money Drop, and Your Face Sounds Familiar.\" The company also has a portfolio of drama and comedy series including titles such as \"The Fall\", \"Peaky Blinders\", \"Hell on Wheels\", \"Benidorm\", \"Ripper Street\", \"Black Mirror\", \"Bad Education\", \"My Mad Fat Diary\", \"Hot in Cleveland\", \"Kirstie\", \"Leverage\", \"Home and Away\", \"Death Comes to Pemberley\" and \"The Crimson Field\". Endemol was founded in 1994 by a merger of television production companies owned by Joop van den Ende and John","title":"Endemol"},{"docid":"19375716","text":"Jodie Comer Jodie Comer (born 11 March 1993) is an English actress, known for her roles as the assassin Villanelle in \"Killing Eve\", Chloe Gemell in the comedy-drama series \"My Mad Fat Diary\", Ivy Moxam in the BBC Three miniseries \"Thirteen\", Kate Parks in \"Doctor Foster\" and as Elizabeth of York in the miniseries \"The White Princess\". Jodie Comer was born on 11 March 1993 in Liverpool, England. She attended a weekend drama school and performed at her school, St Julie's Catholic High School, in Woolton, Liverpool. After being excluded for not being able to attend dance rehearsals for a","title":"Jodie Comer"},{"docid":"16656196","text":"by turns. Visual gimmicks – flashbacks, fantasies and animated squiggles leaping from the page – are used sparingly but effectively, allowing the focus to stay fixed on Rae and Rooney’s commanding and engagingly natural central performance.\" \"The Art Desk\" said \"the first episode of this six-part comedy drama is touching, hilarious and perfectly cast.\" Claire Webb of the \"Radio Times\" said the plot is \"as uplifting as it is moving, although the banter and gimmicks won't be to everybody's taste.\" The show also received praise for its honest portrayal of mental health. Brian Semple of \"The Independent\" calls the show","title":"My Mad Fat Diary"},{"docid":"11013034","text":"Nine Nine, & Man Seeking Woman. He set up and directed the first season of the critically acclaimed and Bafta nominated, My Mad Fat Diary, and SKY & NBC's You, Me and the Apocalypse, and the BAFTA nominated The C Word. He has made documentaries with Motörhead, Iron Maiden, and Judas Priest for the multi-award winning documentary strand - Classic Albums. \"Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle\", a six-part comedy series featuring standup and sketches, began a six-episode run on 16 March 2009; the first episode was watched by approximately 1 million viewers. It was executive produced by Armando Iannucci and script","title":"Tim Kirkby"},{"docid":"10756919","text":"dream of acting. McClean started presenting on the Nickelodeon channel. He presented for other children's television shows such as \"It's Not Fair\" and wrote \"Mad for It\".for ITV. He then presented for adult shows, most notably \"Richard & Judy\". In 2003, McClean appeared in Christmas special of \"The Office\". He hosted the Xfm Manchester Breakfast Show between June 2008 - 2009 Mike McClean provided the voice-over for \"Watchdog Test House\" In 2016. Mike played Father Tony in \"Shameless\". He recently played Fin's dad in the C4 series \"My Big Fat Diary\". Mike has been busy touring the country with his","title":"Mike McClean"},{"docid":"11857895","text":"Skåne\". With the third series, the Skåne Regional Council only wanted to invest 2 million Krona. They later signed on to support the production by other means such as letting BBC and Yellow Bird use Ystad Studios for free, worth about half a million Swedish Krona. City of Ystad-Österlens Film Bond also invested 2 million Swedish Krona. On 8 October 2014, the BBC announced that principal photography of the final three-episode fourth series had started. The first episode, \"The White Lioness\", is written by James Dormer (\"Strike Back\", \"Outcast\"), and directed by Benjamin Caron (\", Skins, My Mad Fat Diary\").","title":"Wallander (UK TV series)"},{"docid":"16286868","text":"Finn on the Fly Finn on the Fly is 2008 Canadian film that was directed by Mark Jean. The Canadian comedian Ryan Belleville plays the part of Finn as a human. In the film, Dr. Madsen, a bitter, fame-hungry mad scientist (Ana Gasteyer), turns a Boy named Ben's dog, Finn, into a human (Ryan Belleville), when Finn accidentally runs into her lab. Ben trains Finn on how to act like a human, while Dr. Madsen wants to capture Finn for personal gain. Special features on the DVD are behind the scenes and a short comic. The film was released in","title":"Finn on the Fly"},{"docid":"7687624","text":"the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart for two weeks in October 1996, and remained on the chart for 25 weeks. In Australia, \"Novocaine For the Soul\" peaked at number 84 in October 1996. The song's popularity was also aided by its later use in the British television show \"Trigger Happy TV\". It was also featured in the films \"Berlin Blues\", \"Mean Creek\", \"Dream for an Insomniac\", and in a trailer for the 2001 film \"Novocaine\", as well an episode of \"My Mad Fat Diary\". The music video was directed by Mark Romanek and features E and the other band members","title":"Novocaine for the Soul"},{"docid":"19345670","text":"Benjamin Caron Benjamin Caron (born 2 July 1976 in the West Midlands) is a BAFTA-nominated English television director. Caron began his television career making factual programmes and entertainment programmes and music videos for a number of artists including Jay-Z. In 2006, he paired up with Derren Brown to direct a one-hour special for Channel 4, titled The Heist, which was nominated for a BAFTA in the Best Entertainment Programme category. Caron moved on to direct a range of television drama which includes Scott and Bailey, \"Skins\" and \"My Mad Fat Diary\". His first single film, a biopic for ITV1 and","title":"Benjamin Caron"},{"docid":"16625614","text":"scheme. This led to him directing episodes of BAFTA and Emmy-nominated \"My Mad Fat Diary\", Russell T Davies' \"Banana\", Pete Bowker's \"The A Word\" and he is the lead director on the BBC/Netflix coproduction \"Wanderlust\", written by Nick Payne and starring Toni Collette. Next he is directing the opening episodes of \"Temple\", written by Mark O'Rowe and starring Mark Strong for Sky Atlantic. He is set to direct the feature film adaptation of John Green, Lauren Myracle and Maureen Johnson's young adult novel in development with Netflix and Fan Club, a movie about the formation of AFC Wimbledon in development","title":"Luke Snellin"},{"docid":"15947725","text":"Claire Rushbrook Claire Louise Rushbrook (born 1971) an English film, television and stage actress. Rushbrook's theatre credits include West End productions of \"Three Sisters\" as Olga and \"Festen\" as Helene. Other stage roles include Mary Warren in \"The Crucible\" (Sheffield Crucible theatre), Sonia in \"Uncle Vanya\" (Almeida Theatre) and Mum in \"Market Boy\" (National theatre). Her films include Mike Leigh's \"Secrets & Lies\" (1996) and Carine Adler's \"Under the Skin\" (1997) with Samantha Morton. On television, she has starred in \"The Sins\" (2000), \"Linda Green\" (2001–02), the sitcom \"Carrie And Barry\" (2004–05), \"Whitechapel\" (2009–13) and \"My Mad Fat Diary\" (2013–15),","title":"Claire Rushbrook"},{"docid":"12961906","text":"E4 show \"My Mad Fat Diary\". All tracks written by Brookes, M. Collins, Blunt, R. Collins, Burgess 7\" and Cassette CD single One to Another \"One to Another\" is a song by British alternative rock band The Charlatans (known in the United States as The Charlatans UK). It was the first single from the album \"Tellin' Stories\", and the first single since the death of band member Rob Collins. The single remains their highest-charting song in the UK, reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart. It was also the band's first of two Scottish number-one singles. \"One to Another\"","title":"One to Another"},{"docid":"8311687","text":"to the King\" was huge commercial success, and well as received Grammy Award for Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance nomination. Mann is known for her role as Cora in Tyler Perry's plays, including \"I Can Do Bad All By Myself\", \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\", \"Madea's Family Reunion\", \"Madea's Class Reunion\", \"Meet the Browns\", and \"What's Done in the Dark\". Mann has appeared in movies including \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\" and \"Madea's Big Happy Family\". She recorded some songs on the soundtrack for \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\", including participating in the song \"Father (Can You","title":"Tamela Mann"},{"docid":"16286869","text":"the 2 DVD set Dog Tails Collection along with \"A Dog of Flanders\", \"A Dog's Tale\", and \"Sounder\". Common Sense Media gave the film a positive review. Finn on the Fly Finn on the Fly is 2008 Canadian film that was directed by Mark Jean. The Canadian comedian Ryan Belleville plays the part of Finn as a human. In the film, Dr. Madsen, a bitter, fame-hungry mad scientist (Ana Gasteyer), turns a Boy named Ben's dog, Finn, into a human (Ryan Belleville), when Finn accidentally runs into her lab. Ben trains Finn on how to act like a human, while","title":"Finn on the Fly"},{"docid":"8592309","text":"Mayor of Casterbridge\", \"Fingersmith\", \"Jekyll\", \"Ashes to Ashes\", \"Lewis\", \"Silent Witness\", \"Wallander\", \"Outnumbered\", \"My Mad Fat Diary \" Series 2 & 3, \"A Touch of Frost\", and \"The Smoke\". She made a cameo appearance as regular character Bryony's nan in ITV2 sitcom \"The Job Lot\". Stanton's extensive theatre work includes \"Slaughter City\" (RSC), \"Love's Labour's Lost\" and \"Hindle Wakes\" (Manchester Royal Exchange), \"A Collier's Friday Night\" (Hampstead Theatre), \"Beautiful Thing\" (Bush/Donmar Warehouse), \"Top Girls\" (BAC), \"She Stoops To Conquer\" (Margate), \"Sleeping Around\" (Donmar Warehouse), \"Mercury Fur\" (Menier Chocolate Factory), \"Breezeblock Park\" (Liverpool Playhouse), \"Market Boy\" and \"England People Very Nice\"","title":"Sophie Stanton"},{"docid":"8135002","text":"the Crescent Hotel) and neighboring Stockton Street tunnel, coupled with genuine footage of the same sites shot in the 1930s. Only the latter music video was broadcast internationally. All songs written and composed by Hope Sandoval and David Roback, except where noted. The song can be heard in the films \"Angus\", \"Starship Troopers\", \"Swept Away\", \"Lord of War\", \"Burlesque\", \"End of Watch\", \"Chasing Mavericks\", \"The To Do List\", \"Thank You For Your Service\" and \"American Honey\" along with the television shows \"Gilmore Girls\", \"Roswell\", \"Without a Trace\", \"Cold Case\", \"\", \"Person of Interest\", \"Fringe\", \"Waterloo Road\", \"My Mad Fat Diary\",","title":"Fade into You"},{"docid":"5946673","text":"many television shows and films including Basketball Wives, \"The Walking Dead\", \"American Pie\", \"90210\", \"Beerfest\", \"Being Erica\", \"The Boat That Rocked\", \"Big Brother\", \"Broad City\" , \"\", the \"Ellen DeGeneres Show\", \"ER\", \"Family Guy\", \"Frasier\", \"Game of Thrones\", \"Girlfriends\",\"Gossip Girl\", \"Greek\", \"Hell's Kitchen\", \"House of Cards\", \"How I Met Your Mother\", \"The L Word\", \"Lost\", \"Loving Annabelle\", \"The Lying Game\", \"Private Radio\", \"My Mad Fat Diary\", \"One Tree Hill\", \"Outsourced\", \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"\", \"Skins\", \"Survivor\", \"The Vampire Diaries\", \"Veronica Mars\", \"Awkward\", the Bollywood movie, \"Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani\", and in the 2014 horror film \"Unfriended\". In addition it","title":"Never Have I Ever"},{"docid":"4747096","text":"2015 for \"The A.V. Club\" A.V. Undercover series. The song was heard briefly in season 1 episode 2 of the television show \"New Girl\" and in the short-lived U.S. TV show \"Surviving Jack\" in episode three \"How Do You Talk To An Angel\". It was also the opening track for episode 5 of Season 2 of \"My Mad Fat Diary\". A Dave Lichens cover version of the song appeared in the season 1 finale of the TV show \"Preacher\". The song was also referenced in Anna Nalick’s song “Paper Bag” off the album “Wreck of Day”. The song was featured","title":"No Rain"},{"docid":"18446662","text":"stop you losing weight and teams up with TV's Most Haunted star Lesley Smith launches relaxation and meditation classes at Tutbury Castle. Raises money by cycling in pink in aid of Breast Cancer Awareness at Westfield Debenhams department store and abseiling down Derby Cathedral in aid of the Derby Mountain Rescue Team. - 2010 based at a fitness club in Derby and his clients feature in the local newspaper for their weight loss success. - 2013 Jody is thanked in his friends book, My Mad Fat Diary by Rae Earl . Jody features in the book Derby Extremes for his","title":"Jody Bunting"},{"docid":"15429482","text":"by Sam Mendes; Film4 feature \"In Fear\" starring Alice Englert, directed by Jeremy Lovering and \"Complicit\" starring David Oyelowo and directed by Niall MacCormick. Pemberton also scored director Gareth Edwards' breakthrough sci-fi short film \"Factory Farmed\". He has also composed title tunes and incidental music for several award-winning television series including \"The Game\", \"Prey\", \"Ambassadors\", \"Peep Show\", \"Desperate Romantics\", \"Space Dive\", \"Occupation\", \"Prisoners' Wives\", \"Black Mirror\", \"My Mad Fat Diary\", \"Suburban Shootout\", \"Hell's Kitchen\", \"Great British Menu\", \"Hiroshima\", \"Bad Lads' Army\", \"\", \"The Yellow House\", \"Monster Moves\", \"Dirk Gently\", \"Napoleon\" and the first series of the 2010 revival of \"Upstairs","title":"Daniel Pemberton"},{"docid":"12525148","text":"dark, morbid thing and the whole rock-n-roll crossover thing. I'm not going to have an agenda on this; I’m going to jam and record whatever is fun to me. With Cypress Hill I'm working with B-Real and DJ Muggs, but with my solo material, it's a bit more of a challenge and more rewarding for me as a songwriter when I come up with tracks and they sound banging.\" Diary of a Mad Dog Diary of a Mad Dog is the debut solo album by Cypress Hill rapper Sen Dog. It was released September 30, 2008 via indie label Suburban","title":"Diary of a Mad Dog"},{"docid":"5149362","text":"most successful single by the band in America since 1991's \"Shiny Happy People\". After \"Bang and Blame\", the band did not have a single that matched its success. Despite its success, it was left off of \"\" and \"Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage 1982–2011\". \"Bang and Blame\" was featured in the \"Cold Case\" episode \"Blackout\" as well as in the Danish mini-series \"\" by Ole Bornedal (director of \"Nattevagten\"/\"The Night Watch\"), the \"My Mad Fat Diary\" episode \"Not I\" and the \"Melrose Place\" episode \"No Strings Attached\". The song was also used in \"Weird Al\" Yankovic's polka","title":"Bang and Blame"},{"docid":"13241042","text":"workshop. In 2009, Eliot landed another starring role as Daz in the film \"Butterfly\". Since appearing in \"Summerhill\", he has had numerous guest roles in The Bill, Doctors and Casualty between 2008 and 2010. He briefly appeared in 2011 Kids TV series The Sparticle Mystery as character Jed. He can currently be seen in the E4 TV series My Mad Fat Diary as Big G, a bully and nemesis to the main character, Rae. Eliot Otis Brown Walters Eliot Otis Brown Walters (born 4 February 1993) is a British child actor, known for his role as Ryan in the BBC","title":"Eliot Otis Brown Walters"},{"docid":"11834541","text":"previously titled \"One Day Like This\". Co stars include \"Skins\"' Lily Loveless, Georgia Henshaw and Waterloo Road's Darcy Isa. Some of the filming took place in Kilsyth Academy in Kilsyth. She appeared in British singer Charlee Drew's music video for \"Somebody Else\". In 2013 Parkinson appeared in Channel 4's four-part drama \"The Mill\", portraying the role of Miriam Catterall. In October 2013, she appeared as Suzy in \"Truckers\". In 2014, she played Katie in the BBC One three-part drama \"The Driver\". She appeared in the E4 series \"My Mad Fat Diary\", as Stacey, the most popular girl. In February 2016","title":"Sacha Parkinson"},{"docid":"13407183","text":"Greg (ABC) Fourplay (Pilot) (CBS) Mad About You (NBC) You Decide (Pilot) Don Cummings Don Cummings is an American playwright of more than fifteen plays, a screenwriter, fiction writer, essayist, actor, and composer. He has acted in over forty plays and independent features and was a recurring guest star on the sitcom, \"Dharma & Greg\". His critically acclaimed plays have been produced on both coasts: \"A Good Smoke\", \"The Fat of the Land\", \"American Air\", \"What Do Men Live By?\", \"Stark Raving Mad\", \"The Winner\", \"Feed the Children!, Solid Joints\" and \"Piss Play is About Minorities So It's Really Important\".","title":"Don Cummings"},{"docid":"7095869","text":"Weasel and his fledgling label, Panic Button Records. Ben would often call Fat Wreck Chords, and heard about the band through Chris, who was the bassist for Enemy You, and an employee at Fat Wreck Chords. This led to their debut appearance on the four-way split dubbed Four On The Floor alongside Screeching Weasel, Teen Idols and Moral Crux. This was followed by their debut album Where No One Knows My Name in 1999. Based on the album's success the band was asked to open for a number of notable punk bands including, Bouncing Souls, Lagwagon, Bad Religion, T.S.O.L., Mad","title":"Enemy You"},{"docid":"13571674","text":"in the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\". She has since become a regular in Sky1's hit comedy drama 'Starlings' where she plays Charlie Starling; the football mad daughter to Jan & Terry Starling (Lesley Sharp & Brendan Coyle). Finn Atkins Finn Rosanna Atkins (born 21 June 1989) is a British film, television and stage actress. Atkins was born in Nottingham and grew up in the Clifton area, where she attended Greencroft Primary School, Farnborough School and High Pavement College. She has been a member of the Television Workshop since she was at primary school. Atkins' breakthrough came early, in Shane","title":"Finn Atkins"},{"docid":"16001024","text":"called \"Fat and His Friends\" and was first published in the \"Sunday News\" on 16 September 1923. Fat appeared as a Billy Bunterish almost bald, nasty schoolboy, complete with straw boater. Fat was usually the butt of his friend's jokes, with those early strips exhibiting much of the cruelty practised by children and reflecting a school system which believed in corporal punishment. In August 1924 the title of the strip was changed to \"Fatty Finn\", heralding a change in the strip's direction and the role of the main character, who evolved from an English boy lookalike into a knockabout schoolboy","title":"Fatty Finn"},{"docid":"15539424","text":"room, and Sam giving her a hug before going back inside. The next day, the newspaper has an item about Finn and Rachel, who were spotted on their stakeout. Quinn is furious with Finn, and Finn is already mad about seeing Quinn with Sam. They confront each other, then sing a barbed version of the duet \"I Don't Want to Know\" as their glee club assignment. Quinn then gives an ultimatum: if Finn wants their relationship to continue, he cannot sing any more duets with Rachel. Rachel has other ideas, and later sings \"Go Your Own Way\" to Finn, who","title":"Rumours (Glee)"},{"docid":"1958453","text":"1600), \"The Witch of Edmonton\" (with Ford and Rowley, 1621), and \"The Virgin Martyr\" (with Massinger, 1620). The first phase of Dekker's career is documented in Henslowe's diary. His name appears for the first time in connection with \"fayeton\" (presumably, Phaeton) in 1598. There follow, before 1599, payments for work on \"The Triplicity of Cuckolds\", \"The Mad Man's Morris\", and \"Hannibal and Hermes\". He worked on these plays with Robert Wilson, Henry Chettle, and Michael Drayton. With Drayton, he also worked on history plays on the French civil wars, Earl Godwin, and others. In 1599, he wrote plays on Troilus","title":"Thomas Dekker (writer)"},{"docid":"8664849","text":"Mad Cowgirl Mad Cowgirl is a low-budget film by Gregory Hatanaka. Hatanaka dedicated the movie to Doris Wishman, who directed 1960s sexploitation films such as \"Diary of a Nudist\", \"Behind the Nudist Curtain\" and \"Bad Girls Go to Hell\", and actor John Cassavetes. \"Mad Cowgirl\" officially was selected to the SF Indiefest and the Silverlake Film Festival, followed by a limited release in major cities such as New York City and Seattle. \"Mad Cowgirl\" was released on DVD on December 5, 2006. The central character in \"Mad Cowgirl\" is Therese, a meat inspector who is dying of a brain disorder.","title":"Mad Cowgirl"},{"docid":"19931518","text":"After putting on the crown, Finn becomes corrupted by its power, going mad. He attacks the Destiny Gang—who his family owed a debt as established in the previous episode—and put out the fires that they started, but his uncontrolled power causes the mutagenic bomb that Simon stopped to explode, destroying the surrounding area. Jake, however, falls into a mutagenic puddle and is mutated into a creature similar to the Lich, which attacks Finn. In the Time Room, Prismo reveals to Jake that Finn has been transported to a separate, altered world based on his wish that The Lich never existed.","title":"Finn the Human / Jake the Dog"},{"docid":"8934467","text":"it several times in his diary for early 1661 (often calling it the Whitefriars Theatre). Pepys' famous Diary provides information on the plays acted at the Salisbury Court Theatre immediately after the theatres re-opened. He saw Fletcher's \"The Mad Lover\" on 9 February 1661; Middleton and Rowley's \"The Changeling\" on 23 February (Thomas Betterton played De Flores); Massinger's \"The Bondman\" on 1 March (Betterton again); Fletcher and Massinger's \"The Spanish Curate\" on 16 March; Heywood's \"Love's Mistress\" on 2 March; and Fletcher's \"Rule a Wife and Have a Wife\" on 1 April. (All dates new style.) The building burned down","title":"Salisbury Court Theatre"},{"docid":"9036935","text":"Funniest Year\", a look at a past year of British television, which was broadcast on Channel 4 in September 2010. He has been a regular panelist on \"Celebrity Juice\", hosted by Keith Lemon, and has appeared at Bright Club a number of times. In January 2011, Hound participated in the former Channel 4 reality series \"Famous and Fearless\". He came third for the boys' team, and was referred to as \"The Ruthless Hound\". In 2012, Hound was a team captain for \"Mad Mad World\". Since 2012, he has presented a programme on BBC Radio Four called \"My Teenage Diary\", in","title":"Rufus Hound"},{"docid":"11185347","text":"and Finn follow the clues to an ancient church and discover a diary describing the location of the treasure. Bigg Bunny and his associates, who have been following Tess and Finn, take Tess hostage and assume incorrectly that Finn is dead. Bigg Bunny forces Tess to aid him in the search for the treasure in a blowhole. Tess finds the treasure in a cave beneath the blowhole. Finn and the Honeycutts enlist Moe to help steal the treasure from Bigg Bunny. They arrive as Bigg Bunny sends one of his associates back into the water to find out who was","title":"Fool's Gold (2008 film)"},{"docid":"13407174","text":"Don Cummings Don Cummings is an American playwright of more than fifteen plays, a screenwriter, fiction writer, essayist, actor, and composer. He has acted in over forty plays and independent features and was a recurring guest star on the sitcom, \"Dharma & Greg\". His critically acclaimed plays have been produced on both coasts: \"A Good Smoke\", \"The Fat of the Land\", \"American Air\", \"What Do Men Live By?\", \"Stark Raving Mad\", \"The Winner\", \"Feed the Children!, Solid Joints\" and \"Piss Play is About Minorities So It's Really Important\". He has been published in many literary journals. His Memoir, \"Bent But","title":"Don Cummings"},{"docid":"17842795","text":"grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Finn and Jake stumble across the Ice King’s (voiced by Tom Kenny) video diary and look to uncover his secrets. The Ice King tries to get the video diaries back, but Finn and Jake discover, via the tapes, that the Ice King was formerly a human archaeologist named Simon Petrikov who was cursed with his powers after he put his crown on his head. \"Holly Jolly Secrets\" was based on an earlier, aborted Christmas special that would have involved Finn and Jake watching actual Christmas movies, and providing commentary in a style","title":"Holly Jolly Secrets"},{"docid":"5050211","text":"After the release of the album, the band was signed to Fat Mike's label Fat Wreck Chords, through which the Mad Caddies have released 6 studio albums, 2 EPs and a live album. The Caddies have toured extensively throughout their career including tours across the USA, Europe, Japan, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and South America. Their recent release, Punk Rocksteady, was released on June 15th 2018 and was produced by Fat Mike. Mad Caddies The Mad Caddies (or the Caddies) are a ska punk band from Solvang, California. The band formed in 1995 and has released seven full-length","title":"Mad Caddies"},{"docid":"14957910","text":"Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI is a Live CD/DVD by Sludge/Southern Metal band Down. This is the final Down album to feature Rex Brown as bassist. \"Diary Of A Mad Band\" features a two-CD full concert recorded in London. The 130-minute DVD features footage documenting the 2006 return of Down from the practice room through the band's first European tour, and a bonus behind-the-scenes featurette entitled \"Tyrades and Shananigans\". The album is often mislabeled as \"Down IV\" as it is the fourth release","title":"Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI"},{"docid":"5429935","text":"Dirty\" (Coky Giedroyc, 1999). Nesbitt's performance in \"Hear My Song\" had also impressed first-time screenwriter and film director Kirk Jones, who cast him in his 1998 feature film \"Waking Ned\". Playing amiable pig farmer \"Pig\" Finn brought Nesbitt to international attention, particularly in the United States (where the film was released as \"Waking Ned Devine\"); the cast was nominated for the 1999 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Theatrical Motion Picture. In 1999, he appeared as the paramilitary \"Mad Dog\" Billy Wilson in \"The Most Fertile Man in Ireland\" (Dudi Appleton). The following year,","title":"James Nesbitt"},{"docid":"1712028","text":"on a bootleg DVD on October 15, 2014; VHS copies of \"Housewife\" have become rare, with sealed copies routinely fetching over $100 on websites like Amazon.com and eBay. Universal had made the film available on VHS through their MCA label, and through license to Goodtimes Home Video. Diary of a Mad Housewife Diary of a Mad Housewife is a 1970 American comedy-drama film about a frustrated wife portrayed by Carrie Snodgress. Snodgress was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won a Golden Globe award in the same category. The film was adapted by Eleanor Perry from the","title":"Diary of a Mad Housewife"},{"docid":"712838","text":"of North America, and only volunteers would be sent overseas. Mackenzie King scheduled a referendum for 27 April 1942 to ask the voters to release him from his promise to only send volunteers overseas, which Montgomery alluded to in her letter mentioning \"conscription will come in\". In her last entry in her diary on 23 March 1942, Montgomery wrote: \"Since then my life has been hell, hell, hell. My mind is gone – everything in the world I lived for has gone – the world has gone mad. I shall be driven to end my life. Oh God, forgive me.","title":"Lucy Maud Montgomery"},{"docid":"2507597","text":"Diary of a Mad Band Diary of a Mad Band is the second studio album from American R&B group Jodeci, released December 21, 1993 on Uptown Records and distributed through MCA Records. The album also featured the first ever album appearances from Timbaland and Missy Elliott (credited as Misdemeanor) and Sista two years before they became known in the music industry. New Jersey rapper Redman also makes a guest appearance on the album. It was Jodeci's second album to reach number-one on the R&B album chart where it stayed for two weeks. It spawned the #1 R&B hit \"Cry for","title":"Diary of a Mad Band"},{"docid":"4602780","text":"Texas. The jury returned an 8–0 verdict in favor of Perry. Diary of a Mad Black Woman Tyler Perry's Diary of a Mad Black Woman is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film written by and starring Tyler Perry, which was inspired by the play of the same name. It is Perry's debut feature film, and the first entry in the Tyler Perry film franchise. Directed by Darren Grant, the film was released in the US on February 25, 2005. It is the only Tyler Perry scripted film not directed by Perry himself. The sequel, \"Madea's Family Reunion\", was released on February","title":"Diary of a Mad Black Woman"},{"docid":"4602770","text":"Diary of a Mad Black Woman Tyler Perry's Diary of a Mad Black Woman is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film written by and starring Tyler Perry, which was inspired by the play of the same name. It is Perry's debut feature film, and the first entry in the Tyler Perry film franchise. Directed by Darren Grant, the film was released in the US on February 25, 2005. It is the only Tyler Perry scripted film not directed by Perry himself. The sequel, \"Madea's Family Reunion\", was released on February 25, 2006. Helen (Kimberly Elise) and Charles McCarter (Steve Harris) have","title":"Diary of a Mad Black Woman"},{"docid":"14957911","text":"by Down, although it is not a studio album. Another reason for this is that on the album's artwork, the Roman numeral for 6 (VI) is present. The Roman numeral for 6 is present because the album was recorded in 2006 (In the year of VI). The vinyl release features completely different artwork under the title Threefold Live. The live album was originally set for release on March 23, 2010. However, due to legal issues the album's release date was pushed back to October 5. Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI Diary of a Mad","title":"Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI"},{"docid":"9837073","text":"(1980),\" Mad Max 2\" (1981) (which was released as \"The Road Warrior\" in the US), and \"Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome\" (1985). Other films she did costume design on in the early 1980s include the children's \"Little Rascals\" style film \"Fatty Finn\" (1980), \"The Chain Reaction\" (1980) (also called\" Nuclear Run\"), and \"Nate and Hayes\" (1983) (also called \"Savage Islands\" in the UK). Moriceau has won three Australian Film Institute Awards for the best costume-design, for \"Newsfront\", \"Fatty Finn\" and \"Mad Max 2\". In the mid-1980s, Moriceau did the costume design for the big Australian hit film \"Crocodile Dundee\" (1986), and","title":"Norma Moriceau"},{"docid":"9549799","text":"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play) Diary of a Mad Black Woman is an American stage play written and directed by Tyler Perry, which opened in the spring of 2001. It features music by Tyler Perry and Elvin D. Ross. The production starred Marva King, Tamela Mann and Tyler Perry. Helen McCarter (King) is a loving wife to her successful millionaire husband and attorney, Charles McCarter (Blake). For twenty years, they have lived in a mansion on the inner part of the city. It appears that Helen is living the perfect life, but things are not as they seem,","title":"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play)"},{"docid":"9549792","text":"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play) Diary of a Mad Black Woman is an American stage play written and directed by Tyler Perry, which opened in the spring of 2001. It features music by Tyler Perry and Elvin D. Ross. The production starred Marva King, Tamela Mann and Tyler Perry. Helen McCarter (King) is a loving wife to her successful millionaire husband and attorney, Charles McCarter (Blake). For twenty years, they have lived in a mansion on the inner part of the city. It appears that Helen is living the perfect life, but things are not as they seem,","title":"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play)"},{"docid":"2507599","text":"from the \"Chicago Tribune\" found the lyrics clichéd and Jodeci \"certainly not as funky as H-Town nor as stirring as Boyz II Men at their best\". Robert Christgau was even less impressed and assigned it a \"neither\" symbol in his \"Consumer Guide\" book, indicating an album that \"may impress once or twice with consistent craft or an arresting track or two. Then it won't.\" \"—\" denotes releases that did not chart. Information taken from Allmusic. Diary of a Mad Band Diary of a Mad Band is the second studio album from American R&B group Jodeci, released December 21, 1993 on","title":"Diary of a Mad Band"},{"docid":"5914220","text":"to be desired as a film.\" Metacritic gives the film a score of 45% based on reviews from 18 critics. Madea's Family Reunion Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 comedy-drama film adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry and sequel to \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". It was written and directed by Perry, who also played several characters, including Madea. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". The independent film was produced by Lionsgate. After Madea (Tyler Perry) violates","title":"Madea's Family Reunion"},{"docid":"5842009","text":"in \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\", which makes William in his 50s. Tyler Perry has confirmed that in \"A Madea Family Funeral\" (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (also played by Perry), a Vietnam war veteran. Madea has appeared in several plays (some of which have been recorded for repeated viewing), fully produced films, a couple of television programs (guest appearances), one book and one animated film. The character made her first appearance in the 1999 play \"I Can Do Bad All by Myself\", later appearing in numerous other plays by Perry, then appearing in films based on","title":"Madea"},{"docid":"5842007","text":"Happy Family\", Cora enlists the help of Maury Povich to find out if Leroy Brown is in fact her father, after a blood test proves he is not. DNA tests reveal that Leroy Brown is not the father of Cora. In \"Madea's Big Happy Family\" there is no apparent relation between Leroy Brown and Cora other than friends. Son: William SimmonsWilliam is Madea's youngest and only son. Depending on the chronological order of the plays, William could be older than Cora. William is married to Myrtle. As far as the plays, Myrtle only appears in the \"Diary of a Mad","title":"Madea"},{"docid":"8438246","text":"My Big Fat Independent Movie My Big Fat Independent Movie is a 2005 independent film produced, written and directed by former film critic Chris Gore spoofing well-known independent films, such as \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\", \"Memento\", \"Swingers\", \"Pulp Fiction\", \"Magnolia\", \"Amélie\", \"Reservoir Dogs\", \"Pi\", \"The Good Girl\", \"Run Lola Run\", \"Clerks\" and \"El Mariachi\". \"My Big Fat Independent Movie\" was eventually acquired by Anchor Bay Entertainment distribution and the film was released on DVD. Broadcast cable rights were picked up by CBS Corporation for Showtime, The Movie Channel and Sundance Channel. A black man molesting a white man who","title":"My Big Fat Independent Movie"},{"docid":"5914206","text":"Madea's Family Reunion Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 comedy-drama film adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry and sequel to \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". It was written and directed by Perry, who also played several characters, including Madea. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". The independent film was produced by Lionsgate. After Madea (Tyler Perry) violates the terms of her house arrest (which she was subjected to in the previous film), the judge orders her to","title":"Madea's Family Reunion"},{"docid":"8032570","text":"as the producers Blige worked with previously on \"What's the 411?\" demanded more money when the album was certified triple platinum. Blige loved the one song Thompson produced for her, which made Combs change the direction of the album. Combs called recording engineer Prince Charles Alexander out of the blue after Jodeci went to record \"Diary of a Mad Band\". Alexander was brought in at the end of the record, after working on albums by other artists on Bad Boy Entertainment, such as Total, The Notorious B.I.G. and 112. In the middle of recording \"My Life\", Combs suggested covering Rose","title":"My Life (Mary J. Blige album)"},{"docid":"6143912","text":"\"Halloween\", \"Silent Night, Deadly Night\", \"April Fool's Day\" and \"My Bloody Valentine\", the trailer starred Jeff Rendell as a killer who stalks victims while dressed as a pilgrim; Jordan Ladd, Jay Hernandez, and Roth himself as his intended victims; and Michael Biehn as the Sheriff. The design for the titles in \"Thanksgiving\" was based on a \"Mad\" magazine slasher parody titled \"Arbor Day\". Excerpts of the score from \"Creepshow\" were used in the faux trailer. According to Roth, \"My friend Jeff, who plays the killer pilgrim – we grew up in Massachusetts, we were huge slasher movie fans and every","title":"Grindhouse (film)"},{"docid":"15378679","text":"as \"Mickey Finn's Air\" after Finn's death and was recorded by tin whistler Seán Ryan for his CD \"Minstrel's Fancy\"(1995) and by Alec Finn on his CD \"Blue Shamrock\" (1995). Bill Finn is credited on the sleeve notes of these recordings. Finn is survived by his wife Lena Ullman, who plays five-string banjo with the Americana band \"Moonshine\", daughter Sadie; two brothers, Billy (who plays flute, whistles, and pipes) and Johnny (guitarist and singer/songwriter); and sisters, Elizabeth (singer), Mary (singer) and Jackie (piano player and singer). http://archive.advertiser.ie/pages/preview.php?ref=17343&ext=jpg&k=&search=%21collection904&offset=0&order_by=field8&sort=DESC&archive=0 http://www.advertiser.ie/galway/article/10991 http://archive.advertiser.ie/pages/preview.php?ref=97860&ext=jpg&k=&search=%21collection1925&offset=40&order_by=field51&sort=ASC&archive=0 http://www.gaelport.com/sonrai-nuachta?NewsItemID=5397 http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2010/0904/1224278192533.html http://www.nattceol.org/wiki/tiki-print.php?page=Minstrel's%20Fancy https://web.archive.org/web/20110706104208/http://www.getmusic.com.au/store/artist/music/detail.aspx?pid=60759&aid=61780 https://web.archive.org/web/20110708151833/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=159 https://web.archive.org/web/20110708151823/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=178 Mickey Finn (Irish fiddler) Mickey","title":"Mickey Finn (Irish fiddler)"},{"docid":"16510724","text":"Cent Family\" and \"Death Comedy\" has toured across the United States and Canada. Since then, Diaan has written and produced multiple theatrical plays, hosted his own popular radio show on KIRN 670 AM, and produced and hosted a television show for channel one TV named “ It's a mad mad mad mad world\". His television show reached millions of Iranians worldwide through satellite and internet. Despite the risks attached to this journey, Diaan returned to his homeland after 24 years in the summer of 2000, to direct and produce the touching and informative documentary \"Iran is My Home\". This film","title":"David Diaan"},{"docid":"20311500","text":"Seán Finn Seán Finn (born 24 January 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays as a right corner-back for club side Bruff and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team. Finn was born in Bruff, County Limerick. His father, Brian Finn, won a Munster Championship medal with the Limerick senior hurling team in 1994. During his studies at the University of Limerick, Finn was selected for the college's senior hurling team. On 24 February 2018, he won a Fitzgibbon Cup medal following UL's 2-21 to 2-15 defeat of Dublin City University in the final. Finn joined the Bruff","title":"Seán Finn"},{"docid":"8664850","text":"The film follows Therese on her surreal descent into violence, in which men in her life become the Ten Tigers of Canton that she must kill in order to become a better woman. Victims of Therese's violent surreal madness include her meatpacking brother Thierry, naughty Pastor Dylan, and a Sri Lankan doctor. Mad Cowgirl Mad Cowgirl is a low-budget film by Gregory Hatanaka. Hatanaka dedicated the movie to Doris Wishman, who directed 1960s sexploitation films such as \"Diary of a Nudist\", \"Behind the Nudist Curtain\" and \"Bad Girls Go to Hell\", and actor John Cassavetes. \"Mad Cowgirl\" officially was selected","title":"Mad Cowgirl"},{"docid":"2526636","text":"and media outlets reported that a sequel was in the works. Nia Vardalos later confirmed this via Twitter, and she also has written a script for the film. The first trailer for \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2\" was aired on NBC's \"The Today Show\" on November 11, 2015 and it was released on March 25, 2016, to mixed reviews from critics and modest box office success. My Big Fat Greek Wedding My Big Fat Greek Wedding is a 2002 romantic comedy film directed by Joel Zwick and written by Nia Vardalos, who also stars in the film as Fotoula","title":"My Big Fat Greek Wedding"},{"docid":"20292418","text":"a further month on 6 December. Kyle Finn Kyle Finn (born 7 December 1998) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hereford on loan from Coventry City. Finn made his professional debut in a 3–1 EFL Cup loss to Blackburn Rovers on 8 August 2017. In August 2018, Kyle moved to Tamworth on a one-month loan deal. A month later, the initial loan was extended by a further four months. Later on in the year, Finn joined Hereford FC on an initial one month long loan deal, after he was recalled from his loan at Tamworth.","title":"Kyle Finn"},{"docid":"17855136","text":"Diary of a Big Man Diary of a Big Man is a 1988 Hong Kong romantic comedy film directed by veteran producer and actor Chor Yuen, produced by Tsui Hark and starring Chow Yun-fat in the lead role. The film co-stars Sally Yeh, Joey Wong, Waise Lee, Carrie Ng and Kent Cheng as the police inspector. The film begins with a comedic narration done by the leading man whom, in a brief introduction calls himself Chow Ting-fat (Chow Yun-fat). He dreamed of becoming wealthy and successful, which also includes marrying beautiful ladies at once. The scene roles to the part","title":"Diary of a Big Man"},{"docid":"1712023","text":"Diary of a Mad Housewife Diary of a Mad Housewife is a 1970 American comedy-drama film about a frustrated wife portrayed by Carrie Snodgress. Snodgress was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won a Golden Globe award in the same category. The film was adapted by Eleanor Perry from the 1967 novel by Sue Kaufman and directed by Perry's then-husband, Frank Perry. The film co-stars Richard Benjamin and Frank Langella. Tina Balser, an educated, frustrated housewife and mother, is in a loveless marriage with Jonathan, an insufferable, controlling, emotionally abusive, social-climbing lawyer in New York City. He","title":"Diary of a Mad Housewife"},{"docid":"12525147","text":"Diary of a Mad Dog Diary of a Mad Dog is the debut solo album by Cypress Hill rapper Sen Dog. It was released September 30, 2008 via indie label Suburban Noize Records. The record features guest appearances by the likes of Kottonmouth Kings, Young De, B-Real, Mellow Man Ace, Slip Matola, and J-Killa among others. According to the rapper, it is his most personal music creation to date. The albums touches various topics including his gang affiliations in his early life, and a mild heart attack, which he suffered during the making of the album. \"I've done the whole","title":"Diary of a Mad Dog"},{"docid":"20292417","text":"Kyle Finn Kyle Finn (born 7 December 1998) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hereford on loan from Coventry City. Finn made his professional debut in a 3–1 EFL Cup loss to Blackburn Rovers on 8 August 2017. In August 2018, Kyle moved to Tamworth on a one-month loan deal. A month later, the initial loan was extended by a further four months. Later on in the year, Finn joined Hereford FC on an initial one month long loan deal, after he was recalled from his loan at Tamworth. This loan was extended again for","title":"Kyle Finn"},{"docid":"13938621","text":"My Sister and I: The Diary of a Dutch Boy Refugee My Sister and I: The Diary of a Dutch Boy Refugee was first published in January 1941 in New York by Harcourt, Brace. It is the alleged diary of a 12-year-old Dutch boy, named Dirk Van Der Heide, who survives the bombing of Rotterdam, Holland and escapes aboard a ship with his younger sister. They stop in England on their way to America. This book was used for pro-British propaganda. This book follows the alleged diary of a 12-year-old boy named Dirk Van Der Heide as he recalled his","title":"My Sister and I: The Diary of a Dutch Boy Refugee"},{"docid":"15044913","text":"Lee Brooks, who recorded \"My Diary\" with Jimi Hendrix. Since the onset of digital recording technology in the 1980s, Russell's drums have been sampled by a number of Hip-Hop, Rap, and R&B artists including Jamie Foxx, Mariah Carey, LL Cool J, Big Daddy Kane, Public Enemy, The Notorious B.I.G., Fat Joe, De La Soul, Black Sheep, A Tribe Called Quest, and more. In 2001 Russell contributed liner note comments for legendary jazz/fusion drummer Billy Cobham's Rudiments-Anthology CD, and Russell was a featured artist in the June 2010 issue of \"Modern Drummer\" magazine. Most recently Russell's drumming was featured in an","title":"Robin Russell"},{"docid":"16844410","text":"previously won a county junior championship medal with Dromina. Martin Finn (hurler) Martin Finn (born 1979) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a full-forward for the London senior hurling team. Finn began his inter-county career as a member of the Cork under-21 hurling team. After emigrating from Ireland he subsequently linked up with the New York and London senior hurling teams. As an inter-county hurler he has won one Christy Ring Cup winners' medal and one Nicky Rackard Cup winners' medal. Finn has ended up as an Ulster runner-up on one occasion. At club level Finn is a","title":"Martin Finn (hurler)"},{"docid":"16844409","text":"Martin Finn (hurler) Martin Finn (born 1979) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a full-forward for the London senior hurling team. Finn began his inter-county career as a member of the Cork under-21 hurling team. After emigrating from Ireland he subsequently linked up with the New York and London senior hurling teams. As an inter-county hurler he has won one Christy Ring Cup winners' medal and one Nicky Rackard Cup winners' medal. Finn has ended up as an Ulster runner-up on one occasion. At club level Finn is a two-time county senior championship medalist with St. Gabriel's. He","title":"Martin Finn (hurler)"},{"docid":"3697225","text":"soundtrack credits include \"\", \"Festival Express\", \"Jimi Plays Monterey\", \"Jimi Plays Berkeley\", \"Live at the Fillmore East\", \"Mad Dogs and Englishmen\", \"The Pursuit of Happiness\", \"Rainbow Bridge\", \"The Song Remains the Same\", and \"\". Kramer was interviewed extensively in \"Jimi Hendrix: Hear My Train a Comin\"', a two-hour American Masters documentary which debuted in November 2013. He is also a photographer who has exhibited a number of his intimate images of performers, particularly Hendrix, with whom he worked on \"Are You Experienced\", \"\", \"Electric Ladyland\", \"Band of Gypsys\", and \"The Cry of Love\", as well as the posthumous \"Valleys of","title":"Eddie Kramer"},{"docid":"6235134","text":"Fat Lady Sings. Bernie Smirnoff went on to play for my eyes my eyes and now plays for Kingbathmat. The Vipers The Vipers were an Irish new wave group of the late 1970s. A live act fronted by Paul Boyle and virtuoso guitarist George Sweeney, they toured with The Clash and The Jam. Their debut single \"I've Got You\"/\"No Such Thing\" (Mulligan LUNS 718) was released in late 1978. This was heard by the BBC's John Peel who invited the band across the Irish Sea to do a session for his radio program, the Peel Sessions. A permanent move to","title":"The Vipers"},{"docid":"7703658","text":"My Big Fat Greek Life My Big Fat Greek Life is an American sitcom that ran on CBS in 2003. The series is a continuation of the 2002 movie \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\" and was produced by Sony Pictures Television and Tom Hanks's Playtone Productions for CBS. The two lead characters' names are changed, from Toula and Ian, to Nia and Thomas. Series star Nia Vardalos also oversaw the show as one of the co-executive producers, along with Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson, who made a guest appearance in one episode as Nia's cousin. The series, which is","title":"My Big Fat Greek Life"},{"docid":"13536817","text":"the emerald. He refuses, though, and gives her the emerald again, since he sees Finn as someone who needs protecting from crueler human beings who would've definitely taken advantage of her and her innocence. Finn eventually forgives him and has him be her prisoner again. After some chain of events, Finn gets a kirtle and with a cloak, disguises herself as Hugo's wife and, on the second night of the journey, they pay for a room at an inn and Finn is surprised that all her friends that work there do not recognize her a bit, partially because she is","title":"Ransom My Heart"},{"docid":"11450254","text":"A Stranger Came Ashore A Stranger Came Ashore is a 1975 young adult novel written by Scottish author Mollie Hunter. Set on the Shetland Islands in the north of Scotland, the plot revolves around a boy called Robbie Henderson, his family and a mysterious stranger named Finn Learson. One night on the island of Black Ness, the Hendersons are sitting at home in their but-and-benhouse. There is a heavy storm outside. Then a figure, who is fat and fugly, bursts through the door, soaking wet. He is tall, lean and handsome, and calls himself Finn Learson, and he claims to","title":"A Stranger Came Ashore"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656195\",\n \"text\": \"Finn, Archie, Izzy and Chop. Throughout its run, \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" received critical acclaim, particularly for its accurate and honest portrayal of mental illness and Sharon Rooney's performance. \\\"The Guardian\\\"s Sam Wollaston called it a \\\"lovely drama – honest and painful, real, and very funny,\\\" going on to say \\\"Sharon Rooney's performance in the lead is natural, effortless and utterly believable; she should win something for it.\\\" \\\"The Stage\\\" called it \\\"a comedy drama that actually satisfies the criteria of both genres, \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" offers a unique and uncompromising perspective on adolescent angst that distresses and delights\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656193\",\n \"text\": \"My Mad Fat Diary My Mad Fat Diary was a British comedy-drama television series that debuted on E4 on 14 January 2013. It is based on the novel \\\"My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary\\\" by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014, with each episode posted on 4oD a week prior to the television release. In November 2014, it was announced that a final three-episode third series would be made, set in 1998. After three series and sixteen episodes, \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" broadcast its final episode on 6 July 2015. The\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656200\",\n \"text\": \"4 and on E4+1. Tom Bidwell, the writer of the show, mentioned in April 2014 in an interview with the \\\"Chorley Guardian\\\" that MTV has commissioned him to work on an American remake of the show. My Mad Fat Diary My Mad Fat Diary was a British comedy-drama television series that debuted on E4 on 14 January 2013. It is based on the novel \\\"My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary\\\" by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014, with each episode posted on 4oD a week prior to the television release. In\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656199\",\n \"text\": \"three shows, but, even with a great soundtrack (if only the Mack really would return …) and the odd nice line, \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" is a long way from the equal of that trio in invention, edge or humour.\\\" \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" star Sharon Rooney was chosen as one of the first group of BAFTA \\\"Breakthrough Brits\\\" in 2013. The first episode of the third and final series attracted 548,000 viewers on E4, whilst the second episode attracted 537,000 viewers. The final episode of the series attracted 450,000 viewers. All viewing figures exclude those who watched on All\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18479509\",\n \"text\": \"Sharon Rooney Sharon Rooney (born 22 October 1988) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her roles as Rae Earl in \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", Sophie in \\\"Two Doors Down\\\" and Dawn in \\\"Brief Encounters\\\". At the age of 16, Rooney left school to pursue her career in acting. She enrolled on a performing arts course at Hull University. She performed as a stand-up comedian, and toured with a play in various schools across Britain. Rooney was cast for her first television role, that of Rae Earl in \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", a drama about a young woman who\",\n \"title\": \"Sharon Rooney\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656197\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"surprisingly honest, funny and even moving account of what it’s like for a teenage girl to live with serious mental health problems, free of many of the clichés that often inform how mental illness is portrayed on TV,\\\" going on to say that Rae \\\"has a mental illness, but it doesn’t define her. It’s just something that she has to deal with and try to manage on a daily basis, just like the one in ten young people in the UK who have a mental illness.\\\" Semple refers to \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" as a \\\"breath of fresh air and\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10860824\",\n \"text\": \"being an overweight girl with mental health difficulties, living in a council house with her mother and her mother's Moroccan boyfriend. A follow-up book, \\\"My Madder Fatter Diary\\\", Vol.2 was published in 2014. The television show \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" on E4 is based on her books. UnlIke the book, the series takes place in the 1990s rather than the 1980s. The first series began airing in January 2013, with a second series shown in 2014. A third and final series was shown in 2015. In 2016, Earl's book \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" will be published by St. Martin's Press.\",\n \"title\": \"Rae Earl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9837218\",\n \"text\": \"advertisement for \\\"Battlestar Galactica\\\". \\\"Spaceman\\\" is also used in \\\"Eesti otsib superstaari\\\" (Pop Idol Estonia). \\\"Spaceman\\\" is also featured in E4's \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", in the episode \\\"Ladies and Gentlemen\\\", during the scene where Rae and Finn begin their drive to Knebworth. Following the release of the single, a music video was produced. It features a black-and-white prologue with Jas Mann as a night driver who has a close encounter with aliens appearing from fog on the road; meanwhile the vocals are speed up. When the vocals decelerate and return to normal pitch, the video alternates between the band\",\n \"title\": \"Spaceman (Babylon Zoo song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656194\",\n \"text\": \"series was nominated for multiple BAFTA awards, with Sharon Rooney winning in 2015 for Best Drama Actress. Set in Stamford, Lincolnshire in the mid-1990s, \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" follows the story of 16-year-old, 16 stone (106 kg) (224 lb) girl, Rae Earl, who has just left a psychiatric hospital, where she has spent four months. She begins to reconnect with her best friend, Chloe, who is unaware of Rae's mental health and body image problems, believing she was in France for the past four months. Rae attempts to keep this information from her while also trying to impress Chloe's friends\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656198\",\n \"text\": \"will do a lot to change the way young people think about mental health.\\\" The mental health charity Mind praised the My Mad Fat Diary, with the show's depiction of mental health leading it to win the Drama category at their annual Media Awards in both 2014 and 2016. In a more mixed review, Robert Epstein of \\\"The Independent\\\" criticised E4 for relating the programme to its other teen shows: \\\"If such comparisons are unfair, blame it on E4, whose continuity announcer declared: 'If you like \\\"Skins\\\", \\\"The Inbetweeners\\\" and \\\"Misfits\\\", you'll like this.' Well, sorry, I do like those\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11008686\",\n \"text\": \"role. In 2011 Mirallegro appeared in the BBC's three-part psychological thriller \\\"Exile\\\", playing the teenage version of leading character Tom Ronstadt (played by John Simm). Later in the same year Mirallegro played the role of Sam, a gay heroin addict in the BBC drama \\\"The Body Farm\\\". In 2013 he portrayed Finn Nelson, the love interest of the main female character in E4's popular teenage comedy drama \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\". That same year he also played the role of Joe Middleton in the BBC drama \\\"The Village\\\". In 2014, Mirallegro portrayed a teenager prosecuted for murder under the Joint\",\n \"title\": \"Nico Mirallegro\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17650781\",\n \"text\": \"executive produce the Hugo Blick series \\\"The Forgiving Earth\\\", which will air on BBC Two and Netflix. Greg Brenman Greg Brenman is an English film and television producer. As previous Head of Drama at UK's Tiger Aspect Productions, he produced over 400 hours of British TV drama. Titles include \\\"Peaky Blinders\\\", \\\"Ripper Street\\\", \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", \\\"Prisoners' Wives\\\", \\\"Robin Hood\\\" and \\\"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\\\". In film, Brenman has produced films such \\\"Omagh\\\", \\\"White Girl\\\", and \\\"Billy Elliot\\\". In 2013, Brenman, with colleague Roanna Benn, formed Drama Republic, a new specialty drama production company. Drama Republic produced\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Brenman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18479511\",\n \"text\": \"set in 1982 and revolving around four women who become involved in Ann Summers party planning. \\\"Brief Encounters\\\" debuted in July 2016 and also stars Dame Penelope Wilton, Sophie Rundle, and Angela Griffin. Sharon Rooney Sharon Rooney (born 22 October 1988) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her roles as Rae Earl in \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", Sophie in \\\"Two Doors Down\\\" and Dawn in \\\"Brief Encounters\\\". At the age of 16, Rooney left school to pursue her career in acting. She enrolled on a performing arts course at Hull University. She performed as a stand-up comedian, and\",\n \"title\": \"Sharon Rooney\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11037552\",\n \"text\": \"Jordan Murphy (English actor) Jordan Murphy (born 14 January 1988) is a British actor. He made his first appearance in 2004 when he played Liam Fisher in the episode \\\"A Life Lost\\\" of the TV series \\\"Casualty\\\". Jordan made appearances on television in 2005. He played Josh Giggs in \\\"The Bill\\\" (episodes #296 and #297) and the long-running TV series \\\"Doctor Who\\\" when he played Ernie in the episodes \\\"The Empty Child\\\" and \\\"The Doctor dances. In 2012, he played in Mat Whitecross's film \\\"Spike Island\\\" about The Stone Roses. He appeared in the British comedy-drama \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan Murphy (English actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17650780\",\n \"text\": \"Greg Brenman Greg Brenman is an English film and television producer. As previous Head of Drama at UK's Tiger Aspect Productions, he produced over 400 hours of British TV drama. Titles include \\\"Peaky Blinders\\\", \\\"Ripper Street\\\", \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", \\\"Prisoners' Wives\\\", \\\"Robin Hood\\\" and \\\"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\\\". In film, Brenman has produced films such \\\"Omagh\\\", \\\"White Girl\\\", and \\\"Billy Elliot\\\". In 2013, Brenman, with colleague Roanna Benn, formed Drama Republic, a new specialty drama production company. Drama Republic produced \\\"Doctor Foster\\\", which Brenman is an executive producer of. In 2017, it was announced that Brenamn would\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Brenman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10860823\",\n \"text\": \"Rae Earl Rae Earl (born Rachel Earl; 13 December 1971 in Stamford, England) is an English writer and broadcaster. Earl obtained a degree from Hull University and won the University's Philip Larkin literary prize in 1994. She then worked as a copywriter in local radio before moving into radio presenting. Earl lives in Hobart, Australia and is married to Kevin Johnson and has a son named Harry. She is the author of the 2007 book \\\"My Fat Mad Teenage Diary\\\", a collection of the diaries she wrote as a teenager in the late 1980s. The diary describes the tribulations of\",\n \"title\": \"Rae Earl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17454139\",\n \"text\": \"series two of \\\"The Bletchley Circle\\\". In September, she had two projects debut, the first being BAFTA nominated film \\\"Pride\\\", in which she played the character of Steph. The second was the TV miniseries murder mystery \\\"Glue\\\". Marsay played the character Janine Riley. Marsay also appeared in the 2014 \\\"Doctor Who\\\" Christmas special \\\"Last Christmas\\\" as Shona McCullough. 2015 began with Marsay appearing in the fifth season of the popular HBO series \\\"Game of Thrones\\\" as the Waif. In June, Marsay was cast as new character Katie Springer in the TV series \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" for the final season.\",\n \"title\": \"Faye Marsay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19375718\",\n \"text\": \"then made appearances in \\\"Holby City\\\", \\\"Doctors\\\", \\\"Silent Witness\\\", \\\"Casualty\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Vera\\\" and \\\"Inspector George Gently\\\". She was then cast in leading roles in the five-episode drama series \\\"Justice\\\", the supernatural miniseries, \\\"Remember Me\\\" and the E4 comedy-drama series, \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" where she appeared for three seasons as Chloe Gemell. Comer appeared in the 2015 adaptation of \\\"Lady Chatterley's Lover\\\", a television film broadcast on BBC One. In 2015, she also appeared in the BBC One drama series \\\"Doctor Foster\\\" as Kate Parks and was cast in the BBC Three miniseries, \\\"Thirteen\\\" which premiered on BBC Three on\",\n \"title\": \"Jodie Comer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7431296\",\n \"text\": \"the franchise, \\\"\\\", contains a new cover of \\\"Laid\\\" by singer Aidan Hawken; as of 2012, it still has yet to be released on any album or as a single. The eighth and final film, \\\"American Reunion\\\", features the original version by James in the film for the first and only time in the series' history. The song was featured at the end of an episode of the second series of E4 show \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", the film \\\"The To Do List\\\" and on an episode of \\\"Hindsight\\\". Recently it was featured in Episode 4 of the Netflix Original\",\n \"title\": \"Laid (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19470998\",\n \"text\": \"more vicious and nosy than either. The first series of Home Fires was met with great acclaim from high views being recommissioned for a second series ITV. Jodie Hamblet Jodie Hamblet is a British TV actress; she is best known for her appearance in the soap opera \\\"Coronation Street\\\" as Gemma Davenport. She made her debut aged 14 in \\\"Linda Green\\\" and later had roles in \\\"Coronation Street\\\", \\\"Life On Mars\\\" and \\\"Shameless\\\". She went on to play Vicky in the second series of \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\". In 2015, Hamblet first appeared as the vicious telephone operator Jenny Marshall\",\n \"title\": \"Jodie Hamblet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19470997\",\n \"text\": \"Jodie Hamblet Jodie Hamblet is a British TV actress; she is best known for her appearance in the soap opera \\\"Coronation Street\\\" as Gemma Davenport. She made her debut aged 14 in \\\"Linda Green\\\" and later had roles in \\\"Coronation Street\\\", \\\"Life On Mars\\\" and \\\"Shameless\\\". She went on to play Vicky in the second series of \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\". In 2015, Hamblet first appeared as the vicious telephone operator Jenny Marshall in \\\"Home Fires\\\". Hamblet appeared in the first series a leading character and then returned as Jenny once again in Series 2 with her character being even\",\n \"title\": \"Jodie Hamblet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7195343\",\n \"text\": \"Eve White Eve White was an English television actress. Among other roles, she appeared as Sue Morgan on the soap opera \\\"Hollyoaks\\\" from 1999 to 2002. She is now a London literary agent and her clients include: Alex Stobbs, Andy Stanton, author of the best-selling \\\"Mr Gum\\\" series (Egmont Press), Susannah Corbett, Gillian Rogerson, Rae Earl Johnson, whose \\\"My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary\\\" is now a Channel 4 drama series, Tabitha Suzuma, Tracey Corderoy, Jimmy Docherty, Saskia Sarginson, author of \\\"The Twins\\\" (Little, Brown), Fergus McNeill, author of Eye Contact (Hodder & Stoughton), Kate Maryon, Jim Lusby, Yvvette Edwards, author\",\n \"title\": \"Eve White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2454567\",\n \"text\": \"the Netherlands in 2015. Endemol created and ran reality, talent and game show franchises worldwide, including \\\"Big Brother, Deal or No Deal, Wipeout, The Money Drop, and Your Face Sounds Familiar.\\\" The company also has a portfolio of drama and comedy series including titles such as \\\"The Fall\\\", \\\"Peaky Blinders\\\", \\\"Hell on Wheels\\\", \\\"Benidorm\\\", \\\"Ripper Street\\\", \\\"Black Mirror\\\", \\\"Bad Education\\\", \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", \\\"Hot in Cleveland\\\", \\\"Kirstie\\\", \\\"Leverage\\\", \\\"Home and Away\\\", \\\"Death Comes to Pemberley\\\" and \\\"The Crimson Field\\\". Endemol was founded in 1994 by a merger of television production companies owned by Joop van den Ende and John\",\n \"title\": \"Endemol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19375716\",\n \"text\": \"Jodie Comer Jodie Comer (born 11 March 1993) is an English actress, known for her roles as the assassin Villanelle in \\\"Killing Eve\\\", Chloe Gemell in the comedy-drama series \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", Ivy Moxam in the BBC Three miniseries \\\"Thirteen\\\", Kate Parks in \\\"Doctor Foster\\\" and as Elizabeth of York in the miniseries \\\"The White Princess\\\". Jodie Comer was born on 11 March 1993 in Liverpool, England. She attended a weekend drama school and performed at her school, St Julie's Catholic High School, in Woolton, Liverpool. After being excluded for not being able to attend dance rehearsals for a\",\n \"title\": \"Jodie Comer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16656196\",\n \"text\": \"by turns. Visual gimmicks – flashbacks, fantasies and animated squiggles leaping from the page – are used sparingly but effectively, allowing the focus to stay fixed on Rae and Rooney’s commanding and engagingly natural central performance.\\\" \\\"The Art Desk\\\" said \\\"the first episode of this six-part comedy drama is touching, hilarious and perfectly cast.\\\" Claire Webb of the \\\"Radio Times\\\" said the plot is \\\"as uplifting as it is moving, although the banter and gimmicks won't be to everybody's taste.\\\" The show also received praise for its honest portrayal of mental health. Brian Semple of \\\"The Independent\\\" calls the show\",\n \"title\": \"My Mad Fat Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11013034\",\n \"text\": \"Nine Nine, & Man Seeking Woman. He set up and directed the first season of the critically acclaimed and Bafta nominated, My Mad Fat Diary, and SKY & NBC's You, Me and the Apocalypse, and the BAFTA nominated The C Word. He has made documentaries with Motörhead, Iron Maiden, and Judas Priest for the multi-award winning documentary strand - Classic Albums. \\\"Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle\\\", a six-part comedy series featuring standup and sketches, began a six-episode run on 16 March 2009; the first episode was watched by approximately 1 million viewers. It was executive produced by Armando Iannucci and script\",\n \"title\": \"Tim Kirkby\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10756919\",\n \"text\": \"dream of acting. McClean started presenting on the Nickelodeon channel. He presented for other children's television shows such as \\\"It's Not Fair\\\" and wrote \\\"Mad for It\\\".for ITV. He then presented for adult shows, most notably \\\"Richard & Judy\\\". In 2003, McClean appeared in Christmas special of \\\"The Office\\\". He hosted the Xfm Manchester Breakfast Show between June 2008 - 2009 Mike McClean provided the voice-over for \\\"Watchdog Test House\\\" In 2016. Mike played Father Tony in \\\"Shameless\\\". He recently played Fin's dad in the C4 series \\\"My Big Fat Diary\\\". Mike has been busy touring the country with his\",\n \"title\": \"Mike McClean\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11857895\",\n \"text\": \"Skåne\\\". With the third series, the Skåne Regional Council only wanted to invest 2 million Krona. They later signed on to support the production by other means such as letting BBC and Yellow Bird use Ystad Studios for free, worth about half a million Swedish Krona. City of Ystad-Österlens Film Bond also invested 2 million Swedish Krona. On 8 October 2014, the BBC announced that principal photography of the final three-episode fourth series had started. The first episode, \\\"The White Lioness\\\", is written by James Dormer (\\\"Strike Back\\\", \\\"Outcast\\\"), and directed by Benjamin Caron (\\\", Skins, My Mad Fat Diary\\\").\",\n \"title\": \"Wallander (UK TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16286868\",\n \"text\": \"Finn on the Fly Finn on the Fly is 2008 Canadian film that was directed by Mark Jean. The Canadian comedian Ryan Belleville plays the part of Finn as a human. In the film, Dr. Madsen, a bitter, fame-hungry mad scientist (Ana Gasteyer), turns a Boy named Ben's dog, Finn, into a human (Ryan Belleville), when Finn accidentally runs into her lab. Ben trains Finn on how to act like a human, while Dr. Madsen wants to capture Finn for personal gain. Special features on the DVD are behind the scenes and a short comic. The film was released in\",\n \"title\": \"Finn on the Fly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7687624\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Billboard\\\" Modern Rock Tracks chart for two weeks in October 1996, and remained on the chart for 25 weeks. In Australia, \\\"Novocaine For the Soul\\\" peaked at number 84 in October 1996. The song's popularity was also aided by its later use in the British television show \\\"Trigger Happy TV\\\". It was also featured in the films \\\"Berlin Blues\\\", \\\"Mean Creek\\\", \\\"Dream for an Insomniac\\\", and in a trailer for the 2001 film \\\"Novocaine\\\", as well an episode of \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\". The music video was directed by Mark Romanek and features E and the other band members\",\n \"title\": \"Novocaine for the Soul\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19345670\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin Caron Benjamin Caron (born 2 July 1976 in the West Midlands) is a BAFTA-nominated English television director. Caron began his television career making factual programmes and entertainment programmes and music videos for a number of artists including Jay-Z. In 2006, he paired up with Derren Brown to direct a one-hour special for Channel 4, titled The Heist, which was nominated for a BAFTA in the Best Entertainment Programme category. Caron moved on to direct a range of television drama which includes Scott and Bailey, \\\"Skins\\\" and \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\". His first single film, a biopic for ITV1 and\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Caron\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16625614\",\n \"text\": \"scheme. This led to him directing episodes of BAFTA and Emmy-nominated \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", Russell T Davies' \\\"Banana\\\", Pete Bowker's \\\"The A Word\\\" and he is the lead director on the BBC/Netflix coproduction \\\"Wanderlust\\\", written by Nick Payne and starring Toni Collette. Next he is directing the opening episodes of \\\"Temple\\\", written by Mark O'Rowe and starring Mark Strong for Sky Atlantic. He is set to direct the feature film adaptation of John Green, Lauren Myracle and Maureen Johnson's young adult novel in development with Netflix and Fan Club, a movie about the formation of AFC Wimbledon in development\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Snellin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15947725\",\n \"text\": \"Claire Rushbrook Claire Louise Rushbrook (born 1971) an English film, television and stage actress. Rushbrook's theatre credits include West End productions of \\\"Three Sisters\\\" as Olga and \\\"Festen\\\" as Helene. Other stage roles include Mary Warren in \\\"The Crucible\\\" (Sheffield Crucible theatre), Sonia in \\\"Uncle Vanya\\\" (Almeida Theatre) and Mum in \\\"Market Boy\\\" (National theatre). Her films include Mike Leigh's \\\"Secrets & Lies\\\" (1996) and Carine Adler's \\\"Under the Skin\\\" (1997) with Samantha Morton. On television, she has starred in \\\"The Sins\\\" (2000), \\\"Linda Green\\\" (2001–02), the sitcom \\\"Carrie And Barry\\\" (2004–05), \\\"Whitechapel\\\" (2009–13) and \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" (2013–15),\",\n \"title\": \"Claire Rushbrook\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12961906\",\n \"text\": \"E4 show \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\". All tracks written by Brookes, M. Collins, Blunt, R. Collins, Burgess 7\\\" and Cassette CD single One to Another \\\"One to Another\\\" is a song by British alternative rock band The Charlatans (known in the United States as The Charlatans UK). It was the first single from the album \\\"Tellin' Stories\\\", and the first single since the death of band member Rob Collins. The single remains their highest-charting song in the UK, reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart. It was also the band's first of two Scottish number-one singles. \\\"One to Another\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"One to Another\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8311687\",\n \"text\": \"to the King\\\" was huge commercial success, and well as received Grammy Award for Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance nomination. Mann is known for her role as Cora in Tyler Perry's plays, including \\\"I Can Do Bad All By Myself\\\", \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\", \\\"Madea's Family Reunion\\\", \\\"Madea's Class Reunion\\\", \\\"Meet the Browns\\\", and \\\"What's Done in the Dark\\\". Mann has appeared in movies including \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\" and \\\"Madea's Big Happy Family\\\". She recorded some songs on the soundtrack for \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\", including participating in the song \\\"Father (Can You\",\n \"title\": \"Tamela Mann\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16286869\",\n \"text\": \"the 2 DVD set Dog Tails Collection along with \\\"A Dog of Flanders\\\", \\\"A Dog's Tale\\\", and \\\"Sounder\\\". Common Sense Media gave the film a positive review. Finn on the Fly Finn on the Fly is 2008 Canadian film that was directed by Mark Jean. The Canadian comedian Ryan Belleville plays the part of Finn as a human. In the film, Dr. Madsen, a bitter, fame-hungry mad scientist (Ana Gasteyer), turns a Boy named Ben's dog, Finn, into a human (Ryan Belleville), when Finn accidentally runs into her lab. Ben trains Finn on how to act like a human, while\",\n \"title\": \"Finn on the Fly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8592309\",\n \"text\": \"Mayor of Casterbridge\\\", \\\"Fingersmith\\\", \\\"Jekyll\\\", \\\"Ashes to Ashes\\\", \\\"Lewis\\\", \\\"Silent Witness\\\", \\\"Wallander\\\", \\\"Outnumbered\\\", \\\"My Mad Fat Diary \\\" Series 2 & 3, \\\"A Touch of Frost\\\", and \\\"The Smoke\\\". She made a cameo appearance as regular character Bryony's nan in ITV2 sitcom \\\"The Job Lot\\\". Stanton's extensive theatre work includes \\\"Slaughter City\\\" (RSC), \\\"Love's Labour's Lost\\\" and \\\"Hindle Wakes\\\" (Manchester Royal Exchange), \\\"A Collier's Friday Night\\\" (Hampstead Theatre), \\\"Beautiful Thing\\\" (Bush/Donmar Warehouse), \\\"Top Girls\\\" (BAC), \\\"She Stoops To Conquer\\\" (Margate), \\\"Sleeping Around\\\" (Donmar Warehouse), \\\"Mercury Fur\\\" (Menier Chocolate Factory), \\\"Breezeblock Park\\\" (Liverpool Playhouse), \\\"Market Boy\\\" and \\\"England People Very Nice\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Sophie Stanton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8135002\",\n \"text\": \"the Crescent Hotel) and neighboring Stockton Street tunnel, coupled with genuine footage of the same sites shot in the 1930s. Only the latter music video was broadcast internationally. All songs written and composed by Hope Sandoval and David Roback, except where noted. The song can be heard in the films \\\"Angus\\\", \\\"Starship Troopers\\\", \\\"Swept Away\\\", \\\"Lord of War\\\", \\\"Burlesque\\\", \\\"End of Watch\\\", \\\"Chasing Mavericks\\\", \\\"The To Do List\\\", \\\"Thank You For Your Service\\\" and \\\"American Honey\\\" along with the television shows \\\"Gilmore Girls\\\", \\\"Roswell\\\", \\\"Without a Trace\\\", \\\"Cold Case\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Person of Interest\\\", \\\"Fringe\\\", \\\"Waterloo Road\\\", \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Fade into You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5946673\",\n \"text\": \"many television shows and films including Basketball Wives, \\\"The Walking Dead\\\", \\\"American Pie\\\", \\\"90210\\\", \\\"Beerfest\\\", \\\"Being Erica\\\", \\\"The Boat That Rocked\\\", \\\"Big Brother\\\", \\\"Broad City\\\" , \\\"\\\", the \\\"Ellen DeGeneres Show\\\", \\\"ER\\\", \\\"Family Guy\\\", \\\"Frasier\\\", \\\"Game of Thrones\\\", \\\"Girlfriends\\\",\\\"Gossip Girl\\\", \\\"Greek\\\", \\\"Hell's Kitchen\\\", \\\"House of Cards\\\", \\\"How I Met Your Mother\\\", \\\"The L Word\\\", \\\"Lost\\\", \\\"Loving Annabelle\\\", \\\"The Lying Game\\\", \\\"Private Radio\\\", \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", \\\"One Tree Hill\\\", \\\"Outsourced\\\", \\\"The Big Bang Theory\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Skins\\\", \\\"Survivor\\\", \\\"The Vampire Diaries\\\", \\\"Veronica Mars\\\", \\\"Awkward\\\", the Bollywood movie, \\\"Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani\\\", and in the 2014 horror film \\\"Unfriended\\\". In addition it\",\n \"title\": \"Never Have I Ever\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4747096\",\n \"text\": \"2015 for \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" A.V. Undercover series. The song was heard briefly in season 1 episode 2 of the television show \\\"New Girl\\\" and in the short-lived U.S. TV show \\\"Surviving Jack\\\" in episode three \\\"How Do You Talk To An Angel\\\". It was also the opening track for episode 5 of Season 2 of \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\". A Dave Lichens cover version of the song appeared in the season 1 finale of the TV show \\\"Preacher\\\". The song was also referenced in Anna Nalick’s song “Paper Bag” off the album “Wreck of Day”. The song was featured\",\n \"title\": \"No Rain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18446662\",\n \"text\": \"stop you losing weight and teams up with TV's Most Haunted star Lesley Smith launches relaxation and meditation classes at Tutbury Castle. Raises money by cycling in pink in aid of Breast Cancer Awareness at Westfield Debenhams department store and abseiling down Derby Cathedral in aid of the Derby Mountain Rescue Team. - 2010 based at a fitness club in Derby and his clients feature in the local newspaper for their weight loss success. - 2013 Jody is thanked in his friends book, My Mad Fat Diary by Rae Earl . Jody features in the book Derby Extremes for his\",\n \"title\": \"Jody Bunting\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15429482\",\n \"text\": \"by Sam Mendes; Film4 feature \\\"In Fear\\\" starring Alice Englert, directed by Jeremy Lovering and \\\"Complicit\\\" starring David Oyelowo and directed by Niall MacCormick. Pemberton also scored director Gareth Edwards' breakthrough sci-fi short film \\\"Factory Farmed\\\". He has also composed title tunes and incidental music for several award-winning television series including \\\"The Game\\\", \\\"Prey\\\", \\\"Ambassadors\\\", \\\"Peep Show\\\", \\\"Desperate Romantics\\\", \\\"Space Dive\\\", \\\"Occupation\\\", \\\"Prisoners' Wives\\\", \\\"Black Mirror\\\", \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", \\\"Suburban Shootout\\\", \\\"Hell's Kitchen\\\", \\\"Great British Menu\\\", \\\"Hiroshima\\\", \\\"Bad Lads' Army\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Yellow House\\\", \\\"Monster Moves\\\", \\\"Dirk Gently\\\", \\\"Napoleon\\\" and the first series of the 2010 revival of \\\"Upstairs\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Pemberton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12525148\",\n \"text\": \"dark, morbid thing and the whole rock-n-roll crossover thing. I'm not going to have an agenda on this; I’m going to jam and record whatever is fun to me. With Cypress Hill I'm working with B-Real and DJ Muggs, but with my solo material, it's a bit more of a challenge and more rewarding for me as a songwriter when I come up with tracks and they sound banging.\\\" Diary of a Mad Dog Diary of a Mad Dog is the debut solo album by Cypress Hill rapper Sen Dog. It was released September 30, 2008 via indie label Suburban\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5149362\",\n \"text\": \"most successful single by the band in America since 1991's \\\"Shiny Happy People\\\". After \\\"Bang and Blame\\\", the band did not have a single that matched its success. Despite its success, it was left off of \\\"\\\" and \\\"Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage 1982–2011\\\". \\\"Bang and Blame\\\" was featured in the \\\"Cold Case\\\" episode \\\"Blackout\\\" as well as in the Danish mini-series \\\"\\\" by Ole Bornedal (director of \\\"Nattevagten\\\"/\\\"The Night Watch\\\"), the \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\" episode \\\"Not I\\\" and the \\\"Melrose Place\\\" episode \\\"No Strings Attached\\\". The song was also used in \\\"Weird Al\\\" Yankovic's polka\",\n \"title\": \"Bang and Blame\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13241042\",\n \"text\": \"workshop. In 2009, Eliot landed another starring role as Daz in the film \\\"Butterfly\\\". Since appearing in \\\"Summerhill\\\", he has had numerous guest roles in The Bill, Doctors and Casualty between 2008 and 2010. He briefly appeared in 2011 Kids TV series The Sparticle Mystery as character Jed. He can currently be seen in the E4 TV series My Mad Fat Diary as Big G, a bully and nemesis to the main character, Rae. Eliot Otis Brown Walters Eliot Otis Brown Walters (born 4 February 1993) is a British child actor, known for his role as Ryan in the BBC\",\n \"title\": \"Eliot Otis Brown Walters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11834541\",\n \"text\": \"previously titled \\\"One Day Like This\\\". Co stars include \\\"Skins\\\"' Lily Loveless, Georgia Henshaw and Waterloo Road's Darcy Isa. Some of the filming took place in Kilsyth Academy in Kilsyth. She appeared in British singer Charlee Drew's music video for \\\"Somebody Else\\\". In 2013 Parkinson appeared in Channel 4's four-part drama \\\"The Mill\\\", portraying the role of Miriam Catterall. In October 2013, she appeared as Suzy in \\\"Truckers\\\". In 2014, she played Katie in the BBC One three-part drama \\\"The Driver\\\". She appeared in the E4 series \\\"My Mad Fat Diary\\\", as Stacey, the most popular girl. In February 2016\",\n \"title\": \"Sacha Parkinson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13407183\",\n \"text\": \"Greg (ABC) Fourplay (Pilot) (CBS) Mad About You (NBC) You Decide (Pilot) Don Cummings Don Cummings is an American playwright of more than fifteen plays, a screenwriter, fiction writer, essayist, actor, and composer. He has acted in over forty plays and independent features and was a recurring guest star on the sitcom, \\\"Dharma & Greg\\\". His critically acclaimed plays have been produced on both coasts: \\\"A Good Smoke\\\", \\\"The Fat of the Land\\\", \\\"American Air\\\", \\\"What Do Men Live By?\\\", \\\"Stark Raving Mad\\\", \\\"The Winner\\\", \\\"Feed the Children!, Solid Joints\\\" and \\\"Piss Play is About Minorities So It's Really Important\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Don Cummings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7095869\",\n \"text\": \"Weasel and his fledgling label, Panic Button Records. Ben would often call Fat Wreck Chords, and heard about the band through Chris, who was the bassist for Enemy You, and an employee at Fat Wreck Chords. This led to their debut appearance on the four-way split dubbed Four On The Floor alongside Screeching Weasel, Teen Idols and Moral Crux. This was followed by their debut album Where No One Knows My Name in 1999. Based on the album's success the band was asked to open for a number of notable punk bands including, Bouncing Souls, Lagwagon, Bad Religion, T.S.O.L., Mad\",\n \"title\": \"Enemy You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13571674\",\n \"text\": \"in the BBC One soap opera \\\"EastEnders\\\". She has since become a regular in Sky1's hit comedy drama 'Starlings' where she plays Charlie Starling; the football mad daughter to Jan & Terry Starling (Lesley Sharp & Brendan Coyle). Finn Atkins Finn Rosanna Atkins (born 21 June 1989) is a British film, television and stage actress. Atkins was born in Nottingham and grew up in the Clifton area, where she attended Greencroft Primary School, Farnborough School and High Pavement College. She has been a member of the Television Workshop since she was at primary school. Atkins' breakthrough came early, in Shane\",\n \"title\": \"Finn Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16001024\",\n \"text\": \"called \\\"Fat and His Friends\\\" and was first published in the \\\"Sunday News\\\" on 16 September 1923. Fat appeared as a Billy Bunterish almost bald, nasty schoolboy, complete with straw boater. Fat was usually the butt of his friend's jokes, with those early strips exhibiting much of the cruelty practised by children and reflecting a school system which believed in corporal punishment. In August 1924 the title of the strip was changed to \\\"Fatty Finn\\\", heralding a change in the strip's direction and the role of the main character, who evolved from an English boy lookalike into a knockabout schoolboy\",\n \"title\": \"Fatty Finn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15539424\",\n \"text\": \"room, and Sam giving her a hug before going back inside. The next day, the newspaper has an item about Finn and Rachel, who were spotted on their stakeout. Quinn is furious with Finn, and Finn is already mad about seeing Quinn with Sam. They confront each other, then sing a barbed version of the duet \\\"I Don't Want to Know\\\" as their glee club assignment. Quinn then gives an ultimatum: if Finn wants their relationship to continue, he cannot sing any more duets with Rachel. Rachel has other ideas, and later sings \\\"Go Your Own Way\\\" to Finn, who\",\n \"title\": \"Rumours (Glee)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1958453\",\n \"text\": \"1600), \\\"The Witch of Edmonton\\\" (with Ford and Rowley, 1621), and \\\"The Virgin Martyr\\\" (with Massinger, 1620). The first phase of Dekker's career is documented in Henslowe's diary. His name appears for the first time in connection with \\\"fayeton\\\" (presumably, Phaeton) in 1598. There follow, before 1599, payments for work on \\\"The Triplicity of Cuckolds\\\", \\\"The Mad Man's Morris\\\", and \\\"Hannibal and Hermes\\\". He worked on these plays with Robert Wilson, Henry Chettle, and Michael Drayton. With Drayton, he also worked on history plays on the French civil wars, Earl Godwin, and others. In 1599, he wrote plays on Troilus\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Dekker (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8664849\",\n \"text\": \"Mad Cowgirl Mad Cowgirl is a low-budget film by Gregory Hatanaka. Hatanaka dedicated the movie to Doris Wishman, who directed 1960s sexploitation films such as \\\"Diary of a Nudist\\\", \\\"Behind the Nudist Curtain\\\" and \\\"Bad Girls Go to Hell\\\", and actor John Cassavetes. \\\"Mad Cowgirl\\\" officially was selected to the SF Indiefest and the Silverlake Film Festival, followed by a limited release in major cities such as New York City and Seattle. \\\"Mad Cowgirl\\\" was released on DVD on December 5, 2006. The central character in \\\"Mad Cowgirl\\\" is Therese, a meat inspector who is dying of a brain disorder.\",\n \"title\": \"Mad Cowgirl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19931518\",\n \"text\": \"After putting on the crown, Finn becomes corrupted by its power, going mad. He attacks the Destiny Gang—who his family owed a debt as established in the previous episode—and put out the fires that they started, but his uncontrolled power causes the mutagenic bomb that Simon stopped to explode, destroying the surrounding area. Jake, however, falls into a mutagenic puddle and is mutated into a creature similar to the Lich, which attacks Finn. In the Time Room, Prismo reveals to Jake that Finn has been transported to a separate, altered world based on his wish that The Lich never existed.\",\n \"title\": \"Finn the Human / Jake the Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8934467\",\n \"text\": \"it several times in his diary for early 1661 (often calling it the Whitefriars Theatre). Pepys' famous Diary provides information on the plays acted at the Salisbury Court Theatre immediately after the theatres re-opened. He saw Fletcher's \\\"The Mad Lover\\\" on 9 February 1661; Middleton and Rowley's \\\"The Changeling\\\" on 23 February (Thomas Betterton played De Flores); Massinger's \\\"The Bondman\\\" on 1 March (Betterton again); Fletcher and Massinger's \\\"The Spanish Curate\\\" on 16 March; Heywood's \\\"Love's Mistress\\\" on 2 March; and Fletcher's \\\"Rule a Wife and Have a Wife\\\" on 1 April. (All dates new style.) The building burned down\",\n \"title\": \"Salisbury Court Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9036935\",\n \"text\": \"Funniest Year\\\", a look at a past year of British television, which was broadcast on Channel 4 in September 2010. He has been a regular panelist on \\\"Celebrity Juice\\\", hosted by Keith Lemon, and has appeared at Bright Club a number of times. In January 2011, Hound participated in the former Channel 4 reality series \\\"Famous and Fearless\\\". He came third for the boys' team, and was referred to as \\\"The Ruthless Hound\\\". In 2012, Hound was a team captain for \\\"Mad Mad World\\\". Since 2012, he has presented a programme on BBC Radio Four called \\\"My Teenage Diary\\\", in\",\n \"title\": \"Rufus Hound\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11185347\",\n \"text\": \"and Finn follow the clues to an ancient church and discover a diary describing the location of the treasure. Bigg Bunny and his associates, who have been following Tess and Finn, take Tess hostage and assume incorrectly that Finn is dead. Bigg Bunny forces Tess to aid him in the search for the treasure in a blowhole. Tess finds the treasure in a cave beneath the blowhole. Finn and the Honeycutts enlist Moe to help steal the treasure from Bigg Bunny. They arrive as Bigg Bunny sends one of his associates back into the water to find out who was\",\n \"title\": \"Fool's Gold (2008 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13407174\",\n \"text\": \"Don Cummings Don Cummings is an American playwright of more than fifteen plays, a screenwriter, fiction writer, essayist, actor, and composer. He has acted in over forty plays and independent features and was a recurring guest star on the sitcom, \\\"Dharma & Greg\\\". His critically acclaimed plays have been produced on both coasts: \\\"A Good Smoke\\\", \\\"The Fat of the Land\\\", \\\"American Air\\\", \\\"What Do Men Live By?\\\", \\\"Stark Raving Mad\\\", \\\"The Winner\\\", \\\"Feed the Children!, Solid Joints\\\" and \\\"Piss Play is About Minorities So It's Really Important\\\". He has been published in many literary journals. His Memoir, \\\"Bent But\",\n \"title\": \"Don Cummings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17842795\",\n \"text\": \"grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Finn and Jake stumble across the Ice King’s (voiced by Tom Kenny) video diary and look to uncover his secrets. The Ice King tries to get the video diaries back, but Finn and Jake discover, via the tapes, that the Ice King was formerly a human archaeologist named Simon Petrikov who was cursed with his powers after he put his crown on his head. \\\"Holly Jolly Secrets\\\" was based on an earlier, aborted Christmas special that would have involved Finn and Jake watching actual Christmas movies, and providing commentary in a style\",\n \"title\": \"Holly Jolly Secrets\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5050211\",\n \"text\": \"After the release of the album, the band was signed to Fat Mike's label Fat Wreck Chords, through which the Mad Caddies have released 6 studio albums, 2 EPs and a live album. The Caddies have toured extensively throughout their career including tours across the USA, Europe, Japan, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and South America. Their recent release, Punk Rocksteady, was released on June 15th 2018 and was produced by Fat Mike. Mad Caddies The Mad Caddies (or the Caddies) are a ska punk band from Solvang, California. The band formed in 1995 and has released seven full-length\",\n \"title\": \"Mad Caddies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14957910\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI is a Live CD/DVD by Sludge/Southern Metal band Down. This is the final Down album to feature Rex Brown as bassist. \\\"Diary Of A Mad Band\\\" features a two-CD full concert recorded in London. The 130-minute DVD features footage documenting the 2006 return of Down from the practice room through the band's first European tour, and a bonus behind-the-scenes featurette entitled \\\"Tyrades and Shananigans\\\". The album is often mislabeled as \\\"Down IV\\\" as it is the fourth release\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5429935\",\n \"text\": \"Dirty\\\" (Coky Giedroyc, 1999). Nesbitt's performance in \\\"Hear My Song\\\" had also impressed first-time screenwriter and film director Kirk Jones, who cast him in his 1998 feature film \\\"Waking Ned\\\". Playing amiable pig farmer \\\"Pig\\\" Finn brought Nesbitt to international attention, particularly in the United States (where the film was released as \\\"Waking Ned Devine\\\"); the cast was nominated for the 1999 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Theatrical Motion Picture. In 1999, he appeared as the paramilitary \\\"Mad Dog\\\" Billy Wilson in \\\"The Most Fertile Man in Ireland\\\" (Dudi Appleton). The following year,\",\n \"title\": \"James Nesbitt\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1712028\",\n \"text\": \"on a bootleg DVD on October 15, 2014; VHS copies of \\\"Housewife\\\" have become rare, with sealed copies routinely fetching over $100 on websites like Amazon.com and eBay. Universal had made the film available on VHS through their MCA label, and through license to Goodtimes Home Video. Diary of a Mad Housewife Diary of a Mad Housewife is a 1970 American comedy-drama film about a frustrated wife portrayed by Carrie Snodgress. Snodgress was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won a Golden Globe award in the same category. The film was adapted by Eleanor Perry from the\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Housewife\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"712838\",\n \"text\": \"of North America, and only volunteers would be sent overseas. Mackenzie King scheduled a referendum for 27 April 1942 to ask the voters to release him from his promise to only send volunteers overseas, which Montgomery alluded to in her letter mentioning \\\"conscription will come in\\\". In her last entry in her diary on 23 March 1942, Montgomery wrote: \\\"Since then my life has been hell, hell, hell. My mind is gone – everything in the world I lived for has gone – the world has gone mad. I shall be driven to end my life. Oh God, forgive me.\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy Maud Montgomery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2507597\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Mad Band Diary of a Mad Band is the second studio album from American R&B group Jodeci, released December 21, 1993 on Uptown Records and distributed through MCA Records. The album also featured the first ever album appearances from Timbaland and Missy Elliott (credited as Misdemeanor) and Sista two years before they became known in the music industry. New Jersey rapper Redman also makes a guest appearance on the album. It was Jodeci's second album to reach number-one on the R&B album chart where it stayed for two weeks. It spawned the #1 R&B hit \\\"Cry for\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Band\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4602780\",\n \"text\": \"Texas. The jury returned an 8–0 verdict in favor of Perry. Diary of a Mad Black Woman Tyler Perry's Diary of a Mad Black Woman is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film written by and starring Tyler Perry, which was inspired by the play of the same name. It is Perry's debut feature film, and the first entry in the Tyler Perry film franchise. Directed by Darren Grant, the film was released in the US on February 25, 2005. It is the only Tyler Perry scripted film not directed by Perry himself. The sequel, \\\"Madea's Family Reunion\\\", was released on February\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4602770\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman Tyler Perry's Diary of a Mad Black Woman is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film written by and starring Tyler Perry, which was inspired by the play of the same name. It is Perry's debut feature film, and the first entry in the Tyler Perry film franchise. Directed by Darren Grant, the film was released in the US on February 25, 2005. It is the only Tyler Perry scripted film not directed by Perry himself. The sequel, \\\"Madea's Family Reunion\\\", was released on February 25, 2006. Helen (Kimberly Elise) and Charles McCarter (Steve Harris) have\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14957911\",\n \"text\": \"by Down, although it is not a studio album. Another reason for this is that on the album's artwork, the Roman numeral for 6 (VI) is present. The Roman numeral for 6 is present because the album was recorded in 2006 (In the year of VI). The vinyl release features completely different artwork under the title Threefold Live. The live album was originally set for release on March 23, 2010. However, due to legal issues the album's release date was pushed back to October 5. Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI Diary of a Mad\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Band: Europe in the Year of VI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9837073\",\n \"text\": \"(1980),\\\" Mad Max 2\\\" (1981) (which was released as \\\"The Road Warrior\\\" in the US), and \\\"Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome\\\" (1985). Other films she did costume design on in the early 1980s include the children's \\\"Little Rascals\\\" style film \\\"Fatty Finn\\\" (1980), \\\"The Chain Reaction\\\" (1980) (also called\\\" Nuclear Run\\\"), and \\\"Nate and Hayes\\\" (1983) (also called \\\"Savage Islands\\\" in the UK). Moriceau has won three Australian Film Institute Awards for the best costume-design, for \\\"Newsfront\\\", \\\"Fatty Finn\\\" and \\\"Mad Max 2\\\". In the mid-1980s, Moriceau did the costume design for the big Australian hit film \\\"Crocodile Dundee\\\" (1986), and\",\n \"title\": \"Norma Moriceau\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9549799\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play) Diary of a Mad Black Woman is an American stage play written and directed by Tyler Perry, which opened in the spring of 2001. It features music by Tyler Perry and Elvin D. Ross. The production starred Marva King, Tamela Mann and Tyler Perry. Helen McCarter (King) is a loving wife to her successful millionaire husband and attorney, Charles McCarter (Blake). For twenty years, they have lived in a mansion on the inner part of the city. It appears that Helen is living the perfect life, but things are not as they seem,\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9549792\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play) Diary of a Mad Black Woman is an American stage play written and directed by Tyler Perry, which opened in the spring of 2001. It features music by Tyler Perry and Elvin D. Ross. The production starred Marva King, Tamela Mann and Tyler Perry. Helen McCarter (King) is a loving wife to her successful millionaire husband and attorney, Charles McCarter (Blake). For twenty years, they have lived in a mansion on the inner part of the city. It appears that Helen is living the perfect life, but things are not as they seem,\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2507599\",\n \"text\": \"from the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" found the lyrics clichéd and Jodeci \\\"certainly not as funky as H-Town nor as stirring as Boyz II Men at their best\\\". Robert Christgau was even less impressed and assigned it a \\\"neither\\\" symbol in his \\\"Consumer Guide\\\" book, indicating an album that \\\"may impress once or twice with consistent craft or an arresting track or two. Then it won't.\\\" \\\"—\\\" denotes releases that did not chart. Information taken from Allmusic. Diary of a Mad Band Diary of a Mad Band is the second studio album from American R&B group Jodeci, released December 21, 1993 on\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Band\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5914220\",\n \"text\": \"to be desired as a film.\\\" Metacritic gives the film a score of 45% based on reviews from 18 critics. Madea's Family Reunion Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 comedy-drama film adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry and sequel to \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\". It was written and directed by Perry, who also played several characters, including Madea. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\". The independent film was produced by Lionsgate. After Madea (Tyler Perry) violates\",\n \"title\": \"Madea's Family Reunion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5842009\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\", which makes William in his 50s. Tyler Perry has confirmed that in \\\"A Madea Family Funeral\\\" (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (also played by Perry), a Vietnam war veteran. Madea has appeared in several plays (some of which have been recorded for repeated viewing), fully produced films, a couple of television programs (guest appearances), one book and one animated film. The character made her first appearance in the 1999 play \\\"I Can Do Bad All by Myself\\\", later appearing in numerous other plays by Perry, then appearing in films based on\",\n \"title\": \"Madea\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5842007\",\n \"text\": \"Happy Family\\\", Cora enlists the help of Maury Povich to find out if Leroy Brown is in fact her father, after a blood test proves he is not. DNA tests reveal that Leroy Brown is not the father of Cora. In \\\"Madea's Big Happy Family\\\" there is no apparent relation between Leroy Brown and Cora other than friends. Son: William SimmonsWilliam is Madea's youngest and only son. Depending on the chronological order of the plays, William could be older than Cora. William is married to Myrtle. As far as the plays, Myrtle only appears in the \\\"Diary of a Mad\",\n \"title\": \"Madea\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8438246\",\n \"text\": \"My Big Fat Independent Movie My Big Fat Independent Movie is a 2005 independent film produced, written and directed by former film critic Chris Gore spoofing well-known independent films, such as \\\"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\\\", \\\"Memento\\\", \\\"Swingers\\\", \\\"Pulp Fiction\\\", \\\"Magnolia\\\", \\\"Amélie\\\", \\\"Reservoir Dogs\\\", \\\"Pi\\\", \\\"The Good Girl\\\", \\\"Run Lola Run\\\", \\\"Clerks\\\" and \\\"El Mariachi\\\". \\\"My Big Fat Independent Movie\\\" was eventually acquired by Anchor Bay Entertainment distribution and the film was released on DVD. Broadcast cable rights were picked up by CBS Corporation for Showtime, The Movie Channel and Sundance Channel. A black man molesting a white man who\",\n \"title\": \"My Big Fat Independent Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5914206\",\n \"text\": \"Madea's Family Reunion Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 comedy-drama film adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry and sequel to \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\". It was written and directed by Perry, who also played several characters, including Madea. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, \\\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\\\". The independent film was produced by Lionsgate. After Madea (Tyler Perry) violates the terms of her house arrest (which she was subjected to in the previous film), the judge orders her to\",\n \"title\": \"Madea's Family Reunion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8032570\",\n \"text\": \"as the producers Blige worked with previously on \\\"What's the 411?\\\" demanded more money when the album was certified triple platinum. Blige loved the one song Thompson produced for her, which made Combs change the direction of the album. Combs called recording engineer Prince Charles Alexander out of the blue after Jodeci went to record \\\"Diary of a Mad Band\\\". Alexander was brought in at the end of the record, after working on albums by other artists on Bad Boy Entertainment, such as Total, The Notorious B.I.G. and 112. In the middle of recording \\\"My Life\\\", Combs suggested covering Rose\",\n \"title\": \"My Life (Mary J. Blige album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6143912\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Halloween\\\", \\\"Silent Night, Deadly Night\\\", \\\"April Fool's Day\\\" and \\\"My Bloody Valentine\\\", the trailer starred Jeff Rendell as a killer who stalks victims while dressed as a pilgrim; Jordan Ladd, Jay Hernandez, and Roth himself as his intended victims; and Michael Biehn as the Sheriff. The design for the titles in \\\"Thanksgiving\\\" was based on a \\\"Mad\\\" magazine slasher parody titled \\\"Arbor Day\\\". Excerpts of the score from \\\"Creepshow\\\" were used in the faux trailer. According to Roth, \\\"My friend Jeff, who plays the killer pilgrim – we grew up in Massachusetts, we were huge slasher movie fans and every\",\n \"title\": \"Grindhouse (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15378679\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Mickey Finn's Air\\\" after Finn's death and was recorded by tin whistler Seán Ryan for his CD \\\"Minstrel's Fancy\\\"(1995) and by Alec Finn on his CD \\\"Blue Shamrock\\\" (1995). Bill Finn is credited on the sleeve notes of these recordings. Finn is survived by his wife Lena Ullman, who plays five-string banjo with the Americana band \\\"Moonshine\\\", daughter Sadie; two brothers, Billy (who plays flute, whistles, and pipes) and Johnny (guitarist and singer/songwriter); and sisters, Elizabeth (singer), Mary (singer) and Jackie (piano player and singer). http://archive.advertiser.ie/pages/preview.php?ref=17343&ext=jpg&k=&search=%21collection904&offset=0&order_by=field8&sort=DESC&archive=0 http://www.advertiser.ie/galway/article/10991 http://archive.advertiser.ie/pages/preview.php?ref=97860&ext=jpg&k=&search=%21collection1925&offset=40&order_by=field51&sort=ASC&archive=0 http://www.gaelport.com/sonrai-nuachta?NewsItemID=5397 http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2010/0904/1224278192533.html http://www.nattceol.org/wiki/tiki-print.php?page=Minstrel's%20Fancy https://web.archive.org/web/20110706104208/http://www.getmusic.com.au/store/artist/music/detail.aspx?pid=60759&aid=61780 https://web.archive.org/web/20110708151833/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=159 https://web.archive.org/web/20110708151823/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=178 Mickey Finn (Irish fiddler) Mickey\",\n \"title\": \"Mickey Finn (Irish fiddler)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16510724\",\n \"text\": \"Cent Family\\\" and \\\"Death Comedy\\\" has toured across the United States and Canada. Since then, Diaan has written and produced multiple theatrical plays, hosted his own popular radio show on KIRN 670 AM, and produced and hosted a television show for channel one TV named “ It's a mad mad mad mad world\\\". His television show reached millions of Iranians worldwide through satellite and internet. Despite the risks attached to this journey, Diaan returned to his homeland after 24 years in the summer of 2000, to direct and produce the touching and informative documentary \\\"Iran is My Home\\\". This film\",\n \"title\": \"David Diaan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20311500\",\n \"text\": \"Seán Finn Seán Finn (born 24 January 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays as a right corner-back for club side Bruff and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team. Finn was born in Bruff, County Limerick. His father, Brian Finn, won a Munster Championship medal with the Limerick senior hurling team in 1994. During his studies at the University of Limerick, Finn was selected for the college's senior hurling team. On 24 February 2018, he won a Fitzgibbon Cup medal following UL's 2-21 to 2-15 defeat of Dublin City University in the final. Finn joined the Bruff\",\n \"title\": \"Seán Finn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8664850\",\n \"text\": \"The film follows Therese on her surreal descent into violence, in which men in her life become the Ten Tigers of Canton that she must kill in order to become a better woman. Victims of Therese's violent surreal madness include her meatpacking brother Thierry, naughty Pastor Dylan, and a Sri Lankan doctor. Mad Cowgirl Mad Cowgirl is a low-budget film by Gregory Hatanaka. Hatanaka dedicated the movie to Doris Wishman, who directed 1960s sexploitation films such as \\\"Diary of a Nudist\\\", \\\"Behind the Nudist Curtain\\\" and \\\"Bad Girls Go to Hell\\\", and actor John Cassavetes. \\\"Mad Cowgirl\\\" officially was selected\",\n \"title\": \"Mad Cowgirl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2526636\",\n \"text\": \"and media outlets reported that a sequel was in the works. Nia Vardalos later confirmed this via Twitter, and she also has written a script for the film. The first trailer for \\\"My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2\\\" was aired on NBC's \\\"The Today Show\\\" on November 11, 2015 and it was released on March 25, 2016, to mixed reviews from critics and modest box office success. My Big Fat Greek Wedding My Big Fat Greek Wedding is a 2002 romantic comedy film directed by Joel Zwick and written by Nia Vardalos, who also stars in the film as Fotoula\",\n \"title\": \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20292418\",\n \"text\": \"a further month on 6 December. Kyle Finn Kyle Finn (born 7 December 1998) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hereford on loan from Coventry City. Finn made his professional debut in a 3–1 EFL Cup loss to Blackburn Rovers on 8 August 2017. In August 2018, Kyle moved to Tamworth on a one-month loan deal. A month later, the initial loan was extended by a further four months. Later on in the year, Finn joined Hereford FC on an initial one month long loan deal, after he was recalled from his loan at Tamworth.\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle Finn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17855136\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Big Man Diary of a Big Man is a 1988 Hong Kong romantic comedy film directed by veteran producer and actor Chor Yuen, produced by Tsui Hark and starring Chow Yun-fat in the lead role. The film co-stars Sally Yeh, Joey Wong, Waise Lee, Carrie Ng and Kent Cheng as the police inspector. The film begins with a comedic narration done by the leading man whom, in a brief introduction calls himself Chow Ting-fat (Chow Yun-fat). He dreamed of becoming wealthy and successful, which also includes marrying beautiful ladies at once. The scene roles to the part\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Big Man\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1712023\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Mad Housewife Diary of a Mad Housewife is a 1970 American comedy-drama film about a frustrated wife portrayed by Carrie Snodgress. Snodgress was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won a Golden Globe award in the same category. The film was adapted by Eleanor Perry from the 1967 novel by Sue Kaufman and directed by Perry's then-husband, Frank Perry. The film co-stars Richard Benjamin and Frank Langella. Tina Balser, an educated, frustrated housewife and mother, is in a loveless marriage with Jonathan, an insufferable, controlling, emotionally abusive, social-climbing lawyer in New York City. He\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Housewife\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12525147\",\n \"text\": \"Diary of a Mad Dog Diary of a Mad Dog is the debut solo album by Cypress Hill rapper Sen Dog. It was released September 30, 2008 via indie label Suburban Noize Records. The record features guest appearances by the likes of Kottonmouth Kings, Young De, B-Real, Mellow Man Ace, Slip Matola, and J-Killa among others. According to the rapper, it is his most personal music creation to date. The albums touches various topics including his gang affiliations in his early life, and a mild heart attack, which he suffered during the making of the album. \\\"I've done the whole\",\n \"title\": \"Diary of a Mad Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20292417\",\n \"text\": \"Kyle Finn Kyle Finn (born 7 December 1998) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hereford on loan from Coventry City. Finn made his professional debut in a 3–1 EFL Cup loss to Blackburn Rovers on 8 August 2017. In August 2018, Kyle moved to Tamworth on a one-month loan deal. A month later, the initial loan was extended by a further four months. Later on in the year, Finn joined Hereford FC on an initial one month long loan deal, after he was recalled from his loan at Tamworth. This loan was extended again for\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle Finn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13938621\",\n \"text\": \"My Sister and I: The Diary of a Dutch Boy Refugee My Sister and I: The Diary of a Dutch Boy Refugee was first published in January 1941 in New York by Harcourt, Brace. It is the alleged diary of a 12-year-old Dutch boy, named Dirk Van Der Heide, who survives the bombing of Rotterdam, Holland and escapes aboard a ship with his younger sister. They stop in England on their way to America. This book was used for pro-British propaganda. This book follows the alleged diary of a 12-year-old boy named Dirk Van Der Heide as he recalled his\",\n \"title\": \"My Sister and I: The Diary of a Dutch Boy Refugee\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15044913\",\n \"text\": \"Lee Brooks, who recorded \\\"My Diary\\\" with Jimi Hendrix. Since the onset of digital recording technology in the 1980s, Russell's drums have been sampled by a number of Hip-Hop, Rap, and R&B artists including Jamie Foxx, Mariah Carey, LL Cool J, Big Daddy Kane, Public Enemy, The Notorious B.I.G., Fat Joe, De La Soul, Black Sheep, A Tribe Called Quest, and more. In 2001 Russell contributed liner note comments for legendary jazz/fusion drummer Billy Cobham's Rudiments-Anthology CD, and Russell was a featured artist in the June 2010 issue of \\\"Modern Drummer\\\" magazine. Most recently Russell's drumming was featured in an\",\n \"title\": \"Robin Russell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16844410\",\n \"text\": \"previously won a county junior championship medal with Dromina. Martin Finn (hurler) Martin Finn (born 1979) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a full-forward for the London senior hurling team. Finn began his inter-county career as a member of the Cork under-21 hurling team. After emigrating from Ireland he subsequently linked up with the New York and London senior hurling teams. As an inter-county hurler he has won one Christy Ring Cup winners' medal and one Nicky Rackard Cup winners' medal. Finn has ended up as an Ulster runner-up on one occasion. At club level Finn is a\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Finn (hurler)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16844409\",\n \"text\": \"Martin Finn (hurler) Martin Finn (born 1979) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a full-forward for the London senior hurling team. Finn began his inter-county career as a member of the Cork under-21 hurling team. After emigrating from Ireland he subsequently linked up with the New York and London senior hurling teams. As an inter-county hurler he has won one Christy Ring Cup winners' medal and one Nicky Rackard Cup winners' medal. Finn has ended up as an Ulster runner-up on one occasion. At club level Finn is a two-time county senior championship medalist with St. Gabriel's. He\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Finn (hurler)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3697225\",\n \"text\": \"soundtrack credits include \\\"\\\", \\\"Festival Express\\\", \\\"Jimi Plays Monterey\\\", \\\"Jimi Plays Berkeley\\\", \\\"Live at the Fillmore East\\\", \\\"Mad Dogs and Englishmen\\\", \\\"The Pursuit of Happiness\\\", \\\"Rainbow Bridge\\\", \\\"The Song Remains the Same\\\", and \\\"\\\". Kramer was interviewed extensively in \\\"Jimi Hendrix: Hear My Train a Comin\\\"', a two-hour American Masters documentary which debuted in November 2013. He is also a photographer who has exhibited a number of his intimate images of performers, particularly Hendrix, with whom he worked on \\\"Are You Experienced\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Electric Ladyland\\\", \\\"Band of Gypsys\\\", and \\\"The Cry of Love\\\", as well as the posthumous \\\"Valleys of\",\n \"title\": \"Eddie Kramer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6235134\",\n \"text\": \"Fat Lady Sings. Bernie Smirnoff went on to play for my eyes my eyes and now plays for Kingbathmat. The Vipers The Vipers were an Irish new wave group of the late 1970s. A live act fronted by Paul Boyle and virtuoso guitarist George Sweeney, they toured with The Clash and The Jam. Their debut single \\\"I've Got You\\\"/\\\"No Such Thing\\\" (Mulligan LUNS 718) was released in late 1978. This was heard by the BBC's John Peel who invited the band across the Irish Sea to do a session for his radio program, the Peel Sessions. A permanent move to\",\n \"title\": \"The Vipers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7703658\",\n \"text\": \"My Big Fat Greek Life My Big Fat Greek Life is an American sitcom that ran on CBS in 2003. The series is a continuation of the 2002 movie \\\"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\\\" and was produced by Sony Pictures Television and Tom Hanks's Playtone Productions for CBS. The two lead characters' names are changed, from Toula and Ian, to Nia and Thomas. Series star Nia Vardalos also oversaw the show as one of the co-executive producers, along with Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson, who made a guest appearance in one episode as Nia's cousin. The series, which is\",\n \"title\": \"My Big Fat Greek Life\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13536817\",\n \"text\": \"the emerald. He refuses, though, and gives her the emerald again, since he sees Finn as someone who needs protecting from crueler human beings who would've definitely taken advantage of her and her innocence. Finn eventually forgives him and has him be her prisoner again. After some chain of events, Finn gets a kirtle and with a cloak, disguises herself as Hugo's wife and, on the second night of the journey, they pay for a room at an inn and Finn is surprised that all her friends that work there do not recognize her a bit, partially because she is\",\n \"title\": \"Ransom My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11450254\",\n \"text\": \"A Stranger Came Ashore A Stranger Came Ashore is a 1975 young adult novel written by Scottish author Mollie Hunter. Set on the Shetland Islands in the north of Scotland, the plot revolves around a boy called Robbie Henderson, his family and a mysterious stranger named Finn Learson. One night on the island of Black Ness, the Hendersons are sitting at home in their but-and-benhouse. There is a heavy storm outside. Then a figure, who is fat and fugly, bursts through the door, soaking wet. He is tall, lean and handsome, and calls himself Finn Learson, and he claims to\",\n \"title\": \"A Stranger Came Ashore\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":76,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"77"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"which type of technology encapsulates fibre channel communications over tcp / ip"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["iSCSI"],"string":"[\n \"iSCSI\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"11793435","text":"meant to integrate with existing Fibre Channel networks and management software. Data centers used Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks (SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet, alongside traditional Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. FCoE operates directly above Ethernet in the network protocol stack, in contrast to iSCSI which runs on top of TCP and IP. As a consequence, FCoE is not routable at the IP layer, and will not work across routed IP networks. Since classical Ethernet had no priority-based flow control, unlike Fibre Channel, FCoE required enhancements to the","title":"Fibre Channel over Ethernet"},{"docid":"11793435","text":"meant to integrate with existing Fibre Channel networks and management software. Data centers used Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks (SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet, alongside traditional Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. FCoE operates directly above Ethernet in the network protocol stack, in contrast to iSCSI which runs on top of TCP and IP. As a consequence, FCoE is not routable at the IP layer, and will not work across routed IP networks. Since classical Ethernet had no priority-based flow control, unlike Fibre Channel, FCoE required enhancements to the","title":"Fibre Channel over Ethernet"},{"docid":"888446","text":"iSCSI RAID as a target, with the initiator being either an IP-enabled encoder or camera. Multiple systems exist that allow Fibre Channel, SCSI and SAS devices to be attached to an IP network for use via iSCSI. They can be used to allow migration from older storage technologies, access to SANs from remote servers and the linking of SANs over IP networks. An iSCSI gateway bridges IP servers to Fibre Channel SANs. The TCP connection is terminated at the gateway, which is implemented on a Fibre Channel switch or as a standalone appliance. ISCSI In computing, iSCSI ( ) is","title":"ISCSI"},{"docid":"14260517","text":"Interface (iSCSI) protocol uses TCP/IP as SCSI transport. By transporting SCSI packets over TCP/IP, iSCSI provides an interoperable solution which can take advantage of existing Internet infrastructure, Internet management facilities, and address distance limitations. Unlike traditional Fibre Channel, which requires special-purpose cabling, iSCSI can run on the existing network infrastructure. It has become a popular storage area network (SAN) protocol because of its scalability and economic benefits. The protocol is defined in RFC 3720 and updated in RFC 5048. With the moving of SCSI transport layer from the traditional reliable bus structure to the far more unreliable TCP/IP network, a","title":"ISCSI Conformance Testing and Testing Tool Requirement"},{"docid":"3899595","text":"Names (WWNs). Internet Storage Name Service In computing, the proposed Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) protocol allows automated discovery, management and configuration of iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices (using iFCP gateways) on a TCP/IP network. iSNS provides management services similar to those found in Fibre Channel networks, allowing a standard IP network to operate in much the same way that a Fibre Channel storage area network does. Because iSNS is able to emulate Fibre Channel fabric services and manage both iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices, an iSNS server can be used as a consolidated configuration point for an entire storage","title":"Internet Storage Name Service"},{"docid":"3899591","text":"Internet Storage Name Service In computing, the proposed Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) protocol allows automated discovery, management and configuration of iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices (using iFCP gateways) on a TCP/IP network. iSNS provides management services similar to those found in Fibre Channel networks, allowing a standard IP network to operate in much the same way that a Fibre Channel storage area network does. Because iSNS is able to emulate Fibre Channel fabric services and manage both iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices, an iSNS server can be used as a consolidated configuration point for an entire storage network. However,","title":"Internet Storage Name Service"},{"docid":"3477868","text":"relate to this type of TCP offload. HBA (Host Bus Adapter) full offload is found in iSCSI host adapters which present themselves as disk controllers to the host system while connecting (via TCP/IP) to an iSCSI storage device. This type of TCP offload not only offloads TCP/IP processing but it also offloads the iSCSI initiator function. Because the HBA appears to the host as a disk controller, it can only be used with iSCSI devices and is not appropriate for general TCP/IP offload. TCP chimney offload addresses the major security criticism of parallel-stack full offload. In partial offload, the main","title":"TCP offload engine"},{"docid":"11623119","text":"but instead licenses its technology to various other companies such as Netgear and Bell Microproducts. Like AoE, Z-SAN is intended to be a low-cost alternative to Fibre Channel and iSCSI. They do this by eliminating the need for the host adapter and TCP offload engine hardware, as well as use standard Ethernet switches instead of the more expensive Fibre Channel switches. While AoE is mostly supported on Linux, Z-SAN is supported on Microsoft Windows platforms. A Z-SAN can array many more disks than a standard RAID. The Zetera website claims that MIT has a Z-SAN array totaling 1.4 Petabytes of","title":"Z-SAN"},{"docid":"7464072","text":"unstable with network congestion. Since HyperSCSI was in direct competition with the older and well established Fibre Channel, and the standardized iSCSI, it was not adopted by commercial vendors. Some researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology noted the failure to provide any transport layer protocol, so implemented a reliability layer in 2007. Another version called HS/IP was developed over the Internet Protocol (IP). HyperSCSI HyperSCSI is an outdated computer network protocol for accessing storage by sending and receiving SCSI commands. It was developed by researchers at the Data Storage Institute in Singapore in 2000 to 2003. HyperSCSI is","title":"HyperSCSI"},{"docid":"888426","text":"doing this, iSCSI takes a popular high-performance local storage bus and emulates it over a wide range of networks, creating a storage area network (SAN). Unlike some SAN protocols, iSCSI requires no dedicated cabling; it can be run over existing IP infrastructure. As a result, iSCSI is often seen as a low-cost alternative to Fibre Channel, which requires dedicated infrastructure except in its FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) form. However, the performance of an iSCSI SAN deployment can be severely degraded if not operated on a dedicated network or subnet (LAN or VLAN), due to competition for a fixed amount","title":"ISCSI"},{"docid":"888425","text":"on remote servers. It is a storage area network (SAN) protocol, allowing organizations to consolidate storage into storage arrays while providing clients (such as database and web servers) with the illusion of locally attached SCSI disks. It mainly competes with Fibre Channel, but unlike traditional Fibre Channel which usually requires dedicated cabling, iSCSI can be run over long distances using existing network infrastructure. iSCSI was pioneered by IBM and Cisco in 1998 and submitted as a draft standard in March 2000. In essence, iSCSI allows two hosts to negotiate and then exchange SCSI commands using Internet Protocol (IP) networks. By","title":"ISCSI"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793435\",\n \"text\": \"meant to integrate with existing Fibre Channel networks and management software. Data centers used Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks (SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet, alongside traditional Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. FCoE operates directly above Ethernet in the network protocol stack, in contrast to iSCSI which runs on top of TCP and IP. As a consequence, FCoE is not routable at the IP layer, and will not work across routed IP networks. Since classical Ethernet had no priority-based flow control, unlike Fibre Channel, FCoE required enhancements to the\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel over Ethernet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793435\",\n \"text\": \"meant to integrate with existing Fibre Channel networks and management software. Data centers used Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks (SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet, alongside traditional Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. FCoE operates directly above Ethernet in the network protocol stack, in contrast to iSCSI which runs on top of TCP and IP. As a consequence, FCoE is not routable at the IP layer, and will not work across routed IP networks. Since classical Ethernet had no priority-based flow control, unlike Fibre Channel, FCoE required enhancements to the\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel over Ethernet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"888446\",\n \"text\": \"iSCSI RAID as a target, with the initiator being either an IP-enabled encoder or camera. Multiple systems exist that allow Fibre Channel, SCSI and SAS devices to be attached to an IP network for use via iSCSI. They can be used to allow migration from older storage technologies, access to SANs from remote servers and the linking of SANs over IP networks. An iSCSI gateway bridges IP servers to Fibre Channel SANs. The TCP connection is terminated at the gateway, which is implemented on a Fibre Channel switch or as a standalone appliance. ISCSI In computing, iSCSI ( ) is\",\n \"title\": \"ISCSI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14260517\",\n \"text\": \"Interface (iSCSI) protocol uses TCP/IP as SCSI transport. By transporting SCSI packets over TCP/IP, iSCSI provides an interoperable solution which can take advantage of existing Internet infrastructure, Internet management facilities, and address distance limitations. Unlike traditional Fibre Channel, which requires special-purpose cabling, iSCSI can run on the existing network infrastructure. It has become a popular storage area network (SAN) protocol because of its scalability and economic benefits. The protocol is defined in RFC 3720 and updated in RFC 5048. With the moving of SCSI transport layer from the traditional reliable bus structure to the far more unreliable TCP/IP network, a\",\n \"title\": \"ISCSI Conformance Testing and Testing Tool Requirement\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3899595\",\n \"text\": \"Names (WWNs). Internet Storage Name Service In computing, the proposed Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) protocol allows automated discovery, management and configuration of iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices (using iFCP gateways) on a TCP/IP network. iSNS provides management services similar to those found in Fibre Channel networks, allowing a standard IP network to operate in much the same way that a Fibre Channel storage area network does. Because iSNS is able to emulate Fibre Channel fabric services and manage both iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices, an iSNS server can be used as a consolidated configuration point for an entire storage\",\n \"title\": \"Internet Storage Name Service\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3899591\",\n \"text\": \"Internet Storage Name Service In computing, the proposed Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) protocol allows automated discovery, management and configuration of iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices (using iFCP gateways) on a TCP/IP network. iSNS provides management services similar to those found in Fibre Channel networks, allowing a standard IP network to operate in much the same way that a Fibre Channel storage area network does. Because iSNS is able to emulate Fibre Channel fabric services and manage both iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices, an iSNS server can be used as a consolidated configuration point for an entire storage network. However,\",\n \"title\": \"Internet Storage Name Service\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3477868\",\n \"text\": \"relate to this type of TCP offload. HBA (Host Bus Adapter) full offload is found in iSCSI host adapters which present themselves as disk controllers to the host system while connecting (via TCP/IP) to an iSCSI storage device. This type of TCP offload not only offloads TCP/IP processing but it also offloads the iSCSI initiator function. Because the HBA appears to the host as a disk controller, it can only be used with iSCSI devices and is not appropriate for general TCP/IP offload. TCP chimney offload addresses the major security criticism of parallel-stack full offload. In partial offload, the main\",\n \"title\": \"TCP offload engine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11623119\",\n \"text\": \"but instead licenses its technology to various other companies such as Netgear and Bell Microproducts. Like AoE, Z-SAN is intended to be a low-cost alternative to Fibre Channel and iSCSI. They do this by eliminating the need for the host adapter and TCP offload engine hardware, as well as use standard Ethernet switches instead of the more expensive Fibre Channel switches. While AoE is mostly supported on Linux, Z-SAN is supported on Microsoft Windows platforms. A Z-SAN can array many more disks than a standard RAID. The Zetera website claims that MIT has a Z-SAN array totaling 1.4 Petabytes of\",\n \"title\": \"Z-SAN\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7464072\",\n \"text\": \"unstable with network congestion. Since HyperSCSI was in direct competition with the older and well established Fibre Channel, and the standardized iSCSI, it was not adopted by commercial vendors. Some researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology noted the failure to provide any transport layer protocol, so implemented a reliability layer in 2007. Another version called HS/IP was developed over the Internet Protocol (IP). HyperSCSI HyperSCSI is an outdated computer network protocol for accessing storage by sending and receiving SCSI commands. It was developed by researchers at the Data Storage Institute in Singapore in 2000 to 2003. HyperSCSI is\",\n \"title\": \"HyperSCSI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"888426\",\n \"text\": \"doing this, iSCSI takes a popular high-performance local storage bus and emulates it over a wide range of networks, creating a storage area network (SAN). Unlike some SAN protocols, iSCSI requires no dedicated cabling; it can be run over existing IP infrastructure. As a result, iSCSI is often seen as a low-cost alternative to Fibre Channel, which requires dedicated infrastructure except in its FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) form. However, the performance of an iSCSI SAN deployment can be severely degraded if not operated on a dedicated network or subnet (LAN or VLAN), due to competition for a fixed amount\",\n \"title\": \"ISCSI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"888425\",\n \"text\": \"on remote servers. It is a storage area network (SAN) protocol, allowing organizations to consolidate storage into storage arrays while providing clients (such as database and web servers) with the illusion of locally attached SCSI disks. It mainly competes with Fibre Channel, but unlike traditional Fibre Channel which usually requires dedicated cabling, iSCSI can be run over long distances using existing network infrastructure. iSCSI was pioneered by IBM and Cisco in 1998 and submitted as a draft standard in March 2000. In essence, iSCSI allows two hosts to negotiate and then exchange SCSI commands using Internet Protocol (IP) networks. By\",\n \"title\": \"ISCSI\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"15354237","text":"of the IP Network. A competing technology to FCIP is known as iFCP. It uses routing instead of tunneling to enable connectivity of Fibre Channel networks over IP. Fibre Channel over IP Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP or FC/IP, also known as Fibre Channel tunneling or storage tunneling) is an Internet Protocol (IP) created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for storage technology. An FCIP entity functions to encapsulate Fibre Channel frames and forward them over an IP network. FCIP entities are peers that communicate using TCP/IP. FCIP technology overcomes the distance limitations of native Fibre Channel, enabling geographically","title":"Fibre Channel over IP"},{"docid":"6966953","text":"Control Protocol). The primary objective of iFCP is to allow existing Fibre Channel devices to be networked and interconnected over an IP based network at wire speeds. The method of address translation defined and the protocol permit Fibre Channel storage devices and host adapters to be attached to an IP-based fabric using transparent gateways. The iFCP protocol layer's main function is to transport Fibre Channel frame images between Fibre Channel ports attached both locally and remotely. iFCP encapsulates and routes the fibre channel frames that make up each Fibre Channel information unit via a predetermined TCP connection for transport across","title":"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol"},{"docid":"15354236","text":"Fibre Channel over IP Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP or FC/IP, also known as Fibre Channel tunneling or storage tunneling) is an Internet Protocol (IP) created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for storage technology. An FCIP entity functions to encapsulate Fibre Channel frames and forward them over an IP network. FCIP entities are peers that communicate using TCP/IP. FCIP technology overcomes the distance limitations of native Fibre Channel, enabling geographically distributed storage area networks to be connected using existing IP infrastructure, while keeping fabric services intact. The Fibre Channel Fabric and its devices remain unaware of the presence","title":"Fibre Channel over IP"},{"docid":"6966952","text":"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) is a gateway-to-gateway network protocol standard that provides Fibre Channel fabric functionality to Fibre Channel devices over an IP network. It is officially ratified by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Its most common forms are in 1 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s. The iFCP protocol enables the implementation of Fibre Channel functionality over an IP network, within which the Fibre Channel switching and routing infrastructure is replaced by IP components and technology. Congestion control, error detection and recovery are provided through the use of TCP (Transmission","title":"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol"},{"docid":"11793441","text":"portfolio of Dell, introduced the S5000 series which can be a fully native FCoE switch with the option to include a native fibre channel module, allowing you to connect the S5000 directly to an FC SAN environment. Fibre Channel over Ethernet Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is a computer network technology that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. The specification was part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards T11 FC-BB-5 standard published in 2009. FCoE transports Fibre Channel","title":"Fibre Channel over Ethernet"},{"docid":"11793434","text":"Fibre Channel over Ethernet Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is a computer network technology that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. The specification was part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards T11 FC-BB-5 standard published in 2009. FCoE transports Fibre Channel directly over Ethernet while being independent of the Ethernet forwarding scheme. The FCoE protocol specification replaces the FC0 and FC1 layers of the Fibre Channel stack with Ethernet. By retaining the native Fibre Channel constructs, FCoE was","title":"Fibre Channel over Ethernet"},{"docid":"6966954","text":"the IP network when transporting frames to a remote Fibre Channel port. Internet Fibre Channel Protocol Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) is a gateway-to-gateway network protocol standard that provides Fibre Channel fabric functionality to Fibre Channel devices over an IP network. It is officially ratified by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Its most common forms are in 1 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s. The iFCP protocol enables the implementation of Fibre Channel functionality over an IP network, within which the Fibre Channel switching and routing infrastructure is replaced by IP components and technology. Congestion control,","title":"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol"},{"docid":"5882691","text":"bytes in size may be accommodated. ARP packet transmission works in the same fashion. Each IP datagram exchange is unidirectional, although IP and TCP allow for bidirectional communication within their protocols. IPFC is an application protocol that is typically implemented as a device driver in an operating system. IP over FC plays a less important role in storage area networking than SCSI over Fibre Channel or IP over Ethernet. IPFC has been used, for example, to provide clock synchronization via the Network Time Protocol (NTP). IPFC IPFC stands for Internet Protocol over Fibre Channel. It governs a set of standards","title":"IPFC"},{"docid":"6059875","text":"I-Cable Communications I-Cable Communications Limited (; ; ) is an internet Service Provider in Hong Kong currently owned by Forever Top (Asia) Limited, which acquired the company from The Wharf Group in 2017. In 1999, the company began to develop advanced applications for its fibre coaxial network (already used for the paid-TV service) and to capitalise on the rapidly growing number of Internet users in Hong Kong. It provides The broadband internet access service deploying cable modem based technology via the TCP/IP which is differed from the PPPoE technology provided by conventional carrier. I-Cable Communications also owns Hong Kong Cable","title":"I-Cable Communications"},{"docid":"6059876","text":"Television, a cable television provider, and Fantastic Television, a free-to-air television broadcaster. I-Cable Communications I-Cable Communications Limited (; ; ) is an internet Service Provider in Hong Kong currently owned by Forever Top (Asia) Limited, which acquired the company from The Wharf Group in 2017. In 1999, the company began to develop advanced applications for its fibre coaxial network (already used for the paid-TV service) and to capitalise on the rapidly growing number of Internet users in Hong Kong. It provides The broadband internet access service deploying cable modem based technology via the TCP/IP which is differed from the PPPoE","title":"I-Cable Communications"},{"docid":"5538067","text":"pay Brocade $5 million in cash and issue a $70 million unsecured convertible promissory note payable to Brocade. Brocade Communications Systems Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. is an American technology company specializing in data and storage networking products, now a subsidiary of Broadcom Inc. Originally known for its Fibre Channel storage networks, the company expanded include a wide range of products marketed as third platform technologies. Offerings included routers and network switches for data center, campus and carrier environments, IP and Fibre Channel storage network fabrics; Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) markets such as a commercial edition of","title":"Brocade Communications Systems"},{"docid":"5538042","text":"Brocade Communications Systems Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. is an American technology company specializing in data and storage networking products, now a subsidiary of Broadcom Inc. Originally known for its Fibre Channel storage networks, the company expanded include a wide range of products marketed as third platform technologies. Offerings included routers and network switches for data center, campus and carrier environments, IP and Fibre Channel storage network fabrics; Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) markets such as a commercial edition of the OpenDaylight Project controller; and network management software that spans physical and virtual devices. On November 2, 2016,","title":"Brocade Communications Systems"},{"docid":"11209445","text":"it was indifferent to the protocols used - and allowed connection of Macintosh machines using LocalTalk, TCP/IP, or other protocols assuming it was supported by programs. Eventually as Ethernet over twisted pair emerged as the dominate method for connecting computers, all Macs adopted the now familiar modular 8 pin modular jack as standard. Fibre Channel adapters are also available for the Mac Pro and the discontinued Xserve, generally for connection to large storage subsystems and/or high bandwidth multimedia applications. Apple introduced 802.11 wireless networking to the Mac in 1999, with AirPort technology built into the iBook. Three years later, it","title":"Macintosh hardware"},{"docid":"849616","text":"(such as a Token Ring interface on the 3745, a 3172 Lan Channel Station, or a Cisco ESCON-compatible Channel Interface Processor). The proprietary networking architecture for Honeywell Bull mainframes is Distributed Systems Architecture (DSA). Communications package for DSA is VIP. Like SNA, DSA is also no longer supported for client access. Bull mainframes are fitted with Mainway for translating DSA to TCP/IP and VIP devices are replaced by TNVIP Terminal Emulations (GLink, Winsurf). GCOS 8 supports TNVIP SE over TCP/IP. Other architectures are Unisys – formerly Univac – Distributed Computing Architecture (DCA) and – formerly Burroughs – Burroughs Network Architecture","title":"IBM Systems Network Architecture"},{"docid":"413965","text":"software layer (Internet Layer). The Internet Layer encapsulates each TCP segment into an IP packet by adding a header that includes (among other data) the destination IP address. When the client program on the destination computer receives them, the TCP layer (Transport Layer) re-assembles the individual segments and ensures they are correctly ordered and error-free as it streams them to an application. Transmission Control Protocol accepts data from a data stream, divides it into chunks, and adds a TCP header creating a TCP segment. The TCP segment is then encapsulated into an Internet Protocol (IP) datagram, and exchanged with peers.","title":"Transmission Control Protocol"},{"docid":"8851189","text":"does not preclude the use of unidirectional networks in transferring protocols like TCP/IP, which require communications (including acknowledgments) between sender and receiver. By employing TCP/IP client-server proxies prior to, and after, one-way transfer, data transported as TCP packet flows can gain the security value of unidirectional transfer. The idea of unidirectional networks have been around since the 1960s. This was developed further in the 1990s by Australia's Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) on the data diode and the Interactive Link. The simplest form of a unidirectional network is a simple, modified, fiber-optic network link, with send and receive transceivers","title":"Unidirectional network"},{"docid":"2728925","text":"Research and Educational Networking (CREN). By 1991, the success of the NSFNET and NSF-sponsored regional networks had rendered the CSNET services redundant, and the CSNET network was shut down in October 1991. The CSNET project had three primary components: an email relaying service (Delaware and RAND), a name service (Wisconsin), and TCP/IP-over-X.25 tunnelling technology (Purdue). Initial access was with email relaying, through gateways at Delaware and RAND, over dial-up telephone or X.29/X.25 terminal emulation. Eventually CSNET access added TCP/IP, including running over X.25. The email relaying service was called Phonenet, after the telephone-specific channel of the MMDF software developed by","title":"CSNET"},{"docid":"1665481","text":"GB of RAM. With Service Pack 2 installed, the x64 versions support up to 1 TB while the IA-64 versions support up to 2 TB of RAM. Windows Server 2003 Datacenter also allows limiting processor and memory usage on a per-application basis. This edition has better support for storage area networks (SANs): It features a service which uses Windows sockets to emulate TCP/IP communication over native SAN service providers, thereby allowing a SAN to be accessed over any TCP/IP channel. With this, any application that can communicate over TCP/IP can use a SAN, without any modification to the application. The","title":"Windows Server 2003"},{"docid":"1277939","text":"in the industry to invest in such a far-reaching technology jump. Ethernet over InfiniBand, abbreviated to EoIB, is an Ethernet implementation over the InfiniBand protocol and connector technology. EoIB enables multiple Ethernet bandwidths varying on the InfiniBand (IB) version. Ethernet's implementation of The Internet Protocol Suite, usually referred to as TCP/IP, is different to some of the implementations used on top of the InfiniBand protocol in IP over IB (IPoIB). InfiniBand InfiniBand (abbreviated IB) is a computer-networking communications standard used in high-performance computing that features very high throughput and very low latency. It is used for data interconnect both among","title":"InfiniBand"},{"docid":"16412584","text":"banner. The LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN tied a PC to a central site. They featured dial-on-demand support and was able to connect to remote Cisco ISDN routers. The cards were only able to transmit data over a single ISDN B channel (i.e. 64 kbit/s). An ODI driver was included that allowed TCP/IP and IPX connections. An automated install setup program was included. Supported technology A enterprise endpoint was also available. This was essentially a software router that could be run from a communications server. Pricing (circa 1995) US $2,610 Original list pricing circa 1995 'Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for","title":"Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN"},{"docid":"9025830","text":"carriers no longer had to purchase two boxes (e.g. an ADM and a router) just to move TCP/IP packets around its telecom network. Other advantages of the Cerent 454 included: smaller form factor, higher port density, greater chip integration, and lower power consumption than competitors at the time. The unit also was the one of the first network element to utilize TCP/IP and a web server on its management interface (The first TCP/IP management network was Ditech Communications in its DWDM system, marketed in 1996) meaning it could be managed over a standard TCP/IP network as opposed to a more","title":"Cerent Corporation"},{"docid":"15421895","text":"remote devices, contrary to NVMe where devices connected directly to PCIe bus (or over PCIe switch to PCIe bus). There are few types of NVMeOF depending on underlying transport protocol, FC-NVMe one of examples. In September 2014, a standard for using NVMe over Fibre Channel (FC) was proposed this combination often referred as FC-NVMe (or sometimes NVMe/FC). NVM Express over Fabrics (NVMeOF) is a communication protocol that allows one computer to access block-level storage devices attached to another computer via remote direct memory access over number of transport protocols like FC, TCP/IP or InfiniBand. The standard for this protocol was","title":"NVM Express"},{"docid":"5882690","text":"IPFC IPFC stands for Internet Protocol over Fibre Channel. It governs a set of standards created in January 2006 for address resolution (ARP) and transmitting IPv4 and IPv6 network packets over a Fibre Channel (FC) network. IPFC makes up part of the FC-4 protocol-mapping layer of a Fibre Channel system. In IPFC, each IP datagram packet is wrapped into a FC frame, with its own header, and transmitted as a sequence of one or more frames. The receiver at the other end received the frames, strips the FC headers and reassembles the IP packet. IP datagrams of up to 65,280","title":"IPFC"},{"docid":"206771","text":"in the first TCP specification. A significant technical influence was the early networking work at Xerox PARC, which produced the PARC Universal Packet protocol suite, much of which existed around that time. DARPA then contracted with BBN Technologies, Stanford University, and the University College London to develop operational versions of the protocol on different hardware platforms. Four versions were developed: TCP v1, TCP v2, TCP v3 and IP v3, and TCP/IP v4. The last protocol is still in use today. In 1975, a two-network TCP/IP communications test was performed between Stanford and University College London (UCL). In November, 1977, a","title":"Internet protocol suite"},{"docid":"11469782","text":"TCP hole punching TCP NAT traversal and TCP hole punching (sometimes NAT punch-through) occurs when two hosts behind a network address translation (NAT) are trying to connect to each other with outbound TCP connections. Such a scenario is particularly important in the case of peer-to-peer communications, such as Voice-over-IP (VoIP), file sharing, teleconferencing, chat systems and similar applications. TCP hole punching is a commonly used NAT traversal technique for establishing a TCP connection between two peers behind a NAT device in an Internet computer network. \"NAT traversal\" is a general term for techniques that establish and maintain TCP/IP network and/or","title":"TCP hole punching"},{"docid":"4882511","text":"emulation, a program-to-program API, and enabling DECnet to be tunneled over an SNA LU6.2 network. In 1990, Interlink acquired a product called \"ACCES/MVS\" from Advanced Computer Communications, which implemented a native TCP/IP protocol stack on the MVS and VM operating systems and within CICS regions. First released in 1986, ACCES/MVS had been the first commercial TCP/IP implementation for MVS mainframes. Interlink developed and marketed this product as \"SNS/TCPaccess\". The prefix was later dropped, and TCPaccess became the company's main focus of development by the mid-1990s. Meanwhile, in 1989, IBM had introduced its own TCP/IP offering on MVS. This product had","title":"Interlink Computer Sciences"},{"docid":"13485236","text":"modes such as radioteletype (RTTY) which previously required cumbersome mechanical equipment. Hams led the development of packet radio in the 1970s, which has employed protocols such as AX.25 and TCP/IP. Specialized digital modes such as PSK31 allow real-time, low-power communications on the shortwave bands. EchoLink using Voice over IP technology has enabled amateurs to communicate through local Internet-connected repeaters and radio nodes, while IRLP has allowed the linking of repeaters to provide greater coverage area. Automatic link establishment (ALE) has enabled continuous amateur radio networks to operate on the high frequency bands with global coverage. Other modes, such as FSK441","title":"Amateur radio"},{"docid":"12956087","text":"Development Program (UNDP), involving eight premier institutions as participating agencies—NCST (National Centre for Software Technology) Bombay, IISc (Indian Institute of Science) Bangalore, five IITs (Indian Institutes of Technology) at Delhi, Bombay, Kanpur, Kharagpur and Madras, and the DoE, New Delhi. ERNET began as a multi protocol network with both the TCP/IP and the OSI-IP protocol stacks running over the leased-line portion of the backbone. Since 1995, however, almost all traffic is carried over TCP/IP. ERNET backbone is a sophisticated link of terrestrial and satellite-based wide area networks. The satellite WAN, using VSAT technology. The VSAT network acts as an overlay","title":"ERNET"},{"docid":"4988520","text":"TCP/IP stack fingerprinting TCP/IP stack fingerprinting is the passive collection of configuration attributes from a remote device during standard layer 4 network communications. The combination of parameters may then be used to infer the remote machine's operating system (aka, OS fingerprinting), or incorporated into a device fingerprint. Certain parameters within the TCP protocol definition are left up to the implementation. Different operating systems, and different versions of the same operating system, set different defaults for these values. By collecting and examining these values, one may differentiate among various operating systems, and implementations of TCP/IP. The TCP/IP fields that may vary","title":"TCP/IP stack fingerprinting"},{"docid":"6598879","text":"Karlsson and Keith Bloodworth in Lund, Sweden. The company developed and sold protocol converters and printer interfaces for the connection of PC printers in IBM mainframe and mini-computer environments. By the end of the 1980s, Axis Communications had opened its first U.S. sales office in Boston, Massachusetts and in the early 1990s started shifting its focus away from IBM mainframes towards networking and the TCP/IP protocol. In 1991, Axis Communications introduced a multi-protocol print server supporting both TCP/IP and NetWare. In 1995, the company introduced a file server independent, multi-protocol CD-ROM server, supporting TCP/IP (NFS) and Windows (SMB), for Ethernet","title":"Axis Communications"},{"docid":"13680512","text":"the skills and knowledge to perform basic systems scans with Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), introduced in 1988, is the most widely used network management tool that provides management capability for TCP/IP-based networks. Then we include Voice over IP (VOIP) with Call Manager Express (CME) to give them an updated understanding of communications over the network they just set up and verified connectivity. Provides an introduction to RETINA and HERCULES, scanning network vulnerabilities for the student to better understand his role in network management. These scanners can look for security vulnerabilities within the system configuration policy on our CPUs. When","title":"Information technology specialist (military)"},{"docid":"3512696","text":"software package also provides TCP/IP functions. VTAM supports several network protocols, including SDLC, Token Ring, start-stop, Bisync, local (channel attached) 3270 devices, and later TCP/IP. In a VTAM network, communication took place through an integrated communication adapter in the mainframe itself, or by a separate programmable front-end processor, the IBM 3745/3746 Communications Processor, with its own operating system, the Network Control Program NCP. These machines are no longer actively marketed by IBM, but are still supported. IBM provides hardware maintenance and microcode updates for the estimated 20,000 installed 3745/3746 controllers. A robust third party industry of smaller 3745/3746 specialty companies","title":"Virtual Telecommunications Access Method"},{"docid":"8863836","text":"of device, system, or network management monitoring and control; or by remote control; through a communication channel. In the data center environment, remote control power cycling can usually be done through a power distribution unit, over TCP/IP. In the home environment, this can be done through home automation powerline communications or IP protocols. Most Internet Service Providers publish a \"how-to\" on their website showing their customers the correct procedure to power cycle their devices. Power cycling is a standard diagnostic procedure usually performed first when the computer freezes. However, frequently power cycling a computer can cause thermal stress. Reset has","title":"Power cycling"},{"docid":"10126918","text":"are low cost and not enabled for TCP/IP. They are installed with dedicated communications wiring. Larger DDC controllers provide network communications for these dedicated controllers. There are many well established binary protocols (BACnet, LonTalk, Modbus, DALI) that are used on these dedicated networks in addition to numerous proprietary protocols. While these binary protocols can be used over TCP/IP networks - they have challenges with routers, firewalls, security, and compatibility with other network applications. There is an added challenge in that the industry is split between several largely incompatible protocols. Because oBIX integrates with the enterprise, it enables mechanical and electrical","title":"OBIX"},{"docid":"3841481","text":"communicate with the outside world either through: This relies on a \"channel\". Each queue manager uses one or more channels to send and receive data to other queue managers. A channel is uni-directional; a second channel is required to return data. In a TCP/IP based network, a channel sends or receives data on a specific port. Channel types: When a receiving channel receives a message, it is examined to see which queue manager and queue it is destined for. In the event of a communications failure, MQ can automatically re-establish a connection when the problem is resolved. The \"listener\" is","title":"IBM MQ"},{"docid":"449233","text":"activities and operations that can be coordinated with the DLM are completely arbitrary. OpenVMS V8.4 offers advances in clustering technology, including the use of industry-standard TCP/IP networking to bring efficiencies to cluster interconnect technology. Cluster over TCP/IP is supported in OpenVMS version 8.4, which was released in 2010. With the supported capability of rolling upgrades and multiple system disks, cluster configurations can be maintained on-line and upgraded incrementally. This allows cluster configurations to continue to provide application and data access while a subset of the member nodes are upgraded to newer software versions. OpenVMS has a very feature-rich file system,","title":"OpenVMS"},{"docid":"1471214","text":"Application layer An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communications protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking: the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different. In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications across an Internet Protocol (IP) computer network. The application layer only standardizes communication and depends","title":"Application layer"},{"docid":"13624748","text":"CPComm and the Exec jointly handle authentication of connection requests and authorization for users and terminals to connect to time-sharing, and the various transaction application groups. SSL is supported for every connection. CPComm has software implementations of the encryption algorithms required for SSL. CPComm includes the protocols and connections to time-sharing and transaction message queues. One of the most heavily used legacy protocols is INT1 which is a TCP/IP variant of the UNISCOPE/UTS green-screen terminal protocol. TCP/IP v4 and TCP/IP v6 along with SNMP v1 and v3 are supported by CPComm. The Message Control Bank (MCB) is a protected subsystem","title":"Unisys OS 2200 communications"},{"docid":"6578345","text":"on that platform. Each set of equipment will require power and appropriate allowance for cooling. The components of the Link 22 architecture have to be inter-connected via appropriate cabling and communications devices. The DLP-to-SNC interface and the SNC-to-LLC interface both use Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). If TCP/IP is communicating within a processor, no cabling is required for the interface, which would be the case if the DLP and SNC were running on the same processor. When on separate equipment or processors, TCP/IP can use many types of network interfaces. The LLC interface uses Ethernet and so the","title":"Link 22"},{"docid":"1681112","text":"Winsock In computing, the Windows Sockets API (WSA), later shortened to Winsock, is a technical specification that defines how Windows network software should access network services, especially TCP/IP. It defines a standard interface between a Windows TCP/IP client application (such as an FTP client or a web browser) and the underlying TCP/IP protocol stack. The nomenclature is based on the Berkeley sockets API model used in BSD for communications between programs. Early Microsoft operating systems, both MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, offered limited networking capability, chiefly based on NetBIOS. In particular, Microsoft did not offer support for the TCP/IP protocol stack","title":"Winsock"},{"docid":"5317984","text":"Circuit-level gateway A circuit-level gateway is a type of firewall. Circuit-level gateways work at the session layer of the OSI model, or as a \"shim-layer\" between the application layer and the transport layer of the TCP/IP stack. They monitor TCP handshaking between packets to determine whether a requested session is legitimate. Information passed to a remote computer through a circuit-level gateway appears to have originated from the gateway. Circuit-level firewall applications represent the technology of next to first generation. Firewall technology supervises TCP handshaking among packets to confirm a session is genuine. Firewall traffic is cleaned based on particular session","title":"Circuit-level gateway"},{"docid":"1298247","text":"the transport layers of the Internet protocol suite, the OSI protocol suite, NetWare's IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and Fibre Channel. ISO/IEC 8073/ITU-T Recommendation X.224, \"Information Technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Protocol for providing the connection-mode transport service\", defines five classes of connection-mode transport protocols designated class 0 (TP0) to class 4 (TP4). Class 0 contains no error recovery, and was designed for use on network layers that provide error-free connections. Class 4 is closest to TCP, although TCP contains functions, such as the graceful close, which OSI assigns to the session layer. All OSI connection-mode protocol classes provide expedited data and","title":"Transport layer"},{"docid":"1507840","text":"dialog box. There may also be connection-specific suffixes which can be viewed or changed on the DNS tab in Control Panel → Network → TCP/IP → Advanced Properties. Host names are used by applications such as telnet, ftp, web browsers, etc. To connect to a computer running the TCP/IP protocol using its name, the host name must be resolved into an IP address, typically by a DNS server. The node type of a networked computer relates to the way it resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses. There are four node types. The node type in use is displayed by opening","title":"NetBIOS"},{"docid":"8599315","text":"completing a fax call towards the IP network. The typical scenario where T.38 is used is - T.38 Fax relay - where a T.30 fax device sends a fax over PSTN to a T.38 Fax gateway which converts or encapsulates the T.30 protocol into T.38 data stream. This is then sent either to a T.38 enabled end point such as fax machine or fax server or another T.38 Gateway that converts it back to PSTN PCM or analog signal and terminates the fax on a T.30 device. The T.38 recommendation defines the use of both TCP and UDP to transport","title":"T.38"},{"docid":"2492369","text":"TCP/IP, with the IPX protocol having similarities to IP, and SPX having similarities to TCP. IPX/SPX was primarily designed for local area networks (LANs), and is a very efficient protocol for this purpose (typically SPX's performance exceeds that of TCP on a small LAN, as in place of congestion windows and confirmatory acknowledgements, SPX uses simple NAKs). TCP/IP has, however, become the \"de facto\" standard protocol. This is in part due to its superior performance over wide area networks and the Internet (which uses TCP/IP exclusively), and also because TCP/IP is a more mature protocol, designed specifically with this purpose","title":"IPX/SPX"},{"docid":"6922501","text":"for TCP/IP stack fingerprinting, which forms the underlying technology of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, also known as TCP/IP. Her specific role within the research team was to help with the initial tests of the TCP. She also investigated Ethernet technology, which connected computers in the local area together. After Stanford, she worked at a startup semiconductor company called Zilog Corporation that had separated from Intel, where she contributed to the design of the Z8 and Z8000 microprocessors. She led the team that developed one of the first commercial local area network systems called Z-net. At Zilog, Estrin decided to","title":"Judith Estrin"},{"docid":"9452850","text":"2 can encrypt and digitally sign message data, request signed receipts and also offers high levels of data compression. All of these services are available when using OFTP 2 over TCP/IP, X.25/ISDN or native X.25. When used over a TCP/IP network such as the Internet, additional session level security is available by using OFTP 2 over TLS (Transport Layer Security). OFTP The Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) is a protocol created in 1986, used for EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) between two communications business partners. Its name comes from the Odette Organisation (the Organization for data exchange by teletransmission in Europe).","title":"OFTP"},{"docid":"2988919","text":"done as follows: MSS is sometimes mistaken for PMTU. MSS is a concept used by TCP in the Transport layer and it specifies the largest amount of data that a computer or communications device can \"receive\" in a single TCP segment. While PMTU is used by the IP layer and it specifies the largest packet size that can be \"sent\" over this path without suffering fragmentation. Maximum segment size The maximum segment size (MSS) is a parameter of the \"options\" field of the TCP header that specifies the largest amount of data, specified in bytes, that a computer or communications","title":"Maximum segment size"},{"docid":"15045360","text":"Bridging Systems Interface Bridging Systems Interface is a standard protocol for communicating with physical interfaces which attach analog or digital voice radios to digital data networks—known as 'Radio over IP'--to make easier the use of remote radios by local users, and the sharing of radios by multiple users, in the service of improving emergency communications interoperability. The standard is promulgated by the SAFECOM program in the US Department of Homeland Security's Office for Interoperability and Compatibility, specifically, the VoIP Working Group . The working group has broken down the problem of moving public safety communications audio over data (usually TCP/IP)","title":"Bridging Systems Interface"},{"docid":"970680","text":"MGCP. An SCCP client uses TCP/IP to communicate with one or more Call Manager applications in a cluster. It uses the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) over UDP-transport for the bearer traffic (real-time audio stream) with other Skinny clients or an H.323 terminal. SCCP is a stimulus-based protocol and is designed as a communications protocol for hardware endpoints and other embedded systems, with significant CPU and memory constraints. Some Cisco analog media gateways, such as the VG248 gateway, register and communicate with Cisco Unified Communications Manager using SCCP. Cisco acquired SCCP technology when it acquired Selsius Corporation in 1998. For this","title":"Skinny Call Control Protocol"},{"docid":"2988916","text":"Maximum segment size The maximum segment size (MSS) is a parameter of the \"options\" field of the TCP header that specifies the largest amount of data, specified in bytes, that a computer or communications device can receive in a single TCP segment. It does not count the TCP header or the IP header (unlike, for example, the MTU for IP datagrams). The IP datagram containing a TCP segment may be self-contained within a single packet, or it may be reconstructed from several fragmented pieces; either way, the MSS limit applies to the total amount of data contained in the final,","title":"Maximum segment size"},{"docid":"1491738","text":"the bandwidth (capacity) of covert channels are also presented. The work paves the way for future research. Focusing on the IP and TCP headers of TCP/IP Protocol suite, an article published by Craig Rowland devises proper encoding and decoding techniques by utilizing the IP identification field, the TCP initial sequence number and acknowledge sequence number fields. These techniques are implemented in a simple utility written for Linux systems running version 2.0 kernels. Rowland provides a proof of concept as well as practical encoding and decoding techniques for exploitation of covert channels using the TCP/IP protocol suite. These techniques are analyzed","title":"Covert channel"},{"docid":"173002","text":"a totally integrated communications infrastructure to the NASA scientific community for the advancement of earth, space and life sciences. As a high-speed, multiprotocol, international network, NSI provided connectivity to over 20,000 scientists across all seven continents. In 1981 NSF supported the development of the Computer Science Network (CSNET). CSNET connected with ARPANET using TCP/IP, and ran TCP/IP over X.25, but it also supported departments without sophisticated network connections, using automated dial-up mail exchange. In 1986, the NSF created NSFNET, a 56 kbit/s backbone to support the NSF-sponsored supercomputing centers. The NSFNET also provided support for the creation of regional research","title":"History of the Internet"},{"docid":"206775","text":"multi-connection TCP for ham radio applications) starting in 1985. The spread of TCP/IP was fueled further in June 1989, when the University of California, Berkeley agreed to place the TCP/IP code developed for BSD UNIX into the public domain. Various vendors, including IBM, included this code in their own TCP/IP stacks. Microsoft released a native TCP/IP stack in Windows 95. This event was a little late in the evolution of the Internet, but it cemented TCP/IP's dominance over other protocols, which began to lose ground. These protocols included IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA), Digital Equipment Corporation's DECnet, Open Systems Interconnection","title":"Internet protocol suite"},{"docid":"5496044","text":"protocol guaranteed error-free communications for all activities, not just file transfers. FCP could run on several different physical layers, starting with modems and AppleTalk, and later adding Novell's IPX and TCP/IP. Both the client and server could communicate over any of these links, allowing a user to move from office to home and have access to the same server. FCP was based on a sliding window protocol, using a wide variety of packet sizes tuned to different networking protocols. Later versions of FCP could turn off their own error correction systems when running over error-free links like TCP/IP. FCP also","title":"FirstClass"},{"docid":"4512605","text":"NetBIOS over TCP/IP NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT, or sometimes NetBT) is a networking protocol that allows legacy computer applications relying on the NetBIOS API to be used on modern TCP/IP networks. NetBIOS was developed in the early 1980s, targeting very small networks (about a dozen computers). Some applications still use NetBIOS, and do not scale well in today's networks of hundreds of computers when NetBIOS is run over NBF. When properly configured, NBT allows those applications to be run on large TCP/IP networks (including the whole Internet, although that is likely to be subject to security problems) without change. NBT","title":"NetBIOS over TCP/IP"},{"docid":"2492376","text":"to the tunnelling overhead, NetWare/IP was largely ignored except as a mechanism to route IPX through TCP/IP-only routers and WAN links. NetWare 5.x introduced native support for NCP over TCP/IP, which is now the preferred configuration. The successor to NetWare, Open Enterprise Server, comes in two flavors: OES-NetWare, which provides legacy support for IPX/SPX (deprecated), and OES-Linux, which only supports TCP/IP. Both Microsoft and Novell have provided support (through Proxy Server/ISA Server and BorderManager, respectively) for IPX/SPX as an intranet protocol to communicate through a firewall. This allows a machine using client software to access the Internet without having TCP/IP","title":"IPX/SPX"},{"docid":"190364","text":"(LAN) or a dial-up connection. The model, also known as TCP/IP, is designed to be independent of the underlying hardware used for the physical connections, which the model does not concern itself with in any detail. Other models have been developed, such as the OSI model, that attempt to be comprehensive in every aspect of communications. While many similarities exist between the models, they are not compatible in the details of description or implementation. Yet, TCP/IP protocols are usually included in the discussion of OSI networking. The most prominent component of the Internet model is the Internet Protocol (IP), which","title":"Internet"},{"docid":"1794696","text":"service of the network itself. The ARPANET was the first large-scale general-purpose packet switching network implementing several of the basic notions previously touched on by Baran and Davies, and demonstrating several important aspects of the end-to-end principle: Internet Protocol (IP) is a connectionless datagram service with no delivery guarantees. On the internet, IP is used for nearly all communications. End-to-end acknowledgment and retransmission is the responsibility of the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which sits on top of IP. The functional split between IP and TCP exemplifies proper application of the end-to-end principle to transport protocol design. An example of","title":"End-to-end principle"},{"docid":"5156741","text":"which implemented TCP-IP and DECnet, emerged as a global connection between these packet-based Ethernet LANs. Over time, when terminals became less popular, terminal emulators had a built-in LAT client. Most Linux distributions offer a client and server \"lat\" package, that can easily be installed via a package manager. This allows e.g. to access a local area network server while being connected to a corporate VPN network that would otherwise block local TCP/IP traffic. Local Area Transport Local Area Transport (LAT) is a non-routable (Data Link Layer) networking technology developed by Digital Equipment Corporation to provide connection between the DECserver 90,","title":"Local Area Transport"},{"docid":"173008","text":"side of the UUCP Usenet network (much of which ran over X.25 links) over to TCP/IP. In 1987, Ben Segal had met with Len Bosack from the then still small company Cisco about purchasing some TCP/IP routers for CERN, and was able to give Karrenberg advice and forward him on to Cisco for the appropriate hardware. This expanded the European portion of the Internet across the existing UUCP networks, and in 1989 CERN opened its first external TCP/IP connections. This coincided with the creation of Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE), initially a group of IP network administrators who met regularly to","title":"History of the Internet"},{"docid":"1491740","text":"authors in academia published more work on covert channels in the TCP/IP protocol suite, including a plethora of countermeasures ranging from statistical approaches to machine learning. The research on network covert channels overlaps with the domain of network steganography, which emerged later. Covert channel In computer security, a covert channel is a type of attack that creates a capability to transfer information objects between processes that are not supposed to be allowed to communicate by the computer security policy. The term, originated in 1973 by Lampson, is defined as channels \"not intended for information transfer at all, such as the","title":"Covert channel"},{"docid":"14629152","text":"include: Standard IP data – currently up to two channels per aircraft; Up to 432 kbit/s per channel over a high-gain antenna and up to 332 kbit/s over an intermediate gain antenna Streaming IP data on demand at 32, 64, 128, 256, 384, and 650 kbit/s which can be combined for higher rates; simultaneous voice and high-speed data; packet-switched data (TCP/IP) and ISDN; circuit-switched voice and VoIP. In October 2013 Inmarsat announced the launch of its new SwiftBroadband High Data Rate (HDR) streaming service for the aviation market which provides a guaranteed bandwidth (QoS) of est. 650 kbit/s. It further","title":"SwiftBroadband"},{"docid":"1278029","text":"Channel Fabrics and supports many upper level protocols. Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) is a transport protocol that predominantly transports SCSI commands over Fibre Channel networks. Mainframe computers run the FICON command set over Fibre Channel because of its high reliability and throughput. Fibre Channel can be used to transport data from storage systems that use solid-state flash memory storage medium by transporting NVMe protocol commands. When the technology was originally devised, it ran over optical fiber cables only and, as such, was called \"Fiber Channel\". Later, the ability to run over copper cabling was added to the specification. In order","title":"Fibre Channel"},{"docid":"7525255","text":"which are used by businesses and government for transfer of critical electronic data. Connect:Direct supports the patented FASP™ transfer technology protocol originally developed by Aspera Software (an IBM company as of 2014). FASP (Fast And Secure Protocol) adds proprietary network congestion and packet recovery logic on top of UDP, which results in extremely fast transfers that do not interfere with TCP/IP network traffic. (Except UDP/IP and TCP/IP sharing the same IP network and competing for the same resources.) In the mid-1980s, several employees of UCC (University Computing Company subsequently renamed to Uccel Corporation) left to form \"The System Center, Inc.\"","title":"Connect:Direct"},{"docid":"18747550","text":"mainframe Terminal Emulators and e-mail programs. The background communications of these programs would continue while the programs were swapped out. HeadRoom would reactivate the swapped-out programs when activity occurred on the NETBIOS or TCP/IP sockets. In October 1989, Helix Software released HeadRoom v2.0 which included support for Microsoft Windows and LIM EMS v4.0. Starting in March 1990, this version of HeadRoom was bundled with AST Research RAMpage, RAMpage Plus and SixPack memory expansion boards. In June 1990, Helix Software licensed technology from Headroom to Digital Communications Associates for use with their IRMA boards and IRMALan software. In January 1991, Helix","title":"Helix HeadRoom"},{"docid":"9526001","text":"MacIP MacIP refers to a standard for encapsulating Internet Protocol (IP) packets within the AppleTalk DDP protocol. This allows Macintosh computers with LocalTalk networking hardware to access the normally Ethernet-based connections for TCP/IP based network services. This was an important bridging technology during the era when Ethernet and TCP/IP were rapidly growing in popularity in the early 1990s. Software implementing MacIP, such as MacTCP or Open Transport, was installed on the computer and a MacIP Gateway was placed elsewhere on the network. Applications that communicate with TCP/IP (such as Telnet) have their IP packets encapsulated in DDP for transmission across","title":"MacIP"},{"docid":"4512619","text":"the count of all NetBIOS names resolved by broadcast and querying a WINS server.<br> nbtstat -R: purges and reloads the remote cache name table. <br> nbtstat -RR: sends name release packets to WINs and then starts Refresh. <br> nbtstat -s: lists the current NetBIOS sessions and their status, including statistics. <br> nbtstat -S: lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses. NetBIOS over TCP/IP NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT, or sometimes NetBT) is a networking protocol that allows legacy computer applications relying on the NetBIOS API to be used on modern TCP/IP networks. NetBIOS was developed in the early 1980s, targeting","title":"NetBIOS over TCP/IP"},{"docid":"448534","text":"the native Linux TCP/IP stack. IBM recommends that z/VSE customers run Linux on z Systems alongside, on the same physical system, to provide another 64-bit application environment that can access and extend z/VSE applications and data via Hipersockets using a wide variety of middleware. CICS, one of the most popular enterprise transaction processing systems, is extremely popular among z/VSE users and now supports recent innovations such as Web services. DB2 is also available and popular. z/VSE supports ECKD as well as SCSI devices. Fibre Channel access to SCSI storage devices was initially supported by z/VSE 3.1 on a limited basis","title":"VSE (operating system)"},{"docid":"4150059","text":"Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression is a data compression protocol described in RFC 1144, specifically designed by Van Jacobson to improve TCP/IP performance over slow serial links. Van Jacobson compression reduces the normal 40 byte TCP/IP packet headers down to 3-4 bytes for the average case. It does this by saving the state of TCP connections at both ends of a link, and only sending the differences in the header fields that change. This makes a very big difference for interactive performance on low speed links, although it will not do anything about the processing","title":"Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression"},{"docid":"10288572","text":"Intel Active Management Technology Intel Active Management Technology (AMT) is hardware and firmware technology for remote out-of-band management of personal computers, running on the Intel Management Engine, a separate microprocessor not exposed to the user, in order to monitor, maintain, update, upgrade, and repair them. Out-of-band (OOB) or hardware-based management is different from software-based (or in-band) management and software management agents. Hardware-based management works at a different level from software applications, and uses a communication channel (through the TCP/IP stack) that is different from software-based communication (which is through the software stack in the operating system). Hardware-based management does not","title":"Intel Active Management Technology"},{"docid":"6214541","text":"Transaction Capabilities Application Part Transaction Capabilities Application Part, from ITU-T recommendations Q.771-Q.775 or ANSI T1.114 is a protocol for Signalling System 7 networks. Its primary purpose is to facilitate multiple concurrent dialogs between the same sub-systems on the same machines, using Transaction IDs to differentiate these, similar to the way TCP ports facilitate multiplexing connections between the same IP addresses on the Internet. TCAP uses ASN.1 BER encoding, as well as the protocols it encapsulates, namely MAP in mobile phone networks or INAP in Intelligent Networks. TCAP messages are sent over the wire between machines. TCAP primitives are sent between","title":"Transaction Capabilities Application Part"},{"docid":"818023","text":"for IP communications. The fax machine may be a standard device connected to an analog telephone adapter (ATA), or it may be a software application or dedicated network device operating via an Ethernet interface. Originally, T.38 was designed to use UDP or TCP transmission methods across an IP network. UDP provides near real-time characteristics due to the \"no recovery rule\" when a UDP packet is lost or an error occurs during transmission. Some newer high end fax machines have built-in T.38 capabilities which are connected directly to a network switch or router. In T.38 each packet contains a portion of","title":"Voice over IP"},{"docid":"5714587","text":"a firewall can usually handle the attack and is unaffected. A distributed denial of service attack is when communication requests come from multiple computers, greatly increasing the number of requests over a regular denial of service attack. Some other types of DOS attacks include Ping of Death, Teardrop, Ping Flooding, and Amplification attacks. TCP/IP Hijacking TCP/IP Hijacking is another way that uses spoofed packets to take over a connection between the victim and a host machine. This technique is mainly used to collect passwords when a host machine uses a password to be connected to. When this type of attack","title":"Hacking: The Art of Exploitation"},{"docid":"3662947","text":"router-based queuing schemes are limited to a small number of classes and only allow one-dimensional classification. Because it operates at the IP network layer, CBQ provides the same benefits across any Layer 2 technology and is equally effective with any IP protocol, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It also operates with any client or server TCP/IP stack variation, since it takes advantage of standard TCP/IP flow control mechanisms to control end-to-end traffic. An implementation is available under the GNU General Public License for the Linux kernel. Class-based queueing Class-based queuing (CBQ) is a queuing","title":"Class-based queueing"},{"docid":"9526004","text":"as a standard and has subsequently expired. Apple subsequently developed a new protocol AppleShare IP which is not backwardly compatible. MacIP MacIP refers to a standard for encapsulating Internet Protocol (IP) packets within the AppleTalk DDP protocol. This allows Macintosh computers with LocalTalk networking hardware to access the normally Ethernet-based connections for TCP/IP based network services. This was an important bridging technology during the era when Ethernet and TCP/IP were rapidly growing in popularity in the early 1990s. Software implementing MacIP, such as MacTCP or Open Transport, was installed on the computer and a MacIP Gateway was placed elsewhere on","title":"MacIP"},{"docid":"19682919","text":"NDI support from vendors including EVS and Avid.<ref name=\"https://www.newtek.com/blog/avid\">https://www.newtek.com/blog/avid/</ref> NDI was designed to work on good quality gigabit local area networks using TCP and Bonjour (mDNS) technologies. In order to work across subnets which don't pass mDNS, NDI supports a mechanism known as NDI Access which allows manual entry of the IP address of machines on other subnet which may be running NDI sources. Some NDI adopters have run the protocol across medium distance Fibre connections up to 15 km, although NDI's use of the TCP protocol make it less suitable for longer distance, high latency connections due to factors","title":"Network Device Interface"},{"docid":"13357775","text":"programming feed, while a more customized use of content can be sent through the interactive channel. Brazilian proposal for the interactivity channel is focused on flexibility and is based on TCP/IP protocol. Receiver shall have an USB interface for an external Modem connection. This is adequate to comply with an existing telecomm infrastructure of multiple technologies and is also open for future innovations. Also, the standard allows for many different possible ways of connecting a receiver device to a network, and use it as an interactivity channel. Future technologies in communications can be easily integrated in the proposed system. These","title":"ABNT NBR 15607"},{"docid":"7118791","text":"as input to the script generator (ITPSGEN), which produces scripts: The \"TCP/IP script generator\" is unique to WSim and was introduced in December 2015. It processes a TCP/IP trace dataset produced by the WSim-supplied TCP/IP Trace Utility (ITPIPTRX), which invokes the z/OS Communication Server real-time, application-controlled TCP/IP trace Network Management Interface (NMI) to capture TCP/IP data trace records. These trace records contain HTTP messages (packets and data) exchanged between a server and client. The TCP/IP script generator (ITPIPGEN) then processes this trace dataset and creates a script, in the STL language, which replicates the communication that occurred between the server","title":"IBM TPNS"},{"docid":"11793437","text":"offload (from the CPU) the low level frame processing and SCSI protocol functions traditionally performed by Fibre Channel host bus adapters. The main application of FCoE is in data center storage area networks (SANs). FCoE has particular application in data centers due to the cabling reduction it makes possible, as well as in server virtualization applications, which often require many physical I/O connections per server. With FCoE, network (IP) and storage (SAN) data traffic can be consolidated using a single network. This consolidation can: FCoE is encapsulated over Ethernet with the use of a dedicated Ethertype, 0x8906. A single 4-bit","title":"Fibre Channel over Ethernet"},{"docid":"4150060","text":"delay inherent to most dialup modems. Van Jacobson Header Compression (also VJ compression, or just Header Compression) is an option in most versions of PPP. Versions of Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) with VJ compression are often called CSLIP (Compressed SLIP). Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression is a data compression protocol described in RFC 1144, specifically designed by Van Jacobson to improve TCP/IP performance over slow serial links. Van Jacobson compression reduces the normal 40 byte TCP/IP packet headers down to 3-4 bytes for the average case. It does this by saving the state of","title":"Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression"},{"docid":"173034","text":"planets, or because space weather disrupts the connection. Under such conditions, DTN retransmits data packages instead of dropping them, as the standard TCP/IP Internet Protocol does. NASA conducted the first field test of what it calls the \"deep space internet\" in November 2008. Testing of DTN-based communications between the International Space Station and Earth (now termed Disruption-Tolerant Networking) has been ongoing since March 2009, and is scheduled to continue until March 2014. This network technology is supposed to ultimately enable missions that involve multiple spacecraft where reliable inter-vessel communication might take precedence over vessel-to-earth downlinks. According to a February 2011","title":"History of the Internet"},{"docid":"9845231","text":"made MIL-STD-1777 and RFC 791 true icons in an era where communications are much used and little understood. Defining text relates to the interconnecting of DoD Sub-nets; \"The Internet Protocol (IP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are mandatory for use in all DoD packet switching networks which connect or have the potential for utilizing connectivity across network or subnetwork boundaries. Network elements (hosts, front-ends, bus interface units, gateways. etc.) within such networks which are to be used for internetting shall implement TCP/IP. The term network as used herein includes Local Area Networks (LANs) but not integrated weapon systems. Use","title":"MIL-STD-1777"},{"docid":"3752957","text":"does not support Mac clients. Windows NT 3.5 includes integrated Winsock and TCP/IP support. (Its predecessor, Windows NT 3.1, only includes an incomplete implementation of TCP/IP based on the AT&T UNIX System V \"STREAMS\" API.) TCP/IP and IPX/SPX stacks in Windows NT 3.5 are rewritten. NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) support as a compatibility layer for TCP/IP was introduced as also the Microsoft DHCP and WINS clients and DHCP and WINS servers. Windows NT 3.5 can share files via the File Transfer Protocol, and printers through the Line Printer Daemon protocol. It can act as a Gopher, HTTP, or WAIS server,<ref","title":"Windows NT 3.5"},{"docid":"4344096","text":"Brooks set out in April 1994 to create a fully graphic, multifont web browser for home PC users. SlipKnot version 1.0 was completed and released as shareware in November 1994, thus making it the first purchasable browser on the market. Its name is a play on the term slip knot (a type of knot) against SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) -- an early version of TCP/IP over modem lines—and not after the fact that, unlike Mosaic and Netscape browser offerings, a SLIP connection was not necessary to view graphical web content. SlipKnot was given the Best Communications Shareware Program of","title":"SlipKnot (web browser)"},{"docid":"201420","text":"other footer after the data section. Typically the link layer encapsulates IP packets in frames with a CRC footer that detects most errors, and typically the end-to-end TCP layer checksum detects most other errors. The IPv4 packet header consists of 14 fields, of which 13 are required. The 14th field is optional and aptly named: options. The fields in the header are packed with the most significant byte first (big endian), and for the diagram and discussion, the most significant bits are considered to come first (MSB 0 bit numbering). The most significant bit is numbered 0, so the version","title":"IPv4"},{"docid":"838876","text":"level links to TCP/IP were added via the IETF RFC 1006 (OSI over IP) and RFC 1859 (NSP over IP) standards \"(see diagram)\". It was later renamed DECnet/OSI to emphasize its OSI interconnectibility, and subsequently DECnet-Plus as TCP/IP protocols were incorporated. DEC's internal corporate network was a DECnet network called Easynet, which had evolved from DEC's Engineering Net (E-NET). It included over 2,000 nodes as of 1984, 15,000 nodes (in 39 countries) as of 1987, and 54,000 nodes as of 1990. DECnet was used at various scientific research centers which linked their networks to form an international network called the","title":"DECnet"},{"docid":"15937829","text":"was determined that the internetworking design that was being used was becoming unwieldy and it did not exactly follow the layered approach of the OSI Model. This led to the splitting of the original TCP and the creation of the TCP/IP architecture - TCP now standing for Transmission Control Protocol and IP standing for Internet Protocol. Packet networks came about as a result of the need in the early 1960s to make communications networks more reliable. It can be viewed as the implementation of the layered model using a packet structure. Early commercial networks were composed of dedicated, analog circuits","title":"Packet processing"},{"docid":"16423685","text":"powerful and light open source framework (based on FreeRTOS) that manages the TCP/IP software stack, the user application and the integrated \"web server\"'. Flyport is available in 3 pin compatible versions: Flyport system on module is based on Microchip Technology PIC24 low power processor. It is used to connect and control systems over Internet through an embedded customizable web server or the standard TCP/IP services. The integrated microcontroller runs the customer application, so no host processor is needed. The pinout is very flexible since it is customizable by software. Flyport can connect with several cloud servers such as Evrthng, Xively,","title":"OpenPicus"},{"docid":"846752","text":"request or response beyond what is required for proxy authentication and identification\". \"A 'non-transparent proxy' is a proxy that modifies the request or response in order to provide some added service to the user agent, such as group annotation services, media type transformation, protocol reduction, or anonymity filtering\". TCP Intercept is a traffic filtering security feature that protects TCP servers from TCP SYN flood attacks, which are a type of denial-of-service attack. TCP Intercept is available for IP traffic only. In 2009 a security flaw in the way that transparent proxies operate was published by Robert Auger, and the Computer","title":"Proxy server"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"15354237\",\n \"text\": \"of the IP Network. A competing technology to FCIP is known as iFCP. It uses routing instead of tunneling to enable connectivity of Fibre Channel networks over IP. Fibre Channel over IP Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP or FC/IP, also known as Fibre Channel tunneling or storage tunneling) is an Internet Protocol (IP) created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for storage technology. An FCIP entity functions to encapsulate Fibre Channel frames and forward them over an IP network. FCIP entities are peers that communicate using TCP/IP. FCIP technology overcomes the distance limitations of native Fibre Channel, enabling geographically\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel over IP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6966953\",\n \"text\": \"Control Protocol). The primary objective of iFCP is to allow existing Fibre Channel devices to be networked and interconnected over an IP based network at wire speeds. The method of address translation defined and the protocol permit Fibre Channel storage devices and host adapters to be attached to an IP-based fabric using transparent gateways. The iFCP protocol layer's main function is to transport Fibre Channel frame images between Fibre Channel ports attached both locally and remotely. iFCP encapsulates and routes the fibre channel frames that make up each Fibre Channel information unit via a predetermined TCP connection for transport across\",\n \"title\": \"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15354236\",\n \"text\": \"Fibre Channel over IP Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP or FC/IP, also known as Fibre Channel tunneling or storage tunneling) is an Internet Protocol (IP) created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for storage technology. An FCIP entity functions to encapsulate Fibre Channel frames and forward them over an IP network. FCIP entities are peers that communicate using TCP/IP. FCIP technology overcomes the distance limitations of native Fibre Channel, enabling geographically distributed storage area networks to be connected using existing IP infrastructure, while keeping fabric services intact. The Fibre Channel Fabric and its devices remain unaware of the presence\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel over IP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6966952\",\n \"text\": \"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) is a gateway-to-gateway network protocol standard that provides Fibre Channel fabric functionality to Fibre Channel devices over an IP network. It is officially ratified by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Its most common forms are in 1 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s. The iFCP protocol enables the implementation of Fibre Channel functionality over an IP network, within which the Fibre Channel switching and routing infrastructure is replaced by IP components and technology. Congestion control, error detection and recovery are provided through the use of TCP (Transmission\",\n \"title\": \"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793441\",\n \"text\": \"portfolio of Dell, introduced the S5000 series which can be a fully native FCoE switch with the option to include a native fibre channel module, allowing you to connect the S5000 directly to an FC SAN environment. Fibre Channel over Ethernet Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is a computer network technology that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. The specification was part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards T11 FC-BB-5 standard published in 2009. FCoE transports Fibre Channel\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel over Ethernet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793434\",\n \"text\": \"Fibre Channel over Ethernet Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is a computer network technology that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. The specification was part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards T11 FC-BB-5 standard published in 2009. FCoE transports Fibre Channel directly over Ethernet while being independent of the Ethernet forwarding scheme. The FCoE protocol specification replaces the FC0 and FC1 layers of the Fibre Channel stack with Ethernet. By retaining the native Fibre Channel constructs, FCoE was\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel over Ethernet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6966954\",\n \"text\": \"the IP network when transporting frames to a remote Fibre Channel port. Internet Fibre Channel Protocol Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) is a gateway-to-gateway network protocol standard that provides Fibre Channel fabric functionality to Fibre Channel devices over an IP network. It is officially ratified by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Its most common forms are in 1 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s. The iFCP protocol enables the implementation of Fibre Channel functionality over an IP network, within which the Fibre Channel switching and routing infrastructure is replaced by IP components and technology. Congestion control,\",\n \"title\": \"Internet Fibre Channel Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5882691\",\n \"text\": \"bytes in size may be accommodated. ARP packet transmission works in the same fashion. Each IP datagram exchange is unidirectional, although IP and TCP allow for bidirectional communication within their protocols. IPFC is an application protocol that is typically implemented as a device driver in an operating system. IP over FC plays a less important role in storage area networking than SCSI over Fibre Channel or IP over Ethernet. IPFC has been used, for example, to provide clock synchronization via the Network Time Protocol (NTP). IPFC IPFC stands for Internet Protocol over Fibre Channel. It governs a set of standards\",\n \"title\": \"IPFC\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6059875\",\n \"text\": \"I-Cable Communications I-Cable Communications Limited (; ; ) is an internet Service Provider in Hong Kong currently owned by Forever Top (Asia) Limited, which acquired the company from The Wharf Group in 2017. In 1999, the company began to develop advanced applications for its fibre coaxial network (already used for the paid-TV service) and to capitalise on the rapidly growing number of Internet users in Hong Kong. It provides The broadband internet access service deploying cable modem based technology via the TCP/IP which is differed from the PPPoE technology provided by conventional carrier. I-Cable Communications also owns Hong Kong Cable\",\n \"title\": \"I-Cable Communications\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6059876\",\n \"text\": \"Television, a cable television provider, and Fantastic Television, a free-to-air television broadcaster. I-Cable Communications I-Cable Communications Limited (; ; ) is an internet Service Provider in Hong Kong currently owned by Forever Top (Asia) Limited, which acquired the company from The Wharf Group in 2017. In 1999, the company began to develop advanced applications for its fibre coaxial network (already used for the paid-TV service) and to capitalise on the rapidly growing number of Internet users in Hong Kong. It provides The broadband internet access service deploying cable modem based technology via the TCP/IP which is differed from the PPPoE\",\n \"title\": \"I-Cable Communications\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5538067\",\n \"text\": \"pay Brocade $5 million in cash and issue a $70 million unsecured convertible promissory note payable to Brocade. Brocade Communications Systems Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. is an American technology company specializing in data and storage networking products, now a subsidiary of Broadcom Inc. Originally known for its Fibre Channel storage networks, the company expanded include a wide range of products marketed as third platform technologies. Offerings included routers and network switches for data center, campus and carrier environments, IP and Fibre Channel storage network fabrics; Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) markets such as a commercial edition of\",\n \"title\": \"Brocade Communications Systems\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5538042\",\n \"text\": \"Brocade Communications Systems Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. is an American technology company specializing in data and storage networking products, now a subsidiary of Broadcom Inc. Originally known for its Fibre Channel storage networks, the company expanded include a wide range of products marketed as third platform technologies. Offerings included routers and network switches for data center, campus and carrier environments, IP and Fibre Channel storage network fabrics; Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) markets such as a commercial edition of the OpenDaylight Project controller; and network management software that spans physical and virtual devices. On November 2, 2016,\",\n \"title\": \"Brocade Communications Systems\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11209445\",\n \"text\": \"it was indifferent to the protocols used - and allowed connection of Macintosh machines using LocalTalk, TCP/IP, or other protocols assuming it was supported by programs. Eventually as Ethernet over twisted pair emerged as the dominate method for connecting computers, all Macs adopted the now familiar modular 8 pin modular jack as standard. Fibre Channel adapters are also available for the Mac Pro and the discontinued Xserve, generally for connection to large storage subsystems and/or high bandwidth multimedia applications. Apple introduced 802.11 wireless networking to the Mac in 1999, with AirPort technology built into the iBook. Three years later, it\",\n \"title\": \"Macintosh hardware\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"849616\",\n \"text\": \"(such as a Token Ring interface on the 3745, a 3172 Lan Channel Station, or a Cisco ESCON-compatible Channel Interface Processor). The proprietary networking architecture for Honeywell Bull mainframes is Distributed Systems Architecture (DSA). Communications package for DSA is VIP. Like SNA, DSA is also no longer supported for client access. Bull mainframes are fitted with Mainway for translating DSA to TCP/IP and VIP devices are replaced by TNVIP Terminal Emulations (GLink, Winsurf). GCOS 8 supports TNVIP SE over TCP/IP. Other architectures are Unisys – formerly Univac – Distributed Computing Architecture (DCA) and – formerly Burroughs – Burroughs Network Architecture\",\n \"title\": \"IBM Systems Network Architecture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"413965\",\n \"text\": \"software layer (Internet Layer). The Internet Layer encapsulates each TCP segment into an IP packet by adding a header that includes (among other data) the destination IP address. When the client program on the destination computer receives them, the TCP layer (Transport Layer) re-assembles the individual segments and ensures they are correctly ordered and error-free as it streams them to an application. Transmission Control Protocol accepts data from a data stream, divides it into chunks, and adds a TCP header creating a TCP segment. The TCP segment is then encapsulated into an Internet Protocol (IP) datagram, and exchanged with peers.\",\n \"title\": \"Transmission Control Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8851189\",\n \"text\": \"does not preclude the use of unidirectional networks in transferring protocols like TCP/IP, which require communications (including acknowledgments) between sender and receiver. By employing TCP/IP client-server proxies prior to, and after, one-way transfer, data transported as TCP packet flows can gain the security value of unidirectional transfer. The idea of unidirectional networks have been around since the 1960s. This was developed further in the 1990s by Australia's Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) on the data diode and the Interactive Link. The simplest form of a unidirectional network is a simple, modified, fiber-optic network link, with send and receive transceivers\",\n \"title\": \"Unidirectional network\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2728925\",\n \"text\": \"Research and Educational Networking (CREN). By 1991, the success of the NSFNET and NSF-sponsored regional networks had rendered the CSNET services redundant, and the CSNET network was shut down in October 1991. The CSNET project had three primary components: an email relaying service (Delaware and RAND), a name service (Wisconsin), and TCP/IP-over-X.25 tunnelling technology (Purdue). Initial access was with email relaying, through gateways at Delaware and RAND, over dial-up telephone or X.29/X.25 terminal emulation. Eventually CSNET access added TCP/IP, including running over X.25. The email relaying service was called Phonenet, after the telephone-specific channel of the MMDF software developed by\",\n \"title\": \"CSNET\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1665481\",\n \"text\": \"GB of RAM. With Service Pack 2 installed, the x64 versions support up to 1 TB while the IA-64 versions support up to 2 TB of RAM. Windows Server 2003 Datacenter also allows limiting processor and memory usage on a per-application basis. This edition has better support for storage area networks (SANs): It features a service which uses Windows sockets to emulate TCP/IP communication over native SAN service providers, thereby allowing a SAN to be accessed over any TCP/IP channel. With this, any application that can communicate over TCP/IP can use a SAN, without any modification to the application. The\",\n \"title\": \"Windows Server 2003\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1277939\",\n \"text\": \"in the industry to invest in such a far-reaching technology jump. Ethernet over InfiniBand, abbreviated to EoIB, is an Ethernet implementation over the InfiniBand protocol and connector technology. EoIB enables multiple Ethernet bandwidths varying on the InfiniBand (IB) version. Ethernet's implementation of The Internet Protocol Suite, usually referred to as TCP/IP, is different to some of the implementations used on top of the InfiniBand protocol in IP over IB (IPoIB). InfiniBand InfiniBand (abbreviated IB) is a computer-networking communications standard used in high-performance computing that features very high throughput and very low latency. It is used for data interconnect both among\",\n \"title\": \"InfiniBand\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16412584\",\n \"text\": \"banner. The LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN tied a PC to a central site. They featured dial-on-demand support and was able to connect to remote Cisco ISDN routers. The cards were only able to transmit data over a single ISDN B channel (i.e. 64 kbit/s). An ODI driver was included that allowed TCP/IP and IPX connections. An automated install setup program was included. Supported technology A enterprise endpoint was also available. This was essentially a software router that could be run from a communications server. Pricing (circa 1995) US $2,610 Original list pricing circa 1995 'Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for\",\n \"title\": \"Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9025830\",\n \"text\": \"carriers no longer had to purchase two boxes (e.g. an ADM and a router) just to move TCP/IP packets around its telecom network. Other advantages of the Cerent 454 included: smaller form factor, higher port density, greater chip integration, and lower power consumption than competitors at the time. The unit also was the one of the first network element to utilize TCP/IP and a web server on its management interface (The first TCP/IP management network was Ditech Communications in its DWDM system, marketed in 1996) meaning it could be managed over a standard TCP/IP network as opposed to a more\",\n \"title\": \"Cerent Corporation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15421895\",\n \"text\": \"remote devices, contrary to NVMe where devices connected directly to PCIe bus (or over PCIe switch to PCIe bus). There are few types of NVMeOF depending on underlying transport protocol, FC-NVMe one of examples. In September 2014, a standard for using NVMe over Fibre Channel (FC) was proposed this combination often referred as FC-NVMe (or sometimes NVMe/FC). NVM Express over Fabrics (NVMeOF) is a communication protocol that allows one computer to access block-level storage devices attached to another computer via remote direct memory access over number of transport protocols like FC, TCP/IP or InfiniBand. The standard for this protocol was\",\n \"title\": \"NVM Express\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5882690\",\n \"text\": \"IPFC IPFC stands for Internet Protocol over Fibre Channel. It governs a set of standards created in January 2006 for address resolution (ARP) and transmitting IPv4 and IPv6 network packets over a Fibre Channel (FC) network. IPFC makes up part of the FC-4 protocol-mapping layer of a Fibre Channel system. In IPFC, each IP datagram packet is wrapped into a FC frame, with its own header, and transmitted as a sequence of one or more frames. The receiver at the other end received the frames, strips the FC headers and reassembles the IP packet. IP datagrams of up to 65,280\",\n \"title\": \"IPFC\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"206771\",\n \"text\": \"in the first TCP specification. A significant technical influence was the early networking work at Xerox PARC, which produced the PARC Universal Packet protocol suite, much of which existed around that time. DARPA then contracted with BBN Technologies, Stanford University, and the University College London to develop operational versions of the protocol on different hardware platforms. Four versions were developed: TCP v1, TCP v2, TCP v3 and IP v3, and TCP/IP v4. The last protocol is still in use today. In 1975, a two-network TCP/IP communications test was performed between Stanford and University College London (UCL). In November, 1977, a\",\n \"title\": \"Internet protocol suite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11469782\",\n \"text\": \"TCP hole punching TCP NAT traversal and TCP hole punching (sometimes NAT punch-through) occurs when two hosts behind a network address translation (NAT) are trying to connect to each other with outbound TCP connections. Such a scenario is particularly important in the case of peer-to-peer communications, such as Voice-over-IP (VoIP), file sharing, teleconferencing, chat systems and similar applications. TCP hole punching is a commonly used NAT traversal technique for establishing a TCP connection between two peers behind a NAT device in an Internet computer network. \\\"NAT traversal\\\" is a general term for techniques that establish and maintain TCP/IP network and/or\",\n \"title\": \"TCP hole punching\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4882511\",\n \"text\": \"emulation, a program-to-program API, and enabling DECnet to be tunneled over an SNA LU6.2 network. In 1990, Interlink acquired a product called \\\"ACCES/MVS\\\" from Advanced Computer Communications, which implemented a native TCP/IP protocol stack on the MVS and VM operating systems and within CICS regions. First released in 1986, ACCES/MVS had been the first commercial TCP/IP implementation for MVS mainframes. Interlink developed and marketed this product as \\\"SNS/TCPaccess\\\". The prefix was later dropped, and TCPaccess became the company's main focus of development by the mid-1990s. Meanwhile, in 1989, IBM had introduced its own TCP/IP offering on MVS. This product had\",\n \"title\": \"Interlink Computer Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13485236\",\n \"text\": \"modes such as radioteletype (RTTY) which previously required cumbersome mechanical equipment. Hams led the development of packet radio in the 1970s, which has employed protocols such as AX.25 and TCP/IP. Specialized digital modes such as PSK31 allow real-time, low-power communications on the shortwave bands. EchoLink using Voice over IP technology has enabled amateurs to communicate through local Internet-connected repeaters and radio nodes, while IRLP has allowed the linking of repeaters to provide greater coverage area. Automatic link establishment (ALE) has enabled continuous amateur radio networks to operate on the high frequency bands with global coverage. Other modes, such as FSK441\",\n \"title\": \"Amateur radio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12956087\",\n \"text\": \"Development Program (UNDP), involving eight premier institutions as participating agencies—NCST (National Centre for Software Technology) Bombay, IISc (Indian Institute of Science) Bangalore, five IITs (Indian Institutes of Technology) at Delhi, Bombay, Kanpur, Kharagpur and Madras, and the DoE, New Delhi. ERNET began as a multi protocol network with both the TCP/IP and the OSI-IP protocol stacks running over the leased-line portion of the backbone. Since 1995, however, almost all traffic is carried over TCP/IP. ERNET backbone is a sophisticated link of terrestrial and satellite-based wide area networks. The satellite WAN, using VSAT technology. The VSAT network acts as an overlay\",\n \"title\": \"ERNET\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4988520\",\n \"text\": \"TCP/IP stack fingerprinting TCP/IP stack fingerprinting is the passive collection of configuration attributes from a remote device during standard layer 4 network communications. The combination of parameters may then be used to infer the remote machine's operating system (aka, OS fingerprinting), or incorporated into a device fingerprint. Certain parameters within the TCP protocol definition are left up to the implementation. Different operating systems, and different versions of the same operating system, set different defaults for these values. By collecting and examining these values, one may differentiate among various operating systems, and implementations of TCP/IP. The TCP/IP fields that may vary\",\n \"title\": \"TCP/IP stack fingerprinting\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6598879\",\n \"text\": \"Karlsson and Keith Bloodworth in Lund, Sweden. The company developed and sold protocol converters and printer interfaces for the connection of PC printers in IBM mainframe and mini-computer environments. By the end of the 1980s, Axis Communications had opened its first U.S. sales office in Boston, Massachusetts and in the early 1990s started shifting its focus away from IBM mainframes towards networking and the TCP/IP protocol. In 1991, Axis Communications introduced a multi-protocol print server supporting both TCP/IP and NetWare. In 1995, the company introduced a file server independent, multi-protocol CD-ROM server, supporting TCP/IP (NFS) and Windows (SMB), for Ethernet\",\n \"title\": \"Axis Communications\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13680512\",\n \"text\": \"the skills and knowledge to perform basic systems scans with Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), introduced in 1988, is the most widely used network management tool that provides management capability for TCP/IP-based networks. Then we include Voice over IP (VOIP) with Call Manager Express (CME) to give them an updated understanding of communications over the network they just set up and verified connectivity. Provides an introduction to RETINA and HERCULES, scanning network vulnerabilities for the student to better understand his role in network management. These scanners can look for security vulnerabilities within the system configuration policy on our CPUs. When\",\n \"title\": \"Information technology specialist (military)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3512696\",\n \"text\": \"software package also provides TCP/IP functions. VTAM supports several network protocols, including SDLC, Token Ring, start-stop, Bisync, local (channel attached) 3270 devices, and later TCP/IP. In a VTAM network, communication took place through an integrated communication adapter in the mainframe itself, or by a separate programmable front-end processor, the IBM 3745/3746 Communications Processor, with its own operating system, the Network Control Program NCP. These machines are no longer actively marketed by IBM, but are still supported. IBM provides hardware maintenance and microcode updates for the estimated 20,000 installed 3745/3746 controllers. A robust third party industry of smaller 3745/3746 specialty companies\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual Telecommunications Access Method\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8863836\",\n \"text\": \"of device, system, or network management monitoring and control; or by remote control; through a communication channel. In the data center environment, remote control power cycling can usually be done through a power distribution unit, over TCP/IP. In the home environment, this can be done through home automation powerline communications or IP protocols. Most Internet Service Providers publish a \\\"how-to\\\" on their website showing their customers the correct procedure to power cycle their devices. Power cycling is a standard diagnostic procedure usually performed first when the computer freezes. However, frequently power cycling a computer can cause thermal stress. Reset has\",\n \"title\": \"Power cycling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10126918\",\n \"text\": \"are low cost and not enabled for TCP/IP. They are installed with dedicated communications wiring. Larger DDC controllers provide network communications for these dedicated controllers. There are many well established binary protocols (BACnet, LonTalk, Modbus, DALI) that are used on these dedicated networks in addition to numerous proprietary protocols. While these binary protocols can be used over TCP/IP networks - they have challenges with routers, firewalls, security, and compatibility with other network applications. There is an added challenge in that the industry is split between several largely incompatible protocols. Because oBIX integrates with the enterprise, it enables mechanical and electrical\",\n \"title\": \"OBIX\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3841481\",\n \"text\": \"communicate with the outside world either through: This relies on a \\\"channel\\\". Each queue manager uses one or more channels to send and receive data to other queue managers. A channel is uni-directional; a second channel is required to return data. In a TCP/IP based network, a channel sends or receives data on a specific port. Channel types: When a receiving channel receives a message, it is examined to see which queue manager and queue it is destined for. In the event of a communications failure, MQ can automatically re-establish a connection when the problem is resolved. The \\\"listener\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"IBM MQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"449233\",\n \"text\": \"activities and operations that can be coordinated with the DLM are completely arbitrary. OpenVMS V8.4 offers advances in clustering technology, including the use of industry-standard TCP/IP networking to bring efficiencies to cluster interconnect technology. Cluster over TCP/IP is supported in OpenVMS version 8.4, which was released in 2010. With the supported capability of rolling upgrades and multiple system disks, cluster configurations can be maintained on-line and upgraded incrementally. This allows cluster configurations to continue to provide application and data access while a subset of the member nodes are upgraded to newer software versions. OpenVMS has a very feature-rich file system,\",\n \"title\": \"OpenVMS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1471214\",\n \"text\": \"Application layer An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communications protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking: the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different. In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications across an Internet Protocol (IP) computer network. The application layer only standardizes communication and depends\",\n \"title\": \"Application layer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13624748\",\n \"text\": \"CPComm and the Exec jointly handle authentication of connection requests and authorization for users and terminals to connect to time-sharing, and the various transaction application groups. SSL is supported for every connection. CPComm has software implementations of the encryption algorithms required for SSL. CPComm includes the protocols and connections to time-sharing and transaction message queues. One of the most heavily used legacy protocols is INT1 which is a TCP/IP variant of the UNISCOPE/UTS green-screen terminal protocol. TCP/IP v4 and TCP/IP v6 along with SNMP v1 and v3 are supported by CPComm. The Message Control Bank (MCB) is a protected subsystem\",\n \"title\": \"Unisys OS 2200 communications\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6578345\",\n \"text\": \"on that platform. Each set of equipment will require power and appropriate allowance for cooling. The components of the Link 22 architecture have to be inter-connected via appropriate cabling and communications devices. The DLP-to-SNC interface and the SNC-to-LLC interface both use Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). If TCP/IP is communicating within a processor, no cabling is required for the interface, which would be the case if the DLP and SNC were running on the same processor. When on separate equipment or processors, TCP/IP can use many types of network interfaces. The LLC interface uses Ethernet and so the\",\n \"title\": \"Link 22\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1681112\",\n \"text\": \"Winsock In computing, the Windows Sockets API (WSA), later shortened to Winsock, is a technical specification that defines how Windows network software should access network services, especially TCP/IP. It defines a standard interface between a Windows TCP/IP client application (such as an FTP client or a web browser) and the underlying TCP/IP protocol stack. The nomenclature is based on the Berkeley sockets API model used in BSD for communications between programs. Early Microsoft operating systems, both MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, offered limited networking capability, chiefly based on NetBIOS. In particular, Microsoft did not offer support for the TCP/IP protocol stack\",\n \"title\": \"Winsock\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5317984\",\n \"text\": \"Circuit-level gateway A circuit-level gateway is a type of firewall. Circuit-level gateways work at the session layer of the OSI model, or as a \\\"shim-layer\\\" between the application layer and the transport layer of the TCP/IP stack. They monitor TCP handshaking between packets to determine whether a requested session is legitimate. Information passed to a remote computer through a circuit-level gateway appears to have originated from the gateway. Circuit-level firewall applications represent the technology of next to first generation. Firewall technology supervises TCP handshaking among packets to confirm a session is genuine. Firewall traffic is cleaned based on particular session\",\n \"title\": \"Circuit-level gateway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1298247\",\n \"text\": \"the transport layers of the Internet protocol suite, the OSI protocol suite, NetWare's IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and Fibre Channel. ISO/IEC 8073/ITU-T Recommendation X.224, \\\"Information Technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Protocol for providing the connection-mode transport service\\\", defines five classes of connection-mode transport protocols designated class 0 (TP0) to class 4 (TP4). Class 0 contains no error recovery, and was designed for use on network layers that provide error-free connections. Class 4 is closest to TCP, although TCP contains functions, such as the graceful close, which OSI assigns to the session layer. All OSI connection-mode protocol classes provide expedited data and\",\n \"title\": \"Transport layer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1507840\",\n \"text\": \"dialog box. There may also be connection-specific suffixes which can be viewed or changed on the DNS tab in Control Panel → Network → TCP/IP → Advanced Properties. Host names are used by applications such as telnet, ftp, web browsers, etc. To connect to a computer running the TCP/IP protocol using its name, the host name must be resolved into an IP address, typically by a DNS server. The node type of a networked computer relates to the way it resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses. There are four node types. The node type in use is displayed by opening\",\n \"title\": \"NetBIOS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8599315\",\n \"text\": \"completing a fax call towards the IP network. The typical scenario where T.38 is used is - T.38 Fax relay - where a T.30 fax device sends a fax over PSTN to a T.38 Fax gateway which converts or encapsulates the T.30 protocol into T.38 data stream. This is then sent either to a T.38 enabled end point such as fax machine or fax server or another T.38 Gateway that converts it back to PSTN PCM or analog signal and terminates the fax on a T.30 device. The T.38 recommendation defines the use of both TCP and UDP to transport\",\n \"title\": \"T.38\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2492369\",\n \"text\": \"TCP/IP, with the IPX protocol having similarities to IP, and SPX having similarities to TCP. IPX/SPX was primarily designed for local area networks (LANs), and is a very efficient protocol for this purpose (typically SPX's performance exceeds that of TCP on a small LAN, as in place of congestion windows and confirmatory acknowledgements, SPX uses simple NAKs). TCP/IP has, however, become the \\\"de facto\\\" standard protocol. This is in part due to its superior performance over wide area networks and the Internet (which uses TCP/IP exclusively), and also because TCP/IP is a more mature protocol, designed specifically with this purpose\",\n \"title\": \"IPX/SPX\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6922501\",\n \"text\": \"for TCP/IP stack fingerprinting, which forms the underlying technology of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, also known as TCP/IP. Her specific role within the research team was to help with the initial tests of the TCP. She also investigated Ethernet technology, which connected computers in the local area together. After Stanford, she worked at a startup semiconductor company called Zilog Corporation that had separated from Intel, where she contributed to the design of the Z8 and Z8000 microprocessors. She led the team that developed one of the first commercial local area network systems called Z-net. At Zilog, Estrin decided to\",\n \"title\": \"Judith Estrin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9452850\",\n \"text\": \"2 can encrypt and digitally sign message data, request signed receipts and also offers high levels of data compression. All of these services are available when using OFTP 2 over TCP/IP, X.25/ISDN or native X.25. When used over a TCP/IP network such as the Internet, additional session level security is available by using OFTP 2 over TLS (Transport Layer Security). OFTP The Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) is a protocol created in 1986, used for EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) between two communications business partners. Its name comes from the Odette Organisation (the Organization for data exchange by teletransmission in Europe).\",\n \"title\": \"OFTP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2988919\",\n \"text\": \"done as follows: MSS is sometimes mistaken for PMTU. MSS is a concept used by TCP in the Transport layer and it specifies the largest amount of data that a computer or communications device can \\\"receive\\\" in a single TCP segment. While PMTU is used by the IP layer and it specifies the largest packet size that can be \\\"sent\\\" over this path without suffering fragmentation. Maximum segment size The maximum segment size (MSS) is a parameter of the \\\"options\\\" field of the TCP header that specifies the largest amount of data, specified in bytes, that a computer or communications\",\n \"title\": \"Maximum segment size\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15045360\",\n \"text\": \"Bridging Systems Interface Bridging Systems Interface is a standard protocol for communicating with physical interfaces which attach analog or digital voice radios to digital data networks—known as 'Radio over IP'--to make easier the use of remote radios by local users, and the sharing of radios by multiple users, in the service of improving emergency communications interoperability. The standard is promulgated by the SAFECOM program in the US Department of Homeland Security's Office for Interoperability and Compatibility, specifically, the VoIP Working Group . The working group has broken down the problem of moving public safety communications audio over data (usually TCP/IP)\",\n \"title\": \"Bridging Systems Interface\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"970680\",\n \"text\": \"MGCP. An SCCP client uses TCP/IP to communicate with one or more Call Manager applications in a cluster. It uses the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) over UDP-transport for the bearer traffic (real-time audio stream) with other Skinny clients or an H.323 terminal. SCCP is a stimulus-based protocol and is designed as a communications protocol for hardware endpoints and other embedded systems, with significant CPU and memory constraints. Some Cisco analog media gateways, such as the VG248 gateway, register and communicate with Cisco Unified Communications Manager using SCCP. Cisco acquired SCCP technology when it acquired Selsius Corporation in 1998. For this\",\n \"title\": \"Skinny Call Control Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2988916\",\n \"text\": \"Maximum segment size The maximum segment size (MSS) is a parameter of the \\\"options\\\" field of the TCP header that specifies the largest amount of data, specified in bytes, that a computer or communications device can receive in a single TCP segment. It does not count the TCP header or the IP header (unlike, for example, the MTU for IP datagrams). The IP datagram containing a TCP segment may be self-contained within a single packet, or it may be reconstructed from several fragmented pieces; either way, the MSS limit applies to the total amount of data contained in the final,\",\n \"title\": \"Maximum segment size\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491738\",\n \"text\": \"the bandwidth (capacity) of covert channels are also presented. The work paves the way for future research. Focusing on the IP and TCP headers of TCP/IP Protocol suite, an article published by Craig Rowland devises proper encoding and decoding techniques by utilizing the IP identification field, the TCP initial sequence number and acknowledge sequence number fields. These techniques are implemented in a simple utility written for Linux systems running version 2.0 kernels. Rowland provides a proof of concept as well as practical encoding and decoding techniques for exploitation of covert channels using the TCP/IP protocol suite. These techniques are analyzed\",\n \"title\": \"Covert channel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"173002\",\n \"text\": \"a totally integrated communications infrastructure to the NASA scientific community for the advancement of earth, space and life sciences. As a high-speed, multiprotocol, international network, NSI provided connectivity to over 20,000 scientists across all seven continents. In 1981 NSF supported the development of the Computer Science Network (CSNET). CSNET connected with ARPANET using TCP/IP, and ran TCP/IP over X.25, but it also supported departments without sophisticated network connections, using automated dial-up mail exchange. In 1986, the NSF created NSFNET, a 56 kbit/s backbone to support the NSF-sponsored supercomputing centers. The NSFNET also provided support for the creation of regional research\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Internet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"206775\",\n \"text\": \"multi-connection TCP for ham radio applications) starting in 1985. The spread of TCP/IP was fueled further in June 1989, when the University of California, Berkeley agreed to place the TCP/IP code developed for BSD UNIX into the public domain. Various vendors, including IBM, included this code in their own TCP/IP stacks. Microsoft released a native TCP/IP stack in Windows 95. This event was a little late in the evolution of the Internet, but it cemented TCP/IP's dominance over other protocols, which began to lose ground. These protocols included IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA), Digital Equipment Corporation's DECnet, Open Systems Interconnection\",\n \"title\": \"Internet protocol suite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5496044\",\n \"text\": \"protocol guaranteed error-free communications for all activities, not just file transfers. FCP could run on several different physical layers, starting with modems and AppleTalk, and later adding Novell's IPX and TCP/IP. Both the client and server could communicate over any of these links, allowing a user to move from office to home and have access to the same server. FCP was based on a sliding window protocol, using a wide variety of packet sizes tuned to different networking protocols. Later versions of FCP could turn off their own error correction systems when running over error-free links like TCP/IP. FCP also\",\n \"title\": \"FirstClass\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4512605\",\n \"text\": \"NetBIOS over TCP/IP NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT, or sometimes NetBT) is a networking protocol that allows legacy computer applications relying on the NetBIOS API to be used on modern TCP/IP networks. NetBIOS was developed in the early 1980s, targeting very small networks (about a dozen computers). Some applications still use NetBIOS, and do not scale well in today's networks of hundreds of computers when NetBIOS is run over NBF. When properly configured, NBT allows those applications to be run on large TCP/IP networks (including the whole Internet, although that is likely to be subject to security problems) without change. NBT\",\n \"title\": \"NetBIOS over TCP/IP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2492376\",\n \"text\": \"to the tunnelling overhead, NetWare/IP was largely ignored except as a mechanism to route IPX through TCP/IP-only routers and WAN links. NetWare 5.x introduced native support for NCP over TCP/IP, which is now the preferred configuration. The successor to NetWare, Open Enterprise Server, comes in two flavors: OES-NetWare, which provides legacy support for IPX/SPX (deprecated), and OES-Linux, which only supports TCP/IP. Both Microsoft and Novell have provided support (through Proxy Server/ISA Server and BorderManager, respectively) for IPX/SPX as an intranet protocol to communicate through a firewall. This allows a machine using client software to access the Internet without having TCP/IP\",\n \"title\": \"IPX/SPX\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"190364\",\n \"text\": \"(LAN) or a dial-up connection. The model, also known as TCP/IP, is designed to be independent of the underlying hardware used for the physical connections, which the model does not concern itself with in any detail. Other models have been developed, such as the OSI model, that attempt to be comprehensive in every aspect of communications. While many similarities exist between the models, they are not compatible in the details of description or implementation. Yet, TCP/IP protocols are usually included in the discussion of OSI networking. The most prominent component of the Internet model is the Internet Protocol (IP), which\",\n \"title\": \"Internet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1794696\",\n \"text\": \"service of the network itself. The ARPANET was the first large-scale general-purpose packet switching network implementing several of the basic notions previously touched on by Baran and Davies, and demonstrating several important aspects of the end-to-end principle: Internet Protocol (IP) is a connectionless datagram service with no delivery guarantees. On the internet, IP is used for nearly all communications. End-to-end acknowledgment and retransmission is the responsibility of the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which sits on top of IP. The functional split between IP and TCP exemplifies proper application of the end-to-end principle to transport protocol design. An example of\",\n \"title\": \"End-to-end principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5156741\",\n \"text\": \"which implemented TCP-IP and DECnet, emerged as a global connection between these packet-based Ethernet LANs. Over time, when terminals became less popular, terminal emulators had a built-in LAT client. Most Linux distributions offer a client and server \\\"lat\\\" package, that can easily be installed via a package manager. This allows e.g. to access a local area network server while being connected to a corporate VPN network that would otherwise block local TCP/IP traffic. Local Area Transport Local Area Transport (LAT) is a non-routable (Data Link Layer) networking technology developed by Digital Equipment Corporation to provide connection between the DECserver 90,\",\n \"title\": \"Local Area Transport\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"173008\",\n \"text\": \"side of the UUCP Usenet network (much of which ran over X.25 links) over to TCP/IP. In 1987, Ben Segal had met with Len Bosack from the then still small company Cisco about purchasing some TCP/IP routers for CERN, and was able to give Karrenberg advice and forward him on to Cisco for the appropriate hardware. This expanded the European portion of the Internet across the existing UUCP networks, and in 1989 CERN opened its first external TCP/IP connections. This coincided with the creation of Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE), initially a group of IP network administrators who met regularly to\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Internet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491740\",\n \"text\": \"authors in academia published more work on covert channels in the TCP/IP protocol suite, including a plethora of countermeasures ranging from statistical approaches to machine learning. The research on network covert channels overlaps with the domain of network steganography, which emerged later. Covert channel In computer security, a covert channel is a type of attack that creates a capability to transfer information objects between processes that are not supposed to be allowed to communicate by the computer security policy. The term, originated in 1973 by Lampson, is defined as channels \\\"not intended for information transfer at all, such as the\",\n \"title\": \"Covert channel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14629152\",\n \"text\": \"include: Standard IP data – currently up to two channels per aircraft; Up to 432 kbit/s per channel over a high-gain antenna and up to 332 kbit/s over an intermediate gain antenna Streaming IP data on demand at 32, 64, 128, 256, 384, and 650 kbit/s which can be combined for higher rates; simultaneous voice and high-speed data; packet-switched data (TCP/IP) and ISDN; circuit-switched voice and VoIP. In October 2013 Inmarsat announced the launch of its new SwiftBroadband High Data Rate (HDR) streaming service for the aviation market which provides a guaranteed bandwidth (QoS) of est. 650 kbit/s. It further\",\n \"title\": \"SwiftBroadband\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1278029\",\n \"text\": \"Channel Fabrics and supports many upper level protocols. Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) is a transport protocol that predominantly transports SCSI commands over Fibre Channel networks. Mainframe computers run the FICON command set over Fibre Channel because of its high reliability and throughput. Fibre Channel can be used to transport data from storage systems that use solid-state flash memory storage medium by transporting NVMe protocol commands. When the technology was originally devised, it ran over optical fiber cables only and, as such, was called \\\"Fiber Channel\\\". Later, the ability to run over copper cabling was added to the specification. In order\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7525255\",\n \"text\": \"which are used by businesses and government for transfer of critical electronic data. Connect:Direct supports the patented FASP™ transfer technology protocol originally developed by Aspera Software (an IBM company as of 2014). FASP (Fast And Secure Protocol) adds proprietary network congestion and packet recovery logic on top of UDP, which results in extremely fast transfers that do not interfere with TCP/IP network traffic. (Except UDP/IP and TCP/IP sharing the same IP network and competing for the same resources.) In the mid-1980s, several employees of UCC (University Computing Company subsequently renamed to Uccel Corporation) left to form \\\"The System Center, Inc.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Connect:Direct\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18747550\",\n \"text\": \"mainframe Terminal Emulators and e-mail programs. The background communications of these programs would continue while the programs were swapped out. HeadRoom would reactivate the swapped-out programs when activity occurred on the NETBIOS or TCP/IP sockets. In October 1989, Helix Software released HeadRoom v2.0 which included support for Microsoft Windows and LIM EMS v4.0. Starting in March 1990, this version of HeadRoom was bundled with AST Research RAMpage, RAMpage Plus and SixPack memory expansion boards. In June 1990, Helix Software licensed technology from Headroom to Digital Communications Associates for use with their IRMA boards and IRMALan software. In January 1991, Helix\",\n \"title\": \"Helix HeadRoom\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9526001\",\n \"text\": \"MacIP MacIP refers to a standard for encapsulating Internet Protocol (IP) packets within the AppleTalk DDP protocol. This allows Macintosh computers with LocalTalk networking hardware to access the normally Ethernet-based connections for TCP/IP based network services. This was an important bridging technology during the era when Ethernet and TCP/IP were rapidly growing in popularity in the early 1990s. Software implementing MacIP, such as MacTCP or Open Transport, was installed on the computer and a MacIP Gateway was placed elsewhere on the network. Applications that communicate with TCP/IP (such as Telnet) have their IP packets encapsulated in DDP for transmission across\",\n \"title\": \"MacIP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4512619\",\n \"text\": \"the count of all NetBIOS names resolved by broadcast and querying a WINS server.<br> nbtstat -R: purges and reloads the remote cache name table. <br> nbtstat -RR: sends name release packets to WINs and then starts Refresh. <br> nbtstat -s: lists the current NetBIOS sessions and their status, including statistics. <br> nbtstat -S: lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses. NetBIOS over TCP/IP NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT, or sometimes NetBT) is a networking protocol that allows legacy computer applications relying on the NetBIOS API to be used on modern TCP/IP networks. NetBIOS was developed in the early 1980s, targeting\",\n \"title\": \"NetBIOS over TCP/IP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"448534\",\n \"text\": \"the native Linux TCP/IP stack. IBM recommends that z/VSE customers run Linux on z Systems alongside, on the same physical system, to provide another 64-bit application environment that can access and extend z/VSE applications and data via Hipersockets using a wide variety of middleware. CICS, one of the most popular enterprise transaction processing systems, is extremely popular among z/VSE users and now supports recent innovations such as Web services. DB2 is also available and popular. z/VSE supports ECKD as well as SCSI devices. Fibre Channel access to SCSI storage devices was initially supported by z/VSE 3.1 on a limited basis\",\n \"title\": \"VSE (operating system)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4150059\",\n \"text\": \"Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression is a data compression protocol described in RFC 1144, specifically designed by Van Jacobson to improve TCP/IP performance over slow serial links. Van Jacobson compression reduces the normal 40 byte TCP/IP packet headers down to 3-4 bytes for the average case. It does this by saving the state of TCP connections at both ends of a link, and only sending the differences in the header fields that change. This makes a very big difference for interactive performance on low speed links, although it will not do anything about the processing\",\n \"title\": \"Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10288572\",\n \"text\": \"Intel Active Management Technology Intel Active Management Technology (AMT) is hardware and firmware technology for remote out-of-band management of personal computers, running on the Intel Management Engine, a separate microprocessor not exposed to the user, in order to monitor, maintain, update, upgrade, and repair them. Out-of-band (OOB) or hardware-based management is different from software-based (or in-band) management and software management agents. Hardware-based management works at a different level from software applications, and uses a communication channel (through the TCP/IP stack) that is different from software-based communication (which is through the software stack in the operating system). Hardware-based management does not\",\n \"title\": \"Intel Active Management Technology\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6214541\",\n \"text\": \"Transaction Capabilities Application Part Transaction Capabilities Application Part, from ITU-T recommendations Q.771-Q.775 or ANSI T1.114 is a protocol for Signalling System 7 networks. Its primary purpose is to facilitate multiple concurrent dialogs between the same sub-systems on the same machines, using Transaction IDs to differentiate these, similar to the way TCP ports facilitate multiplexing connections between the same IP addresses on the Internet. TCAP uses ASN.1 BER encoding, as well as the protocols it encapsulates, namely MAP in mobile phone networks or INAP in Intelligent Networks. TCAP messages are sent over the wire between machines. TCAP primitives are sent between\",\n \"title\": \"Transaction Capabilities Application Part\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"818023\",\n \"text\": \"for IP communications. The fax machine may be a standard device connected to an analog telephone adapter (ATA), or it may be a software application or dedicated network device operating via an Ethernet interface. Originally, T.38 was designed to use UDP or TCP transmission methods across an IP network. UDP provides near real-time characteristics due to the \\\"no recovery rule\\\" when a UDP packet is lost or an error occurs during transmission. Some newer high end fax machines have built-in T.38 capabilities which are connected directly to a network switch or router. In T.38 each packet contains a portion of\",\n \"title\": \"Voice over IP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5714587\",\n \"text\": \"a firewall can usually handle the attack and is unaffected. A distributed denial of service attack is when communication requests come from multiple computers, greatly increasing the number of requests over a regular denial of service attack. Some other types of DOS attacks include Ping of Death, Teardrop, Ping Flooding, and Amplification attacks. TCP/IP Hijacking TCP/IP Hijacking is another way that uses spoofed packets to take over a connection between the victim and a host machine. This technique is mainly used to collect passwords when a host machine uses a password to be connected to. When this type of attack\",\n \"title\": \"Hacking: The Art of Exploitation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3662947\",\n \"text\": \"router-based queuing schemes are limited to a small number of classes and only allow one-dimensional classification. Because it operates at the IP network layer, CBQ provides the same benefits across any Layer 2 technology and is equally effective with any IP protocol, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It also operates with any client or server TCP/IP stack variation, since it takes advantage of standard TCP/IP flow control mechanisms to control end-to-end traffic. An implementation is available under the GNU General Public License for the Linux kernel. Class-based queueing Class-based queuing (CBQ) is a queuing\",\n \"title\": \"Class-based queueing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9526004\",\n \"text\": \"as a standard and has subsequently expired. Apple subsequently developed a new protocol AppleShare IP which is not backwardly compatible. MacIP MacIP refers to a standard for encapsulating Internet Protocol (IP) packets within the AppleTalk DDP protocol. This allows Macintosh computers with LocalTalk networking hardware to access the normally Ethernet-based connections for TCP/IP based network services. This was an important bridging technology during the era when Ethernet and TCP/IP were rapidly growing in popularity in the early 1990s. Software implementing MacIP, such as MacTCP or Open Transport, was installed on the computer and a MacIP Gateway was placed elsewhere on\",\n \"title\": \"MacIP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19682919\",\n \"text\": \"NDI support from vendors including EVS and Avid.<ref name=\\\"https://www.newtek.com/blog/avid\\\">https://www.newtek.com/blog/avid/</ref> NDI was designed to work on good quality gigabit local area networks using TCP and Bonjour (mDNS) technologies. In order to work across subnets which don't pass mDNS, NDI supports a mechanism known as NDI Access which allows manual entry of the IP address of machines on other subnet which may be running NDI sources. Some NDI adopters have run the protocol across medium distance Fibre connections up to 15 km, although NDI's use of the TCP protocol make it less suitable for longer distance, high latency connections due to factors\",\n \"title\": \"Network Device Interface\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13357775\",\n \"text\": \"programming feed, while a more customized use of content can be sent through the interactive channel. Brazilian proposal for the interactivity channel is focused on flexibility and is based on TCP/IP protocol. Receiver shall have an USB interface for an external Modem connection. This is adequate to comply with an existing telecomm infrastructure of multiple technologies and is also open for future innovations. Also, the standard allows for many different possible ways of connecting a receiver device to a network, and use it as an interactivity channel. Future technologies in communications can be easily integrated in the proposed system. These\",\n \"title\": \"ABNT NBR 15607\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7118791\",\n \"text\": \"as input to the script generator (ITPSGEN), which produces scripts: The \\\"TCP/IP script generator\\\" is unique to WSim and was introduced in December 2015. It processes a TCP/IP trace dataset produced by the WSim-supplied TCP/IP Trace Utility (ITPIPTRX), which invokes the z/OS Communication Server real-time, application-controlled TCP/IP trace Network Management Interface (NMI) to capture TCP/IP data trace records. These trace records contain HTTP messages (packets and data) exchanged between a server and client. The TCP/IP script generator (ITPIPGEN) then processes this trace dataset and creates a script, in the STL language, which replicates the communication that occurred between the server\",\n \"title\": \"IBM TPNS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793437\",\n \"text\": \"offload (from the CPU) the low level frame processing and SCSI protocol functions traditionally performed by Fibre Channel host bus adapters. The main application of FCoE is in data center storage area networks (SANs). FCoE has particular application in data centers due to the cabling reduction it makes possible, as well as in server virtualization applications, which often require many physical I/O connections per server. With FCoE, network (IP) and storage (SAN) data traffic can be consolidated using a single network. This consolidation can: FCoE is encapsulated over Ethernet with the use of a dedicated Ethertype, 0x8906. A single 4-bit\",\n \"title\": \"Fibre Channel over Ethernet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4150060\",\n \"text\": \"delay inherent to most dialup modems. Van Jacobson Header Compression (also VJ compression, or just Header Compression) is an option in most versions of PPP. Versions of Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) with VJ compression are often called CSLIP (Compressed SLIP). Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression is a data compression protocol described in RFC 1144, specifically designed by Van Jacobson to improve TCP/IP performance over slow serial links. Van Jacobson compression reduces the normal 40 byte TCP/IP packet headers down to 3-4 bytes for the average case. It does this by saving the state of\",\n \"title\": \"Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"173034\",\n \"text\": \"planets, or because space weather disrupts the connection. Under such conditions, DTN retransmits data packages instead of dropping them, as the standard TCP/IP Internet Protocol does. NASA conducted the first field test of what it calls the \\\"deep space internet\\\" in November 2008. Testing of DTN-based communications between the International Space Station and Earth (now termed Disruption-Tolerant Networking) has been ongoing since March 2009, and is scheduled to continue until March 2014. This network technology is supposed to ultimately enable missions that involve multiple spacecraft where reliable inter-vessel communication might take precedence over vessel-to-earth downlinks. According to a February 2011\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Internet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9845231\",\n \"text\": \"made MIL-STD-1777 and RFC 791 true icons in an era where communications are much used and little understood. Defining text relates to the interconnecting of DoD Sub-nets; \\\"The Internet Protocol (IP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are mandatory for use in all DoD packet switching networks which connect or have the potential for utilizing connectivity across network or subnetwork boundaries. Network elements (hosts, front-ends, bus interface units, gateways. etc.) within such networks which are to be used for internetting shall implement TCP/IP. The term network as used herein includes Local Area Networks (LANs) but not integrated weapon systems. Use\",\n \"title\": \"MIL-STD-1777\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3752957\",\n \"text\": \"does not support Mac clients. Windows NT 3.5 includes integrated Winsock and TCP/IP support. (Its predecessor, Windows NT 3.1, only includes an incomplete implementation of TCP/IP based on the AT&T UNIX System V \\\"STREAMS\\\" API.) TCP/IP and IPX/SPX stacks in Windows NT 3.5 are rewritten. NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) support as a compatibility layer for TCP/IP was introduced as also the Microsoft DHCP and WINS clients and DHCP and WINS servers. Windows NT 3.5 can share files via the File Transfer Protocol, and printers through the Line Printer Daemon protocol. It can act as a Gopher, HTTP, or WAIS server,<ref\",\n \"title\": \"Windows NT 3.5\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4344096\",\n \"text\": \"Brooks set out in April 1994 to create a fully graphic, multifont web browser for home PC users. SlipKnot version 1.0 was completed and released as shareware in November 1994, thus making it the first purchasable browser on the market. Its name is a play on the term slip knot (a type of knot) against SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) -- an early version of TCP/IP over modem lines—and not after the fact that, unlike Mosaic and Netscape browser offerings, a SLIP connection was not necessary to view graphical web content. SlipKnot was given the Best Communications Shareware Program of\",\n \"title\": \"SlipKnot (web browser)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"201420\",\n \"text\": \"other footer after the data section. Typically the link layer encapsulates IP packets in frames with a CRC footer that detects most errors, and typically the end-to-end TCP layer checksum detects most other errors. The IPv4 packet header consists of 14 fields, of which 13 are required. The 14th field is optional and aptly named: options. The fields in the header are packed with the most significant byte first (big endian), and for the diagram and discussion, the most significant bits are considered to come first (MSB 0 bit numbering). The most significant bit is numbered 0, so the version\",\n \"title\": \"IPv4\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"838876\",\n \"text\": \"level links to TCP/IP were added via the IETF RFC 1006 (OSI over IP) and RFC 1859 (NSP over IP) standards \\\"(see diagram)\\\". It was later renamed DECnet/OSI to emphasize its OSI interconnectibility, and subsequently DECnet-Plus as TCP/IP protocols were incorporated. DEC's internal corporate network was a DECnet network called Easynet, which had evolved from DEC's Engineering Net (E-NET). It included over 2,000 nodes as of 1984, 15,000 nodes (in 39 countries) as of 1987, and 54,000 nodes as of 1990. DECnet was used at various scientific research centers which linked their networks to form an international network called the\",\n \"title\": \"DECnet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15937829\",\n \"text\": \"was determined that the internetworking design that was being used was becoming unwieldy and it did not exactly follow the layered approach of the OSI Model. This led to the splitting of the original TCP and the creation of the TCP/IP architecture - TCP now standing for Transmission Control Protocol and IP standing for Internet Protocol. Packet networks came about as a result of the need in the early 1960s to make communications networks more reliable. It can be viewed as the implementation of the layered model using a packet structure. Early commercial networks were composed of dedicated, analog circuits\",\n \"title\": \"Packet processing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16423685\",\n \"text\": \"powerful and light open source framework (based on FreeRTOS) that manages the TCP/IP software stack, the user application and the integrated \\\"web server\\\"'. Flyport is available in 3 pin compatible versions: Flyport system on module is based on Microchip Technology PIC24 low power processor. It is used to connect and control systems over Internet through an embedded customizable web server or the standard TCP/IP services. The integrated microcontroller runs the customer application, so no host processor is needed. The pinout is very flexible since it is customizable by software. Flyport can connect with several cloud servers such as Evrthng, Xively,\",\n \"title\": \"OpenPicus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"846752\",\n \"text\": \"request or response beyond what is required for proxy authentication and identification\\\". \\\"A 'non-transparent proxy' is a proxy that modifies the request or response in order to provide some added service to the user agent, such as group annotation services, media type transformation, protocol reduction, or anonymity filtering\\\". TCP Intercept is a traffic filtering security feature that protects TCP servers from TCP SYN flood attacks, which are a type of denial-of-service attack. TCP Intercept is available for IP traffic only. In 2009 a security flaw in the way that transparent proxies operate was published by Robert Auger, and the Computer\",\n \"title\": \"Proxy server\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":77,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"78"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who was president during attack on pearl harbor"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["President Franklin D. Roosevelt"],"string":"[\n \"President Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"703918","text":"Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, \"a date which will live in infamy\". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"4019653","text":"Harbor during the attack, and called Clausen's investigation \"notoriously unreliable\" in several aspects. Some authors argue that US President Roosevelt was actively provoking Japan in the weeks prior to the Pearl Harbor attack. These authors assert that Roosevelt was imminently expecting and seeking war, but wanted Japan to take the first overtly aggressive action. One perspective is given by Rear Admiral Frank Edmund Beatty Jr., who at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack was an aide to the Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox and was very close to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's inner circle, remarked that: Another \"eye","title":"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory"},{"docid":"2494088","text":"analysis or judgment. One exception to his general approach is \"Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its Aftermath\", about the Pearl Harbor attack and its subsequent investigation, where he presented evidence that President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew in advance of plans to attack the naval base but remained silent. The book was widely criticized at the time, and today the majority of historians reject the Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory. While predominantly a writer of nonfiction, Toland also wrote two historical novels, \"Gods of War\" and \"Occupation\". He says in his 1997 autobiography that he earned little money from his prize-winner \"The","title":"John Toland (historian)"},{"docid":"703918","text":"Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, \"a date which will live in infamy\". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"11061322","text":"against Germany and Italy still remained quite high with 80% disapproval. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. After two hours of bombing, 18 U.S. ships were sunk or damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, and 2,403 men were killed. The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of the 77th United States Congress. Roosevelt called December 7 \"a date which will live in infamy\". Congress declared war on the Empire of Japan amid outrage at the attack, the deaths of thousands of Americans,","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"13043854","text":"Territory, without warning and without a declaration of war, killing 2,403 Americans, and injuring 1,178 others. The attack sank four U.S. Navy battleships and damaged four others. It also damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, and one minelayer. Aircraft losses were 188 destroyed and 159 damaged. Canada declared war on Japan within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the first Western nation to do so. On December 8, the United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II on the side of the Allies. In a speech to Congress, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the bombing of Pearl","title":"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day"},{"docid":"19334720","text":"agriculture. America entered World War 2 on December 8, 1941, after a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Many Americans were reluctant to enter another European war, and preferred a non-interventionist policy towards it. However, the devastating and unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor, which was described by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a date that will live in infamy, changed public opinion. Upon America's entrance into the war, Disney was contracted to produce propaganda pieces to gain support for the war and aid recruitment. This was often done through the use of Anti-Nazi propaganda – public opinion polls at the time","title":"Food Will Win the War"},{"docid":"3998952","text":"\"III – The Opening of Hostilities\". They decided not to issue a proper declaration of war anyway as they feared that doing so would expose the possible leak of the secret operation to the Americans. Some conspiracy theorists charged that President Franklin D. Roosevelt willingly allowed the attack to happen in order to create a pretext for war, but no credible evidence supports that claim. The day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan declared war on the U.S. and the U.S. declared war on Japan in response the same day. Simultaneously with the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December","title":"Japanese war crimes"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"703918\",\n \"text\": \"Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, \\\"a date which will live in infamy\\\". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4019653\",\n \"text\": \"Harbor during the attack, and called Clausen's investigation \\\"notoriously unreliable\\\" in several aspects. Some authors argue that US President Roosevelt was actively provoking Japan in the weeks prior to the Pearl Harbor attack. These authors assert that Roosevelt was imminently expecting and seeking war, but wanted Japan to take the first overtly aggressive action. One perspective is given by Rear Admiral Frank Edmund Beatty Jr., who at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack was an aide to the Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox and was very close to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's inner circle, remarked that: Another \\\"eye\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2494088\",\n \"text\": \"analysis or judgment. One exception to his general approach is \\\"Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its Aftermath\\\", about the Pearl Harbor attack and its subsequent investigation, where he presented evidence that President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew in advance of plans to attack the naval base but remained silent. The book was widely criticized at the time, and today the majority of historians reject the Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory. While predominantly a writer of nonfiction, Toland also wrote two historical novels, \\\"Gods of War\\\" and \\\"Occupation\\\". He says in his 1997 autobiography that he earned little money from his prize-winner \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"John Toland (historian)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"703918\",\n \"text\": \"Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, \\\"a date which will live in infamy\\\". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11061322\",\n \"text\": \"against Germany and Italy still remained quite high with 80% disapproval. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. After two hours of bombing, 18 U.S. ships were sunk or damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, and 2,403 men were killed. The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of the 77th United States Congress. Roosevelt called December 7 \\\"a date which will live in infamy\\\". Congress declared war on the Empire of Japan amid outrage at the attack, the deaths of thousands of Americans,\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13043854\",\n \"text\": \"Territory, without warning and without a declaration of war, killing 2,403 Americans, and injuring 1,178 others. The attack sank four U.S. Navy battleships and damaged four others. It also damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, and one minelayer. Aircraft losses were 188 destroyed and 159 damaged. Canada declared war on Japan within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the first Western nation to do so. On December 8, the United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II on the side of the Allies. In a speech to Congress, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the bombing of Pearl\",\n \"title\": \"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19334720\",\n \"text\": \"agriculture. America entered World War 2 on December 8, 1941, after a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Many Americans were reluctant to enter another European war, and preferred a non-interventionist policy towards it. However, the devastating and unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor, which was described by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a date that will live in infamy, changed public opinion. Upon America's entrance into the war, Disney was contracted to produce propaganda pieces to gain support for the war and aid recruitment. This was often done through the use of Anti-Nazi propaganda – public opinion polls at the time\",\n \"title\": \"Food Will Win the War\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3998952\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"III – The Opening of Hostilities\\\". They decided not to issue a proper declaration of war anyway as they feared that doing so would expose the possible leak of the secret operation to the Americans. Some conspiracy theorists charged that President Franklin D. Roosevelt willingly allowed the attack to happen in order to create a pretext for war, but no credible evidence supports that claim. The day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan declared war on the U.S. and the U.S. declared war on Japan in response the same day. Simultaneously with the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese war crimes\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"20702455","text":"after taking office, Navy Secretary Knox wrote an overview memo which specifically noted the possibility of an attack at Pearl Harbor. However, neither observation led to formal policy recommendations to forestall such an attack. Admiral James O. Richardson, who was fired by President Roosevelt for complaining about the President's order to station the Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor instead of its normal berthing on the U.S. West Coast, blamed the President for the \"initial defeats in the Pacific\" as \"direct, real and personal.\" Richardson believed stationing the fleet in Pearl Harbor made the ships extremely vulnerable against attack and provided","title":"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941"},{"docid":"7590294","text":"adopted. A scholarship was open to any U.S. citizen who is a direct descendant of a PHSA member or deceased member, including step or adopted children. On December 7, 2011, during the 70th anniversary ceremony in Hawaii of the attack on Pearl Harbor (\"Pearl Harbor Day\"), William Muehleib, the President of the PHSA, announced that due to the ages and health of the 2,700 members, the executive board had decided to terminate the corporate association as of December 31 of that year. The \"Pearl Harbor-Gram\" closed its membership in February 2012. However, informal social and local activities involving Pearl Harbor","title":"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association"},{"docid":"13043852","text":"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, also referred to as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day or Pearl Harbor Day, is observed annually in the United States on December 7, to remember and honor the 2,403 citizens of the United States who were killed in the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. On August 23, 1994, the United States Congress, by , designated December 7 of each year as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day. On November 29, President Bill Clinton issued a proclamation declaring December 7, 1994, the first National Pearl Harbor","title":"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day"},{"docid":"962505","text":"after the bombs began falling, and did not receive the first official notification of the attack until several hours after the attack ended. The scene following the attack on Pearl Harbor, where President Roosevelt demands an immediate retaliatory strike on the soil of Japan, did not happen as portrayed in the film. Admiral Chester Nimitz and General George Marshall are seen denying the possibility of an aerial attack on Japan, but in real life they actually advocated such a strike. Another inconsistency in this scene is when President Roosevelt (who was at this time in his life, stricken and bound","title":"Pearl Harbor (film)"},{"docid":"703914","text":"Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning. Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"20702459","text":"in Hawaii. Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941 Several reports prior to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 indicated that the base was vulnerable to attack. This has sometimes been noted in Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theories. In 1925, Gen. Billy Mitchell published a report called Winged Defense revealing the vulnerability of Pearl Harbor to a surprise air attack. Mitchell predicted that such an attack would effectively neutralize the Pacific fleet as part of a Japanese invasion of the Philippines. Two mock air attacks on Pearl Harbor during war games in the 1930s were judged to have been a","title":"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941"},{"docid":"20702454","text":"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941 Several reports prior to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 indicated that the base was vulnerable to attack. This has sometimes been noted in Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theories. In 1925, Gen. Billy Mitchell published a report called Winged Defense revealing the vulnerability of Pearl Harbor to a surprise air attack. Mitchell predicted that such an attack would effectively neutralize the Pacific fleet as part of a Japanese invasion of the Philippines. Two mock air attacks on Pearl Harbor during war games in the 1930s were judged to have been a success. Shortly","title":"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941"},{"docid":"3700332","text":"summer of 1985 \"Tautog\" joined the attack submarine in hosting prospective commanding officer operations. In October 1985, \"Tautog\" left Pearl Harbor for a Western Pacific and Indian Ocean deployment, visiting Guam; Singapore (for Christmas); Diego Garcia twice; Perth, Australia; the Philippines; and Chinhae, South Korea. On her return to Pearl Harbor \"Tautog\" picked up an Operational Reactor Safeguard Examination team. During the Tautog's time in Subic Bay, Ferdinand Marcos was deposed as President of the Philippines and Corazon Aquino was declared the new president. Tautog finished its refit and continued on to finish its WestPac. Once back in Pearl Harbor","title":"USS Tautog (SSN-639)"},{"docid":"7590299","text":"REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR - DECEMBER 7, 1941 - ACT OF CONGRESS 1990<br> Back side (Eagle): FOR THOSE WHO SERVED - \"A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY\" Pearl Harbor Survivors Association The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally. The PHSA,","title":"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association"},{"docid":"2232175","text":"the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. A scant month before the Pearl Harbor attack, the plan was scotched by U.S. Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall. After Pearl Harbor, Chiang appointed Soong Minister of Foreign Affairs, though Soong remained in Washington to manage the alliance with both the U.S. and the U.K. During his tenure as Finance Minister, he managed to balance China's budget, no small accomplishment. He resigned in 1933, displeased with Chiang Kai-shek's appeasement of Japan and attempts to placate Japanese aggression. He later returned to service as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1942–1945), and as President","title":"T. V. Soong"},{"docid":"10992389","text":"approved a \"war against United States, Great Britain and Holland\" during another Imperial Conference, to commence with a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at its main forward base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On February 3, 1940, Yamamoto briefed Captain Kanji Ogawa of Naval Intelligence on the potential attack plan, asking him to start intelligence gathering on Pearl Harbor. Ogawa already had spies in Hawaii, including Japanese Consular officials with an intelligence remit, and he arranged for help from a German already living in Hawaii who was an \"Abwehr\" agent. None had been providing much militarily useful information. He","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"60184","text":"flown into Pearl Harbor from Hamilton Field, California, arriving during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Leonard \"Smitty\" Smith Humiston, co-pilot on First Lieutenant Robert H. Richards' B-17C, AAF S/N \"40-2049\", reported that he thought the U.S. Navy was giving the flight a 21-gun salute to celebrate the arrival of the bombers, after which he realized that Pearl Harbor was under attack. The Fortress came under fire from Japanese fighter aircraft, though the crew was unharmed with the exception of one member who suffered an abrasion on his hand. Enemy activity forced them to divert from Hickam Field to Bellows Field.","title":"Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress"},{"docid":"13043856","text":"that day against the attack. The medal was also awarded to civilians who were killed or injured in the attack. A few years later, Congress amended the law to allow any person who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and was involved in combat operations against Japanese military forces attacking Hawaii, to receive the award. In both instances, there was a limited time period to apply for the award, and it is no longer issued. National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, also referred to as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day or Pearl Harbor Day, is","title":"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day"},{"docid":"11061342","text":"in east Asia and the western Pacific when VJ Day arrived. President Roosevelt appointed the Roberts Commission, headed by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts, to investigate and report facts and findings with respect to the attack on Pearl Harbor. It was the first of many official investigations (nine in all). Both the Fleet commander, Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, and the Army commander, Lieutenant General Walter Short (the Army had been responsible for air defense of Hawaii, including Pearl Harbor, and for general defense of the islands against hostile attack), were relieved of their commands shortly thereafter. They were","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"703973","text":"of Pearl to air attack. At least two naval war games, one in 1932 and another in 1936, proved that Pearl was vulnerable to such an attack. Admiral James Richardson was removed from command shortly after protesting President Roosevelt's decision to move the bulk of the Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor. The decisions of military and political leadership to ignore these warnings has contributed to conspiracy theories. Several writers, including journalist Robert Stinnett and former United States Rear Admiral Robert Alfred Theobald, have argued that various parties high in the U.S. and British governments knew of the attack in advance","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"3998954","text":"Pearl Harbor not only happened without a declaration of war but was also a treacherous and deceitful act. In fact, Japan and the U.S. were still negotiating for a possible peace agreement which kept U.S. officials very distracted when Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor. Keenan explained the definition of a war of aggression and the criminality of the attack on Pearl Harbor: Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor, was fully aware that if Japan lost the war, he would be tried as a war criminal for that attack (although he was killed by the United States","title":"Japanese war crimes"},{"docid":"12962344","text":"a main base for the US Pacific Fleet after World War II along with Naval Base San Diego. In 2010, the Navy and the Air Force merged their two nearby bases; Pearl Harbor joined with Hickam Air Force Base to create Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam. On February 18, 2016, a tourist helicopter fell into Pearl Harbor, injuring four people; one person was missing and is thought to be dead. In December 2016, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe made a joint visit to Pearl Harbor with US President Barack Obama. This trip marked the 75 year anniversary of the attack, and","title":"Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"6891675","text":"USS Weeden (DE-797) USS \"Weeden\" (DE-797) was a in the United States Navy. She was named for Ensign Carl A. Weeden (1916–1941), who was killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor. \"Weeden\" was laid down on 18 August 1943 at Orange, Texas, by the Consolidated Steel Corporation; launched on 27 October 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Alice N. Weeden; and commissioned on 19 February 1944, with Lieutenant Commander C. F. Tillinghast, Jr., in command. Named for Ensign Carl A. Weeden (1916–1941), who was killed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor while serving on USS \"Arizona\", the ship was launched on","title":"USS Weeden (DE-797)"},{"docid":"139023","text":"increasingly defected from the Republican Party during the 1930s and 1940s, becoming an important Democratic voting bloc in several Northern states. The attack on Pearl Harbor raised concerns in the public regarding the possibility of sabotage by Japanese Americans. This suspicion was fed by long-standing racism against Japanese immigrants, as well as the findings of the Roberts Commission, which concluded that the attack on Pearl Harbor had been assisted by Japanese spies. On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which relocated hundreds of thousands of the Japanese-American citizens and immigrants. They were forced to liquidate their properties","title":"Franklin D. Roosevelt"},{"docid":"703963","text":"Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked\". Throughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda. One further consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau incident) was that Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to nearby Japanese-American internment camps. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"11061335","text":"into the war at a time when he had not yet acquired full control of continental Europe — on the very day of the Pearl Harbor attack, Hitler himself had issued his Nacht und Nebel decree, concerning the suppression of resistance activities within Nazi-occupied lands. Hitler, who had previously declared the Japanese \"Honorary Aryans\" claimed that \"this is what happens when your allies are not Anglo-Saxons\". However, he decided war with the United States was unavoidable, and the Pearl Harbor attack, the publication of Rainbow Five, and Roosevelt's post-Pearl Harbor address, which focused on European affairs as well as the","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"4019654","text":"witness viewpoint\" akin to Beatty's is provided by Roosevelt's administrative assistant at the time of Pearl Harbor, Jonathan Daniels; it is a telling comment about FDR's reaction to the attack – \"The blow was heavier than he had hoped it would necessarily be. ... But the risks paid off; even the loss was worth the price. ...\" \"Ten days before the attack on Pearl Harbor\", Henry L. Stimson, United States Secretary of War at the time \"entered in his diary the famous and much-argued statement – that he had met with President Roosevelt to discuss the evidence of impending hostilities","title":"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory"},{"docid":"1546792","text":"of Honor. On May 11, President Roosevelt approved the Navy Cross for Miller. On May 27, 1942, Miller was personally recognized by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, aboard the aircraft carrier in Pearl Harbor. Nimitz presented Miller with the Navy Cross, at the time the third-highest Navy award for gallantry during combat. The citation reads as follows: For distinguished devotion to duty, extraordinary courage and disregard for his own personal safety during the attack on the Fleet in Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. While at the side of his","title":"Doris Miller"},{"docid":"3659032","text":"Japanese submarine after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Torrey's executive officer, Commander (later Captain) Paul Eddington (Kirk Douglas), is a wayward sort who resigned as a naval aviator and returned to the surface navy because of an unhappy marriage. His wife's affairs and drunken escapades have become the talk of Honolulu, and her death during the Pearl Harbor attack—in the company of an Army Air Forces major (Hugh O'Brian), with whom she had a wild fling on a local beach—drives Eddington into a bar brawl with a group of Army Air Forces officers, a subsequent stint in the Pearl Harbor","title":"In Harm's Way"},{"docid":"13043855","text":"Harbor \"a date which will live in infamy.\" In Pearl Harbor: Also on Ford Island. Note: Ford Island remains an active military installation therefore public access is restricted to approved tours, military personnel, military retirees, NOAA personnel and their family members only. In 1990, leading up to the 50th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Congress established the Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal. This is also known as the Pearl Harbor Survivor's medal and was awarded to anyone who was in the U.S. Armed Forces and who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and participated in combat operations","title":"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day"},{"docid":"4019667","text":"one of ours who speaks about a possible air attack on Honolulu. I myself did not think of it because I believed everyone on Honolulu to be 100% on the alert, as everyone here on O.N.I. There prevails a tense state of mind at O.N.I.\" These diary entries are provided (in Dutch) in the photo section in George Victor's \"The Pearl Harbor Myth: Rethinking the Unthinkable\". CBS correspondent Edward R. Murrow had a dinner appointment at the White House on 7 December. Because of the attack he and his wife only ate with Mrs. Roosevelt, but the president asked Murrow","title":"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory"},{"docid":"3563993","text":"Germany-occupied [[puppet state]] and an Allies-friendly state in the South; Germany surrendered in May 1945. Following the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]], [[surrender of Japan|Japan surrendered]], marking the end of the war on September 2, 1945. [[File:Underwater Atomic Bomb Test At Bikini Atoll.webm|alt=Atomic Bomb underwater testing, 1946|left|thumb|Atomic Bomb Test, 1946. The use of Nuclear strikes on Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought WWII to an abrupt end.]] [[File:Roosevelt Pearl Harbor.ogg|thumb|U.S President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] declaring war on the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese Empire]] in the aftermath of the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor Attack]]. Captions provided]] [[File:Trumann hiroshima.ogg|thumb|Excerpt of [[President of","title":"Modern history"},{"docid":"6210896","text":"Nobuo Fujita Nobuo Fujita joined the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1932 and became a pilot in 1933. Fujita also had a younger brother who was killed in the war. Fujita was on board \"I-25\" during the attack on Pearl Harbor, where the \"I-25\" and three other submarines patrolled a line north of Oahu. Fujita's plane, a Yokosuka E14Y \"Glen\" seaplane, did not function properly, and he was unable to participate in the reconnaissance mission planned before the attack. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, \"I-25\" patrolled along the West Coast of the United States with eight other submarines. They attacked","title":"Nobuo Fujita"},{"docid":"703974","text":"and may even have let it happen or encouraged it in order to force the U.S. into war via the so-called \"back door\". However, this conspiracy theory is rejected by mainstream historians. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"10277364","text":"the first step in preparing America for war against Germany, Japan, or both. The first military draft during peacetime in American history takes place. Roosevelt is elected as President of USA for a third term with 54 percent of the popular vote. August 18, 1941: Michigan representative John D. Dingell, Sr. suggests in a letter to President Roosevelt that 10,000 Hawaiian Japanese Americans should be held as hostages to ensure \"good behavior\" on the part of Japan. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, there were approximately 112,000 Japanese Americans living along","title":"Japanese-American life before World War II"},{"docid":"6484385","text":"Submarine Squadron 4 Submarine Squadron 4 (also known as \"SUBRON 4\" or \"CSS-4\") was raised by the United States Navy in 1930. Since 9 July 1997, the squadron has been based at the Naval Submarine Base New London, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America. In 1930, the squadron was raised at the Pearl Harbor submarine base. Its commanding officers to 1945 included the following captains: It was Captain Freeland A. Daubin who was in command during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. On 13 January 1943, the command of Submarine Base Pearl Harbor and Submarine Squadron","title":"Submarine Squadron 4"},{"docid":"7590288","text":"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally. The PHSA, which was incorporated in the State of Missouri, held Federal Charter 99-119 under Title 36 of the United States Code. The PHSA National Insignia bearing the name","title":"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association"},{"docid":"6909313","text":"Pearl Harbor. She made the trip there by way of the Panama Canal, San Diego, and San Pedro. At Pearl Harbor, \"Hoga\" was berthed at the Yard Craft Dock and worked moving cargo lighters and assisting ships in and out of berths. Like other YTs, she carried firefighting equipment. \"Hoga\" was present during the Attack on Pearl Harbor. The last surviving vessels from the attack are the museum ships, the US Coast Guard cutter in the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, and \"Hoga\" at the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum. \"Hoga\" was moored with other yard service craft near the drydocks","title":"Hoga (YT-146)"},{"docid":"703960","text":"memorial. In the wake of the attack, 15 Medals of Honor, 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Stars, four Navy and Marine Corps Medals, one Distinguished Flying Cross, four Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and three Bronze Star Medals were awarded to the American servicemen who distinguished themselves in combat at Pearl Harbor. Additionally, a special military award, the Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, was later authorized for all military veterans of the attack. The day after the attack, Roosevelt delivered his famous Infamy Speech to a Joint Session of Congress, calling for a formal declaration of war on the","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"7626608","text":"James R. Ward James Richard Ward (September 10, 1921 – December 7, 1941) was a US Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1940. After basic training, he reported on board the battleship . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, \"Oklahoma\" took three torpedoes soon after the attack began. She listed dangerously, and it was soon apparent that she would capsize. The order was given to abandon ship, but Seaman First","title":"James R. Ward"},{"docid":"7590290","text":"proclaimed the Founding Fathers of the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association. Those eleven survivors were: Clarence Bonn, Mark Ferris, George Haines Jr. Edward Kronberger, Robert Kronberger, Samuel Kronberger, Raymond LeBer, George Schafer, Louis P. Smith, Ed Steffa, and James C. Taneyhill. Following the 1958 meeting, the members began searching for other military survivors of the Pearl Harbor attack. A dinner of the group on December 7, 1960, led to the first Pearl Harbor Survivors Association National Reunion at the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim, California where over 300 survivors joined in commemoration of the event on December 7, 1961. President John F.","title":"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association"},{"docid":"10992393","text":"Harbor. For the next several months, planning and organizing a simultaneous attack on Pearl Harbor and invasion of British and Dutch colonies to the south occupied much of the Japanese Navy's time and attention. The plans for the Pearl Harbor attack arose out of the Japanese expectation the U.S. would be inevitably drawn into war after a Japanese attack against Malaya and Singapore. The intent of a preventive strike on Pearl Harbor was to neutralize American naval power in the Pacific, thus removing it from influencing operations against American, British, and Dutch colonies. Successful attacks on colonies were judged to","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"4409035","text":"Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal The Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, also known as the \"Pearl Harbor Survivor’s Medal\", is a bronze commemorative medal which was established by the United States Congress on November 5, 1990 (P.L. 101-510, 104 Stat. 1721). To have been eligible for the award, \"a person must have been a member of the Armed Forces of the United States who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and who participated in combat operations that day against Imperial Japanese military forces attacking Hawaii. A person who was killed or wounded in that attack shall be deemed to have","title":"Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal"},{"docid":"1433259","text":"first permanent Marine garrison was assigned. Naval Air Station Midway was commissioned in August after the completion of runways and support structures, and a Marine garrison assigned shortly afterwards. In November Kimmel ordered to ferry Marine fighters and pilots to Wake Island to reinforce the garrison, and for to depart Pearl Harbor on 5 December to ferry Marine dive bombers to Midway. Because of these missions both aircraft carriers were not in Pearl Harbor during the later Japanese attack. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7, 1941, and resulted in the deaths of 2,403 U.S. military and 68","title":"Husband E. Kimmel"},{"docid":"7862808","text":"Cornelia Fort Cornelia Clark Fort (February 5, 1919 – March 21, 1943) was a United States aviator who became famous for being part of two aviation-related events. The first occurred while conducting a civilian training flight at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 when she was the first United States pilot to encounter the Japanese air fleet during the Attack on Pearl Harbor. She and her student narrowly escaped a mid-air collision with the Japanese aircraft and a strafing attack after making an emergency landing. The following year, Fort became the second member of what was to become the Women","title":"Cornelia Fort"},{"docid":"4019671","text":"was a surprise repeatedly note that Roosevelt wanted (though he did not say so officially) the U.S. to intervene in the war against Germany. A basic understanding of the political situation of 1941 precludes any possibility the public wanted war. Thomas Fleming argued President Roosevelt wished for Germany or Japan to strike the first blow, but did not expect the United States to be hit as severely as it was in the attack on Pearl Harbor. An attack by Japan on the U.S. could not guarantee the U.S. would declare war on Germany. After such an attack, American public anger","title":"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory"},{"docid":"19775698","text":"Dog It Down Dog It Down is a 2012 award-winning short film directed by Mark Haapala and produced by Kevin Connolly. It is based on the true story of three US Navy Sailors who were trapped under water for 17 days in an air-tight compartment aboard the during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Three US Navy sailors are trapped in an airtight compartment on the ocean floor aboard the during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941. Based on actual events. The film won Best Short Film of 2012 at the Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival.","title":"Dog It Down"},{"docid":"10992367","text":"the islands, and wait for the inevitable U.S. counterattack, Japan's military leaders instead decided on the preventive Pearl Harbor attack, which they assumed would negate the American forces needed for the liberation and reconquest of the islands. (The day after the Pearl Harbor attack, the Japanese indeed launched their invasion of the Philippines). Planning for the attack on Pearl Harbor had begun in very early 1941, by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He finally won assent from the Naval High Command by, among other things, threatening to resign. The attack was approved in the summer at an Imperial Conference and again at","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"6195612","text":"Atlantic and Pacific. During the attack on Pearl Harbor, \"Reid\"'s gunners fired at the Japanese planes and downed one of them. After the attack, \"Reid\" patrolled off the Hawaiian Islands, Palmyra Atoll, and Johnston Island during December. In January 1942, she escorted a convoy to San Francisco, California. Returning to Hawaii for more patrol duty, she later steamed to Midway Island, and then twice more escorted convoys from Pearl Harbor to San Francisco. Departing Pearl Harbor on 22 May 1942, \"Reid\" steamed north to bombard Japanese positions on Kiska Island, Alaska on 7 August 1942. She supported landings at Adak,","title":"USS Reid (DD-369)"},{"docid":"12272471","text":"the section base at Bishop's Point on the island of Oahu on 28 August and began working on the nets that protected Pearl Harbor. She was at the Bishop's Point section base when the Japanese attacked American warships and installations at Pearl Harbor on the morning of 7 December 1941. Though she fired sporadically at some of the enemy planes during the two hours of the attack, she claimed no kills and suffered neither casualties nor damage. Following the attack, the ship served at Pearl Harbor through the end of the war. Redesignated \"AN-7\" on 20 December 1942, she was","title":"USS Ash (AN-7)"},{"docid":"12759095","text":"46th Fighter Training Squadron The 46th Fighter Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the 917th Operations Group stationed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. It was inactivated on 1 October 1993. The 46th, who was initially assigned to the 15th Fighter/Pursuit Group, its history goes back to World War II, when the 15th Pursuit Group was largely destroyed during the 7 December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor at Hickam Field. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron was assigned to the VII Fighter Command. Re-equipped initially with P-39 Airacobras","title":"46th Fighter Training Squadron"},{"docid":"9954169","text":"Boy at War The Boy at War trilogy is a series of young adult historical novels by Harry Mazer. The first book, \"A Boy at War\" was released on April 3, 2001 and is based on the events of the attack on Pearl Harbor that initiated the United States' involvement in World War II. The books follow Adam Pelko, the son of a navy commander stationed at Pearl Harbor, during the Japanese attack of December 7, 1941. Adam Pelko, son of a naval commander Lieutenant Pelko is forced to move to Honolulu because his father is reassigned to Pearl Harbor.","title":"Boy at War"},{"docid":"14429193","text":"would be taking roles meant for Arlen. Minesweeper (film) Minesweeper is a 1943 American film directed by William A. Berke, and stars Richard Arlen, Jean Parker and Russell Hayden. The film is a fictional account of a former navy deserter who returns to duty after the attack on Pearl Harbor, under an assumed name as a sailor aboard a minesweeper in World War II. Lt. Richard Houston (Richard Arlen) is an officer in the U.S. Navy who deserted during peacetime service to escape gambling debts, and took up life as a hobo. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor spurs him","title":"Minesweeper (film)"},{"docid":"14429185","text":"Minesweeper (film) Minesweeper is a 1943 American film directed by William A. Berke, and stars Richard Arlen, Jean Parker and Russell Hayden. The film is a fictional account of a former navy deserter who returns to duty after the attack on Pearl Harbor, under an assumed name as a sailor aboard a minesweeper in World War II. Lt. Richard Houston (Richard Arlen) is an officer in the U.S. Navy who deserted during peacetime service to escape gambling debts, and took up life as a hobo. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor spurs him to rejoin the Navy under the assumed","title":"Minesweeper (film)"},{"docid":"4962950","text":"Infantry Regiments of the Puerto Rican National Guard, founded by Major General Luis R. Esteves, were called into Federal Active Service and assigned to the Puerto Rican Department in accordance with the existing War Plan Orange. There were no Puerto Rican military-related fatalities in the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor. However, there was one civilian Puerto Rican fatality. Daniel LaVerne was a Puerto Rican amateur boxer who was working at Pearl Harbor's Red Hill underground fuel tank construction project when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He died as a result of the injuries which he received during the attack. His","title":"Military history of Puerto Rico"},{"docid":"11061365","text":"battleship engagement in naval history, the Battle of Surigao Strait, where none of them were hit. During active duty, being well protected by escorts and air cover, none of the Pearl Harbor battleships suffered serious damage save for \"Pennsylvania\" which was permanently crippled by a torpedo in the closing stages of the war; on September 2, 1945, \"West Virginia\" was among the Allied fleet in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese officially surrendered. The attack on Pearl Harbor failed to sight, or destroy, any of the Pacific Fleet's three aircraft carriers; they had been designated as primary targets along with the","title":"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"10992373","text":"States slowly moved from being a neutral power to one preparing for war. In mid-1940, Roosevelt moved the U.S. Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to deter Japan. On October 8, 1940, Admiral James O. Richardson, Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, provoked a confrontation with Roosevelt by repeating his earlier arguments to Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Harold R. Stark and Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox that Pearl Harbor was the wrong place for his ships. Roosevelt believed relocating the fleet to Hawaii would exert a \"restraining influence\" on Japan. Richardson asked the President if the United States was","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"14434169","text":"rank of Captain and appointed the commanding officer of the Naval Station Tutuila, also in American Samoa. In October 1941, he was appointed the commanding officer of the heavy cruiser . A two months later (during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Hanson commanded USS \"Indianapolis\" during a training mission conducting a mock bombardment at Johnston Atoll. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hanson got order to search for Japanese carriers responsible for the attack, though the ship did not locate them. Hanson subsequently commanded USS \"Indianapolis\" during the New Guinea campaign and also during the Aleutian Islands Campaign in","title":"Edward Hanson"},{"docid":"6167930","text":"operated out of Hawaii. \"Gridley\" cleared Pearl Harbor 28 November 1941 as part of the antisubmarine screen for the aircraft carrier , flagship of Admiral Halsey, and after a stop at Wake Island, reversed course for Pearl Harbor. The Task Force was approaching that base on the morning of 7 December when the message heralding the beginning of the war was received: \"Air raid on Pearl Harbor, this is no drill.\" \"Gridley\" entered the harbor next day to help protect against renewed attack, and during the next five months was occupied escorting transports and repair vessels to and from Pearl","title":"USS Gridley (DD-380)"},{"docid":"703967","text":"the attack on Pearl Harbor. Nishikaichi enlisted the support of three Japanese-American residents in an attempt to recover the documents. During the ensuing struggles, Nishikaichi was killed and a Hawaiian civilian was wounded; one collaborator committed suicide, and his wife and the third collaborator were sent to prison. The ease with which the local ethnic Japanese residents had apparently gone to the assistance of Nishikaichi was a source of concern for many, and tended to support those who believed that local Japanese could not be trusted. Admiral Hara Tadaichi summed up the Japanese result by saying, \"We won a great","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"12166823","text":"with \"Hoga\", are now the last remaining Naval Pearl Harbor surviving vessels. USS Nokomis (YT-142) USS \"Nokomis\" (YT-142/YTB-142/YTM-142) was a Woban-class harbor tug built in Bremerton, Wash, and assigned to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 1940. \"Nokomis\" was present during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. She was the first vessel on scene at the USS \"Arizona\", and was called off by the officers on deck because of the imminent explosion of the battery below deck. It then left and helped beach the USS \"Nevada\", with , and YT-153. The beaching of the Nevada saved Pearl Harbor's mouth","title":"USS Nokomis (YT-142)"},{"docid":"6801755","text":"individuals and organizations who have supported our country and the Naval Academy. A wall is reserved by the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association to commemorate those who were killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor. One concourse is dedicated to Lt. Lloyd Garnett and his shipmates on the USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413) who earned their ship the reputation as the \"destroyer escort that fought like a battleship\" in the Battle of Leyte Gulf during World War II. A music room is named for Lt. Mark Lange, Class of 1979, whose A-6E Intruder (flying from USS John F. Kennedy) was shot","title":"Alumni Hall (Navy)"},{"docid":"4019648","text":"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory The Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory is the argument that U.S. Government officials had advance knowledge of Japan's December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor. Ever since the Japanese attack; there has been debate as to how and why the United States had been caught off guard, and how much and when American officials knew of Japanese plans for an attack. In September 1944, John T. Flynn, a co-founder of the non-interventionist America First Committee, launched a Pearl Harbor counter-narrative when he published a forty-six page booklet entitled \"The Truth about Pearl Harbor\". Several writers,","title":"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory"},{"docid":"591328","text":"constitutive act with respect to genocide\"; see also war rape. In 2016, the International Criminal Court convicted someone of sexual violence for the first time; specifically, they added rape to a war crimes conviction of Congo Vice President Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo. War crimes also included deliberate attacks on citizens and property of neutral states as they fall under the category of non-combatants, as at the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. As the attack on Pearl Harbor happened without a declaration of war, without explicit warning, and went out of proportion, all military and civilian casualties at the harbor were officially","title":"War crime"},{"docid":"1653272","text":"gunnery courses, winning four medals in the latter. She participated in other fleet tactical development operations until 1939. In 1940, she was transferred to Pearl Harbor, to guard against potential Japanese attack, and was sunk by six torpedoes and two bombs during the attack on Pearl Harbor. On 17 May 1942, she was salvaged from the seabed by draining the water from her hull. After repairs in Pearl Harbor, she sailed to the Puget Sound Navy Yard. There she received an extensive refit, including the replacement of her /25 caliber anti-aircraft guns and single-purpose 5-inch/51 caliber guns with dual-purpose 5-inch/38","title":"USS West Virginia (BB-48)"},{"docid":"20322949","text":"the attack. The naval vessel where the war ended on September 2, 1945—the last U.S. Navy battleship ever built, —is now a museum ship moored in Pearl Harbor, with its bow barely 1,000 feet (300 meters) southwest of the \"Arizona\" memorial. The last surviving vessels from the attack are also museum ships, the US Coast Guard cutter , which is located in the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, and the US Navy tug at the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture The attack on Pearl","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture"},{"docid":"1568791","text":"Cruz and San Francisco, California, Portland, Oregon, and points in between. During March 1940 she was en route to Lahaina Roads, Maui and then on to new home port of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. \"Phoenix\" then operated off the West Coast and was later based at Pearl Harbor. On 7 December 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor she was anchored north east of Ford Island near . Observers on board \"Phoenix\" sighted the rising sun of Japan on planes coming in low over Ford Island and a few seconds later the ship's guns took them under fire. \"Phoenix\" escaped the","title":"USS Phoenix (CL-46)"},{"docid":"6136294","text":"exercised with the Battle Fleet in west coast waters until April 1940, when she accompanied her division to Pearl Harbor. Except for an overhaul at Puget Sound Navy Yard (February–March 1941) and exercises out of San Diego during April, she remained based at Pearl Harbor until war broke out as the flagship of Destroyer Division Seven of Destroyer Squadron Four. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 7 December 1941 caught \"Blue\" in port, but she safely made her way to sea with only four ensigns on board. She served with the offshore patrol in the approaches to Pearl Harbor during","title":"USS Blue (DD-387)"},{"docid":"11720013","text":"James O. Richardson, was summarily replaced by Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, the new Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet. Upon assuming command in February 1941, Kimmel recruited McCormick to be assistant war plans officer on the Pacific Fleet staff, in which post McCormick was serving during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. After the Pearl Harbor disaster, Kimmel was relieved by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, who retained Kimmel's entire staff. McCormick became Nimitz' war plans officer in April 1942, serving in that capacity during the battles of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal. On June 30, 1942, McCormick was injured in","title":"Lynde D. McCormick"},{"docid":"3230510","text":"USS Arizona Memorial The USS \"Arizona\" Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the events of that day. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of Oahu led to the United States' direct involvement in World War II. The memorial, built in 1962, has been visited by more than two million people annually. Accessible only by boat, it straddles the sunken hull of the battleship without touching it. Historical information about","title":"USS Arizona Memorial"},{"docid":"2206254","text":"months' notice of intent to cancel the treaty, beginning the policy of putting pressure on Japan that led to the Attack on Pearl Harbor. On the day of the Pearl Harbor attack however his position changed radically. In his private papers he wrote that at Pearl Harbor, isolationism died for any realist. In the end, only one member of Congress, Republican Jeannette Rankin, voted against war with Japan. In the election of 1940, Vandenberg secured a third term in the Senate by defeating Democratic challenger Frank Fitzpatrick by over 100,000 votes. During World War II, Vandenberg's position on American foreign","title":"Arthur Vandenberg"},{"docid":"1753647","text":"following day, another cargo ship was also sent to the bottom. \"Skate\" terminated her fifth patrol at Pearl Harbor on 7 August. Departing Pearl Harbor on 9 September, \"Skate\" sailed for the Ryukyu Islands and her sixth war patrol, during which she performed photographic reconnaissance of Okinawa and, on 29 September, sank a small patrol craft and a cargo ship. Following her return to Pearl Harbor, she got underway for overhaul at Hunters Point Navy Yard, San Francisco, California. \"Skate\" got underway from Pearl Harbor for her seventh war patrol on 11 April 1945, to form a coordinated attack group","title":"USS Skate (SS-305)"},{"docid":"187439","text":"Islands also fell to Allied forces during the war. The Pacific front saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between the belligerents Japan and the United States. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941 (8 December in Japan). The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the","title":"History of Oceania"},{"docid":"4885523","text":"history under Lloyd Gardner at Rutgers and Jules Davids at Georgetown. He did a considerable amount of research on the origins of the Pearl Harbor attack, doing a master's thesis on the topic at Georgetown, the substance of which was later published as \"Coverup: The Politics of Pearl Harbor, 1941–1946\". He was closely advised by Percy Greaves, who had been the Republican counsel to the congressional committee investigating the Pearl Harbor attack in 1946. In 1976, Bartlett changed careers, going to work for U.S. Congressman Ron Paul (R-Texas). Bartlett spent much of his time working with the House Banking Committee,","title":"Bruce Bartlett"},{"docid":"20322947","text":"Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture The attack on Pearl Harbor has received substantial attention in popular culture in multiple media and cultural formats including film, architecture, memorial statues, non-fiction writing, historical writing, and historical fiction. Today, the USS \"Arizona\" Memorial on the island of Oahu honors the dead. Visitors to the memorial reach it via boats from the naval base at Pearl Harbor. The memorial was designed by Alfred Preis, and has a sagging center but strong and vigorous ends, expressing \"initial defeat and ultimate victory\". It commemorates all lives lost on December 7, 1941. Although December 7","title":"Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture"},{"docid":"13043853","text":"Remembrance Day. It became (Patriotic and National Observances and Ceremonies) of the United States Code. On Pearl Harbor Day, the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset to honor those who died as a result of the attack on U.S. military forces in Hawaii. Pearl Harbor Day is not a federal holiday – government offices, schools, and businesses do not close. Some organizations may hold special events in memory of those killed or injured at Pearl Harbor. On Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service attacked Naval Station Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii","title":"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day"},{"docid":"20271806","text":"was more focused on the scout bomber role. This air group was embarked on board the \"Yorktown\"-class aircraft carrier at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. On 7 December 1941, eighteen SBD Dauntless scout bombers of squadrons VS-6 and VB-6 arrived over Pearl Harbor during the attack and, although surprised, immediately went into action in defense of the naval base. Scouting Six lost six planes during the attack, and Bombing Six lost one, killing eight airmen and wounding two others. Later that evening, six VF-6 Wildcats attempted to land at Ford Island, but five were accidentally shot down","title":"Enterprise Air Group"},{"docid":"3987038","text":"attack on Pearl Harbor. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Vice President Henry A. Wallace won the election of 1940, and were at the helm of the nation as it prepared for and entered World War II. Roosevelt sought and won an unprecedented fourth term in office in 1944, but this time with Harry S. Truman as his Vice President. Roosevelt, who had been a victim of polio early in life, died in April 1945, and Truman assumed the Presidency through the end of the war. The Joint Chiefs were military officers, as opposed to the above, who were for the","title":"Politics of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"5098555","text":"states that the Japanese opened their attack on Pearl Harbor at 0756 and that \"Thornton's\" crew, led by four reserve ensigns, was at action stations two minutes later. They fought back with every available weapon: four .50-cal. machine guns, three Lewis guns, three Browning automatic rifles, and twelve .30-cal., bolt-action Springfields. The combined fire of \"Thornton\" and accounted for at least one Japanese torpedo bomber and probably discouraged two more from making a run on as the oiler changed berths during the second dive-bombing attack between 0910 and 0917. \"Thornton\" suffered no casualties during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Following","title":"USS Thornton (DD-270)"},{"docid":"7428738","text":"ensemble \"Pride\" as well as with the Wind Ensemble and the Ceremonial Band. Since before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Navy Bands have been stationed in Hawaii either on ships home ported at Pearl Harbor, or attached to Navy shore installations at Pearl Harbor, Barbers Point and Waikiki. The most recognized and highly decorated Navy Band associated with Hawaii was Unit Band 22. This was the band stationed on board at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. On the night of 6 December 1941, there was a band competition called the \"Battle of Music\"","title":"Navy Music Program"},{"docid":"15138896","text":"she was donated to the USS \"Missouri\" Memorial Association and became a museum ship at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl","title":"Naval Station Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"5897201","text":"Pearl Harbor, as part of Destroyer Squadron 1. In port 7 December 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor, \"Macdonough\" downed one of the Japanese attack planes before heading out to sea to join others in the search for the Japanese task force. For the next 3½ months, the destroyer performed scouting assignments southwest of Oahu. Before returning to Pearl Harbor to escort convoys to and from west coast ports, she steamed as far as New Guinea, supporting airstrikes on Bougainville, Salamaua, and Lae. \"Macdonough\" returned to the western Pacific to prepare for the Guadalcanal invasion. Operating with \"Saratoga\", she","title":"USS Macdonough (DD-351)"},{"docid":"2685447","text":"tour of Latin America in 1928. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, she served as a mainstay of fleet readiness through tireless training operations. In 1940, \"Maryland\" changed her base of operations to Pearl Harbor. She was present at Battleship Row along Ford Island during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Damaged during the attack, \"Maryland\" reported to the Puget Sound Navy Yard, where she was repaired and modernized. \"Maryland\" supported the amphibious landings during the Battle of Tarawa, and thereafter participated in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, the Battle","title":"Colorado-class battleship"},{"docid":"6574758","text":"had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin, than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of many raids on Darwin. This event is often called the \"Pearl Harbor of Australia\". Although it was a less significant target, a greater number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than were used in the attack on Pearl Harbor. As was the","title":"History of Darwin"},{"docid":"10992401","text":"16-inch (356- and 406-mm) naval shells. These were able to penetrate the lightly armored decks of the old battleships. At several stages during 1941, Japan's military leaders discussed the possibility of launching an invasion to seize the Hawaiian Islands; this would provide Japan with a strategic base to shield its new empire, deny the United States any bases beyond the West coast and further isolate Australia and New Zealand. Genda, who saw Hawaii as vital for American operations against Japan after war began, believed Japan must follow any attack on Pearl Harbor with an invasion of Hawaii or risk losing","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"10886567","text":"U.S. West Coast, and around Hawaii, Wake Island, and to the Panama Canal. On one such trip, \"Seminole\" departed Pearl Harbor en route to San Diego. At 1317 on 7 December 1941, however, the ocean-going tug sounded general quarters, reversed her course, and anchored at Pearl Harbor on the 12th. With her sister ship, , the \"Seminole\" operated in Pearl Harbor during the busy, hectic days following the Japanese attack. On 15 February 1942, however, \"Seminole\" embarked a salvage team and departed Pearl Harbor for Canton Island where, from 21 February to 24 March 1942, she assisted in unsuccessful salvage","title":"USS Seminole (AT-65)"},{"docid":"20024428","text":"attack on Pearl Harbor, Hall was stationed at the Marine barracks at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, Hawaii, as commanding officer of the 2nd Engineer Battalion. He participated in the defense of the island and later in salvage operations and was decorated with the Navy Commendation Medal for his leadership during the attack. The 2nd Engineer Battalion rejoined the 2nd Marine Division and sailed for South Pacific in May 1942. He was promoted to the rank of colonel on Mary 21, 1942, and was the first commanding officer of the 18th Marine Regiment, 2d Marine Division, on September 8, 1942. During","title":"Elmer E. Hall"},{"docid":"7619343","text":"Robert R. Scott Robert Raymond Scott (July 13, 1915 – December 7, 1941) was a United States Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Robert Raymond Scott was born in Massillon, Ohio on July 13, 1915 and enlisted in the United States Navy on April 18, 1938. Machinist's Mate First Class Scott was assigned to when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The compartment containing the air compressor to which Scott was assigned as his battle station was flooded as a result of a torpedo","title":"Robert R. Scott"},{"docid":"8610433","text":"while hiking the local Aiea Hills. His body was never found and was the subject of much local news coverage and rumor before being overshadowed by the Pearl Harbor attack. Commander Latimore was declared legally dead in July 1942. \"Dobbin\" was present during the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. At the time of the attack she was moored northeast of Ford Island with five destroyers, , , , and . \"Dobbin\"s crew watched as Japanese planes targeted Battleship Row, but as the battleships each took heavy damage the Japanese pilots looked for other targets. Seeing that the","title":"USS Dobbin (AD-3)"},{"docid":"9741521","text":"Annie Fox (nurse) Lt. Annie G. Fox (August 4, 1893 – January 20, 1987) was the first woman to receive the Purple Heart for combat. She served as the chief nurse in the Army Nurse Corps at Hickam Field during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. At that time the awarding of the Purple Heart did not require the service person to be injured. The requirements were changed after the attack of Pearl Harbor and Lt. Fox was awarded the Bronze Star because Fox was not wounded in the attack. First Lieutenant Annie G. Fox was","title":"Annie Fox (nurse)"},{"docid":"9741516","text":"Annie Fox (nurse) Lt. Annie G. Fox (August 4, 1893 – January 20, 1987) was the first woman to receive the Purple Heart for combat. She served as the chief nurse in the Army Nurse Corps at Hickam Field during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. At that time the awarding of the Purple Heart did not require the service person to be injured. The requirements were changed after the attack of Pearl Harbor and Lt. Fox was awarded the Bronze Star because Fox was not wounded in the attack. First Lieutenant Annie G. Fox was","title":"Annie Fox (nurse)"},{"docid":"20911186","text":"June 1940. Following his graduation, he was promoted to the rank of Captain and commanded Rifle and Pistol Team. Shaw sailed for Pearl Harbor in October 1940 and assumed duty as Commander of Company A at Marine Barracks, Pearl Harbor Navy Yard under Colonel Gilder D. Jackson. He was present during the Japanese attack on the Harbor on December 7, 1941 and participated in the anti-aircraft defense. Shaw was promoted to major in May 1942 and to lieutenant colonel in April 1943. Captain Shaw later described the events of Japanese attack as following: He was transferred to the staff of","title":"Samuel R. Shaw"},{"docid":"2692185","text":"homeports from Naval Submarine Base New London to Naval Station Pearl Harbor. She left Groton for Pearl Harbor on 22 July 2010 and arrived at her new homeport, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, on Monday, 15 November 2010 after her four-month transfer activities. During the transfer, the officers and crew of \"North Carolina\" conducted a series of exercises designed to test the boat's new combat systems and stealth capabilities. \"North Carolina\" is the third \"Virginia\"-class attack submarine to be homeported at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam and is assigned to Commander, Submarine Squadron 1. Received squadron 1 battle E for year 2015.","title":"USS North Carolina (SSN-777)"},{"docid":"7626610","text":"so the remainder of the turret crew could see to escape, thereby sacrificing his own life. In 1943, the destroyer escort , was named in honor of Seaman First Class Ward. James R. Ward James Richard Ward (September 10, 1921 – December 7, 1941) was a US Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1940. After basic training, he reported on board the battleship . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,","title":"James R. Ward"},{"docid":"138991","text":"Japan. After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. On December 11, 1941, Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. A majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy theories that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded. Senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, but they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had expected that the Japanese would attack either the Dutch East","title":"Franklin D. Roosevelt"},{"docid":"10992417","text":"the Japanese approach, he would have sortied to meet them. With the American carriers absent and Kimmel's battleships at a severe disadvantage to the Japanese carriers, the likely result would have been the sinking of the American battleships at sea in deep water, where they would have been lost forever with tremendous casualties (as many as twenty thousand dead), instead of in Pearl Harbor, where the crews could easily be rescued, and six battleships ultimately raised. Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor A series of events led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. War between Japan and the","title":"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"15138872","text":"Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl Harbor provides berthing and shore side support to surface ships and submarines, as well as maintenance and training.","title":"Naval Station Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"7619489","text":"destroyer escort was named in his honor. Jackson C. Pharris Jackson Charles Pharris (June 26, 1912 – October 17, 1966) was an officer in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for heroism during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Jackson C. Pharris grew up in Columbus, Georgia, the oldest of five children. He joined the United States Navy on April 25, 1933. In September 1933, he reported aboard the as a gunner. He was assigned to the USS Mississippi until December 1940. Pharris reported aboard the USS California in January 1941. The ship reached Pearl Harbor on","title":"Jackson C. Pharris"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"20702455\",\n \"text\": \"after taking office, Navy Secretary Knox wrote an overview memo which specifically noted the possibility of an attack at Pearl Harbor. However, neither observation led to formal policy recommendations to forestall such an attack. Admiral James O. Richardson, who was fired by President Roosevelt for complaining about the President's order to station the Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor instead of its normal berthing on the U.S. West Coast, blamed the President for the \\\"initial defeats in the Pacific\\\" as \\\"direct, real and personal.\\\" Richardson believed stationing the fleet in Pearl Harbor made the ships extremely vulnerable against attack and provided\",\n \"title\": \"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7590294\",\n \"text\": \"adopted. A scholarship was open to any U.S. citizen who is a direct descendant of a PHSA member or deceased member, including step or adopted children. On December 7, 2011, during the 70th anniversary ceremony in Hawaii of the attack on Pearl Harbor (\\\"Pearl Harbor Day\\\"), William Muehleib, the President of the PHSA, announced that due to the ages and health of the 2,700 members, the executive board had decided to terminate the corporate association as of December 31 of that year. The \\\"Pearl Harbor-Gram\\\" closed its membership in February 2012. However, informal social and local activities involving Pearl Harbor\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13043852\",\n \"text\": \"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, also referred to as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day or Pearl Harbor Day, is observed annually in the United States on December 7, to remember and honor the 2,403 citizens of the United States who were killed in the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. On August 23, 1994, the United States Congress, by , designated December 7 of each year as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day. On November 29, President Bill Clinton issued a proclamation declaring December 7, 1994, the first National Pearl Harbor\",\n \"title\": \"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"962505\",\n \"text\": \"after the bombs began falling, and did not receive the first official notification of the attack until several hours after the attack ended. The scene following the attack on Pearl Harbor, where President Roosevelt demands an immediate retaliatory strike on the soil of Japan, did not happen as portrayed in the film. Admiral Chester Nimitz and General George Marshall are seen denying the possibility of an aerial attack on Japan, but in real life they actually advocated such a strike. Another inconsistency in this scene is when President Roosevelt (who was at this time in his life, stricken and bound\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"703914\",\n \"text\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning. Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20702459\",\n \"text\": \"in Hawaii. Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941 Several reports prior to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 indicated that the base was vulnerable to attack. This has sometimes been noted in Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theories. In 1925, Gen. Billy Mitchell published a report called Winged Defense revealing the vulnerability of Pearl Harbor to a surprise air attack. Mitchell predicted that such an attack would effectively neutralize the Pacific fleet as part of a Japanese invasion of the Philippines. Two mock air attacks on Pearl Harbor during war games in the 1930s were judged to have been a\",\n \"title\": \"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20702454\",\n \"text\": \"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941 Several reports prior to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 indicated that the base was vulnerable to attack. This has sometimes been noted in Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theories. In 1925, Gen. Billy Mitchell published a report called Winged Defense revealing the vulnerability of Pearl Harbor to a surprise air attack. Mitchell predicted that such an attack would effectively neutralize the Pacific fleet as part of a Japanese invasion of the Philippines. Two mock air attacks on Pearl Harbor during war games in the 1930s were judged to have been a success. Shortly\",\n \"title\": \"Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3700332\",\n \"text\": \"summer of 1985 \\\"Tautog\\\" joined the attack submarine in hosting prospective commanding officer operations. In October 1985, \\\"Tautog\\\" left Pearl Harbor for a Western Pacific and Indian Ocean deployment, visiting Guam; Singapore (for Christmas); Diego Garcia twice; Perth, Australia; the Philippines; and Chinhae, South Korea. On her return to Pearl Harbor \\\"Tautog\\\" picked up an Operational Reactor Safeguard Examination team. During the Tautog's time in Subic Bay, Ferdinand Marcos was deposed as President of the Philippines and Corazon Aquino was declared the new president. Tautog finished its refit and continued on to finish its WestPac. Once back in Pearl Harbor\",\n \"title\": \"USS Tautog (SSN-639)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7590299\",\n \"text\": \"REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR - DECEMBER 7, 1941 - ACT OF CONGRESS 1990<br> Back side (Eagle): FOR THOSE WHO SERVED - \\\"A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY\\\" Pearl Harbor Survivors Association The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally. The PHSA,\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2232175\",\n \"text\": \"the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. A scant month before the Pearl Harbor attack, the plan was scotched by U.S. Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall. After Pearl Harbor, Chiang appointed Soong Minister of Foreign Affairs, though Soong remained in Washington to manage the alliance with both the U.S. and the U.K. During his tenure as Finance Minister, he managed to balance China's budget, no small accomplishment. He resigned in 1933, displeased with Chiang Kai-shek's appeasement of Japan and attempts to placate Japanese aggression. He later returned to service as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1942–1945), and as President\",\n \"title\": \"T. V. Soong\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10992389\",\n \"text\": \"approved a \\\"war against United States, Great Britain and Holland\\\" during another Imperial Conference, to commence with a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at its main forward base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On February 3, 1940, Yamamoto briefed Captain Kanji Ogawa of Naval Intelligence on the potential attack plan, asking him to start intelligence gathering on Pearl Harbor. Ogawa already had spies in Hawaii, including Japanese Consular officials with an intelligence remit, and he arranged for help from a German already living in Hawaii who was an \\\"Abwehr\\\" agent. None had been providing much militarily useful information. He\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60184\",\n \"text\": \"flown into Pearl Harbor from Hamilton Field, California, arriving during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Leonard \\\"Smitty\\\" Smith Humiston, co-pilot on First Lieutenant Robert H. Richards' B-17C, AAF S/N \\\"40-2049\\\", reported that he thought the U.S. Navy was giving the flight a 21-gun salute to celebrate the arrival of the bombers, after which he realized that Pearl Harbor was under attack. The Fortress came under fire from Japanese fighter aircraft, though the crew was unharmed with the exception of one member who suffered an abrasion on his hand. Enemy activity forced them to divert from Hickam Field to Bellows Field.\",\n \"title\": \"Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13043856\",\n \"text\": \"that day against the attack. The medal was also awarded to civilians who were killed or injured in the attack. A few years later, Congress amended the law to allow any person who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and was involved in combat operations against Japanese military forces attacking Hawaii, to receive the award. In both instances, there was a limited time period to apply for the award, and it is no longer issued. National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, also referred to as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day or Pearl Harbor Day, is\",\n \"title\": \"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11061342\",\n \"text\": \"in east Asia and the western Pacific when VJ Day arrived. President Roosevelt appointed the Roberts Commission, headed by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts, to investigate and report facts and findings with respect to the attack on Pearl Harbor. It was the first of many official investigations (nine in all). Both the Fleet commander, Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, and the Army commander, Lieutenant General Walter Short (the Army had been responsible for air defense of Hawaii, including Pearl Harbor, and for general defense of the islands against hostile attack), were relieved of their commands shortly thereafter. They were\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"703973\",\n \"text\": \"of Pearl to air attack. At least two naval war games, one in 1932 and another in 1936, proved that Pearl was vulnerable to such an attack. Admiral James Richardson was removed from command shortly after protesting President Roosevelt's decision to move the bulk of the Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor. The decisions of military and political leadership to ignore these warnings has contributed to conspiracy theories. Several writers, including journalist Robert Stinnett and former United States Rear Admiral Robert Alfred Theobald, have argued that various parties high in the U.S. and British governments knew of the attack in advance\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3998954\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Harbor not only happened without a declaration of war but was also a treacherous and deceitful act. In fact, Japan and the U.S. were still negotiating for a possible peace agreement which kept U.S. officials very distracted when Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor. Keenan explained the definition of a war of aggression and the criminality of the attack on Pearl Harbor: Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor, was fully aware that if Japan lost the war, he would be tried as a war criminal for that attack (although he was killed by the United States\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese war crimes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12962344\",\n \"text\": \"a main base for the US Pacific Fleet after World War II along with Naval Base San Diego. In 2010, the Navy and the Air Force merged their two nearby bases; Pearl Harbor joined with Hickam Air Force Base to create Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam. On February 18, 2016, a tourist helicopter fell into Pearl Harbor, injuring four people; one person was missing and is thought to be dead. In December 2016, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe made a joint visit to Pearl Harbor with US President Barack Obama. This trip marked the 75 year anniversary of the attack, and\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6891675\",\n \"text\": \"USS Weeden (DE-797) USS \\\"Weeden\\\" (DE-797) was a in the United States Navy. She was named for Ensign Carl A. Weeden (1916–1941), who was killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor. \\\"Weeden\\\" was laid down on 18 August 1943 at Orange, Texas, by the Consolidated Steel Corporation; launched on 27 October 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Alice N. Weeden; and commissioned on 19 February 1944, with Lieutenant Commander C. F. Tillinghast, Jr., in command. Named for Ensign Carl A. Weeden (1916–1941), who was killed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor while serving on USS \\\"Arizona\\\", the ship was launched on\",\n \"title\": \"USS Weeden (DE-797)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"139023\",\n \"text\": \"increasingly defected from the Republican Party during the 1930s and 1940s, becoming an important Democratic voting bloc in several Northern states. The attack on Pearl Harbor raised concerns in the public regarding the possibility of sabotage by Japanese Americans. This suspicion was fed by long-standing racism against Japanese immigrants, as well as the findings of the Roberts Commission, which concluded that the attack on Pearl Harbor had been assisted by Japanese spies. On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which relocated hundreds of thousands of the Japanese-American citizens and immigrants. They were forced to liquidate their properties\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"703963\",\n \"text\": \"Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked\\\". Throughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda. One further consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau incident) was that Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to nearby Japanese-American internment camps. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11061335\",\n \"text\": \"into the war at a time when he had not yet acquired full control of continental Europe — on the very day of the Pearl Harbor attack, Hitler himself had issued his Nacht und Nebel decree, concerning the suppression of resistance activities within Nazi-occupied lands. Hitler, who had previously declared the Japanese \\\"Honorary Aryans\\\" claimed that \\\"this is what happens when your allies are not Anglo-Saxons\\\". However, he decided war with the United States was unavoidable, and the Pearl Harbor attack, the publication of Rainbow Five, and Roosevelt's post-Pearl Harbor address, which focused on European affairs as well as the\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4019654\",\n \"text\": \"witness viewpoint\\\" akin to Beatty's is provided by Roosevelt's administrative assistant at the time of Pearl Harbor, Jonathan Daniels; it is a telling comment about FDR's reaction to the attack – \\\"The blow was heavier than he had hoped it would necessarily be. ... But the risks paid off; even the loss was worth the price. ...\\\" \\\"Ten days before the attack on Pearl Harbor\\\", Henry L. Stimson, United States Secretary of War at the time \\\"entered in his diary the famous and much-argued statement – that he had met with President Roosevelt to discuss the evidence of impending hostilities\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1546792\",\n \"text\": \"of Honor. On May 11, President Roosevelt approved the Navy Cross for Miller. On May 27, 1942, Miller was personally recognized by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, aboard the aircraft carrier in Pearl Harbor. Nimitz presented Miller with the Navy Cross, at the time the third-highest Navy award for gallantry during combat. The citation reads as follows: For distinguished devotion to duty, extraordinary courage and disregard for his own personal safety during the attack on the Fleet in Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. While at the side of his\",\n \"title\": \"Doris Miller\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3659032\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese submarine after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Torrey's executive officer, Commander (later Captain) Paul Eddington (Kirk Douglas), is a wayward sort who resigned as a naval aviator and returned to the surface navy because of an unhappy marriage. His wife's affairs and drunken escapades have become the talk of Honolulu, and her death during the Pearl Harbor attack—in the company of an Army Air Forces major (Hugh O'Brian), with whom she had a wild fling on a local beach—drives Eddington into a bar brawl with a group of Army Air Forces officers, a subsequent stint in the Pearl Harbor\",\n \"title\": \"In Harm's Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13043855\",\n \"text\": \"Harbor \\\"a date which will live in infamy.\\\" In Pearl Harbor: Also on Ford Island. Note: Ford Island remains an active military installation therefore public access is restricted to approved tours, military personnel, military retirees, NOAA personnel and their family members only. In 1990, leading up to the 50th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Congress established the Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal. This is also known as the Pearl Harbor Survivor's medal and was awarded to anyone who was in the U.S. Armed Forces and who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and participated in combat operations\",\n \"title\": \"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4019667\",\n \"text\": \"one of ours who speaks about a possible air attack on Honolulu. I myself did not think of it because I believed everyone on Honolulu to be 100% on the alert, as everyone here on O.N.I. There prevails a tense state of mind at O.N.I.\\\" These diary entries are provided (in Dutch) in the photo section in George Victor's \\\"The Pearl Harbor Myth: Rethinking the Unthinkable\\\". CBS correspondent Edward R. Murrow had a dinner appointment at the White House on 7 December. Because of the attack he and his wife only ate with Mrs. Roosevelt, but the president asked Murrow\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3563993\",\n \"text\": \"Germany-occupied [[puppet state]] and an Allies-friendly state in the South; Germany surrendered in May 1945. Following the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]], [[surrender of Japan|Japan surrendered]], marking the end of the war on September 2, 1945. [[File:Underwater Atomic Bomb Test At Bikini Atoll.webm|alt=Atomic Bomb underwater testing, 1946|left|thumb|Atomic Bomb Test, 1946. The use of Nuclear strikes on Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought WWII to an abrupt end.]] [[File:Roosevelt Pearl Harbor.ogg|thumb|U.S President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] declaring war on the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese Empire]] in the aftermath of the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor Attack]]. Captions provided]] [[File:Trumann hiroshima.ogg|thumb|Excerpt of [[President of\",\n \"title\": \"Modern history\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6210896\",\n \"text\": \"Nobuo Fujita Nobuo Fujita joined the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1932 and became a pilot in 1933. Fujita also had a younger brother who was killed in the war. Fujita was on board \\\"I-25\\\" during the attack on Pearl Harbor, where the \\\"I-25\\\" and three other submarines patrolled a line north of Oahu. Fujita's plane, a Yokosuka E14Y \\\"Glen\\\" seaplane, did not function properly, and he was unable to participate in the reconnaissance mission planned before the attack. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, \\\"I-25\\\" patrolled along the West Coast of the United States with eight other submarines. They attacked\",\n \"title\": \"Nobuo Fujita\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"703974\",\n \"text\": \"and may even have let it happen or encouraged it in order to force the U.S. into war via the so-called \\\"back door\\\". However, this conspiracy theory is rejected by mainstream historians. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10277364\",\n \"text\": \"the first step in preparing America for war against Germany, Japan, or both. The first military draft during peacetime in American history takes place. Roosevelt is elected as President of USA for a third term with 54 percent of the popular vote. August 18, 1941: Michigan representative John D. Dingell, Sr. suggests in a letter to President Roosevelt that 10,000 Hawaiian Japanese Americans should be held as hostages to ensure \\\"good behavior\\\" on the part of Japan. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, there were approximately 112,000 Japanese Americans living along\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese-American life before World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6484385\",\n \"text\": \"Submarine Squadron 4 Submarine Squadron 4 (also known as \\\"SUBRON 4\\\" or \\\"CSS-4\\\") was raised by the United States Navy in 1930. Since 9 July 1997, the squadron has been based at the Naval Submarine Base New London, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America. In 1930, the squadron was raised at the Pearl Harbor submarine base. Its commanding officers to 1945 included the following captains: It was Captain Freeland A. Daubin who was in command during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. On 13 January 1943, the command of Submarine Base Pearl Harbor and Submarine Squadron\",\n \"title\": \"Submarine Squadron 4\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7590288\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally. The PHSA, which was incorporated in the State of Missouri, held Federal Charter 99-119 under Title 36 of the United States Code. The PHSA National Insignia bearing the name\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6909313\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Harbor. She made the trip there by way of the Panama Canal, San Diego, and San Pedro. At Pearl Harbor, \\\"Hoga\\\" was berthed at the Yard Craft Dock and worked moving cargo lighters and assisting ships in and out of berths. Like other YTs, she carried firefighting equipment. \\\"Hoga\\\" was present during the Attack on Pearl Harbor. The last surviving vessels from the attack are the museum ships, the US Coast Guard cutter in the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, and \\\"Hoga\\\" at the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum. \\\"Hoga\\\" was moored with other yard service craft near the drydocks\",\n \"title\": \"Hoga (YT-146)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"703960\",\n \"text\": \"memorial. In the wake of the attack, 15 Medals of Honor, 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Stars, four Navy and Marine Corps Medals, one Distinguished Flying Cross, four Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and three Bronze Star Medals were awarded to the American servicemen who distinguished themselves in combat at Pearl Harbor. Additionally, a special military award, the Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, was later authorized for all military veterans of the attack. The day after the attack, Roosevelt delivered his famous Infamy Speech to a Joint Session of Congress, calling for a formal declaration of war on the\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7626608\",\n \"text\": \"James R. Ward James Richard Ward (September 10, 1921 – December 7, 1941) was a US Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1940. After basic training, he reported on board the battleship . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, \\\"Oklahoma\\\" took three torpedoes soon after the attack began. She listed dangerously, and it was soon apparent that she would capsize. The order was given to abandon ship, but Seaman First\",\n \"title\": \"James R. Ward\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7590290\",\n \"text\": \"proclaimed the Founding Fathers of the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association. Those eleven survivors were: Clarence Bonn, Mark Ferris, George Haines Jr. Edward Kronberger, Robert Kronberger, Samuel Kronberger, Raymond LeBer, George Schafer, Louis P. Smith, Ed Steffa, and James C. Taneyhill. Following the 1958 meeting, the members began searching for other military survivors of the Pearl Harbor attack. A dinner of the group on December 7, 1960, led to the first Pearl Harbor Survivors Association National Reunion at the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim, California where over 300 survivors joined in commemoration of the event on December 7, 1961. President John F.\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor Survivors Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10992393\",\n \"text\": \"Harbor. For the next several months, planning and organizing a simultaneous attack on Pearl Harbor and invasion of British and Dutch colonies to the south occupied much of the Japanese Navy's time and attention. The plans for the Pearl Harbor attack arose out of the Japanese expectation the U.S. would be inevitably drawn into war after a Japanese attack against Malaya and Singapore. The intent of a preventive strike on Pearl Harbor was to neutralize American naval power in the Pacific, thus removing it from influencing operations against American, British, and Dutch colonies. Successful attacks on colonies were judged to\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4409035\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal The Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, also known as the \\\"Pearl Harbor Survivor’s Medal\\\", is a bronze commemorative medal which was established by the United States Congress on November 5, 1990 (P.L. 101-510, 104 Stat. 1721). To have been eligible for the award, \\\"a person must have been a member of the Armed Forces of the United States who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and who participated in combat operations that day against Imperial Japanese military forces attacking Hawaii. A person who was killed or wounded in that attack shall be deemed to have\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1433259\",\n \"text\": \"first permanent Marine garrison was assigned. Naval Air Station Midway was commissioned in August after the completion of runways and support structures, and a Marine garrison assigned shortly afterwards. In November Kimmel ordered to ferry Marine fighters and pilots to Wake Island to reinforce the garrison, and for to depart Pearl Harbor on 5 December to ferry Marine dive bombers to Midway. Because of these missions both aircraft carriers were not in Pearl Harbor during the later Japanese attack. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7, 1941, and resulted in the deaths of 2,403 U.S. military and 68\",\n \"title\": \"Husband E. Kimmel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7862808\",\n \"text\": \"Cornelia Fort Cornelia Clark Fort (February 5, 1919 – March 21, 1943) was a United States aviator who became famous for being part of two aviation-related events. The first occurred while conducting a civilian training flight at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 when she was the first United States pilot to encounter the Japanese air fleet during the Attack on Pearl Harbor. She and her student narrowly escaped a mid-air collision with the Japanese aircraft and a strafing attack after making an emergency landing. The following year, Fort became the second member of what was to become the Women\",\n \"title\": \"Cornelia Fort\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4019671\",\n \"text\": \"was a surprise repeatedly note that Roosevelt wanted (though he did not say so officially) the U.S. to intervene in the war against Germany. A basic understanding of the political situation of 1941 precludes any possibility the public wanted war. Thomas Fleming argued President Roosevelt wished for Germany or Japan to strike the first blow, but did not expect the United States to be hit as severely as it was in the attack on Pearl Harbor. An attack by Japan on the U.S. could not guarantee the U.S. would declare war on Germany. After such an attack, American public anger\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19775698\",\n \"text\": \"Dog It Down Dog It Down is a 2012 award-winning short film directed by Mark Haapala and produced by Kevin Connolly. It is based on the true story of three US Navy Sailors who were trapped under water for 17 days in an air-tight compartment aboard the during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Three US Navy sailors are trapped in an airtight compartment on the ocean floor aboard the during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941. Based on actual events. The film won Best Short Film of 2012 at the Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival.\",\n \"title\": \"Dog It Down\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10992367\",\n \"text\": \"the islands, and wait for the inevitable U.S. counterattack, Japan's military leaders instead decided on the preventive Pearl Harbor attack, which they assumed would negate the American forces needed for the liberation and reconquest of the islands. (The day after the Pearl Harbor attack, the Japanese indeed launched their invasion of the Philippines). Planning for the attack on Pearl Harbor had begun in very early 1941, by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He finally won assent from the Naval High Command by, among other things, threatening to resign. The attack was approved in the summer at an Imperial Conference and again at\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6195612\",\n \"text\": \"Atlantic and Pacific. During the attack on Pearl Harbor, \\\"Reid\\\"'s gunners fired at the Japanese planes and downed one of them. After the attack, \\\"Reid\\\" patrolled off the Hawaiian Islands, Palmyra Atoll, and Johnston Island during December. In January 1942, she escorted a convoy to San Francisco, California. Returning to Hawaii for more patrol duty, she later steamed to Midway Island, and then twice more escorted convoys from Pearl Harbor to San Francisco. Departing Pearl Harbor on 22 May 1942, \\\"Reid\\\" steamed north to bombard Japanese positions on Kiska Island, Alaska on 7 August 1942. She supported landings at Adak,\",\n \"title\": \"USS Reid (DD-369)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12272471\",\n \"text\": \"the section base at Bishop's Point on the island of Oahu on 28 August and began working on the nets that protected Pearl Harbor. She was at the Bishop's Point section base when the Japanese attacked American warships and installations at Pearl Harbor on the morning of 7 December 1941. Though she fired sporadically at some of the enemy planes during the two hours of the attack, she claimed no kills and suffered neither casualties nor damage. Following the attack, the ship served at Pearl Harbor through the end of the war. Redesignated \\\"AN-7\\\" on 20 December 1942, she was\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ash (AN-7)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12759095\",\n \"text\": \"46th Fighter Training Squadron The 46th Fighter Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the 917th Operations Group stationed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. It was inactivated on 1 October 1993. The 46th, who was initially assigned to the 15th Fighter/Pursuit Group, its history goes back to World War II, when the 15th Pursuit Group was largely destroyed during the 7 December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor at Hickam Field. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron was assigned to the VII Fighter Command. Re-equipped initially with P-39 Airacobras\",\n \"title\": \"46th Fighter Training Squadron\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9954169\",\n \"text\": \"Boy at War The Boy at War trilogy is a series of young adult historical novels by Harry Mazer. The first book, \\\"A Boy at War\\\" was released on April 3, 2001 and is based on the events of the attack on Pearl Harbor that initiated the United States' involvement in World War II. The books follow Adam Pelko, the son of a navy commander stationed at Pearl Harbor, during the Japanese attack of December 7, 1941. Adam Pelko, son of a naval commander Lieutenant Pelko is forced to move to Honolulu because his father is reassigned to Pearl Harbor.\",\n \"title\": \"Boy at War\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14429193\",\n \"text\": \"would be taking roles meant for Arlen. Minesweeper (film) Minesweeper is a 1943 American film directed by William A. Berke, and stars Richard Arlen, Jean Parker and Russell Hayden. The film is a fictional account of a former navy deserter who returns to duty after the attack on Pearl Harbor, under an assumed name as a sailor aboard a minesweeper in World War II. Lt. Richard Houston (Richard Arlen) is an officer in the U.S. Navy who deserted during peacetime service to escape gambling debts, and took up life as a hobo. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor spurs him\",\n \"title\": \"Minesweeper (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14429185\",\n \"text\": \"Minesweeper (film) Minesweeper is a 1943 American film directed by William A. Berke, and stars Richard Arlen, Jean Parker and Russell Hayden. The film is a fictional account of a former navy deserter who returns to duty after the attack on Pearl Harbor, under an assumed name as a sailor aboard a minesweeper in World War II. Lt. Richard Houston (Richard Arlen) is an officer in the U.S. Navy who deserted during peacetime service to escape gambling debts, and took up life as a hobo. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor spurs him to rejoin the Navy under the assumed\",\n \"title\": \"Minesweeper (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4962950\",\n \"text\": \"Infantry Regiments of the Puerto Rican National Guard, founded by Major General Luis R. Esteves, were called into Federal Active Service and assigned to the Puerto Rican Department in accordance with the existing War Plan Orange. There were no Puerto Rican military-related fatalities in the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor. However, there was one civilian Puerto Rican fatality. Daniel LaVerne was a Puerto Rican amateur boxer who was working at Pearl Harbor's Red Hill underground fuel tank construction project when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He died as a result of the injuries which he received during the attack. His\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of Puerto Rico\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11061365\",\n \"text\": \"battleship engagement in naval history, the Battle of Surigao Strait, where none of them were hit. During active duty, being well protected by escorts and air cover, none of the Pearl Harbor battleships suffered serious damage save for \\\"Pennsylvania\\\" which was permanently crippled by a torpedo in the closing stages of the war; on September 2, 1945, \\\"West Virginia\\\" was among the Allied fleet in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese officially surrendered. The attack on Pearl Harbor failed to sight, or destroy, any of the Pacific Fleet's three aircraft carriers; they had been designated as primary targets along with the\",\n \"title\": \"Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10992373\",\n \"text\": \"States slowly moved from being a neutral power to one preparing for war. In mid-1940, Roosevelt moved the U.S. Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to deter Japan. On October 8, 1940, Admiral James O. Richardson, Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, provoked a confrontation with Roosevelt by repeating his earlier arguments to Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Harold R. Stark and Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox that Pearl Harbor was the wrong place for his ships. Roosevelt believed relocating the fleet to Hawaii would exert a \\\"restraining influence\\\" on Japan. Richardson asked the President if the United States was\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14434169\",\n \"text\": \"rank of Captain and appointed the commanding officer of the Naval Station Tutuila, also in American Samoa. In October 1941, he was appointed the commanding officer of the heavy cruiser . A two months later (during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Hanson commanded USS \\\"Indianapolis\\\" during a training mission conducting a mock bombardment at Johnston Atoll. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hanson got order to search for Japanese carriers responsible for the attack, though the ship did not locate them. Hanson subsequently commanded USS \\\"Indianapolis\\\" during the New Guinea campaign and also during the Aleutian Islands Campaign in\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Hanson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6167930\",\n \"text\": \"operated out of Hawaii. \\\"Gridley\\\" cleared Pearl Harbor 28 November 1941 as part of the antisubmarine screen for the aircraft carrier , flagship of Admiral Halsey, and after a stop at Wake Island, reversed course for Pearl Harbor. The Task Force was approaching that base on the morning of 7 December when the message heralding the beginning of the war was received: \\\"Air raid on Pearl Harbor, this is no drill.\\\" \\\"Gridley\\\" entered the harbor next day to help protect against renewed attack, and during the next five months was occupied escorting transports and repair vessels to and from Pearl\",\n \"title\": \"USS Gridley (DD-380)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"703967\",\n \"text\": \"the attack on Pearl Harbor. Nishikaichi enlisted the support of three Japanese-American residents in an attempt to recover the documents. During the ensuing struggles, Nishikaichi was killed and a Hawaiian civilian was wounded; one collaborator committed suicide, and his wife and the third collaborator were sent to prison. The ease with which the local ethnic Japanese residents had apparently gone to the assistance of Nishikaichi was a source of concern for many, and tended to support those who believed that local Japanese could not be trusted. Admiral Hara Tadaichi summed up the Japanese result by saying, \\\"We won a great\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12166823\",\n \"text\": \"with \\\"Hoga\\\", are now the last remaining Naval Pearl Harbor surviving vessels. USS Nokomis (YT-142) USS \\\"Nokomis\\\" (YT-142/YTB-142/YTM-142) was a Woban-class harbor tug built in Bremerton, Wash, and assigned to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 1940. \\\"Nokomis\\\" was present during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. She was the first vessel on scene at the USS \\\"Arizona\\\", and was called off by the officers on deck because of the imminent explosion of the battery below deck. It then left and helped beach the USS \\\"Nevada\\\", with , and YT-153. The beaching of the Nevada saved Pearl Harbor's mouth\",\n \"title\": \"USS Nokomis (YT-142)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6801755\",\n \"text\": \"individuals and organizations who have supported our country and the Naval Academy. A wall is reserved by the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association to commemorate those who were killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor. One concourse is dedicated to Lt. Lloyd Garnett and his shipmates on the USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413) who earned their ship the reputation as the \\\"destroyer escort that fought like a battleship\\\" in the Battle of Leyte Gulf during World War II. A music room is named for Lt. Mark Lange, Class of 1979, whose A-6E Intruder (flying from USS John F. Kennedy) was shot\",\n \"title\": \"Alumni Hall (Navy)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4019648\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory The Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory is the argument that U.S. Government officials had advance knowledge of Japan's December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor. Ever since the Japanese attack; there has been debate as to how and why the United States had been caught off guard, and how much and when American officials knew of Japanese plans for an attack. In September 1944, John T. Flynn, a co-founder of the non-interventionist America First Committee, launched a Pearl Harbor counter-narrative when he published a forty-six page booklet entitled \\\"The Truth about Pearl Harbor\\\". Several writers,\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"591328\",\n \"text\": \"constitutive act with respect to genocide\\\"; see also war rape. In 2016, the International Criminal Court convicted someone of sexual violence for the first time; specifically, they added rape to a war crimes conviction of Congo Vice President Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo. War crimes also included deliberate attacks on citizens and property of neutral states as they fall under the category of non-combatants, as at the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. As the attack on Pearl Harbor happened without a declaration of war, without explicit warning, and went out of proportion, all military and civilian casualties at the harbor were officially\",\n \"title\": \"War crime\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1653272\",\n \"text\": \"gunnery courses, winning four medals in the latter. She participated in other fleet tactical development operations until 1939. In 1940, she was transferred to Pearl Harbor, to guard against potential Japanese attack, and was sunk by six torpedoes and two bombs during the attack on Pearl Harbor. On 17 May 1942, she was salvaged from the seabed by draining the water from her hull. After repairs in Pearl Harbor, she sailed to the Puget Sound Navy Yard. There she received an extensive refit, including the replacement of her /25 caliber anti-aircraft guns and single-purpose 5-inch/51 caliber guns with dual-purpose 5-inch/38\",\n \"title\": \"USS West Virginia (BB-48)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20322949\",\n \"text\": \"the attack. The naval vessel where the war ended on September 2, 1945—the last U.S. Navy battleship ever built, —is now a museum ship moored in Pearl Harbor, with its bow barely 1,000 feet (300 meters) southwest of the \\\"Arizona\\\" memorial. The last surviving vessels from the attack are also museum ships, the US Coast Guard cutter , which is located in the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, and the US Navy tug at the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture The attack on Pearl\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1568791\",\n \"text\": \"Cruz and San Francisco, California, Portland, Oregon, and points in between. During March 1940 she was en route to Lahaina Roads, Maui and then on to new home port of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. \\\"Phoenix\\\" then operated off the West Coast and was later based at Pearl Harbor. On 7 December 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor she was anchored north east of Ford Island near . Observers on board \\\"Phoenix\\\" sighted the rising sun of Japan on planes coming in low over Ford Island and a few seconds later the ship's guns took them under fire. \\\"Phoenix\\\" escaped the\",\n \"title\": \"USS Phoenix (CL-46)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6136294\",\n \"text\": \"exercised with the Battle Fleet in west coast waters until April 1940, when she accompanied her division to Pearl Harbor. Except for an overhaul at Puget Sound Navy Yard (February–March 1941) and exercises out of San Diego during April, she remained based at Pearl Harbor until war broke out as the flagship of Destroyer Division Seven of Destroyer Squadron Four. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 7 December 1941 caught \\\"Blue\\\" in port, but she safely made her way to sea with only four ensigns on board. She served with the offshore patrol in the approaches to Pearl Harbor during\",\n \"title\": \"USS Blue (DD-387)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11720013\",\n \"text\": \"James O. Richardson, was summarily replaced by Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, the new Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet. Upon assuming command in February 1941, Kimmel recruited McCormick to be assistant war plans officer on the Pacific Fleet staff, in which post McCormick was serving during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. After the Pearl Harbor disaster, Kimmel was relieved by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, who retained Kimmel's entire staff. McCormick became Nimitz' war plans officer in April 1942, serving in that capacity during the battles of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal. On June 30, 1942, McCormick was injured in\",\n \"title\": \"Lynde D. McCormick\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3230510\",\n \"text\": \"USS Arizona Memorial The USS \\\"Arizona\\\" Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the events of that day. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of Oahu led to the United States' direct involvement in World War II. The memorial, built in 1962, has been visited by more than two million people annually. Accessible only by boat, it straddles the sunken hull of the battleship without touching it. Historical information about\",\n \"title\": \"USS Arizona Memorial\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2206254\",\n \"text\": \"months' notice of intent to cancel the treaty, beginning the policy of putting pressure on Japan that led to the Attack on Pearl Harbor. On the day of the Pearl Harbor attack however his position changed radically. In his private papers he wrote that at Pearl Harbor, isolationism died for any realist. In the end, only one member of Congress, Republican Jeannette Rankin, voted against war with Japan. In the election of 1940, Vandenberg secured a third term in the Senate by defeating Democratic challenger Frank Fitzpatrick by over 100,000 votes. During World War II, Vandenberg's position on American foreign\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Vandenberg\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1753647\",\n \"text\": \"following day, another cargo ship was also sent to the bottom. \\\"Skate\\\" terminated her fifth patrol at Pearl Harbor on 7 August. Departing Pearl Harbor on 9 September, \\\"Skate\\\" sailed for the Ryukyu Islands and her sixth war patrol, during which she performed photographic reconnaissance of Okinawa and, on 29 September, sank a small patrol craft and a cargo ship. Following her return to Pearl Harbor, she got underway for overhaul at Hunters Point Navy Yard, San Francisco, California. \\\"Skate\\\" got underway from Pearl Harbor for her seventh war patrol on 11 April 1945, to form a coordinated attack group\",\n \"title\": \"USS Skate (SS-305)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"187439\",\n \"text\": \"Islands also fell to Allied forces during the war. The Pacific front saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between the belligerents Japan and the United States. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941 (8 December in Japan). The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4885523\",\n \"text\": \"history under Lloyd Gardner at Rutgers and Jules Davids at Georgetown. He did a considerable amount of research on the origins of the Pearl Harbor attack, doing a master's thesis on the topic at Georgetown, the substance of which was later published as \\\"Coverup: The Politics of Pearl Harbor, 1941–1946\\\". He was closely advised by Percy Greaves, who had been the Republican counsel to the congressional committee investigating the Pearl Harbor attack in 1946. In 1976, Bartlett changed careers, going to work for U.S. Congressman Ron Paul (R-Texas). Bartlett spent much of his time working with the House Banking Committee,\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce Bartlett\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20322947\",\n \"text\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture The attack on Pearl Harbor has received substantial attention in popular culture in multiple media and cultural formats including film, architecture, memorial statues, non-fiction writing, historical writing, and historical fiction. Today, the USS \\\"Arizona\\\" Memorial on the island of Oahu honors the dead. Visitors to the memorial reach it via boats from the naval base at Pearl Harbor. The memorial was designed by Alfred Preis, and has a sagging center but strong and vigorous ends, expressing \\\"initial defeat and ultimate victory\\\". It commemorates all lives lost on December 7, 1941. Although December 7\",\n \"title\": \"Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13043853\",\n \"text\": \"Remembrance Day. It became (Patriotic and National Observances and Ceremonies) of the United States Code. On Pearl Harbor Day, the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset to honor those who died as a result of the attack on U.S. military forces in Hawaii. Pearl Harbor Day is not a federal holiday – government offices, schools, and businesses do not close. Some organizations may hold special events in memory of those killed or injured at Pearl Harbor. On Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service attacked Naval Station Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii\",\n \"title\": \"National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20271806\",\n \"text\": \"was more focused on the scout bomber role. This air group was embarked on board the \\\"Yorktown\\\"-class aircraft carrier at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. On 7 December 1941, eighteen SBD Dauntless scout bombers of squadrons VS-6 and VB-6 arrived over Pearl Harbor during the attack and, although surprised, immediately went into action in defense of the naval base. Scouting Six lost six planes during the attack, and Bombing Six lost one, killing eight airmen and wounding two others. Later that evening, six VF-6 Wildcats attempted to land at Ford Island, but five were accidentally shot down\",\n \"title\": \"Enterprise Air Group\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3987038\",\n \"text\": \"attack on Pearl Harbor. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Vice President Henry A. Wallace won the election of 1940, and were at the helm of the nation as it prepared for and entered World War II. Roosevelt sought and won an unprecedented fourth term in office in 1944, but this time with Harry S. Truman as his Vice President. Roosevelt, who had been a victim of polio early in life, died in April 1945, and Truman assumed the Presidency through the end of the war. The Joint Chiefs were military officers, as opposed to the above, who were for the\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5098555\",\n \"text\": \"states that the Japanese opened their attack on Pearl Harbor at 0756 and that \\\"Thornton's\\\" crew, led by four reserve ensigns, was at action stations two minutes later. They fought back with every available weapon: four .50-cal. machine guns, three Lewis guns, three Browning automatic rifles, and twelve .30-cal., bolt-action Springfields. The combined fire of \\\"Thornton\\\" and accounted for at least one Japanese torpedo bomber and probably discouraged two more from making a run on as the oiler changed berths during the second dive-bombing attack between 0910 and 0917. \\\"Thornton\\\" suffered no casualties during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Following\",\n \"title\": \"USS Thornton (DD-270)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7428738\",\n \"text\": \"ensemble \\\"Pride\\\" as well as with the Wind Ensemble and the Ceremonial Band. Since before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Navy Bands have been stationed in Hawaii either on ships home ported at Pearl Harbor, or attached to Navy shore installations at Pearl Harbor, Barbers Point and Waikiki. The most recognized and highly decorated Navy Band associated with Hawaii was Unit Band 22. This was the band stationed on board at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. On the night of 6 December 1941, there was a band competition called the \\\"Battle of Music\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Navy Music Program\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15138896\",\n \"text\": \"she was donated to the USS \\\"Missouri\\\" Memorial Association and became a museum ship at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl\",\n \"title\": \"Naval Station Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5897201\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Harbor, as part of Destroyer Squadron 1. In port 7 December 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor, \\\"Macdonough\\\" downed one of the Japanese attack planes before heading out to sea to join others in the search for the Japanese task force. For the next 3½ months, the destroyer performed scouting assignments southwest of Oahu. Before returning to Pearl Harbor to escort convoys to and from west coast ports, she steamed as far as New Guinea, supporting airstrikes on Bougainville, Salamaua, and Lae. \\\"Macdonough\\\" returned to the western Pacific to prepare for the Guadalcanal invasion. Operating with \\\"Saratoga\\\", she\",\n \"title\": \"USS Macdonough (DD-351)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2685447\",\n \"text\": \"tour of Latin America in 1928. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, she served as a mainstay of fleet readiness through tireless training operations. In 1940, \\\"Maryland\\\" changed her base of operations to Pearl Harbor. She was present at Battleship Row along Ford Island during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Damaged during the attack, \\\"Maryland\\\" reported to the Puget Sound Navy Yard, where she was repaired and modernized. \\\"Maryland\\\" supported the amphibious landings during the Battle of Tarawa, and thereafter participated in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, the Battle\",\n \"title\": \"Colorado-class battleship\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6574758\",\n \"text\": \"had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin, than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of many raids on Darwin. This event is often called the \\\"Pearl Harbor of Australia\\\". Although it was a less significant target, a greater number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than were used in the attack on Pearl Harbor. As was the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Darwin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10992401\",\n \"text\": \"16-inch (356- and 406-mm) naval shells. These were able to penetrate the lightly armored decks of the old battleships. At several stages during 1941, Japan's military leaders discussed the possibility of launching an invasion to seize the Hawaiian Islands; this would provide Japan with a strategic base to shield its new empire, deny the United States any bases beyond the West coast and further isolate Australia and New Zealand. Genda, who saw Hawaii as vital for American operations against Japan after war began, believed Japan must follow any attack on Pearl Harbor with an invasion of Hawaii or risk losing\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10886567\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. West Coast, and around Hawaii, Wake Island, and to the Panama Canal. On one such trip, \\\"Seminole\\\" departed Pearl Harbor en route to San Diego. At 1317 on 7 December 1941, however, the ocean-going tug sounded general quarters, reversed her course, and anchored at Pearl Harbor on the 12th. With her sister ship, , the \\\"Seminole\\\" operated in Pearl Harbor during the busy, hectic days following the Japanese attack. On 15 February 1942, however, \\\"Seminole\\\" embarked a salvage team and departed Pearl Harbor for Canton Island where, from 21 February to 24 March 1942, she assisted in unsuccessful salvage\",\n \"title\": \"USS Seminole (AT-65)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20024428\",\n \"text\": \"attack on Pearl Harbor, Hall was stationed at the Marine barracks at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, Hawaii, as commanding officer of the 2nd Engineer Battalion. He participated in the defense of the island and later in salvage operations and was decorated with the Navy Commendation Medal for his leadership during the attack. The 2nd Engineer Battalion rejoined the 2nd Marine Division and sailed for South Pacific in May 1942. He was promoted to the rank of colonel on Mary 21, 1942, and was the first commanding officer of the 18th Marine Regiment, 2d Marine Division, on September 8, 1942. During\",\n \"title\": \"Elmer E. Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7619343\",\n \"text\": \"Robert R. Scott Robert Raymond Scott (July 13, 1915 – December 7, 1941) was a United States Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Robert Raymond Scott was born in Massillon, Ohio on July 13, 1915 and enlisted in the United States Navy on April 18, 1938. Machinist's Mate First Class Scott was assigned to when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The compartment containing the air compressor to which Scott was assigned as his battle station was flooded as a result of a torpedo\",\n \"title\": \"Robert R. Scott\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8610433\",\n \"text\": \"while hiking the local Aiea Hills. His body was never found and was the subject of much local news coverage and rumor before being overshadowed by the Pearl Harbor attack. Commander Latimore was declared legally dead in July 1942. \\\"Dobbin\\\" was present during the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. At the time of the attack she was moored northeast of Ford Island with five destroyers, , , , and . \\\"Dobbin\\\"s crew watched as Japanese planes targeted Battleship Row, but as the battleships each took heavy damage the Japanese pilots looked for other targets. Seeing that the\",\n \"title\": \"USS Dobbin (AD-3)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9741521\",\n \"text\": \"Annie Fox (nurse) Lt. Annie G. Fox (August 4, 1893 – January 20, 1987) was the first woman to receive the Purple Heart for combat. She served as the chief nurse in the Army Nurse Corps at Hickam Field during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. At that time the awarding of the Purple Heart did not require the service person to be injured. The requirements were changed after the attack of Pearl Harbor and Lt. Fox was awarded the Bronze Star because Fox was not wounded in the attack. First Lieutenant Annie G. Fox was\",\n \"title\": \"Annie Fox (nurse)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9741516\",\n \"text\": \"Annie Fox (nurse) Lt. Annie G. Fox (August 4, 1893 – January 20, 1987) was the first woman to receive the Purple Heart for combat. She served as the chief nurse in the Army Nurse Corps at Hickam Field during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. At that time the awarding of the Purple Heart did not require the service person to be injured. The requirements were changed after the attack of Pearl Harbor and Lt. Fox was awarded the Bronze Star because Fox was not wounded in the attack. First Lieutenant Annie G. Fox was\",\n \"title\": \"Annie Fox (nurse)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20911186\",\n \"text\": \"June 1940. Following his graduation, he was promoted to the rank of Captain and commanded Rifle and Pistol Team. Shaw sailed for Pearl Harbor in October 1940 and assumed duty as Commander of Company A at Marine Barracks, Pearl Harbor Navy Yard under Colonel Gilder D. Jackson. He was present during the Japanese attack on the Harbor on December 7, 1941 and participated in the anti-aircraft defense. Shaw was promoted to major in May 1942 and to lieutenant colonel in April 1943. Captain Shaw later described the events of Japanese attack as following: He was transferred to the staff of\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel R. Shaw\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2692185\",\n \"text\": \"homeports from Naval Submarine Base New London to Naval Station Pearl Harbor. She left Groton for Pearl Harbor on 22 July 2010 and arrived at her new homeport, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, on Monday, 15 November 2010 after her four-month transfer activities. During the transfer, the officers and crew of \\\"North Carolina\\\" conducted a series of exercises designed to test the boat's new combat systems and stealth capabilities. \\\"North Carolina\\\" is the third \\\"Virginia\\\"-class attack submarine to be homeported at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam and is assigned to Commander, Submarine Squadron 1. Received squadron 1 battle E for year 2015.\",\n \"title\": \"USS North Carolina (SSN-777)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7626610\",\n \"text\": \"so the remainder of the turret crew could see to escape, thereby sacrificing his own life. In 1943, the destroyer escort , was named in honor of Seaman First Class Ward. James R. Ward James Richard Ward (September 10, 1921 – December 7, 1941) was a US Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1940. After basic training, he reported on board the battleship . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,\",\n \"title\": \"James R. Ward\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"138991\",\n \"text\": \"Japan. After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. On December 11, 1941, Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. A majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy theories that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded. Senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, but they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had expected that the Japanese would attack either the Dutch East\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10992417\",\n \"text\": \"the Japanese approach, he would have sortied to meet them. With the American carriers absent and Kimmel's battleships at a severe disadvantage to the Japanese carriers, the likely result would have been the sinking of the American battleships at sea in deep water, where they would have been lost forever with tremendous casualties (as many as twenty thousand dead), instead of in Pearl Harbor, where the crews could easily be rescued, and six battleships ultimately raised. Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor A series of events led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. War between Japan and the\",\n \"title\": \"Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15138872\",\n \"text\": \"Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl Harbor provides berthing and shore side support to surface ships and submarines, as well as maintenance and training.\",\n \"title\": \"Naval Station Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7619489\",\n \"text\": \"destroyer escort was named in his honor. Jackson C. Pharris Jackson Charles Pharris (June 26, 1912 – October 17, 1966) was an officer in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for heroism during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Jackson C. Pharris grew up in Columbus, Georgia, the oldest of five children. He joined the United States Navy on April 25, 1933. In September 1933, he reported aboard the as a gunner. He was assigned to the USS Mississippi until December 1940. Pharris reported aboard the USS California in January 1941. The ship reached Pearl Harbor on\",\n \"title\": \"Jackson C. Pharris\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"79"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"where does the umbilical vein enter the circulation of the fetus"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the portal vein"],"string":"[\n \"the portal vein\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"6360123","text":"of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \"foramen ovale\"), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"11950970","text":"growing fetus, a major source of blood to the liver is the umbilical vein, which supplies nutrients to the growing fetus. The umbilical vein enters the abdomen at the umbilicus and passes upward along the free margin of the falciform ligament of the liver to the inferior surface of the liver. There, it joins with the left branch of the portal vein. The ductus venosus carries blood from the left portal vein to the left hepatic vein and then to the inferior vena cava, allowing placental blood to bypass the liver. In the fetus, the liver does not perform the","title":"Liver"},{"docid":"6360127","text":"\"ductus venosus\" and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the other half enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \"foramen ovale\"), and most of the blood flows from the right into the left atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"12661949","text":"from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. About half of this enters the fetal \"ductus venosus\" and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the other half enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \"foramen ovale\"), and most of the blood flows from the right","title":"Fetus"},{"docid":"6360123","text":"of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \"foramen ovale\"), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"9982852","text":"to the omental foramen and posterior to both the bile duct, which is slightly to the right, and the hepatic artery proper, which is slightly to the left. On approaching the liver, the portal vein divides into right and left branches which enter the liver parenchyma. It gives off the right and left gastric veins, the cystic vein and the para-umbilical veins as tributaries. There is another human portal venous system, the hypophyseal portal system, which transports hormones from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. Portal venous system In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when","title":"Portal venous system"},{"docid":"7353222","text":"Wolfhounds and Labrador Retrievers tend to be intrahepatic (inside the liver). Acquired PSS is uncommon and is found in dogs and cats with liver disease such as cirrhosis causing portal hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the portal vein. Congenital PSS is caused by the failure of the fetal circulatory system of the liver to change. Normally, the blood from the placenta bypasses the liver and goes into circulation via the ductus venosus, a blood vessel found in the fetus. A failure of the ductus venosus to close causes an intrahepatic shunt, while extrahepatic shunts are usually a developmental","title":"Portosystemic shunt"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360123\",\n \"text\": \"of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \\\"foramen ovale\\\"), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11950970\",\n \"text\": \"growing fetus, a major source of blood to the liver is the umbilical vein, which supplies nutrients to the growing fetus. The umbilical vein enters the abdomen at the umbilicus and passes upward along the free margin of the falciform ligament of the liver to the inferior surface of the liver. There, it joins with the left branch of the portal vein. The ductus venosus carries blood from the left portal vein to the left hepatic vein and then to the inferior vena cava, allowing placental blood to bypass the liver. In the fetus, the liver does not perform the\",\n \"title\": \"Liver\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360127\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"ductus venosus\\\" and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the other half enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \\\"foramen ovale\\\"), and most of the blood flows from the right into the left atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12661949\",\n \"text\": \"from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. About half of this enters the fetal \\\"ductus venosus\\\" and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the other half enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \\\"foramen ovale\\\"), and most of the blood flows from the right\",\n \"title\": \"Fetus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360123\",\n \"text\": \"of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \\\"foramen ovale\\\"), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9982852\",\n \"text\": \"to the omental foramen and posterior to both the bile duct, which is slightly to the right, and the hepatic artery proper, which is slightly to the left. On approaching the liver, the portal vein divides into right and left branches which enter the liver parenchyma. It gives off the right and left gastric veins, the cystic vein and the para-umbilical veins as tributaries. There is another human portal venous system, the hypophyseal portal system, which transports hormones from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. Portal venous system In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when\",\n \"title\": \"Portal venous system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7353222\",\n \"text\": \"Wolfhounds and Labrador Retrievers tend to be intrahepatic (inside the liver). Acquired PSS is uncommon and is found in dogs and cats with liver disease such as cirrhosis causing portal hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the portal vein. Congenital PSS is caused by the failure of the fetal circulatory system of the liver to change. Normally, the blood from the placenta bypasses the liver and goes into circulation via the ductus venosus, a blood vessel found in the fetus. A failure of the ductus venosus to close causes an intrahepatic shunt, while extrahepatic shunts are usually a developmental\",\n \"title\": \"Portosystemic shunt\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"12661950","text":"into the left atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a","title":"Fetus"},{"docid":"2972973","text":"Umbilical vein The umbilical vein is a vein present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta into the growing fetus. The umbilical vein provides convenient access to the central circulation of a neonate for restoration of blood volume and for administration of glucose and drugs. The blood pressure inside the umbilical vein is approximately 20 mmHg. The unpaired umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood derived from fetal-maternal blood exchange at the chorionic villi. More than two-thirds of fetal hepatic circulation is via the main portal vein, while the remainder is shunted from the left portal","title":"Umbilical vein"},{"docid":"6360128","text":"where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \"ductus arteriosus\", which directs most of this blood","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"6360126","text":"system, form relatively early during embryonic development, but continue to grow and develop in complexity in the growing fetus. A functional circulatory system is a biological necessity, since mammalian tissues can not grow more than a few cell layers thick without an active blood supply. The prenatal circulation of blood is different than the postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. The fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. About half of this enters the fetal","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"6360122","text":"The fetal circulation of humans has been extensively studied by the health sciences. Much is known also of fetal circulation in other animals, especially livestock and model organisms such as mice, through the health sciences, veterinary science, and life sciences generally. Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. In humans, less than a third of this enters the fetal \"ductus venosus\" and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the rest enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"10943711","text":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling \"For other uses see PUBS ( page)\" Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS), also called cordocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or umbilical vein sampling is a diagnostic genetic test that examines blood from the fetal umbilical cord to detect fetal abnormalities. Fetal and maternal blood supply are typically connected in utero with one vein and two arteries to the fetus. The umbilical vein is responsible for delivering oxygen rich blood to the fetus from the mother; the umbilical arteries are responsible for removing oxygen poor blood from the fetus. This allows for the fetus’ tissues to","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"1776219","text":"The entire intact umbilical cord is allowed to dry and separates on its own (typically on the 3rd day after birth), falling off and leaving a healed umbilicus. As the umbilical vein is directly connected to the central circulation, it can be used as a route for placement of a venous catheter for infusion and medication. The umbilical vein catheter is a reliable alternative to percutaneous peripheral or central venous catheters or intraosseous canulas and may be employed in resuscitation or intensive care of the newborn. From 24 to 34 weeks of gestation, when the fetus is typically viable, blood","title":"Umbilical cord"},{"docid":"1776202","text":"Umbilical cord In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low oxygen containing blood, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops","title":"Umbilical cord"},{"docid":"2972974","text":"vein via the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava, eventually being delivered to the fetal right atrium. Closure of the umbilical vein usually occurs after the umbilical arteries have closed. This prolongs the communication between the placenta and fetal heart, allowing for a sort of autotransfusion of remaining blood from the placenta to the fetus. Within a week of birth, the neonate's umbilical vein is completely obliterated and is replaced by a fibrous cord called the round ligament of the liver (also called \"ligamentum teres hepatis\"). It extends from the umbilicus to the transverse fissure, where it joins with","title":"Umbilical vein"},{"docid":"6556772","text":"passed through the umbilical opening, the two arteries, now termed umbilical, enter the umbilical cord, where they are coiled around the umbilical vein, and ultimately ramify in the placenta. At birth, when the placental circulation ceases, the pelvic portion only of the umbilical artery remains patent gives rise to the superior vesical artery (or arteries) of the adult; the remainder of the vessel is converted into a solid fibrous cord, the medial umbilical ligament (otherwise known as the obliterated hypogastric artery) which extends from the pelvis to the umbilicus. In two-thirds of a large number of cases, the length of","title":"Internal iliac artery"},{"docid":"1776206","text":"carry blood away. The blood flow through the umbilical cord is approximately 35 ml / min at 20 weeks, and 240 ml / min at 40 weeks of gestation. Adapted to the weight of the fetus, this corresponds to 115 ml / min / kg at 20 weeks and 64 ml / min / kg at 40 weeks. The umbilical cord enters the fetus via the abdomen, at the point which (after separation) will become the umbilicus (or navel). Within the fetus, the umbilical vein continues towards the transverse fissure of the liver, where it splits into two. One of","title":"Umbilical cord"},{"docid":"6360125","text":"circulatory system of the mother is not directly connected to that of the fetus, so the placenta functions as the respiratory center for the fetus as well as a site of filtration for plasma nutrients and wastes. Water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts freely diffuse across the placenta along with oxygen. The uterine arteries carry blood to the placenta, and the blood permeates the sponge-like material there. Oxygen then diffuses from the placenta to the chorionic villus, an alveolus-like structure, where it is then carried to the umbilical vein. The heart and blood vessels which form the circulatory","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"2972976","text":"against the round ligament is sufficient to recanalize the structure. This leads to a condition called Caput medusae. A newborn baby has a patent umbilical vein for at least a week after birth. This umbilical vein may be catheterised for ready intravenous access. It may be used as a site for regular transfusion in cases of erythroblastosis or hemolytic disease. It also provides a route for measuring central venous pressure. Umbilical vein The umbilical vein is a vein present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta into the growing fetus. The umbilical vein provides convenient access to","title":"Umbilical vein"},{"docid":"6360121","text":"Fetal circulation In animals that give live birth, the fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a fetus. The term usually encompasses the entire fetoplacental circulation, which includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood. The fetal (prenatal) circulation works differently from normal postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. Instead, the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. The advent of breathing and the severance of the umbilical cord prompt various neuroendocrine changes that shortly transform fetal circulation into postnatal circulation.","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"6360133","text":"weeks of gestation, increasing to ca 30 mmHg at 40 weeks of gestation. The blood pressure decreases when passing through the placenta. In the arteria umbilicalis, it is ca 50 mmHg. It falls to 30 mmHg in the capillaries in the villi. Subsequently, the pressure is 20 mm Hg in the umbilical vein, returning to the heart. The blood flow through the umbilical cord is approximately 35 mL/min at 20 weeks, and 240 mL/min at 40 weeks of gestation. Adapted to the weight of the fetus, this corresponds to 115 mL/min/kg at 20 weeks and 64 mL/min/kg at 40 weeks.","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"3315577","text":"Umbilical artery The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. The umbilical arteries supply deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. Although this blood is typically referred to as deoxygenated, it is important to note that this blood is fetal systemic arterial blood and will have the same amount of oxygen and nutrients as blood distributed to the other fetal tissues. There are usually two umbilical arteries present together with one umbilical vein in","title":"Umbilical artery"},{"docid":"6360135","text":"pregnancy bleeding, the detection of cardiac activity is the main finding that distinguishes a viable pregnancy from a silent miscarriage. Fetal circulation In animals that give live birth, the fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a fetus. The term usually encompasses the entire fetoplacental circulation, which includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood. The fetal (prenatal) circulation works differently from normal postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. Instead, the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. The advent of","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"2965084","text":"in which there may be a delay in cessation of HbF production until 3–5 years of age. In adults, fetal hemoglobin production can be reactivated pharmacologically, which is useful in the treatment of diseases such as sickle-cell disease. Oxygenated blood is delivered to the fetus via the umbilical vein from the placenta, which is anchored to the wall of the mother's uterus. The chorion acts as a barrier between the maternal and fetal circulation so that there is no admixture of maternal and fetal blood. Blood in the maternal circulation is delivered via open ended arterioles to the intervillous space","title":"Fetal hemoglobin"},{"docid":"1776205","text":"carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the fetus, and two arteries that carry deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood away. Occasionally, only two vessels (one vein and one artery) are present in the umbilical cord. This is sometimes related to fetal abnormalities, but it may also occur without accompanying problems. It is unusual for a vein to carry oxygenated blood and for arteries to carry deoxygenated blood (the only other examples being the pulmonary veins and arteries, connecting the lungs to the heart). However, this naming convention reflects the fact that the umbilical vein carries blood towards the fetus's heart, while the umbilical arteries","title":"Umbilical cord"},{"docid":"6360124","text":"the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation. Some of the blood entering the right atrium does not pass directly to the left atrium through the \"foramen ovale\", but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \"ductus arteriosus\", which directs most of this blood away from the lungs (which are not being used for respiration at this point as the fetus is suspended in amniotic fluid). The","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"2713184","text":"late-stage emphysema and certain types of muscular dystrophy, compensatory mechanisms will be unable to reverse this acidotic condition. As metabolic bicarbonate production becomes exhausted, and extraneous bicarbonate infusion can no longer reverse the extreme buildup of carbon dioxide associated with uncompensated respiratory acidosis, mechanical ventilation will usually be applied. In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.20 to 7.38). In the fetus, the lungs are not used for ventilation. Instead, the placenta performs ventilatory functions (gas exchange). Fetal respiratory acidemia","title":"Acidosis"},{"docid":"10943728","text":"a build-up of fluid in at least 2 parts of the fetus. Suspicion of fetal infections, such as rubella and toxoplasmosis, as well as the need to supply medicine or blood transfusions to the fetus are indications for the use of PUBS. Due to its invasive nature, the contraindications of PUBS, reasons to not undergo the procedure, must be taken into account in order to ensure the safety of the fetus and the mother. During the first 18 weeks of pregnancy, the umbilical vein from which the blood sample is taken is not very stable, which could lead to excessive","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"9836629","text":"Umbilical line An umbilical line is a catheter that is inserted into one of the two arteries or the vein of the umbilical cord. Generally the UAC/UVC (Umbilical Artery Catheter/Umbilical Vein Catheter) is used in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) as it provides quick access to the central circulation of premature infants. UAC/UVC lines can be placed at the time of birth and allow medical staff to quickly infuse fluids, inotropic drugs, and blood if required. It is sometimes used in term or near-term newborns in whom the umbilical cord stump is still connected to the circulatory system. Medications, fluids,","title":"Umbilical line"},{"docid":"5647298","text":"Ductus venosus In the fetus, the ductus venosus (Arantius' duct after Julius Caesar Aranzi) shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver. Compared to the 50% shunting of umbilical blood through the ductus venosus found in animal experiments, the degree of shunting in the human fetus under physiological conditions is considerably less, 30% at 20 weeks, which decreases to 18% at 32 weeks, suggesting a higher priority of the fetal liver than previously realized. In conjunction with the other fetal","title":"Ductus venosus"},{"docid":"9316181","text":"alkalosis then an acidaemia is the inevitable result. The same considerations determine whether an alkalosis results in an alkalaemia or not. The normal pH in the fetus differs from that in the adult. In the fetus, the pH in the umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45 and that in the umbilical artery is normally 7.18 to 7.38. Acid–base homeostasis Acid–base homeostasis is the homeostatic regulation of the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF). The proper balance between the acids and bases (i.e. the pH) in the ECF is crucial for the normal physiology of the body, and","title":"Acid–base homeostasis"},{"docid":"2713182","text":"compensated for adequately by the lungs or kidneys ,neutralizing the acidosis with infusions of bicarbonate may be required. In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). Fetal metabolic acidemia is defined as an umbilical vessel pH of less than 7.20 and a base excess of less than −8. Respiratory acidosis results from a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercapnia) due to hypoventilation. It is most often caused by pulmonary problems, although head injuries, drugs (especially anaesthetics","title":"Acidosis"},{"docid":"12661948","text":"than postmature birth, which occurs in 3% to 12% of pregnancies. The heart and blood vessels of the circulatory system, form relatively early during embryonic development, but continue to grow and develop in complexity in the growing fetus. A functional circulatory system is a biological necessity, since mammalian tissues can not grow more than a few cell layers thick without an active blood supply. The prenatal circulation of blood is different than the postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. The fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Blood","title":"Fetus"},{"docid":"5647300","text":"is open at the time of birth and is the reason why umbilical vein catheterization works. The ductus venosus naturally closes during the first week of life in most full-term neonates; however, it may take much longer to close in pre-term neonates. Functional closure occurs within minutes of birth. Structural closure in term babies occurs within 3 to 7 days. After it closes, the remnant is known as ligamentum venosum. Ductus venosus In the fetus, the ductus venosus (Arantius' duct after Julius Caesar Aranzi) shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava.","title":"Ductus venosus"},{"docid":"766192","text":"from the chorion and allantois. In humans, the placenta averages 22 cm (9 inch) in length and 2–2.5 cm (0.8–1 inch) in thickness, with the center being the thickest, and the edges being the thinnest. It typically weighs approximately 500 grams (just over 1 lb). It has a dark reddish-blue or crimson color. It connects to the fetus by an umbilical cord of approximately 55–60 cm (22–24 inch) in length, which contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord inserts into the chorionic plate (has an eccentric attachment). Vessels branch out over the surface of the placenta","title":"Placenta"},{"docid":"5647299","text":"shunts, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, it plays a critical role in preferentially shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain. It is a part of fetal circulation. The pathway of fetal umbilical venous flow is umbilical vein to left portal vein to ductus venosus to inferior vena cava and eventually the right atrium. This anatomic course is important in the assessment of neonatal umbilical venous catheterization, as failure to cannulate through the ductus venosus results in malpositioned hepatic catheterization via the left or right portal veins. Complications of such positioning can include hepatic hematoma or abscess. The ductus venosus","title":"Ductus venosus"},{"docid":"11944899","text":"more bicarbonate by decreasing hydrogen ion secretion from the tubular epithelial cells, and lowering rates of glutamine metabolism and ammonia excretion. Acid–base imbalance Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). It can exist in varying levels of severity, some life-threatening. An excess of acid is called acidosis","title":"Acid–base imbalance"},{"docid":"11944894","text":"Acid–base imbalance Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). It can exist in varying levels of severity, some life-threatening. An excess of acid is called acidosis or acidemia and an excess in bases is called alkalosis or alkalemia. The process that causes the imbalance is classified based","title":"Acid–base imbalance"},{"docid":"677616","text":"circulation does not include the lungs, which are bypassed via the truncus arteriosus. Before birth the fetus obtains oxygen (and nutrients) from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. The human arterial system originates from the aortic arches and from the dorsal aortae starting from week 4 of embryonic life. The first and second aortic arches regress and forms only the maxillary arteries and stapedial arteries respectively. The arterial system itself arises from aortic arches 3, 4 and 6 (aortic arch 5 completely regresses). The dorsal aortae, present on the dorsal side of the embryo, are initially present","title":"Circulatory system"},{"docid":"8174266","text":"an individual is normally evoked as a fetus. This is known as maternal-fetal tolerance where B cells expressing receptors specific for a particular antigen enter the circulation of the developing fetus via the placenta. After pre-B cells leave the bone marrow where they are synthesized, they are moved to the bone marrow where the maturation of B cells occurs. It is here where the first wave of B cell tolerance arises. Within the bone marrow, pre-B cells will encounter various self and foreign antigens present in the thymus that enter the thymus from peripheral sites via the circulatory system. Within","title":"Molecular mimicry"},{"docid":"1803874","text":"for vascular surgeons, when available, for doing peripheral arterial bypass operations [ see vascular bypass ]. The saphenous vein may undergo vein graft failure after engraftment, but still it has superior long-term patency compared to synthetic grafts (PTFE, PETE (Dacron)), human umbilical vein grafts or biosynthetic grafts [Omniflow]. Often, it is used \"in situ\" (in place), after tying off smaller tributaries and destruction of the venous valves with a device called valvulotome, e.g. LeMaitre's valvulotome. Removal of the saphenous vein will not hinder normal circulation in the leg. The blood that previously flowed through the saphenous vein will change its","title":"Great saphenous vein"},{"docid":"10943724","text":"are self-resolved within five minutes. The complication of infection has a low incidence rate, and preventative measures are implemented against the risk of infection, such as antibiotic usage and the aseptic technique. However, vertical transmission of a virus such as HIV may occur. Fetal loss may also occur, especially in the presence of several risk factors, including fetal abnormalities, operator errors, placental penetration, and viability of the fetus. Intrahepatic vein fetal blood sampling may be done as an alternative to PUBS. It involves the needle being inserted into the intrahepatic part of the umbilical cord in the fetal abdomen. The","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"4081551","text":"and motor activity which is often manifested as sleep. This period can last from 1-2 hours. The third stage marks the second period of reactivity. This period can occur anywhere in the first 2 to 8 hours after birth and lasts anywhere from 10 minutes to several hours. Tachycardia and tachypnea may be present during brief periods. Passing of meconium also occurs. Physiology: In utero, the placenta delivers oxygenated blood to the fetus through the umbilical vein. Upon delivery, the umbilical cord is cut. The cardiovascular system must now adapt.The detachment of the placenta causes an increase in systemic vascular","title":"Adaptation to extrauterine life"},{"docid":"10943714","text":"procedure he used to obtain fetal tissue could be used to obtain fetal blood, and in 1973, he was able to sample fetal vessels; fetoscopy was used and refined between 1974 and 1983 as a prenatal test to determine fetal status as well as obtain fetal blood and perform transfusions in some cases. Fetoscopy is a procedure in which a device is inserted through the abdomen of the mother in order to visualize the fetus. The first documented use of PUBS came in 1983 by Daffos and colleagues who sampled blood from an umbilical vein with a needle and monitored","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"10585963","text":"three months of age. In older dogs, this type of migration occurs less frequently, and at six months it is almost ceased. Instead, the L travel to a wide range of organs, including the liver, lungs, brain, heart and skeletal muscles, as well as to the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. In pregnant female dogs, prenatal infection can occur, where larvae become mobilized (at about three weeks prior to parturition) and migrate through the umbilical vein to the lungs of the fetus, here molting into the L stage just prior to birth. In the newborn pup, the cycle is completed","title":"Toxocara canis"},{"docid":"7990975","text":"blood. The foramen secundum and foramen ovale act as a shunt where blood bypasses the lungs and does not become oxygenated. To provide proper blood flow as a newborn, the foramen secundum and foramen ovale must close at birth. Since the lungs now require a significant amount of blood flow, the vessels going to and from the lungs undergo dilation. While the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins are dilating, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein are severed at the cutting of the umbilical cord, or the funiculus umbilicalis. This combination results in a reversal of pressure differences between the atria,","title":"Foramen secundum"},{"docid":"9352664","text":"fetus is being exposed to testosterone is to test the placenta and umbilical cord for testosterone. The placenta has a mechanism for converting hormones from the mother into hormones that the fetus needs. If the amount of testosterone in the umbilical cord is higher than normal, the gene type of the fetus should be determined to see if the fetus is male or female. If the fetus is female then the high levels of testosterone in the umbilical cord could be an indicator that a luteoma is present. Unfortunately, this procedure can't be safely performed until after the fetus has","title":"Luteoma"},{"docid":"3741278","text":"to congenital anomalies or prematurity, however. It is considered an emergency. The first sign of umbilical cord prolapse is usually a sudden decrease in fetal heart rate that is severe and does not immediately resolve. On a fetal heart tracing, this would usually look like moderate to severe variable decelerations. Occasionally, the cord can be seen or felt on vaginal examination, particularly with overt cord prolapse. Risk factors that are associated with umbilical cord prolapse tend to make it difficult for the fetus from appropriately engaging and filling the maternal pelvis or are related to abnormalities of the umbilical cord.","title":"Umbilical cord prolapse"},{"docid":"3315578","text":"the umbilical cord. The umbilical arteries surround the urinary bladder and then carry all the deoxygenated blood out of the fetus through the umbilical cord. Inside the placenta, the umbilical arteries connect with each other at a distance of approximately 5 mm from the cord insertion in what is called the \"Hyrtl anastomosis\". Subsequently, they branch into chorionic arteries or \"intraplacental fetal arteries\". The umbilical arteries are actually the latter of the internal iliac arteries (anterior division of) that supply the hind limbs with blood and nutrients in the fetus. The umbilical arteries are one of two arteries in the","title":"Umbilical artery"},{"docid":"3315580","text":"artery to the ductus deferens which can be supplied by the inferior vesical artery in some individuals. Umbilical artery The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. The umbilical arteries supply deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. Although this blood is typically referred to as deoxygenated, it is important to note that this blood is fetal systemic arterial blood and will have the same amount of oxygen and nutrients as blood distributed to","title":"Umbilical artery"},{"docid":"12055686","text":"Persistent fetal circulation Persistent fetal circulation (also called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, PPHN) is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the \"normal\" pattern. In a fetus, there is high pulmonary vascular resistance and low pulmonary blood flow as the fetus does not use the lungs for oxygen transfer. When the baby is born, the lungs are needed for oxygen transfer and need high blood flow which is encouraged by low pulmonary vascular resistance. It can be associated with pulmonary hypertension. Because of this,","title":"Persistent fetal circulation"},{"docid":"12055689","text":"infants per 1000 live births. Persistent fetal circulation Persistent fetal circulation (also called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, PPHN) is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the \"normal\" pattern. In a fetus, there is high pulmonary vascular resistance and low pulmonary blood flow as the fetus does not use the lungs for oxygen transfer. When the baby is born, the lungs are needed for oxygen transfer and need high blood flow which is encouraged by low pulmonary vascular resistance. It can be associated with","title":"Persistent fetal circulation"},{"docid":"14519808","text":"the fetus. Women who smoke during pregnancy are about twice as likely to experience the following pregnancy complications: Some studies show that the probability of premature birth is roughly 1% higher for women who smoke during pregnancy going from around -1% to 1%. Smoking can also impair the general development of the placenta, which is problematic because it reduces blood flow to the fetus. When the placenta does not develop fully, the umbilical cord which transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the placenta, cannot transfer enough oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, which will not be able","title":"Smoking and pregnancy"},{"docid":"16492866","text":"Human umbilical vein endothelial cell Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., angiogenesis). They are used due to their low cost, and simple techniques for isolating them from umbilical cords, which are normally resected after childbirth. HUVECs were first isolated and cultured \"in vitro\" in the 1970s by Jaffe and others. HUVECs can be easily made to proliferate in a laboratory setting. Like human umbilical artery endothelial cells they","title":"Human umbilical vein endothelial cell"},{"docid":"10943718","text":"prepared with an anticoagulant, which helps to reduce the risk of clot formation. During the procedure, the first step is to locate a relatively stable segment of the umbilical cord. A typical sampling site would be where the segment of the umbilical cord is closest to the placenta. However, there is a risk of maternal blood contamination at this site. Blood sampling may be achieved with more ease if the placenta is in the anterior position. However, if the placenta is in the posterior position, the fetus might block direct access to the umbilical cord. Once the umbilical cord is","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"14231864","text":"Single umbilical artery Occasionally, there is only the one single umbilical artery (SUA) present in the umbilical cord. Approximately this affects between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500 pregnancies, making it the most common umbilical abnormality. It is more common in multiple births. Its cause is not known. Most cords have one vein and two arteries. The vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby and the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the baby to the placenta. In approximately 1% of pregnancies there are only two vessels —usually a single vein and single artery. In about 75%","title":"Single umbilical artery"},{"docid":"16492867","text":"exhibit a cobblestone phenotype when lining vessel walls. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., angiogenesis). They are used due to their low cost, and simple techniques for isolating them from umbilical cords, which are normally resected after childbirth. HUVECs were first isolated and cultured \"in vitro\" in the 1970s by Jaffe and others. HUVECs can be easily made to proliferate in a laboratory","title":"Human umbilical vein endothelial cell"},{"docid":"10943732","text":"preexisting defects and abnormalities. While ultrasounds and color flow mapping can be used to avoid the umbilical artery and sample from the umbilical vein, the dilation makes the single umbilical artery easier to puncture. Blood flow in the umbilical artery is seen to be twice the normal amount from about 20 weeks on so the effects of a punctured umbilical artery during PUBS are more severe. Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling \"For other uses see PUBS ( page)\" Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS), also called cordocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or umbilical vein sampling is a diagnostic genetic test that","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"403751","text":"anatomical models used previously, which had strong Galenic/Aristotelean elements, as well as elements of astrology. Besides the first good description of the sphenoid bone, he showed that the sternum consists of three portions and the sacrum of five or six; and described accurately the vestibule in the interior of the temporal bone. He not only verified the observation of Etienne on the valves of the hepatic veins, but he described the vena azygos, and discovered the canal which passes in the fetus between the umbilical vein and the vena cava, since named ductus venosus. He described the omentum, and its","title":"Scientific Revolution"},{"docid":"444881","text":"for Galen and Arabian doctrines. Besides the first good description of the sphenoid bone, he showed that the sternum consists of three portions and the sacrum of five or six, and described accurately the vestibule in the interior of the temporal bone. He not only verified Estienne's observations on the valves of the hepatic veins, but also described the vena azygos, and discovered the canal which passes in the fetus between the umbilical vein and the vena cava, since named the ductus venosus. He described the omentum and its connections with the stomach, the spleen and the colon; gave the","title":"Andreas Vesalius"},{"docid":"12661952","text":"an increase in pressure that pushes the \"septum primum\" against the \"septum secundum\", closing the \"foramen ovale\" and completing the separation of the newborn's circulatory system into the standard left and right sides. Thereafter, the \"foramen ovale\" is known as the \"fossa ovalis\". The \"ductus arteriosus\" normally closes within one or two days of birth, leaving the \"ligamentum arteriosum\", while the umbilical vein and \"ductus venosus\" usually closes within two to five days after birth, leaving, respectively, the liver's \"ligamentum teres\" and \"ligamentum venosus\". The placenta functions as a maternal-fetal barrier against the transmission of microbes. When this is insufficient,","title":"Fetus"},{"docid":"3741284","text":"or those where there is only one fetus. In twin pregnancies, cord prolapses occur more frequently in the second twin to be delivered, with 9% in the first twin and 14% in the second twin. Umbilical cord prolapse Umbilical cord prolapse is when, during labor, the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the baby will compromising blood flow to the baby. The greatest risk factor is having had more than two previous children with the current baby in","title":"Umbilical cord prolapse"},{"docid":"9836632","text":"left portal vein, passing through the patent ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava and right atrium. Appropriate UVC tip position is in the high inferior vena cava to the low right atrium, typically within 1 cm of the diaphragm. If the UVC tip is proximal to ductus venosus it can lead to administration of intravenous fluids into the portal system, with potential portal vein thrombosis, or, in cases of TPN administration, a TPN abscess. Umbilical line An umbilical line is a catheter that is inserted into one of the two arteries or the vein of the umbilical cord. Generally","title":"Umbilical line"},{"docid":"8878680","text":"the case of mammals such as humans, lymphopoiesis begins with limited passive provision by the mother of lymphocytes and substantial immunoglobulin G that cross the placenta and enter the fetus to provide some protection against pathogens, and also leukocytes that come from breast milk and enter circulation via the digestive tract. It is often not effective in preventing infections in the newborn. However early in gestation the developing embryo has begun its own lymphopoiesis from the fetal liver. Lymphopoiesis also arises from the yolk sac. This is in contrast to the adult where all lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow.","title":"Lymphopoiesis"},{"docid":"4959948","text":"visible. Also during this time, there is development of structures important to the support of the embryo, including the placenta and umbilical cord. The placenta connects the developing embryo to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. The umbilical cord is the connecting cord from the embryo or fetus to the placenta. After about ten weeks of gestational age, the embryo becomes known as a fetus. At the beginning of the fetal stage, the risk of miscarriage decreases sharply. At this stage, a fetus is about 30 mm (1.2 inches)","title":"Pregnancy"},{"docid":"14231868","text":"problems, therefore close examination of the infant may be warranted shortly after birth. Among SUA infants, there is a slightly elevated risk for post-natal urinary infections. It may be associated with Edwards syndrome. Single umbilical artery Occasionally, there is only the one single umbilical artery (SUA) present in the umbilical cord. Approximately this affects between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500 pregnancies, making it the most common umbilical abnormality. It is more common in multiple births. Its cause is not known. Most cords have one vein and two arteries. The vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the","title":"Single umbilical artery"},{"docid":"16582916","text":"in the mother’s abdomen) Delivery complications, including excessive bleeding during labor Prolonged labor (lasting more than 20 hours) Labor that does not advance An infant with a genetic disorder, such as Down syndrome. Alcohol consumed during pregnancy passes directly to the fetus through the umbilical cord. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that women avoid alcoholic beverages during pregnancy or when they are trying to get pregnant.15 During pregnancy, women who drink are more likely to have a miscarriage or stillbirth. Other risks to the fetus include a higher chance of having birth defects and fetal alcohol spectrum","title":"High-risk pregnancy"},{"docid":"7143878","text":"Another method of assisted reproductive technology is in vitro fertilization, where one or more egg cells are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and co-incubated with sperm outside the body. The resulting embryo can then be reinserted into the woman's womb. Pregnancy is the period of time during which the fetus develops, dividing via mitosis inside the female. During this time, the fetus receives all of its nutrition and oxygenated blood from the female, filtered through the placenta, which is attached to the fetus' abdomen via an umbilical cord. This drain of nutrients can be quite taxing on the female, who","title":"Human reproduction"},{"docid":"3126976","text":"the emergency gas supply, and racks or boxes for tools and equipment to be used on the job. The type 1 wet bell does not have an umbilical supplying the bell. Umbilicals supply the divers directly from the surface, similar to a diving stage. Divers deploying from a type 1 bell will exit on the opposite side to where the umbilicals enter the bell so that the umbilicals pass through the bell and the divers can find their way back to the bell at all times by following the umbilical. Bailout from a type 1 bell is done by exiting","title":"Diving bell"},{"docid":"4083253","text":"the cushioning between the fetus and uterus is decreased, both of which are processes that increase the frequency and intensity of contractions. On occasion, with the rupture of membranes, particularly if the head is not engaged, the umbilical cord may prolapse. A cord prolapse is an obstetrical emergency, as the descending head may block fetal-placental circulation. Once the membranes are ruptured, bacteria may ascend and could lead to amnionitis and fetal infection. Detection of rupture of membranes mainly include: Rupture of membranes Rupture of membranes (ROM) or amniorrhexis is a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the","title":"Rupture of membranes"},{"docid":"1327677","text":"is also a management strategy and is based on parameters collected from the umbilical artery doppler. Some of these include: pulsatility index, resistance index, and end-diastolic velocities, which are measurements of the fetal circulation. L-arginine has tentative evidence of benefit in reducing intrauterine growth restriction. IUGR affects 3-10% of pregnancies. 20% of stillborn infants have IUGR. Perinatal mortality rates are 4-8 times higher for infants with IUGR, and morbidity is present in 50% of surviving infants. According to the theory of thrifty phenotype, intrauterine growth restriction triggers epigenetic responses in the fetus that are otherwise activated in times of chronic","title":"Intrauterine growth restriction"},{"docid":"9816950","text":"neurokinin B may play a role, as placental expression of the TAC3 gene, which codes for NKB, was found in high levels in women with pre-eclampsia. Usually not located in peripheral tissue, high levels of TAC3 gene were found in both maternal plasma and placental blood, including blood from the umbilical cord. TAC3 in this case was able to secrete NKB in order to affect the circulation of the fetus. Additional studies done on rodents introduced to high levels of NKB indicated the vasoregulatory properties of the peptide, such as the vasoconstriction found in cases of pre-eclampsia. Increased NKB secretions","title":"Neurokinin B"},{"docid":"20690226","text":"to combine estetrol with a progestogen in women with intact uteruses to prevent such risks. High single doses of estetrol of 100 mg have been studied in women and were found to be well-tolerated. Estetrol has been said to be only 10 to 20 times less potent orally than the highly potent estrogen ethinylestradiol. During pregnancy, estetrol levels increase to high concentrations of about 723 pg/mL on average in the mother and about 9,034 pg/mL on average in the fetus (measured via umbilical cord blood) by term. Estetrol levels are 10 to 20 times higher in the fetal circulation than","title":"Estetrol (medication)"},{"docid":"6360132","text":"has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin, which allows a diffusion of oxygen from the mother's circulatory system to the fetus. It is the fetal heart and not the mother's heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive its blood through the fetal circulation. Intracardiac pressure remains identical between the right and left ventricles of the human fetus. The blood pressure in the fetal aorta is approximately 30 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation, and increases to ca 45 mmHg at 40 weeks of gestation. The fetal pulse pressure is ca 20 mmHg at 20","title":"Fetal circulation"},{"docid":"2713185","text":"is defined as an umbilical vessel pH of less than 7.20 and an umbilical artery PCO of 66 or higher or umbilical vein PCO of 50 or higher. Acidosis Acidosis is a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increased hydrogen ion concentration). If not further qualified, it usually refers to acidity of the blood plasma. The term acidemia describes the state of low blood pH, while \"acidosis\" is used to describe the processes leading to these states. Nevertheless, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. The distinction may be relevant where a patient has","title":"Acidosis"},{"docid":"1752187","text":"birth (the baby was born alive, even if it died shortly thereafter) or miscarriage (early pregnancy loss). The word miscarriage is often used incorrectly to describe stillbirths. The term is mostly used in a human context, however the same phenomenon can occur in all species of placental mammals. When the umbilical cord is constricted (q.v. \"accidents\" above), the fetus experiences periods of hypoxia, and may respond by unusually high periods of kicking or struggling, to free the umbilical cord. These are sporadic if constriction is due to a change in the fetus' or mother's position, and may become worse or","title":"Stillbirth"},{"docid":"3741281","text":"among those used in clinical practice: If the mother is far from delivery, funic reduction (manually placing the cord back into the uterine cavity) has been attempted, with successful cases reported. The primary concern with umbilical cord prolapse is inadequate blood supply, and thus oxygen, to the fetus if the cord becomes compressed. The cord can become compressed either due to mechanical pressure (usually from the presenting fetal part) or from sudden contraction of the vessels due to decreased temperatures in the vagina in comparison to the uterus. This can lead to death of the fetus or other complications. Historically,","title":"Umbilical cord prolapse"},{"docid":"10943731","text":"abnormal karyotype indicate PUBS; however, fetuses with a single umbilical artery may present a higher risk. In these cases, a single umbilical artery is required to perform the work of two arteries so it is often dilated up to one and a half times its size in order to meet these demands. A documented case of puncturing a single umbilical artery during PUBS resulted in a decrease in the heart rate of the fetus with irregular improvement; however, it is difficult to conclude that these symptoms were solely the result of the punctured umbilical artery because these fetuses often have","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"7156565","text":"EXIT is an extension of a standard classical Caesarean section, where an opening is made on the midline of the anesthetized mother's abdomen and uterus. Then comes the EXIT: the baby is partially delivered through the opening but remains attached by its umbilical cord to the placenta, while a pediatric otolaryngologist-head & neck surgeon establishes an airway so the fetus can breathe. Once the EXIT is complete, the umbilical cord is clamped then cut and the infant is fully delivered. Then the remainder of the C-section proceeds. The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was originally developed to reverse temporary","title":"EXIT procedure"},{"docid":"9352665","text":"undergone differentiation (when the sex of the fetus becomes apparent). But by this time the damage has already been done. No treatments for luteomas are currently available. The luteomas can be detected through ultrasound if masculinization is apparent in the mother. The fetus can be tested for gene type and if the fetus is female and the umbilical cord tests high for testosterone levels then the risks of masculinization of the fetus can be considered. Interventions can't be made to change the outcomes, but the potential risks can be analyzed in order to make preparations. After the fetus is delivered","title":"Luteoma"},{"docid":"2562133","text":"Rh+ pregnancies. In mild cases, the fetus may have mild anaemia with reticulocytosis. In moderate or severe cases the fetus may have a more marked anaemia and erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn). When the disease is very severe it may cause hydrops fetalis or stillbirth. Rh disease is generally preventable by treating the mother during pregnancy or soon after delivery with an intramuscular injection of anti-RhD immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin). The RhD protein is coded by the RHD gene. During any pregnancy a small amount of the baby's blood can enter the mother's circulation. If the mother is","title":"Rh disease"},{"docid":"621956","text":"is now \"one of the most reliable epidemiological variables ever identified in the study of sexual orientation\". To explain this finding, it has been proposed that male fetuses provoke a maternal immune reaction that becomes stronger with each successive male fetus. This maternal immunization hypothesis (MIH) begins when cells from a male fetus enter the mother's circulation during pregnancy or while giving birth. Male fetuses produce H-Y antigens which are \"almost certainly involved in the sexual differentiation of vertebrates\". These Y-linked proteins would not be recognized in the mother's immune system because she is female, causing her to develop antibodies","title":"Biology and sexual orientation"},{"docid":"7772787","text":"the placenta and enter the fetal circulation. If the fetus is Rhc positive alloimmune hemolysis can occur leading to HDN. This is similar as for Rh disease, which is usually caused when a RhD negative mother is sensitised by her first pregnancy with a RhD positive fetus. Sensitization to Rhc antigens can also be caused by blood transfusion. It has been suggested that women of child-bearing age or young girls should not be given a transfusion with Rhc positive blood (or Kell positive blood for similar reasons). This would require a lot of extra work in blood transfusion departments and","title":"Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc)"},{"docid":"10943730","text":"not be performed in mothers testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to increased risk of fetal contraction. If PUBS is being used to determine if the fetus has been infected with HIV it may not be contraindicated. The most prevalent defect in about 1% of fetuses' umbilical region is a single umbilical artery. When a single umbilical artery is found, more tests are run including a detailed ultrasound to detect any other developmental abnormalities that may be the result of the single artery, genetic deviation, or other causes. Fetal developmental abnormalities along with the concern of an","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"16282520","text":"vessels. Cranially it lies ventral to the umbilical vein and on each side extends into the tissue of the lateral pillars of the cord bounding the coelom. When the myotomic downgrowths reach the ventral aspect, their anterior portions (i.e. the sheaths of the recti muscles) become continuous with the tissue of the umbilical ring. Umbilical ring The umbilical ring is a dense fibrous ring surrounding the umbilicus at birth. At about the sixth week of embryological development, the midgut herniates through the umbilical ring; six weeks later it returns to the abdominal cavity and rotates around the superior mesenteric artery.","title":"Umbilical ring"},{"docid":"1776210","text":"the umbilical vein and ductus venosus close up, and degenerate into fibrous remnants known as the round ligament of the liver and the ligamentum venosum respectively. Part of each umbilical artery closes up (degenerating into what are known as the medial umbilical ligaments), while the remaining sections are retained as part of the circulatory system. A number of abnormalities can affect the umbilical cord, which can cause problems that affect both mother and child: The cord can be clamped at different times; however delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord until at least one minute after birth improves outcomes as","title":"Umbilical cord"},{"docid":"47138","text":"lower pH will cause offloading of oxygen from hemoglobin, which is known as the Bohr effect. Some oxyhemoglobin loses oxygen and becomes deoxyhemoglobin. Deoxyhemoglobin binds most of the hydrogen ions as it has a much greater affinity for more hydrogen than does oxyhemoglobin. In mammals, blood is in equilibrium with lymph, which is continuously formed in tissues from blood by capillary ultrafiltration. Lymph is collected by a system of small lymphatic vessels and directed to the thoracic duct, which drains into the left subclavian vein where lymph rejoins the systemic blood circulation. Blood circulation transports heat throughout the body, and","title":"Blood"},{"docid":"1791041","text":"pregnancies. Cord prolapse is more common in women who have had rupture of their amniotic sac. Other risk factors include maternal or fetal factors that prevent the fetus from occupying a normal position in the maternal pelvis, such as abnormal fetal lie, too much amniotic fluid, or a premature or small fetus. The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the fetus will cause cord compression that compromises blood flow to the fetus. Whenever there is a sudden decrease in fetal heart rate or abnormal fetal heart tracing, umbilical cord prolapse should be considered. Due to","title":"Prolapse"},{"docid":"18950455","text":"imbricato\" (\"Ask Biagino Crivelli's wife how the capon rears and hatches the eggs of hens when he is unplucked\"). Da Vinci theorized that the umbilical cord was responsible for taking the fetus’ urine outside of the uterus. The studies were initially bequeathed to Francesco Melzi. In c. 1582–90 they were bought from his heirs by Pompeo Leoni and by 1630 they belonged to Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Arundel. Since 1690 the studies have been housed in the Royal Collection, United Kingdom. Studies of the Fetus in the Womb Studies of the Fetus in the Womb are two colored annotated","title":"Studies of the Fetus in the Womb"},{"docid":"1776225","text":"is used in place of a bone marrow transplant in the treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia, with donations released for transplant through one registry, Netcord.org, passing 1,000,000 as of January 2013. Cord blood is used when the patient cannot find a matching bone marrow donor; this \"extension\" of the donor pool has driven the expansion of public banks. The umbilical cord in some mammals, including cows and sheep, contains two distinct umbilical veins. There is only one umbilical vein in the human umbilical cord. In some animals, the mother will gnaw through the cord, thus separating the placenta","title":"Umbilical cord"},{"docid":"4165740","text":"occurs mostly to the right of the umbilicus, while other ventral body wall defects occur in the midline. At least six hypotheses have been proposed for the pathophysiology: The first hypothesis does not explain why the mesoderm defect would occur in such a specific small area. The second hypothesis does not explain the low percentage of associated abnormality compared with omphalocele. The third hypothesis was criticized due to no vascular supplement of anterior abdominal wall by umbilical vein. The fourth hypothesis was commonly accepted, but it was later shown that the right vitelline artery (right omphalomesenteric artery) did not supply","title":"Gastroschisis"},{"docid":"2462850","text":"that fetal cells such as fetal erythroblasts as well as cell-free fetal DNA are increased in the maternal circulation in women who develop pre-eclampsia. These findings have given rise to the hypothesis that pre-eclampsia is a disease process by which a placental lesion such as hypoxia allows increased fetal material into the maternal circulation, that in turn leads to an immune response and endothelial damage, and that ultimately results in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. One hypothesis for vulnerability to pre-eclampsia is the maternal-fetal conflict between the maternal organism and fetus. After the first trimester trophoblasts enter the spiral arteries of the","title":"Pre-eclampsia"},{"docid":"1776203","text":"from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. The cord is not directly connected to the mother's circulatory system, but instead joins the placenta, which transfers materials to and from the maternal blood without allowing direct mixing. The length of the umbilical cord is approximately equal to the crown-rump length of the fetus throughout pregnancy. The umbilical cord in a full term neonate is usually about 50 centimeters (20 in) long and about 2 centimeters (0.75 in) in","title":"Umbilical cord"},{"docid":"3613760","text":"sufficient amount of amniotic fluid and monitoring of the fetus immediately after the procedure can also help minimize risks. Evidence of complications of ECV from clinical trials is limited, but ECV does reduce the chance of breech presentation at birth and caesarian section. The 2015 \"Cochrane review\" concluded that \"large observational studies suggest that complications are rare\". Typical risks include umbilical cord entanglement, abruption of placenta, preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and severe maternal discomfort. Overall complication rates have ranged from about 1 to 2 percent since 1979. While somewhat out of favour between 1970 and 1980,","title":"External cephalic version"},{"docid":"1752188","text":"more frequent as the fetus grows. Extra attention should be given if mothers experience large increases in kicking from previous childbirths, especially when increases correspond to position changes. Regulating high blood pressure, diabetes and drug use may reduce the risk of a stillbirth. Umbilical cord constriction may be identified and observed by ultrasound, if requested. Some maternal factors are associated with stillbirth, including being age 35 or older, having diabetes, having a history of addiction to illegal drugs, being overweight or obese, and smoking cigarettes in the three months before getting pregnant. Fetal death \"in utero\" does not present an","title":"Stillbirth"},{"docid":"10943713","text":"issues, and infections. In 1958, James L.S. recognised that umbilical cord blood gas analysis can give an indication of preceding fetal hypoxic stress. It has since become widely accepted that umbilical cord blood gas analysis can provide important information about the past, present and possibly the future condition of the infant. PUBS dates back to 1964 when Freda and Adamsons reported the removal of a uterus containing a fetus who had a buildup of fluid and ended up dying; however, this was one of the first procedures that showed promise for current day PUBS. Valenti hypothesized in 1972 that the","title":"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling"},{"docid":"967809","text":"the best developed in the jejunum. There is no line of demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum. However, there are subtle histological differences: The lining of the jejunum is specialized for the absorption, by enterocytes, of small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. Once absorbed, nutrients (with the exception of fat, which goes to the lymph) pass from the enterocytes into the enterohepatic circulation and enter the liver via the hepatic portal vein, where the blood is processed. The jejunum is involved in magnesium absorption. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine","title":"Jejunum"},{"docid":"20381684","text":"from the adrenal glands also has an effect on the fetus being carried in the womb. Cortisol is a steroid hormone, and, like all steroid hormones, the receptors for cortisol are located intracellularly. In other words, cortisol does not need an extracellular receptor in order to enter the nucleus of cells and affect their gene expression. Because of this feature of steroid hormones, cortisol diffuses directly across the placenta, the barrier that separates the fetus from the mother. Luckily, the fetus has a protective mechanism against the inundation of cortisol from a stressed mother. There is an enzyme in the","title":"Maternal fetal stress transfer"},{"docid":"1565897","text":"Amniotic sac The amniotic sac, commonly called the bag of waters, sometimes the membranes, is the sac in which the fetus develops in amniotes. It is a thin but tough transparent pair of membranes that hold a developing embryo (and later fetus) until shortly before birth. The inner of these fetal membranes, the amnion, encloses the amniotic cavity, containing the amniotic fluid and the fetus. The outer membrane, the chorion, contains the amnion and is part of the placenta. On the outer side, the amniotic sac is connected to the yolk sac, the allantois and, via the umbilical cord, to","title":"Amniotic sac"},{"docid":"1776207","text":"these branches joins with the hepatic portal vein (connecting to its left branch), which carries blood into the liver. The second branch (known as the ductus venosus) bypasses the liver and flows into the inferior vena cava, which carries blood towards the heart. The two umbilical arteries branch from the internal iliac arteries and pass on either side of the urinary bladder into the umbilical cord, completing the circuit back to the placenta. In absence of external interventions, the umbilical cord occludes physiologically shortly after birth, explained both by a swelling and collapse of Wharton's jelly in response to a","title":"Umbilical cord"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"12661950\",\n \"text\": \"into the left atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a\",\n \"title\": \"Fetus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2972973\",\n \"text\": \"Umbilical vein The umbilical vein is a vein present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta into the growing fetus. The umbilical vein provides convenient access to the central circulation of a neonate for restoration of blood volume and for administration of glucose and drugs. The blood pressure inside the umbilical vein is approximately 20 mmHg. The unpaired umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood derived from fetal-maternal blood exchange at the chorionic villi. More than two-thirds of fetal hepatic circulation is via the main portal vein, while the remainder is shunted from the left portal\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical vein\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360128\",\n \"text\": \"where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \\\"ductus arteriosus\\\", which directs most of this blood\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360126\",\n \"text\": \"system, form relatively early during embryonic development, but continue to grow and develop in complexity in the growing fetus. A functional circulatory system is a biological necessity, since mammalian tissues can not grow more than a few cell layers thick without an active blood supply. The prenatal circulation of blood is different than the postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. The fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. About half of this enters the fetal\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360122\",\n \"text\": \"The fetal circulation of humans has been extensively studied by the health sciences. Much is known also of fetal circulation in other animals, especially livestock and model organisms such as mice, through the health sciences, veterinary science, and life sciences generally. Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. In humans, less than a third of this enters the fetal \\\"ductus venosus\\\" and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the rest enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943711\",\n \"text\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling \\\"For other uses see PUBS ( page)\\\" Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS), also called cordocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or umbilical vein sampling is a diagnostic genetic test that examines blood from the fetal umbilical cord to detect fetal abnormalities. Fetal and maternal blood supply are typically connected in utero with one vein and two arteries to the fetus. The umbilical vein is responsible for delivering oxygen rich blood to the fetus from the mother; the umbilical arteries are responsible for removing oxygen poor blood from the fetus. This allows for the fetus’ tissues to\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776219\",\n \"text\": \"The entire intact umbilical cord is allowed to dry and separates on its own (typically on the 3rd day after birth), falling off and leaving a healed umbilicus. As the umbilical vein is directly connected to the central circulation, it can be used as a route for placement of a venous catheter for infusion and medication. The umbilical vein catheter is a reliable alternative to percutaneous peripheral or central venous catheters or intraosseous canulas and may be employed in resuscitation or intensive care of the newborn. From 24 to 34 weeks of gestation, when the fetus is typically viable, blood\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776202\",\n \"text\": \"Umbilical cord In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low oxygen containing blood, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2972974\",\n \"text\": \"vein via the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava, eventually being delivered to the fetal right atrium. Closure of the umbilical vein usually occurs after the umbilical arteries have closed. This prolongs the communication between the placenta and fetal heart, allowing for a sort of autotransfusion of remaining blood from the placenta to the fetus. Within a week of birth, the neonate's umbilical vein is completely obliterated and is replaced by a fibrous cord called the round ligament of the liver (also called \\\"ligamentum teres hepatis\\\"). It extends from the umbilicus to the transverse fissure, where it joins with\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical vein\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6556772\",\n \"text\": \"passed through the umbilical opening, the two arteries, now termed umbilical, enter the umbilical cord, where they are coiled around the umbilical vein, and ultimately ramify in the placenta. At birth, when the placental circulation ceases, the pelvic portion only of the umbilical artery remains patent gives rise to the superior vesical artery (or arteries) of the adult; the remainder of the vessel is converted into a solid fibrous cord, the medial umbilical ligament (otherwise known as the obliterated hypogastric artery) which extends from the pelvis to the umbilicus. In two-thirds of a large number of cases, the length of\",\n \"title\": \"Internal iliac artery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776206\",\n \"text\": \"carry blood away. The blood flow through the umbilical cord is approximately 35 ml / min at 20 weeks, and 240 ml / min at 40 weeks of gestation. Adapted to the weight of the fetus, this corresponds to 115 ml / min / kg at 20 weeks and 64 ml / min / kg at 40 weeks. The umbilical cord enters the fetus via the abdomen, at the point which (after separation) will become the umbilicus (or navel). Within the fetus, the umbilical vein continues towards the transverse fissure of the liver, where it splits into two. One of\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360125\",\n \"text\": \"circulatory system of the mother is not directly connected to that of the fetus, so the placenta functions as the respiratory center for the fetus as well as a site of filtration for plasma nutrients and wastes. Water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts freely diffuse across the placenta along with oxygen. The uterine arteries carry blood to the placenta, and the blood permeates the sponge-like material there. Oxygen then diffuses from the placenta to the chorionic villus, an alveolus-like structure, where it is then carried to the umbilical vein. The heart and blood vessels which form the circulatory\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2972976\",\n \"text\": \"against the round ligament is sufficient to recanalize the structure. This leads to a condition called Caput medusae. A newborn baby has a patent umbilical vein for at least a week after birth. This umbilical vein may be catheterised for ready intravenous access. It may be used as a site for regular transfusion in cases of erythroblastosis or hemolytic disease. It also provides a route for measuring central venous pressure. Umbilical vein The umbilical vein is a vein present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta into the growing fetus. The umbilical vein provides convenient access to\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical vein\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360121\",\n \"text\": \"Fetal circulation In animals that give live birth, the fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a fetus. The term usually encompasses the entire fetoplacental circulation, which includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood. The fetal (prenatal) circulation works differently from normal postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. Instead, the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. The advent of breathing and the severance of the umbilical cord prompt various neuroendocrine changes that shortly transform fetal circulation into postnatal circulation.\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360133\",\n \"text\": \"weeks of gestation, increasing to ca 30 mmHg at 40 weeks of gestation. The blood pressure decreases when passing through the placenta. In the arteria umbilicalis, it is ca 50 mmHg. It falls to 30 mmHg in the capillaries in the villi. Subsequently, the pressure is 20 mm Hg in the umbilical vein, returning to the heart. The blood flow through the umbilical cord is approximately 35 mL/min at 20 weeks, and 240 mL/min at 40 weeks of gestation. Adapted to the weight of the fetus, this corresponds to 115 mL/min/kg at 20 weeks and 64 mL/min/kg at 40 weeks.\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3315577\",\n \"text\": \"Umbilical artery The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. The umbilical arteries supply deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. Although this blood is typically referred to as deoxygenated, it is important to note that this blood is fetal systemic arterial blood and will have the same amount of oxygen and nutrients as blood distributed to the other fetal tissues. There are usually two umbilical arteries present together with one umbilical vein in\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical artery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360135\",\n \"text\": \"pregnancy bleeding, the detection of cardiac activity is the main finding that distinguishes a viable pregnancy from a silent miscarriage. Fetal circulation In animals that give live birth, the fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a fetus. The term usually encompasses the entire fetoplacental circulation, which includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood. The fetal (prenatal) circulation works differently from normal postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. Instead, the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. The advent of\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2965084\",\n \"text\": \"in which there may be a delay in cessation of HbF production until 3–5 years of age. In adults, fetal hemoglobin production can be reactivated pharmacologically, which is useful in the treatment of diseases such as sickle-cell disease. Oxygenated blood is delivered to the fetus via the umbilical vein from the placenta, which is anchored to the wall of the mother's uterus. The chorion acts as a barrier between the maternal and fetal circulation so that there is no admixture of maternal and fetal blood. Blood in the maternal circulation is delivered via open ended arterioles to the intervillous space\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal hemoglobin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776205\",\n \"text\": \"carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the fetus, and two arteries that carry deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood away. Occasionally, only two vessels (one vein and one artery) are present in the umbilical cord. This is sometimes related to fetal abnormalities, but it may also occur without accompanying problems. It is unusual for a vein to carry oxygenated blood and for arteries to carry deoxygenated blood (the only other examples being the pulmonary veins and arteries, connecting the lungs to the heart). However, this naming convention reflects the fact that the umbilical vein carries blood towards the fetus's heart, while the umbilical arteries\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360124\",\n \"text\": \"the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation. Some of the blood entering the right atrium does not pass directly to the left atrium through the \\\"foramen ovale\\\", but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \\\"ductus arteriosus\\\", which directs most of this blood away from the lungs (which are not being used for respiration at this point as the fetus is suspended in amniotic fluid). The\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2713184\",\n \"text\": \"late-stage emphysema and certain types of muscular dystrophy, compensatory mechanisms will be unable to reverse this acidotic condition. As metabolic bicarbonate production becomes exhausted, and extraneous bicarbonate infusion can no longer reverse the extreme buildup of carbon dioxide associated with uncompensated respiratory acidosis, mechanical ventilation will usually be applied. In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.20 to 7.38). In the fetus, the lungs are not used for ventilation. Instead, the placenta performs ventilatory functions (gas exchange). Fetal respiratory acidemia\",\n \"title\": \"Acidosis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943728\",\n \"text\": \"a build-up of fluid in at least 2 parts of the fetus. Suspicion of fetal infections, such as rubella and toxoplasmosis, as well as the need to supply medicine or blood transfusions to the fetus are indications for the use of PUBS. Due to its invasive nature, the contraindications of PUBS, reasons to not undergo the procedure, must be taken into account in order to ensure the safety of the fetus and the mother. During the first 18 weeks of pregnancy, the umbilical vein from which the blood sample is taken is not very stable, which could lead to excessive\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9836629\",\n \"text\": \"Umbilical line An umbilical line is a catheter that is inserted into one of the two arteries or the vein of the umbilical cord. Generally the UAC/UVC (Umbilical Artery Catheter/Umbilical Vein Catheter) is used in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) as it provides quick access to the central circulation of premature infants. UAC/UVC lines can be placed at the time of birth and allow medical staff to quickly infuse fluids, inotropic drugs, and blood if required. It is sometimes used in term or near-term newborns in whom the umbilical cord stump is still connected to the circulatory system. Medications, fluids,\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical line\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5647298\",\n \"text\": \"Ductus venosus In the fetus, the ductus venosus (Arantius' duct after Julius Caesar Aranzi) shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver. Compared to the 50% shunting of umbilical blood through the ductus venosus found in animal experiments, the degree of shunting in the human fetus under physiological conditions is considerably less, 30% at 20 weeks, which decreases to 18% at 32 weeks, suggesting a higher priority of the fetal liver than previously realized. In conjunction with the other fetal\",\n \"title\": \"Ductus venosus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9316181\",\n \"text\": \"alkalosis then an acidaemia is the inevitable result. The same considerations determine whether an alkalosis results in an alkalaemia or not. The normal pH in the fetus differs from that in the adult. In the fetus, the pH in the umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45 and that in the umbilical artery is normally 7.18 to 7.38. Acid–base homeostasis Acid–base homeostasis is the homeostatic regulation of the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF). The proper balance between the acids and bases (i.e. the pH) in the ECF is crucial for the normal physiology of the body, and\",\n \"title\": \"Acid–base homeostasis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2713182\",\n \"text\": \"compensated for adequately by the lungs or kidneys ,neutralizing the acidosis with infusions of bicarbonate may be required. In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). Fetal metabolic acidemia is defined as an umbilical vessel pH of less than 7.20 and a base excess of less than −8. Respiratory acidosis results from a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercapnia) due to hypoventilation. It is most often caused by pulmonary problems, although head injuries, drugs (especially anaesthetics\",\n \"title\": \"Acidosis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12661948\",\n \"text\": \"than postmature birth, which occurs in 3% to 12% of pregnancies. The heart and blood vessels of the circulatory system, form relatively early during embryonic development, but continue to grow and develop in complexity in the growing fetus. A functional circulatory system is a biological necessity, since mammalian tissues can not grow more than a few cell layers thick without an active blood supply. The prenatal circulation of blood is different than the postnatal circulation, mainly because the lungs are not in use. The fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Blood\",\n \"title\": \"Fetus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5647300\",\n \"text\": \"is open at the time of birth and is the reason why umbilical vein catheterization works. The ductus venosus naturally closes during the first week of life in most full-term neonates; however, it may take much longer to close in pre-term neonates. Functional closure occurs within minutes of birth. Structural closure in term babies occurs within 3 to 7 days. After it closes, the remnant is known as ligamentum venosum. Ductus venosus In the fetus, the ductus venosus (Arantius' duct after Julius Caesar Aranzi) shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava.\",\n \"title\": \"Ductus venosus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"766192\",\n \"text\": \"from the chorion and allantois. In humans, the placenta averages 22 cm (9 inch) in length and 2–2.5 cm (0.8–1 inch) in thickness, with the center being the thickest, and the edges being the thinnest. It typically weighs approximately 500 grams (just over 1 lb). It has a dark reddish-blue or crimson color. It connects to the fetus by an umbilical cord of approximately 55–60 cm (22–24 inch) in length, which contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord inserts into the chorionic plate (has an eccentric attachment). Vessels branch out over the surface of the placenta\",\n \"title\": \"Placenta\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5647299\",\n \"text\": \"shunts, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, it plays a critical role in preferentially shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain. It is a part of fetal circulation. The pathway of fetal umbilical venous flow is umbilical vein to left portal vein to ductus venosus to inferior vena cava and eventually the right atrium. This anatomic course is important in the assessment of neonatal umbilical venous catheterization, as failure to cannulate through the ductus venosus results in malpositioned hepatic catheterization via the left or right portal veins. Complications of such positioning can include hepatic hematoma or abscess. The ductus venosus\",\n \"title\": \"Ductus venosus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11944899\",\n \"text\": \"more bicarbonate by decreasing hydrogen ion secretion from the tubular epithelial cells, and lowering rates of glutamine metabolism and ammonia excretion. Acid–base imbalance Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). It can exist in varying levels of severity, some life-threatening. An excess of acid is called acidosis\",\n \"title\": \"Acid–base imbalance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11944894\",\n \"text\": \"Acid–base imbalance Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). It can exist in varying levels of severity, some life-threatening. An excess of acid is called acidosis or acidemia and an excess in bases is called alkalosis or alkalemia. The process that causes the imbalance is classified based\",\n \"title\": \"Acid–base imbalance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"677616\",\n \"text\": \"circulation does not include the lungs, which are bypassed via the truncus arteriosus. Before birth the fetus obtains oxygen (and nutrients) from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. The human arterial system originates from the aortic arches and from the dorsal aortae starting from week 4 of embryonic life. The first and second aortic arches regress and forms only the maxillary arteries and stapedial arteries respectively. The arterial system itself arises from aortic arches 3, 4 and 6 (aortic arch 5 completely regresses). The dorsal aortae, present on the dorsal side of the embryo, are initially present\",\n \"title\": \"Circulatory system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8174266\",\n \"text\": \"an individual is normally evoked as a fetus. This is known as maternal-fetal tolerance where B cells expressing receptors specific for a particular antigen enter the circulation of the developing fetus via the placenta. After pre-B cells leave the bone marrow where they are synthesized, they are moved to the bone marrow where the maturation of B cells occurs. It is here where the first wave of B cell tolerance arises. Within the bone marrow, pre-B cells will encounter various self and foreign antigens present in the thymus that enter the thymus from peripheral sites via the circulatory system. Within\",\n \"title\": \"Molecular mimicry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803874\",\n \"text\": \"for vascular surgeons, when available, for doing peripheral arterial bypass operations [ see vascular bypass ]. The saphenous vein may undergo vein graft failure after engraftment, but still it has superior long-term patency compared to synthetic grafts (PTFE, PETE (Dacron)), human umbilical vein grafts or biosynthetic grafts [Omniflow]. Often, it is used \\\"in situ\\\" (in place), after tying off smaller tributaries and destruction of the venous valves with a device called valvulotome, e.g. LeMaitre's valvulotome. Removal of the saphenous vein will not hinder normal circulation in the leg. The blood that previously flowed through the saphenous vein will change its\",\n \"title\": \"Great saphenous vein\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943724\",\n \"text\": \"are self-resolved within five minutes. The complication of infection has a low incidence rate, and preventative measures are implemented against the risk of infection, such as antibiotic usage and the aseptic technique. However, vertical transmission of a virus such as HIV may occur. Fetal loss may also occur, especially in the presence of several risk factors, including fetal abnormalities, operator errors, placental penetration, and viability of the fetus. Intrahepatic vein fetal blood sampling may be done as an alternative to PUBS. It involves the needle being inserted into the intrahepatic part of the umbilical cord in the fetal abdomen. The\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4081551\",\n \"text\": \"and motor activity which is often manifested as sleep. This period can last from 1-2 hours. The third stage marks the second period of reactivity. This period can occur anywhere in the first 2 to 8 hours after birth and lasts anywhere from 10 minutes to several hours. Tachycardia and tachypnea may be present during brief periods. Passing of meconium also occurs. Physiology: In utero, the placenta delivers oxygenated blood to the fetus through the umbilical vein. Upon delivery, the umbilical cord is cut. The cardiovascular system must now adapt.The detachment of the placenta causes an increase in systemic vascular\",\n \"title\": \"Adaptation to extrauterine life\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943714\",\n \"text\": \"procedure he used to obtain fetal tissue could be used to obtain fetal blood, and in 1973, he was able to sample fetal vessels; fetoscopy was used and refined between 1974 and 1983 as a prenatal test to determine fetal status as well as obtain fetal blood and perform transfusions in some cases. Fetoscopy is a procedure in which a device is inserted through the abdomen of the mother in order to visualize the fetus. The first documented use of PUBS came in 1983 by Daffos and colleagues who sampled blood from an umbilical vein with a needle and monitored\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10585963\",\n \"text\": \"three months of age. In older dogs, this type of migration occurs less frequently, and at six months it is almost ceased. Instead, the L travel to a wide range of organs, including the liver, lungs, brain, heart and skeletal muscles, as well as to the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. In pregnant female dogs, prenatal infection can occur, where larvae become mobilized (at about three weeks prior to parturition) and migrate through the umbilical vein to the lungs of the fetus, here molting into the L stage just prior to birth. In the newborn pup, the cycle is completed\",\n \"title\": \"Toxocara canis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7990975\",\n \"text\": \"blood. The foramen secundum and foramen ovale act as a shunt where blood bypasses the lungs and does not become oxygenated. To provide proper blood flow as a newborn, the foramen secundum and foramen ovale must close at birth. Since the lungs now require a significant amount of blood flow, the vessels going to and from the lungs undergo dilation. While the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins are dilating, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein are severed at the cutting of the umbilical cord, or the funiculus umbilicalis. This combination results in a reversal of pressure differences between the atria,\",\n \"title\": \"Foramen secundum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9352664\",\n \"text\": \"fetus is being exposed to testosterone is to test the placenta and umbilical cord for testosterone. The placenta has a mechanism for converting hormones from the mother into hormones that the fetus needs. If the amount of testosterone in the umbilical cord is higher than normal, the gene type of the fetus should be determined to see if the fetus is male or female. If the fetus is female then the high levels of testosterone in the umbilical cord could be an indicator that a luteoma is present. Unfortunately, this procedure can't be safely performed until after the fetus has\",\n \"title\": \"Luteoma\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3741278\",\n \"text\": \"to congenital anomalies or prematurity, however. It is considered an emergency. The first sign of umbilical cord prolapse is usually a sudden decrease in fetal heart rate that is severe and does not immediately resolve. On a fetal heart tracing, this would usually look like moderate to severe variable decelerations. Occasionally, the cord can be seen or felt on vaginal examination, particularly with overt cord prolapse. Risk factors that are associated with umbilical cord prolapse tend to make it difficult for the fetus from appropriately engaging and filling the maternal pelvis or are related to abnormalities of the umbilical cord.\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord prolapse\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3315578\",\n \"text\": \"the umbilical cord. The umbilical arteries surround the urinary bladder and then carry all the deoxygenated blood out of the fetus through the umbilical cord. Inside the placenta, the umbilical arteries connect with each other at a distance of approximately 5 mm from the cord insertion in what is called the \\\"Hyrtl anastomosis\\\". Subsequently, they branch into chorionic arteries or \\\"intraplacental fetal arteries\\\". The umbilical arteries are actually the latter of the internal iliac arteries (anterior division of) that supply the hind limbs with blood and nutrients in the fetus. The umbilical arteries are one of two arteries in the\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical artery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3315580\",\n \"text\": \"artery to the ductus deferens which can be supplied by the inferior vesical artery in some individuals. Umbilical artery The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. The umbilical arteries supply deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. Although this blood is typically referred to as deoxygenated, it is important to note that this blood is fetal systemic arterial blood and will have the same amount of oxygen and nutrients as blood distributed to\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical artery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12055686\",\n \"text\": \"Persistent fetal circulation Persistent fetal circulation (also called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, PPHN) is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the \\\"normal\\\" pattern. In a fetus, there is high pulmonary vascular resistance and low pulmonary blood flow as the fetus does not use the lungs for oxygen transfer. When the baby is born, the lungs are needed for oxygen transfer and need high blood flow which is encouraged by low pulmonary vascular resistance. It can be associated with pulmonary hypertension. Because of this,\",\n \"title\": \"Persistent fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12055689\",\n \"text\": \"infants per 1000 live births. Persistent fetal circulation Persistent fetal circulation (also called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, PPHN) is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the \\\"normal\\\" pattern. In a fetus, there is high pulmonary vascular resistance and low pulmonary blood flow as the fetus does not use the lungs for oxygen transfer. When the baby is born, the lungs are needed for oxygen transfer and need high blood flow which is encouraged by low pulmonary vascular resistance. It can be associated with\",\n \"title\": \"Persistent fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14519808\",\n \"text\": \"the fetus. Women who smoke during pregnancy are about twice as likely to experience the following pregnancy complications: Some studies show that the probability of premature birth is roughly 1% higher for women who smoke during pregnancy going from around -1% to 1%. Smoking can also impair the general development of the placenta, which is problematic because it reduces blood flow to the fetus. When the placenta does not develop fully, the umbilical cord which transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the placenta, cannot transfer enough oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, which will not be able\",\n \"title\": \"Smoking and pregnancy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16492866\",\n \"text\": \"Human umbilical vein endothelial cell Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., angiogenesis). They are used due to their low cost, and simple techniques for isolating them from umbilical cords, which are normally resected after childbirth. HUVECs were first isolated and cultured \\\"in vitro\\\" in the 1970s by Jaffe and others. HUVECs can be easily made to proliferate in a laboratory setting. Like human umbilical artery endothelial cells they\",\n \"title\": \"Human umbilical vein endothelial cell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943718\",\n \"text\": \"prepared with an anticoagulant, which helps to reduce the risk of clot formation. During the procedure, the first step is to locate a relatively stable segment of the umbilical cord. A typical sampling site would be where the segment of the umbilical cord is closest to the placenta. However, there is a risk of maternal blood contamination at this site. Blood sampling may be achieved with more ease if the placenta is in the anterior position. However, if the placenta is in the posterior position, the fetus might block direct access to the umbilical cord. Once the umbilical cord is\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14231864\",\n \"text\": \"Single umbilical artery Occasionally, there is only the one single umbilical artery (SUA) present in the umbilical cord. Approximately this affects between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500 pregnancies, making it the most common umbilical abnormality. It is more common in multiple births. Its cause is not known. Most cords have one vein and two arteries. The vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby and the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the baby to the placenta. In approximately 1% of pregnancies there are only two vessels —usually a single vein and single artery. In about 75%\",\n \"title\": \"Single umbilical artery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16492867\",\n \"text\": \"exhibit a cobblestone phenotype when lining vessel walls. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., angiogenesis). They are used due to their low cost, and simple techniques for isolating them from umbilical cords, which are normally resected after childbirth. HUVECs were first isolated and cultured \\\"in vitro\\\" in the 1970s by Jaffe and others. HUVECs can be easily made to proliferate in a laboratory\",\n \"title\": \"Human umbilical vein endothelial cell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943732\",\n \"text\": \"preexisting defects and abnormalities. While ultrasounds and color flow mapping can be used to avoid the umbilical artery and sample from the umbilical vein, the dilation makes the single umbilical artery easier to puncture. Blood flow in the umbilical artery is seen to be twice the normal amount from about 20 weeks on so the effects of a punctured umbilical artery during PUBS are more severe. Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling \\\"For other uses see PUBS ( page)\\\" Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS), also called cordocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or umbilical vein sampling is a diagnostic genetic test that\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"403751\",\n \"text\": \"anatomical models used previously, which had strong Galenic/Aristotelean elements, as well as elements of astrology. Besides the first good description of the sphenoid bone, he showed that the sternum consists of three portions and the sacrum of five or six; and described accurately the vestibule in the interior of the temporal bone. He not only verified the observation of Etienne on the valves of the hepatic veins, but he described the vena azygos, and discovered the canal which passes in the fetus between the umbilical vein and the vena cava, since named ductus venosus. He described the omentum, and its\",\n \"title\": \"Scientific Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"444881\",\n \"text\": \"for Galen and Arabian doctrines. Besides the first good description of the sphenoid bone, he showed that the sternum consists of three portions and the sacrum of five or six, and described accurately the vestibule in the interior of the temporal bone. He not only verified Estienne's observations on the valves of the hepatic veins, but also described the vena azygos, and discovered the canal which passes in the fetus between the umbilical vein and the vena cava, since named the ductus venosus. He described the omentum and its connections with the stomach, the spleen and the colon; gave the\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Vesalius\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12661952\",\n \"text\": \"an increase in pressure that pushes the \\\"septum primum\\\" against the \\\"septum secundum\\\", closing the \\\"foramen ovale\\\" and completing the separation of the newborn's circulatory system into the standard left and right sides. Thereafter, the \\\"foramen ovale\\\" is known as the \\\"fossa ovalis\\\". The \\\"ductus arteriosus\\\" normally closes within one or two days of birth, leaving the \\\"ligamentum arteriosum\\\", while the umbilical vein and \\\"ductus venosus\\\" usually closes within two to five days after birth, leaving, respectively, the liver's \\\"ligamentum teres\\\" and \\\"ligamentum venosus\\\". The placenta functions as a maternal-fetal barrier against the transmission of microbes. When this is insufficient,\",\n \"title\": \"Fetus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3741284\",\n \"text\": \"or those where there is only one fetus. In twin pregnancies, cord prolapses occur more frequently in the second twin to be delivered, with 9% in the first twin and 14% in the second twin. Umbilical cord prolapse Umbilical cord prolapse is when, during labor, the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the baby will compromising blood flow to the baby. The greatest risk factor is having had more than two previous children with the current baby in\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord prolapse\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9836632\",\n \"text\": \"left portal vein, passing through the patent ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava and right atrium. Appropriate UVC tip position is in the high inferior vena cava to the low right atrium, typically within 1 cm of the diaphragm. If the UVC tip is proximal to ductus venosus it can lead to administration of intravenous fluids into the portal system, with potential portal vein thrombosis, or, in cases of TPN administration, a TPN abscess. Umbilical line An umbilical line is a catheter that is inserted into one of the two arteries or the vein of the umbilical cord. Generally\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical line\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8878680\",\n \"text\": \"the case of mammals such as humans, lymphopoiesis begins with limited passive provision by the mother of lymphocytes and substantial immunoglobulin G that cross the placenta and enter the fetus to provide some protection against pathogens, and also leukocytes that come from breast milk and enter circulation via the digestive tract. It is often not effective in preventing infections in the newborn. However early in gestation the developing embryo has begun its own lymphopoiesis from the fetal liver. Lymphopoiesis also arises from the yolk sac. This is in contrast to the adult where all lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow.\",\n \"title\": \"Lymphopoiesis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4959948\",\n \"text\": \"visible. Also during this time, there is development of structures important to the support of the embryo, including the placenta and umbilical cord. The placenta connects the developing embryo to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. The umbilical cord is the connecting cord from the embryo or fetus to the placenta. After about ten weeks of gestational age, the embryo becomes known as a fetus. At the beginning of the fetal stage, the risk of miscarriage decreases sharply. At this stage, a fetus is about 30 mm (1.2 inches)\",\n \"title\": \"Pregnancy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14231868\",\n \"text\": \"problems, therefore close examination of the infant may be warranted shortly after birth. Among SUA infants, there is a slightly elevated risk for post-natal urinary infections. It may be associated with Edwards syndrome. Single umbilical artery Occasionally, there is only the one single umbilical artery (SUA) present in the umbilical cord. Approximately this affects between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500 pregnancies, making it the most common umbilical abnormality. It is more common in multiple births. Its cause is not known. Most cords have one vein and two arteries. The vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the\",\n \"title\": \"Single umbilical artery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16582916\",\n \"text\": \"in the mother’s abdomen) Delivery complications, including excessive bleeding during labor Prolonged labor (lasting more than 20 hours) Labor that does not advance An infant with a genetic disorder, such as Down syndrome. Alcohol consumed during pregnancy passes directly to the fetus through the umbilical cord. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that women avoid alcoholic beverages during pregnancy or when they are trying to get pregnant.15 During pregnancy, women who drink are more likely to have a miscarriage or stillbirth. Other risks to the fetus include a higher chance of having birth defects and fetal alcohol spectrum\",\n \"title\": \"High-risk pregnancy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7143878\",\n \"text\": \"Another method of assisted reproductive technology is in vitro fertilization, where one or more egg cells are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and co-incubated with sperm outside the body. The resulting embryo can then be reinserted into the woman's womb. Pregnancy is the period of time during which the fetus develops, dividing via mitosis inside the female. During this time, the fetus receives all of its nutrition and oxygenated blood from the female, filtered through the placenta, which is attached to the fetus' abdomen via an umbilical cord. This drain of nutrients can be quite taxing on the female, who\",\n \"title\": \"Human reproduction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3126976\",\n \"text\": \"the emergency gas supply, and racks or boxes for tools and equipment to be used on the job. The type 1 wet bell does not have an umbilical supplying the bell. Umbilicals supply the divers directly from the surface, similar to a diving stage. Divers deploying from a type 1 bell will exit on the opposite side to where the umbilicals enter the bell so that the umbilicals pass through the bell and the divers can find their way back to the bell at all times by following the umbilical. Bailout from a type 1 bell is done by exiting\",\n \"title\": \"Diving bell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4083253\",\n \"text\": \"the cushioning between the fetus and uterus is decreased, both of which are processes that increase the frequency and intensity of contractions. On occasion, with the rupture of membranes, particularly if the head is not engaged, the umbilical cord may prolapse. A cord prolapse is an obstetrical emergency, as the descending head may block fetal-placental circulation. Once the membranes are ruptured, bacteria may ascend and could lead to amnionitis and fetal infection. Detection of rupture of membranes mainly include: Rupture of membranes Rupture of membranes (ROM) or amniorrhexis is a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the\",\n \"title\": \"Rupture of membranes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1327677\",\n \"text\": \"is also a management strategy and is based on parameters collected from the umbilical artery doppler. Some of these include: pulsatility index, resistance index, and end-diastolic velocities, which are measurements of the fetal circulation. L-arginine has tentative evidence of benefit in reducing intrauterine growth restriction. IUGR affects 3-10% of pregnancies. 20% of stillborn infants have IUGR. Perinatal mortality rates are 4-8 times higher for infants with IUGR, and morbidity is present in 50% of surviving infants. According to the theory of thrifty phenotype, intrauterine growth restriction triggers epigenetic responses in the fetus that are otherwise activated in times of chronic\",\n \"title\": \"Intrauterine growth restriction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9816950\",\n \"text\": \"neurokinin B may play a role, as placental expression of the TAC3 gene, which codes for NKB, was found in high levels in women with pre-eclampsia. Usually not located in peripheral tissue, high levels of TAC3 gene were found in both maternal plasma and placental blood, including blood from the umbilical cord. TAC3 in this case was able to secrete NKB in order to affect the circulation of the fetus. Additional studies done on rodents introduced to high levels of NKB indicated the vasoregulatory properties of the peptide, such as the vasoconstriction found in cases of pre-eclampsia. Increased NKB secretions\",\n \"title\": \"Neurokinin B\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20690226\",\n \"text\": \"to combine estetrol with a progestogen in women with intact uteruses to prevent such risks. High single doses of estetrol of 100 mg have been studied in women and were found to be well-tolerated. Estetrol has been said to be only 10 to 20 times less potent orally than the highly potent estrogen ethinylestradiol. During pregnancy, estetrol levels increase to high concentrations of about 723 pg/mL on average in the mother and about 9,034 pg/mL on average in the fetus (measured via umbilical cord blood) by term. Estetrol levels are 10 to 20 times higher in the fetal circulation than\",\n \"title\": \"Estetrol (medication)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6360132\",\n \"text\": \"has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin, which allows a diffusion of oxygen from the mother's circulatory system to the fetus. It is the fetal heart and not the mother's heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive its blood through the fetal circulation. Intracardiac pressure remains identical between the right and left ventricles of the human fetus. The blood pressure in the fetal aorta is approximately 30 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation, and increases to ca 45 mmHg at 40 weeks of gestation. The fetal pulse pressure is ca 20 mmHg at 20\",\n \"title\": \"Fetal circulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2713185\",\n \"text\": \"is defined as an umbilical vessel pH of less than 7.20 and an umbilical artery PCO of 66 or higher or umbilical vein PCO of 50 or higher. Acidosis Acidosis is a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increased hydrogen ion concentration). If not further qualified, it usually refers to acidity of the blood plasma. The term acidemia describes the state of low blood pH, while \\\"acidosis\\\" is used to describe the processes leading to these states. Nevertheless, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. The distinction may be relevant where a patient has\",\n \"title\": \"Acidosis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1752187\",\n \"text\": \"birth (the baby was born alive, even if it died shortly thereafter) or miscarriage (early pregnancy loss). The word miscarriage is often used incorrectly to describe stillbirths. The term is mostly used in a human context, however the same phenomenon can occur in all species of placental mammals. When the umbilical cord is constricted (q.v. \\\"accidents\\\" above), the fetus experiences periods of hypoxia, and may respond by unusually high periods of kicking or struggling, to free the umbilical cord. These are sporadic if constriction is due to a change in the fetus' or mother's position, and may become worse or\",\n \"title\": \"Stillbirth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3741281\",\n \"text\": \"among those used in clinical practice: If the mother is far from delivery, funic reduction (manually placing the cord back into the uterine cavity) has been attempted, with successful cases reported. The primary concern with umbilical cord prolapse is inadequate blood supply, and thus oxygen, to the fetus if the cord becomes compressed. The cord can become compressed either due to mechanical pressure (usually from the presenting fetal part) or from sudden contraction of the vessels due to decreased temperatures in the vagina in comparison to the uterus. This can lead to death of the fetus or other complications. Historically,\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord prolapse\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943731\",\n \"text\": \"abnormal karyotype indicate PUBS; however, fetuses with a single umbilical artery may present a higher risk. In these cases, a single umbilical artery is required to perform the work of two arteries so it is often dilated up to one and a half times its size in order to meet these demands. A documented case of puncturing a single umbilical artery during PUBS resulted in a decrease in the heart rate of the fetus with irregular improvement; however, it is difficult to conclude that these symptoms were solely the result of the punctured umbilical artery because these fetuses often have\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7156565\",\n \"text\": \"EXIT is an extension of a standard classical Caesarean section, where an opening is made on the midline of the anesthetized mother's abdomen and uterus. Then comes the EXIT: the baby is partially delivered through the opening but remains attached by its umbilical cord to the placenta, while a pediatric otolaryngologist-head & neck surgeon establishes an airway so the fetus can breathe. Once the EXIT is complete, the umbilical cord is clamped then cut and the infant is fully delivered. Then the remainder of the C-section proceeds. The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was originally developed to reverse temporary\",\n \"title\": \"EXIT procedure\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9352665\",\n \"text\": \"undergone differentiation (when the sex of the fetus becomes apparent). But by this time the damage has already been done. No treatments for luteomas are currently available. The luteomas can be detected through ultrasound if masculinization is apparent in the mother. The fetus can be tested for gene type and if the fetus is female and the umbilical cord tests high for testosterone levels then the risks of masculinization of the fetus can be considered. Interventions can't be made to change the outcomes, but the potential risks can be analyzed in order to make preparations. After the fetus is delivered\",\n \"title\": \"Luteoma\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2562133\",\n \"text\": \"Rh+ pregnancies. In mild cases, the fetus may have mild anaemia with reticulocytosis. In moderate or severe cases the fetus may have a more marked anaemia and erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn). When the disease is very severe it may cause hydrops fetalis or stillbirth. Rh disease is generally preventable by treating the mother during pregnancy or soon after delivery with an intramuscular injection of anti-RhD immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin). The RhD protein is coded by the RHD gene. During any pregnancy a small amount of the baby's blood can enter the mother's circulation. If the mother is\",\n \"title\": \"Rh disease\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"621956\",\n \"text\": \"is now \\\"one of the most reliable epidemiological variables ever identified in the study of sexual orientation\\\". To explain this finding, it has been proposed that male fetuses provoke a maternal immune reaction that becomes stronger with each successive male fetus. This maternal immunization hypothesis (MIH) begins when cells from a male fetus enter the mother's circulation during pregnancy or while giving birth. Male fetuses produce H-Y antigens which are \\\"almost certainly involved in the sexual differentiation of vertebrates\\\". These Y-linked proteins would not be recognized in the mother's immune system because she is female, causing her to develop antibodies\",\n \"title\": \"Biology and sexual orientation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7772787\",\n \"text\": \"the placenta and enter the fetal circulation. If the fetus is Rhc positive alloimmune hemolysis can occur leading to HDN. This is similar as for Rh disease, which is usually caused when a RhD negative mother is sensitised by her first pregnancy with a RhD positive fetus. Sensitization to Rhc antigens can also be caused by blood transfusion. It has been suggested that women of child-bearing age or young girls should not be given a transfusion with Rhc positive blood (or Kell positive blood for similar reasons). This would require a lot of extra work in blood transfusion departments and\",\n \"title\": \"Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943730\",\n \"text\": \"not be performed in mothers testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to increased risk of fetal contraction. If PUBS is being used to determine if the fetus has been infected with HIV it may not be contraindicated. The most prevalent defect in about 1% of fetuses' umbilical region is a single umbilical artery. When a single umbilical artery is found, more tests are run including a detailed ultrasound to detect any other developmental abnormalities that may be the result of the single artery, genetic deviation, or other causes. Fetal developmental abnormalities along with the concern of an\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16282520\",\n \"text\": \"vessels. Cranially it lies ventral to the umbilical vein and on each side extends into the tissue of the lateral pillars of the cord bounding the coelom. When the myotomic downgrowths reach the ventral aspect, their anterior portions (i.e. the sheaths of the recti muscles) become continuous with the tissue of the umbilical ring. Umbilical ring The umbilical ring is a dense fibrous ring surrounding the umbilicus at birth. At about the sixth week of embryological development, the midgut herniates through the umbilical ring; six weeks later it returns to the abdominal cavity and rotates around the superior mesenteric artery.\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical ring\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776210\",\n \"text\": \"the umbilical vein and ductus venosus close up, and degenerate into fibrous remnants known as the round ligament of the liver and the ligamentum venosum respectively. Part of each umbilical artery closes up (degenerating into what are known as the medial umbilical ligaments), while the remaining sections are retained as part of the circulatory system. A number of abnormalities can affect the umbilical cord, which can cause problems that affect both mother and child: The cord can be clamped at different times; however delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord until at least one minute after birth improves outcomes as\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"47138\",\n \"text\": \"lower pH will cause offloading of oxygen from hemoglobin, which is known as the Bohr effect. Some oxyhemoglobin loses oxygen and becomes deoxyhemoglobin. Deoxyhemoglobin binds most of the hydrogen ions as it has a much greater affinity for more hydrogen than does oxyhemoglobin. In mammals, blood is in equilibrium with lymph, which is continuously formed in tissues from blood by capillary ultrafiltration. Lymph is collected by a system of small lymphatic vessels and directed to the thoracic duct, which drains into the left subclavian vein where lymph rejoins the systemic blood circulation. Blood circulation transports heat throughout the body, and\",\n \"title\": \"Blood\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1791041\",\n \"text\": \"pregnancies. Cord prolapse is more common in women who have had rupture of their amniotic sac. Other risk factors include maternal or fetal factors that prevent the fetus from occupying a normal position in the maternal pelvis, such as abnormal fetal lie, too much amniotic fluid, or a premature or small fetus. The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the fetus will cause cord compression that compromises blood flow to the fetus. Whenever there is a sudden decrease in fetal heart rate or abnormal fetal heart tracing, umbilical cord prolapse should be considered. Due to\",\n \"title\": \"Prolapse\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18950455\",\n \"text\": \"imbricato\\\" (\\\"Ask Biagino Crivelli's wife how the capon rears and hatches the eggs of hens when he is unplucked\\\"). Da Vinci theorized that the umbilical cord was responsible for taking the fetus’ urine outside of the uterus. The studies were initially bequeathed to Francesco Melzi. In c. 1582–90 they were bought from his heirs by Pompeo Leoni and by 1630 they belonged to Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Arundel. Since 1690 the studies have been housed in the Royal Collection, United Kingdom. Studies of the Fetus in the Womb Studies of the Fetus in the Womb are two colored annotated\",\n \"title\": \"Studies of the Fetus in the Womb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776225\",\n \"text\": \"is used in place of a bone marrow transplant in the treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia, with donations released for transplant through one registry, Netcord.org, passing 1,000,000 as of January 2013. Cord blood is used when the patient cannot find a matching bone marrow donor; this \\\"extension\\\" of the donor pool has driven the expansion of public banks. The umbilical cord in some mammals, including cows and sheep, contains two distinct umbilical veins. There is only one umbilical vein in the human umbilical cord. In some animals, the mother will gnaw through the cord, thus separating the placenta\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4165740\",\n \"text\": \"occurs mostly to the right of the umbilicus, while other ventral body wall defects occur in the midline. At least six hypotheses have been proposed for the pathophysiology: The first hypothesis does not explain why the mesoderm defect would occur in such a specific small area. The second hypothesis does not explain the low percentage of associated abnormality compared with omphalocele. The third hypothesis was criticized due to no vascular supplement of anterior abdominal wall by umbilical vein. The fourth hypothesis was commonly accepted, but it was later shown that the right vitelline artery (right omphalomesenteric artery) did not supply\",\n \"title\": \"Gastroschisis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2462850\",\n \"text\": \"that fetal cells such as fetal erythroblasts as well as cell-free fetal DNA are increased in the maternal circulation in women who develop pre-eclampsia. These findings have given rise to the hypothesis that pre-eclampsia is a disease process by which a placental lesion such as hypoxia allows increased fetal material into the maternal circulation, that in turn leads to an immune response and endothelial damage, and that ultimately results in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. One hypothesis for vulnerability to pre-eclampsia is the maternal-fetal conflict between the maternal organism and fetus. After the first trimester trophoblasts enter the spiral arteries of the\",\n \"title\": \"Pre-eclampsia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776203\",\n \"text\": \"from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. The cord is not directly connected to the mother's circulatory system, but instead joins the placenta, which transfers materials to and from the maternal blood without allowing direct mixing. The length of the umbilical cord is approximately equal to the crown-rump length of the fetus throughout pregnancy. The umbilical cord in a full term neonate is usually about 50 centimeters (20 in) long and about 2 centimeters (0.75 in) in\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3613760\",\n \"text\": \"sufficient amount of amniotic fluid and monitoring of the fetus immediately after the procedure can also help minimize risks. Evidence of complications of ECV from clinical trials is limited, but ECV does reduce the chance of breech presentation at birth and caesarian section. The 2015 \\\"Cochrane review\\\" concluded that \\\"large observational studies suggest that complications are rare\\\". Typical risks include umbilical cord entanglement, abruption of placenta, preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and severe maternal discomfort. Overall complication rates have ranged from about 1 to 2 percent since 1979. While somewhat out of favour between 1970 and 1980,\",\n \"title\": \"External cephalic version\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1752188\",\n \"text\": \"more frequent as the fetus grows. Extra attention should be given if mothers experience large increases in kicking from previous childbirths, especially when increases correspond to position changes. Regulating high blood pressure, diabetes and drug use may reduce the risk of a stillbirth. Umbilical cord constriction may be identified and observed by ultrasound, if requested. Some maternal factors are associated with stillbirth, including being age 35 or older, having diabetes, having a history of addiction to illegal drugs, being overweight or obese, and smoking cigarettes in the three months before getting pregnant. Fetal death \\\"in utero\\\" does not present an\",\n \"title\": \"Stillbirth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10943713\",\n \"text\": \"issues, and infections. In 1958, James L.S. recognised that umbilical cord blood gas analysis can give an indication of preceding fetal hypoxic stress. It has since become widely accepted that umbilical cord blood gas analysis can provide important information about the past, present and possibly the future condition of the infant. PUBS dates back to 1964 when Freda and Adamsons reported the removal of a uterus containing a fetus who had a buildup of fluid and ended up dying; however, this was one of the first procedures that showed promise for current day PUBS. Valenti hypothesized in 1972 that the\",\n \"title\": \"Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"967809\",\n \"text\": \"the best developed in the jejunum. There is no line of demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum. However, there are subtle histological differences: The lining of the jejunum is specialized for the absorption, by enterocytes, of small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. Once absorbed, nutrients (with the exception of fat, which goes to the lymph) pass from the enterocytes into the enterohepatic circulation and enter the liver via the hepatic portal vein, where the blood is processed. The jejunum is involved in magnesium absorption. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine\",\n \"title\": \"Jejunum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20381684\",\n \"text\": \"from the adrenal glands also has an effect on the fetus being carried in the womb. Cortisol is a steroid hormone, and, like all steroid hormones, the receptors for cortisol are located intracellularly. In other words, cortisol does not need an extracellular receptor in order to enter the nucleus of cells and affect their gene expression. Because of this feature of steroid hormones, cortisol diffuses directly across the placenta, the barrier that separates the fetus from the mother. Luckily, the fetus has a protective mechanism against the inundation of cortisol from a stressed mother. There is an enzyme in the\",\n \"title\": \"Maternal fetal stress transfer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1565897\",\n \"text\": \"Amniotic sac The amniotic sac, commonly called the bag of waters, sometimes the membranes, is the sac in which the fetus develops in amniotes. It is a thin but tough transparent pair of membranes that hold a developing embryo (and later fetus) until shortly before birth. The inner of these fetal membranes, the amnion, encloses the amniotic cavity, containing the amniotic fluid and the fetus. The outer membrane, the chorion, contains the amnion and is part of the placenta. On the outer side, the amniotic sac is connected to the yolk sac, the allantois and, via the umbilical cord, to\",\n \"title\": \"Amniotic sac\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1776207\",\n \"text\": \"these branches joins with the hepatic portal vein (connecting to its left branch), which carries blood into the liver. The second branch (known as the ductus venosus) bypasses the liver and flows into the inferior vena cava, which carries blood towards the heart. The two umbilical arteries branch from the internal iliac arteries and pass on either side of the urinary bladder into the umbilical cord, completing the circuit back to the placenta. In absence of external interventions, the umbilical cord occludes physiologically shortly after birth, explained both by a swelling and collapse of Wharton's jelly in response to a\",\n \"title\": \"Umbilical cord\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":79,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"80"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when did def leppard 's drummer lose his arm"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1985"],"string":"[\n \"1985\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3992062","text":"and was sentenced on 6 August 1996 to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, sought counselling, and served 30 days community service on a graffiti-removal work crew. Rick Allen (drummer) Richard John Cyril Allen (born 1 November 1963) is an English drummer who has played for the hard rock band Def Leppard since 1978. He overcame the amputation of his left arm in 1985 and continued to play with the band, which subsequently went on to its most commercially successful phase. He is known as \"The Thunder God\" by fans. Rick Allen was born on November 1, 1963 in Dronfield, Derbyshire to","title":"Rick Allen (drummer)"},{"docid":"3992054","text":"Rick Allen (drummer) Richard John Cyril Allen (born 1 November 1963) is an English drummer who has played for the hard rock band Def Leppard since 1978. He overcame the amputation of his left arm in 1985 and continued to play with the band, which subsequently went on to its most commercially successful phase. He is known as \"The Thunder God\" by fans. Rick Allen was born on November 1, 1963 in Dronfield, Derbyshire to Geoffrey Allen and Kathleen Moore, and started playing drums at the age of nine. He performed in the bands Grad, Smokey Blue, Rampant, and the","title":"Rick Allen (drummer)"},{"docid":"3992062","text":"and was sentenced on 6 August 1996 to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, sought counselling, and served 30 days community service on a graffiti-removal work crew. Rick Allen (drummer) Richard John Cyril Allen (born 1 November 1963) is an English drummer who has played for the hard rock band Def Leppard since 1978. He overcame the amputation of his left arm in 1985 and continued to play with the band, which subsequently went on to its most commercially successful phase. He is known as \"The Thunder God\" by fans. Rick Allen was born on November 1, 1963 in Dronfield, Derbyshire to","title":"Rick Allen (drummer)"},{"docid":"10506816","text":"swimming pool. They quickly run away when the homeowner spots them, leaving the shirt behind. In 1985, a man buys the shirt at a garage sale. At a parking lot prior to a Def Leppard concert, he surrenders it to a female fan after she flashes him. When the band's tour bus arrives, the female fan has bassist Rick Savage autograph the shirt. Shortly after the concert, she meets a roadie and makes out with him in the bus, where he takes possession of the shirt. In 1987, the roadie enters a coin-op laundromat to have the shirt and his","title":"Now (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"8897456","text":"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night) \"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night)\" is the 1981 title track by British heavy metal band Def Leppard from their multi-platinum album \"High 'n' Dry\". It was ranked number 33 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs. It is one of five songs by Def Leppard, which had a promotional video, but however were not single releases. This song was released as a single in Australia. This song made the \"Filthy Fifteen\", a list of songs criticized by the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), an American committee formed in 1985, for having explicit lyrics. The group's mission","title":"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3992062\",\n \"text\": \"and was sentenced on 6 August 1996 to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, sought counselling, and served 30 days community service on a graffiti-removal work crew. Rick Allen (drummer) Richard John Cyril Allen (born 1 November 1963) is an English drummer who has played for the hard rock band Def Leppard since 1978. He overcame the amputation of his left arm in 1985 and continued to play with the band, which subsequently went on to its most commercially successful phase. He is known as \\\"The Thunder God\\\" by fans. Rick Allen was born on November 1, 1963 in Dronfield, Derbyshire to\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Allen (drummer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3992054\",\n \"text\": \"Rick Allen (drummer) Richard John Cyril Allen (born 1 November 1963) is an English drummer who has played for the hard rock band Def Leppard since 1978. He overcame the amputation of his left arm in 1985 and continued to play with the band, which subsequently went on to its most commercially successful phase. He is known as \\\"The Thunder God\\\" by fans. Rick Allen was born on November 1, 1963 in Dronfield, Derbyshire to Geoffrey Allen and Kathleen Moore, and started playing drums at the age of nine. He performed in the bands Grad, Smokey Blue, Rampant, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Allen (drummer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3992062\",\n \"text\": \"and was sentenced on 6 August 1996 to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, sought counselling, and served 30 days community service on a graffiti-removal work crew. Rick Allen (drummer) Richard John Cyril Allen (born 1 November 1963) is an English drummer who has played for the hard rock band Def Leppard since 1978. He overcame the amputation of his left arm in 1985 and continued to play with the band, which subsequently went on to its most commercially successful phase. He is known as \\\"The Thunder God\\\" by fans. Rick Allen was born on November 1, 1963 in Dronfield, Derbyshire to\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Allen (drummer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10506816\",\n \"text\": \"swimming pool. They quickly run away when the homeowner spots them, leaving the shirt behind. In 1985, a man buys the shirt at a garage sale. At a parking lot prior to a Def Leppard concert, he surrenders it to a female fan after she flashes him. When the band's tour bus arrives, the female fan has bassist Rick Savage autograph the shirt. Shortly after the concert, she meets a roadie and makes out with him in the bus, where he takes possession of the shirt. In 1987, the roadie enters a coin-op laundromat to have the shirt and his\",\n \"title\": \"Now (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8897456\",\n \"text\": \"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night) \\\"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night)\\\" is the 1981 title track by British heavy metal band Def Leppard from their multi-platinum album \\\"High 'n' Dry\\\". It was ranked number 33 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs. It is one of five songs by Def Leppard, which had a promotional video, but however were not single releases. This song was released as a single in Australia. This song made the \\\"Filthy Fifteen\\\", a list of songs criticized by the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), an American committee formed in 1985, for having explicit lyrics. The group's mission\",\n \"title\": \"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1963793","text":"worldwide media coverage surrounding it. It is also the last album to feature guitarist Steve Clark before his death, although songs co-written by him would appear on the band's next album, \"Adrenalize\". The album is the follow-up to the band's 1983 breakthrough \"Pyromania\". \"Hysteria\"s creation took over three years and was plagued by delays, including the aftermath of drummer Rick Allen’s accident that cost him his left arm on New year’s eve of 31 December, 1984. Subsequent to the album's release, Def Leppard published a book entitled \"Animal Instinct: The Def Leppard Story\", written by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine Senior Editor","title":"Hysteria (Def Leppard album)"},{"docid":"5160463","text":"Frank Noon Frank Noon is a British drummer who played with the bands Def Leppard and Roadhouse with guitarist Pete Willis. He was preceded in Def Leppard by original drummer Tony Kenning and succeeded by current drummer Rick Allen. He was succeeded in Roadhouse by drummer Trevor Brewis. Frank Noon was a member of the trio The Next Band before, during, and after the time he was in Def Leppard, and played on The Next Band's \"Four By Three E.P.\". Frank Noon played on Def Leppard's \"The Def Leppard E.P.\", in 1978. About thirteen years later, Frank Noon played in","title":"Frank Noon"},{"docid":"9872428","text":"Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story is a 2001 made-for-television movie about the English hard rock/heavy metal band Def Leppard. The film premiered on July 18, 2001 and is available on DVD in the US. The film revolves around the humble beginnings of the band, their rise to stardom, Pete Willis' struggle with the bottle and eventual firing, drummer Rick Allen's car accident, Steve Clark's battle with alcoholism and the making of their most successful album to date, \"Hysteria\". The story does not represent the reality about the accident. Rick and Miriam did not","title":"Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story"},{"docid":"3992055","text":"Johnny Kalendar Band. When Allen was 14, his mother replied on his behalf to an advertisement placed by a band called \"Def Leppard\" looking for a drummer to replace Tony Kenning (\"Leppard loses skins\" was the advertisement's headline). He later joined the band on 1 November 1978, which was his 15th birthday. In 1979, he dropped out of school (other band members left their jobs around the same time) to concentrate on a career in music. In September 1979, they opened for Sammy Hagar at London's Hammersmith Odeon. Subsequently, Def Leppard played shows as a support act for AC/DC during","title":"Rick Allen (drummer)"},{"docid":"10434315","text":"Jeff Rich Jeff Rich (born 8 June 1953, Hackney, London) is an English rock drummer, best known as a former drummer for the English rock band Status Quo. He attended school in Hackney at Upton House Comprehensive, and whilst there he appeared in the opera \"Tosca\" at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. He helped out Def Leppard in August 1986 and played alongside Rick Allen who had lost his left arm in a car accident in December 1984. However, during Def Leppard's warm-up mini tour of Ireland, Rich missed a gig, and the rest of the band realised Allen","title":"Jeff Rich"},{"docid":"17162325","text":"Marc Danzeisen Marc Stewart Danzeisen (born in Riverside, CA, January 17, 1961) is an American drummer and musician. He is best known for his work with Riverdogs, Gilby Clarke, Little Caesar, his contributions to Def Leppard, and his appearance in the 1995 film, \"The Brady Bunch Movie\". In 1990, Danzeisen joined the Epic-associated band Riverdogs. The band featured guitarist Vivian Campbell of Dio and Whitesnake fame. While the album did receive critical acclaim, the band never got the push due to internal issues and ‘restructuring’ at the label. Vivian Campbell left the band to join Def Leppard. Danzeisen left the","title":"Marc Danzeisen"},{"docid":"7329851","text":"Def Leppard discography The English hard rock band Def Leppard have released 11 original studio albums, two live albums, four compilation albums, one cover album, and three extended plays. Def Leppard was formed in 1977 by vocalist Joe Elliott, bass player Rick \"Sav\" Savage, guitarist Pete Willis, and drummer Tony Kenning. They later released the EP \"The Def Leppard E.P.\" in 1979. The band signed with Mercury Records and released their debut full-length album \"On Through the Night\". The band's follow up was \"High 'n' Dry\", which reached number 26 in the UK and was certified platinum two times in","title":"Def Leppard discography"},{"docid":"5160465","text":"Leppard, just recently booking studio time and very recently without a drummer, hired Frank Noon to play. The studio was the only time they had ever played together. In February 2003, Frank Noon joined the reformed Atomic Mass for a photo at the Hallam FM Arena . Frank Noon Frank Noon is a British drummer who played with the bands Def Leppard and Roadhouse with guitarist Pete Willis. He was preceded in Def Leppard by original drummer Tony Kenning and succeeded by current drummer Rick Allen. He was succeeded in Roadhouse by drummer Trevor Brewis. Frank Noon was a member","title":"Frank Noon"},{"docid":"1963792","text":"Hysteria (Def Leppard album) Hysteria is the fourth studio album by English hard rock band Def Leppard, released on 3 August 1987 through Mercury Records and reissued on 1 January 2000. It is Def Leppard's best-selling album to date, selling over 25 million copies worldwide, including 12 million in the US, and spawning seven hit singles. The album charted at #1 on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and the UK Albums Chart. \"Hysteria\" was produced by Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange. The title of the album was thought up by drummer Rick Allen, referring to his 1984 auto accident and the ensuing","title":"Hysteria (Def Leppard album)"},{"docid":"10422163","text":"Hysteria World Tour The Hysteria World Tour was a concert tour by English hard rock band Def Leppard for their fourth album \"Hysteria\". This was the first tour with drummer Rick Allen since his car accident on 31 December 1984 when he lost his left arm. Allen returned to the band for recording sessions and the tour using a custom designed electronic drum set. It was also the last tour to feature guitarist Steve Clark before his death on 8 January 1991 from alcoholism and a combination of prescription drugs and painkillers. Prior to the start of the European leg","title":"Hysteria World Tour"},{"docid":"8894810","text":"Hysteria (Def Leppard song) \"Hysteria\" is a love song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard. It is the tenth track on their 1987 album of the same name and was released as the third single from that album in November 1987. On \"VH1 Storytellers: Def Leppard\", lead singer Joe Elliott revealed that the song title came from drummer Rick Allen. The song features a clean guitar melody and heavily multi-tracked vocals in its chorus. The \"extreme\" nature of producer Mutt Lange's recording methods is also exampled in the chorus, where the clean guitar chords were recorded one note","title":"Hysteria (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"1964585","text":"also the only Def Leppard album that does not feature their recognisable logo on the album cover. Between the releases of \"Retro Active\" and \"Slang\", Def Leppard endured hardships including guitarist Phil Collen's divorce from actress Jacqueline Collen, bassist Rick Savage's battle with Bell's palsy and the death of his father, and the arrests of both drummer Rick Allen and lead singer Joe Elliott for spousal abuse and assault, respectively. Though the band says \"Adrenalize\" was recorded during a bleaker time, the absence of Mutt Lange (for the first time on a Def Leppard record since 1981) made it possible","title":"Slang (album)"},{"docid":"10422164","text":"in March 1988, the band rented the Scandinavium arena in Gothenburg, Sweden for a week of full production rehearsals. Many of the dates on the tour were performed \"in the round\", with the stage and light-rigging set up in the middle of arenas, giving the audience a 360 degree view of the band's performance. Hysteria World Tour The Hysteria World Tour was a concert tour by English hard rock band Def Leppard for their fourth album \"Hysteria\". This was the first tour with drummer Rick Allen since his car accident on 31 December 1984 when he lost his left arm.","title":"Hysteria World Tour"},{"docid":"8360897","text":"and adept, and sometimes they're even very good. But never, not once, are they exciting.\" +44's first show took place at the Roxy Theatre in Hollywood on September 7, 2006 with a second appearance following at the London Astoria. The band embarked on a promotional tour of the United Kingdom shortly thereafter. Barker broke a bone in his arm during the band's music video shoot but managed to complete the performances, altering his kit set-up to accommodate. \"He is now using his left foot as his right arm, Def Leppard style,\" confirmed Hoppus. Doctors advised Barker to rest and not","title":"When Your Heart Stops Beating"},{"docid":"5160464","text":"the band Roadhouse with Pete Willis, who was a member of Def Leppard when Frank performed with them. He played on Roadhouse's demo, but was replaced by drummer Trevor Brewis before the recording of Roadhouse's album. Frank Noon also play drums for various other bands including Lionheart, Wild Fire, Wild Horses (not the same band that Johnny Edwards, Rick Steier and James Kottak were in), Stampede, Waysted, Di'anno, More and Crazy Lesbians. Frank Noon was never an official member of Def Leppard. Although he was asked to join permanently, he declined the offer to stay with The Next Band. Def","title":"Frank Noon"},{"docid":"7333522","text":"into the pop mainstream across Europe. Over in America, the lead single \"Women\" performed poorly on the pop charts, which didn't give the band much momentum when \"Animal\" was released afterwards in October 1987. It did reach a respectable #19, though, starting their run of ten consecutive U. S. \"Billboard\" Top 40 singles, and is still one of the most popular numbers at Def Leppard concerts today. The single's UK B-side, \"Tear It Down\", was written during a recording session following the completion of the \"Hysteria\" album, where the band laid down several tracks intended as B-sides for the \"Hysteria\"","title":"Animal (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"10296655","text":"BB Steal BB Steal (Beg Borrow Steal) are an heavily Def Leppard-influenced Australian band formed circa 1987. Lead vocalist Craig Csongrady has been the only permanent member. The band originally featured former Boss members lead vocalist Craig Csongrady and guitarist Kevin Pratt, as well as guitarist Warren Mason, bassist Peter Stanton, and drummer Peter Heckenberg. BB Steal featured, during the course of 1991, drummer Craig Rosevear, who later went on to play with the Screaming Jets. A later line-up of the band featured Csongrady, guitarist Shane Grahovac, guitarist Mark Lloyd, bassist Josh Biggs, and drummer Louis Halkias. Def Leppard guitarist","title":"BB Steal"},{"docid":"2569053","text":"on Friday, June 9, 2018. The title is a play on Def Leppard's 1983 album \"Pyromania\". \"Pyromattia\" features songs from that album as well as 1981's \"High 'N' Dry\", 1987's \"Hysteria\", and 1999's \"Euphoria\". In an interview with \"Billboard\", Nathanson said that Def Leppard singer Joe Elliott liked the album, specifically commenting about his cover of \"Stage Fright\". In a post on Facebook, Nathanson indicated he was a lifelong Def Leppard fan. In that same post, he also teased a forthcoming album of original material, but gave no details. On October 5, 2018, Nathanson released his tenth studio album, \"Sings","title":"Matt Nathanson"},{"docid":"18615318","text":"Def Leppard World Tour 2015 The Def Leppard World Tour was a tour by British rock band Def Leppard in support of their \"self-titled album\". The tour started with 13 dates in Canada through April and May. The end of May and beginning of June was spent playing 12 dates in Europe before Def Leppard returned to the United States for 48 dates with Styx and Tesla from June to October. Announcements of the first dates of the tour began in December 2014 when Def Leppard announced a 13 date tour of Canada in the April and May 2015. It","title":"Def Leppard World Tour 2015"},{"docid":"1963769","text":"were made, featuring Phil Collen (who was not in the band at the time of the album's recording). Both bonus tracks were omitted from the US mid-1990s re-releases of the album, although other countries' releases did include them, but returned when Def Leppard and Mercury came to terms in 2018 and the album was put on digital streaming and downloading platforms. High 'n' Dry High 'n' Dry is the second studio album by the English rock band Def Leppard, released on July 11, 1981. \"High 'n' Dry\" was Pete Willis' last full-time album with Def Leppard. It charted at No.","title":"High 'n' Dry"},{"docid":"1491467","text":"over peers such as The Rolling Stones, AC/DC, and Journey. Following their breakthrough, the band moved to Dublin in February 1984 for tax purposes to begin writing the follow-up to \"Pyromania\". Mutt Lange initially joined in on the songwriting sessions but then suddenly declined to return as producer due to exhaustion. Instead, Jim Steinman (of Meat Loaf's \"Bat Out of Hell\" fame) was brought in. On 31 December 1984, drummer Rick Allen lost his left arm in a car crash on the A57 in the hills outside the band's home city of Sheffield. Allen was driving with his Dutch girlfriend,","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"10506815","text":"Now (Def Leppard song) \"Now\" is a 2002 song by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their \"X\" album. It peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart. The music video (directed by The Malloys) focuses on a Def Leppard Union Jack T-shirt that finds its way through different owners for nearly two decades. It starts in the year 1983, when a teenage girl purchases the shirt from a music store. One day, as she is sleeping, her younger brother steals the shirt and rides off with his friend to sneak into a neighbour's backyard and use the","title":"Now (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"7908680","text":"\"Yeah!\" (2006). Best of Def Leppard Best of Def Leppard (or The Best Of) is a compilation album featuring some of Def Leppard's most popular songs. The album charted at No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. \"Best Of\" supplements 1995's \"Vault\" as the definitive collection of Def Leppard's work. In fact, \"Best of Disc 1\" is essentially Vault with the addition of \"Long Long Way to Go.\" A 2-CD limited edition was released in a slipcase with more obscure fan-favourite album cuts on the second disc, including tracks from more recent albums. In the UK, a cover of The","title":"Best of Def Leppard"},{"docid":"7908677","text":"Best of Def Leppard Best of Def Leppard (or The Best Of) is a compilation album featuring some of Def Leppard's most popular songs. The album charted at No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. \"Best Of\" supplements 1995's \"Vault\" as the definitive collection of Def Leppard's work. In fact, \"Best of Disc 1\" is essentially Vault with the addition of \"Long Long Way to Go.\" A 2-CD limited edition was released in a slipcase with more obscure fan-favourite album cuts on the second disc, including tracks from more recent albums. In the UK, a cover of The Kinks' \"Waterloo","title":"Best of Def Leppard"},{"docid":"10422237","text":"and loads of backing vocals\" and said that \"live, this song has always been a favourite with fans\". The single cover features the Def Leppard logo (the 1995 variation) but \"Slang\" did not feature the logo in any variation. The music video was directed by Nigel Dick. Recorded on Occidental Studios, Los Angeles in April 1996. The video was released in May 1996. An additional \"Director's Cut\" video was released in October 2004, included on the \"Best of the Videos\" DVD. Slang (Def Leppard song) \"Slang\" is a 1996 song by the English rock band Def Leppard from their gold","title":"Slang (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"15802611","text":"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard \"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard\" is an episode of the CMT television show \"CMT Crossroads\". The episode features performances by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and English hard rock band Def Leppard. The performance was taped on October 6, 2008, and made its television premiere on November 7, 2008, and was released on June 16, 2009 on DVD exclusively to Walmart stores in the United States by Big Machine Records. The program featured songs by both Swift and Def Leppard as well as interview segments. When the program was released on DVD it contained additional interviews","title":"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard"},{"docid":"1491468","text":"Miriam Barendsen, when his Corvette swerved off the road on a sharp bend and went through a drystone wall. Despite the severity of the accident, Allen was committed to continuing his role as Def Leppard's drummer, and realised that he could use his legs to do some of the drumming work previously done with his arms. He then worked with Simmons to design a custom electronic drum kit. The other members of the band supported Allen's recovery and never sought a replacement. Allen was placed in a separate studio to practice his new drums. After a few months, Allen gathered","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"9872429","text":"take any drugs before it happened. They were driving on a sunny morning just after breakfast, and Rick was showing his girlfriend Miriam the beautiful nature around Sheffield. Other historical errors in the movie included The following Def Leppard tracks are featured in the movie. Some songs include newly added lead vocals or drums (recorded by session musicians), most notably during scenes in the recording studio. The movie also includes an entirely re-recorded version of the early Def Leppard song \"Getcha Rocks Off\", which was recorded without involvement of any Def Leppard members. Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story Hysteria","title":"Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story"},{"docid":"8894811","text":"at a time as opposed to the traditional method of strumming them, in effect \"building\" a chord by recording the notes that make them up. The melody was also derived from Pink Floyd's \"Goodbye Blue Sky\". An acoustic rendition of the song was performed by Elliott and guitarist Phil Collen on the \"Hysteria\" edition of VH1's \"Classic Albums\". Hysteria (Def Leppard song) \"Hysteria\" is a love song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard. It is the tenth track on their 1987 album of the same name and was released as the third single from that album in November","title":"Hysteria (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"3335261","text":"X (Def Leppard album) X (pronounced \"ten\") is the eighth studio album by English rock band Def Leppard, released on 30 July 2002 by Island Records in the US and sister label Mercury worldwide. Much like 1996's \"Slang\", it featured another departure from their signature sound by moving into the pop genre. The album charted at No. 11 on The Billboard 200 and No. 14 on the UK Albums Chart. Most of the album was produced by Pete Woodroffe and the band, with remaining tracks produced by either Marti Frederiksen or Per Aldeheim and Andreas Carlsson. This is the first","title":"X (Def Leppard album)"},{"docid":"3027663","text":"stretched from May 1999 to September 2000. Upon the album's ten-year anniversary in June 2009, The Record Review noted that \"the band has yet to match it with any release since (despite the stiff competition of 2002's \"X\") and it still stands between leaders \"Hysteria\" and \"Pyromania\" as the band's best album.\" Euphoria (Def Leppard album) Euphoria is the seventh studio album by English rock band Def Leppard, released on 8 June 1999 in the United States and on 14 June 1999 in the United Kingdom by Mercury Records. The album aimed to return to their signature sound made famous","title":"Euphoria (Def Leppard album)"},{"docid":"8735522","text":"arm, Def Leppard style,\" confirmed Hoppus. A doctor informed Barker he had broken a bone in his arm during the band's video shoot and was instructed to immediately rest and not take part in the band's upcoming live dates, including early 2007 jaunts to Australia and Europe. Barker nevertheless took part, but after an excruciating Amsterdam gig, the band drafted Gil Sharone, then of The Dillinger Escape Plan, to fill-in for him. All lyrics written by Mark Hoppus, all music composed by +44. When Your Heart Stops Beating (song) \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\" is a song by American rock","title":"When Your Heart Stops Beating (song)"},{"docid":"17162328","text":"vocals on the Tom Petty song “American Girl” from the Def Leppard cover songs CD “Yeah” released through the Walmart chain from 2006. Danzeisen also sang backgrounds on the Def Leppard album \"Songs From The Sparkle Lounge\" in 2008. In 1995, writer, producer, and guitarist Dave Darling (producer of Brian Setzer, mixer of John Waite's ‘Rough & Tumble’ album and many other artists) asked Danzeisen to sing backgrounds, and later to assemble a band for \"The Brady Bunch Movie\" soundtrack. Danzeisen was the drummer, Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. (Jellyfish) played keyboards, Sheldon Strickland bass, Eric Dover (Jellyfish) guitar, and Dave","title":"Marc Danzeisen"},{"docid":"1491512","text":"Clock and the Riverdogs, and recorded a solo album, \"Two Sides of If\", released in 2005. Campbell toured with Thin Lizzy in early 2011 before joining Def Leppard on their latest tour. Collen sings lead vocals and plays guitar in a side band called Man Raze with Sex Pistols drummer Paul Cook and former Girl bandmate Simon Laffy. They released their debut album \"Surreal\" in 2008 and a second album, \"PunkFunkRootsRock\", in 2008. Joe Elliott founded and fronts the band Down 'n' Outz with members of The Quireboys. The band plays covers of Mott the Hoople and related artists such","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"14660299","text":"Down 'n' Outz Down 'n' Outz are an English band featuring members from Def Leppard, The Quireboys, and Raw Glory. The group covers bands and artists related to Mott the Hoople including Mott, British Lions, and Ian Hunter. Their debut album, \"My ReGeneration\", was released in 2010, and was followed by a DVD release of the band's show at Hammersmith Odeon. The band's second studio album, \"The Further Adventures Of...\" was released in April 2014. The band was formed by Joe Elliott from Def Leppard, London rock drummer Phil Martini, Ronnie Garrity from Raw Glory, and Paul Guerin, Guy Griffin,","title":"Down 'n' Outz"},{"docid":"7351816","text":"The Def Leppard E.P. The Def Leppard E.P. is the debut EP by British rock band Def Leppard. The EP was recorded at Fairview Studios in Hull, in November 1978 and self-produced by the band. The EP's cover is a parody of the painting \"His Master's Voice\", with a leopard in place of the painting's dog, Nipper. The record was first released with the code SRT CUS 232 and a red label by the band's own company Bludgeon-Riffola. One hundred copies included lyric sheet inserts that vocalist Joe Elliott had photocopied during his lunch-break at work. Additionally, he and his","title":"The Def Leppard E.P."},{"docid":"1491456","text":"album, \"Retro Active\", contained the acoustic hit song \"Two Steps Behind\". Their greatest-hits album \"\", released in 1995, featured the UK hit \"When Love & Hate Collide\". As one of the world's best-selling music artists, Def Leppard have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, and have two albums with RIAA diamond certification, \"Pyromania\" and \"Hysteria\". They are one of only five rock bands with two original studio albums selling over 10 million copies in the U.S. The band were ranked No. 31 in VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\" and ranked No. 70 in \"100 Greatest Artists of","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"1491505","text":"as the catalyst for the 1980s pop-metal movement. Def Leppard, however, expressed their dislike of the \"glam metal\" label, as they thought it did not accurately describe their look or musical style. By the release of the \"Hysteria\" album, the band had developed a distinctive sound featuring electronic drums and effects-laden guitar sounds overlaid with a multi-layered wall of husky, harmonised vocals. Def Leppard have been cited as an influence by a wide range of musical acts, from heavy metal and thrash metal bands such as Slayer, Pantera, and Metallica as part of the new wave of British heavy metal","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"3335262","text":"Def Leppard album in which drummer Rick Allen actively took part in song-writing. On all of the band's prior albums, he is only credited with helping co-write 3 tracks. On this album alone, he co-wrote 11. The album features the Roman numeral 'X', recognising it as their tenth album release, although the album is in fact only their eighth collection of all-new studio material. The other two albums released by the band prior to the release of \"X\", \"Retro Active\" and \"\", were a rerecording of B-sides and rarities and a greatest hits set respectively. The album peaked at number","title":"X (Def Leppard album)"},{"docid":"1491459","text":"to recording sessions for what would be a three-song release known as \"The Def Leppard E.P.\", Kenning abruptly left the band; he would later form the band Cairo. He was replaced for those sessions by Frank Noon. By the end of the month, Rick Allen, then only 15 years old, had joined the band as its full-time drummer. Sales of the EP soared after the track \"Getcha Rocks Off\" was given extensive airtime by renowned BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel, considered at the time to be a champion of punk rock and new wave music. Throughout 1979, the band","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"20684085","text":"it, why we did it. We re-recorded \"When Love & Hate Collide\". Which is actually better than the album version I think.\" The Lost Session The Lost Session is an EP by British rock band Def Leppard. It was released on 19 January 2018 and is exclusive to iTunes Store and Apple Music services. \"The Lost Session\" was recorded in 2006 specifically for the iTunes Store, but the long running dispute between Def Leppard and Universal Records over digital royalties that ended in early 2018 prevented it and everything else in Leppard's catalog from being released digitally. Lead singer Joe","title":"The Lost Session"},{"docid":"8906619","text":"that has been performed live on successive tours other than the one directly supporting its parent album. This is also an Enhanced CD-ROM where the Promises music video is recorded. In 2018, singer-songwriter Matt Nathanson included his cover of \"Promises\" on \"Pyromattia\". The album is composed entirely of Def Leppard covers and features songs from \"High 'N' Dry\", \"Pyromania\", \"Hysteria\", and \"Euphoria\". Promises (Def Leppard song) \"Promises\" is a 1999 song by British rock band Def Leppard from their album \"Euphoria\". It was released as a single later that year and reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock","title":"Promises (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"6044247","text":"Love Bites (Def Leppard song) \"Love Bites\" is a power ballad recorded by the English rock band Def Leppard in 1987 on the album \"Hysteria\". It is Def Leppard's only number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 to date. When Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange originally brought the song to the band's attention, it was a country ballad, which the band thought sounded like nothing they had done before. The band then added power rock elements and emotive backing vocals similar to those used in R&B ballads at the time. The title \"Love Bites\" was originally used for a very different","title":"Love Bites (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"1491469","text":"the band together and performed the intro to the Led Zeppelin version of \"When the Levee Breaks\" to showcase his progress to the band. Joe Elliott reports this as being a \"very emotional moment.\" During this period, Mutt Lange returned as producer. Def Leppard brought in Jeff Rich in August 1986 to play alongside Allen during Def Leppard's warm-up mini tour of Ireland. When the band couldn't fit two drum kits on stage at a gig, he and the band realized Allen could drum alone. Allen's comeback was sealed at the 1986 Monsters of Rock festival in England, with an","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"14754640","text":"\"Hysteria\". During recordings of \"Angelia\", engineer and co-producer David Cole along with Richard Marx tried to copy the sounds of the guitars and drums that Def Leppard and producer \"Mutt\" Lange had used on the \"Hysteria\" and \"Pyromania\" records. During a night out with Def Leppard guitarist Phil Collen, Richard Marx was told that Def Leppard attempted to emulate Angelia for a song that was to appear on the next Def Leppard album, \"Adrenalize\". The song Def Leppard recorded with \"Angelia\" in mind was likely the hit \"Have You Ever Needed Someone So Bad\". The production and sound of the","title":"Angelia (song)"},{"docid":"4506602","text":"the firm by the time his band Def Leppard was signed to a professional record deal with Phonogram Records. Before joining Def Leppard in 1978, Clark played cover songs with his small band, \"Electric Chicken\", in Sheffield. Around that time, he met Pete Willis (Def Leppard's original guitarist and founder) at a technical college. Willis spotted Clark reading a guitar book and asked if he played. He then invited Steve to come and audition for his band, as they were looking to add a second guitarist. Clark never showed up, but when Willis and singer Joe Elliott bumped into Clark","title":"Steve Clark"},{"docid":"15802612","text":"and three bonus songs not featured in the original program. Bonus performances included on the DVD: Taylor Swift and Def Leppard \"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard\" is an episode of the CMT television show \"CMT Crossroads\". The episode features performances by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and English hard rock band Def Leppard. The performance was taped on October 6, 2008, and made its television premiere on November 7, 2008, and was released on June 16, 2009 on DVD exclusively to Walmart stores in the United States by Big Machine Records. The program featured songs by both Swift and Def Leppard","title":"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard"},{"docid":"1491493","text":"through 13 April 2013. The residency, referred to as Viva! Hysteria, featured a two part show, with the first half featuring Def Leppard opening for themselves, under the alias \"Ded Flatbird\", (jokingly called the best Def Leppard cover band in the world), when they would then play songs they very rarely play live, going all the way back to \"Good Morning Freedom\", a b-side from the single \"Hello America\" released in February 1980, an era usually left untouched by the band. The opening set varied each night, from playing the best hits from albums like \"On Through the Night\", \"Slang\",","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"7949252","text":"Rejects then performed Def Leppard's \"Photograph\". During the performance, drummer Chris Gaylor wore nothing but British flag shorts - a reference to what Leppard drummer Rick Allen wore in some of the band's old music videos. After Def Leppard's biography they took the stage and performed \"Rock of Ages,\" a long version of \"Rocket\" with a guitar solo, then continued to play a T.Rex cover off their newest album, \"Yeah!\", \"20th Century Boy.\" For this performance, Joe Elliott invited Brian May to join the band. A supergroup was then formed of Rob Zombie, Slash, Gilby Clarke, Scott Ian, Ace Frehley,","title":"VH1 Rock Honors"},{"docid":"1612497","text":"in United States on Fox 5 and Fox 5 HD on Wednesday nights with American dubbing. \"Banzai\" is sometimes mistaken for a Japanese-produced show, such as on Comcast's interactive guide. It is, in reality, a British show. Among the people Mr Shake-Hands Man (sometimes known as Shakey-Hands Man or Mr Shakey-Hand Man), has shaken hands with are: He also shook the hand of Def Leppard drummer Rick Allen. One of the last handshakes was with Jackie Collins and it did not last very long as she forced his hand off hers with her other hand. Mr Shake-Hands Man 2 had","title":"Banzai (TV series)"},{"docid":"8791291","text":"to their 2011 album \"Insidious\". Photograph (Def Leppard song) \"Photograph\" is a song performed by English hard rock band Def Leppard and produced by Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange. It is the lead single from the band's third studio album, \"Pyromania\" (1983). Their lead vocalist Joe Elliott has described the song as generally about \"something you can't ever get your hands on\". When released as a single it reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Tracks chart, where it stayed for six weeks, and No. 12 on the Pop Singles chart. In 2006 the song was used in promotional adverts for","title":"Photograph (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"8791287","text":"Photograph (Def Leppard song) \"Photograph\" is a song performed by English hard rock band Def Leppard and produced by Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange. It is the lead single from the band's third studio album, \"Pyromania\" (1983). Their lead vocalist Joe Elliott has described the song as generally about \"something you can't ever get your hands on\". When released as a single it reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Tracks chart, where it stayed for six weeks, and No. 12 on the Pop Singles chart. In 2006 the song was used in promotional adverts for the DVD release of \"Blades","title":"Photograph (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"7707323","text":"album Americana. Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song) \"Rock of Ages\" is a hit song by Def Leppard from their Diamond-selling 1983 album \"Pyromania\". When issued as a single in the United States, the song reached #16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and #19 on the Cash Box Top 100. It also hit #1 on the Top Tracks Rock chart. In 2012, the band re-recorded the song, along with \"Pour Some Sugar on Me\", under the title \"Rock of Ages 2012\". Both were released digitally on 4 June 2012. The song begins with \"Gunter glieben glauten globen\", a German-like","title":"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"7707319","text":"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song) \"Rock of Ages\" is a hit song by Def Leppard from their Diamond-selling 1983 album \"Pyromania\". When issued as a single in the United States, the song reached #16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and #19 on the Cash Box Top 100. It also hit #1 on the Top Tracks Rock chart. In 2012, the band re-recorded the song, along with \"Pour Some Sugar on Me\", under the title \"Rock of Ages 2012\". Both were released digitally on 4 June 2012. The song begins with \"Gunter glieben glauten globen\", a German-like nonsense phrase","title":"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"10422236","text":"Slang (Def Leppard song) \"Slang\" is a 1996 song by the English rock band Def Leppard from their gold album \"Slang\". It reached #17 on the UK Singles Chart. The song is the only one from its parent album to be played after the Slang World Tour of 1996 to 1997, with Def Leppard performing the song most recently during their Viva! Hysteria concert residency of Las Vegas in 2013. In reference to the song, lead singer Elliot said in the album's commentary that \"Slang\" is \"a bit of a throwback to [Def Leppard's] original sound, in other words loads","title":"Slang (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"10506817","text":"laundry cleaned. As he sleeps while waiting for his laundry, a woman steals the shirt and slips it between her laundry in a cart. The video ends in the year 2002, where a woman (presumably an older version of the teenager from the 1983 scene), buys the shirt from an online auction and then receives it in the mail. Now (Def Leppard song) \"Now\" is a 2002 song by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their \"X\" album. It peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart. The music video (directed by The Malloys) focuses on a Def","title":"Now (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"17593403","text":"California on 12 October. Campbell's former Sweet Savage bandmate Ray Haller filled in for Bain during the band's next performance at Loudpark Festival in Tokyo on 20 October. During 2015, as Campbell fought his battle with Hodgkin's lymphoma and embarked on a 100 date tour with Def Leppard in support of their 2015 self-titled effort, Last in Line did not tour, instead they finished the recording of their debut album \"Heavy Crown\". They joined Def Leppard on their \"Hysteria on the High Seas\" concert cruise from 21–25 January 2016, and played a pre-cruise show at Magic City Casino in Miami","title":"Last in Line"},{"docid":"3335263","text":"11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, but did not sell to the standards of their previous releases and failed to earn any RIAA certifications. Nothing from this album had been performed live by the band since the conclusion of its supporting tour until the 'Rock of Ages' tour of 2012 during which the opening track \"Now\" was performed acoustically. For a short time after the album was released, Def Leppard's website Defleppard.com featured a free mp3 download of \"Perfect Girl,\" a bonus track and early version of the track \"Gravity\". X (Def Leppard album) X (pronounced \"ten\") is the eighth studio","title":"X (Def Leppard album)"},{"docid":"8906618","text":"Promises (Def Leppard song) \"Promises\" is a 1999 song by British rock band Def Leppard from their album \"Euphoria\". It was released as a single later that year and reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and No. 38 on the Top 40 Mainstream. The song was also featured on the second discs of their compilations \"Best of Def Leppard\" and \"\", released in 2004 and 2005. A live version is featured on their live album \"Viva! Hysteria\", released in October 2013. It is also one of the few songs from that period of their career","title":"Promises (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"19004205","text":"Rock Roll of Honours Award for Album of the Year. In August 2015, singer Joe Elliott stated that the album would consist of 14 tracks with a running time of around 55 minutes. Regarding the sound of the album, he explained \"It's just called \"Def Leppard\" because that's what it sounds like. It doesn't sound like any one specific era of Def Leppard. It's got everything. [...] Every single aspect of anything we've ever wanted to put out — acoustic, heavy, soft, slow, fast — it's there. That's why we call it \"Def Leppard\" because, just like Queen were, we're","title":"Def Leppard (album)"},{"docid":"1491514","text":"called Kings of Chaos, whose catalogue consists of songs by Deep Purple, Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses and others. In 2012, Kings of Chaos recorded their version of Deep Purple's classic, \"Never Before\" featuring Elliott singing lead vocals. Kings of Chaos played Stone Fest in Australia along with a few dates in South America in 2013. Phil Collen formed a blues project by the name of Delta Deep with vocalist Debbi Blackwell Cook which released an eponymous debut in 2015. Def Leppard Def Leppard are an English rock band formed in 1977 in Sheffield as part of the new wave","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"10558189","text":"Alive\" as the only song from those sessions to remain hidden. Although Def Leppard has all but disowned \"On Through the Night\", “Wasted” has nonetheless been played live occasionally on some recent tours (since 1999) to the present – being the only song from that album apart from six performances of “Rock Brigade” in 2005 and 2013 to be performed since the completion of the \"Pyromania\" tour. UK Vinyl, 7\", Single Wasted (Def Leppard song) “Wasted” is a song by British rock band Def Leppard. It is the first single, and seventh track, from their debut album \"On Through the","title":"Wasted (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"4506603","text":"again at a Judas Priest gig, Willis re-issued his invitation. Clark finally came down to their rehearsal room and joined Def Leppard in January 1978. According to Elliott in \"Behind the Music\", Clark auditioned for Def Leppard by playing all of Lynyrd Skynyrd's \"Free Bird\" without accompaniment. While a member of Def Leppard, Clark contributed to over 90% of the music. Clark and Pete Willis shared lead-guitar duties, and Clark was nicknamed \"The Riffmaster\" due to his amazing talent and ability to come up with some of the coolest guitar riffs in modern rock. Toward the end of the Pyromania","title":"Steve Clark"},{"docid":"13256336","text":"to Full moon. In April 2009, Middleton revealed on his MySpace that he planned to release a new album: My new record is ok, but I've just listened to \"Hysteria\" by Def Leppard and that's much better. I used to hate that album when I was sixteen but now I love it. I wonder when they changed it? Hold on, am I really trying to sell my album by saying it's not as good as Def Leppard? I should work for Saatchi & Saatchi. Anyway. Yes, my new album is called \"Waxing Gibbous\" and it'll be released on the 1st","title":"Waxing Gibbous"},{"docid":"8898156","text":"music video was directed by Nigel Dick in April 1996 at Occidental Studios in Los Angeles, California. The video was released in May 1996. \"Work It Out\" has not been played live by the band since the Slang World Tour in 1997. This single contains collector's postcards of classic Def Leppard album covers. It contains the \"On Through the Night\", \"High 'n' Dry\", \"Pyromania\" and \"Hysteria\" postcards, with band members comments on the back. Work It Out (Def Leppard song) \"Work It Out\" is a 1996 song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard from their gold album \"Slang\".","title":"Work It Out (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"7329854","text":"\"Songs from the Sparkle Lounge\", which included the single \"Nine Lives\" featuring country singer Tim McGraw. The band released \"Mirrorball\", its first live album, in 2011, which would be followed by another live album in 2013, \"Viva! Hysteria\", featuring the Hysteria album played live in its entirety, from their Las Vegas residency at the Hard Rock Hotel. The band released a self-titled studio album on 30 October 2015. Def Leppard discography The English hard rock band Def Leppard have released 11 original studio albums, two live albums, four compilation albums, one cover album, and three extended plays. Def Leppard was","title":"Def Leppard discography"},{"docid":"5598627","text":"\"Can't Keep Away From the Flame,\" a song which has never been released in other regions. It was later released as a B-side on some of the \"Slang\" singles. Years later it was included on the deluxe edition of \"Slang\". The following people contributed to \"Vault\": Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) is the first greatest hits album and the second compilation album by English hard rock band Def Leppard. The album was originally released in the band's home country on 23 October 1995 by Mercury Records. It was released in North America a","title":"Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995)"},{"docid":"5598623","text":"Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) is the first greatest hits album and the second compilation album by English hard rock band Def Leppard. The album was originally released in the band's home country on 23 October 1995 by Mercury Records. It was released in North America a few days later by the same label. \"Vault\" went on to be certified gold in four countries, platinum in three and multi-platinum in two. In the US, the album is currently certified 4× platinum by the RIAA, and in June 2011 it topped the five million","title":"Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995)"},{"docid":"21014821","text":"announced a European tour in celebration of the induction which followed the December 2018 UK and Ireland tour. Def Leppard European Tour 2019 The Def Leppard European Tour 2019 is a European tour by British rock band Def Leppard. The tour will begin on June 6, 2019 in Sweden at the Sweden Rock Festival in Solvesborg, Sweden and is scheduled to end on July 7, 2019 at Rock Fest Barcelona. Bon Jovi will also be appearing on the Sonderborg, Düsseldorf and Munich shows. Whitesnake will appear at the Milan show. The band is scheduled to be inducted into the Rock","title":"Def Leppard European Tour 2019"},{"docid":"21014820","text":"Def Leppard European Tour 2019 The Def Leppard European Tour 2019 is a European tour by British rock band Def Leppard. The tour will begin on June 6, 2019 in Sweden at the Sweden Rock Festival in Solvesborg, Sweden and is scheduled to end on July 7, 2019 at Rock Fest Barcelona. Bon Jovi will also be appearing on the Sonderborg, Düsseldorf and Munich shows. Whitesnake will appear at the Milan show. The band is scheduled to be inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame on March 29, 2019 in Brooklyn, New York. In late 2018 the band","title":"Def Leppard European Tour 2019"},{"docid":"19004204","text":"Def Leppard (album) Def Leppard is the self-titled eleventh studio album by the British rock band of the same name, released on October 30, 2015. Leppard's first studio album since \"Songs from the Sparkle Lounge\" (2008) (marking the longest gap between two studio albums in their career) and their first on earMUSIC Records, it became their seventh top ten album after debuting on the \"Billboard\" 200 at number 10. The first single \"Let's Go\" was released 15 September 2015, alongside the artwork and track listing. The album was produced by Ronan McHugh and Def Leppard. It won a 2016 Classic","title":"Def Leppard (album)"},{"docid":"1491488","text":"and ZZ Top. In October 2008, Def Leppard played with country star Taylor Swift in a taped show in Nashville, Tennessee, in a show called CMT Crossroads: Taylor Swift and Def Leppard. This was released as a DVD on 16 June 2009 exclusively at Wal-Mart. The release was the best-selling DVD of week, and the 10th best selling Wal-Mart music release. A fan of the band since childhood, Taylor Swift chose Def Leppard to perform together for the show, and their crossover performance of \"Photograph\" was up for both Performance of the Year and Wide Open Country Video of the","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"1491487","text":"which were cancelled during the USA/Canada leg of their world tour due to illnesses affecting Joe Elliott and Phil Collen would be rescheduled and played in August of that year. On 11 June, Def Leppard announced further dates for their 2008 World Tour. The extension saw them visit Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Whitesnake continued to support Def Leppard for their Indian and Japanese dates. Def Leppard toured 41 US cities plus Toronto, Canada, during mid-2009 with Poison and Cheap Trick and also played the Download Festival at Donington Park, England to a sell out crowd of 83,000 with Whitesnake","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"17600677","text":"Crazy Lixx Crazy Lixx is a Swedish glam metal band, formed in Malmö, Sweden in 2002. The group is another band belonging to the Swedish hard rock scene, with influences from bands like Guns N' Roses, Aerosmith, Kiss, Whitesnake, Alice Cooper, Def Leppard and Mötley Crüe. Crazy Lixx was founded in late 2002 by Dirt Child Danny and Vic Zino, in an attempt to bring back 80's-style glam metal. After Joey Cirera was asked to be the drummer, the core of the band was formed. They began playing in establishments like any other band, only in 2007 released their debut","title":"Crazy Lixx"},{"docid":"4258197","text":"Paul Day (musician) Paul Mario Day (born 19 April 1956) is a British singer who was the original lead vocalist of Iron Maiden from 1975 to 1976. Day was the first lead singer for Iron Maiden from 1975 to 1976. On the Iron Maiden The Early Days DVD it was mentioned that Day was sacked because he did not have enough stage charisma. He was replaced by Dennis Wilcock. He later formed a band called More that played at the Donington Monsters of Rock Festival in 1981, and also had onetime Iron Maiden guitarist Paul Todd and Def Leppard drummer","title":"Paul Day (musician)"},{"docid":"8898155","text":"Work It Out (Def Leppard song) \"Work It Out\" is a 1996 song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard from their gold album \"Slang\". It was released as a single later that year, reaching number six on the US Mainstream Rock chart and number 22 on the UK Singles Chart. Lead singer Elliot said in the album's commentary that \"Work It Out\" \"was Vivian [Campbell's] first songwriting contribution to the band\" and that Elliot \"had this opportunity to channel [his] inner Iggy Pop instead of screeching in this high register like [he'd] always done in the past\". The","title":"Work It Out (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"10558187","text":"Wasted (Def Leppard song) “Wasted” is a song by British rock band Def Leppard. It is the first single, and seventh track, from their debut album \"On Through the Night\". The recording featured on the single is a different version from the \"On Through the Night\" LP. The B-Side on the single is “Hello America”, which is also a different recording from the LP. These alternative, single-only versions of “Wasted” and “Hello America” have never been released on CD, except on bootlegs. The record was produced by Nick Tauber, who the band selected because of his previous clients, particularly Thin","title":"Wasted (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"1963795","text":"band's interest in creating a bigger, more pristine pop production. Joe Elliott later stated in an interview: \"Todd Rundgren produced (Meat Loaf's) \"Bat Out of Hell\". Jim Steinman wrote it\". After parting ways with Steinman following an unsatisfactory recording of \"Don't Shoot Shotgun\", the band tried to produce the album themselves with Lange's engineer Nigel Green with no success, and initial recording sessions were entirely scrapped. On 31 December 1984, Rick Allen lost his left arm when his Corvette flipped off a country road. Following the accident, the band stood by Allen's decision to return to the drum kit despite","title":"Hysteria (Def Leppard album)"},{"docid":"7347408","text":"London but musical differences ended with Cox leaving the band replaced by former Lautrec frontman, Reuben Archer. Former Judas Priest drummer Les Binks replaced the Wild Horses-bound Noon for the 1981 UK tour with Def Leppard with former Wild Horses drummer Clive Edwards eventually replacing Binks. Archer, too, briefly spent time in Wild Horses before forming Stampede with his step son, guitarist Laurence Archer, Noon, and bassist Colin Bond. The song \"Lionheart\", recorded by Reuben Archer, Dennis Stratton, Steve Mann, Rocky Newton, and Frank Noon belatedly surfaced on the \"Heavy Metal Heroes Vol. 2\" (Heavy Metal Records) compilation in 1982.","title":"Lionheart (band)"},{"docid":"2805393","text":"Leppard album \"Songs from the Sparkle Lounge\", having also co-written the first single, \"Nine Lives\", with Def Leppard band members Joe Elliott, Phil Collen, and Rick Savage. The unusual pairing goes back to 2006 when McGraw joined Def Leppard onstage for the song \"Pour Some Sugar On Me\", and then collaborated on the song \"Nine Lives\" afterward. The album was released on April 25, 2008. At the 2007 50th Annual Grammy Awards, McGraw received 5 nominations including Best Country Album (for \"Let It Go\", Best Country Song (both for \"If You're Reading This\" and \"I Need You\"), Best Country Collaboration","title":"Tim McGraw"},{"docid":"1491510","text":"Aerosmith. Collen also produced and played on the 1991 album \"On The Edge\" from Australian band BB Steal. Joe Elliott sang lead vocals on two tracks on Rolling Stones guitarist Ronnie Wood's 1992 solo album, \"Slide on This\". His then-wife Karla appeared in the videos for \"Always Wanted More\" and \"Somebody Else Might\". Various members of Def Leppard have played on tribute records for Jeff Beck, AC/DC and Alice Cooper. A fan of his local football club Sheffield United F.C., Elliott performed on two tracks to the soundtrack of the 1996 Sheffield-set motion picture, \"When Saturday Comes\" (featuring fellow Sheffield","title":"Def Leppard"},{"docid":"9844991","text":"video then fades to black, showing an \"all persons fictitious\" disclaimer ending with \"...except the drummer from Def Leppard\", who is referenced in the bridge. Why's Everybody Always Pickin' on Me? \"Why's Everybody Always Pickin' On Me?\" is the fifth single off the Bloodhound Gang's 1996 (re-released in 1998) album \"One Fierce Beer Coaster\". The song samples \"Spooky\" by Classics IV and \"Never Let Me Down Again\" by Depeche Mode. The title is borrowed from the classic 1959 song \"Charlie Brown\" performed by The Coasters, in which a school troublemaker complains about being picked upon when his schemes backfire. The","title":"Why's Everybody Always Pickin' on Me?"},{"docid":"1963768","text":"High 'n' Dry High 'n' Dry is the second studio album by the English rock band Def Leppard, released on July 11, 1981. \"High 'n' Dry\" was Pete Willis' last full-time album with Def Leppard. It charted at No. 38 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and No. 26 on the UK Albums Chart. \"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night)\", ranked No. 33 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs. Following the success of \"Pyromania\", the album re-entered in the US chart and reached No. 72 in 1983. \"High 'n' Dry\" was reissued on 31 May 1984 with two bonus tracks: Videos for both","title":"High 'n' Dry"},{"docid":"10558234","text":"Desert Song \"Desert Song\" is a song by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their 1993 rarities and 'B-sides' album \"Retro Active\". This song was an outtake from the songwriting sessions that produced 1987's \"Hysteria\". Self-produced, it became one of the last songs to be released by Def Leppard bearing the songwriting and guitar-playing of Steve Clark, who died on 8 January 1991. It was a hit on U.S. rock radio, reaching number twelve on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It was recorded as an instrumental for their album \"Hysteria\" (1987) but left off the album and was largely","title":"Desert Song"},{"docid":"18848888","text":"on & Jake decided to name the company after his late mother to honor her & help spread the word about cancer awareness. Jake & C.R. Alsip Guitars worked hand in hand with Phil Collen (Def Leppard) in 2012 to raise funds for the Gerson Institute. The company has built instruments for, and worked with, acts such as Def Leppard, Tesla, Firehouse, Love & Theft & Saving Abel. Bill Leverty of Firehouse & Frank Hannon of Tesla were the first guitarists to endorse C.R. Alsip guitars and play them on the road when the company opened its doors in 2012.","title":"C.R. Alsip Guitars"},{"docid":"16699513","text":"as support act on an AC/DC tour. A BBC documentary on the band records their unhappiness with their early managers Pete Martin and Frank Stuart-Brown, following a fist-fight between singer Joe Elliott and Martin. The film quotes Mensch as saying Burnstein told him \"I don't care if they have managers...steal them from another set of managers.\" The band's drummer Rick Allen recollects that he did approach Mensch, and Mensch signed them to Leber-Krebs. After a disagreement with Leber-Krebs over royalties, Mensch was terminated from that firm and started Q Prime with Cliff Burnstein. Def Leppard was the sole client to","title":"Peter Mensch"},{"docid":"4910773","text":"12\", and CD-single formats. \"More Than I Want\" was co-written with drummer Frank Noon, who was replaced in Roadhouse by drummer Trevor Brewis before the band recorded their album. + are non-album bonus tracks. Note: The band's third single, released in 1992 in 12\" picture disc, and CD-single formats. + are non-album bonus tracks. According to the band's website, the song \"Jackson High\" is from a 4 song demo and features drummer Frank Noon. Roadhouse (band) Roadhouse was a British rock band that once included former Def Leppard members guitarist Pete Willis and drummer Frank Noon. According to the band's","title":"Roadhouse (band)"},{"docid":"19004207","text":"Def Leppard song. It's that three-minute pop-rock stuff with big chunky guitars and a big chorus. And it has that swaggering, mid-tempo rhythm, like \"Pour Some Sugar on Me\", and \"Rock of Ages\".\" He described that the band wanted a familiar sounding song to introduce the album, being released several years after their previous album. Joe Elliott, observed \"Classic Rock\", \"is the first to admit that Leppard aren't Bob Dylan. Sometimes they're barely even Bob the Builder. But then that's the beauty of it – if ever a band were cliché-proof, it's Def Leppard. If nothing else, you have to","title":"Def Leppard (album)"},{"docid":"3294851","text":"Fallin' Apart & Breakin' Free. On July 12, 2011 they released a mostly acoustic album titled \"Twisted Wires and the Acoustic Sessions\". In June 2013, Tesla released a new single \"Taste My Pain\" on iTunes. They released their new album \"Simplicity\" on June 6, 2014. In 2016, the band did a tour with Def Leppard and REO Speedwagon. On August 26, 2016, Tesla released \"Mechanical Resonance Live\" in celebration of the album's 30th anniversary. It included a new single \"Save That Goodness\", written and produced by Phil Collen of Def Leppard. Tesla is currently working on a new album, \"Shock\",","title":"Tesla (band)"},{"docid":"20684084","text":"The Lost Session The Lost Session is an EP by British rock band Def Leppard. It was released on 19 January 2018 and is exclusive to iTunes Store and Apple Music services. \"The Lost Session\" was recorded in 2006 specifically for the iTunes Store, but the long running dispute between Def Leppard and Universal Records over digital royalties that ended in early 2018 prevented it and everything else in Leppard's catalog from being released digitally. Lead singer Joe Elliott said in an interview, \"The Lost Session (is) from about ten years ago and we just couldn't remember where we did","title":"The Lost Session"},{"docid":"10460997","text":"Two Steps Behind \"Two Steps Behind\" is a 1993 song by English hard rock band Def Leppard from their album \"Retro Active\" and \"Last Action Hero\" Soundtrack. It reached #5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and #12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Though the band did manage to chart a few more songs in the following years, this is generally considered to be the band's last major hit in the US. In the 1993 \"Metal Edge\" Readers' Choice Awards, the song was voted \"Song of the Year\" and \"Best Song From a Movie Soundtrack.\". Def Leppard have","title":"Two Steps Behind"},{"docid":"7395427","text":"Turnaround Tour; 8-9, 11-13, 15-16 February, 11, 14 May 2005 for The No 1's Tour; 11-12, 15-16; 18-19 April 2006 for Face to Face Tour; and 19-21, 23-24, 26-28 April, 2-3 May 2007 for The Love Tour with a total of whopping 73 shows. On 19 June 1992, Def Leppard began their Seven Day Weekend Tour of Europe in the Point Depot. The show was the first time Def Leppard had brought their \"in the round\" stage show outside the United States and Canada. The stage was set in the middle of the arena and featured a revolving drum kit","title":"Point Theatre"},{"docid":"7329853","text":"Man\" and went on to sell 4 million albums worldwide. In 1996, the band released its sixth studio album, \"Slang\"; while successful, the album could not reach the precedent set by Def Leppard's previous albums and was certified gold in the United States. After three years, Def Leppard released \"Euphoria\", which is the band's last certified album by the RIAA, CRIA, and BPI. At the start of the 21st century, the band released \"X\". Four years later, Def Leppard released the studio/cover album, \"Yeah!\", which included covers by Thin Lizzy and The Kinks. On 25 April 2008, the band released","title":"Def Leppard discography"},{"docid":"7333521","text":"to produce the desired sound until two and a half painstaking years later. Due to its early beginnings, it was the only \"Hysteria\" track demoed by Rick Allen on an acoustic drum kit prior to his car accident, Allen having recorded a drum beat for the song onto a four track tape during early sessions. However, the effort paid off when \"Animal\" was released as the lead single off the album in July 1987. In the UK, where the band was all but ignored during the \"Pyromania\" era, the song hit #6 on the singles chart and broke Def Leppard","title":"Animal (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"7333360","text":"advertisements for Sony high definition televisions with a number of different themes being used for the adverts. In addition the song has been heard at the beginning and end of advert breaks surrounding the coverage of Formula One events on ITV in the UK in 2008, since Sony assumed the role as the sports main sponsor on the channel. It replaced Iron Maiden's \"Can I Play with Madness\" after the first 4 rounds of the network's coverage. It was used by professional wrestler Flyin' Brian Pillman as his theme music, when he came to NWA/WCW in 1989. Rocket (Def Leppard","title":"Rocket (Def Leppard song)"},{"docid":"7707320","text":"introduced by Mutt Lange, who is of German descent. According to the official Def Leppard , As the song's melody begins, Elliott speaks the lines, \"All right/I've got something to say/It's better to burn out/Than to fade away\"; the second two lines are a reference to Neil Young's song \"Hey Hey, My My (Out of the Blue)\". Def Leppard's four-line version was quoted in the 1986 movie \"Highlander\" by the film's villain, the Kurgan. Young's line would later become immortalized in rock history when it was used in the suicide note of grunge pioneer Kurt Cobain. During the guitar solo,","title":"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1963793\",\n \"text\": \"worldwide media coverage surrounding it. It is also the last album to feature guitarist Steve Clark before his death, although songs co-written by him would appear on the band's next album, \\\"Adrenalize\\\". The album is the follow-up to the band's 1983 breakthrough \\\"Pyromania\\\". \\\"Hysteria\\\"s creation took over three years and was plagued by delays, including the aftermath of drummer Rick Allen’s accident that cost him his left arm on New year’s eve of 31 December, 1984. Subsequent to the album's release, Def Leppard published a book entitled \\\"Animal Instinct: The Def Leppard Story\\\", written by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine Senior Editor\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria (Def Leppard album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5160463\",\n \"text\": \"Frank Noon Frank Noon is a British drummer who played with the bands Def Leppard and Roadhouse with guitarist Pete Willis. He was preceded in Def Leppard by original drummer Tony Kenning and succeeded by current drummer Rick Allen. He was succeeded in Roadhouse by drummer Trevor Brewis. Frank Noon was a member of the trio The Next Band before, during, and after the time he was in Def Leppard, and played on The Next Band's \\\"Four By Three E.P.\\\". Frank Noon played on Def Leppard's \\\"The Def Leppard E.P.\\\", in 1978. About thirteen years later, Frank Noon played in\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Noon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9872428\",\n \"text\": \"Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story is a 2001 made-for-television movie about the English hard rock/heavy metal band Def Leppard. The film premiered on July 18, 2001 and is available on DVD in the US. The film revolves around the humble beginnings of the band, their rise to stardom, Pete Willis' struggle with the bottle and eventual firing, drummer Rick Allen's car accident, Steve Clark's battle with alcoholism and the making of their most successful album to date, \\\"Hysteria\\\". The story does not represent the reality about the accident. Rick and Miriam did not\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3992055\",\n \"text\": \"Johnny Kalendar Band. When Allen was 14, his mother replied on his behalf to an advertisement placed by a band called \\\"Def Leppard\\\" looking for a drummer to replace Tony Kenning (\\\"Leppard loses skins\\\" was the advertisement's headline). He later joined the band on 1 November 1978, which was his 15th birthday. In 1979, he dropped out of school (other band members left their jobs around the same time) to concentrate on a career in music. In September 1979, they opened for Sammy Hagar at London's Hammersmith Odeon. Subsequently, Def Leppard played shows as a support act for AC/DC during\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Allen (drummer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10434315\",\n \"text\": \"Jeff Rich Jeff Rich (born 8 June 1953, Hackney, London) is an English rock drummer, best known as a former drummer for the English rock band Status Quo. He attended school in Hackney at Upton House Comprehensive, and whilst there he appeared in the opera \\\"Tosca\\\" at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. He helped out Def Leppard in August 1986 and played alongside Rick Allen who had lost his left arm in a car accident in December 1984. However, during Def Leppard's warm-up mini tour of Ireland, Rich missed a gig, and the rest of the band realised Allen\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Rich\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17162325\",\n \"text\": \"Marc Danzeisen Marc Stewart Danzeisen (born in Riverside, CA, January 17, 1961) is an American drummer and musician. He is best known for his work with Riverdogs, Gilby Clarke, Little Caesar, his contributions to Def Leppard, and his appearance in the 1995 film, \\\"The Brady Bunch Movie\\\". In 1990, Danzeisen joined the Epic-associated band Riverdogs. The band featured guitarist Vivian Campbell of Dio and Whitesnake fame. While the album did receive critical acclaim, the band never got the push due to internal issues and ‘restructuring’ at the label. Vivian Campbell left the band to join Def Leppard. Danzeisen left the\",\n \"title\": \"Marc Danzeisen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7329851\",\n \"text\": \"Def Leppard discography The English hard rock band Def Leppard have released 11 original studio albums, two live albums, four compilation albums, one cover album, and three extended plays. Def Leppard was formed in 1977 by vocalist Joe Elliott, bass player Rick \\\"Sav\\\" Savage, guitarist Pete Willis, and drummer Tony Kenning. They later released the EP \\\"The Def Leppard E.P.\\\" in 1979. The band signed with Mercury Records and released their debut full-length album \\\"On Through the Night\\\". The band's follow up was \\\"High 'n' Dry\\\", which reached number 26 in the UK and was certified platinum two times in\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard discography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5160465\",\n \"text\": \"Leppard, just recently booking studio time and very recently without a drummer, hired Frank Noon to play. The studio was the only time they had ever played together. In February 2003, Frank Noon joined the reformed Atomic Mass for a photo at the Hallam FM Arena . Frank Noon Frank Noon is a British drummer who played with the bands Def Leppard and Roadhouse with guitarist Pete Willis. He was preceded in Def Leppard by original drummer Tony Kenning and succeeded by current drummer Rick Allen. He was succeeded in Roadhouse by drummer Trevor Brewis. Frank Noon was a member\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Noon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1963792\",\n \"text\": \"Hysteria (Def Leppard album) Hysteria is the fourth studio album by English hard rock band Def Leppard, released on 3 August 1987 through Mercury Records and reissued on 1 January 2000. It is Def Leppard's best-selling album to date, selling over 25 million copies worldwide, including 12 million in the US, and spawning seven hit singles. The album charted at #1 on both the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and the UK Albums Chart. \\\"Hysteria\\\" was produced by Robert John \\\"Mutt\\\" Lange. The title of the album was thought up by drummer Rick Allen, referring to his 1984 auto accident and the ensuing\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria (Def Leppard album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10422163\",\n \"text\": \"Hysteria World Tour The Hysteria World Tour was a concert tour by English hard rock band Def Leppard for their fourth album \\\"Hysteria\\\". This was the first tour with drummer Rick Allen since his car accident on 31 December 1984 when he lost his left arm. Allen returned to the band for recording sessions and the tour using a custom designed electronic drum set. It was also the last tour to feature guitarist Steve Clark before his death on 8 January 1991 from alcoholism and a combination of prescription drugs and painkillers. Prior to the start of the European leg\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria World Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8894810\",\n \"text\": \"Hysteria (Def Leppard song) \\\"Hysteria\\\" is a love song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard. It is the tenth track on their 1987 album of the same name and was released as the third single from that album in November 1987. On \\\"VH1 Storytellers: Def Leppard\\\", lead singer Joe Elliott revealed that the song title came from drummer Rick Allen. The song features a clean guitar melody and heavily multi-tracked vocals in its chorus. The \\\"extreme\\\" nature of producer Mutt Lange's recording methods is also exampled in the chorus, where the clean guitar chords were recorded one note\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1964585\",\n \"text\": \"also the only Def Leppard album that does not feature their recognisable logo on the album cover. Between the releases of \\\"Retro Active\\\" and \\\"Slang\\\", Def Leppard endured hardships including guitarist Phil Collen's divorce from actress Jacqueline Collen, bassist Rick Savage's battle with Bell's palsy and the death of his father, and the arrests of both drummer Rick Allen and lead singer Joe Elliott for spousal abuse and assault, respectively. Though the band says \\\"Adrenalize\\\" was recorded during a bleaker time, the absence of Mutt Lange (for the first time on a Def Leppard record since 1981) made it possible\",\n \"title\": \"Slang (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10422164\",\n \"text\": \"in March 1988, the band rented the Scandinavium arena in Gothenburg, Sweden for a week of full production rehearsals. Many of the dates on the tour were performed \\\"in the round\\\", with the stage and light-rigging set up in the middle of arenas, giving the audience a 360 degree view of the band's performance. Hysteria World Tour The Hysteria World Tour was a concert tour by English hard rock band Def Leppard for their fourth album \\\"Hysteria\\\". This was the first tour with drummer Rick Allen since his car accident on 31 December 1984 when he lost his left arm.\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria World Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8360897\",\n \"text\": \"and adept, and sometimes they're even very good. But never, not once, are they exciting.\\\" +44's first show took place at the Roxy Theatre in Hollywood on September 7, 2006 with a second appearance following at the London Astoria. The band embarked on a promotional tour of the United Kingdom shortly thereafter. Barker broke a bone in his arm during the band's music video shoot but managed to complete the performances, altering his kit set-up to accommodate. \\\"He is now using his left foot as his right arm, Def Leppard style,\\\" confirmed Hoppus. Doctors advised Barker to rest and not\",\n \"title\": \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5160464\",\n \"text\": \"the band Roadhouse with Pete Willis, who was a member of Def Leppard when Frank performed with them. He played on Roadhouse's demo, but was replaced by drummer Trevor Brewis before the recording of Roadhouse's album. Frank Noon also play drums for various other bands including Lionheart, Wild Fire, Wild Horses (not the same band that Johnny Edwards, Rick Steier and James Kottak were in), Stampede, Waysted, Di'anno, More and Crazy Lesbians. Frank Noon was never an official member of Def Leppard. Although he was asked to join permanently, he declined the offer to stay with The Next Band. Def\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Noon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7333522\",\n \"text\": \"into the pop mainstream across Europe. Over in America, the lead single \\\"Women\\\" performed poorly on the pop charts, which didn't give the band much momentum when \\\"Animal\\\" was released afterwards in October 1987. It did reach a respectable #19, though, starting their run of ten consecutive U. S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Top 40 singles, and is still one of the most popular numbers at Def Leppard concerts today. The single's UK B-side, \\\"Tear It Down\\\", was written during a recording session following the completion of the \\\"Hysteria\\\" album, where the band laid down several tracks intended as B-sides for the \\\"Hysteria\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Animal (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10296655\",\n \"text\": \"BB Steal BB Steal (Beg Borrow Steal) are an heavily Def Leppard-influenced Australian band formed circa 1987. Lead vocalist Craig Csongrady has been the only permanent member. The band originally featured former Boss members lead vocalist Craig Csongrady and guitarist Kevin Pratt, as well as guitarist Warren Mason, bassist Peter Stanton, and drummer Peter Heckenberg. BB Steal featured, during the course of 1991, drummer Craig Rosevear, who later went on to play with the Screaming Jets. A later line-up of the band featured Csongrady, guitarist Shane Grahovac, guitarist Mark Lloyd, bassist Josh Biggs, and drummer Louis Halkias. Def Leppard guitarist\",\n \"title\": \"BB Steal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2569053\",\n \"text\": \"on Friday, June 9, 2018. The title is a play on Def Leppard's 1983 album \\\"Pyromania\\\". \\\"Pyromattia\\\" features songs from that album as well as 1981's \\\"High 'N' Dry\\\", 1987's \\\"Hysteria\\\", and 1999's \\\"Euphoria\\\". In an interview with \\\"Billboard\\\", Nathanson said that Def Leppard singer Joe Elliott liked the album, specifically commenting about his cover of \\\"Stage Fright\\\". In a post on Facebook, Nathanson indicated he was a lifelong Def Leppard fan. In that same post, he also teased a forthcoming album of original material, but gave no details. On October 5, 2018, Nathanson released his tenth studio album, \\\"Sings\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Nathanson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18615318\",\n \"text\": \"Def Leppard World Tour 2015 The Def Leppard World Tour was a tour by British rock band Def Leppard in support of their \\\"self-titled album\\\". The tour started with 13 dates in Canada through April and May. The end of May and beginning of June was spent playing 12 dates in Europe before Def Leppard returned to the United States for 48 dates with Styx and Tesla from June to October. Announcements of the first dates of the tour began in December 2014 when Def Leppard announced a 13 date tour of Canada in the April and May 2015. It\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard World Tour 2015\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1963769\",\n \"text\": \"were made, featuring Phil Collen (who was not in the band at the time of the album's recording). Both bonus tracks were omitted from the US mid-1990s re-releases of the album, although other countries' releases did include them, but returned when Def Leppard and Mercury came to terms in 2018 and the album was put on digital streaming and downloading platforms. High 'n' Dry High 'n' Dry is the second studio album by the English rock band Def Leppard, released on July 11, 1981. \\\"High 'n' Dry\\\" was Pete Willis' last full-time album with Def Leppard. It charted at No.\",\n \"title\": \"High 'n' Dry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491467\",\n \"text\": \"over peers such as The Rolling Stones, AC/DC, and Journey. Following their breakthrough, the band moved to Dublin in February 1984 for tax purposes to begin writing the follow-up to \\\"Pyromania\\\". Mutt Lange initially joined in on the songwriting sessions but then suddenly declined to return as producer due to exhaustion. Instead, Jim Steinman (of Meat Loaf's \\\"Bat Out of Hell\\\" fame) was brought in. On 31 December 1984, drummer Rick Allen lost his left arm in a car crash on the A57 in the hills outside the band's home city of Sheffield. Allen was driving with his Dutch girlfriend,\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10506815\",\n \"text\": \"Now (Def Leppard song) \\\"Now\\\" is a 2002 song by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their \\\"X\\\" album. It peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart. The music video (directed by The Malloys) focuses on a Def Leppard Union Jack T-shirt that finds its way through different owners for nearly two decades. It starts in the year 1983, when a teenage girl purchases the shirt from a music store. One day, as she is sleeping, her younger brother steals the shirt and rides off with his friend to sneak into a neighbour's backyard and use the\",\n \"title\": \"Now (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7908680\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Yeah!\\\" (2006). Best of Def Leppard Best of Def Leppard (or The Best Of) is a compilation album featuring some of Def Leppard's most popular songs. The album charted at No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. \\\"Best Of\\\" supplements 1995's \\\"Vault\\\" as the definitive collection of Def Leppard's work. In fact, \\\"Best of Disc 1\\\" is essentially Vault with the addition of \\\"Long Long Way to Go.\\\" A 2-CD limited edition was released in a slipcase with more obscure fan-favourite album cuts on the second disc, including tracks from more recent albums. In the UK, a cover of The\",\n \"title\": \"Best of Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7908677\",\n \"text\": \"Best of Def Leppard Best of Def Leppard (or The Best Of) is a compilation album featuring some of Def Leppard's most popular songs. The album charted at No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. \\\"Best Of\\\" supplements 1995's \\\"Vault\\\" as the definitive collection of Def Leppard's work. In fact, \\\"Best of Disc 1\\\" is essentially Vault with the addition of \\\"Long Long Way to Go.\\\" A 2-CD limited edition was released in a slipcase with more obscure fan-favourite album cuts on the second disc, including tracks from more recent albums. In the UK, a cover of The Kinks' \\\"Waterloo\",\n \"title\": \"Best of Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10422237\",\n \"text\": \"and loads of backing vocals\\\" and said that \\\"live, this song has always been a favourite with fans\\\". The single cover features the Def Leppard logo (the 1995 variation) but \\\"Slang\\\" did not feature the logo in any variation. The music video was directed by Nigel Dick. Recorded on Occidental Studios, Los Angeles in April 1996. The video was released in May 1996. An additional \\\"Director's Cut\\\" video was released in October 2004, included on the \\\"Best of the Videos\\\" DVD. Slang (Def Leppard song) \\\"Slang\\\" is a 1996 song by the English rock band Def Leppard from their gold\",\n \"title\": \"Slang (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15802611\",\n \"text\": \"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard \\\"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard\\\" is an episode of the CMT television show \\\"CMT Crossroads\\\". The episode features performances by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and English hard rock band Def Leppard. The performance was taped on October 6, 2008, and made its television premiere on November 7, 2008, and was released on June 16, 2009 on DVD exclusively to Walmart stores in the United States by Big Machine Records. The program featured songs by both Swift and Def Leppard as well as interview segments. When the program was released on DVD it contained additional interviews\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491468\",\n \"text\": \"Miriam Barendsen, when his Corvette swerved off the road on a sharp bend and went through a drystone wall. Despite the severity of the accident, Allen was committed to continuing his role as Def Leppard's drummer, and realised that he could use his legs to do some of the drumming work previously done with his arms. He then worked with Simmons to design a custom electronic drum kit. The other members of the band supported Allen's recovery and never sought a replacement. Allen was placed in a separate studio to practice his new drums. After a few months, Allen gathered\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9872429\",\n \"text\": \"take any drugs before it happened. They were driving on a sunny morning just after breakfast, and Rick was showing his girlfriend Miriam the beautiful nature around Sheffield. Other historical errors in the movie included The following Def Leppard tracks are featured in the movie. Some songs include newly added lead vocals or drums (recorded by session musicians), most notably during scenes in the recording studio. The movie also includes an entirely re-recorded version of the early Def Leppard song \\\"Getcha Rocks Off\\\", which was recorded without involvement of any Def Leppard members. Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story Hysteria\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8894811\",\n \"text\": \"at a time as opposed to the traditional method of strumming them, in effect \\\"building\\\" a chord by recording the notes that make them up. The melody was also derived from Pink Floyd's \\\"Goodbye Blue Sky\\\". An acoustic rendition of the song was performed by Elliott and guitarist Phil Collen on the \\\"Hysteria\\\" edition of VH1's \\\"Classic Albums\\\". Hysteria (Def Leppard song) \\\"Hysteria\\\" is a love song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard. It is the tenth track on their 1987 album of the same name and was released as the third single from that album in November\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3335261\",\n \"text\": \"X (Def Leppard album) X (pronounced \\\"ten\\\") is the eighth studio album by English rock band Def Leppard, released on 30 July 2002 by Island Records in the US and sister label Mercury worldwide. Much like 1996's \\\"Slang\\\", it featured another departure from their signature sound by moving into the pop genre. The album charted at No. 11 on The Billboard 200 and No. 14 on the UK Albums Chart. Most of the album was produced by Pete Woodroffe and the band, with remaining tracks produced by either Marti Frederiksen or Per Aldeheim and Andreas Carlsson. This is the first\",\n \"title\": \"X (Def Leppard album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3027663\",\n \"text\": \"stretched from May 1999 to September 2000. Upon the album's ten-year anniversary in June 2009, The Record Review noted that \\\"the band has yet to match it with any release since (despite the stiff competition of 2002's \\\"X\\\") and it still stands between leaders \\\"Hysteria\\\" and \\\"Pyromania\\\" as the band's best album.\\\" Euphoria (Def Leppard album) Euphoria is the seventh studio album by English rock band Def Leppard, released on 8 June 1999 in the United States and on 14 June 1999 in the United Kingdom by Mercury Records. The album aimed to return to their signature sound made famous\",\n \"title\": \"Euphoria (Def Leppard album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8735522\",\n \"text\": \"arm, Def Leppard style,\\\" confirmed Hoppus. A doctor informed Barker he had broken a bone in his arm during the band's video shoot and was instructed to immediately rest and not take part in the band's upcoming live dates, including early 2007 jaunts to Australia and Europe. Barker nevertheless took part, but after an excruciating Amsterdam gig, the band drafted Gil Sharone, then of The Dillinger Escape Plan, to fill-in for him. All lyrics written by Mark Hoppus, all music composed by +44. When Your Heart Stops Beating (song) \\\"When Your Heart Stops Beating\\\" is a song by American rock\",\n \"title\": \"When Your Heart Stops Beating (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17162328\",\n \"text\": \"vocals on the Tom Petty song “American Girl” from the Def Leppard cover songs CD “Yeah” released through the Walmart chain from 2006. Danzeisen also sang backgrounds on the Def Leppard album \\\"Songs From The Sparkle Lounge\\\" in 2008. In 1995, writer, producer, and guitarist Dave Darling (producer of Brian Setzer, mixer of John Waite's ‘Rough & Tumble’ album and many other artists) asked Danzeisen to sing backgrounds, and later to assemble a band for \\\"The Brady Bunch Movie\\\" soundtrack. Danzeisen was the drummer, Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. (Jellyfish) played keyboards, Sheldon Strickland bass, Eric Dover (Jellyfish) guitar, and Dave\",\n \"title\": \"Marc Danzeisen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491512\",\n \"text\": \"Clock and the Riverdogs, and recorded a solo album, \\\"Two Sides of If\\\", released in 2005. Campbell toured with Thin Lizzy in early 2011 before joining Def Leppard on their latest tour. Collen sings lead vocals and plays guitar in a side band called Man Raze with Sex Pistols drummer Paul Cook and former Girl bandmate Simon Laffy. They released their debut album \\\"Surreal\\\" in 2008 and a second album, \\\"PunkFunkRootsRock\\\", in 2008. Joe Elliott founded and fronts the band Down 'n' Outz with members of The Quireboys. The band plays covers of Mott the Hoople and related artists such\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14660299\",\n \"text\": \"Down 'n' Outz Down 'n' Outz are an English band featuring members from Def Leppard, The Quireboys, and Raw Glory. The group covers bands and artists related to Mott the Hoople including Mott, British Lions, and Ian Hunter. Their debut album, \\\"My ReGeneration\\\", was released in 2010, and was followed by a DVD release of the band's show at Hammersmith Odeon. The band's second studio album, \\\"The Further Adventures Of...\\\" was released in April 2014. The band was formed by Joe Elliott from Def Leppard, London rock drummer Phil Martini, Ronnie Garrity from Raw Glory, and Paul Guerin, Guy Griffin,\",\n \"title\": \"Down 'n' Outz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7351816\",\n \"text\": \"The Def Leppard E.P. The Def Leppard E.P. is the debut EP by British rock band Def Leppard. The EP was recorded at Fairview Studios in Hull, in November 1978 and self-produced by the band. The EP's cover is a parody of the painting \\\"His Master's Voice\\\", with a leopard in place of the painting's dog, Nipper. The record was first released with the code SRT CUS 232 and a red label by the band's own company Bludgeon-Riffola. One hundred copies included lyric sheet inserts that vocalist Joe Elliott had photocopied during his lunch-break at work. Additionally, he and his\",\n \"title\": \"The Def Leppard E.P.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491456\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Retro Active\\\", contained the acoustic hit song \\\"Two Steps Behind\\\". Their greatest-hits album \\\"\\\", released in 1995, featured the UK hit \\\"When Love & Hate Collide\\\". As one of the world's best-selling music artists, Def Leppard have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, and have two albums with RIAA diamond certification, \\\"Pyromania\\\" and \\\"Hysteria\\\". They are one of only five rock bands with two original studio albums selling over 10 million copies in the U.S. The band were ranked No. 31 in VH1's \\\"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\\\" and ranked No. 70 in \\\"100 Greatest Artists of\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491505\",\n \"text\": \"as the catalyst for the 1980s pop-metal movement. Def Leppard, however, expressed their dislike of the \\\"glam metal\\\" label, as they thought it did not accurately describe their look or musical style. By the release of the \\\"Hysteria\\\" album, the band had developed a distinctive sound featuring electronic drums and effects-laden guitar sounds overlaid with a multi-layered wall of husky, harmonised vocals. Def Leppard have been cited as an influence by a wide range of musical acts, from heavy metal and thrash metal bands such as Slayer, Pantera, and Metallica as part of the new wave of British heavy metal\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3335262\",\n \"text\": \"Def Leppard album in which drummer Rick Allen actively took part in song-writing. On all of the band's prior albums, he is only credited with helping co-write 3 tracks. On this album alone, he co-wrote 11. The album features the Roman numeral 'X', recognising it as their tenth album release, although the album is in fact only their eighth collection of all-new studio material. The other two albums released by the band prior to the release of \\\"X\\\", \\\"Retro Active\\\" and \\\"\\\", were a rerecording of B-sides and rarities and a greatest hits set respectively. The album peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"X (Def Leppard album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491459\",\n \"text\": \"to recording sessions for what would be a three-song release known as \\\"The Def Leppard E.P.\\\", Kenning abruptly left the band; he would later form the band Cairo. He was replaced for those sessions by Frank Noon. By the end of the month, Rick Allen, then only 15 years old, had joined the band as its full-time drummer. Sales of the EP soared after the track \\\"Getcha Rocks Off\\\" was given extensive airtime by renowned BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel, considered at the time to be a champion of punk rock and new wave music. Throughout 1979, the band\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20684085\",\n \"text\": \"it, why we did it. We re-recorded \\\"When Love & Hate Collide\\\". Which is actually better than the album version I think.\\\" The Lost Session The Lost Session is an EP by British rock band Def Leppard. It was released on 19 January 2018 and is exclusive to iTunes Store and Apple Music services. \\\"The Lost Session\\\" was recorded in 2006 specifically for the iTunes Store, but the long running dispute between Def Leppard and Universal Records over digital royalties that ended in early 2018 prevented it and everything else in Leppard's catalog from being released digitally. Lead singer Joe\",\n \"title\": \"The Lost Session\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8906619\",\n \"text\": \"that has been performed live on successive tours other than the one directly supporting its parent album. This is also an Enhanced CD-ROM where the Promises music video is recorded. In 2018, singer-songwriter Matt Nathanson included his cover of \\\"Promises\\\" on \\\"Pyromattia\\\". The album is composed entirely of Def Leppard covers and features songs from \\\"High 'N' Dry\\\", \\\"Pyromania\\\", \\\"Hysteria\\\", and \\\"Euphoria\\\". Promises (Def Leppard song) \\\"Promises\\\" is a 1999 song by British rock band Def Leppard from their album \\\"Euphoria\\\". It was released as a single later that year and reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Mainstream Rock\",\n \"title\": \"Promises (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6044247\",\n \"text\": \"Love Bites (Def Leppard song) \\\"Love Bites\\\" is a power ballad recorded by the English rock band Def Leppard in 1987 on the album \\\"Hysteria\\\". It is Def Leppard's only number-one single on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 to date. When Robert John \\\"Mutt\\\" Lange originally brought the song to the band's attention, it was a country ballad, which the band thought sounded like nothing they had done before. The band then added power rock elements and emotive backing vocals similar to those used in R&B ballads at the time. The title \\\"Love Bites\\\" was originally used for a very different\",\n \"title\": \"Love Bites (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491469\",\n \"text\": \"the band together and performed the intro to the Led Zeppelin version of \\\"When the Levee Breaks\\\" to showcase his progress to the band. Joe Elliott reports this as being a \\\"very emotional moment.\\\" During this period, Mutt Lange returned as producer. Def Leppard brought in Jeff Rich in August 1986 to play alongside Allen during Def Leppard's warm-up mini tour of Ireland. When the band couldn't fit two drum kits on stage at a gig, he and the band realized Allen could drum alone. Allen's comeback was sealed at the 1986 Monsters of Rock festival in England, with an\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14754640\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hysteria\\\". During recordings of \\\"Angelia\\\", engineer and co-producer David Cole along with Richard Marx tried to copy the sounds of the guitars and drums that Def Leppard and producer \\\"Mutt\\\" Lange had used on the \\\"Hysteria\\\" and \\\"Pyromania\\\" records. During a night out with Def Leppard guitarist Phil Collen, Richard Marx was told that Def Leppard attempted to emulate Angelia for a song that was to appear on the next Def Leppard album, \\\"Adrenalize\\\". The song Def Leppard recorded with \\\"Angelia\\\" in mind was likely the hit \\\"Have You Ever Needed Someone So Bad\\\". The production and sound of the\",\n \"title\": \"Angelia (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4506602\",\n \"text\": \"the firm by the time his band Def Leppard was signed to a professional record deal with Phonogram Records. Before joining Def Leppard in 1978, Clark played cover songs with his small band, \\\"Electric Chicken\\\", in Sheffield. Around that time, he met Pete Willis (Def Leppard's original guitarist and founder) at a technical college. Willis spotted Clark reading a guitar book and asked if he played. He then invited Steve to come and audition for his band, as they were looking to add a second guitarist. Clark never showed up, but when Willis and singer Joe Elliott bumped into Clark\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15802612\",\n \"text\": \"and three bonus songs not featured in the original program. Bonus performances included on the DVD: Taylor Swift and Def Leppard \\\"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard\\\" is an episode of the CMT television show \\\"CMT Crossroads\\\". The episode features performances by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and English hard rock band Def Leppard. The performance was taped on October 6, 2008, and made its television premiere on November 7, 2008, and was released on June 16, 2009 on DVD exclusively to Walmart stores in the United States by Big Machine Records. The program featured songs by both Swift and Def Leppard\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491493\",\n \"text\": \"through 13 April 2013. The residency, referred to as Viva! Hysteria, featured a two part show, with the first half featuring Def Leppard opening for themselves, under the alias \\\"Ded Flatbird\\\", (jokingly called the best Def Leppard cover band in the world), when they would then play songs they very rarely play live, going all the way back to \\\"Good Morning Freedom\\\", a b-side from the single \\\"Hello America\\\" released in February 1980, an era usually left untouched by the band. The opening set varied each night, from playing the best hits from albums like \\\"On Through the Night\\\", \\\"Slang\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7949252\",\n \"text\": \"Rejects then performed Def Leppard's \\\"Photograph\\\". During the performance, drummer Chris Gaylor wore nothing but British flag shorts - a reference to what Leppard drummer Rick Allen wore in some of the band's old music videos. After Def Leppard's biography they took the stage and performed \\\"Rock of Ages,\\\" a long version of \\\"Rocket\\\" with a guitar solo, then continued to play a T.Rex cover off their newest album, \\\"Yeah!\\\", \\\"20th Century Boy.\\\" For this performance, Joe Elliott invited Brian May to join the band. A supergroup was then formed of Rob Zombie, Slash, Gilby Clarke, Scott Ian, Ace Frehley,\",\n \"title\": \"VH1 Rock Honors\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1612497\",\n \"text\": \"in United States on Fox 5 and Fox 5 HD on Wednesday nights with American dubbing. \\\"Banzai\\\" is sometimes mistaken for a Japanese-produced show, such as on Comcast's interactive guide. It is, in reality, a British show. Among the people Mr Shake-Hands Man (sometimes known as Shakey-Hands Man or Mr Shakey-Hand Man), has shaken hands with are: He also shook the hand of Def Leppard drummer Rick Allen. One of the last handshakes was with Jackie Collins and it did not last very long as she forced his hand off hers with her other hand. Mr Shake-Hands Man 2 had\",\n \"title\": \"Banzai (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8791291\",\n \"text\": \"to their 2011 album \\\"Insidious\\\". Photograph (Def Leppard song) \\\"Photograph\\\" is a song performed by English hard rock band Def Leppard and produced by Robert John \\\"Mutt\\\" Lange. It is the lead single from the band's third studio album, \\\"Pyromania\\\" (1983). Their lead vocalist Joe Elliott has described the song as generally about \\\"something you can't ever get your hands on\\\". When released as a single it reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Tracks chart, where it stayed for six weeks, and No. 12 on the Pop Singles chart. In 2006 the song was used in promotional adverts for\",\n \"title\": \"Photograph (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8791287\",\n \"text\": \"Photograph (Def Leppard song) \\\"Photograph\\\" is a song performed by English hard rock band Def Leppard and produced by Robert John \\\"Mutt\\\" Lange. It is the lead single from the band's third studio album, \\\"Pyromania\\\" (1983). Their lead vocalist Joe Elliott has described the song as generally about \\\"something you can't ever get your hands on\\\". When released as a single it reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Tracks chart, where it stayed for six weeks, and No. 12 on the Pop Singles chart. In 2006 the song was used in promotional adverts for the DVD release of \\\"Blades\",\n \"title\": \"Photograph (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7707323\",\n \"text\": \"album Americana. Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song) \\\"Rock of Ages\\\" is a hit song by Def Leppard from their Diamond-selling 1983 album \\\"Pyromania\\\". When issued as a single in the United States, the song reached #16 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and #19 on the Cash Box Top 100. It also hit #1 on the Top Tracks Rock chart. In 2012, the band re-recorded the song, along with \\\"Pour Some Sugar on Me\\\", under the title \\\"Rock of Ages 2012\\\". Both were released digitally on 4 June 2012. The song begins with \\\"Gunter glieben glauten globen\\\", a German-like\",\n \"title\": \"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7707319\",\n \"text\": \"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song) \\\"Rock of Ages\\\" is a hit song by Def Leppard from their Diamond-selling 1983 album \\\"Pyromania\\\". When issued as a single in the United States, the song reached #16 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and #19 on the Cash Box Top 100. It also hit #1 on the Top Tracks Rock chart. In 2012, the band re-recorded the song, along with \\\"Pour Some Sugar on Me\\\", under the title \\\"Rock of Ages 2012\\\". Both were released digitally on 4 June 2012. The song begins with \\\"Gunter glieben glauten globen\\\", a German-like nonsense phrase\",\n \"title\": \"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10422236\",\n \"text\": \"Slang (Def Leppard song) \\\"Slang\\\" is a 1996 song by the English rock band Def Leppard from their gold album \\\"Slang\\\". It reached #17 on the UK Singles Chart. The song is the only one from its parent album to be played after the Slang World Tour of 1996 to 1997, with Def Leppard performing the song most recently during their Viva! Hysteria concert residency of Las Vegas in 2013. In reference to the song, lead singer Elliot said in the album's commentary that \\\"Slang\\\" is \\\"a bit of a throwback to [Def Leppard's] original sound, in other words loads\",\n \"title\": \"Slang (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10506817\",\n \"text\": \"laundry cleaned. As he sleeps while waiting for his laundry, a woman steals the shirt and slips it between her laundry in a cart. The video ends in the year 2002, where a woman (presumably an older version of the teenager from the 1983 scene), buys the shirt from an online auction and then receives it in the mail. Now (Def Leppard song) \\\"Now\\\" is a 2002 song by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their \\\"X\\\" album. It peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart. The music video (directed by The Malloys) focuses on a Def\",\n \"title\": \"Now (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17593403\",\n \"text\": \"California on 12 October. Campbell's former Sweet Savage bandmate Ray Haller filled in for Bain during the band's next performance at Loudpark Festival in Tokyo on 20 October. During 2015, as Campbell fought his battle with Hodgkin's lymphoma and embarked on a 100 date tour with Def Leppard in support of their 2015 self-titled effort, Last in Line did not tour, instead they finished the recording of their debut album \\\"Heavy Crown\\\". They joined Def Leppard on their \\\"Hysteria on the High Seas\\\" concert cruise from 21–25 January 2016, and played a pre-cruise show at Magic City Casino in Miami\",\n \"title\": \"Last in Line\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3335263\",\n \"text\": \"11 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, but did not sell to the standards of their previous releases and failed to earn any RIAA certifications. Nothing from this album had been performed live by the band since the conclusion of its supporting tour until the 'Rock of Ages' tour of 2012 during which the opening track \\\"Now\\\" was performed acoustically. For a short time after the album was released, Def Leppard's website Defleppard.com featured a free mp3 download of \\\"Perfect Girl,\\\" a bonus track and early version of the track \\\"Gravity\\\". X (Def Leppard album) X (pronounced \\\"ten\\\") is the eighth studio\",\n \"title\": \"X (Def Leppard album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8906618\",\n \"text\": \"Promises (Def Leppard song) \\\"Promises\\\" is a 1999 song by British rock band Def Leppard from their album \\\"Euphoria\\\". It was released as a single later that year and reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and No. 38 on the Top 40 Mainstream. The song was also featured on the second discs of their compilations \\\"Best of Def Leppard\\\" and \\\"\\\", released in 2004 and 2005. A live version is featured on their live album \\\"Viva! Hysteria\\\", released in October 2013. It is also one of the few songs from that period of their career\",\n \"title\": \"Promises (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19004205\",\n \"text\": \"Rock Roll of Honours Award for Album of the Year. In August 2015, singer Joe Elliott stated that the album would consist of 14 tracks with a running time of around 55 minutes. Regarding the sound of the album, he explained \\\"It's just called \\\"Def Leppard\\\" because that's what it sounds like. It doesn't sound like any one specific era of Def Leppard. It's got everything. [...] Every single aspect of anything we've ever wanted to put out — acoustic, heavy, soft, slow, fast — it's there. That's why we call it \\\"Def Leppard\\\" because, just like Queen were, we're\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491514\",\n \"text\": \"called Kings of Chaos, whose catalogue consists of songs by Deep Purple, Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses and others. In 2012, Kings of Chaos recorded their version of Deep Purple's classic, \\\"Never Before\\\" featuring Elliott singing lead vocals. Kings of Chaos played Stone Fest in Australia along with a few dates in South America in 2013. Phil Collen formed a blues project by the name of Delta Deep with vocalist Debbi Blackwell Cook which released an eponymous debut in 2015. Def Leppard Def Leppard are an English rock band formed in 1977 in Sheffield as part of the new wave\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10558189\",\n \"text\": \"Alive\\\" as the only song from those sessions to remain hidden. Although Def Leppard has all but disowned \\\"On Through the Night\\\", “Wasted” has nonetheless been played live occasionally on some recent tours (since 1999) to the present – being the only song from that album apart from six performances of “Rock Brigade” in 2005 and 2013 to be performed since the completion of the \\\"Pyromania\\\" tour. UK Vinyl, 7\\\", Single Wasted (Def Leppard song) “Wasted” is a song by British rock band Def Leppard. It is the first single, and seventh track, from their debut album \\\"On Through the\",\n \"title\": \"Wasted (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4506603\",\n \"text\": \"again at a Judas Priest gig, Willis re-issued his invitation. Clark finally came down to their rehearsal room and joined Def Leppard in January 1978. According to Elliott in \\\"Behind the Music\\\", Clark auditioned for Def Leppard by playing all of Lynyrd Skynyrd's \\\"Free Bird\\\" without accompaniment. While a member of Def Leppard, Clark contributed to over 90% of the music. Clark and Pete Willis shared lead-guitar duties, and Clark was nicknamed \\\"The Riffmaster\\\" due to his amazing talent and ability to come up with some of the coolest guitar riffs in modern rock. Toward the end of the Pyromania\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13256336\",\n \"text\": \"to Full moon. In April 2009, Middleton revealed on his MySpace that he planned to release a new album: My new record is ok, but I've just listened to \\\"Hysteria\\\" by Def Leppard and that's much better. I used to hate that album when I was sixteen but now I love it. I wonder when they changed it? Hold on, am I really trying to sell my album by saying it's not as good as Def Leppard? I should work for Saatchi & Saatchi. Anyway. Yes, my new album is called \\\"Waxing Gibbous\\\" and it'll be released on the 1st\",\n \"title\": \"Waxing Gibbous\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8898156\",\n \"text\": \"music video was directed by Nigel Dick in April 1996 at Occidental Studios in Los Angeles, California. The video was released in May 1996. \\\"Work It Out\\\" has not been played live by the band since the Slang World Tour in 1997. This single contains collector's postcards of classic Def Leppard album covers. It contains the \\\"On Through the Night\\\", \\\"High 'n' Dry\\\", \\\"Pyromania\\\" and \\\"Hysteria\\\" postcards, with band members comments on the back. Work It Out (Def Leppard song) \\\"Work It Out\\\" is a 1996 song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard from their gold album \\\"Slang\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Work It Out (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7329854\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Songs from the Sparkle Lounge\\\", which included the single \\\"Nine Lives\\\" featuring country singer Tim McGraw. The band released \\\"Mirrorball\\\", its first live album, in 2011, which would be followed by another live album in 2013, \\\"Viva! Hysteria\\\", featuring the Hysteria album played live in its entirety, from their Las Vegas residency at the Hard Rock Hotel. The band released a self-titled studio album on 30 October 2015. Def Leppard discography The English hard rock band Def Leppard have released 11 original studio albums, two live albums, four compilation albums, one cover album, and three extended plays. Def Leppard was\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard discography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5598627\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Can't Keep Away From the Flame,\\\" a song which has never been released in other regions. It was later released as a B-side on some of the \\\"Slang\\\" singles. Years later it was included on the deluxe edition of \\\"Slang\\\". The following people contributed to \\\"Vault\\\": Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) is the first greatest hits album and the second compilation album by English hard rock band Def Leppard. The album was originally released in the band's home country on 23 October 1995 by Mercury Records. It was released in North America a\",\n \"title\": \"Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5598623\",\n \"text\": \"Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995) is the first greatest hits album and the second compilation album by English hard rock band Def Leppard. The album was originally released in the band's home country on 23 October 1995 by Mercury Records. It was released in North America a few days later by the same label. \\\"Vault\\\" went on to be certified gold in four countries, platinum in three and multi-platinum in two. In the US, the album is currently certified 4× platinum by the RIAA, and in June 2011 it topped the five million\",\n \"title\": \"Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21014821\",\n \"text\": \"announced a European tour in celebration of the induction which followed the December 2018 UK and Ireland tour. Def Leppard European Tour 2019 The Def Leppard European Tour 2019 is a European tour by British rock band Def Leppard. The tour will begin on June 6, 2019 in Sweden at the Sweden Rock Festival in Solvesborg, Sweden and is scheduled to end on July 7, 2019 at Rock Fest Barcelona. Bon Jovi will also be appearing on the Sonderborg, Düsseldorf and Munich shows. Whitesnake will appear at the Milan show. The band is scheduled to be inducted into the Rock\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard European Tour 2019\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21014820\",\n \"text\": \"Def Leppard European Tour 2019 The Def Leppard European Tour 2019 is a European tour by British rock band Def Leppard. The tour will begin on June 6, 2019 in Sweden at the Sweden Rock Festival in Solvesborg, Sweden and is scheduled to end on July 7, 2019 at Rock Fest Barcelona. Bon Jovi will also be appearing on the Sonderborg, Düsseldorf and Munich shows. Whitesnake will appear at the Milan show. The band is scheduled to be inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame on March 29, 2019 in Brooklyn, New York. In late 2018 the band\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard European Tour 2019\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19004204\",\n \"text\": \"Def Leppard (album) Def Leppard is the self-titled eleventh studio album by the British rock band of the same name, released on October 30, 2015. Leppard's first studio album since \\\"Songs from the Sparkle Lounge\\\" (2008) (marking the longest gap between two studio albums in their career) and their first on earMUSIC Records, it became their seventh top ten album after debuting on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 at number 10. The first single \\\"Let's Go\\\" was released 15 September 2015, alongside the artwork and track listing. The album was produced by Ronan McHugh and Def Leppard. It won a 2016 Classic\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491488\",\n \"text\": \"and ZZ Top. In October 2008, Def Leppard played with country star Taylor Swift in a taped show in Nashville, Tennessee, in a show called CMT Crossroads: Taylor Swift and Def Leppard. This was released as a DVD on 16 June 2009 exclusively at Wal-Mart. The release was the best-selling DVD of week, and the 10th best selling Wal-Mart music release. A fan of the band since childhood, Taylor Swift chose Def Leppard to perform together for the show, and their crossover performance of \\\"Photograph\\\" was up for both Performance of the Year and Wide Open Country Video of the\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491487\",\n \"text\": \"which were cancelled during the USA/Canada leg of their world tour due to illnesses affecting Joe Elliott and Phil Collen would be rescheduled and played in August of that year. On 11 June, Def Leppard announced further dates for their 2008 World Tour. The extension saw them visit Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Whitesnake continued to support Def Leppard for their Indian and Japanese dates. Def Leppard toured 41 US cities plus Toronto, Canada, during mid-2009 with Poison and Cheap Trick and also played the Download Festival at Donington Park, England to a sell out crowd of 83,000 with Whitesnake\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17600677\",\n \"text\": \"Crazy Lixx Crazy Lixx is a Swedish glam metal band, formed in Malmö, Sweden in 2002. The group is another band belonging to the Swedish hard rock scene, with influences from bands like Guns N' Roses, Aerosmith, Kiss, Whitesnake, Alice Cooper, Def Leppard and Mötley Crüe. Crazy Lixx was founded in late 2002 by Dirt Child Danny and Vic Zino, in an attempt to bring back 80's-style glam metal. After Joey Cirera was asked to be the drummer, the core of the band was formed. They began playing in establishments like any other band, only in 2007 released their debut\",\n \"title\": \"Crazy Lixx\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4258197\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Day (musician) Paul Mario Day (born 19 April 1956) is a British singer who was the original lead vocalist of Iron Maiden from 1975 to 1976. Day was the first lead singer for Iron Maiden from 1975 to 1976. On the Iron Maiden The Early Days DVD it was mentioned that Day was sacked because he did not have enough stage charisma. He was replaced by Dennis Wilcock. He later formed a band called More that played at the Donington Monsters of Rock Festival in 1981, and also had onetime Iron Maiden guitarist Paul Todd and Def Leppard drummer\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Day (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8898155\",\n \"text\": \"Work It Out (Def Leppard song) \\\"Work It Out\\\" is a 1996 song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard from their gold album \\\"Slang\\\". It was released as a single later that year, reaching number six on the US Mainstream Rock chart and number 22 on the UK Singles Chart. Lead singer Elliot said in the album's commentary that \\\"Work It Out\\\" \\\"was Vivian [Campbell's] first songwriting contribution to the band\\\" and that Elliot \\\"had this opportunity to channel [his] inner Iggy Pop instead of screeching in this high register like [he'd] always done in the past\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"Work It Out (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10558187\",\n \"text\": \"Wasted (Def Leppard song) “Wasted” is a song by British rock band Def Leppard. It is the first single, and seventh track, from their debut album \\\"On Through the Night\\\". The recording featured on the single is a different version from the \\\"On Through the Night\\\" LP. The B-Side on the single is “Hello America”, which is also a different recording from the LP. These alternative, single-only versions of “Wasted” and “Hello America” have never been released on CD, except on bootlegs. The record was produced by Nick Tauber, who the band selected because of his previous clients, particularly Thin\",\n \"title\": \"Wasted (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1963795\",\n \"text\": \"band's interest in creating a bigger, more pristine pop production. Joe Elliott later stated in an interview: \\\"Todd Rundgren produced (Meat Loaf's) \\\"Bat Out of Hell\\\". Jim Steinman wrote it\\\". After parting ways with Steinman following an unsatisfactory recording of \\\"Don't Shoot Shotgun\\\", the band tried to produce the album themselves with Lange's engineer Nigel Green with no success, and initial recording sessions were entirely scrapped. On 31 December 1984, Rick Allen lost his left arm when his Corvette flipped off a country road. Following the accident, the band stood by Allen's decision to return to the drum kit despite\",\n \"title\": \"Hysteria (Def Leppard album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7347408\",\n \"text\": \"London but musical differences ended with Cox leaving the band replaced by former Lautrec frontman, Reuben Archer. Former Judas Priest drummer Les Binks replaced the Wild Horses-bound Noon for the 1981 UK tour with Def Leppard with former Wild Horses drummer Clive Edwards eventually replacing Binks. Archer, too, briefly spent time in Wild Horses before forming Stampede with his step son, guitarist Laurence Archer, Noon, and bassist Colin Bond. The song \\\"Lionheart\\\", recorded by Reuben Archer, Dennis Stratton, Steve Mann, Rocky Newton, and Frank Noon belatedly surfaced on the \\\"Heavy Metal Heroes Vol. 2\\\" (Heavy Metal Records) compilation in 1982.\",\n \"title\": \"Lionheart (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2805393\",\n \"text\": \"Leppard album \\\"Songs from the Sparkle Lounge\\\", having also co-written the first single, \\\"Nine Lives\\\", with Def Leppard band members Joe Elliott, Phil Collen, and Rick Savage. The unusual pairing goes back to 2006 when McGraw joined Def Leppard onstage for the song \\\"Pour Some Sugar On Me\\\", and then collaborated on the song \\\"Nine Lives\\\" afterward. The album was released on April 25, 2008. At the 2007 50th Annual Grammy Awards, McGraw received 5 nominations including Best Country Album (for \\\"Let It Go\\\", Best Country Song (both for \\\"If You're Reading This\\\" and \\\"I Need You\\\"), Best Country Collaboration\",\n \"title\": \"Tim McGraw\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1491510\",\n \"text\": \"Aerosmith. Collen also produced and played on the 1991 album \\\"On The Edge\\\" from Australian band BB Steal. Joe Elliott sang lead vocals on two tracks on Rolling Stones guitarist Ronnie Wood's 1992 solo album, \\\"Slide on This\\\". His then-wife Karla appeared in the videos for \\\"Always Wanted More\\\" and \\\"Somebody Else Might\\\". Various members of Def Leppard have played on tribute records for Jeff Beck, AC/DC and Alice Cooper. A fan of his local football club Sheffield United F.C., Elliott performed on two tracks to the soundtrack of the 1996 Sheffield-set motion picture, \\\"When Saturday Comes\\\" (featuring fellow Sheffield\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9844991\",\n \"text\": \"video then fades to black, showing an \\\"all persons fictitious\\\" disclaimer ending with \\\"...except the drummer from Def Leppard\\\", who is referenced in the bridge. Why's Everybody Always Pickin' on Me? \\\"Why's Everybody Always Pickin' On Me?\\\" is the fifth single off the Bloodhound Gang's 1996 (re-released in 1998) album \\\"One Fierce Beer Coaster\\\". The song samples \\\"Spooky\\\" by Classics IV and \\\"Never Let Me Down Again\\\" by Depeche Mode. The title is borrowed from the classic 1959 song \\\"Charlie Brown\\\" performed by The Coasters, in which a school troublemaker complains about being picked upon when his schemes backfire. The\",\n \"title\": \"Why's Everybody Always Pickin' on Me?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1963768\",\n \"text\": \"High 'n' Dry High 'n' Dry is the second studio album by the English rock band Def Leppard, released on July 11, 1981. \\\"High 'n' Dry\\\" was Pete Willis' last full-time album with Def Leppard. It charted at No. 38 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and No. 26 on the UK Albums Chart. \\\"High 'n' Dry (Saturday Night)\\\", ranked No. 33 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs. Following the success of \\\"Pyromania\\\", the album re-entered in the US chart and reached No. 72 in 1983. \\\"High 'n' Dry\\\" was reissued on 31 May 1984 with two bonus tracks: Videos for both\",\n \"title\": \"High 'n' Dry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10558234\",\n \"text\": \"Desert Song \\\"Desert Song\\\" is a song by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their 1993 rarities and 'B-sides' album \\\"Retro Active\\\". This song was an outtake from the songwriting sessions that produced 1987's \\\"Hysteria\\\". Self-produced, it became one of the last songs to be released by Def Leppard bearing the songwriting and guitar-playing of Steve Clark, who died on 8 January 1991. It was a hit on U.S. rock radio, reaching number twelve on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It was recorded as an instrumental for their album \\\"Hysteria\\\" (1987) but left off the album and was largely\",\n \"title\": \"Desert Song\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18848888\",\n \"text\": \"on & Jake decided to name the company after his late mother to honor her & help spread the word about cancer awareness. Jake & C.R. Alsip Guitars worked hand in hand with Phil Collen (Def Leppard) in 2012 to raise funds for the Gerson Institute. The company has built instruments for, and worked with, acts such as Def Leppard, Tesla, Firehouse, Love & Theft & Saving Abel. Bill Leverty of Firehouse & Frank Hannon of Tesla were the first guitarists to endorse C.R. Alsip guitars and play them on the road when the company opened its doors in 2012.\",\n \"title\": \"C.R. Alsip Guitars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16699513\",\n \"text\": \"as support act on an AC/DC tour. A BBC documentary on the band records their unhappiness with their early managers Pete Martin and Frank Stuart-Brown, following a fist-fight between singer Joe Elliott and Martin. The film quotes Mensch as saying Burnstein told him \\\"I don't care if they have managers...steal them from another set of managers.\\\" The band's drummer Rick Allen recollects that he did approach Mensch, and Mensch signed them to Leber-Krebs. After a disagreement with Leber-Krebs over royalties, Mensch was terminated from that firm and started Q Prime with Cliff Burnstein. Def Leppard was the sole client to\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Mensch\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4910773\",\n \"text\": \"12\\\", and CD-single formats. \\\"More Than I Want\\\" was co-written with drummer Frank Noon, who was replaced in Roadhouse by drummer Trevor Brewis before the band recorded their album. + are non-album bonus tracks. Note: The band's third single, released in 1992 in 12\\\" picture disc, and CD-single formats. + are non-album bonus tracks. According to the band's website, the song \\\"Jackson High\\\" is from a 4 song demo and features drummer Frank Noon. Roadhouse (band) Roadhouse was a British rock band that once included former Def Leppard members guitarist Pete Willis and drummer Frank Noon. According to the band's\",\n \"title\": \"Roadhouse (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19004207\",\n \"text\": \"Def Leppard song. It's that three-minute pop-rock stuff with big chunky guitars and a big chorus. And it has that swaggering, mid-tempo rhythm, like \\\"Pour Some Sugar on Me\\\", and \\\"Rock of Ages\\\".\\\" He described that the band wanted a familiar sounding song to introduce the album, being released several years after their previous album. Joe Elliott, observed \\\"Classic Rock\\\", \\\"is the first to admit that Leppard aren't Bob Dylan. Sometimes they're barely even Bob the Builder. But then that's the beauty of it – if ever a band were cliché-proof, it's Def Leppard. If nothing else, you have to\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3294851\",\n \"text\": \"Fallin' Apart & Breakin' Free. On July 12, 2011 they released a mostly acoustic album titled \\\"Twisted Wires and the Acoustic Sessions\\\". In June 2013, Tesla released a new single \\\"Taste My Pain\\\" on iTunes. They released their new album \\\"Simplicity\\\" on June 6, 2014. In 2016, the band did a tour with Def Leppard and REO Speedwagon. On August 26, 2016, Tesla released \\\"Mechanical Resonance Live\\\" in celebration of the album's 30th anniversary. It included a new single \\\"Save That Goodness\\\", written and produced by Phil Collen of Def Leppard. Tesla is currently working on a new album, \\\"Shock\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Tesla (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20684084\",\n \"text\": \"The Lost Session The Lost Session is an EP by British rock band Def Leppard. It was released on 19 January 2018 and is exclusive to iTunes Store and Apple Music services. \\\"The Lost Session\\\" was recorded in 2006 specifically for the iTunes Store, but the long running dispute between Def Leppard and Universal Records over digital royalties that ended in early 2018 prevented it and everything else in Leppard's catalog from being released digitally. Lead singer Joe Elliott said in an interview, \\\"The Lost Session (is) from about ten years ago and we just couldn't remember where we did\",\n \"title\": \"The Lost Session\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10460997\",\n \"text\": \"Two Steps Behind \\\"Two Steps Behind\\\" is a 1993 song by English hard rock band Def Leppard from their album \\\"Retro Active\\\" and \\\"Last Action Hero\\\" Soundtrack. It reached #5 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and #12 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. Though the band did manage to chart a few more songs in the following years, this is generally considered to be the band's last major hit in the US. In the 1993 \\\"Metal Edge\\\" Readers' Choice Awards, the song was voted \\\"Song of the Year\\\" and \\\"Best Song From a Movie Soundtrack.\\\". Def Leppard have\",\n \"title\": \"Two Steps Behind\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7395427\",\n \"text\": \"Turnaround Tour; 8-9, 11-13, 15-16 February, 11, 14 May 2005 for The No 1's Tour; 11-12, 15-16; 18-19 April 2006 for Face to Face Tour; and 19-21, 23-24, 26-28 April, 2-3 May 2007 for The Love Tour with a total of whopping 73 shows. On 19 June 1992, Def Leppard began their Seven Day Weekend Tour of Europe in the Point Depot. The show was the first time Def Leppard had brought their \\\"in the round\\\" stage show outside the United States and Canada. The stage was set in the middle of the arena and featured a revolving drum kit\",\n \"title\": \"Point Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7329853\",\n \"text\": \"Man\\\" and went on to sell 4 million albums worldwide. In 1996, the band released its sixth studio album, \\\"Slang\\\"; while successful, the album could not reach the precedent set by Def Leppard's previous albums and was certified gold in the United States. After three years, Def Leppard released \\\"Euphoria\\\", which is the band's last certified album by the RIAA, CRIA, and BPI. At the start of the 21st century, the band released \\\"X\\\". Four years later, Def Leppard released the studio/cover album, \\\"Yeah!\\\", which included covers by Thin Lizzy and The Kinks. On 25 April 2008, the band released\",\n \"title\": \"Def Leppard discography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7333521\",\n \"text\": \"to produce the desired sound until two and a half painstaking years later. Due to its early beginnings, it was the only \\\"Hysteria\\\" track demoed by Rick Allen on an acoustic drum kit prior to his car accident, Allen having recorded a drum beat for the song onto a four track tape during early sessions. However, the effort paid off when \\\"Animal\\\" was released as the lead single off the album in July 1987. In the UK, where the band was all but ignored during the \\\"Pyromania\\\" era, the song hit #6 on the singles chart and broke Def Leppard\",\n \"title\": \"Animal (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7333360\",\n \"text\": \"advertisements for Sony high definition televisions with a number of different themes being used for the adverts. In addition the song has been heard at the beginning and end of advert breaks surrounding the coverage of Formula One events on ITV in the UK in 2008, since Sony assumed the role as the sports main sponsor on the channel. It replaced Iron Maiden's \\\"Can I Play with Madness\\\" after the first 4 rounds of the network's coverage. It was used by professional wrestler Flyin' Brian Pillman as his theme music, when he came to NWA/WCW in 1989. Rocket (Def Leppard\",\n \"title\": \"Rocket (Def Leppard song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7707320\",\n \"text\": \"introduced by Mutt Lange, who is of German descent. According to the official Def Leppard , As the song's melody begins, Elliott speaks the lines, \\\"All right/I've got something to say/It's better to burn out/Than to fade away\\\"; the second two lines are a reference to Neil Young's song \\\"Hey Hey, My My (Out of the Blue)\\\". Def Leppard's four-line version was quoted in the 1986 movie \\\"Highlander\\\" by the film's villain, the Kurgan. Young's line would later become immortalized in rock history when it was used in the suicide note of grunge pioneer Kurt Cobain. During the guitar solo,\",\n \"title\": \"Rock of Ages (Def Leppard song)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":80,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"81"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"whose portrait appears on the choir call to the right of the apse of san vitale ravenna"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["East Roman Emperor Justinian I"],"string":"[\n \"East Roman Emperor Justinian I\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"6006684","text":"foot of the apse side walls are two famous mosaic panels, completed in 547. On the right is a mosaic depicting the East Roman Emperor Justinian I, clad in Tyrian purple with a golden halo, standing next to court officials, Bishop Maximian, palatinae guards and deacons. The halo around his head gives him the same aspect as Christ in the dome of the apse, but is part of the tradition of rendering the imperial family with haloes describe by Ernst Kantorowicz in the King's Two Bodies. Justinian himself stands in the middle, with soldiers on his right and clergy on","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"},{"docid":"6006684","text":"foot of the apse side walls are two famous mosaic panels, completed in 547. On the right is a mosaic depicting the East Roman Emperor Justinian I, clad in Tyrian purple with a golden halo, standing next to court officials, Bishop Maximian, palatinae guards and deacons. The halo around his head gives him the same aspect as Christ in the dome of the apse, but is part of the tradition of rendering the imperial family with haloes describe by Ernst Kantorowicz in the King's Two Bodies. Justinian himself stands in the middle, with soldiers on his right and clergy on","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006684\",\n \"text\": \"foot of the apse side walls are two famous mosaic panels, completed in 547. On the right is a mosaic depicting the East Roman Emperor Justinian I, clad in Tyrian purple with a golden halo, standing next to court officials, Bishop Maximian, palatinae guards and deacons. The halo around his head gives him the same aspect as Christ in the dome of the apse, but is part of the tradition of rendering the imperial family with haloes describe by Ernst Kantorowicz in the King's Two Bodies. Justinian himself stands in the middle, with soldiers on his right and clergy on\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006684\",\n \"text\": \"foot of the apse side walls are two famous mosaic panels, completed in 547. On the right is a mosaic depicting the East Roman Emperor Justinian I, clad in Tyrian purple with a golden halo, standing next to court officials, Bishop Maximian, palatinae guards and deacons. The halo around his head gives him the same aspect as Christ in the dome of the apse, but is part of the tradition of rendering the imperial family with haloes describe by Ernst Kantorowicz in the King's Two Bodies. Justinian himself stands in the middle, with soldiers on his right and clergy on\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"716118","text":"in the Basilica of San Vitale were executed shortly after the Byzantine conquest. The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe were made around 549. The anti-Arian theme is obvious in the apse mosaic of San Michele in Affricisco, executed in 545–547 (largely destroyed; the remains in Berlin). The last example of Byzantine mosaics in Ravenna was commissioned by bishop Reparatus between 673–79 in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe. The mosaic panel in the apse showing the bishop with Emperor Constantine IV is obviously an imitation of the Justinian panel in San Vitale. The mosaic pavement of the","title":"Mosaic"},{"docid":"6006676","text":"Basilica of San Vitale The Basilica of San Vitale is a church in Ravenna, Italy, and one of the most important surviving examples of early Christian Byzantine art and architecture in Europe. The Roman Catholic Church has designated the building a \"basilica\", the honorific title bestowed on church buildings of exceptional historic and ecclesial importance, although it is not of architectural basilica form. It is one of eight Ravenna structures inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The church was begun by Bishop Ecclesius in 526, when Ravenna was under the rule of the Ostrogoths and completed by the 27th","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"},{"docid":"20868070","text":"and ivory collection, a large number of icons, ceramics, and ancient armor and weapons. Also on display is the detached 14th-century frescoes, originally from the church of Santa Clara, completed by Pietro da Rimini. National Museum of Ravenna The Museo Nazional di Ravenna or National Museum of Ravenna displays a collection of archeologic, artistic and artisanal objects. It is located in the Benedictine monastery of San Vitale on via San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. The collection, initialy assembled through the efforts of local erudite Camaldolese monks, was established as a museum in 1885, and moved to this site by the early","title":"National Museum of Ravenna"},{"docid":"20868069","text":"National Museum of Ravenna The Museo Nazional di Ravenna or National Museum of Ravenna displays a collection of archeologic, artistic and artisanal objects. It is located in the Benedictine monastery of San Vitale on via San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. The collection, initialy assembled through the efforts of local erudite Camaldolese monks, was established as a museum in 1885, and moved to this site by the early 20th century. It contains a large collection of Ancient Roman artifacts, including lapidary epitaphs and portions from sepulchral monuments. The artifacts date from early Roman through Byzantine in scope. It also displays Renaissance bronzes,","title":"National Museum of Ravenna"},{"docid":"9556325","text":"Vitale da Bologna Vitale da Bologna (c. 1309 – 1360), also known as Vitale di Aymo de' Cavalli or Vitale degli Equi, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He is a representative of the 14th century school of painting in Bologna, his natal city and the place where he was most active. Surviving works in Bologna include a polyptych in the church of San Salvatore (1353) and fresco fragments in the right apsidal chapel of Santa Maria dei Servi. Vitale was also active in Pomposa, where he painted the frescoes in the apse of the Pomposa Abbey, in","title":"Vitale da Bologna"},{"docid":"6006677","text":"Bishop of Ravenna, Maximian, in 547 preceding the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna. The construction of the church was sponsored by Julius Argentarius, a banker and architect, of whom very little is known, except that he also sponsored the construction of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe at around the same time. (A donor portrait of Julius Argentarius may appear among the courtiers on the Justinian mosaic.) The final cost amounted to 26,000 \"solidi\" (gold pieces). It has been suggested that Julian originated in the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire, where there was a long-standing tradition of public benefactions. The","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"},{"docid":"8080392","text":"In December 1903, along with fellow artist Maximilian Lenz, Klimt visited the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna where he studied the early-Christian Byzantine gold mosaics of Justinian I and his wife, Empress Theodora. Lenz later wrote that \"the mosaics made an immense decisive impression on ... [Klimt]. From this comes the resplendence, the stiff decoration of his art\". Klimt later said that the \"mosaics of unbelievable splendour\" were a \"revelation\" to him. The Ravenna mosaics also attracted the attention of other artists who provided illustrations of the work, including Wassily Kandinsky in 1911 and Clive Bell in 1914. Klimt","title":"Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I"},{"docid":"20565997","text":"based on famous buildings in Romagna and Venetia which Bellini had seen on his journey to Romagna and the Marche. The central building resembles the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, whilst others are based on the Ponte di Tiberio in Rimini and the Mausoleum of Theoderic in Ravenna. The marked the start of a new conception of landscape painting, connected to the predella of the Pesaro Altarpiece or the New York \"St. Francis in Ecstasy\", whose figures and background are lighter and whose atmosphere is freer than previous works. St. Jerome in the Desert (Bellini, Florence) St. Jerome in","title":"St. Jerome in the Desert (Bellini, Florence)"},{"docid":"6513661","text":"category, as it has no projecting 'arms' or transepts, only a single apse on three sides, and a triple apse to the 'east' (the church is not aligned to the compass points). The triple apse would not appear to have been mirrored to the 'west' where the entrance was and is to be found, subsequent alteration has made it impossible to determine whether there was originally a narthex. The church is also architecturally quite distinct from the Palatine chapel in Aachen, and from S. Vitale in Ravenna – two buildings upon which it is often claimed that SS.Geneviève & Germain","title":"Germigny-des-Prés"},{"docid":"20984595","text":"vault began to appear, particularly in churches in Normandy and Paris, introducing the transition to the Gothic style. At the beginning of the eleventh century, inspired by the appearance of the style in northern Italy, Romanesque architecture spread west across southern France as far as Catalonia and Spain, and then north up the valley of the Rhone River. In the early Romanesque period, churches followed the traditional form of a Roman basilica, particularly the plan of the Byzantine Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. They had a single long nave, usually without a transept, which ended in a hemispherical apse.","title":"French Romanesque architecture"},{"docid":"6006682","text":"covered with a profusion of flowers, stars, birds and animals, including many peacocks. Above the arch, on both sides, two angels hold a disc and beside them a representation of the cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem. They symbolize the human race (Jerusalem representing the Jews, and Bethlehem the Gentiles). All these mosaics are executed in the Hellenistic-Roman tradition: lively and imaginative, with rich colors and a certain perspective, and with a vivid depiction of the landscape, plants and birds. They were finished when Ravenna was still under Gothic rule. The apse is flanked by two chapels, the \"prothesis\" and the","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"},{"docid":"12470125","text":"shown communicating with each other in some way. Although none have survived, there is literary evidence of donor portraits in small chapels from the Early Christian period, probably continuing the traditions of pagan temples. The 6th-century mosaic panels in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna of the Emperor Justinian I and Empress Theodora with courtiers are not of the type showing the ruler receiving divine approval, but each show one of the imperial couple standing confidently with a group of attendants, looking out at the viewer. Their scale and composition are alone among large-scale survivals. Also in Ravenna, there","title":"Donor portrait"},{"docid":"18315179","text":"is the removal of the exterior forepart and ravelin. Porta San Vitale, Bologna Porta San Vitale, sometimes known as Porta per Ravenna, was an eastern portal of the former outer medieval walls of the city of Bologna, Italy. It is located on a piazza of the same name, immediately west of the intersection of Via San Vitale with the Viale di Ciconvallazione. First erected in 1286, with an adjacent barracks and a tower. The tower was demolished in the early 16th century. Formerly the gate had a moat and ravelin on the exterior side. At the end of 18th century","title":"Porta San Vitale, Bologna"},{"docid":"18315178","text":"Porta San Vitale, Bologna Porta San Vitale, sometimes known as Porta per Ravenna, was an eastern portal of the former outer medieval walls of the city of Bologna, Italy. It is located on a piazza of the same name, immediately west of the intersection of Via San Vitale with the Viale di Ciconvallazione. First erected in 1286, with an adjacent barracks and a tower. The tower was demolished in the early 16th century. Formerly the gate had a moat and ravelin on the exterior side. At the end of 18th century the drawbridge was demolished. Between 1950 and 1952, that","title":"Porta San Vitale, Bologna"},{"docid":"17075486","text":"Roman art in this episode. He travels to Libya and discovers how late-Roman art took an African turn in the ancient city of Leptis Magna. He explores the , Roman emperor in AD 193, and the \"Villa Selene\". Other important artworks featured in this episode are the \"Portrait of Artemidorus\", the Mildenhall Dish, the Portland Vase and the Lycurgus Cup in the British Museum, the Roman Baths in Bath, the Portonaccio sarcophagus in Rome, the Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs in Venice, the famous mosaics of Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Treasures of","title":"Treasures of Ancient Rome"},{"docid":"1694740","text":"the first 12 items to be listed on the UNESCO list of world heritage sites. The cathedral uses two distinct architectural styles, with small portions of a third, First, the core of the cathedral is the Carolingian-Romanesque Palatine Chapel, which was modeled after San Vitale at Ravenna and is notably small in comparison to the later additions. Secondly, the choir was constructed in the Gothic style. Finally, there are portions that show Ottonian style, such as the area around the throne. The octagon in the centre of the Cathedral was erected as the chapel of the Palace of Aachen between","title":"Aachen Cathedral"},{"docid":"716117","text":"of the Arian Baptistry, Baptistry of Neon, Archbishop's Chapel, and the earlier phase mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo testify. After 539 Ravenna was reconquered by the Romans in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and became the seat of the Exarchate of Ravenna. The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century. Outstanding examples of Byzantine mosaic art are the later phase mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo. The mosaic depicting Emperor Saint Justinian I and Empress Theodora","title":"Mosaic"},{"docid":"482412","text":"as Theoderic had been. Meanwhile, the orthodox Christian Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, opposed both Ostrogoth rule and the Arian variety of Christianity. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. After the conquest of Italy was completed in 554, Ravenna became the seat of Byzantine government in Italy. From 540 to 600, Ravenna's bishops embarked upon a notable building program of churches in Ravenna and in and around the port city of Classe. Surviving monuments include the Basilica of San Vitale and the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe, as well as the partially surviving San Michele","title":"Ravenna"},{"docid":"6006686","text":"This placement can be seen through the overlapping feet of the individuals present in the mosaic. Another panel shows Empress Theodora solemn and formal, with golden halo, crown and jewels, and a group of court women as well as eunuchs. The Empress holds the Eucharistic vessel for wine, and her panel differs from that of Justinian in having a more complex background, with a fountain, cupola, and lavish hangings. Basilica of San Vitale The Basilica of San Vitale is a church in Ravenna, Italy, and one of the most important surviving examples of early Christian Byzantine art and architecture in","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"},{"docid":"14846665","text":"Ursicinus (Bishop of Ravenna) Ursicinus is a saint of the Catholic Church and was Bishop of Ravenna from 533 to 536. He is not to be confused with the 1st-century saint Ursicinus of Ravenna. Ursicinus' predecessor was bishop Ecclesius of Ravenna (522–532). Maybe Ursicinus didn't follow him directly (sede vacante). Ursicinus was a mandans (juridical client) for the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe. This is based on an inscription in the narthex of this church, handed down by the church historian Andreas Agnellus in the 9th century: His cemetery lies in the Basilica of San Vitale, in the chapel of","title":"Ursicinus (Bishop of Ravenna)"},{"docid":"482418","text":"part of the new unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861. During World War II, troops of the British 27th Lancers entered and occupied Ravenna on 5 December 1944. The town suffered very little damage. Eight early Christian monuments of Ravenna are inscribed on the World Heritage List. These are Other attractions include: The city annually hosts the Ravenna Festival, one of Italy's prominent classical music gatherings. Opera performances are held at the Teatro Alighieri while concerts take place at the Palazzo Mauro de André as well as in the ancient Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe.","title":"Ravenna"},{"docid":"1082190","text":"Antique mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale, the tile depicts Roman Emperor Justinian I with Maximianus, Bishop of Ravenna. The tile is displayed at the city hall. Ravenna is located near the center of Estill County at (37.685772, −83.951399), in the valley of the Kentucky River. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of Irvine, the county seat. Kentucky Route 52 passes through Ravenna as Main Street and Third Street, leading east and southeast to Beattyville, and leading west to Richmond. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ravenna has a total area of , all of","title":"Ravenna, Kentucky"},{"docid":"6006683","text":"\"diaconicon\", typical for Byzantine architecture. Inside, the intrados of the great triumphal arch is decorated with fifteen mosaic medallions, depicting Jesus Christ, the twelve Apostles and Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius, the sons of Saint Vitale. The theophany was begun in 525 under bishop Ecclesius. It has a great gold fascia with twining flowers, birds, and horns of plenty. Jesus Christ appears, seated on a blue globe in the summit of the vault, robed in purple, with his right hand offering the martyr's crown to Saint Vitale. On the left, Bishop Ecclesius offers a model of the church. At the","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"},{"docid":"13813174","text":"last time in 1308, although the still-impressive ruins of the Great Palace remained in place until the end of the Byzantine Empire. Despite its prominence and frequent mention in Byzantine texts, no full description of it is ever given. From the fragmented literary evidence, the hall appears to have been of octagonal shape crowned by a dome, paralleling other 6th-century buildings like the Church of Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. The roof was supported by 8 arches, which formed \"kamarai\" (apses or niches), and pierced by 16 windows. The shape and general","title":"Chrysotriklinos"},{"docid":"10626852","text":"Pieve di San Giorgio The Pieve di San Giorgio is a church in the \"comune\" of Argenta, northern Italy. It is the most ancient church in the province of Ferrara and one of the most ancient ones in Emilia-Romagna region. Located on the right bank of the Reno River, it was founded in 569 by the archbishop of Ravenna. It had originally a nave and two aisles, with a pentagonal apse; today it has only the nave. Much of the original church is now 2 metres under the ground level. The interior houses a Byzantine altar and traces of 12th","title":"Pieve di San Giorgio"},{"docid":"3109863","text":"Justinian also built a number of churches and fortifications outside of the imperial capital, including Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt, Basilica of Saint Sofia in Sofia and the Basilica of St. John in Ephesus. Several major churches of this period were built in the provinces by local bishops in imitation of the new Constantinopolitan foundations. The Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, was built by Bishop Maximianus. The decoration of San Vitale includes important mosaics of Justinian and his empress, Theodora, although neither ever visited the church. Also of note is the Euphrasian Basilica in Poreč. Archeological","title":"Byzantine art"},{"docid":"5960539","text":"cemetery, and quite possibly on top of a pre-existing pagan one, as some of the ancient tombstones were re-used in its construction. Sant'Apollinare in Classe was consecrated on May 9, 549 by Bishop Maximian and dedicated to Saint Apollinaris, first bishop of Ravenna and Classe. The Basilica is thus contemporary with the Basilica of San Vitale of Ravenna. In 856, the relics of Saint Apollinaris were transferred from the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe to the Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna. The exterior has a large façade with two simple uprights and one mullioned window with three openings.","title":"Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe"},{"docid":"19441614","text":"the archbishop Farsetti. In 1731-1732, he worked on the restoration of the cappella Sancta Sanctorum in Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. The baroque decorations were removed in the 1904 refurbishment. During 1734 to 1745, he worked on the reconstruction of the Duomo di Ravenna. This work gained him nomination by Farsetti as knight in the Order of the Golden Spur. Buonamici also worked (1721) in the San Francesco Saverio in Rimini. He also made designs in 1738 for churches in Santarcangelo di Romagna. In 1740, he designed a town tower for Fano. He was particularly active in his native Rimini,","title":"Giovan Francesco Buonamici"},{"docid":"9089090","text":"Ravenna. It consists of decorative floral panels framing various figured panels, including one with the complex monogram of the bishop. In a famous 6th-century mosaic in San Vitale, Maximianus (named above the figure) is with Emperor Justinian and his retinue. The saint holds a jewelled cross and wears early versions of an alb, chasuble and pallium. He is regarded as a saint by both the Catholic and Orthodox churches, though essentially local to Ravenna, where there is a church dedicated to him at Piazza S. Massimiano, Punta Marina, Ravenna, 48020. Otto von Simson. \"Sacred Fortress: Byzantine Art and Statecraft in","title":"Maximianus of Ravenna"},{"docid":"2577054","text":"Pope Hadrian I and requested \"mosaic, marbles, and other materials from floors and walls\" in Rome and Ravenna, for his palace. The construction, including barrel and groin vaults and an octagonal cloister-vault in the dome, reflects late Roman, or Pre-Romanesque, practices rather than the Byzantine techniques employed at San Vitale, and its plan simplifies the complex geometry of the Ravenna building. Multi-coloured marble veneer is used to create a sumptuous interior. The chapel makes use of ancient spolia, conceivably from Ravenna (Einhard claimed they were from Rome and Ravenna), as well as newly carved materials. The bronze decoration is of","title":"Palatine Chapel, Aachen"},{"docid":"13813175","text":"features of the Chrysotriklinos were later consciously imitated by Charlemagne in the construction of the Palatine Chapel of the Palace of Aachen, although San Vitale, being located within his realm, provided the immediate architectural model. In its interior, the imperial throne was placed on the eastern apse (the \"bēma\"), behind a bronze railing. The northeastern apse was known as the \"oratory of St Theodore\". It contained the emperor's crown and a number of holy relics, including the rod of Moses, and also served as a dressing room for the emperor. The southern apse led to the imperial bedroom (\"koitōn\"), through","title":"Chrysotriklinos"},{"docid":"8680457","text":"Riva San Vitale Riva San Vitale is a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, located in the district of Mendrisio. Riva San Vitale is first mentioned in 774 as \"Primo Sobenno\". In 1115 it was mentioned as \"Ripa Sancti Vitalis\". The area around Riva San Vitale has probably been settled since the Neolithic. Due to the number of Roman era finds, it appears that there was a significant Roman settlement. A stele from some time before the 3rd century AD mentions that it was made for the inhabitants of \"vicus subinates\". In 1115, the Benedictine abbey of S.","title":"Riva San Vitale"},{"docid":"9089088","text":"because he was selected by the emperor Justinian I and was not their initial candidate. To a modern art historian Meyer Shapiro, \"Maximian was \"a poor deacon of Pola who to a high position through his political adroitness\" as a protegé of Justinian I. He had not been wanted as archbishop by the people of Ravenna, but \"by shrewd maneuvres he overcame their opposition, and won their respect by his discretion, generosity, and great enterprises of church building and decoration\". He completed the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, and also built Sant'Apollinare in Classe and several other churches. Maximianus","title":"Maximianus of Ravenna"},{"docid":"19729752","text":"instance, contains a series of niches whose arrangement clearly parallels the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This connection has a long history in Europe. Well-known structures which show similar influence from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre include the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, the Haghia Sophia in Istanbul, and the Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne in Aachen. In addition to this, earlier round buildings in Europe, such as the Pantheon in Rome, were converted into church buildings. Archaeological investigations suggest the conclusion that a number of round churches were originally non-Christian sacred buildings converted into churches. Additionally, the round","title":"Nordic round churches"},{"docid":"9562159","text":"Spain. He frescoed in the apse of the church of San Silvestro in Capite in Rome, a \"Martyrdom of S.Stefano I\" and a \"Messengers of Constantine call on Saint Silvestro\" (1610). His canvas of \"San Carlo Borromeo\" in the church of \"San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane\" (1612) is an eclectic and emotive synthesis of both Carracci and tenebrist styles. The influence of Caravaggio is also evident in a painting of the same saint (1616) now in the Hermitage Museum. A lively self-portrait of an earnest, somewhat foppish Borgianni is in the Rome \"Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica\". His early biographer was","title":"Orazio Borgianni"},{"docid":"5882564","text":"others of Marcus Aurelius. He was martyred in Ravenna, but all else in the story is suspect. Some writers argue that he may have been a character in a work of fiction that was mistaken for history. The feast of Saint Vitalis occurs on April 28. Churches are dedicated in honor of Saint Vitalis at Rome, Faenza, Rimini, Como, Ferrara, Venice, and Verona in Italy and at Jadera (now Zadar) in Dalmatia (now Croatia), but by far the most famous church bearing his name is the octagonal Basilica of San Vitale at Ravenna, a masterpiece of Byzantine art, erected on","title":"Vitalis of Milan"},{"docid":"6437413","text":"which tradition maintains that St. Lawrence was martyred. The marble throne of Pope Paschal II in the apse behind the high altar has an inscription that records the translation to the basilica of its relics of St. Lawrence of Rome. A \"Madonna and Child with John of Nepomuk and Archangel Michael\" by Onofrio Avellino hangs in the apse behind the high altar. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the Capella Fonseca, fourth on the right, for the Portuguese Gabriele Fonseca, who was physician to Pope Innocent X (1644-55). The chapel has some fine busts by Bernini and his workshop, including a portrait","title":"San Lorenzo in Lucina"},{"docid":"8810265","text":"Byzantine post of Brescello (Reggio nell'Emilia), which guarded a bridge over the river Po leading to Classis, from around 584. Between 584 and 590, he warred extensively against Authari, king of the Lombards, who eventually forced him to retreat to Ravenna while the region of Brescello was taken by the Lombards and the walls of the city razed to the ground. After his failure in Italy, Droctulf was called to the Balkans and Thrace to fend off the army of Slavs and Avars then besieging Adrianople (586). The Byzantines granted him burial in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna,","title":"Droctulf"},{"docid":"2251227","text":"block of stone was left rough as it came from the quarry, and the sculptor evolved new designs to his own fancy, so that one rarely meets with many repetitions of the same design. One of the most remarkable designs features leaves carved as if blown by the wind; the finest example being at the 8th-century Hagia Sophia (Thessaloniki). Those in the Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice (1071) specially attracted John Ruskin's fancy. Others appear in Sant'Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna (549). The capital in San Vitale, Ravenna (547) shows above it the dosseret required to carry the arch, the springing","title":"Capital (architecture)"},{"docid":"2065252","text":"I's reign and survive in Ravenna and Istanbul, as well as in Sofia (the Church of St Sophia). One of the great breakthroughs in the history of Western architecture occurred when Justinian's architects invented a complex system providing for a smooth transition from a square plan of the church to a circular dome (or domes) by means of pendentives. In Ravenna, the longitudinal basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, and the octagonal, centralized structure of the church of San Vitale, commissioned by Emperor Justinian but never seen by him, was built. Justinian's monuments in Istanbul include the domed churches of Hagia Sophia","title":"Byzantine architecture"},{"docid":"10292130","text":"sacred subjects for the church of the Carmelitani in Lviv. After a spell in Mantua, Sabbioneta, and Viadana, between 1726 and 1727, he was commissioned by Antonio Cavazza to paint \"Joseph retrieves the Silver Cup from Benjamin's Bag\" (now in Credito Romagnolo, Palazzo Magnani, Bologna). In 1732, he returned to Bologna, and in 1739, he joined the Accademia Clementina. In 1744 he painted a \"Madonna and Saints Anthony Abbot and Vitale\" in the parish of San Vitale di Calderara, and afterwards frescoes depicting the \"Martyrdom of San Procolo\" in the choir of the church of San Procolo, Bologna. In 1761","title":"Giuseppe Pedretti"},{"docid":"17816506","text":"series of compositions for musical theater and site-specific art installations for the Ravenna Festival, including In Die Resurrectionis, for the Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna) and Bianco Nero Piano Forte, in collaboration with the photographers Lelli & Masotti and the writer Mara Cantoni, which was located in the Biblioteca Classense. Also beginning in 2000 Ceccarelli began an artistic collaboration with the Teatro delle Albe, culminating with two works of musical theater, \"L’isola di Alcina\" (The Island of Alcina) and \"Ouverture Alcina\", with a text by Nevio Spadoni in Romagnol dialect. These two creations were staged in Italy, as well as","title":"Luigi Ceccarelli"},{"docid":"19728455","text":"of the building was totally entrusted to the architect. This monumental circular building (rotunda), impressive by dimensions and by form, by the central plan of the base and by colour, that is by materialisation – brick lining – represents the return to the antique models, the beginnings of the Christianity, the patterns of early Christian and early Byzantine sacral architecture, especially to the examples from Rome, Constantinople, Thessaloniki and Ravenna (Pantheon in Rome, the early Christian fonts or baptisteries, the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, the Church of Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople, the Church of Saint George in","title":"Church of St. Anthony of Padua, Belgrade"},{"docid":"18641338","text":"of octagonal plan. The city of Ravenna, Italy, had served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire after Milan from 402 and the capital of the subsequent kingdoms of Odoacer and of Theodoric until Justinian's reconquest in 540. The octagonal Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, begun under Theodoric in 525, was completed under the Byzantines in 547 and contains a terracotta dome. It may belong to a school of architecture from 4th and 5th century Milan. The building is similar to the Byzantine Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus and the later Chrysotriklinos, or throne hall and palace","title":"History of Roman and Byzantine domes"},{"docid":"2577053","text":"Holy Roman Emperors continued to be crowned in the Palatine Chapel until 1531. In 1000, in what was most likely a symbolic exhibition, Otto III placed the tomb of Charlemagne in the chapel and paid homage to his remains. The original tomb was probably a sepulchral niche, afterwards known as the \"Karlsmemorie\", but destroyed in 1788. There is a sixteen-sided ambulatory with a gallery overhead encircling the central octagonal dome. The plan and decoration owe much to the sixth-century Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. Indeed, Charlemagne visited Ravenna three times, the first in 787. In that year he wrote to","title":"Palatine Chapel, Aachen"},{"docid":"11972108","text":"few fragments left of what covered the apse of the first church: they are not Roman originals but of the early 12th century. The most beautiful and intact is that of the Madonna, praying in the eastern manner; other fragments give some idea of its composition - the life of Sant'Apollinare, the patron saint and evangeliser of Ravenna; scenes of the Resurrection; Saints Peter and Paul. On entering the room to the right, there is a little stele depicting Christ the Good Shepherd by a tree: it is the tombstone of Antiphon, who died aged 17 years, 5 months and","title":"Archiepiscopal Museum, Ravenna"},{"docid":"15127013","text":"reform of 1972, appears austerely furnished by choir stalls worked by the Goicoechea y Arín workshop of Vitoria. On it, resting on a pedestal that hangs from the central boss of the apse, the sculpture of the Good Shepherd, which was on the original Neo-gothic altar. A work of the Barcelonan artist Joseph Llimona, also maker of the figures of the Four Evangelists, from the old altar and which today are on the pillars of the crossing. Under the rose windows of the transept the initial design included two small pedestrian doors that were finally replaced by two altarpieces, of","title":"San Sebastián Cathedral"},{"docid":"716111","text":"the following century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art (see details in Ravenna section). Milan also served as the capital of the western empire in the 4th century. In the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, mosaics executed in the late 4th and early 5th centuries depict Christ with the Apostles and the Abduction of Elijah; these mosaics are outstanding for their bright colors, naturalism and adherence to the classical canons of order and proportion. The surviving apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, which shows Christ","title":"Mosaic"},{"docid":"3207500","text":"a symbol of regeneration in Christianity, signifying the six days of creation, the Day of Rest, and a day of re-creation through the Sacrament of Baptism. Other early examples are the Lateran Baptistery (440) that provided a model for others throughout Italy, the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus (527-536) in Constantinople and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna (548). The earlier baptistery was the city's second basilica after San Lorenzo, outside the northern city wall, and predates the church Santa Reparata. It was first recorded as such on 4 March 897, when the Count Palatine and envoy","title":"Florence Baptistery"},{"docid":"18062284","text":"Palazzo Ducale of Sassuolo. In May 13, 1944, a bomb destroyed the presbytery and choir, destroying the apse and cupola frescoes (1671) by Sigismondo Caula. The apse, now bare, had a \"Glory of St Vincent\". The main altar, restored after the bombing, was carved by Tommaso Loraghi. A funeral chapel for the Dukes of Este and their family was built in 1836 by Duke Francesco IV using designs by Francesco Vandelli. The first chapel on the left has an altarpiece of \"St Gregory reading\" by Guercino. San Vincenzo, Modena The church of San Vincenzo is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic","title":"San Vincenzo, Modena"},{"docid":"13575989","text":"\"Road to Calvary\". Michele di Matteo da Bologna painted in 1477 the frescoes on the vault of the apse. Siena Baptistery of San Giovanni The Battistero di San Giovanni (Italian: \"Baptistry of St. John\") is a religious building in Siena, Italy. It is located in the square with the same name, near the final spans of the choir of the city's cathedral. It was built between 1316 and 1325 by Camaino di Crescentino, the father of Tino di Camaino. The façade, in Gothic style, is unfinished in the upper part, such as the apse of the cathedral. In the interior,","title":"Siena Baptistery of San Giovanni"},{"docid":"14417126","text":"San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca. It is square with a trapezoid apse covered by a ribbed vault. To the right of the chapel is a kind of a sacristy with had a flat wood-bean roof since disappeared. On that roof was a choir with views of the open chapel from its balcony. Some of the decorative work included friezes of dragon heads and pelicans. This chapel was formally called the “Chapel of the Indians” and believed to have been built before the main church. Today it lies in ruins and has not been restored. The capilla abierta of Teposcolula is","title":"Capilla abierta"},{"docid":"6952648","text":"and, finding the accusations unjustified, ruled in his favor. Cardinal Alidosi was named apostolic administrator of the see of Bologna on 18 October 1510, a post which he occupied until his death. On 28 October 1510, Cardinal Alidosi was again taken prisoner by the Duke of Urbino for treason. The pope soon had him freed and given back all his honors. On 14 May 1511, the pope moved his residence from Bologna to Ravenna for security reasons, lodging in the Benedictine monastery of San Vitale. The supporters of the Bentivoglio and those who opposed the power of the church revolted","title":"Francesco Alidosi"},{"docid":"5523851","text":"tomb. It is one of the earliest church buildings that was centrally, rather than longitudinally planned. Constantine was also responsible for the building of the circular, mausoleum-like Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which in turn influenced the plan of a number of buildings, including that constructed in Rome to house the remains of the proto-martyr Stephen, San Stefano Rotondo and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Ancient circular or polygonal churches are comparatively rare. A small number, such as the Temple Church, London were built during the Crusades in imitation of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre","title":"Church architecture"},{"docid":"1526880","text":"influenced the plan of a number of buildings, including that constructed in Rome to house the remains of the proto-martyr Saint Stephen, San Stefano Rotondo and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Ancient circular or polygonal churches are comparatively rare. A small number, such as the Temple Church, London were built during the Crusades in imitation of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre as isolated examples in England, France and Spain. In Denmark such churches in the Romanesque style are much more numerous. In parts of Eastern Europe there are also round tower-like churches of the Romanesque period but","title":"Architecture of cathedrals and great churches"},{"docid":"535102","text":"Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki, and San Vitale in Ravenna. Other buttresses were constructed during the Ottoman times under the guidance of the architect Sinan. A total of 24 buttresses were added. Originally, under Justinian's reign, the interior decorations consisted of abstract designs on marble slabs on the walls and floors, as well as mosaics on the curving vaults. Of these mosaics, one can still see the two archangels Gabriel and Michael in the spandrels of the bema. There were already a few figurative decorations, as attested by the eulogy of Paul the Silentiary. The spandrels (corners) of the gallery","title":"Hagia Sophia"},{"docid":"8800267","text":"like that of a chalice depicted in the mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Melchizedek and Abel stand making offerings, not to a pagan altar with a fire, but to a table covered with a white cloth. On it are representations of two loaves, and jewelled example of a bowl with handles identical to the Water Newton Chalice. The majority of the objects found are small plaques which were probably fixed to the wall of a church as votive offerings. Some have holes for nails, like the single gold plaque, and one an inscription saying that \"Anicilla","title":"Water Newton Treasure"},{"docid":"13743652","text":"Byzantine Chludov Psalter (9th century) has a small miniature showing the hand and dove above a Virgin & Child. The hand occasionally appears in Western \"Annunciations\", even as late as Simone Martini in the 14th century, by which time the dove, sometimes accompanied by a small image of God the Father, has become more common. The hand appears at the top of a number of Late Antique apse mosaics in Rome and Ravenna, above a variety of compositions that feature either Christ or the cross, some covered by the regular contexts mentioned above, but others not. The motif is then","title":"Hand of God (art)"},{"docid":"9013465","text":"as such in the original report where the use of the term \"cancer\" probably referred to \"a suppurating ulcer or malignant tumor\". Other sources report that she died at 51. Justinian wept bitterly at her funeral. Her body was buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles, in Constantinople. Both Theodora and Justinian are represented in mosaics that exist to this day in the Basilica of San Vitale of Ravenna, Italy, which was completed a year before her death. Her influence on Justinian was so strong that after her death he worked to bring harmony between the Monophysites and the","title":"Theodora (6th century)"},{"docid":"2124818","text":"the two clerics in attendance on Bishop Maximian represented in the mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale at Ravenna; in this case, however, confusing the dalmatic with the surplice. In all probability the surplice forms no more than an expansion of the ordinary liturgical alb, due to the necessity for wearing it over thick furs. The first documents to mention the surplice date from the 11th century: a canon of the Synod of Coyaca in Spain (1050); and an ordinance of King Edward the Confessor. Rome knew the surplice at least as early as the 12th century. It probably","title":"Surplice"},{"docid":"19384095","text":"domination to Christ and the Virgin. Megaw notes that these features are repeated in the mosaic at Saint Catherine’s Monastery in the Sinai and help corroborate the sixth century dating of the mosaic. Megaw notes precision and delicacy used to construct the faces in Kiti “is markedly different from the impressionistic manner used at Lythrankomi,” but is echoed in the technique used on the faces of San Vitale at Ravenna. Above the Virgin Mary is the phrase “HAGIA MARIA,” thereby naming her as Holy Mary or St. Mary instead of “ Theotokos ” (Mother of God). After the Council of","title":"Panagia tis Angeloktistis"},{"docid":"215507","text":"Constantinople, on one occasion, not a few Manicheans, after strict inquisition, were executed in the emperor's very presence: some by burning, others by drowning. Justinian was a prolific builder; the historian Procopius bears witness to his activities in this area. Under Justinian's patronage the San Vitale in Ravenna, which features two famous mosaics representing Justinian and Theodora, was completed. Most notably, he had the Hagia Sophia, originally a basilica-style church that had been burnt down during the Nika riots, splendidly rebuilt according to a completely different ground plan, under the architectural supervision of Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles.","title":"Justinian I"},{"docid":"1694741","text":"796 and 805 on the model of other contemporary Byzantine buildings (e.g. the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna and the Little Hagia Sophia in Constantinople). The architect was Odo of Metz, and the original design was of a domed octagonal inner room enveloped by a 16 sided outer wall. The span and height of Charlemagne's Palatine chapel was unsurpassed north of the Alps for over two hundred years. The Palatine chapel consisted of a high octagonal room with a two-story circuit below. The inner octagon, with a diameter of , is made up of strong piers, on which an","title":"Aachen Cathedral"},{"docid":"6198555","text":"and other images, such as the 6th century icon of Christ Pantocrator from Saint Catherine's Monastery and the famous mosaic of Justinian I in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. The ivory panels often placed in the centre of covers were adapted from the style of consular diptychs, and indeed a large proportion of surviving examples of those were reused on book covers in the Middle Ages. Some bindings were created to contain relics of saints, and these large books were sometimes seen suspended from golden rods and carried in the public processions of Byzantine emperors. Especially in the","title":"Treasure binding"},{"docid":"5777312","text":"of Christ, objecting to the depiction of his body on the cross, and this influenced the use of the empty cross, especially in Byzantine-controlled areas such as Ravenna, where several of the Emperors had Monophysite sympathies. It was the Nestorians, another heretical force of the opposite persuasion, who helped to popularize images of Christ on the cross. In so-called \"mystical\" images, such as the apse mosaic at the Basilica of Sant' Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna (549), the jewelled cross stands specifically as a symbol for Christ. A poem by St Paulinus of Nola allows a reconstruction of a mosaic apse","title":"Crux gemmata"},{"docid":"7930","text":"arranged by district: The following cities and communities border Aachen, clockwise from the northwest: Herzogenrath, Würselen, Eschweiler, Stolberg and Roetgen (which are all in the district of Aachen); Raeren, Kelmis and Plombières (Lüttich Province in Belgium) as well as Vaals, Gulpen-Wittem, Simpelveld, Heerlen and Kerkrade (all in Limburg Province in the Netherlands). Aachen Cathedral was erected on the orders of Charlemagne in 796 AD and was, on completion in 798, the largest cathedral north of the Alps. It was modelled after the Basilica of San Vitale, in Ravenna, Italy, and was built by Odo of Metz. Charlemagne also desired for","title":"Aachen"},{"docid":"14990015","text":"architecture. The rounded and dynamic nature of its shapes is in contrast with the sharp rectangular designs of that period. It is most likely based on the abundant examples of late Roman or early Byzantine buildings that lay ruined in the Bulgarian lands. The layout, particularly the rotunda, resembles churches from the time of Justinian I such as the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, the Little Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (today Istanbul), and the Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki. Even if the plan is unusual, the technology and principles employed in its construction are contemporary to the 10th century","title":"Round Church, Preslav"},{"docid":"4403214","text":"the work to Godescalc and the details of Charlemagne's march are contained in the manuscript's dedication poem. The manuscript, a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, is the earliest example of a Carolingian illumination style. This style was characterized by naturalist motifs in the decoration, and a fusion of Insular Anglo-Saxon/Irish, early Christian (late Classical) and Byzantine styles. The ornamental motifs on the opening page of each Gospel rely heavily on the interlaces of Hiberno-Saxon origin. The portraits of the Evangelists and Christ are based on Byzantine models, such as the mosaics of San Vitale at Ravenna. The artist used natural","title":"Godescalc Evangelistary"},{"docid":"6952650","text":"Francesco Maria charged the cardinal with treason. From Castel del Rio, the cardinal went to Ravenna to tell his version of the tale. He was accompanied by his brother-in-law, Guido Vaini, and a legatine guard of 100 horsemen. Pope Julius II was convinced that the traitor had been the duke of Urbino. On 24 May 1511 the duke had an audience with the Pope. He was reproached sourly, and exited from the audience with eight of his faithfuls. He went to the lodgings of Cardinal Alidosi, who was staying with Cardinal Marco Vigero, near the church of San Vitale. At","title":"Francesco Alidosi"},{"docid":"1526919","text":"a competition was held in Florence for a plan to roof the central crossing of the huge, unfinished Gothic Cathedral. It was won by the artist Brunelleschi who, inspired by domes that he had seen on his travels, such as that of San Vitale in Ravenna and the enormous dome of the Roman period which roofed the Pantheon, designed a huge dome which is regarded as the first building of the Renaissance period. Its style, visually however, is ribbed and pointed and purely Gothic. It was Renaissance (a rebirth) in its audacity and the fact that it looked back to","title":"Architecture of cathedrals and great churches"},{"docid":"15697893","text":"creation of a shrine known as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, built much in the style of the Constantinian rotunda of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which it was supposed to create a \"dialog of shrines\" with, while looking down on it from a dominant position (the Temple Mount). The central-plan martyrium church became a shape used for important churches which didn't contain important relics, as was the case of the Constantinian \"Golden Octagon\" at Antioch, perhaps also of the octagonal church of Caesarea Maritima (built ca. 480-500), San Vitale in Ravenna (526-547), and the Palatine Chapel","title":"Martyrium (architecture)"},{"docid":"18964113","text":"budget was on par with the Russian WWII epic \"Stalingrad\", 1,250 million rubles (approximately USD$20 million). The film was shot on several locations in Crimea, including the city of Bakhchisarai, the Taigan Water Reservoir in the Belogorskiy Raion, the medieval Genoese fortress in Sudak, and Cape Fiolent near Sevastopol. Some scenes were filmed in Ravenna, Italy in mid-August 2015. The shooting took place in Basilica of San Vitale and the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia. This Basilica an important example of early Byzantine architecture in Europe, and was used for scenes set in Chersonesus. The cast is mostly Russian; however the","title":"Viking (film)"},{"docid":"16565559","text":"Chiasso with Riva San Vitale via Mendrisio and Capolago. <BR> Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station Capolago-Riva San Vitale is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The station is in the village of Capolago, part of the municipality of Mendrisio, but, as its name suggests, also serves the adjoining municipality of Riva San Vitale. The station is on the Swiss Federal Railways' Gotthard railway, between Lugano and Chiasso, and on the Monte Generoso railway, a rack railway to the summit of Monte Generoso. The station is served by the following passenger trains: The station features three platforms on","title":"Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station"},{"docid":"14272571","text":"Elsewhere it may occupy the centre of a frieze below a larger composition in the apse semi-dome, or a position on the main axis of a circular frieze round a central scene in the roof of a dome, as in the Arian Baptistry (start of 6th century) in Ravenna. At Castelseprio it occupies the centre of the apse-side (west-facing) of the triumphal arch. All are central positions, prominent but not dominant. The Baptistry of Neon (late 5th century) in Ravenna is exceptional in using repeated \"hetoimasia\" images in a circular dome frieze of eight images, four each of two types","title":"Hetoimasia"},{"docid":"14682978","text":"a rectangular shape surmounted by an octagonal dome, supported by 13th century squinches. The transept's arm end with square apse chapels. The nave is covered by cross vaults, while the transept has barrel vaults. The bell tower, built in 1340-1348, has an octagonal plan. It is in Gothic style. The presbytery houses the sepulchre of Violant of Hungary, wife of King James I of Aragon, who died in 1251 and whose remains were brought here in 1275. To the right of the choir is the Corpus Christ Chapel, which has a polychrome stone image of Mary, work of Guillem Seguer.","title":"Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona"},{"docid":"2065260","text":"vaulted aisle, as at Santa Costanza, Rome (4th century); or annexes were thrown out from the central space in such a way as to form a cross, in which these additions helped to counterpoise the central vault, as at the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna (5th century). The most famous church of this type was that of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople. Vaults appear to have been early applied to the basilican type of plan; for instance, at Hagia Irene, Constantinople (6th century), the long body of the church is covered by two domes. At Saint Sergius, Constantinople, and San Vitale,","title":"Byzantine architecture"},{"docid":"12709508","text":"organ is in an apse at the north end. The pulpit, which has access by stairs on both sides, is in a central position in front of the organ. The communion table stands in front of the pulpit. Rows of pews face the table from right, left and centre. The interior was substantially remodeled in 1924. In addition to new vestries beyond the old north exterior wall for the Minister and choir, the front of the church was fitted with beautiful oak furniture. This included choir stalls to right and left; a communion table, chairs and a memorial screen for","title":"Westwood Moravian Church"},{"docid":"18921805","text":"Leo 1592\". Above the portal are statuettes depicting a baptism. The main altar, with a polychrome baroque balustrade, has a 16th-century marble Virgin. The apse is frescoed with angels and a depiction of heaven. At the left in the choir is a fresco of \"St Heliodorus\". In the right nave, near the secondary door, is the 17th-century altar of Santa Maria degli Angeli, housing the marble statue of \"Santa Maria degli Angeli with Child-Jesus\". The Virgin wrapped in thick draperies dates back to the seventeenth century and is of Neapolitan manufacture built in Baroque style. The work was transferred to","title":"San Leone, Saracena"},{"docid":"6493034","text":"interior was remodeled again in 1916, giving it a new floor and a pressed tin ceiling. In 1965, administration of the church was returned to the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. It remains a functioning parish church. San Felipe de Neri is cruciform in plan with thick adobe walls, wooden vigas, and carved corbels dating to the original 18th century construction. Like most colonial churches in New Mexico, it uses the aisleless (single-nave) plan with a polygonal apse. The apse, transepts, and crossing have a raised ceiling, and there is a low choir loft over the main entrance. The church is","title":"San Felipe de Neri Church"},{"docid":"13231986","text":"windows in a church was both to enhance the beauty of their setting and to inform the viewer through narrative or symbolism. The subject matter was generally religious in churches, though \"portraits\" and heraldry are often included, and many narrative scenes give valuable insights into the medieval world. Window glass was in use from at least the 1st century AD and colored and painted window glass for use in religious buildings was also manufactured at an early date. The earliest extant example of ecclesiastical stained glass is possibly that from San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. A clear glass roundel with","title":"Medieval stained glass"},{"docid":"5801489","text":"confident adaptation of San Vitale, Ravenna — from where some of the pillars were brought. Many other important buildings existed, such as the monasteries of Centula or St Gall, or the old Cologne Cathedral, since rebuilt. These large structures and complexes made frequent use of towers. A sizeable portion of the Frankish aristocracy quickly followed Clovis in converting to Christianity (the Frankish church of the Merovingians). The conversion of all under Frankish rule required a considerable amount of time and effort. Echoes of Frankish paganism can be found in the primary sources, but their meaning is not always clear. Interpretations","title":"Franks"},{"docid":"9299391","text":"its Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites in 2002, 2004, and 2006. After an extensive restoration which lasted several years and ended in September 2006, it has been opened again to the public and for worship. The exterior masonry of the structure adopts the usual technique of that period in Constantinople, which uses bricks sunk in thick beds of mortar. The walls are reinforced by chains made of small stone blocks. The building, the central plan of which was consciously repeated in the basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna and served as a model for the famous Ottoman","title":"Little Hagia Sophia"},{"docid":"16371829","text":"above him. Maximian was \"a poor deacon of Pola who rose to a high position through his political adroitness\" as a protegé of Justinian I. He had not been wanted as archbishop by the people of Ravenna, but \"by shrewd maneuvres he overcame their opposition, and won their respect by his discretion, generosity, and great enterprises of church building and decoration\". He is shown, and named in a large \"titulus\", in the famous mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale of Justinian surrounded by his ministers and bodyguards (matched by a panel for the Empress). His throne can be dated","title":"Throne of Maximian"},{"docid":"8068264","text":"the present church, was influenced by the style of Michelangelo. The interior is rich in marble, gilding, and artistic decoration. The nave has an \"Assumption with Saints\" frescoed (1680) by Giacinto Brandi. The main altar carved ciborium or canopy (1667) by Carlo Rainaldi. The cupola was frescoed (1605) by Cristoforo Roncalli. A \"Martyrdom of San Stephan I\" and a \"Messengers of Constantine call on San Silvestro\" (1610) were frescoed in the apse by Orazio Borgianni. In the baptistry apse, there is a \"Baptism of Constantine\" by Ludovico Gimignani. The transept has a \"History of San Silvestro\" (1690) also by Gimignani,","title":"San Silvestro in Capite"},{"docid":"8680291","text":"by the boats of the Società Navigazione del Lago di Lugano and by the trains of the Monte Generoso railway. Buses of the Autolinea Mendrisiense and AutoPostale serve stops outside the station, providing links to Arogno, Brusino, Melano, Mendrisio, Porto Ceresio, Riva San Vitale and Rovio. <BR> Capolago Capolago is a village situated at the south-eastern extremity of Lake Lugano, in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Originally a municipality in its own right, Capolago is now a quarter of the municipality of Mendrisio, itself part of the district of Mendrisio. The first mention of the name of Capolago appears before","title":"Capolago"},{"docid":"6006678","text":"central vault used a western technique of hollow tubes inserted into each other, rather than bricks. This method was the first recorded structural use of terra-cotta forms, which later evolved into modern structural clay tile. The ambulatory and gallery were vaulted only later in the Middle Ages. The Baroque frescoes on the dome was made between 1778 and 1782 by S. Barozzi, U. Gandolfi and E. Guarana. The church has an octagonal plan. The building combines Roman elements: the dome, shape of doorways, and stepped towers; with Byzantine elements: polygonal apse, capitals, narrow bricks, and an early example of flying","title":"Basilica of San Vitale"},{"docid":"11972114","text":"of apse, portraits of the first Apostles Ss. Peter and Paul, James and Philip, Andrew and Jacob, with Christ, intent upon the Word and its interpretation. Even more than in the Christology of Galla Placidia, the Son of God is seen in the vault of Heaven: the Logos of the Cosmos. Robbed of earthly dominion, under Theodoric, the bishops of Ravenna contemplated celestial glory. The chapel is included in the series of monuments of Ravenna classed by UNESCO as a world heritage site. Archiepiscopal Museum, Ravenna The Archiepiscopal Museum () is located in Ravenna, Italy, next to the Baptistry of","title":"Archiepiscopal Museum, Ravenna"},{"docid":"14609145","text":"and three apses. The central apse is rather elongated to house the rectory. The right aisle is home to a baptistery and three altars with canvasses of saints. At the end of the aisles is the Immaculate altar, preceded by a marble balaustrade, over which is a marble statue of the Madonna. In the apse of the nave is the high altar, with an icon of the Virgin with a Child, a copy of a Byzantine original in the sanctuary of Biancavilla. Behind the altar are an 18th-century wooden organ and a wooden choir. The left aisle, in the apse","title":"Basilica della Collegiata"},{"docid":"3919877","text":"San Vitale in the city of Ravenna. Of the vast body of Roman painting we now have only a very few pockets of survivals, with many documented types not surviving at all, or doing so only from the very end of the period. The best known and most important pocket is the wall paintings from Pompeii, Herculaneum and other sites nearby, which show how residents of a wealthy seaside resort decorated their walls in the century or so before the fatal eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. A succession of dated styles have been defined and analysed by modern","title":"Roman art"},{"docid":"2103790","text":"octagon. Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular forms. Only the g8 subgroup has no degrees of freedom but can seen as directed edges. The octagonal shape is used as a design element in architecture. The Dome of the Rock has a characteristic octagonal plan. The Tower of the Winds in Athens is another example of an octagonal structure. The octagonal plan has also been in church architecture such as St. George's Cathedral, Addis Ababa, Basilica of San Vitale (in Ravenna, Italia), Castel del Monte (Apulia, Italia), Florence Baptistery, Zum Friedefürsten church (Germany) and a","title":"Octagon"},{"docid":"14487154","text":"proposed that it was similar in structure to the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, which was built in 540. Julian moved to Antioch in 362, soon after becoming the sole ruler of the eastern empire, following the death of Constantius II. He was the last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire, and chose Antioch as his headquarters, partly to lay plans for his proposed campaign against the Persians and partly to further his attempt to restore the eastern empire to Hellenism. He had the body of Saint Babylas removed from the martyrium near the temple of Apollo at Daphne,","title":"Domus Aurea (Antioch)"},{"docid":"12383612","text":"the 8th century, and it is supposed to be completed in the 9th century. The Zadar bishop and diplomat Donat (8th and 9th centuries) is credited with the building of the church. He led the representations of the Dalmatian cities to Constantinople and Charles the Great, which is why this church bears slight resemblance to Charlemagne's court chapels, especially the one in Aachen (now Aachen Cathedral), and also to the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. It belongs to the Pre-Romanesque architectural period. The circular church, formerly domed, is 27 m high and is characterised by simplicity and technical primitivism.","title":"Church of St Donatus"},{"docid":"19381397","text":"became a school. It still remains a school The interiors still conserve the wooden organ doors designed in 1655 by Luigi Bartolomeo Avanzini, and completed with the sculptures of Carlo Guastuzzi. The choir apse has a large canvas depicting \"St Joseph in Glory with St Costanzo Bishop and St Phillip Benizzi\" (1645) by Antonio Giarola. The wooden choir is from the 17th century. Other 17th century canvases are in the church. San Giuseppe, Sassuolo San Giuseppe is a former-Roman Catholic church and former convent in Sassuolo, Region of Emilia Romagna, Italy. The church was erected by the order of the","title":"San Giuseppe, Sassuolo"},{"docid":"16128871","text":"use clay tile in construction by building clay pots to lighten vaulting loads. However the first recorded structural use of terra-cotta forms was in sixth-century Italy in the dome of the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna. Clay pots lined with plaster of paris lightened the load of the dome in a similar way to earlier Roman construction. The first recorded use of structural clay tile in the United States was in 1853. Frederick A. Peterson designed hand-shaped clay ovals that he placed between I-beams and covered with cement to create flooring. Peterson debuted his method in the Cooper Union","title":"Structural clay tile"},{"docid":"9851350","text":"are topped by Corinthian capitals. The Emperor was buried in the Palatine Chapel within a 2nd-century marble sarcophagus decorated with a depiction of the abduction of Proserpina. Scholars of Charlemagne's time nicknamed Aachen «the Second Rome». Charlemagne wished to compete with the other emperor of the time, the Basileus of Constantinople. The cupola and mosaics of the chapel are Byzantine elements. The plan itself is probably inspired by the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna built by Justinian I in the 6th century. Other experts point at similarities with the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus and Constantinople's Chrysotriklinos,","title":"Palace of Aachen"},{"docid":"637436","text":"spaces and build large domes were lost. There was a loss of stylistic continuity, particularly apparent in the decline of the formal vocabulary of the Classical Orders. In Rome several great Constantinian basilicas continued in use as an inspiration to later builders. Some traditions of Roman architecture also survived in Byzantine architecture with the 6th-century octagonal Byzantine Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna being the inspiration for the greatest building of the Dark Ages in Europe, the Emperor Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel, Aachen, Germany, built around the year AD 800. Dating shortly after the Palatine Chapel is a remarkable 9th-century Swiss","title":"Romanesque architecture"},{"docid":"1990190","text":"San Juan Children's Choir The San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de Niños de San Juan\" in Spanish) is a children's choir from San Juan, Puerto Rico. The group was founded in 1966 by its director, Evy Lucío Córdova, whose founding members included Gloria Tristani, who went on to become the first Hispanic member of the Federal Communications Commission during President Clinton's Administration, and Giannina Braschi, the Puerto Rican writer who chronicles her experiences with Evy Lucío and the San Juan's Children's Choir in her novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" The Choir usually accepts participants from the age of 6 and on. Auditions","title":"San Juan Children's Choir"},{"docid":"16565557","text":"Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station Capolago-Riva San Vitale is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The station is in the village of Capolago, part of the municipality of Mendrisio, but, as its name suggests, also serves the adjoining municipality of Riva San Vitale. The station is on the Swiss Federal Railways' Gotthard railway, between Lugano and Chiasso, and on the Monte Generoso railway, a rack railway to the summit of Monte Generoso. The station is served by the following passenger trains: The station features three platforms on the Gotthardbahn, whilst the Monte Generoso trains stop at a","title":"Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station"},{"docid":"10512725","text":"the Casa di Campagna near Santa Maria di Mugnano, outside Modena. Bazzani and Giuseppe Davolio traveled to Genoa to paint the Oratorio of San Filippo Neri. In Parma, Bazzani painted for the presbytery and choir of San Vitale, the ceiling of the refectory of San Sepolcro. He also painted in Bologna, Siena, and Ferrara. Gaspare Bazzani Gaspare Bazzani (21 April 1701 – 6 May 1780) was an Italian painter active in Reggio Emilia as a painter of vedute or landscapes, as well as a scenic designer. He often designed sets during 1750–1760s for the Teatro di Reggio in collaboration with","title":"Gaspare Bazzani"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"716118\",\n \"text\": \"in the Basilica of San Vitale were executed shortly after the Byzantine conquest. The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe were made around 549. The anti-Arian theme is obvious in the apse mosaic of San Michele in Affricisco, executed in 545–547 (largely destroyed; the remains in Berlin). The last example of Byzantine mosaics in Ravenna was commissioned by bishop Reparatus between 673–79 in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe. The mosaic panel in the apse showing the bishop with Emperor Constantine IV is obviously an imitation of the Justinian panel in San Vitale. The mosaic pavement of the\",\n \"title\": \"Mosaic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006676\",\n \"text\": \"Basilica of San Vitale The Basilica of San Vitale is a church in Ravenna, Italy, and one of the most important surviving examples of early Christian Byzantine art and architecture in Europe. The Roman Catholic Church has designated the building a \\\"basilica\\\", the honorific title bestowed on church buildings of exceptional historic and ecclesial importance, although it is not of architectural basilica form. It is one of eight Ravenna structures inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The church was begun by Bishop Ecclesius in 526, when Ravenna was under the rule of the Ostrogoths and completed by the 27th\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20868070\",\n \"text\": \"and ivory collection, a large number of icons, ceramics, and ancient armor and weapons. Also on display is the detached 14th-century frescoes, originally from the church of Santa Clara, completed by Pietro da Rimini. National Museum of Ravenna The Museo Nazional di Ravenna or National Museum of Ravenna displays a collection of archeologic, artistic and artisanal objects. It is located in the Benedictine monastery of San Vitale on via San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. The collection, initialy assembled through the efforts of local erudite Camaldolese monks, was established as a museum in 1885, and moved to this site by the early\",\n \"title\": \"National Museum of Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20868069\",\n \"text\": \"National Museum of Ravenna The Museo Nazional di Ravenna or National Museum of Ravenna displays a collection of archeologic, artistic and artisanal objects. It is located in the Benedictine monastery of San Vitale on via San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. The collection, initialy assembled through the efforts of local erudite Camaldolese monks, was established as a museum in 1885, and moved to this site by the early 20th century. It contains a large collection of Ancient Roman artifacts, including lapidary epitaphs and portions from sepulchral monuments. The artifacts date from early Roman through Byzantine in scope. It also displays Renaissance bronzes,\",\n \"title\": \"National Museum of Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9556325\",\n \"text\": \"Vitale da Bologna Vitale da Bologna (c. 1309 – 1360), also known as Vitale di Aymo de' Cavalli or Vitale degli Equi, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He is a representative of the 14th century school of painting in Bologna, his natal city and the place where he was most active. Surviving works in Bologna include a polyptych in the church of San Salvatore (1353) and fresco fragments in the right apsidal chapel of Santa Maria dei Servi. Vitale was also active in Pomposa, where he painted the frescoes in the apse of the Pomposa Abbey, in\",\n \"title\": \"Vitale da Bologna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006677\",\n \"text\": \"Bishop of Ravenna, Maximian, in 547 preceding the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna. The construction of the church was sponsored by Julius Argentarius, a banker and architect, of whom very little is known, except that he also sponsored the construction of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe at around the same time. (A donor portrait of Julius Argentarius may appear among the courtiers on the Justinian mosaic.) The final cost amounted to 26,000 \\\"solidi\\\" (gold pieces). It has been suggested that Julian originated in the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire, where there was a long-standing tradition of public benefactions. The\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8080392\",\n \"text\": \"In December 1903, along with fellow artist Maximilian Lenz, Klimt visited the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna where he studied the early-Christian Byzantine gold mosaics of Justinian I and his wife, Empress Theodora. Lenz later wrote that \\\"the mosaics made an immense decisive impression on ... [Klimt]. From this comes the resplendence, the stiff decoration of his art\\\". Klimt later said that the \\\"mosaics of unbelievable splendour\\\" were a \\\"revelation\\\" to him. The Ravenna mosaics also attracted the attention of other artists who provided illustrations of the work, including Wassily Kandinsky in 1911 and Clive Bell in 1914. Klimt\",\n \"title\": \"Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20565997\",\n \"text\": \"based on famous buildings in Romagna and Venetia which Bellini had seen on his journey to Romagna and the Marche. The central building resembles the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, whilst others are based on the Ponte di Tiberio in Rimini and the Mausoleum of Theoderic in Ravenna. The marked the start of a new conception of landscape painting, connected to the predella of the Pesaro Altarpiece or the New York \\\"St. Francis in Ecstasy\\\", whose figures and background are lighter and whose atmosphere is freer than previous works. St. Jerome in the Desert (Bellini, Florence) St. Jerome in\",\n \"title\": \"St. Jerome in the Desert (Bellini, Florence)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6513661\",\n \"text\": \"category, as it has no projecting 'arms' or transepts, only a single apse on three sides, and a triple apse to the 'east' (the church is not aligned to the compass points). The triple apse would not appear to have been mirrored to the 'west' where the entrance was and is to be found, subsequent alteration has made it impossible to determine whether there was originally a narthex. The church is also architecturally quite distinct from the Palatine chapel in Aachen, and from S. Vitale in Ravenna – two buildings upon which it is often claimed that SS.Geneviève & Germain\",\n \"title\": \"Germigny-des-Prés\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20984595\",\n \"text\": \"vault began to appear, particularly in churches in Normandy and Paris, introducing the transition to the Gothic style. At the beginning of the eleventh century, inspired by the appearance of the style in northern Italy, Romanesque architecture spread west across southern France as far as Catalonia and Spain, and then north up the valley of the Rhone River. In the early Romanesque period, churches followed the traditional form of a Roman basilica, particularly the plan of the Byzantine Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. They had a single long nave, usually without a transept, which ended in a hemispherical apse.\",\n \"title\": \"French Romanesque architecture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006682\",\n \"text\": \"covered with a profusion of flowers, stars, birds and animals, including many peacocks. Above the arch, on both sides, two angels hold a disc and beside them a representation of the cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem. They symbolize the human race (Jerusalem representing the Jews, and Bethlehem the Gentiles). All these mosaics are executed in the Hellenistic-Roman tradition: lively and imaginative, with rich colors and a certain perspective, and with a vivid depiction of the landscape, plants and birds. They were finished when Ravenna was still under Gothic rule. The apse is flanked by two chapels, the \\\"prothesis\\\" and the\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12470125\",\n \"text\": \"shown communicating with each other in some way. Although none have survived, there is literary evidence of donor portraits in small chapels from the Early Christian period, probably continuing the traditions of pagan temples. The 6th-century mosaic panels in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna of the Emperor Justinian I and Empress Theodora with courtiers are not of the type showing the ruler receiving divine approval, but each show one of the imperial couple standing confidently with a group of attendants, looking out at the viewer. Their scale and composition are alone among large-scale survivals. Also in Ravenna, there\",\n \"title\": \"Donor portrait\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18315179\",\n \"text\": \"is the removal of the exterior forepart and ravelin. Porta San Vitale, Bologna Porta San Vitale, sometimes known as Porta per Ravenna, was an eastern portal of the former outer medieval walls of the city of Bologna, Italy. It is located on a piazza of the same name, immediately west of the intersection of Via San Vitale with the Viale di Ciconvallazione. First erected in 1286, with an adjacent barracks and a tower. The tower was demolished in the early 16th century. Formerly the gate had a moat and ravelin on the exterior side. At the end of 18th century\",\n \"title\": \"Porta San Vitale, Bologna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18315178\",\n \"text\": \"Porta San Vitale, Bologna Porta San Vitale, sometimes known as Porta per Ravenna, was an eastern portal of the former outer medieval walls of the city of Bologna, Italy. It is located on a piazza of the same name, immediately west of the intersection of Via San Vitale with the Viale di Ciconvallazione. First erected in 1286, with an adjacent barracks and a tower. The tower was demolished in the early 16th century. Formerly the gate had a moat and ravelin on the exterior side. At the end of 18th century the drawbridge was demolished. Between 1950 and 1952, that\",\n \"title\": \"Porta San Vitale, Bologna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17075486\",\n \"text\": \"Roman art in this episode. He travels to Libya and discovers how late-Roman art took an African turn in the ancient city of Leptis Magna. He explores the , Roman emperor in AD 193, and the \\\"Villa Selene\\\". Other important artworks featured in this episode are the \\\"Portrait of Artemidorus\\\", the Mildenhall Dish, the Portland Vase and the Lycurgus Cup in the British Museum, the Roman Baths in Bath, the Portonaccio sarcophagus in Rome, the Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs in Venice, the famous mosaics of Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Treasures of\",\n \"title\": \"Treasures of Ancient Rome\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1694740\",\n \"text\": \"the first 12 items to be listed on the UNESCO list of world heritage sites. The cathedral uses two distinct architectural styles, with small portions of a third, First, the core of the cathedral is the Carolingian-Romanesque Palatine Chapel, which was modeled after San Vitale at Ravenna and is notably small in comparison to the later additions. Secondly, the choir was constructed in the Gothic style. Finally, there are portions that show Ottonian style, such as the area around the throne. The octagon in the centre of the Cathedral was erected as the chapel of the Palace of Aachen between\",\n \"title\": \"Aachen Cathedral\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"716117\",\n \"text\": \"of the Arian Baptistry, Baptistry of Neon, Archbishop's Chapel, and the earlier phase mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo testify. After 539 Ravenna was reconquered by the Romans in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and became the seat of the Exarchate of Ravenna. The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century. Outstanding examples of Byzantine mosaic art are the later phase mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo. The mosaic depicting Emperor Saint Justinian I and Empress Theodora\",\n \"title\": \"Mosaic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"482412\",\n \"text\": \"as Theoderic had been. Meanwhile, the orthodox Christian Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, opposed both Ostrogoth rule and the Arian variety of Christianity. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. After the conquest of Italy was completed in 554, Ravenna became the seat of Byzantine government in Italy. From 540 to 600, Ravenna's bishops embarked upon a notable building program of churches in Ravenna and in and around the port city of Classe. Surviving monuments include the Basilica of San Vitale and the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe, as well as the partially surviving San Michele\",\n \"title\": \"Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006686\",\n \"text\": \"This placement can be seen through the overlapping feet of the individuals present in the mosaic. Another panel shows Empress Theodora solemn and formal, with golden halo, crown and jewels, and a group of court women as well as eunuchs. The Empress holds the Eucharistic vessel for wine, and her panel differs from that of Justinian in having a more complex background, with a fountain, cupola, and lavish hangings. Basilica of San Vitale The Basilica of San Vitale is a church in Ravenna, Italy, and one of the most important surviving examples of early Christian Byzantine art and architecture in\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14846665\",\n \"text\": \"Ursicinus (Bishop of Ravenna) Ursicinus is a saint of the Catholic Church and was Bishop of Ravenna from 533 to 536. He is not to be confused with the 1st-century saint Ursicinus of Ravenna. Ursicinus' predecessor was bishop Ecclesius of Ravenna (522–532). Maybe Ursicinus didn't follow him directly (sede vacante). Ursicinus was a mandans (juridical client) for the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe. This is based on an inscription in the narthex of this church, handed down by the church historian Andreas Agnellus in the 9th century: His cemetery lies in the Basilica of San Vitale, in the chapel of\",\n \"title\": \"Ursicinus (Bishop of Ravenna)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"482418\",\n \"text\": \"part of the new unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861. During World War II, troops of the British 27th Lancers entered and occupied Ravenna on 5 December 1944. The town suffered very little damage. Eight early Christian monuments of Ravenna are inscribed on the World Heritage List. These are Other attractions include: The city annually hosts the Ravenna Festival, one of Italy's prominent classical music gatherings. Opera performances are held at the Teatro Alighieri while concerts take place at the Palazzo Mauro de André as well as in the ancient Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe.\",\n \"title\": \"Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1082190\",\n \"text\": \"Antique mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale, the tile depicts Roman Emperor Justinian I with Maximianus, Bishop of Ravenna. The tile is displayed at the city hall. Ravenna is located near the center of Estill County at (37.685772, −83.951399), in the valley of the Kentucky River. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of Irvine, the county seat. Kentucky Route 52 passes through Ravenna as Main Street and Third Street, leading east and southeast to Beattyville, and leading west to Richmond. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ravenna has a total area of , all of\",\n \"title\": \"Ravenna, Kentucky\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006683\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"diaconicon\\\", typical for Byzantine architecture. Inside, the intrados of the great triumphal arch is decorated with fifteen mosaic medallions, depicting Jesus Christ, the twelve Apostles and Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius, the sons of Saint Vitale. The theophany was begun in 525 under bishop Ecclesius. It has a great gold fascia with twining flowers, birds, and horns of plenty. Jesus Christ appears, seated on a blue globe in the summit of the vault, robed in purple, with his right hand offering the martyr's crown to Saint Vitale. On the left, Bishop Ecclesius offers a model of the church. At the\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13813174\",\n \"text\": \"last time in 1308, although the still-impressive ruins of the Great Palace remained in place until the end of the Byzantine Empire. Despite its prominence and frequent mention in Byzantine texts, no full description of it is ever given. From the fragmented literary evidence, the hall appears to have been of octagonal shape crowned by a dome, paralleling other 6th-century buildings like the Church of Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. The roof was supported by 8 arches, which formed \\\"kamarai\\\" (apses or niches), and pierced by 16 windows. The shape and general\",\n \"title\": \"Chrysotriklinos\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10626852\",\n \"text\": \"Pieve di San Giorgio The Pieve di San Giorgio is a church in the \\\"comune\\\" of Argenta, northern Italy. It is the most ancient church in the province of Ferrara and one of the most ancient ones in Emilia-Romagna region. Located on the right bank of the Reno River, it was founded in 569 by the archbishop of Ravenna. It had originally a nave and two aisles, with a pentagonal apse; today it has only the nave. Much of the original church is now 2 metres under the ground level. The interior houses a Byzantine altar and traces of 12th\",\n \"title\": \"Pieve di San Giorgio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3109863\",\n \"text\": \"Justinian also built a number of churches and fortifications outside of the imperial capital, including Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt, Basilica of Saint Sofia in Sofia and the Basilica of St. John in Ephesus. Several major churches of this period were built in the provinces by local bishops in imitation of the new Constantinopolitan foundations. The Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, was built by Bishop Maximianus. The decoration of San Vitale includes important mosaics of Justinian and his empress, Theodora, although neither ever visited the church. Also of note is the Euphrasian Basilica in Poreč. Archeological\",\n \"title\": \"Byzantine art\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5960539\",\n \"text\": \"cemetery, and quite possibly on top of a pre-existing pagan one, as some of the ancient tombstones were re-used in its construction. Sant'Apollinare in Classe was consecrated on May 9, 549 by Bishop Maximian and dedicated to Saint Apollinaris, first bishop of Ravenna and Classe. The Basilica is thus contemporary with the Basilica of San Vitale of Ravenna. In 856, the relics of Saint Apollinaris were transferred from the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe to the Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna. The exterior has a large façade with two simple uprights and one mullioned window with three openings.\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19441614\",\n \"text\": \"the archbishop Farsetti. In 1731-1732, he worked on the restoration of the cappella Sancta Sanctorum in Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. The baroque decorations were removed in the 1904 refurbishment. During 1734 to 1745, he worked on the reconstruction of the Duomo di Ravenna. This work gained him nomination by Farsetti as knight in the Order of the Golden Spur. Buonamici also worked (1721) in the San Francesco Saverio in Rimini. He also made designs in 1738 for churches in Santarcangelo di Romagna. In 1740, he designed a town tower for Fano. He was particularly active in his native Rimini,\",\n \"title\": \"Giovan Francesco Buonamici\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9089090\",\n \"text\": \"Ravenna. It consists of decorative floral panels framing various figured panels, including one with the complex monogram of the bishop. In a famous 6th-century mosaic in San Vitale, Maximianus (named above the figure) is with Emperor Justinian and his retinue. The saint holds a jewelled cross and wears early versions of an alb, chasuble and pallium. He is regarded as a saint by both the Catholic and Orthodox churches, though essentially local to Ravenna, where there is a church dedicated to him at Piazza S. Massimiano, Punta Marina, Ravenna, 48020. Otto von Simson. \\\"Sacred Fortress: Byzantine Art and Statecraft in\",\n \"title\": \"Maximianus of Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2577054\",\n \"text\": \"Pope Hadrian I and requested \\\"mosaic, marbles, and other materials from floors and walls\\\" in Rome and Ravenna, for his palace. The construction, including barrel and groin vaults and an octagonal cloister-vault in the dome, reflects late Roman, or Pre-Romanesque, practices rather than the Byzantine techniques employed at San Vitale, and its plan simplifies the complex geometry of the Ravenna building. Multi-coloured marble veneer is used to create a sumptuous interior. The chapel makes use of ancient spolia, conceivably from Ravenna (Einhard claimed they were from Rome and Ravenna), as well as newly carved materials. The bronze decoration is of\",\n \"title\": \"Palatine Chapel, Aachen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13813175\",\n \"text\": \"features of the Chrysotriklinos were later consciously imitated by Charlemagne in the construction of the Palatine Chapel of the Palace of Aachen, although San Vitale, being located within his realm, provided the immediate architectural model. In its interior, the imperial throne was placed on the eastern apse (the \\\"bēma\\\"), behind a bronze railing. The northeastern apse was known as the \\\"oratory of St Theodore\\\". It contained the emperor's crown and a number of holy relics, including the rod of Moses, and also served as a dressing room for the emperor. The southern apse led to the imperial bedroom (\\\"koitōn\\\"), through\",\n \"title\": \"Chrysotriklinos\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8680457\",\n \"text\": \"Riva San Vitale Riva San Vitale is a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, located in the district of Mendrisio. Riva San Vitale is first mentioned in 774 as \\\"Primo Sobenno\\\". In 1115 it was mentioned as \\\"Ripa Sancti Vitalis\\\". The area around Riva San Vitale has probably been settled since the Neolithic. Due to the number of Roman era finds, it appears that there was a significant Roman settlement. A stele from some time before the 3rd century AD mentions that it was made for the inhabitants of \\\"vicus subinates\\\". In 1115, the Benedictine abbey of S.\",\n \"title\": \"Riva San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9089088\",\n \"text\": \"because he was selected by the emperor Justinian I and was not their initial candidate. To a modern art historian Meyer Shapiro, \\\"Maximian was \\\"a poor deacon of Pola who to a high position through his political adroitness\\\" as a protegé of Justinian I. He had not been wanted as archbishop by the people of Ravenna, but \\\"by shrewd maneuvres he overcame their opposition, and won their respect by his discretion, generosity, and great enterprises of church building and decoration\\\". He completed the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, and also built Sant'Apollinare in Classe and several other churches. Maximianus\",\n \"title\": \"Maximianus of Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19729752\",\n \"text\": \"instance, contains a series of niches whose arrangement clearly parallels the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This connection has a long history in Europe. Well-known structures which show similar influence from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre include the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, the Haghia Sophia in Istanbul, and the Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne in Aachen. In addition to this, earlier round buildings in Europe, such as the Pantheon in Rome, were converted into church buildings. Archaeological investigations suggest the conclusion that a number of round churches were originally non-Christian sacred buildings converted into churches. Additionally, the round\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic round churches\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9562159\",\n \"text\": \"Spain. He frescoed in the apse of the church of San Silvestro in Capite in Rome, a \\\"Martyrdom of S.Stefano I\\\" and a \\\"Messengers of Constantine call on Saint Silvestro\\\" (1610). His canvas of \\\"San Carlo Borromeo\\\" in the church of \\\"San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane\\\" (1612) is an eclectic and emotive synthesis of both Carracci and tenebrist styles. The influence of Caravaggio is also evident in a painting of the same saint (1616) now in the Hermitage Museum. A lively self-portrait of an earnest, somewhat foppish Borgianni is in the Rome \\\"Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica\\\". His early biographer was\",\n \"title\": \"Orazio Borgianni\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5882564\",\n \"text\": \"others of Marcus Aurelius. He was martyred in Ravenna, but all else in the story is suspect. Some writers argue that he may have been a character in a work of fiction that was mistaken for history. The feast of Saint Vitalis occurs on April 28. Churches are dedicated in honor of Saint Vitalis at Rome, Faenza, Rimini, Como, Ferrara, Venice, and Verona in Italy and at Jadera (now Zadar) in Dalmatia (now Croatia), but by far the most famous church bearing his name is the octagonal Basilica of San Vitale at Ravenna, a masterpiece of Byzantine art, erected on\",\n \"title\": \"Vitalis of Milan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6437413\",\n \"text\": \"which tradition maintains that St. Lawrence was martyred. The marble throne of Pope Paschal II in the apse behind the high altar has an inscription that records the translation to the basilica of its relics of St. Lawrence of Rome. A \\\"Madonna and Child with John of Nepomuk and Archangel Michael\\\" by Onofrio Avellino hangs in the apse behind the high altar. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the Capella Fonseca, fourth on the right, for the Portuguese Gabriele Fonseca, who was physician to Pope Innocent X (1644-55). The chapel has some fine busts by Bernini and his workshop, including a portrait\",\n \"title\": \"San Lorenzo in Lucina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8810265\",\n \"text\": \"Byzantine post of Brescello (Reggio nell'Emilia), which guarded a bridge over the river Po leading to Classis, from around 584. Between 584 and 590, he warred extensively against Authari, king of the Lombards, who eventually forced him to retreat to Ravenna while the region of Brescello was taken by the Lombards and the walls of the city razed to the ground. After his failure in Italy, Droctulf was called to the Balkans and Thrace to fend off the army of Slavs and Avars then besieging Adrianople (586). The Byzantines granted him burial in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna,\",\n \"title\": \"Droctulf\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2251227\",\n \"text\": \"block of stone was left rough as it came from the quarry, and the sculptor evolved new designs to his own fancy, so that one rarely meets with many repetitions of the same design. One of the most remarkable designs features leaves carved as if blown by the wind; the finest example being at the 8th-century Hagia Sophia (Thessaloniki). Those in the Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice (1071) specially attracted John Ruskin's fancy. Others appear in Sant'Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna (549). The capital in San Vitale, Ravenna (547) shows above it the dosseret required to carry the arch, the springing\",\n \"title\": \"Capital (architecture)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2065252\",\n \"text\": \"I's reign and survive in Ravenna and Istanbul, as well as in Sofia (the Church of St Sophia). One of the great breakthroughs in the history of Western architecture occurred when Justinian's architects invented a complex system providing for a smooth transition from a square plan of the church to a circular dome (or domes) by means of pendentives. In Ravenna, the longitudinal basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, and the octagonal, centralized structure of the church of San Vitale, commissioned by Emperor Justinian but never seen by him, was built. Justinian's monuments in Istanbul include the domed churches of Hagia Sophia\",\n \"title\": \"Byzantine architecture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10292130\",\n \"text\": \"sacred subjects for the church of the Carmelitani in Lviv. After a spell in Mantua, Sabbioneta, and Viadana, between 1726 and 1727, he was commissioned by Antonio Cavazza to paint \\\"Joseph retrieves the Silver Cup from Benjamin's Bag\\\" (now in Credito Romagnolo, Palazzo Magnani, Bologna). In 1732, he returned to Bologna, and in 1739, he joined the Accademia Clementina. In 1744 he painted a \\\"Madonna and Saints Anthony Abbot and Vitale\\\" in the parish of San Vitale di Calderara, and afterwards frescoes depicting the \\\"Martyrdom of San Procolo\\\" in the choir of the church of San Procolo, Bologna. In 1761\",\n \"title\": \"Giuseppe Pedretti\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17816506\",\n \"text\": \"series of compositions for musical theater and site-specific art installations for the Ravenna Festival, including In Die Resurrectionis, for the Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna) and Bianco Nero Piano Forte, in collaboration with the photographers Lelli & Masotti and the writer Mara Cantoni, which was located in the Biblioteca Classense. Also beginning in 2000 Ceccarelli began an artistic collaboration with the Teatro delle Albe, culminating with two works of musical theater, \\\"L’isola di Alcina\\\" (The Island of Alcina) and \\\"Ouverture Alcina\\\", with a text by Nevio Spadoni in Romagnol dialect. These two creations were staged in Italy, as well as\",\n \"title\": \"Luigi Ceccarelli\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19728455\",\n \"text\": \"of the building was totally entrusted to the architect. This monumental circular building (rotunda), impressive by dimensions and by form, by the central plan of the base and by colour, that is by materialisation – brick lining – represents the return to the antique models, the beginnings of the Christianity, the patterns of early Christian and early Byzantine sacral architecture, especially to the examples from Rome, Constantinople, Thessaloniki and Ravenna (Pantheon in Rome, the early Christian fonts or baptisteries, the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, the Church of Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople, the Church of Saint George in\",\n \"title\": \"Church of St. Anthony of Padua, Belgrade\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18641338\",\n \"text\": \"of octagonal plan. The city of Ravenna, Italy, had served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire after Milan from 402 and the capital of the subsequent kingdoms of Odoacer and of Theodoric until Justinian's reconquest in 540. The octagonal Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, begun under Theodoric in 525, was completed under the Byzantines in 547 and contains a terracotta dome. It may belong to a school of architecture from 4th and 5th century Milan. The building is similar to the Byzantine Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus and the later Chrysotriklinos, or throne hall and palace\",\n \"title\": \"History of Roman and Byzantine domes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2577053\",\n \"text\": \"Holy Roman Emperors continued to be crowned in the Palatine Chapel until 1531. In 1000, in what was most likely a symbolic exhibition, Otto III placed the tomb of Charlemagne in the chapel and paid homage to his remains. The original tomb was probably a sepulchral niche, afterwards known as the \\\"Karlsmemorie\\\", but destroyed in 1788. There is a sixteen-sided ambulatory with a gallery overhead encircling the central octagonal dome. The plan and decoration owe much to the sixth-century Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. Indeed, Charlemagne visited Ravenna three times, the first in 787. In that year he wrote to\",\n \"title\": \"Palatine Chapel, Aachen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11972108\",\n \"text\": \"few fragments left of what covered the apse of the first church: they are not Roman originals but of the early 12th century. The most beautiful and intact is that of the Madonna, praying in the eastern manner; other fragments give some idea of its composition - the life of Sant'Apollinare, the patron saint and evangeliser of Ravenna; scenes of the Resurrection; Saints Peter and Paul. On entering the room to the right, there is a little stele depicting Christ the Good Shepherd by a tree: it is the tombstone of Antiphon, who died aged 17 years, 5 months and\",\n \"title\": \"Archiepiscopal Museum, Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15127013\",\n \"text\": \"reform of 1972, appears austerely furnished by choir stalls worked by the Goicoechea y Arín workshop of Vitoria. On it, resting on a pedestal that hangs from the central boss of the apse, the sculpture of the Good Shepherd, which was on the original Neo-gothic altar. A work of the Barcelonan artist Joseph Llimona, also maker of the figures of the Four Evangelists, from the old altar and which today are on the pillars of the crossing. Under the rose windows of the transept the initial design included two small pedestrian doors that were finally replaced by two altarpieces, of\",\n \"title\": \"San Sebastián Cathedral\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"716111\",\n \"text\": \"the following century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art (see details in Ravenna section). Milan also served as the capital of the western empire in the 4th century. In the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, mosaics executed in the late 4th and early 5th centuries depict Christ with the Apostles and the Abduction of Elijah; these mosaics are outstanding for their bright colors, naturalism and adherence to the classical canons of order and proportion. The surviving apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, which shows Christ\",\n \"title\": \"Mosaic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3207500\",\n \"text\": \"a symbol of regeneration in Christianity, signifying the six days of creation, the Day of Rest, and a day of re-creation through the Sacrament of Baptism. Other early examples are the Lateran Baptistery (440) that provided a model for others throughout Italy, the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus (527-536) in Constantinople and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna (548). The earlier baptistery was the city's second basilica after San Lorenzo, outside the northern city wall, and predates the church Santa Reparata. It was first recorded as such on 4 March 897, when the Count Palatine and envoy\",\n \"title\": \"Florence Baptistery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18062284\",\n \"text\": \"Palazzo Ducale of Sassuolo. In May 13, 1944, a bomb destroyed the presbytery and choir, destroying the apse and cupola frescoes (1671) by Sigismondo Caula. The apse, now bare, had a \\\"Glory of St Vincent\\\". The main altar, restored after the bombing, was carved by Tommaso Loraghi. A funeral chapel for the Dukes of Este and their family was built in 1836 by Duke Francesco IV using designs by Francesco Vandelli. The first chapel on the left has an altarpiece of \\\"St Gregory reading\\\" by Guercino. San Vincenzo, Modena The church of San Vincenzo is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic\",\n \"title\": \"San Vincenzo, Modena\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13575989\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Road to Calvary\\\". Michele di Matteo da Bologna painted in 1477 the frescoes on the vault of the apse. Siena Baptistery of San Giovanni The Battistero di San Giovanni (Italian: \\\"Baptistry of St. John\\\") is a religious building in Siena, Italy. It is located in the square with the same name, near the final spans of the choir of the city's cathedral. It was built between 1316 and 1325 by Camaino di Crescentino, the father of Tino di Camaino. The façade, in Gothic style, is unfinished in the upper part, such as the apse of the cathedral. In the interior,\",\n \"title\": \"Siena Baptistery of San Giovanni\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14417126\",\n \"text\": \"San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca. It is square with a trapezoid apse covered by a ribbed vault. To the right of the chapel is a kind of a sacristy with had a flat wood-bean roof since disappeared. On that roof was a choir with views of the open chapel from its balcony. Some of the decorative work included friezes of dragon heads and pelicans. This chapel was formally called the “Chapel of the Indians” and believed to have been built before the main church. Today it lies in ruins and has not been restored. The capilla abierta of Teposcolula is\",\n \"title\": \"Capilla abierta\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6952648\",\n \"text\": \"and, finding the accusations unjustified, ruled in his favor. Cardinal Alidosi was named apostolic administrator of the see of Bologna on 18 October 1510, a post which he occupied until his death. On 28 October 1510, Cardinal Alidosi was again taken prisoner by the Duke of Urbino for treason. The pope soon had him freed and given back all his honors. On 14 May 1511, the pope moved his residence from Bologna to Ravenna for security reasons, lodging in the Benedictine monastery of San Vitale. The supporters of the Bentivoglio and those who opposed the power of the church revolted\",\n \"title\": \"Francesco Alidosi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5523851\",\n \"text\": \"tomb. It is one of the earliest church buildings that was centrally, rather than longitudinally planned. Constantine was also responsible for the building of the circular, mausoleum-like Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which in turn influenced the plan of a number of buildings, including that constructed in Rome to house the remains of the proto-martyr Stephen, San Stefano Rotondo and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Ancient circular or polygonal churches are comparatively rare. A small number, such as the Temple Church, London were built during the Crusades in imitation of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre\",\n \"title\": \"Church architecture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1526880\",\n \"text\": \"influenced the plan of a number of buildings, including that constructed in Rome to house the remains of the proto-martyr Saint Stephen, San Stefano Rotondo and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Ancient circular or polygonal churches are comparatively rare. A small number, such as the Temple Church, London were built during the Crusades in imitation of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre as isolated examples in England, France and Spain. In Denmark such churches in the Romanesque style are much more numerous. In parts of Eastern Europe there are also round tower-like churches of the Romanesque period but\",\n \"title\": \"Architecture of cathedrals and great churches\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"535102\",\n \"text\": \"Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki, and San Vitale in Ravenna. Other buttresses were constructed during the Ottoman times under the guidance of the architect Sinan. A total of 24 buttresses were added. Originally, under Justinian's reign, the interior decorations consisted of abstract designs on marble slabs on the walls and floors, as well as mosaics on the curving vaults. Of these mosaics, one can still see the two archangels Gabriel and Michael in the spandrels of the bema. There were already a few figurative decorations, as attested by the eulogy of Paul the Silentiary. The spandrels (corners) of the gallery\",\n \"title\": \"Hagia Sophia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8800267\",\n \"text\": \"like that of a chalice depicted in the mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. Melchizedek and Abel stand making offerings, not to a pagan altar with a fire, but to a table covered with a white cloth. On it are representations of two loaves, and jewelled example of a bowl with handles identical to the Water Newton Chalice. The majority of the objects found are small plaques which were probably fixed to the wall of a church as votive offerings. Some have holes for nails, like the single gold plaque, and one an inscription saying that \\\"Anicilla\",\n \"title\": \"Water Newton Treasure\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13743652\",\n \"text\": \"Byzantine Chludov Psalter (9th century) has a small miniature showing the hand and dove above a Virgin & Child. The hand occasionally appears in Western \\\"Annunciations\\\", even as late as Simone Martini in the 14th century, by which time the dove, sometimes accompanied by a small image of God the Father, has become more common. The hand appears at the top of a number of Late Antique apse mosaics in Rome and Ravenna, above a variety of compositions that feature either Christ or the cross, some covered by the regular contexts mentioned above, but others not. The motif is then\",\n \"title\": \"Hand of God (art)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9013465\",\n \"text\": \"as such in the original report where the use of the term \\\"cancer\\\" probably referred to \\\"a suppurating ulcer or malignant tumor\\\". Other sources report that she died at 51. Justinian wept bitterly at her funeral. Her body was buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles, in Constantinople. Both Theodora and Justinian are represented in mosaics that exist to this day in the Basilica of San Vitale of Ravenna, Italy, which was completed a year before her death. Her influence on Justinian was so strong that after her death he worked to bring harmony between the Monophysites and the\",\n \"title\": \"Theodora (6th century)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2124818\",\n \"text\": \"the two clerics in attendance on Bishop Maximian represented in the mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale at Ravenna; in this case, however, confusing the dalmatic with the surplice. In all probability the surplice forms no more than an expansion of the ordinary liturgical alb, due to the necessity for wearing it over thick furs. The first documents to mention the surplice date from the 11th century: a canon of the Synod of Coyaca in Spain (1050); and an ordinance of King Edward the Confessor. Rome knew the surplice at least as early as the 12th century. It probably\",\n \"title\": \"Surplice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19384095\",\n \"text\": \"domination to Christ and the Virgin. Megaw notes that these features are repeated in the mosaic at Saint Catherine’s Monastery in the Sinai and help corroborate the sixth century dating of the mosaic. Megaw notes precision and delicacy used to construct the faces in Kiti “is markedly different from the impressionistic manner used at Lythrankomi,” but is echoed in the technique used on the faces of San Vitale at Ravenna. Above the Virgin Mary is the phrase “HAGIA MARIA,” thereby naming her as Holy Mary or St. Mary instead of “ Theotokos ” (Mother of God). After the Council of\",\n \"title\": \"Panagia tis Angeloktistis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"215507\",\n \"text\": \"Constantinople, on one occasion, not a few Manicheans, after strict inquisition, were executed in the emperor's very presence: some by burning, others by drowning. Justinian was a prolific builder; the historian Procopius bears witness to his activities in this area. Under Justinian's patronage the San Vitale in Ravenna, which features two famous mosaics representing Justinian and Theodora, was completed. Most notably, he had the Hagia Sophia, originally a basilica-style church that had been burnt down during the Nika riots, splendidly rebuilt according to a completely different ground plan, under the architectural supervision of Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles.\",\n \"title\": \"Justinian I\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1694741\",\n \"text\": \"796 and 805 on the model of other contemporary Byzantine buildings (e.g. the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna and the Little Hagia Sophia in Constantinople). The architect was Odo of Metz, and the original design was of a domed octagonal inner room enveloped by a 16 sided outer wall. The span and height of Charlemagne's Palatine chapel was unsurpassed north of the Alps for over two hundred years. The Palatine chapel consisted of a high octagonal room with a two-story circuit below. The inner octagon, with a diameter of , is made up of strong piers, on which an\",\n \"title\": \"Aachen Cathedral\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6198555\",\n \"text\": \"and other images, such as the 6th century icon of Christ Pantocrator from Saint Catherine's Monastery and the famous mosaic of Justinian I in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. The ivory panels often placed in the centre of covers were adapted from the style of consular diptychs, and indeed a large proportion of surviving examples of those were reused on book covers in the Middle Ages. Some bindings were created to contain relics of saints, and these large books were sometimes seen suspended from golden rods and carried in the public processions of Byzantine emperors. Especially in the\",\n \"title\": \"Treasure binding\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5777312\",\n \"text\": \"of Christ, objecting to the depiction of his body on the cross, and this influenced the use of the empty cross, especially in Byzantine-controlled areas such as Ravenna, where several of the Emperors had Monophysite sympathies. It was the Nestorians, another heretical force of the opposite persuasion, who helped to popularize images of Christ on the cross. In so-called \\\"mystical\\\" images, such as the apse mosaic at the Basilica of Sant' Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna (549), the jewelled cross stands specifically as a symbol for Christ. A poem by St Paulinus of Nola allows a reconstruction of a mosaic apse\",\n \"title\": \"Crux gemmata\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7930\",\n \"text\": \"arranged by district: The following cities and communities border Aachen, clockwise from the northwest: Herzogenrath, Würselen, Eschweiler, Stolberg and Roetgen (which are all in the district of Aachen); Raeren, Kelmis and Plombières (Lüttich Province in Belgium) as well as Vaals, Gulpen-Wittem, Simpelveld, Heerlen and Kerkrade (all in Limburg Province in the Netherlands). Aachen Cathedral was erected on the orders of Charlemagne in 796 AD and was, on completion in 798, the largest cathedral north of the Alps. It was modelled after the Basilica of San Vitale, in Ravenna, Italy, and was built by Odo of Metz. Charlemagne also desired for\",\n \"title\": \"Aachen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14990015\",\n \"text\": \"architecture. The rounded and dynamic nature of its shapes is in contrast with the sharp rectangular designs of that period. It is most likely based on the abundant examples of late Roman or early Byzantine buildings that lay ruined in the Bulgarian lands. The layout, particularly the rotunda, resembles churches from the time of Justinian I such as the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, the Little Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (today Istanbul), and the Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki. Even if the plan is unusual, the technology and principles employed in its construction are contemporary to the 10th century\",\n \"title\": \"Round Church, Preslav\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4403214\",\n \"text\": \"the work to Godescalc and the details of Charlemagne's march are contained in the manuscript's dedication poem. The manuscript, a product of the Carolingian Renaissance, is the earliest example of a Carolingian illumination style. This style was characterized by naturalist motifs in the decoration, and a fusion of Insular Anglo-Saxon/Irish, early Christian (late Classical) and Byzantine styles. The ornamental motifs on the opening page of each Gospel rely heavily on the interlaces of Hiberno-Saxon origin. The portraits of the Evangelists and Christ are based on Byzantine models, such as the mosaics of San Vitale at Ravenna. The artist used natural\",\n \"title\": \"Godescalc Evangelistary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6952650\",\n \"text\": \"Francesco Maria charged the cardinal with treason. From Castel del Rio, the cardinal went to Ravenna to tell his version of the tale. He was accompanied by his brother-in-law, Guido Vaini, and a legatine guard of 100 horsemen. Pope Julius II was convinced that the traitor had been the duke of Urbino. On 24 May 1511 the duke had an audience with the Pope. He was reproached sourly, and exited from the audience with eight of his faithfuls. He went to the lodgings of Cardinal Alidosi, who was staying with Cardinal Marco Vigero, near the church of San Vitale. At\",\n \"title\": \"Francesco Alidosi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1526919\",\n \"text\": \"a competition was held in Florence for a plan to roof the central crossing of the huge, unfinished Gothic Cathedral. It was won by the artist Brunelleschi who, inspired by domes that he had seen on his travels, such as that of San Vitale in Ravenna and the enormous dome of the Roman period which roofed the Pantheon, designed a huge dome which is regarded as the first building of the Renaissance period. Its style, visually however, is ribbed and pointed and purely Gothic. It was Renaissance (a rebirth) in its audacity and the fact that it looked back to\",\n \"title\": \"Architecture of cathedrals and great churches\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15697893\",\n \"text\": \"creation of a shrine known as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, built much in the style of the Constantinian rotunda of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which it was supposed to create a \\\"dialog of shrines\\\" with, while looking down on it from a dominant position (the Temple Mount). The central-plan martyrium church became a shape used for important churches which didn't contain important relics, as was the case of the Constantinian \\\"Golden Octagon\\\" at Antioch, perhaps also of the octagonal church of Caesarea Maritima (built ca. 480-500), San Vitale in Ravenna (526-547), and the Palatine Chapel\",\n \"title\": \"Martyrium (architecture)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18964113\",\n \"text\": \"budget was on par with the Russian WWII epic \\\"Stalingrad\\\", 1,250 million rubles (approximately USD$20 million). The film was shot on several locations in Crimea, including the city of Bakhchisarai, the Taigan Water Reservoir in the Belogorskiy Raion, the medieval Genoese fortress in Sudak, and Cape Fiolent near Sevastopol. Some scenes were filmed in Ravenna, Italy in mid-August 2015. The shooting took place in Basilica of San Vitale and the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia. This Basilica an important example of early Byzantine architecture in Europe, and was used for scenes set in Chersonesus. The cast is mostly Russian; however the\",\n \"title\": \"Viking (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16565559\",\n \"text\": \"Chiasso with Riva San Vitale via Mendrisio and Capolago. <BR> Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station Capolago-Riva San Vitale is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The station is in the village of Capolago, part of the municipality of Mendrisio, but, as its name suggests, also serves the adjoining municipality of Riva San Vitale. The station is on the Swiss Federal Railways' Gotthard railway, between Lugano and Chiasso, and on the Monte Generoso railway, a rack railway to the summit of Monte Generoso. The station is served by the following passenger trains: The station features three platforms on\",\n \"title\": \"Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14272571\",\n \"text\": \"Elsewhere it may occupy the centre of a frieze below a larger composition in the apse semi-dome, or a position on the main axis of a circular frieze round a central scene in the roof of a dome, as in the Arian Baptistry (start of 6th century) in Ravenna. At Castelseprio it occupies the centre of the apse-side (west-facing) of the triumphal arch. All are central positions, prominent but not dominant. The Baptistry of Neon (late 5th century) in Ravenna is exceptional in using repeated \\\"hetoimasia\\\" images in a circular dome frieze of eight images, four each of two types\",\n \"title\": \"Hetoimasia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14682978\",\n \"text\": \"a rectangular shape surmounted by an octagonal dome, supported by 13th century squinches. The transept's arm end with square apse chapels. The nave is covered by cross vaults, while the transept has barrel vaults. The bell tower, built in 1340-1348, has an octagonal plan. It is in Gothic style. The presbytery houses the sepulchre of Violant of Hungary, wife of King James I of Aragon, who died in 1251 and whose remains were brought here in 1275. To the right of the choir is the Corpus Christ Chapel, which has a polychrome stone image of Mary, work of Guillem Seguer.\",\n \"title\": \"Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2065260\",\n \"text\": \"vaulted aisle, as at Santa Costanza, Rome (4th century); or annexes were thrown out from the central space in such a way as to form a cross, in which these additions helped to counterpoise the central vault, as at the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna (5th century). The most famous church of this type was that of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople. Vaults appear to have been early applied to the basilican type of plan; for instance, at Hagia Irene, Constantinople (6th century), the long body of the church is covered by two domes. At Saint Sergius, Constantinople, and San Vitale,\",\n \"title\": \"Byzantine architecture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12709508\",\n \"text\": \"organ is in an apse at the north end. The pulpit, which has access by stairs on both sides, is in a central position in front of the organ. The communion table stands in front of the pulpit. Rows of pews face the table from right, left and centre. The interior was substantially remodeled in 1924. In addition to new vestries beyond the old north exterior wall for the Minister and choir, the front of the church was fitted with beautiful oak furniture. This included choir stalls to right and left; a communion table, chairs and a memorial screen for\",\n \"title\": \"Westwood Moravian Church\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18921805\",\n \"text\": \"Leo 1592\\\". Above the portal are statuettes depicting a baptism. The main altar, with a polychrome baroque balustrade, has a 16th-century marble Virgin. The apse is frescoed with angels and a depiction of heaven. At the left in the choir is a fresco of \\\"St Heliodorus\\\". In the right nave, near the secondary door, is the 17th-century altar of Santa Maria degli Angeli, housing the marble statue of \\\"Santa Maria degli Angeli with Child-Jesus\\\". The Virgin wrapped in thick draperies dates back to the seventeenth century and is of Neapolitan manufacture built in Baroque style. The work was transferred to\",\n \"title\": \"San Leone, Saracena\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6493034\",\n \"text\": \"interior was remodeled again in 1916, giving it a new floor and a pressed tin ceiling. In 1965, administration of the church was returned to the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. It remains a functioning parish church. San Felipe de Neri is cruciform in plan with thick adobe walls, wooden vigas, and carved corbels dating to the original 18th century construction. Like most colonial churches in New Mexico, it uses the aisleless (single-nave) plan with a polygonal apse. The apse, transepts, and crossing have a raised ceiling, and there is a low choir loft over the main entrance. The church is\",\n \"title\": \"San Felipe de Neri Church\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13231986\",\n \"text\": \"windows in a church was both to enhance the beauty of their setting and to inform the viewer through narrative or symbolism. The subject matter was generally religious in churches, though \\\"portraits\\\" and heraldry are often included, and many narrative scenes give valuable insights into the medieval world. Window glass was in use from at least the 1st century AD and colored and painted window glass for use in religious buildings was also manufactured at an early date. The earliest extant example of ecclesiastical stained glass is possibly that from San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. A clear glass roundel with\",\n \"title\": \"Medieval stained glass\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5801489\",\n \"text\": \"confident adaptation of San Vitale, Ravenna — from where some of the pillars were brought. Many other important buildings existed, such as the monasteries of Centula or St Gall, or the old Cologne Cathedral, since rebuilt. These large structures and complexes made frequent use of towers. A sizeable portion of the Frankish aristocracy quickly followed Clovis in converting to Christianity (the Frankish church of the Merovingians). The conversion of all under Frankish rule required a considerable amount of time and effort. Echoes of Frankish paganism can be found in the primary sources, but their meaning is not always clear. Interpretations\",\n \"title\": \"Franks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9299391\",\n \"text\": \"its Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites in 2002, 2004, and 2006. After an extensive restoration which lasted several years and ended in September 2006, it has been opened again to the public and for worship. The exterior masonry of the structure adopts the usual technique of that period in Constantinople, which uses bricks sunk in thick beds of mortar. The walls are reinforced by chains made of small stone blocks. The building, the central plan of which was consciously repeated in the basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna and served as a model for the famous Ottoman\",\n \"title\": \"Little Hagia Sophia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16371829\",\n \"text\": \"above him. Maximian was \\\"a poor deacon of Pola who rose to a high position through his political adroitness\\\" as a protegé of Justinian I. He had not been wanted as archbishop by the people of Ravenna, but \\\"by shrewd maneuvres he overcame their opposition, and won their respect by his discretion, generosity, and great enterprises of church building and decoration\\\". He is shown, and named in a large \\\"titulus\\\", in the famous mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale of Justinian surrounded by his ministers and bodyguards (matched by a panel for the Empress). His throne can be dated\",\n \"title\": \"Throne of Maximian\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8068264\",\n \"text\": \"the present church, was influenced by the style of Michelangelo. The interior is rich in marble, gilding, and artistic decoration. The nave has an \\\"Assumption with Saints\\\" frescoed (1680) by Giacinto Brandi. The main altar carved ciborium or canopy (1667) by Carlo Rainaldi. The cupola was frescoed (1605) by Cristoforo Roncalli. A \\\"Martyrdom of San Stephan I\\\" and a \\\"Messengers of Constantine call on San Silvestro\\\" (1610) were frescoed in the apse by Orazio Borgianni. In the baptistry apse, there is a \\\"Baptism of Constantine\\\" by Ludovico Gimignani. The transept has a \\\"History of San Silvestro\\\" (1690) also by Gimignani,\",\n \"title\": \"San Silvestro in Capite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8680291\",\n \"text\": \"by the boats of the Società Navigazione del Lago di Lugano and by the trains of the Monte Generoso railway. Buses of the Autolinea Mendrisiense and AutoPostale serve stops outside the station, providing links to Arogno, Brusino, Melano, Mendrisio, Porto Ceresio, Riva San Vitale and Rovio. <BR> Capolago Capolago is a village situated at the south-eastern extremity of Lake Lugano, in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Originally a municipality in its own right, Capolago is now a quarter of the municipality of Mendrisio, itself part of the district of Mendrisio. The first mention of the name of Capolago appears before\",\n \"title\": \"Capolago\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6006678\",\n \"text\": \"central vault used a western technique of hollow tubes inserted into each other, rather than bricks. This method was the first recorded structural use of terra-cotta forms, which later evolved into modern structural clay tile. The ambulatory and gallery were vaulted only later in the Middle Ages. The Baroque frescoes on the dome was made between 1778 and 1782 by S. Barozzi, U. Gandolfi and E. Guarana. The church has an octagonal plan. The building combines Roman elements: the dome, shape of doorways, and stepped towers; with Byzantine elements: polygonal apse, capitals, narrow bricks, and an early example of flying\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of San Vitale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11972114\",\n \"text\": \"of apse, portraits of the first Apostles Ss. Peter and Paul, James and Philip, Andrew and Jacob, with Christ, intent upon the Word and its interpretation. Even more than in the Christology of Galla Placidia, the Son of God is seen in the vault of Heaven: the Logos of the Cosmos. Robbed of earthly dominion, under Theodoric, the bishops of Ravenna contemplated celestial glory. The chapel is included in the series of monuments of Ravenna classed by UNESCO as a world heritage site. Archiepiscopal Museum, Ravenna The Archiepiscopal Museum () is located in Ravenna, Italy, next to the Baptistry of\",\n \"title\": \"Archiepiscopal Museum, Ravenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14609145\",\n \"text\": \"and three apses. The central apse is rather elongated to house the rectory. The right aisle is home to a baptistery and three altars with canvasses of saints. At the end of the aisles is the Immaculate altar, preceded by a marble balaustrade, over which is a marble statue of the Madonna. In the apse of the nave is the high altar, with an icon of the Virgin with a Child, a copy of a Byzantine original in the sanctuary of Biancavilla. Behind the altar are an 18th-century wooden organ and a wooden choir. The left aisle, in the apse\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica della Collegiata\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3919877\",\n \"text\": \"San Vitale in the city of Ravenna. Of the vast body of Roman painting we now have only a very few pockets of survivals, with many documented types not surviving at all, or doing so only from the very end of the period. The best known and most important pocket is the wall paintings from Pompeii, Herculaneum and other sites nearby, which show how residents of a wealthy seaside resort decorated their walls in the century or so before the fatal eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. A succession of dated styles have been defined and analysed by modern\",\n \"title\": \"Roman art\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2103790\",\n \"text\": \"octagon. Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular forms. Only the g8 subgroup has no degrees of freedom but can seen as directed edges. The octagonal shape is used as a design element in architecture. The Dome of the Rock has a characteristic octagonal plan. The Tower of the Winds in Athens is another example of an octagonal structure. The octagonal plan has also been in church architecture such as St. George's Cathedral, Addis Ababa, Basilica of San Vitale (in Ravenna, Italia), Castel del Monte (Apulia, Italia), Florence Baptistery, Zum Friedefürsten church (Germany) and a\",\n \"title\": \"Octagon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14487154\",\n \"text\": \"proposed that it was similar in structure to the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, which was built in 540. Julian moved to Antioch in 362, soon after becoming the sole ruler of the eastern empire, following the death of Constantius II. He was the last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire, and chose Antioch as his headquarters, partly to lay plans for his proposed campaign against the Persians and partly to further his attempt to restore the eastern empire to Hellenism. He had the body of Saint Babylas removed from the martyrium near the temple of Apollo at Daphne,\",\n \"title\": \"Domus Aurea (Antioch)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383612\",\n \"text\": \"the 8th century, and it is supposed to be completed in the 9th century. The Zadar bishop and diplomat Donat (8th and 9th centuries) is credited with the building of the church. He led the representations of the Dalmatian cities to Constantinople and Charles the Great, which is why this church bears slight resemblance to Charlemagne's court chapels, especially the one in Aachen (now Aachen Cathedral), and also to the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. It belongs to the Pre-Romanesque architectural period. The circular church, formerly domed, is 27 m high and is characterised by simplicity and technical primitivism.\",\n \"title\": \"Church of St Donatus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19381397\",\n \"text\": \"became a school. It still remains a school The interiors still conserve the wooden organ doors designed in 1655 by Luigi Bartolomeo Avanzini, and completed with the sculptures of Carlo Guastuzzi. The choir apse has a large canvas depicting \\\"St Joseph in Glory with St Costanzo Bishop and St Phillip Benizzi\\\" (1645) by Antonio Giarola. The wooden choir is from the 17th century. Other 17th century canvases are in the church. San Giuseppe, Sassuolo San Giuseppe is a former-Roman Catholic church and former convent in Sassuolo, Region of Emilia Romagna, Italy. The church was erected by the order of the\",\n \"title\": \"San Giuseppe, Sassuolo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16128871\",\n \"text\": \"use clay tile in construction by building clay pots to lighten vaulting loads. However the first recorded structural use of terra-cotta forms was in sixth-century Italy in the dome of the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna. Clay pots lined with plaster of paris lightened the load of the dome in a similar way to earlier Roman construction. The first recorded use of structural clay tile in the United States was in 1853. Frederick A. Peterson designed hand-shaped clay ovals that he placed between I-beams and covered with cement to create flooring. Peterson debuted his method in the Cooper Union\",\n \"title\": \"Structural clay tile\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9851350\",\n \"text\": \"are topped by Corinthian capitals. The Emperor was buried in the Palatine Chapel within a 2nd-century marble sarcophagus decorated with a depiction of the abduction of Proserpina. Scholars of Charlemagne's time nicknamed Aachen «the Second Rome». Charlemagne wished to compete with the other emperor of the time, the Basileus of Constantinople. The cupola and mosaics of the chapel are Byzantine elements. The plan itself is probably inspired by the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna built by Justinian I in the 6th century. Other experts point at similarities with the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus and Constantinople's Chrysotriklinos,\",\n \"title\": \"Palace of Aachen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"637436\",\n \"text\": \"spaces and build large domes were lost. There was a loss of stylistic continuity, particularly apparent in the decline of the formal vocabulary of the Classical Orders. In Rome several great Constantinian basilicas continued in use as an inspiration to later builders. Some traditions of Roman architecture also survived in Byzantine architecture with the 6th-century octagonal Byzantine Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna being the inspiration for the greatest building of the Dark Ages in Europe, the Emperor Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel, Aachen, Germany, built around the year AD 800. Dating shortly after the Palatine Chapel is a remarkable 9th-century Swiss\",\n \"title\": \"Romanesque architecture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1990190\",\n \"text\": \"San Juan Children's Choir The San Juan Children's Choir (\\\"Coro de Niños de San Juan\\\" in Spanish) is a children's choir from San Juan, Puerto Rico. The group was founded in 1966 by its director, Evy Lucío Córdova, whose founding members included Gloria Tristani, who went on to become the first Hispanic member of the Federal Communications Commission during President Clinton's Administration, and Giannina Braschi, the Puerto Rican writer who chronicles her experiences with Evy Lucío and the San Juan's Children's Choir in her novel \\\"Yo-Yo Boing!\\\" The Choir usually accepts participants from the age of 6 and on. Auditions\",\n \"title\": \"San Juan Children's Choir\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16565557\",\n \"text\": \"Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station Capolago-Riva San Vitale is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The station is in the village of Capolago, part of the municipality of Mendrisio, but, as its name suggests, also serves the adjoining municipality of Riva San Vitale. The station is on the Swiss Federal Railways' Gotthard railway, between Lugano and Chiasso, and on the Monte Generoso railway, a rack railway to the summit of Monte Generoso. The station is served by the following passenger trains: The station features three platforms on the Gotthardbahn, whilst the Monte Generoso trains stop at a\",\n \"title\": \"Capolago-Riva San Vitale railway station\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10512725\",\n \"text\": \"the Casa di Campagna near Santa Maria di Mugnano, outside Modena. Bazzani and Giuseppe Davolio traveled to Genoa to paint the Oratorio of San Filippo Neri. In Parma, Bazzani painted for the presbytery and choir of San Vitale, the ceiling of the refectory of San Sepolcro. He also painted in Bologna, Siena, and Ferrara. Gaspare Bazzani Gaspare Bazzani (21 April 1701 – 6 May 1780) was an Italian painter active in Reggio Emilia as a painter of vedute or landscapes, as well as a scenic designer. He often designed sets during 1750–1760s for the Teatro di Reggio in collaboration with\",\n \"title\": \"Gaspare Bazzani\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":81,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"82"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"the unit of area in mks system is"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["metre"],"string":"[\n \"metre\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"9790616","text":"MKS system of units The MKS system of units is a physical system of measurement that uses the metre, kilogram, and second (MKS) as base units. Adopted in 1889, use of the MKS system of units succeeded the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) in commerce and engineering. The metre and kilogram system served as the basis for the development of the International System of Units (abbreviated SI), which now serves as the international standard. Because of this, the standards of the CGS system were gradually replaced with metric standards incorporated from the MKS system. An advantage of MKS units is","title":"MKS system of units"},{"docid":"9790617","text":"that since the derived units (like joules) are based on MKS units, using MKS units naturally gives answers in the appropriate SI unit. For example, the kinetic energy of an object is defined by . If the calculation is done in MKS units of kilogram and meters per second then the result is in joules, the SI unit for energy. If the same calculation is done using CGS units the answer is in ergs (). The exact list of units used in the MKS system changed over time. It incorporated base units other than the metre, kilogram, and second in","title":"MKS system of units"},{"docid":"6908589","text":"Gravitational metric system The gravitational metric system (original French term ) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively. Internationally used abbreviations of the system are MKpS, MKfS or MKS (from French or ). However, the abbreviation MKS is also used for the MKS system of units, which, like the SI, uses mass in kilogram as a base unit. Nowadays, the mass as a property of an object and its weight,","title":"Gravitational metric system"},{"docid":"7263009","text":"popularized it. When the pound is used as a unit of mass, the core of the coherent system is similar and functionally equivalent to the corresponding subsets of the International System of Units (SI), using metre, kilogram and second (MKS), and the earlier centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). In this sub-system, the unit of force is a derived unit known as the poundal. The international standard symbol for the pound as unit of mass rather than force is lb. Everett (1861) proposed the metric dyne and erg as the units of force and energy in the FPS system. Latimer Clark's","title":"Foot–pound–second system"},{"docid":"9790616","text":"MKS system of units The MKS system of units is a physical system of measurement that uses the metre, kilogram, and second (MKS) as base units. Adopted in 1889, use of the MKS system of units succeeded the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) in commerce and engineering. The metre and kilogram system served as the basis for the development of the International System of Units (abbreviated SI), which now serves as the international standard. Because of this, the standards of the CGS system were gradually replaced with metric standards incorporated from the MKS system. An advantage of MKS units is","title":"MKS system of units"},{"docid":"15597357","text":"the Treaty of the Metre was extended to cover electrical units with the CGPM merging its work with that of the IEC. The twentieth century history of measurement is marked by five periods: the 1901 definition of the coherent MKS system; the intervening 50 years of coexistence of the MKS, cgs and common systems of measures; the 1948 \"Practical system of units\" prototype of the SI; the introduction of the SI in 1960; and the evolution of the SI in the latter half century. The need for an orthogonal electromagnetic unit to resolve the difficulties of defining such units in","title":"History of the metric system"},{"docid":"92158","text":"Centimetre–gram–second system of units The centimetre–gram–second system of units (abbreviated CGS or cgs) is a variant of the metric system based on the centimetre as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of mass, and the second as the unit of time. All CGS mechanical units are unambiguously derived from these three base units, but there are several different ways of extending the CGS system to cover electromagnetism. The CGS system has been largely supplanted by the MKS system based on the metre, kilogram, and second, which was in turn extended and replaced by the International System of","title":"Centimetre–gram–second system of units"},{"docid":"800148","text":"Newton (unit) The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force. It is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically Newton's second law of motion. See below for the conversion factors. \"One newton is the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of one metre per second squared in the direction of the applied force.\" In 1946, Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) Resolution 2 standardized the unit of force in the MKS system of units to be the amount needed to accelerate","title":"Newton (unit)"},{"docid":"92162","text":"fundamental units, using the prefix \"C.G.S. unit of ...\". The sizes of many CGS units turned out to be inconvenient for practical purposes. For example, many everyday objects are hundreds or thousands of centimetres long, such as humans, rooms and buildings. Thus the CGS system never gained wide general use outside the field of science. Starting in the 1880s, and more significantly by the mid-20th century, CGS was gradually superseded internationally for scientific purposes by the MKS (metre–kilogram–second) system, which in turn developed into the modern SI standard. Since the international adoption of the MKS standard in the 1940s and","title":"Centimetre–gram–second system of units"},{"docid":"1836637","text":"to measure. The \"maxwell\" was affirmed again unanimously as the unit name for magnetic flux at the Plenary Meeting of the International Electrotechnical Commission in July 1930 at Oslo. In 1933, the Electric and Magnetic Magnitudes and Units committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission recommended to adopt the metre-kilogram-second (MKS) system (Giorgi system), and the name weber was proposed for the practical unit of magnetic flux (), subject to approval of various national committees, which was achieved in 1935. The \"weber\" was thus adopted as a practical unit of magnetic flux by the International Electrotechnical Commission. The \"maxwell\" is a","title":"Maxwell (unit)"},{"docid":"545755","text":"ohm using definitions based on the metre, kilogram and second. In 1901, Giovanni Giorgi showed that by adding an electrical unit as a fourth base unit, the various anomalies in electromagnetic systems could be resolved. The metre–kilogram–second–coulomb (MKSC) and metre–kilogram–second–ampere (MKSA) systems are examples of such systems. The International System of Units (\"Système international d'unités\" or SI) is the current international standard metric system and is also the system most widely used around the world. It is an extension of Giorgi's MKSA system—its base units are the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela and mole. The MKS (Metre, Kilogram, Second)","title":"Metric system"},{"docid":"800149","text":"1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second squared. In 1948, the 9th CGPM Resolution 7 adopted the name \"newton\" for this force. The MKS system then became the blueprint for today's SI system of units. The newton thus became the standard unit of force in the (SI), or International System of Units. Newton's second law of motion states that , where is the force applied, is the mass of the object receiving the force, and is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore: where the following symbols are used for the units: N","title":"Newton (unit)"},{"docid":"219865","text":"of the \"MKSA system\". In 1948 the CGPM commissioned the CIPM \"to make recommendations for a single practical system of units of measurement, suitable for adoption by all countries adhering to the Metre Convention\". This led to the launch of SI in 1960 and the subsequent publication of the \"SI Brochure\", which stated that \"It is not permissible to use abbreviations for unit symbols or unit names ...\". The CGS and MKS systems co-existed during much of the early-to-mid 20th century, but as a result of the decision to adopt the \"Giorgi system\" as the international system of units in","title":"Kilogram"},{"docid":"361855","text":"a fourth base unit alongside the existing three base units. The fourth unit could be chosen to be electric current, voltage, or electrical resistance. Electric current with named unit 'ampere' was chosen as the base unit, and the other electrical quantities derived from it according to the laws of physics. This became the foundation of the MKS system of units. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a number of non-coherent units of measure based on the gram/kilogram, centimetre/metre and second, such as the \"Pferdestärke\" (metric horsepower) for power, the darcy for permeability and \"millimetres of mercury\" for barometric","title":"International System of Units"},{"docid":"2749993","text":"Acoustic impedance Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting of an acoustic pressure applied to the system. The SI unit of acoustic impedance is the pascal second per cubic metre () or the rayl per square metre (), while that of specific acoustic impedance is the pascal second per metre () or the rayl. In this article the symbol rayl denotes the MKS rayl. There is a close analogy with electrical impedance, which measures the opposition that a system presents to the electrical flow resulting from an","title":"Acoustic impedance"},{"docid":"6246144","text":"(polarization will be ignored for the moment). In terms of the spectral radiance, formula_1, the energy flowing across an area element of area formula_2 located at formula_3 in time formula_4 in the solid angle formula_5 about the direction formula_6 in the frequency interval formula_7 to formula_8 is where formula_10 is the angle that the unit direction vector formula_6 makes with a normal to the area element. The units of the spectral radiance are seen to be energy/time/area/solid angle/frequency. In MKS units this would be W·m·sr·Hz (watts per square-metre-steradian-hertz). The equation of radiative transfer simply says that as a beam of","title":"Radiative transfer"},{"docid":"361857","text":"suitable for adoption by all countries adhering to the Metre Convention\". This working document was \"Practical system of units of measurement\". Based on this study, the 10th CGPM in 1954 defined an international system derived from six base units including units of temperature and optical radiation in addition to those for the MKS system mass, length, and time units and Giorgi's current unit. Six base units were recommended: the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, degree Kelvin, and candela. The 9th CGPM also approved the first formal recommendation for the writing of symbols in the metric system when the basis of the","title":"International System of Units"},{"docid":"4220691","text":"include gravitational systems, the centimetre–gram–second systems (cgs) useful in science, the metre–tonne–second system (mts) once used in the USSR and the metre–kilogram–second system (mks). The current international standard metric system is the International System of Units (\"Système international d'unités\" or SI) It is an mks system based on the metre, kilogram and second as well as the kelvin, ampere, candela, and mole. The SI includes two classes of units which are defined and agreed internationally. The first of these classes includes the seven SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, luminous intensity and amount of substance. The","title":"System of measurement"},{"docid":"5912382","text":"in Toronto, in 1928 in Bologna, and in 1932 in Zurich. Giorgi died in Castiglioncello, Livorno at the age of 79. Toward the end of the 19th century, after James Clerk Maxwell's discoveries, it was clear that electric measurements could not be explained in terms of the three fundamental units of length, mass and time, and that some irrational coefficients appeared in the equations without any logical physical reason. In 1901, Giorgi proposed to the (AEI) that the MKS system (which used the metre, kilogram and second as its fundamental units) should be extended with a fourth unit to be","title":"Giovanni Giorgi"},{"docid":"9961022","text":"Rai (unit) A rai (, ) is a unit of area equal to 1,600 square metres (16 ares, 0.16 hectares, 0.3954 acres), and is used in measuring land area for a cadastre or cadastral map. Its current size is precisely derived from the metre, but is neither part of nor recognized by the modern metric system, the International System (SI). The rai is defined as 1 square \"sen\" or (40 m × 40 m). It can be divided in four \"ngaan\" or 400 square \"wa\". It is commonly used in Thailand. Although recognized by the SI, its use is not","title":"Rai (unit)"},{"docid":"9961023","text":"encouraged. The word \"rai\" also means plantation. Rai (unit) A rai (, ) is a unit of area equal to 1,600 square metres (16 ares, 0.16 hectares, 0.3954 acres), and is used in measuring land area for a cadastre or cadastral map. Its current size is precisely derived from the metre, but is neither part of nor recognized by the modern metric system, the International System (SI). The rai is defined as 1 square \"sen\" or (40 m × 40 m). It can be divided in four \"ngaan\" or 400 square \"wa\". It is commonly used in Thailand. Although recognized","title":"Rai (unit)"},{"docid":"252318","text":"the modern revision of the metric system. It is the world's most widely used system of units, both in everyday commerce and in science. The SI was developed in 1960 from the metre-kilogram-second (MKS) system, rather than the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system, which, in turn, had many variants. During its development the SI also introduced several newly named units that were previously not a part of the metric system. The original SI units for the seven basic physical quantities were: The mole was subsequently added to this list and the degree Kelvin renamed the kelvin. There are two types of SI","title":"Measurement"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"9790616\",\n \"text\": \"MKS system of units The MKS system of units is a physical system of measurement that uses the metre, kilogram, and second (MKS) as base units. Adopted in 1889, use of the MKS system of units succeeded the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) in commerce and engineering. The metre and kilogram system served as the basis for the development of the International System of Units (abbreviated SI), which now serves as the international standard. Because of this, the standards of the CGS system were gradually replaced with metric standards incorporated from the MKS system. An advantage of MKS units is\",\n \"title\": \"MKS system of units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9790617\",\n \"text\": \"that since the derived units (like joules) are based on MKS units, using MKS units naturally gives answers in the appropriate SI unit. For example, the kinetic energy of an object is defined by . If the calculation is done in MKS units of kilogram and meters per second then the result is in joules, the SI unit for energy. If the same calculation is done using CGS units the answer is in ergs (). The exact list of units used in the MKS system changed over time. It incorporated base units other than the metre, kilogram, and second in\",\n \"title\": \"MKS system of units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6908589\",\n \"text\": \"Gravitational metric system The gravitational metric system (original French term ) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively. Internationally used abbreviations of the system are MKpS, MKfS or MKS (from French or ). However, the abbreviation MKS is also used for the MKS system of units, which, like the SI, uses mass in kilogram as a base unit. Nowadays, the mass as a property of an object and its weight,\",\n \"title\": \"Gravitational metric system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7263009\",\n \"text\": \"popularized it. When the pound is used as a unit of mass, the core of the coherent system is similar and functionally equivalent to the corresponding subsets of the International System of Units (SI), using metre, kilogram and second (MKS), and the earlier centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). In this sub-system, the unit of force is a derived unit known as the poundal. The international standard symbol for the pound as unit of mass rather than force is lb. Everett (1861) proposed the metric dyne and erg as the units of force and energy in the FPS system. Latimer Clark's\",\n \"title\": \"Foot–pound–second system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9790616\",\n \"text\": \"MKS system of units The MKS system of units is a physical system of measurement that uses the metre, kilogram, and second (MKS) as base units. Adopted in 1889, use of the MKS system of units succeeded the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) in commerce and engineering. The metre and kilogram system served as the basis for the development of the International System of Units (abbreviated SI), which now serves as the international standard. Because of this, the standards of the CGS system were gradually replaced with metric standards incorporated from the MKS system. An advantage of MKS units is\",\n \"title\": \"MKS system of units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15597357\",\n \"text\": \"the Treaty of the Metre was extended to cover electrical units with the CGPM merging its work with that of the IEC. The twentieth century history of measurement is marked by five periods: the 1901 definition of the coherent MKS system; the intervening 50 years of coexistence of the MKS, cgs and common systems of measures; the 1948 \\\"Practical system of units\\\" prototype of the SI; the introduction of the SI in 1960; and the evolution of the SI in the latter half century. The need for an orthogonal electromagnetic unit to resolve the difficulties of defining such units in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the metric system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"92158\",\n \"text\": \"Centimetre–gram–second system of units The centimetre–gram–second system of units (abbreviated CGS or cgs) is a variant of the metric system based on the centimetre as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of mass, and the second as the unit of time. All CGS mechanical units are unambiguously derived from these three base units, but there are several different ways of extending the CGS system to cover electromagnetism. The CGS system has been largely supplanted by the MKS system based on the metre, kilogram, and second, which was in turn extended and replaced by the International System of\",\n \"title\": \"Centimetre–gram–second system of units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"800148\",\n \"text\": \"Newton (unit) The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force. It is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically Newton's second law of motion. See below for the conversion factors. \\\"One newton is the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of one metre per second squared in the direction of the applied force.\\\" In 1946, Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) Resolution 2 standardized the unit of force in the MKS system of units to be the amount needed to accelerate\",\n \"title\": \"Newton (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"92162\",\n \"text\": \"fundamental units, using the prefix \\\"C.G.S. unit of ...\\\". The sizes of many CGS units turned out to be inconvenient for practical purposes. For example, many everyday objects are hundreds or thousands of centimetres long, such as humans, rooms and buildings. Thus the CGS system never gained wide general use outside the field of science. Starting in the 1880s, and more significantly by the mid-20th century, CGS was gradually superseded internationally for scientific purposes by the MKS (metre–kilogram–second) system, which in turn developed into the modern SI standard. Since the international adoption of the MKS standard in the 1940s and\",\n \"title\": \"Centimetre–gram–second system of units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836637\",\n \"text\": \"to measure. The \\\"maxwell\\\" was affirmed again unanimously as the unit name for magnetic flux at the Plenary Meeting of the International Electrotechnical Commission in July 1930 at Oslo. In 1933, the Electric and Magnetic Magnitudes and Units committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission recommended to adopt the metre-kilogram-second (MKS) system (Giorgi system), and the name weber was proposed for the practical unit of magnetic flux (), subject to approval of various national committees, which was achieved in 1935. The \\\"weber\\\" was thus adopted as a practical unit of magnetic flux by the International Electrotechnical Commission. The \\\"maxwell\\\" is a\",\n \"title\": \"Maxwell (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"545755\",\n \"text\": \"ohm using definitions based on the metre, kilogram and second. In 1901, Giovanni Giorgi showed that by adding an electrical unit as a fourth base unit, the various anomalies in electromagnetic systems could be resolved. The metre–kilogram–second–coulomb (MKSC) and metre–kilogram–second–ampere (MKSA) systems are examples of such systems. The International System of Units (\\\"Système international d'unités\\\" or SI) is the current international standard metric system and is also the system most widely used around the world. It is an extension of Giorgi's MKSA system—its base units are the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela and mole. The MKS (Metre, Kilogram, Second)\",\n \"title\": \"Metric system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"800149\",\n \"text\": \"1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second squared. In 1948, the 9th CGPM Resolution 7 adopted the name \\\"newton\\\" for this force. The MKS system then became the blueprint for today's SI system of units. The newton thus became the standard unit of force in the (SI), or International System of Units. Newton's second law of motion states that , where is the force applied, is the mass of the object receiving the force, and is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore: where the following symbols are used for the units: N\",\n \"title\": \"Newton (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"219865\",\n \"text\": \"of the \\\"MKSA system\\\". In 1948 the CGPM commissioned the CIPM \\\"to make recommendations for a single practical system of units of measurement, suitable for adoption by all countries adhering to the Metre Convention\\\". This led to the launch of SI in 1960 and the subsequent publication of the \\\"SI Brochure\\\", which stated that \\\"It is not permissible to use abbreviations for unit symbols or unit names ...\\\". The CGS and MKS systems co-existed during much of the early-to-mid 20th century, but as a result of the decision to adopt the \\\"Giorgi system\\\" as the international system of units in\",\n \"title\": \"Kilogram\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"361855\",\n \"text\": \"a fourth base unit alongside the existing three base units. The fourth unit could be chosen to be electric current, voltage, or electrical resistance. Electric current with named unit 'ampere' was chosen as the base unit, and the other electrical quantities derived from it according to the laws of physics. This became the foundation of the MKS system of units. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a number of non-coherent units of measure based on the gram/kilogram, centimetre/metre and second, such as the \\\"Pferdestärke\\\" (metric horsepower) for power, the darcy for permeability and \\\"millimetres of mercury\\\" for barometric\",\n \"title\": \"International System of Units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2749993\",\n \"text\": \"Acoustic impedance Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting of an acoustic pressure applied to the system. The SI unit of acoustic impedance is the pascal second per cubic metre () or the rayl per square metre (), while that of specific acoustic impedance is the pascal second per metre () or the rayl. In this article the symbol rayl denotes the MKS rayl. There is a close analogy with electrical impedance, which measures the opposition that a system presents to the electrical flow resulting from an\",\n \"title\": \"Acoustic impedance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6246144\",\n \"text\": \"(polarization will be ignored for the moment). In terms of the spectral radiance, formula_1, the energy flowing across an area element of area formula_2 located at formula_3 in time formula_4 in the solid angle formula_5 about the direction formula_6 in the frequency interval formula_7 to formula_8 is where formula_10 is the angle that the unit direction vector formula_6 makes with a normal to the area element. The units of the spectral radiance are seen to be energy/time/area/solid angle/frequency. In MKS units this would be W·m·sr·Hz (watts per square-metre-steradian-hertz). The equation of radiative transfer simply says that as a beam of\",\n \"title\": \"Radiative transfer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"361857\",\n \"text\": \"suitable for adoption by all countries adhering to the Metre Convention\\\". This working document was \\\"Practical system of units of measurement\\\". Based on this study, the 10th CGPM in 1954 defined an international system derived from six base units including units of temperature and optical radiation in addition to those for the MKS system mass, length, and time units and Giorgi's current unit. Six base units were recommended: the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, degree Kelvin, and candela. The 9th CGPM also approved the first formal recommendation for the writing of symbols in the metric system when the basis of the\",\n \"title\": \"International System of Units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4220691\",\n \"text\": \"include gravitational systems, the centimetre–gram–second systems (cgs) useful in science, the metre–tonne–second system (mts) once used in the USSR and the metre–kilogram–second system (mks). The current international standard metric system is the International System of Units (\\\"Système international d'unités\\\" or SI) It is an mks system based on the metre, kilogram and second as well as the kelvin, ampere, candela, and mole. The SI includes two classes of units which are defined and agreed internationally. The first of these classes includes the seven SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, luminous intensity and amount of substance. The\",\n \"title\": \"System of measurement\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5912382\",\n \"text\": \"in Toronto, in 1928 in Bologna, and in 1932 in Zurich. Giorgi died in Castiglioncello, Livorno at the age of 79. Toward the end of the 19th century, after James Clerk Maxwell's discoveries, it was clear that electric measurements could not be explained in terms of the three fundamental units of length, mass and time, and that some irrational coefficients appeared in the equations without any logical physical reason. In 1901, Giorgi proposed to the (AEI) that the MKS system (which used the metre, kilogram and second as its fundamental units) should be extended with a fourth unit to be\",\n \"title\": \"Giovanni Giorgi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9961022\",\n \"text\": \"Rai (unit) A rai (, ) is a unit of area equal to 1,600 square metres (16 ares, 0.16 hectares, 0.3954 acres), and is used in measuring land area for a cadastre or cadastral map. Its current size is precisely derived from the metre, but is neither part of nor recognized by the modern metric system, the International System (SI). The rai is defined as 1 square \\\"sen\\\" or (40 m × 40 m). It can be divided in four \\\"ngaan\\\" or 400 square \\\"wa\\\". It is commonly used in Thailand. Although recognized by the SI, its use is not\",\n \"title\": \"Rai (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9961023\",\n \"text\": \"encouraged. The word \\\"rai\\\" also means plantation. Rai (unit) A rai (, ) is a unit of area equal to 1,600 square metres (16 ares, 0.16 hectares, 0.3954 acres), and is used in measuring land area for a cadastre or cadastral map. Its current size is precisely derived from the metre, but is neither part of nor recognized by the modern metric system, the International System (SI). The rai is defined as 1 square \\\"sen\\\" or (40 m × 40 m). It can be divided in four \\\"ngaan\\\" or 400 square \\\"wa\\\". It is commonly used in Thailand. Although recognized\",\n \"title\": \"Rai (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"252318\",\n \"text\": \"the modern revision of the metric system. It is the world's most widely used system of units, both in everyday commerce and in science. The SI was developed in 1960 from the metre-kilogram-second (MKS) system, rather than the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system, which, in turn, had many variants. During its development the SI also introduced several newly named units that were previously not a part of the metric system. The original SI units for the seven basic physical quantities were: The mole was subsequently added to this list and the degree Kelvin renamed the kelvin. There are two types of SI\",\n \"title\": \"Measurement\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"9790618","text":"addition to derived units. An incomplete list of the base and derived units appears below. Since the MKS system of units never had a governing body to rule on a standard definition, the list of units depended on different conventions at different times. In 1901, Giovanni Giorgi proposed to the (AEI) that this system, extended with a fourth unit to be taken from the units of electromagnetism, be used as an international system. This system was strongly promoted by electrical engineer George A. Campbell. MKS system of units The MKS system of units is a physical system of measurement that","title":"MKS system of units"},{"docid":"370613","text":"the second of mean solar time as the unit of time.\" BAAS formally proposed the CGS system in 1874, although this system was gradually replaced over the next 70 years by MKS units. Both the CGS and MKS systems used the same second as their base unit of time. MKS was adopted internationally during the 1940s, defining the second as of a mean solar day. Some time in the late 1940s, quartz crystal oscillator clocks with an operating frequency of ~100 kHz advanced to keep time with accuracy better than 1 part in 10 over an operating period of a","title":"Second"},{"docid":"1302870","text":"was used in the same sense at around the same time, in the 4th century, and survived in this sense into Medieval Greek, while the Latin term did not remain current in Medieval Latin and was recovered in Renaissance scholarship. The gram was the fundamental unit of mass in the 19th-century centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). The CGS system co-existed with the MKS system of units, first proposed in 1901, during much of the 20th century, but the gram has been displaced by the kilogram as the fundamental unit for mass when the MKS system was chosen for the SI","title":"Gram"},{"docid":"4797785","text":"system that formed the underlying architecture of the MKS Integrity ALM product offered today. This initiative was further realized in 1999 when MKS invested the bulk of its R&D efforts towards re-designing MKS Source Integrity as a multi-tier Java EE platform to address the needs of large enterprise installations. In 1998 MKS purchased the Implementer product and division of Silvon Software, based out of Chicago, Illinois, to add AS/400 support to its ALM product line. Continuing with acquisitions, in 1999 the Interoperability Business Unit merged with DataFocus Inc., a long time OEM partner, and was charged with the evolution of","title":"MKS Inc."},{"docid":"15597364","text":"MKS system of units. In accordance with astronomical observations, the second was set as a fraction of the year 1900. The electromagnetic base unit as required by Giorgi was accepted as the ampere. After negotiations with the CIS and IUPAP, two further base units, the degree kelvin and the candela were also proposed as base units. For the first time the CGPM made recommendations concerning derived units. At the same time the CGPM adopted conventions for the writing and printing of unit symbols and numbers and catalogued the symbols for the most important MKS and CGS units of measure. Until","title":"History of the metric system"},{"docid":"17741426","text":"exclusively products in Herdecke. Since the year 2000 Dörken MKS started to open up local offices. Today, there are many offices in the U.S., China, South Korea, and locally working product managers in most European countries as well as in India, Taiwan and Brazil. Since 2002, Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG is an independent business unit of Ewald Dörken AG. In the year 2010 Dörken has acquired a small company specialized in surface treatment, the LP-Oberflächntechnik GmbH (Schalksmüle). Zinc flake coatings Zinc flake coating normally consist of a basecoat and topcoat, this is called a modular system. A basecoat","title":"Dörken MKS-Systeme"},{"docid":"275989","text":"unit symbols and of numbers. The recommendation also catalogued the recommended symbols for the most important MKS and CGS units of measure and for the first time the CGPM made recommendations concerning derived units. The CIPM's draft proposal, which was an extensive revision and simplification of the metric unit definitions, symbols and terminology based on the MKS system of units, was put to the 10th CGPM in 1954. In the proposal the CIPM recommended that the ampere be the base unit from which electromechanical standards would be derived. After negotiations with the CIS and IUPAP, two further base units, the","title":"Metre Convention"},{"docid":"15597360","text":"least the next 60 years. The advantages were several: it had a variegated set of derived units which, while not quite coherent, were at least homologous; the MKS system lacked a defined unit of electromagnetism at all; the MKS units were inconveniently large for the sciences; customary systems of measures held sway in the United States, Britain and the British empire, and even to some extent in France the birthplace of the metric system, which inhibited adoption of any competing system. Finally, war, nationalism and other political forces inhibited development of the science favouring a coherent system of units. At","title":"History of the metric system"},{"docid":"12682076","text":"CEM3340 VCO integrated circuit. The unit also includes one voltage controlled filter (VCF) and one voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) per voice. The MKS-80 has a 64 patch internal memory (8 banks of 8 patches each) along with an optional memory cartridge called the M-64C with room for another 128 (2 banks of 64 each). A full MIDI implementation is built into the MKS-80, with MIDI IN, OUT and THRU jacks positioned at the rear of the unit. The MPG-80 is the optional programmer designed specifically for the MKS-80, providing direct access to the majority of the MKS-80's features. The MPG-80","title":"Roland MKS-80"},{"docid":"2936768","text":"mmf is the ampere, the same as the unit of current (analogously the units of emf and voltage are both the volt). Informally, and frequently, this unit is stated as the ampere-turn to avoid confusion with current. This was the unit name in the MKS system. Occasionally, the cgs system unit of the gilbert may also be encountered. The term \"magnetomotive force\" was coined by Henry Augustus Rowland in 1880. Rowland intended this to indicate a direct analogy with electromotive force. The idea of a magnetic analogy to electromotive force can be found much earlier in the work of Michael","title":"Magnetomotive force"},{"docid":"14831087","text":"of electromagnetism and in quantity calculus, it became apparent that a coherent absolute system of units could only include one electromagnetic base unit. The first such system was proposed by Giorgi in 1901: it used the ohm as the additional base unit in the MKS system, and so is often referred to as the MKSΩ system or the Giorgi system. An additional problem with the CGS system of electrical units, pointed out as early as 1882 by Oliver Heaviside, was that they were not \"rationalized\", that is they failed to properly take account of permittivity and permeability as properties of","title":"International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units"},{"docid":"4797791","text":"Government market. On May 31, 2011, it was announced that PTC had completed the acquisition of MKS and that MKS would operate as the Integrity Business Unit of PTC going forward. By mid 2017 all development staff working on former MKS products are laid off, only tiny support staff is left to support now legacy Integrity software. MKS Inc. MKS, Inc (formerly called Mortice Kern Systems) is a subsidiary of PTC, Inc. It was previously a multinational independent software vendor that was acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation (now PTC) on May 31, 2011. MKS operated in the Application Lifecycle Management","title":"MKS Inc."},{"docid":"219864","text":"gram as the fundamental unit of mass and the \"kilogram\" simply as a derived unit. In 1901, however, following the discoveries by James Clerk Maxwell to the effect that electric measurements could not be explained in terms of the three fundamental units of length, mass and time, Giovanni Giorgi proposed a new standard system that would include a fourth fundamental unit to measure quantities in electromagnetism. In 1935 this was adopted by the IEC as the \"Giorgi system\", now also known as MKS system, and in 1946 the CIPM approved a proposal to adopt the ampere as the electromagnetic unit","title":"Kilogram"},{"docid":"18244617","text":"Energy rate density Energy rate density is the amount of free energy per unit time per unit mass (in CGS metric units erg/s/g; in MKS units joule/s/kg). It is terminologically (but not always numerically) equivalent to power density when measured in SI units of W/kg. Regardless of the units used, energy rate density describes the flow of energy through any system of given mass, and has been proposed as a measure of system complexity. The more complex the system, the more energy flows per second through each gram. Energy rate density is actually a general term that is equivalent to","title":"Energy rate density"},{"docid":"12682075","text":"current boost circuit (IC50).\" The unit is fully capable of producing most of the Jupiter-8's signature sounds, in addition to many sounds unique to the MKS-80. In February 1985, Roland started producing a new revision of MKS-80, known as \"Rev 5\", that had no ties with any previous Jupiter's hardware, as it used a new generation of both Roland VCO's, VCA's and filter. The Rev 5 filter was also used in JX-8P, JX-10 and MKS-70 synthesizers. The voice architecture of the MKS-80 is fully analog with 8 polyphonic voices with 2 voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) per voice, using the Curtis","title":"Roland MKS-80"},{"docid":"4797783","text":"MKS Inc. MKS, Inc (formerly called Mortice Kern Systems) is a subsidiary of PTC, Inc. It was previously a multinational independent software vendor that was acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation (now PTC) on May 31, 2011. MKS operated in the Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) and Systems Administration market segments. Integrity, a PTC Product manages systems and software development processes and connects engineering artifacts, including requirements, models, code and test, ensuring comprehensive lifecycle traceability. PTC's Integrity Business Unit supports customers across these four core industries: Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, High Tech Electronics and Medical Devices. Previously named Mortice Kern Systems, MKS","title":"MKS Inc."},{"docid":"17741425","text":"Dörken MKS-Systeme Dörken MKS-Systeme (Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG)) is an international specialty chemical company headquartered in Herdecke, Germany. It is the European market leader for micro-layer corrosion protection systems and is represented in more than 150 countries worldwide. The Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG was founded in 1980 in Herdecke. The start was with the production and distribution of a micro-layer corrosion protection system for a high-performance but heavy metal-free surface protection, from the beginning without the carcinogenic Chromium VI. Originally, small parts were coated with Zinc flake coating and organic topcoats. Dörken MKS-Systeme has always been","title":"Dörken MKS-Systeme"},{"docid":"248945","text":"do not create confusion because the context is usually sufficient—one being a volume, the others linear or angular measurement. The abbreviation cc (for cubic centimetre, equal to a millilitre or mL) is a unit of the cgs system, that preceded the MKS system, that later evolved into the SI system. The abbreviation cc is still commonly used in many fields including medical dosage and sizing for small combustion engine displacement, such as those used in motorcycles. The microlitre (μL) has been known in the past as the lambda (λ), but this usage is now discouraged. In the medical field the","title":"Litre"},{"docid":"3660370","text":"equivalent is in SI base units). Units used: In the production of the Lorentz force, the difference between electric fields and magnetic fields is that a force from a magnetic field on a charged particle is generally due to the charged particle's movement, while the force imparted by an electric field on a charged particle is not due to the charged particle's movement. This may be appreciated by looking at the units for each. The unit of electric field in the MKS system of units is newtons per coulomb, N/C, while the magnetic field (in teslas) can be written as","title":"Tesla (unit)"},{"docid":"2936720","text":"a point mass of mass \"M\" can be defined as the work \"W\" that needs to be done by an external agent to bring the unit mass in from infinity to that point: where \"G\" is the gravitational constant, and F is the gravitational force. The potential has units of energy per unit mass, e.g., J/kg in the MKS system. By convention, it is always negative where it is defined, and as \"x\" tends to infinity, it approaches zero. The gravitational field, and thus the acceleration of a small body in the space around the massive object, is the negative","title":"Gravitational potential"},{"docid":"9771200","text":"product as needed by the market and its customers. MKS X/Server is available as a standalone product, bundled with various versions of the MKS Toolkit product and available as a runtime option to UNIX/Linux applications ported to Windows using the MKS Toolkit for Enterprise Developers application. MKS X/Server MKS X/Server, a commercial X server developed by MKS Inc., allows users to access Unix/Linux systems from a PC computers which run a Microsoft Windows operating system. The product offers both a full 32-bit X server and a native 64-bit X server (for x64 based systems) that operate on various versions of","title":"MKS X/Server"},{"docid":"6873020","text":"such as auto high beam, adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning, blind spot information system with cross-traffic alert, and lane-keeping system. The new MKS also grew slightly in overall length to , making it the longest domestic production sedan. A reviewer from Canada's National Post gave the MKS a positive reception in a comparison test with the Cadillac STS and Infiniti M45, two cars that Ford picked to bring along. The MKS has dimensions comparable to the 2010 Audi A8 4.2 FSI quattro, a sedan with all-wheel drive which is equipped with a naturally aspirated 4.2 L V8 engine with","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"9771199","text":"MKS X/Server MKS X/Server, a commercial X server developed by MKS Inc., allows users to access Unix/Linux systems from a PC computers which run a Microsoft Windows operating system. The product offers both a full 32-bit X server and a native 64-bit X server (for x64 based systems) that operate on various versions of Microsoft Windows. Since 1995 MKS has distributed the SCO/Tarantella XVision Eclipse PC X server product to its customer base as part of its MKS Toolkit product line. In 2006 MKS acquired the source code rights XVision giving the company the ability to maintain and enhance the","title":"MKS X/Server"},{"docid":"3252675","text":"\"Giorgi system\". Also in 1935, TC1 passed responsibility for \"electric and magnetic magnitudes and units\" to the new TC24. This \"led eventually to the universal adoption of the Giorgi system, which unified electromagnetic units with the MKS dimensional system of units, the whole now known simply as the SI system (Système International d’unités).\" In 1938, TC24 \"recommended as a connecting link [from mechanical to electrical units] the permeability of free space with the value of \"µ\" = 4π H/m. This group also recognized that any one of the practical units already in use (ohm, ampere, volt, henry, farad, coulomb, and","title":"Weber (unit)"},{"docid":"20742191","text":"MKS Przasnysz MKS Przasnysz is a Polish football club, based in Przasnysz, Masovian Voivodeship. The club's colors are white and blue. The club currently competes in the Polish \"IV liga\". The club was founded in 1923. Its initial name, in place until 1939, was \"Węgierka\", after the local river. In 1945, following World War II, the club was reactivated as \"Zryw\" and renamed \"Związkowiec\" shortly afterwards. For the 1951-1955 period, the club returned to its original name. In 1955, the name \"Start\" was adopted which was changed to \"LZS Grom\" in 1964. At that time, a military unit was established","title":"MKS Przasnysz"},{"docid":"14671910","text":"PTC Integrity PTC Integrity Lifecycle Manager (formerly \"MKS Integrity\") is a software system lifecycle management (SSLM) and application lifecycle management (ALM) platform developed by MKS Inc. and was first released in 2001. The software is client/server, with both desktop (java/swing) and web client interfaces. It provides software development organizations with a collaborative environment in which they can manage the end-to-end processes of development, from requirements management, engineering change management, revision control, and build management to test management and software deployment as well as associated reports & metrics. MKS Integrity is now a PTC product since the acquisition of MKS Inc.","title":"PTC Integrity"},{"docid":"6873012","text":"The front fascia of the production version received a new grille, a chrome, split-wing design. The trapezoidal-shaped chrome exhaust tips of the MKS Concept were replaced with more common circular chrome tips.<ref name=\"int/ext\"></ref> The production MKS uses leather seating surfaces, thermoplastic olefin door and interior panels, as well as leatherette for the top of the dashboard. The maple wood instrument panel applique from the concept car was replaced with olive-ash or ebony wood. The MKS was the first series production Lincoln with radar autonomous cruise control system. Other features include intelligent access system with a push button start, a keyless","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"6873010","text":"device connectivity, a DVD-based navigation system, a 14-speaker, 500-watt audio system, a passive entry system that identifies the driver and allows starting the vehicle by carrying its key fob, and a push button ignition system. Safety was provided by dual front airbags, driver and passenger side airbags, and side curtain airbags. The MKS Concept was based on Ford's front-wheel drive, Volvo-derived D3 Automobile platform that was already in use in the then-Ford Five Hundred, Ford Freestyle, and Mercury Montego (the version used for the MKS in particular was coded \"D385\"). It has independent suspension with MacPherson struts and rearward-facing lower","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"92164","text":"have the same units in free space and there is a lot of potential for confusion when converting published measurements from cgs to MKS. The units gram and centimetre remain useful \"as prefixed units\" within the SI system, especially for instructional physics and chemistry experiments, where they match the small scale of table-top setups. However, where derived units are needed, the SI ones are generally used and taught instead of the CGS ones today. For example, a physics lab course might ask students to record lengths in centimetres, and masses in grams, but force (a derived unit) in newtons, a","title":"Centimetre–gram–second system of units"},{"docid":"575415","text":"decahecto-, a workaround also in use prior to the SI, leaving no way to name those orders of magnitude. 10 was represented using various \"ad hoc\" solutions; 100 000 meters composed a grade, 100 000 pascals composed a bar, and 100 000 dynes composed a newton; most of these conversions stem from compatible units that were used in the SI (and its predecessor, MKS) and the CGS system of units. Meteorologists currently use a unit of 100 000 seconds (a quantity on the order of a day) to quantify atmospheric vorticity at the synoptic scale; the unit, however, does not","title":"Metric time"},{"docid":"6873016","text":"accomplish the parallel parking task, will be available in mid-2009 as an option on the 2010 MKS. This feature is accomplished by using software control of the Electric Power Steering (EPS) system. The production MKS rides on Ford's D3 platform. The MKS features an independent suspension with MacPherson struts and rearward-facing lower L-arms with a stabilizer bar in the front and a multilink coil over shock setup with stamped steel lower control arms and cast upper control arms in the rear; \"Lincoln Drive Control\" with continuously controlled damping (CCD) available as optional feature. The car features four-wheel antilock disc brakes","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"14789794","text":"switched the focus of the campaign to the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic routes, reasoning these would be softer targets. To this end he established the \"wolfpack\" \"Schill\" off the coast of Portugal, to intercept convoys sailing to and from Gibraltar, Mediterranean and South Atlantic. For the Allies, the success of Operation Torch and the re-opening of the Mediterranean to Allied traffic had led to the Allied convoy system in this area being re-organized. The previous OG/HG series to Gibraltar had been discontinued, to be replaced by the MKS/KMS series of ships to and from the Mediterranean. The OS/SL series to","title":"Convoy SL 138/MKS 28"},{"docid":"1308008","text":"stroke is complete, leading to \"engine knocking\". This can damage engine components and will decrease the brake horsepower of the engine. The power produced by the Otto cycle is the energy developed per unit of time. The Otto engines are called four-stroke engines. The intake stroke and compression stroke require one rotation of the engine crankshaft. The power stroke and exhaust stroke require another rotation. For two rotations there is one work generating stroke. From the above cycle analysis the net work produced by the system : If the units used were MKS the cycle would have produced one joule","title":"Otto cycle"},{"docid":"14671915","text":"Manager, Implementer (for IBM i) and others. These were consolidated under a single brand, with the release of MKS Integrity 2007 in July 2007, which was acquired by PTC and finally renamed to PTC Integrity in 2011. PTC Integrity PTC Integrity Lifecycle Manager (formerly \"MKS Integrity\") is a software system lifecycle management (SSLM) and application lifecycle management (ALM) platform developed by MKS Inc. and was first released in 2001. The software is client/server, with both desktop (java/swing) and web client interfaces. It provides software development organizations with a collaborative environment in which they can manage the end-to-end processes of development,","title":"PTC Integrity"},{"docid":"6873011","text":"L-arms with a stabilizer bar in the front and a multilink coil over shock setup with a stabilizer bar in the rear. The MKS Concept featured an active all-wheel drive system. Powering the MKS Concept was a Ford/Yamaha 4.4 L DOHC V8 producing 315 hp (235 kW) at 4500 rpm and 320 lb·ft (433 N·m) of torque at 3000 rpm. The engine was mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission. The production version of the Lincoln MKS was unveiled to the public in November 2007 at the LA Auto Show. Sales began in the summer of 2008 as a 2009 model.","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"4797786","text":"the MKS Toolkit and N\"u\"TCRACKER products. In the 1999–2000 timeframe, the company also embarked on a web content management strategy with the launch of a product called Web Integrity. This precipitated a spin-off strategy, resulting in the formation of a company called Vertical Sky. This short-lived venture was not successful, and the company abandoned its content management product and regrouped and rebuilt under the MKS brand name in 2001. In 2001, following the company's restructuring and refinancing, MKS shifted its primary focus to the enterprise market, expanding from its desktop-based version control and defect tracking system to the multi-tier software","title":"MKS Inc."},{"docid":"4797787","text":"change and configuration management (SCM) system it had been developing technically since 1997. The new product, now known as MKS Integrity, had a Java EE foundation and was brought to market in June, 2001. Since that time, the company has expanded feature sets beyond SCM, into what is now called in the marketplace, Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), with the incorporation of requirements management and release management in 2005, and test management and portfolio management in 2006. As of 2006, the ALM revenues for the company constitute over 80% of the annual revenues (). In late 2005 MKS opened an office","title":"MKS Inc."},{"docid":"3914628","text":"List MP A list MP is a member of parliament (MP) who is elected from a party list rather than from a geographical constituency. Their presence in Parliament is owed to the number of votes that their party won, not to votes received by the MP personally. This occurs only in countries which have an electoral system based on party-list proportional representation. In some countries, seats in the chamber are filled solely in accordance with the share of votes won by each individual party. Thus, in Israel, all Members of the Knesset (MKs) are list members. Under this system, MKs","title":"List MP"},{"docid":"10220865","text":"of the EEC had been using the metric system for a hundred years or more. During that time the metric system had undergone a number of changes, particularly in science and engineering. Some industries were based on the CGS variant of the metric system and other on the MKS variant. In 1960, the CGPM published the International System of Units (SI), a coherent version of the metric system based on the MKS variant. Directive 71/354/EEC sought to rationalise the system of units within the EEC by standardising on SI. The directive catalogued the units of measure that were permitted for","title":"European units of measurement directives"},{"docid":"114251","text":"de Bazán\"-class destroyer. They will also use the AEGIS Combat System. The first unit, , was commissioned on 23 September 2017. In addition, six multi-mission surface combat ships are planned under the name 'Mehrzweckkampfschiff 180' (MKS 180), which will have destroyer-size and corresponding capabilities A number of countries have destroyers preserved as museum ships. These include: Destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller powerful short-range attackers. They were originally developed in the late 19th century as a defense","title":"Destroyer"},{"docid":"1986309","text":"many calls to be made for its redefinition, and in 1962 it was redefined. The definition of the roentgen had the advantage over the gray of being simpler to measure, but the gray is independent of the primary ionizing radiation. The CCU decided to define the SI unit of absorbed radiation in terms of energy per unit mass, which in MKS units was J/kg. This was confirmed in 1975 by the 15th CGPM, and the unit was named the \"gray\" in honour of Louis Harold Gray, who had died in 1965. The gray was equal to 100 rad. The adoption","title":"Gray (unit)"},{"docid":"13630475","text":"1962 it was redefined. The CCU decided to define the SI unit of absorbed radiation in terms of energy per unit mass, which in MKS units was J/kg. This was confirmed in 1975 by the 15th CGPM, and the unit was named the \"gray\" in honour of Louis Harold Gray, who had died in 1965. The gray was equal to 100 rad. The definition of the roentgen had had the attraction of being relatively simple to define for photons in air, but the gray is independent of the primary ionizing radiation type, and can be used for both kerma and","title":"Roentgen (unit)"},{"docid":"5927799","text":"the resulting equation The unit of gaussian charge, the statcoulomb, is such that two units, a distance of 1 centimetre apart, repel each other with a force equal to the cgs unit of force, the dyne. Thus the unit of gaussian charge can also be written 1 dyne cm. \"Gaussian electric charge\" is not the same mathematical quantity as modern (MKS and subsequently the SI) electric charge and is not measured in coulombs. The idea subsequently developed that it would be better, in situations of spherical geometry, to include a factor 4π in equations like Coulomb's law, and write it","title":"Vacuum permittivity"},{"docid":"6873022","text":"starting at an MSRP of $10,000 less than the MKS. Due to declining sales, the Lincoln MKS was replaced by a new car based on the Lincoln Continental concept in 2016. The Chicago Assembly Plant where the MKS was produced continues to manufacture the Ford Taurus, Ford Explorer, and Police Interceptor vehicles. Lincoln MKS The Lincoln MKS is a full-sized luxury sedan that was manufactured and marketed by the Lincoln subdivision of Ford from 2009 to 2016. First shown at the LA Auto Show in November 2007, the MKS began production for the 2009 model year at Ford's Chicago Assembly","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"12682077","text":"connects to the MKS-80 via the Controller port using a special cable. When used with an MPG-80, the MKS-80's MIDI IN port is not used in favor of the MIDI IN on the MPG-80. The Factory Presets were created by Eric Persing and Dan Desousa Roland MKS-80 The Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter is a rack version of Roland Jupiter-8 and Roland Jupiter-6 and an 8-voice polyphonic analog synthesizer that was manufactured by Roland between 1984 and 1987. It is the only of MKS series of synthesizers to have fully analog voltage-controlled oscillators. Contrary to popular belief, the voice architecture is","title":"Roland MKS-80"},{"docid":"8154490","text":"Rayl A Rayl, rayl or Rayleigh is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance or, equivalently, characteristic acoustic impedance; one an MKS unit, and the other a CGS unit. The units are named after John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, and not to be confused with the rayleigh unit of photon flux, used to measure airglow, and named after his son, Robert John Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh. It has the same dimensions as momentum per volume. When sound waves pass through any physical substance the pressure of the waves causes the particles of the substance to move. The sound","title":"Rayl"},{"docid":"8210895","text":"had included the MKS Toolkit since 1994 as part of its Unix compatibility technology. The MKS Toolkit was also licensed by Microsoft for the first two versions of their Windows Services for Unix, but later dropped in favor of Interix after Microsoft purchased the latter company. Version 10.0 was current . The MKS Toolkit products offer functionality in the following areas: MKS Toolkit products support all IA-32 and x64 of the Microsoft Windows operating systems. There is some loss of functionality running IA-32 versions on Windows 9x. Earlier versions ran on MS-DOS and compatible operating systems. MKS Toolkit MKS Toolkit","title":"MKS Toolkit"},{"docid":"8210894","text":"MKS Toolkit MKS Toolkit is a software package produced and maintained by PTC that provides a Unix-like environment for scripting, connectivity and porting Unix and Linux software to Microsoft Windows. It was originally created for MS-DOS, and OS/2 versions were released up to version 4.4. Several editions of each version, such as MKS Toolkit for developers, power users, enterprise developers and interoperability are available, with the enterprise developer edition being the most complete. Before PTC, MKS Toolkit was owned by MKS Inc. In 1999, MKS acquired a company based in Fairfax, Virginia, USA called Datafocus Inc. The Datafocus product N\"u\"TCRACKER","title":"MKS Toolkit"},{"docid":"14812101","text":"Microsoft provides MKS Inc.'s ksh implementation \"MKS Korn shell\" for Windows through their Services for UNIX add-on. Since 2001, the Macintosh operating system is based on a variation of Unix called Darwin. On these computers, users can access a Unix-like command-line interface called Terminal found in the Applications Utilities folder. This terminal uses bash by default. A CLI is used whenever a large vocabulary of commands or queries, coupled with a wide (or arbitrary) range of options, can be entered more rapidly as text than with a pure GUI. This is typically the case with . CLIs are also used","title":"Command-line interface"},{"docid":"9695034","text":"Meckel syndrome Meckel syndrome (also known as Meckel–Gruber syndrome, Gruber syndrome, dysencephalia splanchnocystica) is a rare, lethal, ciliopathic, genetic disorder, characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations (occipital encephalocele), polydactyly (post axial), hepatic developmental defects, and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios. Meckel–Gruber syndrome is named for Johann Meckel and Georg Gruber. Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation. Recently, two MKS genes, MKS1 and MKS3, have been identified. A study done recently has described the cellular, sub-cellular and functional characterization of the novel proteins, MKS1 and meckelin, encoded by these genes. The malfunction of this protein","title":"Meckel syndrome"},{"docid":"4797784","text":"was founded in 1984 by four University of Waterloo students, Randall Howard, Alex White, Trevor Thompson and Steve Izma. The company, founded initially as a consulting group, delivered to market its first product, MKS Toolkit, in 1985. In 1987, MKS stepped into the version control market with a product called MKS RCS, which was renamed to MKS Source Integrity in 1992, deciding at that time to put strategic emphasis and focus expansion on the software configuration management marketplace, a segment of what is now known as Application Lifecycle Management (ALM). In 1997 MKS began development of an enterprise version management","title":"MKS Inc."},{"docid":"4408656","text":"to relate to missionary children, and vice versa. While MKs may find the lives of their peers in their passport countries to be boring, sometimes creating challenging social situations, passport country kids may be intimidated by MKs' experience abroad. Cultural miscommunications are common and interesting. While MKs often find it difficult to relate to people from their home culture or target culture, they get along with other MKs very well, even those who are missionaries to (or from) a completely different country. It is the commonality of differences that draws MKs together. MKs tend to be open-minded and tolerant of","title":"Missionary kid"},{"docid":"6873006","text":"Lincoln MKS The Lincoln MKS is a full-sized luxury sedan that was manufactured and marketed by the Lincoln subdivision of Ford from 2009 to 2016. First shown at the LA Auto Show in November 2007, the MKS began production for the 2009 model year at Ford's Chicago Assembly plant in May 2008 with sales beginning a month later. The MKS was the second Lincoln to adopt the \"MK\" nomenclature and the first model to wear it through its entire production run. With the discontinuation of the Lincoln Town Car in 2011, the MKS at 205.6-inches in length became the longest","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"17741429","text":"industry, others are electrical, Construction industry and aviation industry. Dörken MKS is at the beginning of the value chain. At first there are the licensed coating companies and manufacturers of components (Tiers) and at the end are the end users (OEM), such as automobile manufacturers Nevertheless, there is a common interaction between all participants of the value chain, a products have to be developed to fulfill the needs of all players. Dörken MKS-Systeme Dörken MKS-Systeme (Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG)) is an international specialty chemical company headquartered in Herdecke, Germany. It is the European market leader for micro-layer corrosion","title":"Dörken MKS-Systeme"},{"docid":"6873017","text":"( rotors in the front and rotors in the rear) with standard \"AdvanceTrac\" traction control and Roll Stability Control (RSC). Front-wheel drive (FWD) is standard while all-wheel drive (AWD) is optional. In a significant departure from the MKS Concept and past Lincoln flagship sedans, the production MKS does not offer a V8 engine. In the place of the 4.4 L Ford/Yamaha V8 found in the MKS Concept, the production MKS is powered by an all-aluminum 3.7 L Duratec DOHC V6, a larger bore derivative of the Duratec 35 and a member of Ford's Cyclone engine family. The engine was designed","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"15695097","text":"MKS (Switzerland) MKS (Switzerland) SA is a trader of precious metals. Based in Geneva, the group employs approximately 600 workers and turns over an estimated US$70 million. MKS is a member of the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), and its subsidiary PAMP has been on the LBMA’s Gold List, widely recognised in the financial services industry as the indicator of quality, since 1987. As a trading house the company's clients include organisations in the financial services industry, such as banks and fund managers, commodities processors such as gold miners and jewellery manufacturers. MKS subsidiary PAMP SA (Produits Artistiques Metaux Precieux),","title":"MKS (Switzerland)"},{"docid":"14833030","text":"Berkeley County Airport Berkeley County Airport is a county-owned public-use airport in Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States. It is located one nautical mile (1.85 km) southwest of the central business district of Moncks Corner, South Carolina. Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this facility is assigned MKS by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned MKS to Mekane Selam Airport in Ethiopia). Berkeley County Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 73 feet (22 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated","title":"Berkeley County Airport"},{"docid":"4408651","text":"who have spent a significant part of their developmental years outside their parents' culture. TCK is a broad term that encompasses all children who have grown up abroad (i.e. military kids, diplomats' kids, immigrants). Missionary kids are just one of the many categories of kids who qualify as TCKs. Therefore, while all MKs are TCKs, not all TCKs are MKs. In the past MKs usually were thought of only as American or European, but there is a growing number of MKs from other countries, especially Protestant Christian MKs from South Korea and from Latin America. Generally, this term applies to","title":"Missionary kid"},{"docid":"18244619","text":"cosmology of cosmic evolution. When the energy rate density for systems including our galaxy, sun, earth, plants, animals, society are plotted according to when, in historical time, they first emerged, a clear increase in energy rate density over time is observed. This term has in recent years gained many diverse applications in various disciplines, including history, cosmology, economics, philosophy, and behavioral biology. Energy rate density Energy rate density is the amount of free energy per unit time per unit mass (in CGS metric units erg/s/g; in MKS units joule/s/kg). It is terminologically (but not always numerically) equivalent to power density","title":"Energy rate density"},{"docid":"12682074","text":"Roland MKS-80 The Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter is a rack version of Roland Jupiter-8 and Roland Jupiter-6 and an 8-voice polyphonic analog synthesizer that was manufactured by Roland between 1984 and 1987. It is the only of MKS series of synthesizers to have fully analog voltage-controlled oscillators. Contrary to popular belief, the voice architecture is more closely related to the Jupiter-6 synthesizer than the Jupiter-8, the service manual states that \"The module board of MKS-80 features the following in addition to that of JP-6, its brother module. 1) HPF. 2) Low boost circuit in the 2nd VCA. 3) DC supply","title":"Roland MKS-80"},{"docid":"15695100","text":"company produces a complete selection of bullion bars, from 12.5 kilograms to 1 gram and leads the world market for gold bars of 50 grams or less. PAMP also operates in India through MMTC-PAMP, a joint venture between the company and MMTC Ltd. MKS is often quoted as a gold trading expert in the media. Financial media such as Bloomberg, \"Businessweek\", \"Financial Times\", Reuters and the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" have quoted them. MKS (Switzerland) MKS (Switzerland) SA is a trader of precious metals. Based in Geneva, the group employs approximately 600 workers and turns over an estimated US$70 million. MKS","title":"MKS (Switzerland)"},{"docid":"14117765","text":"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is the women's volleyball department of Polish sports club MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza based in Dąbrowa Górnicza and plays in the Orlen Liga. Due to sponsorship, the club have competed under the following names: MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (originally named ) a sports club was founded in 1992 with various sports departments, including volleyball. It started competing with youth teams in regional leagues and due to the popularity of the sport amongst the secondary schools in the town, the club developed quickly and progressed through the lower national leagues until it reached the highest league","title":"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball)"},{"docid":"8154492","text":"there will be a phase difference between the pressure and velocity, so the specific acoustic impedance formula_10 will be different from the characteristic acoustic impedance formula_7. The MKS unit and the CGS unit confusingly have the same name, but not the same value: T. D. Rossing, \"Springer Handbook of Acoustics\", Springer, 2007, p. 60 L. E. Kinsler, A. R. Frey, A. B. Coppens, and J. V. Sanders, \"Fundamentals of Acoustics\", Fourth Edition (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,2000), p. 126 Rayl A Rayl, rayl or Rayleigh is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance or, equivalently, characteristic acoustic","title":"Rayl"},{"docid":"14117766","text":"in 2007. The club was renamed and have won the Polish Cup twice (2011–12, 2012–13) and the Polish Super Cup twice (2012, 2013). The club has also often featured in European competitions since its first appearance in 2009. \"Season 2016–2017, as of February 2017.\" MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is the women's volleyball department of Polish sports club MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza based in Dąbrowa Górnicza and plays in the Orlen Liga. Due to sponsorship, the club have competed under the following names: MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (originally named ) a sports club was founded in 1992 with various sports","title":"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball)"},{"docid":"18746682","text":"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is a Polish professional basketball team based in Dąbrowa Górnicza. The team currently plays in the PLK. The basketball section of MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza was found in 1992. In 2003, the club started acting on the national third level. It played for several years in the 2 Liga, until the team won the championship in 2007–08 and was promoted. The team remained in the 1 Liga for the next 6 seasons. In 2009–10 the team was close to promotion to the PLK but failed to beat Siarka Tarnobrzeg. MKS was offered a spot","title":"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball)"},{"docid":"1424703","text":"been used in industry, specifically, US-based coil-making industries. In Thomas Edison's laboratory Francis Upton was the lead mathematician. Trained with Helmholtz in Germany, he used \"weber\" as the name of the unit of current, modified to \"ampere\" later: Ampere-turn The ampere-turn (At) is the MKS (Metres, Kilograms, Seconds) unit of magnetomotive force (MMF), represented by a direct current of one ampere flowing in a single-turn loop in a vacuum. \"Turns\" refers to the winding number of an electrical conductor composing an inductor. For example, a current of 2 A flowing through a coil of 10 turns produces an MMF of","title":"Ampere-turn"},{"docid":"19967043","text":"OG 90 thru OG 95 sailed combined with their replacement KMS convoys a year later. Slow convoys returning from the Mediterranean to the United Kingdom after Operation Torch were designated MKS replacing the former HG series. The first MKS convoys were ships returning from Operation Torch. MKS 1 sailed from Gibraltar on 21 November 1942, and reached Liverpool on 30 November. Convoy MKS 12 sailed from Bône on 22 April 1943 and merged with convoy SL 128 to be designated SL 128/MKS 12. All subsequent MKS convoys merged with an SL convoy with a similar joint designation until SL 178/MKS","title":"Gibraltar convoys of World War II"},{"docid":"5211988","text":"research firm RetailSails, Apple has the highest sales per square foot, with average in all their stores of $6,050 per square foot annually. Among shopping mall retailers the food court area, considered as a single store, and jewelers post the highest sales per unit area, in the range of $600 per square foot ($6,000/m²). Books and sporting goods are among the lowest. Sales per unit area In retail, sales per unit area is a standard and usually the primary measurement of store success. The unit of area is usually square metres in the metric system or square feet in U.S.","title":"Sales per unit area"},{"docid":"2428386","text":"have the geometric dimension of \"length\". Physical quantities such as angular momentum which can be identified with the magnitude of a bivector have the geometric dimension of \"area\". Here is a table collecting some important physical quantities according to their dimensions in geometrized units. They are listed together with the appropriate conversion factor for SI units. This table can be augmented to include temperature, as indicated above, as well as further derived physical quantities such as various moments. Geometrized unit system A geometrized unit system or geometric unit system is a system of natural units in which the base physical","title":"Geometrized unit system"},{"docid":"11646896","text":"for mark numbers but older aircraft retained their Roman numerals. From 1948 onwards, Arabic numerals were used exclusively. This article adopts the convention of using Roman numerals for the Mks I-XVI and Arabic numerals for the Mks 17–24. \"Type numbers\" e.g.; (type 361) are the drawing board design numbers allocated by Supermarine. Construction of K5054 started in December 1934, with modifications incorporated as construction continued. One major change was to the Merlin engine's cooling system, with the adoption of ethylene glycol coolant together with a ducted radiator based on the work of Frederick Meredith at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough.","title":"Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)"},{"docid":"6873021","text":"direct gasoline injection. The MKS is almost an inch longer than the A8L (long-wheelbase version), an inch wider and five inches (127 mm) taller, has four more cubic feet of trunk space, and extra of torque, while being lighter. The MKS starts at $30,000 less than the base A8. While praised for its large interior and long list of luxury features, the MKS has been criticized for not being as refined as other luxury sedans in a similar price range. It is also noted that the MKS's platform-mate, the Ford Taurus, offers the same powertrain and many available technological features,","title":"Lincoln MKS"},{"docid":"4797790","text":"software development life-cycles. The accolades continued for MKS Integrity with more from the analyst and PR firms: In late 2009 Michael W. Harris was appointed as the company's President and CEO while Philip C. Deck was appointed Executive Chairman and continues his role as Chairman of the Board of Directors. August 23, 2010 Charlie Janes returns to MKS and is appointed Vice President of Sales for North America. In September, 2010, Andrew M. Wertkin was appointed Chief Technology Officer (CTO). November 3, 2010, Michelle Dickey joined MKS as Vice President Federal Sales to spearhead a team for the North American","title":"MKS Inc."},{"docid":"4805913","text":"transmitters. As discussed below, a more relevant measure for wireless networks would be \"system spectral efficiency\" in bit/s/Hz per unit area. However, in closed communication links such as telephone lines and cable TV networks, and in noise-limited wireless communication system where co-channel interference is not a factor, the largest link spectral efficiency that can be supported by the available SNR is generally used. In digital wireless networks, the \"system spectral efficiency\" or area spectral efficiency is typically measured in \"(bit/s)/Hz per unit area\", in \"(bit/s)/Hz per cell\", or in \"(bit/s)/Hz per site\". It is a measure of the quantity of","title":"Spectral efficiency"},{"docid":"5211986","text":"Sales per unit area In retail, sales per unit area is a standard and usually the primary measurement of store success. The unit of area is usually square metres in the metric system or square feet in U.S. customary units. Square feet are also widely used in retailing in the United Kingdom, but there are signs of a trend towards use of square meters. As of 2005 annual store sales in the range of $300 per square foot ($3,000/m²) is considered a respectable result in the United States as the national average for regional malls is $341 per square foot,","title":"Sales per unit area"},{"docid":"5941439","text":"was known as the Pole Erection Unit. The British Armed Forces still use four-wheel drive Bedford MKs – a variant of the TK. Available with four and six-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, the TK was the quintessential light truck in the UK through most of the 1960s and 1970s, competing with the similar Ford D series. It was available in rigid form, and also as a light tractor unit, normally using the Scammell coupling form of trailer attachment. The Bedford KM was a similar vehicle, using the same cab, but with a slightly restyled front end, and was marketed for","title":"Bedford Vehicles"},{"docid":"18746683","text":"in the 2014–15 PLK season as a wild card because of the expansion from 12 to 16 teams. MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is a Polish professional basketball team based in Dąbrowa Górnicza. The team currently plays in the PLK. The basketball section of MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza was found in 1992. In 2003, the club started acting on the national third level. It played for several years in the 2 Liga, until the team won the championship in 2007–08 and was promoted. The team remained in the 1 Liga for the next 6 seasons. In 2009–10 the team","title":"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball)"},{"docid":"10857037","text":"Interdynamics MKS The MKS is a gas-operated, select-fire rifle of the 5.56×45mm NATO caliber and was manufactured in Sweden by Interdynamics AB. It featured a magazine insert that acted as the pistol grip similar to the Uzi submachine gun but was found uncomfortable to handle, therefore it never entered mass production. The MKS was a gas-operated select fire rifle chambered for the 5.56 mm NATO cartridge and was capable of firing around 750/1,100 RPM. It featured rotating barrel locking and was the first gun made by Interdynamics in 1979. Tests in the Philippines proved the gun too uncomfortable for the","title":"Interdynamics MKS"},{"docid":"14567366","text":"is inherited in an autosomal recessive dominance pattern. Both parents of the affected must be heterozygous carriers of the pathogenic variant. Heterozygous carriers for MKS show no symptoms of the disorder, nor can they develop the disorder. Each child of these carriers has a 1/4 chance of being affected by MKS, a 1/2 chance of being carriers themselves, and a 1/4 chance of being unaffected and a non carrier. Clinical findings support the diagnosis of MKS, including identification of biallelic pathogenetic variants. Diagnosis additionally requires ruling out Bardot-Biedl Syndrome. Treatments are available for accompanying symptoms of MKS, including addressing polydactyly","title":"McKusick–Kaufman syndrome"},{"docid":"10857038","text":"average shooter to fire well and it never made it beyond the prototype stage. Interdynamics MKS The MKS is a gas-operated, select-fire rifle of the 5.56×45mm NATO caliber and was manufactured in Sweden by Interdynamics AB. It featured a magazine insert that acted as the pistol grip similar to the Uzi submachine gun but was found uncomfortable to handle, therefore it never entered mass production. The MKS was a gas-operated select fire rifle chambered for the 5.56 mm NATO cartridge and was capable of firing around 750/1,100 RPM. It featured rotating barrel locking and was the first gun made by","title":"Interdynamics MKS"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"9790618\",\n \"text\": \"addition to derived units. An incomplete list of the base and derived units appears below. Since the MKS system of units never had a governing body to rule on a standard definition, the list of units depended on different conventions at different times. In 1901, Giovanni Giorgi proposed to the (AEI) that this system, extended with a fourth unit to be taken from the units of electromagnetism, be used as an international system. This system was strongly promoted by electrical engineer George A. Campbell. MKS system of units The MKS system of units is a physical system of measurement that\",\n \"title\": \"MKS system of units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"370613\",\n \"text\": \"the second of mean solar time as the unit of time.\\\" BAAS formally proposed the CGS system in 1874, although this system was gradually replaced over the next 70 years by MKS units. Both the CGS and MKS systems used the same second as their base unit of time. MKS was adopted internationally during the 1940s, defining the second as of a mean solar day. Some time in the late 1940s, quartz crystal oscillator clocks with an operating frequency of ~100 kHz advanced to keep time with accuracy better than 1 part in 10 over an operating period of a\",\n \"title\": \"Second\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1302870\",\n \"text\": \"was used in the same sense at around the same time, in the 4th century, and survived in this sense into Medieval Greek, while the Latin term did not remain current in Medieval Latin and was recovered in Renaissance scholarship. The gram was the fundamental unit of mass in the 19th-century centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). The CGS system co-existed with the MKS system of units, first proposed in 1901, during much of the 20th century, but the gram has been displaced by the kilogram as the fundamental unit for mass when the MKS system was chosen for the SI\",\n \"title\": \"Gram\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4797785\",\n \"text\": \"system that formed the underlying architecture of the MKS Integrity ALM product offered today. This initiative was further realized in 1999 when MKS invested the bulk of its R&D efforts towards re-designing MKS Source Integrity as a multi-tier Java EE platform to address the needs of large enterprise installations. In 1998 MKS purchased the Implementer product and division of Silvon Software, based out of Chicago, Illinois, to add AS/400 support to its ALM product line. Continuing with acquisitions, in 1999 the Interoperability Business Unit merged with DataFocus Inc., a long time OEM partner, and was charged with the evolution of\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15597364\",\n \"text\": \"MKS system of units. In accordance with astronomical observations, the second was set as a fraction of the year 1900. The electromagnetic base unit as required by Giorgi was accepted as the ampere. After negotiations with the CIS and IUPAP, two further base units, the degree kelvin and the candela were also proposed as base units. For the first time the CGPM made recommendations concerning derived units. At the same time the CGPM adopted conventions for the writing and printing of unit symbols and numbers and catalogued the symbols for the most important MKS and CGS units of measure. Until\",\n \"title\": \"History of the metric system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17741426\",\n \"text\": \"exclusively products in Herdecke. Since the year 2000 Dörken MKS started to open up local offices. Today, there are many offices in the U.S., China, South Korea, and locally working product managers in most European countries as well as in India, Taiwan and Brazil. Since 2002, Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG is an independent business unit of Ewald Dörken AG. In the year 2010 Dörken has acquired a small company specialized in surface treatment, the LP-Oberflächntechnik GmbH (Schalksmüle). Zinc flake coatings Zinc flake coating normally consist of a basecoat and topcoat, this is called a modular system. A basecoat\",\n \"title\": \"Dörken MKS-Systeme\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"275989\",\n \"text\": \"unit symbols and of numbers. The recommendation also catalogued the recommended symbols for the most important MKS and CGS units of measure and for the first time the CGPM made recommendations concerning derived units. The CIPM's draft proposal, which was an extensive revision and simplification of the metric unit definitions, symbols and terminology based on the MKS system of units, was put to the 10th CGPM in 1954. In the proposal the CIPM recommended that the ampere be the base unit from which electromechanical standards would be derived. After negotiations with the CIS and IUPAP, two further base units, the\",\n \"title\": \"Metre Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15597360\",\n \"text\": \"least the next 60 years. The advantages were several: it had a variegated set of derived units which, while not quite coherent, were at least homologous; the MKS system lacked a defined unit of electromagnetism at all; the MKS units were inconveniently large for the sciences; customary systems of measures held sway in the United States, Britain and the British empire, and even to some extent in France the birthplace of the metric system, which inhibited adoption of any competing system. Finally, war, nationalism and other political forces inhibited development of the science favouring a coherent system of units. At\",\n \"title\": \"History of the metric system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12682076\",\n \"text\": \"CEM3340 VCO integrated circuit. The unit also includes one voltage controlled filter (VCF) and one voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) per voice. The MKS-80 has a 64 patch internal memory (8 banks of 8 patches each) along with an optional memory cartridge called the M-64C with room for another 128 (2 banks of 64 each). A full MIDI implementation is built into the MKS-80, with MIDI IN, OUT and THRU jacks positioned at the rear of the unit. The MPG-80 is the optional programmer designed specifically for the MKS-80, providing direct access to the majority of the MKS-80's features. The MPG-80\",\n \"title\": \"Roland MKS-80\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2936768\",\n \"text\": \"mmf is the ampere, the same as the unit of current (analogously the units of emf and voltage are both the volt). Informally, and frequently, this unit is stated as the ampere-turn to avoid confusion with current. This was the unit name in the MKS system. Occasionally, the cgs system unit of the gilbert may also be encountered. The term \\\"magnetomotive force\\\" was coined by Henry Augustus Rowland in 1880. Rowland intended this to indicate a direct analogy with electromotive force. The idea of a magnetic analogy to electromotive force can be found much earlier in the work of Michael\",\n \"title\": \"Magnetomotive force\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14831087\",\n \"text\": \"of electromagnetism and in quantity calculus, it became apparent that a coherent absolute system of units could only include one electromagnetic base unit. The first such system was proposed by Giorgi in 1901: it used the ohm as the additional base unit in the MKS system, and so is often referred to as the MKSΩ system or the Giorgi system. An additional problem with the CGS system of electrical units, pointed out as early as 1882 by Oliver Heaviside, was that they were not \\\"rationalized\\\", that is they failed to properly take account of permittivity and permeability as properties of\",\n \"title\": \"International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4797791\",\n \"text\": \"Government market. On May 31, 2011, it was announced that PTC had completed the acquisition of MKS and that MKS would operate as the Integrity Business Unit of PTC going forward. By mid 2017 all development staff working on former MKS products are laid off, only tiny support staff is left to support now legacy Integrity software. MKS Inc. MKS, Inc (formerly called Mortice Kern Systems) is a subsidiary of PTC, Inc. It was previously a multinational independent software vendor that was acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation (now PTC) on May 31, 2011. MKS operated in the Application Lifecycle Management\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"219864\",\n \"text\": \"gram as the fundamental unit of mass and the \\\"kilogram\\\" simply as a derived unit. In 1901, however, following the discoveries by James Clerk Maxwell to the effect that electric measurements could not be explained in terms of the three fundamental units of length, mass and time, Giovanni Giorgi proposed a new standard system that would include a fourth fundamental unit to measure quantities in electromagnetism. In 1935 this was adopted by the IEC as the \\\"Giorgi system\\\", now also known as MKS system, and in 1946 the CIPM approved a proposal to adopt the ampere as the electromagnetic unit\",\n \"title\": \"Kilogram\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18244617\",\n \"text\": \"Energy rate density Energy rate density is the amount of free energy per unit time per unit mass (in CGS metric units erg/s/g; in MKS units joule/s/kg). It is terminologically (but not always numerically) equivalent to power density when measured in SI units of W/kg. Regardless of the units used, energy rate density describes the flow of energy through any system of given mass, and has been proposed as a measure of system complexity. The more complex the system, the more energy flows per second through each gram. Energy rate density is actually a general term that is equivalent to\",\n \"title\": \"Energy rate density\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12682075\",\n \"text\": \"current boost circuit (IC50).\\\" The unit is fully capable of producing most of the Jupiter-8's signature sounds, in addition to many sounds unique to the MKS-80. In February 1985, Roland started producing a new revision of MKS-80, known as \\\"Rev 5\\\", that had no ties with any previous Jupiter's hardware, as it used a new generation of both Roland VCO's, VCA's and filter. The Rev 5 filter was also used in JX-8P, JX-10 and MKS-70 synthesizers. The voice architecture of the MKS-80 is fully analog with 8 polyphonic voices with 2 voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) per voice, using the Curtis\",\n \"title\": \"Roland MKS-80\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4797783\",\n \"text\": \"MKS Inc. MKS, Inc (formerly called Mortice Kern Systems) is a subsidiary of PTC, Inc. It was previously a multinational independent software vendor that was acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation (now PTC) on May 31, 2011. MKS operated in the Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) and Systems Administration market segments. Integrity, a PTC Product manages systems and software development processes and connects engineering artifacts, including requirements, models, code and test, ensuring comprehensive lifecycle traceability. PTC's Integrity Business Unit supports customers across these four core industries: Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, High Tech Electronics and Medical Devices. Previously named Mortice Kern Systems, MKS\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17741425\",\n \"text\": \"Dörken MKS-Systeme Dörken MKS-Systeme (Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG)) is an international specialty chemical company headquartered in Herdecke, Germany. It is the European market leader for micro-layer corrosion protection systems and is represented in more than 150 countries worldwide. The Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG was founded in 1980 in Herdecke. The start was with the production and distribution of a micro-layer corrosion protection system for a high-performance but heavy metal-free surface protection, from the beginning without the carcinogenic Chromium VI. Originally, small parts were coated with Zinc flake coating and organic topcoats. Dörken MKS-Systeme has always been\",\n \"title\": \"Dörken MKS-Systeme\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"248945\",\n \"text\": \"do not create confusion because the context is usually sufficient—one being a volume, the others linear or angular measurement. The abbreviation cc (for cubic centimetre, equal to a millilitre or mL) is a unit of the cgs system, that preceded the MKS system, that later evolved into the SI system. The abbreviation cc is still commonly used in many fields including medical dosage and sizing for small combustion engine displacement, such as those used in motorcycles. The microlitre (μL) has been known in the past as the lambda (λ), but this usage is now discouraged. In the medical field the\",\n \"title\": \"Litre\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3660370\",\n \"text\": \"equivalent is in SI base units). Units used: In the production of the Lorentz force, the difference between electric fields and magnetic fields is that a force from a magnetic field on a charged particle is generally due to the charged particle's movement, while the force imparted by an electric field on a charged particle is not due to the charged particle's movement. This may be appreciated by looking at the units for each. The unit of electric field in the MKS system of units is newtons per coulomb, N/C, while the magnetic field (in teslas) can be written as\",\n \"title\": \"Tesla (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2936720\",\n \"text\": \"a point mass of mass \\\"M\\\" can be defined as the work \\\"W\\\" that needs to be done by an external agent to bring the unit mass in from infinity to that point: where \\\"G\\\" is the gravitational constant, and F is the gravitational force. The potential has units of energy per unit mass, e.g., J/kg in the MKS system. By convention, it is always negative where it is defined, and as \\\"x\\\" tends to infinity, it approaches zero. The gravitational field, and thus the acceleration of a small body in the space around the massive object, is the negative\",\n \"title\": \"Gravitational potential\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9771200\",\n \"text\": \"product as needed by the market and its customers. MKS X/Server is available as a standalone product, bundled with various versions of the MKS Toolkit product and available as a runtime option to UNIX/Linux applications ported to Windows using the MKS Toolkit for Enterprise Developers application. MKS X/Server MKS X/Server, a commercial X server developed by MKS Inc., allows users to access Unix/Linux systems from a PC computers which run a Microsoft Windows operating system. The product offers both a full 32-bit X server and a native 64-bit X server (for x64 based systems) that operate on various versions of\",\n \"title\": \"MKS X/Server\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873020\",\n \"text\": \"such as auto high beam, adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning, blind spot information system with cross-traffic alert, and lane-keeping system. The new MKS also grew slightly in overall length to , making it the longest domestic production sedan. A reviewer from Canada's National Post gave the MKS a positive reception in a comparison test with the Cadillac STS and Infiniti M45, two cars that Ford picked to bring along. The MKS has dimensions comparable to the 2010 Audi A8 4.2 FSI quattro, a sedan with all-wheel drive which is equipped with a naturally aspirated 4.2 L V8 engine with\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9771199\",\n \"text\": \"MKS X/Server MKS X/Server, a commercial X server developed by MKS Inc., allows users to access Unix/Linux systems from a PC computers which run a Microsoft Windows operating system. The product offers both a full 32-bit X server and a native 64-bit X server (for x64 based systems) that operate on various versions of Microsoft Windows. Since 1995 MKS has distributed the SCO/Tarantella XVision Eclipse PC X server product to its customer base as part of its MKS Toolkit product line. In 2006 MKS acquired the source code rights XVision giving the company the ability to maintain and enhance the\",\n \"title\": \"MKS X/Server\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3252675\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Giorgi system\\\". Also in 1935, TC1 passed responsibility for \\\"electric and magnetic magnitudes and units\\\" to the new TC24. This \\\"led eventually to the universal adoption of the Giorgi system, which unified electromagnetic units with the MKS dimensional system of units, the whole now known simply as the SI system (Système International d’unités).\\\" In 1938, TC24 \\\"recommended as a connecting link [from mechanical to electrical units] the permeability of free space with the value of \\\"µ\\\" = 4π H/m. This group also recognized that any one of the practical units already in use (ohm, ampere, volt, henry, farad, coulomb, and\",\n \"title\": \"Weber (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20742191\",\n \"text\": \"MKS Przasnysz MKS Przasnysz is a Polish football club, based in Przasnysz, Masovian Voivodeship. The club's colors are white and blue. The club currently competes in the Polish \\\"IV liga\\\". The club was founded in 1923. Its initial name, in place until 1939, was \\\"Węgierka\\\", after the local river. In 1945, following World War II, the club was reactivated as \\\"Zryw\\\" and renamed \\\"Związkowiec\\\" shortly afterwards. For the 1951-1955 period, the club returned to its original name. In 1955, the name \\\"Start\\\" was adopted which was changed to \\\"LZS Grom\\\" in 1964. At that time, a military unit was established\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Przasnysz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14671910\",\n \"text\": \"PTC Integrity PTC Integrity Lifecycle Manager (formerly \\\"MKS Integrity\\\") is a software system lifecycle management (SSLM) and application lifecycle management (ALM) platform developed by MKS Inc. and was first released in 2001. The software is client/server, with both desktop (java/swing) and web client interfaces. It provides software development organizations with a collaborative environment in which they can manage the end-to-end processes of development, from requirements management, engineering change management, revision control, and build management to test management and software deployment as well as associated reports & metrics. MKS Integrity is now a PTC product since the acquisition of MKS Inc.\",\n \"title\": \"PTC Integrity\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873012\",\n \"text\": \"The front fascia of the production version received a new grille, a chrome, split-wing design. The trapezoidal-shaped chrome exhaust tips of the MKS Concept were replaced with more common circular chrome tips.<ref name=\\\"int/ext\\\"></ref> The production MKS uses leather seating surfaces, thermoplastic olefin door and interior panels, as well as leatherette for the top of the dashboard. The maple wood instrument panel applique from the concept car was replaced with olive-ash or ebony wood. The MKS was the first series production Lincoln with radar autonomous cruise control system. Other features include intelligent access system with a push button start, a keyless\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873010\",\n \"text\": \"device connectivity, a DVD-based navigation system, a 14-speaker, 500-watt audio system, a passive entry system that identifies the driver and allows starting the vehicle by carrying its key fob, and a push button ignition system. Safety was provided by dual front airbags, driver and passenger side airbags, and side curtain airbags. The MKS Concept was based on Ford's front-wheel drive, Volvo-derived D3 Automobile platform that was already in use in the then-Ford Five Hundred, Ford Freestyle, and Mercury Montego (the version used for the MKS in particular was coded \\\"D385\\\"). It has independent suspension with MacPherson struts and rearward-facing lower\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"92164\",\n \"text\": \"have the same units in free space and there is a lot of potential for confusion when converting published measurements from cgs to MKS. The units gram and centimetre remain useful \\\"as prefixed units\\\" within the SI system, especially for instructional physics and chemistry experiments, where they match the small scale of table-top setups. However, where derived units are needed, the SI ones are generally used and taught instead of the CGS ones today. For example, a physics lab course might ask students to record lengths in centimetres, and masses in grams, but force (a derived unit) in newtons, a\",\n \"title\": \"Centimetre–gram–second system of units\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"575415\",\n \"text\": \"decahecto-, a workaround also in use prior to the SI, leaving no way to name those orders of magnitude. 10 was represented using various \\\"ad hoc\\\" solutions; 100 000 meters composed a grade, 100 000 pascals composed a bar, and 100 000 dynes composed a newton; most of these conversions stem from compatible units that were used in the SI (and its predecessor, MKS) and the CGS system of units. Meteorologists currently use a unit of 100 000 seconds (a quantity on the order of a day) to quantify atmospheric vorticity at the synoptic scale; the unit, however, does not\",\n \"title\": \"Metric time\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873016\",\n \"text\": \"accomplish the parallel parking task, will be available in mid-2009 as an option on the 2010 MKS. This feature is accomplished by using software control of the Electric Power Steering (EPS) system. The production MKS rides on Ford's D3 platform. The MKS features an independent suspension with MacPherson struts and rearward-facing lower L-arms with a stabilizer bar in the front and a multilink coil over shock setup with stamped steel lower control arms and cast upper control arms in the rear; \\\"Lincoln Drive Control\\\" with continuously controlled damping (CCD) available as optional feature. The car features four-wheel antilock disc brakes\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14789794\",\n \"text\": \"switched the focus of the campaign to the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic routes, reasoning these would be softer targets. To this end he established the \\\"wolfpack\\\" \\\"Schill\\\" off the coast of Portugal, to intercept convoys sailing to and from Gibraltar, Mediterranean and South Atlantic. For the Allies, the success of Operation Torch and the re-opening of the Mediterranean to Allied traffic had led to the Allied convoy system in this area being re-organized. The previous OG/HG series to Gibraltar had been discontinued, to be replaced by the MKS/KMS series of ships to and from the Mediterranean. The OS/SL series to\",\n \"title\": \"Convoy SL 138/MKS 28\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1308008\",\n \"text\": \"stroke is complete, leading to \\\"engine knocking\\\". This can damage engine components and will decrease the brake horsepower of the engine. The power produced by the Otto cycle is the energy developed per unit of time. The Otto engines are called four-stroke engines. The intake stroke and compression stroke require one rotation of the engine crankshaft. The power stroke and exhaust stroke require another rotation. For two rotations there is one work generating stroke. From the above cycle analysis the net work produced by the system : If the units used were MKS the cycle would have produced one joule\",\n \"title\": \"Otto cycle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14671915\",\n \"text\": \"Manager, Implementer (for IBM i) and others. These were consolidated under a single brand, with the release of MKS Integrity 2007 in July 2007, which was acquired by PTC and finally renamed to PTC Integrity in 2011. PTC Integrity PTC Integrity Lifecycle Manager (formerly \\\"MKS Integrity\\\") is a software system lifecycle management (SSLM) and application lifecycle management (ALM) platform developed by MKS Inc. and was first released in 2001. The software is client/server, with both desktop (java/swing) and web client interfaces. It provides software development organizations with a collaborative environment in which they can manage the end-to-end processes of development,\",\n \"title\": \"PTC Integrity\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873011\",\n \"text\": \"L-arms with a stabilizer bar in the front and a multilink coil over shock setup with a stabilizer bar in the rear. The MKS Concept featured an active all-wheel drive system. Powering the MKS Concept was a Ford/Yamaha 4.4 L DOHC V8 producing 315 hp (235 kW) at 4500 rpm and 320 lb·ft (433 N·m) of torque at 3000 rpm. The engine was mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission. The production version of the Lincoln MKS was unveiled to the public in November 2007 at the LA Auto Show. Sales began in the summer of 2008 as a 2009 model.\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4797786\",\n \"text\": \"the MKS Toolkit and N\\\"u\\\"TCRACKER products. In the 1999–2000 timeframe, the company also embarked on a web content management strategy with the launch of a product called Web Integrity. This precipitated a spin-off strategy, resulting in the formation of a company called Vertical Sky. This short-lived venture was not successful, and the company abandoned its content management product and regrouped and rebuilt under the MKS brand name in 2001. In 2001, following the company's restructuring and refinancing, MKS shifted its primary focus to the enterprise market, expanding from its desktop-based version control and defect tracking system to the multi-tier software\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4797787\",\n \"text\": \"change and configuration management (SCM) system it had been developing technically since 1997. The new product, now known as MKS Integrity, had a Java EE foundation and was brought to market in June, 2001. Since that time, the company has expanded feature sets beyond SCM, into what is now called in the marketplace, Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), with the incorporation of requirements management and release management in 2005, and test management and portfolio management in 2006. As of 2006, the ALM revenues for the company constitute over 80% of the annual revenues (). In late 2005 MKS opened an office\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3914628\",\n \"text\": \"List MP A list MP is a member of parliament (MP) who is elected from a party list rather than from a geographical constituency. Their presence in Parliament is owed to the number of votes that their party won, not to votes received by the MP personally. This occurs only in countries which have an electoral system based on party-list proportional representation. In some countries, seats in the chamber are filled solely in accordance with the share of votes won by each individual party. Thus, in Israel, all Members of the Knesset (MKs) are list members. Under this system, MKs\",\n \"title\": \"List MP\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10220865\",\n \"text\": \"of the EEC had been using the metric system for a hundred years or more. During that time the metric system had undergone a number of changes, particularly in science and engineering. Some industries were based on the CGS variant of the metric system and other on the MKS variant. In 1960, the CGPM published the International System of Units (SI), a coherent version of the metric system based on the MKS variant. Directive 71/354/EEC sought to rationalise the system of units within the EEC by standardising on SI. The directive catalogued the units of measure that were permitted for\",\n \"title\": \"European units of measurement directives\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"114251\",\n \"text\": \"de Bazán\\\"-class destroyer. They will also use the AEGIS Combat System. The first unit, , was commissioned on 23 September 2017. In addition, six multi-mission surface combat ships are planned under the name 'Mehrzweckkampfschiff 180' (MKS 180), which will have destroyer-size and corresponding capabilities A number of countries have destroyers preserved as museum ships. These include: Destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller powerful short-range attackers. They were originally developed in the late 19th century as a defense\",\n \"title\": \"Destroyer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1986309\",\n \"text\": \"many calls to be made for its redefinition, and in 1962 it was redefined. The definition of the roentgen had the advantage over the gray of being simpler to measure, but the gray is independent of the primary ionizing radiation. The CCU decided to define the SI unit of absorbed radiation in terms of energy per unit mass, which in MKS units was J/kg. This was confirmed in 1975 by the 15th CGPM, and the unit was named the \\\"gray\\\" in honour of Louis Harold Gray, who had died in 1965. The gray was equal to 100 rad. The adoption\",\n \"title\": \"Gray (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13630475\",\n \"text\": \"1962 it was redefined. The CCU decided to define the SI unit of absorbed radiation in terms of energy per unit mass, which in MKS units was J/kg. This was confirmed in 1975 by the 15th CGPM, and the unit was named the \\\"gray\\\" in honour of Louis Harold Gray, who had died in 1965. The gray was equal to 100 rad. The definition of the roentgen had had the attraction of being relatively simple to define for photons in air, but the gray is independent of the primary ionizing radiation type, and can be used for both kerma and\",\n \"title\": \"Roentgen (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5927799\",\n \"text\": \"the resulting equation The unit of gaussian charge, the statcoulomb, is such that two units, a distance of 1 centimetre apart, repel each other with a force equal to the cgs unit of force, the dyne. Thus the unit of gaussian charge can also be written 1 dyne cm. \\\"Gaussian electric charge\\\" is not the same mathematical quantity as modern (MKS and subsequently the SI) electric charge and is not measured in coulombs. The idea subsequently developed that it would be better, in situations of spherical geometry, to include a factor 4π in equations like Coulomb's law, and write it\",\n \"title\": \"Vacuum permittivity\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873022\",\n \"text\": \"starting at an MSRP of $10,000 less than the MKS. Due to declining sales, the Lincoln MKS was replaced by a new car based on the Lincoln Continental concept in 2016. The Chicago Assembly Plant where the MKS was produced continues to manufacture the Ford Taurus, Ford Explorer, and Police Interceptor vehicles. Lincoln MKS The Lincoln MKS is a full-sized luxury sedan that was manufactured and marketed by the Lincoln subdivision of Ford from 2009 to 2016. First shown at the LA Auto Show in November 2007, the MKS began production for the 2009 model year at Ford's Chicago Assembly\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12682077\",\n \"text\": \"connects to the MKS-80 via the Controller port using a special cable. When used with an MPG-80, the MKS-80's MIDI IN port is not used in favor of the MIDI IN on the MPG-80. The Factory Presets were created by Eric Persing and Dan Desousa Roland MKS-80 The Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter is a rack version of Roland Jupiter-8 and Roland Jupiter-6 and an 8-voice polyphonic analog synthesizer that was manufactured by Roland between 1984 and 1987. It is the only of MKS series of synthesizers to have fully analog voltage-controlled oscillators. Contrary to popular belief, the voice architecture is\",\n \"title\": \"Roland MKS-80\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8154490\",\n \"text\": \"Rayl A Rayl, rayl or Rayleigh is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance or, equivalently, characteristic acoustic impedance; one an MKS unit, and the other a CGS unit. The units are named after John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, and not to be confused with the rayleigh unit of photon flux, used to measure airglow, and named after his son, Robert John Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh. It has the same dimensions as momentum per volume. When sound waves pass through any physical substance the pressure of the waves causes the particles of the substance to move. The sound\",\n \"title\": \"Rayl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8210895\",\n \"text\": \"had included the MKS Toolkit since 1994 as part of its Unix compatibility technology. The MKS Toolkit was also licensed by Microsoft for the first two versions of their Windows Services for Unix, but later dropped in favor of Interix after Microsoft purchased the latter company. Version 10.0 was current . The MKS Toolkit products offer functionality in the following areas: MKS Toolkit products support all IA-32 and x64 of the Microsoft Windows operating systems. There is some loss of functionality running IA-32 versions on Windows 9x. Earlier versions ran on MS-DOS and compatible operating systems. MKS Toolkit MKS Toolkit\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Toolkit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8210894\",\n \"text\": \"MKS Toolkit MKS Toolkit is a software package produced and maintained by PTC that provides a Unix-like environment for scripting, connectivity and porting Unix and Linux software to Microsoft Windows. It was originally created for MS-DOS, and OS/2 versions were released up to version 4.4. Several editions of each version, such as MKS Toolkit for developers, power users, enterprise developers and interoperability are available, with the enterprise developer edition being the most complete. Before PTC, MKS Toolkit was owned by MKS Inc. In 1999, MKS acquired a company based in Fairfax, Virginia, USA called Datafocus Inc. The Datafocus product N\\\"u\\\"TCRACKER\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Toolkit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14812101\",\n \"text\": \"Microsoft provides MKS Inc.'s ksh implementation \\\"MKS Korn shell\\\" for Windows through their Services for UNIX add-on. Since 2001, the Macintosh operating system is based on a variation of Unix called Darwin. On these computers, users can access a Unix-like command-line interface called Terminal found in the Applications Utilities folder. This terminal uses bash by default. A CLI is used whenever a large vocabulary of commands or queries, coupled with a wide (or arbitrary) range of options, can be entered more rapidly as text than with a pure GUI. This is typically the case with . CLIs are also used\",\n \"title\": \"Command-line interface\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9695034\",\n \"text\": \"Meckel syndrome Meckel syndrome (also known as Meckel–Gruber syndrome, Gruber syndrome, dysencephalia splanchnocystica) is a rare, lethal, ciliopathic, genetic disorder, characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations (occipital encephalocele), polydactyly (post axial), hepatic developmental defects, and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios. Meckel–Gruber syndrome is named for Johann Meckel and Georg Gruber. Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation. Recently, two MKS genes, MKS1 and MKS3, have been identified. A study done recently has described the cellular, sub-cellular and functional characterization of the novel proteins, MKS1 and meckelin, encoded by these genes. The malfunction of this protein\",\n \"title\": \"Meckel syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4797784\",\n \"text\": \"was founded in 1984 by four University of Waterloo students, Randall Howard, Alex White, Trevor Thompson and Steve Izma. The company, founded initially as a consulting group, delivered to market its first product, MKS Toolkit, in 1985. In 1987, MKS stepped into the version control market with a product called MKS RCS, which was renamed to MKS Source Integrity in 1992, deciding at that time to put strategic emphasis and focus expansion on the software configuration management marketplace, a segment of what is now known as Application Lifecycle Management (ALM). In 1997 MKS began development of an enterprise version management\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4408656\",\n \"text\": \"to relate to missionary children, and vice versa. While MKs may find the lives of their peers in their passport countries to be boring, sometimes creating challenging social situations, passport country kids may be intimidated by MKs' experience abroad. Cultural miscommunications are common and interesting. While MKs often find it difficult to relate to people from their home culture or target culture, they get along with other MKs very well, even those who are missionaries to (or from) a completely different country. It is the commonality of differences that draws MKs together. MKs tend to be open-minded and tolerant of\",\n \"title\": \"Missionary kid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873006\",\n \"text\": \"Lincoln MKS The Lincoln MKS is a full-sized luxury sedan that was manufactured and marketed by the Lincoln subdivision of Ford from 2009 to 2016. First shown at the LA Auto Show in November 2007, the MKS began production for the 2009 model year at Ford's Chicago Assembly plant in May 2008 with sales beginning a month later. The MKS was the second Lincoln to adopt the \\\"MK\\\" nomenclature and the first model to wear it through its entire production run. With the discontinuation of the Lincoln Town Car in 2011, the MKS at 205.6-inches in length became the longest\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17741429\",\n \"text\": \"industry, others are electrical, Construction industry and aviation industry. Dörken MKS is at the beginning of the value chain. At first there are the licensed coating companies and manufacturers of components (Tiers) and at the end are the end users (OEM), such as automobile manufacturers Nevertheless, there is a common interaction between all participants of the value chain, a products have to be developed to fulfill the needs of all players. Dörken MKS-Systeme Dörken MKS-Systeme (Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG)) is an international specialty chemical company headquartered in Herdecke, Germany. It is the European market leader for micro-layer corrosion\",\n \"title\": \"Dörken MKS-Systeme\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873017\",\n \"text\": \"( rotors in the front and rotors in the rear) with standard \\\"AdvanceTrac\\\" traction control and Roll Stability Control (RSC). Front-wheel drive (FWD) is standard while all-wheel drive (AWD) is optional. In a significant departure from the MKS Concept and past Lincoln flagship sedans, the production MKS does not offer a V8 engine. In the place of the 4.4 L Ford/Yamaha V8 found in the MKS Concept, the production MKS is powered by an all-aluminum 3.7 L Duratec DOHC V6, a larger bore derivative of the Duratec 35 and a member of Ford's Cyclone engine family. The engine was designed\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15695097\",\n \"text\": \"MKS (Switzerland) MKS (Switzerland) SA is a trader of precious metals. Based in Geneva, the group employs approximately 600 workers and turns over an estimated US$70 million. MKS is a member of the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), and its subsidiary PAMP has been on the LBMA’s Gold List, widely recognised in the financial services industry as the indicator of quality, since 1987. As a trading house the company's clients include organisations in the financial services industry, such as banks and fund managers, commodities processors such as gold miners and jewellery manufacturers. MKS subsidiary PAMP SA (Produits Artistiques Metaux Precieux),\",\n \"title\": \"MKS (Switzerland)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14833030\",\n \"text\": \"Berkeley County Airport Berkeley County Airport is a county-owned public-use airport in Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States. It is located one nautical mile (1.85 km) southwest of the central business district of Moncks Corner, South Carolina. Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this facility is assigned MKS by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned MKS to Mekane Selam Airport in Ethiopia). Berkeley County Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 73 feet (22 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated\",\n \"title\": \"Berkeley County Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4408651\",\n \"text\": \"who have spent a significant part of their developmental years outside their parents' culture. TCK is a broad term that encompasses all children who have grown up abroad (i.e. military kids, diplomats' kids, immigrants). Missionary kids are just one of the many categories of kids who qualify as TCKs. Therefore, while all MKs are TCKs, not all TCKs are MKs. In the past MKs usually were thought of only as American or European, but there is a growing number of MKs from other countries, especially Protestant Christian MKs from South Korea and from Latin America. Generally, this term applies to\",\n \"title\": \"Missionary kid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18244619\",\n \"text\": \"cosmology of cosmic evolution. When the energy rate density for systems including our galaxy, sun, earth, plants, animals, society are plotted according to when, in historical time, they first emerged, a clear increase in energy rate density over time is observed. This term has in recent years gained many diverse applications in various disciplines, including history, cosmology, economics, philosophy, and behavioral biology. Energy rate density Energy rate density is the amount of free energy per unit time per unit mass (in CGS metric units erg/s/g; in MKS units joule/s/kg). It is terminologically (but not always numerically) equivalent to power density\",\n \"title\": \"Energy rate density\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12682074\",\n \"text\": \"Roland MKS-80 The Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter is a rack version of Roland Jupiter-8 and Roland Jupiter-6 and an 8-voice polyphonic analog synthesizer that was manufactured by Roland between 1984 and 1987. It is the only of MKS series of synthesizers to have fully analog voltage-controlled oscillators. Contrary to popular belief, the voice architecture is more closely related to the Jupiter-6 synthesizer than the Jupiter-8, the service manual states that \\\"The module board of MKS-80 features the following in addition to that of JP-6, its brother module. 1) HPF. 2) Low boost circuit in the 2nd VCA. 3) DC supply\",\n \"title\": \"Roland MKS-80\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15695100\",\n \"text\": \"company produces a complete selection of bullion bars, from 12.5 kilograms to 1 gram and leads the world market for gold bars of 50 grams or less. PAMP also operates in India through MMTC-PAMP, a joint venture between the company and MMTC Ltd. MKS is often quoted as a gold trading expert in the media. Financial media such as Bloomberg, \\\"Businessweek\\\", \\\"Financial Times\\\", Reuters and the \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\" have quoted them. MKS (Switzerland) MKS (Switzerland) SA is a trader of precious metals. Based in Geneva, the group employs approximately 600 workers and turns over an estimated US$70 million. MKS\",\n \"title\": \"MKS (Switzerland)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14117765\",\n \"text\": \"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is the women's volleyball department of Polish sports club MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza based in Dąbrowa Górnicza and plays in the Orlen Liga. Due to sponsorship, the club have competed under the following names: MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (originally named ) a sports club was founded in 1992 with various sports departments, including volleyball. It started competing with youth teams in regional leagues and due to the popularity of the sport amongst the secondary schools in the town, the club developed quickly and progressed through the lower national leagues until it reached the highest league\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8154492\",\n \"text\": \"there will be a phase difference between the pressure and velocity, so the specific acoustic impedance formula_10 will be different from the characteristic acoustic impedance formula_7. The MKS unit and the CGS unit confusingly have the same name, but not the same value: T. D. Rossing, \\\"Springer Handbook of Acoustics\\\", Springer, 2007, p. 60 L. E. Kinsler, A. R. Frey, A. B. Coppens, and J. V. Sanders, \\\"Fundamentals of Acoustics\\\", Fourth Edition (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,2000), p. 126 Rayl A Rayl, rayl or Rayleigh is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance or, equivalently, characteristic acoustic\",\n \"title\": \"Rayl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14117766\",\n \"text\": \"in 2007. The club was renamed and have won the Polish Cup twice (2011–12, 2012–13) and the Polish Super Cup twice (2012, 2013). The club has also often featured in European competitions since its first appearance in 2009. \\\"Season 2016–2017, as of February 2017.\\\" MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is the women's volleyball department of Polish sports club MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza based in Dąbrowa Górnicza and plays in the Orlen Liga. Due to sponsorship, the club have competed under the following names: MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (originally named ) a sports club was founded in 1992 with various sports\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (volleyball)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18746682\",\n \"text\": \"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is a Polish professional basketball team based in Dąbrowa Górnicza. The team currently plays in the PLK. The basketball section of MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza was found in 1992. In 2003, the club started acting on the national third level. It played for several years in the 2 Liga, until the team won the championship in 2007–08 and was promoted. The team remained in the 1 Liga for the next 6 seasons. In 2009–10 the team was close to promotion to the PLK but failed to beat Siarka Tarnobrzeg. MKS was offered a spot\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1424703\",\n \"text\": \"been used in industry, specifically, US-based coil-making industries. In Thomas Edison's laboratory Francis Upton was the lead mathematician. Trained with Helmholtz in Germany, he used \\\"weber\\\" as the name of the unit of current, modified to \\\"ampere\\\" later: Ampere-turn The ampere-turn (At) is the MKS (Metres, Kilograms, Seconds) unit of magnetomotive force (MMF), represented by a direct current of one ampere flowing in a single-turn loop in a vacuum. \\\"Turns\\\" refers to the winding number of an electrical conductor composing an inductor. For example, a current of 2 A flowing through a coil of 10 turns produces an MMF of\",\n \"title\": \"Ampere-turn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19967043\",\n \"text\": \"OG 90 thru OG 95 sailed combined with their replacement KMS convoys a year later. Slow convoys returning from the Mediterranean to the United Kingdom after Operation Torch were designated MKS replacing the former HG series. The first MKS convoys were ships returning from Operation Torch. MKS 1 sailed from Gibraltar on 21 November 1942, and reached Liverpool on 30 November. Convoy MKS 12 sailed from Bône on 22 April 1943 and merged with convoy SL 128 to be designated SL 128/MKS 12. All subsequent MKS convoys merged with an SL convoy with a similar joint designation until SL 178/MKS\",\n \"title\": \"Gibraltar convoys of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5211988\",\n \"text\": \"research firm RetailSails, Apple has the highest sales per square foot, with average in all their stores of $6,050 per square foot annually. Among shopping mall retailers the food court area, considered as a single store, and jewelers post the highest sales per unit area, in the range of $600 per square foot ($6,000/m²). Books and sporting goods are among the lowest. Sales per unit area In retail, sales per unit area is a standard and usually the primary measurement of store success. The unit of area is usually square metres in the metric system or square feet in U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Sales per unit area\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2428386\",\n \"text\": \"have the geometric dimension of \\\"length\\\". Physical quantities such as angular momentum which can be identified with the magnitude of a bivector have the geometric dimension of \\\"area\\\". Here is a table collecting some important physical quantities according to their dimensions in geometrized units. They are listed together with the appropriate conversion factor for SI units. This table can be augmented to include temperature, as indicated above, as well as further derived physical quantities such as various moments. Geometrized unit system A geometrized unit system or geometric unit system is a system of natural units in which the base physical\",\n \"title\": \"Geometrized unit system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11646896\",\n \"text\": \"for mark numbers but older aircraft retained their Roman numerals. From 1948 onwards, Arabic numerals were used exclusively. This article adopts the convention of using Roman numerals for the Mks I-XVI and Arabic numerals for the Mks 17–24. \\\"Type numbers\\\" e.g.; (type 361) are the drawing board design numbers allocated by Supermarine. Construction of K5054 started in December 1934, with modifications incorporated as construction continued. One major change was to the Merlin engine's cooling system, with the adoption of ethylene glycol coolant together with a ducted radiator based on the work of Frederick Meredith at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough.\",\n \"title\": \"Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6873021\",\n \"text\": \"direct gasoline injection. The MKS is almost an inch longer than the A8L (long-wheelbase version), an inch wider and five inches (127 mm) taller, has four more cubic feet of trunk space, and extra of torque, while being lighter. The MKS starts at $30,000 less than the base A8. While praised for its large interior and long list of luxury features, the MKS has been criticized for not being as refined as other luxury sedans in a similar price range. It is also noted that the MKS's platform-mate, the Ford Taurus, offers the same powertrain and many available technological features,\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4797790\",\n \"text\": \"software development life-cycles. The accolades continued for MKS Integrity with more from the analyst and PR firms: In late 2009 Michael W. Harris was appointed as the company's President and CEO while Philip C. Deck was appointed Executive Chairman and continues his role as Chairman of the Board of Directors. August 23, 2010 Charlie Janes returns to MKS and is appointed Vice President of Sales for North America. In September, 2010, Andrew M. Wertkin was appointed Chief Technology Officer (CTO). November 3, 2010, Michelle Dickey joined MKS as Vice President Federal Sales to spearhead a team for the North American\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4805913\",\n \"text\": \"transmitters. As discussed below, a more relevant measure for wireless networks would be \\\"system spectral efficiency\\\" in bit/s/Hz per unit area. However, in closed communication links such as telephone lines and cable TV networks, and in noise-limited wireless communication system where co-channel interference is not a factor, the largest link spectral efficiency that can be supported by the available SNR is generally used. In digital wireless networks, the \\\"system spectral efficiency\\\" or area spectral efficiency is typically measured in \\\"(bit/s)/Hz per unit area\\\", in \\\"(bit/s)/Hz per cell\\\", or in \\\"(bit/s)/Hz per site\\\". It is a measure of the quantity of\",\n \"title\": \"Spectral efficiency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5211986\",\n \"text\": \"Sales per unit area In retail, sales per unit area is a standard and usually the primary measurement of store success. The unit of area is usually square metres in the metric system or square feet in U.S. customary units. Square feet are also widely used in retailing in the United Kingdom, but there are signs of a trend towards use of square meters. As of 2005 annual store sales in the range of $300 per square foot ($3,000/m²) is considered a respectable result in the United States as the national average for regional malls is $341 per square foot,\",\n \"title\": \"Sales per unit area\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5941439\",\n \"text\": \"was known as the Pole Erection Unit. The British Armed Forces still use four-wheel drive Bedford MKs – a variant of the TK. Available with four and six-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, the TK was the quintessential light truck in the UK through most of the 1960s and 1970s, competing with the similar Ford D series. It was available in rigid form, and also as a light tractor unit, normally using the Scammell coupling form of trailer attachment. The Bedford KM was a similar vehicle, using the same cab, but with a slightly restyled front end, and was marketed for\",\n \"title\": \"Bedford Vehicles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18746683\",\n \"text\": \"in the 2014–15 PLK season as a wild card because of the expansion from 12 to 16 teams. MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball) MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza, is a Polish professional basketball team based in Dąbrowa Górnicza. The team currently plays in the PLK. The basketball section of MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza was found in 1992. In 2003, the club started acting on the national third level. It played for several years in the 2 Liga, until the team won the championship in 2007–08 and was promoted. The team remained in the 1 Liga for the next 6 seasons. In 2009–10 the team\",\n \"title\": \"MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10857037\",\n \"text\": \"Interdynamics MKS The MKS is a gas-operated, select-fire rifle of the 5.56×45mm NATO caliber and was manufactured in Sweden by Interdynamics AB. It featured a magazine insert that acted as the pistol grip similar to the Uzi submachine gun but was found uncomfortable to handle, therefore it never entered mass production. The MKS was a gas-operated select fire rifle chambered for the 5.56 mm NATO cartridge and was capable of firing around 750/1,100 RPM. It featured rotating barrel locking and was the first gun made by Interdynamics in 1979. Tests in the Philippines proved the gun too uncomfortable for the\",\n \"title\": \"Interdynamics MKS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14567366\",\n \"text\": \"is inherited in an autosomal recessive dominance pattern. Both parents of the affected must be heterozygous carriers of the pathogenic variant. Heterozygous carriers for MKS show no symptoms of the disorder, nor can they develop the disorder. Each child of these carriers has a 1/4 chance of being affected by MKS, a 1/2 chance of being carriers themselves, and a 1/4 chance of being unaffected and a non carrier. Clinical findings support the diagnosis of MKS, including identification of biallelic pathogenetic variants. Diagnosis additionally requires ruling out Bardot-Biedl Syndrome. Treatments are available for accompanying symptoms of MKS, including addressing polydactyly\",\n \"title\": \"McKusick–Kaufman syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10857038\",\n \"text\": \"average shooter to fire well and it never made it beyond the prototype stage. Interdynamics MKS The MKS is a gas-operated, select-fire rifle of the 5.56×45mm NATO caliber and was manufactured in Sweden by Interdynamics AB. It featured a magazine insert that acted as the pistol grip similar to the Uzi submachine gun but was found uncomfortable to handle, therefore it never entered mass production. The MKS was a gas-operated select fire rifle chambered for the 5.56 mm NATO cartridge and was capable of firing around 750/1,100 RPM. It featured rotating barrel locking and was the first gun made by\",\n \"title\": \"Interdynamics MKS\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":82,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"83"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the name of the college in animal house"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Faber College"],"string":"[\n \"Faber College\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"823180","text":"\"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\". The film was also selected by \"The New York Times\" as one of \"The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made\". Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller. It stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The film was produced by Matty Simmons of \"National Lampoon\" and","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"823126","text":"Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller. It stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The film was produced by Matty Simmons of \"National Lampoon\" and Ivan Reitman for Universal Pictures. It was inspired by stories written by Miller and published in \"National Lampoon\". The stories were based on Ramis's experience in","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"823180","text":"\"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\". The film was also selected by \"The New York Times\" as one of \"The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made\". Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller. It stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The film was produced by Matty Simmons of \"National Lampoon\" and","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"823162","text":"by film composer Elmer Bernstein, who had been a Landis family friend since John Landis was a child. Bernstein was easily persuaded to score the film, but was not sure what to make of it. Similar to his preferring dramatic actors for the comedy, Landis asked Bernstein to score it as though it were serious. He adapted the \"Faber College Theme\" from the \"Academic Festival Overture\" by Brahms, and said that the film opened yet another door in his diverse career, to scoring comedies. The soundtrack was released as a vinyl album in 1978, and then as a CD in","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"1994862","text":"Lampoon's Animal House\" satirizes a common practice (until the mid-1970s), when women attending Seven Sister colleges were connected with or to students at Ivy League schools. The film, which takes place in 1962, shows fraternity brothers from Delta House of the fictional Faber College (based on Dartmouth College) taking a road trip to the fictional Emily Dickinson College (based on Mount Holyoke College) to obtain dates. In an early scene of the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\", Dr. Jake Housemann (played by Jerry Orbach) in referring to his daughter, Baby Housemann (Jennifer Grey) announces that “Baby is going to Mount Holyoke","title":"Seven Sisters (colleges)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"823180\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\\\". The film was also selected by \\\"The New York Times\\\" as one of \\\"The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made\\\". Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller. It stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The film was produced by Matty Simmons of \\\"National Lampoon\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"823126\",\n \"text\": \"Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller. It stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The film was produced by Matty Simmons of \\\"National Lampoon\\\" and Ivan Reitman for Universal Pictures. It was inspired by stories written by Miller and published in \\\"National Lampoon\\\". The stories were based on Ramis's experience in\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"823180\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\\\". The film was also selected by \\\"The New York Times\\\" as one of \\\"The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made\\\". Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller. It stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The film was produced by Matty Simmons of \\\"National Lampoon\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"823162\",\n \"text\": \"by film composer Elmer Bernstein, who had been a Landis family friend since John Landis was a child. Bernstein was easily persuaded to score the film, but was not sure what to make of it. Similar to his preferring dramatic actors for the comedy, Landis asked Bernstein to score it as though it were serious. He adapted the \\\"Faber College Theme\\\" from the \\\"Academic Festival Overture\\\" by Brahms, and said that the film opened yet another door in his diverse career, to scoring comedies. The soundtrack was released as a vinyl album in 1978, and then as a CD in\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1994862\",\n \"text\": \"Lampoon's Animal House\\\" satirizes a common practice (until the mid-1970s), when women attending Seven Sister colleges were connected with or to students at Ivy League schools. The film, which takes place in 1962, shows fraternity brothers from Delta House of the fictional Faber College (based on Dartmouth College) taking a road trip to the fictional Emily Dickinson College (based on Mount Holyoke College) to obtain dates. In an early scene of the 1987 film \\\"Dirty Dancing\\\", Dr. Jake Housemann (played by Jerry Orbach) in referring to his daughter, Baby Housemann (Jennifer Grey) announces that “Baby is going to Mount Holyoke\",\n \"title\": \"Seven Sisters (colleges)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"823151","text":"(Neidemeyer's horse, Junior, and John Belushi each received $40,000), the decision cost Sutherland what he estimates as $14 million. The star's participation, however, was crucial; Landis later said \"It was Donald Sutherland who essentially got the film made.\" \"Pinto\" was screenwriter Chris Miller's nickname at his Dartmouth fraternity. DeWayne Jessie adopted the \"Otis Day\" name in his private life and continued touring with the band. The filmmakers' next problem was finding a college that would let them shoot the film on their campus. They submitted the script to a number of colleges and universities but \"nobody wanted this movie\" due","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"15996245","text":"the Gorgon Painter uses the Animal-Style; depicting real and fantastical animals in friezes around the vases which is considered to be a Corinthian tradition. The better recorded artist Sophilos is said to be influenced by the Gorgon Painter, continuing work in the black-figure style and animal-style. The Gorgon Painter is considered to use the Corinthian style, or animal style, in his pottery. The name comes from its place of popularity, Corinth. Not to be mistaken with the Greek order of the same name, within Corinthian, there are different subsets including what is called “Animal-Style” which is what the Gorgon painter","title":"Gorgon Painter"},{"docid":"9903427","text":"Bicton College Bicton College is a college with around 1,000 full-time and 3,500 part-time pupils, located near Budleigh Salterton, Devon, England. The college specialises in agriculture and currently offers courses in such topics as animal care, countryside management, horticulture, veterinary nursing, and agricultural engineering, aboriculture and floristry. The college's courses range from level 1 all the way to foundation degrees. For the level-4 courses the college works in partnership with the University of Plymouth. The college was founded under the name Bicton Farm Institute in 1947, when the Devon County Council leased Bicton House and part of the Bicton Park","title":"Bicton College"},{"docid":"4932290","text":"the series halfway through the production of the season to host his own show, \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" on NBC. O'Brien was informed that he had been hired by NBC not long before the recording session for this episode began, and he was forced to walk out on his contract. The concept of the episode was that Homer attends college, but bases his entire understanding of what college is on \"bad \"Animal House\" rip-off movies\". O'Brien mentioned in the DVD commentary that the antics of the characters Benjamin, Doug, and Gary were based on three \"incredible nerds\" who lived","title":"Homer Goes to College"},{"docid":"12663375","text":"Wallaceville road. A public house that stood at the corner of what is now Fergusson Drive and Ward Street had a variety of names, including \"Highland Home\", \"Railway Hotel\", and \"Trentham Hotel\" before being named \"Quinn's Post\" by licensee Richard Quinn, as a tribute to the heroism of the ANZACs at Gallipoli, as recounted by his brother in a letter home from the front line. When a petrol station was built on the corner, and a tavern built next door, both retained the name Quinn's Post. The Wallaceville Animal Research Centre was a Government-owned veterinary and animal research centre established","title":"Wallaceville"},{"docid":"18553738","text":"and high school? <br> 16) What was the name of your first boyfriend/girlfriend? <br> 17) What was the color, year, make and model of you first car (if any)? <br> 18) What is the color, year, make and model of current car? <br> 19) What was your most memorable childhood pet? <br> 20) What was its name and what kind of animal? <br> 21) How did it die? <br> 22) Do you currently have pets? <br> 23) Current pet names? What kind of animal?<br> 24) Who were your neighbors growing up? <br> 25) Who are your current neighbors? <br> 26)","title":"Cookie Cutter (album)"},{"docid":"15071588","text":"microwave being developed is called TK-421, the same designation of a storm trooper on the Death Star in \"Star Wars\". Jack states that all GE products must be \"Six Sigmas\" to perfection. This refers to a business management strategy to improve quality of production outputs. This episode features the song \"Aqualung\" by Jethro Tull. In the post-credits scene, the episode plays graduation music and mimics the well-known college movie \"National Lampoon's Animal House\" with lines over the credits that indicate what the characters did in the future. During this sequence, Jack is said to have \"spent the night on a","title":"College (30 Rock)"},{"docid":"13501122","text":"and a number of other native and non-native Central Plains wildlife. Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine is consulted on difficult or unusual cases. Western Plains Animal Refuge utilizes dog runs, small animal cages, outdoor small animal cages, flight pens, deer pens, large animal pens, a hen house, surgical recuperation cages and isolation rooms to house animals at the facility. In addition, it provides socialization and exercise rooms, including a large cat room, a dog-walking area and animal-friendly reception area. Animals are exercised and socialized regularly and are not confined to inappropriately small cages. Many domestic animals are cageless","title":"Western Plains Animal Refuge"},{"docid":"823166","text":"\"Newsweek\", \"But if \"Animal House\" lacks the inspired tastelessness of the Lampoon's \"High School Yearbook Parody\", this is still low humor of a high order\". Robert Martin wrote in \"The Globe and Mail\", \"It is so gross and tasteless you feel you should be disgusted but it's hard to be offended by something that is so sidesplittingly funny\". \"Time\" magazine proclaimed \"Animal House\" one of the year's best. When the film was released, Landis, Widdoes and Allen went on a national promotional tour. Universal Pictures spent about $4.5 million promoting the film at selected college campuses and helped students organize","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"10890424","text":"workers and ministers. It has undergone a number of name changes since. The Newbold name was taken from its Newbold Revel location to the east of Rugby, Warwickshire, during World War II. Another wartime Warwickshire location was Packwood House, between Solihull and Stratford-Upon-Avon, Warwickshire. In 1945 the College purchased Moor Close, the first acquisition of what would become the present-day campus. One factor for this choice was its proximity to Oxford and London. The existing campus is also within close proximity to Heathrow Airport. Moor Close is a Grade II listed redbrick Jacobethan house built in 1881. It was extended","title":"Newbold College"},{"docid":"10794014","text":"to the funded animal. Sponsors who have donated more than 500 lats also receive a plaque in a stand near the central entrance of zoo. If many sponsors have contributed to building of an animal house, a stand listing all sponsors may be place at the animal house in question. Sponsors who have contributed more than 50% of funding for animal house can also name the building. Riga Zoo enacts several scientific research and wild life conservation projects. Owls are monitored since 1985 in Pape. The aim of the project is to collect information of owl migration in northern Europe","title":"Riga Zoo"},{"docid":"11738867","text":"Pawly Pets: My Animal Hospital Pawly Pets: My Animal Hospital is a video game by Ubisoft and Focus Multimedia for the Nintendo DS and Windows. The game is about an animal hospital, and the player is a veterinarian, with an optional name. The title of the clinic is also optional. It can teach you about the different kinds of diseases that pets can get, and about the instruments that a real vet would use. It is also a virtual way of finding out what a vet would do. There are lots of animals with the same name, so there is","title":"Pawly Pets: My Animal Hospital"},{"docid":"1175303","text":"as Visitor remained in force. In 1329, the college received by royal grant a large house belonging to the Crown, known as La Oriole, on the site of what is now First Quad. It is from this property that the college acquired its common name, \"Oriel\"; the name was in use from about 1349. The word referred to an \"oratoriolum\", or oriel window, forming a feature of the earlier property. In the early 1410s several Fellows of Oriel took part in the disturbances accompanying Archbishop Arundel's attempt to stamp out Lollardy in the University; the Lollard belief that religious power","title":"Oriel College, Oxford"},{"docid":"15470288","text":"1936 the Department of Landscape Architecture was formed which merged with Horticulture to form the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture in 1942. In 1955 the same was shortened to just Horticulture which stayed as the name until the merger with the agronomy department. The Animal Husbandry Department was organized in 1920 as well. It was renamed in 1953 the Department of Animal Husbandry and Poultry Husbandry. In 1954 when the new college was formed the department went back to the shorter name. In 1965 the department name was changed to Animal Science Department. Bacteriology was not formed as a","title":"BYU College of Life Sciences"},{"docid":"16270953","text":"Pet House The Pet House, also known as Monroe Hall, is a residence hall at Washington & Jefferson College that allows students to live with their family pets. It has been identified as part of a growing trend of pet-friendly dormitories across the United States. Monroe Hall is part of the Presidents' Row cluster of residence halls. It is one of several other \"Theme Communities\" developed by the college; others include \"Leadership & Service Community\" and the \"International House.\" Plans for the Pet House began shortly after animal lover Tori Haring-Smith took office as college president in January 2005. She","title":"Pet House"},{"docid":"3658435","text":"which may arguably be considered the first-ever college \"toga party\". The Guinness World Record for the largest toga party is 3,700 participants. The event, organized by the University of Queensland Union and the Queensland University of Technology Student Guild, was held on 24 February 2012 at Riverstage in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Toga parties were depicted in the 1978 film \"Animal House\", which propelled the ritual into a widespread and enduring practice. Chris Miller, who was one of the writers of \"Animal House\", attended Dartmouth College where the toga party was a popular costume event at major fraternity parties (such as","title":"Toga party"},{"docid":"4320230","text":"Technology. It opened as Yonam High Technology School of Animal Husbandry in 1974. The school became Yonam College of Agriculture in 1998. The current name was adopted on September 1, 2003, exactly six months after Seo assumed the presidency. Cheonan Yonam College Cheonan Yonam College is a private agricultural college in South Korea. Its campus is in a rural area of Cheonan City, in South Chungcheong province. The current president is Kyoung-deok Seo. The entering class of 2003 numbered 520 students. The school's offerings are centered on agriculture and allied fields. The majors are divided among the divisions of Animal","title":"Cheonan Yonam College"},{"docid":"3525065","text":"Elizabeth II, the reigning Canadian monarch, granted permission for use of the prefix \"royal\", as requested to the federal Cabinet by the college's board of directors. However some, including Allan MacMaster, Member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for Inverness, objected to the name change as offensive to Nova Scotians descended from Highlanders who had had to leave Scotland because of the Highland Clearances. In response Kirk McRae, the Acting Chair of the Gaelic College, said it was \"just an honour of name, it doesn't take away what the goals are of the college ... that is to grow","title":"The Gaelic College"},{"docid":"10553858","text":"success. The film built up a steady following in Virginia before being widely distributed nationwide. The film was constantly in Variety’s top 50 list. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a zesty movie of its kind, though its kind is bound to seem stupid to some and objectionable to others ... the actors are fresh and likable, and at least they don't stand still long enough to wear out their welcome.\" \"Variety\" wrote that the film \"does to softball what 'Animal House' and 'Meatballs' did to college and summer camp. But if they rated tastelessness, this battle","title":"Squeeze Play!"},{"docid":"9837109","text":"before admission and registration. The candidates have to produce a medical certificate of physical fitness in the form prescribed by the Universities from a Registered Medical Officer. <poem> Livestock Products Technology Department of Animal Biotechnology Veterinary Anatomy Animal Physiology Animal Bio Chemistry & Bio Technology Veterinary Microbiology Livestock Production & Management Animal Genetics & Breeding Veterinary Parasitology Veterinary Surgery & Radiology Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics Veterinary Pathology Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Pharmacology Reproductive Biology Research Poultry Science Animal Nutrition Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex Veterinary Public Health Department of Animal Biotechnology LIvestock Research Station </poem> AAVCA is the name of","title":"College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand"},{"docid":"5300256","text":"2 for women (The House of the Angels). There is a Central Animal House with a wide range of common laboratory animals, for conduction of research programmes. The hospital is 500 meters to the west of the main college campus, and the men's hostel is 500 meters southeast of the campus.The college is among the top 5 in terms of UG course (MBBS) offered across the state Tamil Nadu. The Tirunelveli Medical College, along with its primary teaching hospital, is located at High Ground in Palayamkottai in the city of Tirunelveli, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The college,","title":"Tirunelveli Medical College"},{"docid":"9864952","text":"we-have, meat for-we-roast-with). A limited range of serial-type constructions are found. A notable case of this is the use of the verb \"walk\" following another verb, as in: \"Men of Rama Cay go to look for manatee in the lagoon\" (island from man manatee they-seek walk lagoon side). The morphological analysis of \"they go to look for\" is: (PREVERB-they-seek walk-PRESENT). Noun and adjective predicates are constructed without a copula, in the order Subject + Predicate, e.g. \"This is my house\" (this my house), \"His name is Basilio\" (his name Basilio), \"The manatee is a big animal\" (manatee animal big), \"My","title":"Rama language"},{"docid":"5573693","text":"The Party Animal The Party Animal is a movie written and directed by David Beaird. Since its inauspicious debut in 1984, it has become a minor cult classic. \"The Party Animal\" is a documentary-style comedy about a sex-starved man, Pondo Sinatra, a 26-year-old college student whom everyone agrees is doomed to die a virgin. Desperate to break what seems to be a cosmic curse, he tries ever more bizarre schemes to seduce one of the sexy, scantily-clad women who seem to be everywhere, taunting him and enjoying his misery. Despite his best efforts, however, he is rejected everywhere, even at","title":"The Party Animal"},{"docid":"7668644","text":"birds and other animal noises. An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches south to Hasketon with a total population taken at the 2011 Census of 2,272. Otley, Suffolk Otley is a village located in the county of Suffolk, England, about eight miles north of Ipswich. The village is home to Otley Hall, a 16th-century, Grade I listed house which was historically the seat of the family of Bartholomew Gosnold, and Easton & Otley College, offering vocationally focused courses in a number of areas. It is the birthplace of Roger Osborne who scored the only goal of","title":"Otley, Suffolk"},{"docid":"823137","text":"outcomes. \"Animal House\" was the first film produced by \"National Lampoon\", the most popular humor magazine on college campuses in the mid-1970s. The periodical specialized in satirizing politics and popular culture. Many of the magazine's writers were recent college graduates, hence its appeal to students all over the country. Doug Kenney was a \"Lampoon\" writer and the magazine's first editor-in-chief. He graduated from Harvard University in 1969 and had a college experience closer to the Omegas in the film (he had been president of the university's elite Spee Club). Kenney was responsible for the first appearances of three characters that","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"56834","text":"\"one of the most important parts of the university experience\" for many. The Reuters news agency nicknamed Gate House \"U of T's Animal House\" because Donald Sutherland's memories of its parties are said to have influenced the script of the 1978 movie. The Toronto Star described Gooch's decision to put an end to its traditions, activities and distinguishing characteristics as \"neutering Animal House.\" Gate House has three floors which house 28 students, as well as a don and the Victoria College Residence Life Co-ordinator. Above the gate there is a tower that rises three stories higher and has a turret-style","title":"Burwash Hall"},{"docid":"3389450","text":"overhauled development plan for what had come to be derisively called the \"Sugar Hole\", eliminating the originally planned office space and replacing the condos with apartments. The street-level retail would remain as originally proposed. Funding for the project was finally secured in 2011 and the project was completed in 2013. Sugar House, Salt Lake City Sugar House is a neighborhood in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is one of the city's oldest neighborhoods and the name is officially two words. Sugar House is the site of Westminster College. Sugar House is home to two shopping centers that collectively","title":"Sugar House, Salt Lake City"},{"docid":"7342807","text":"Americans laid claim to four equal strips of land in what is now downtown Berkeley, bounded on the north by what is today the alignment of Addison Street, and on the south, by Dwight Way. Among these claimants was Francis K. Shattuck. Shattuck's portion lay west of what is now Shattuck Avenue. He built a house here at the site of what is today the Hotel Shattuck Plaza. The county road going to Oakland along his property was informally called \"Shattuck's road\", but the planners of the College of California dubbed the street \"Guyot\" on their plat map. That name","title":"Downtown Berkeley, Berkeley, California"},{"docid":"7474482","text":"Delta House Delta House is an American sitcom that was adapted from the 1978 film \"National Lampoon's Animal House.\" The series aired from January 18 to April 21, 1979 on ABC. Cast members reprising their roles from \"Animal House\" included John Vernon (Dean Wormer), Stephen Furst (Flounder), Bruce McGill (D-Day), and James Widdoes (Hoover). Priscilla Lauris, who played Dean Wormer's secretary in the movie, also returned to reprise her role, and her character was given a name (Miss Leonard). Josh Mostel was cast as Jim \"Blotto\" Blutarsky, brother of Bluto, the character played in the film by John Belushi. Despite","title":"Delta House"},{"docid":"1959422","text":"14% share. This represented a 28% rating increase and a 27% share increase over KTLA's regularly scheduled \"Happy Days\"/\"Laverne and Shirley\". Ramis left \"SCTV\" to pursue a film career and wrote a script with \"National Lampoon\" magazine's Douglas Kenney, which eventually became \"National Lampoon's Animal House\". They were later joined by a third collaborator, Chris Miller. The 1978 film followed the struggle between a rowdy college fraternity house and the college dean. The film's humor was raunchy for its time. \"Animal House\" \"broke all box-office records for comedies\" and earned $141 million. Ramis next co-wrote the comedy \"Meatballs\", starring Bill","title":"Harold Ramis"},{"docid":"12372591","text":"college has extensive facilities considering its relatively small size. It has an on-campus library, science building and is based on a very large and landscaped 550 acre estate. These facilities include 2 indoor riding schools - one brand new, an equine Hydrotherapy unit and a therapy barn. The Animal unit – now named the Titchmarsh Centre for Animal Studies after the College Patron - includes various specifically designed areas such as the reptile house and the state of the art Dog Grooming room. The campus farm has recently received a new herd of cattle as well are planning for the","title":"Writtle University College"},{"docid":"15184708","text":"World of Chaser\". Chaser (dog) Chaser is a Border Collie with the largest tested memory of any non-human animal. She can identify and retrieve 1,022 toys by name. She was taught by retired Wofford College professor and psychologist John W. Pilley, with the formal research published. Chaser's owner (John W. Pilley) died on Sunday, June 17, 2018. In April, he had been diagnosed with leukemia. Pilley would have turned ninety on July 1, 2018. In addition to being able to recognize the names of more than one thousand toys, she recognizes common nouns such as house, tree and ball. Based","title":"Chaser (dog)"},{"docid":"15184706","text":"Chaser (dog) Chaser is a Border Collie with the largest tested memory of any non-human animal. She can identify and retrieve 1,022 toys by name. She was taught by retired Wofford College professor and psychologist John W. Pilley, with the formal research published. Chaser's owner (John W. Pilley) died on Sunday, June 17, 2018. In April, he had been diagnosed with leukemia. Pilley would have turned ninety on July 1, 2018. In addition to being able to recognize the names of more than one thousand toys, she recognizes common nouns such as house, tree and ball. Based on that learning,","title":"Chaser (dog)"},{"docid":"4971804","text":"1975. The song, as performed by Otis Day and the Knights, was also prominently featured in the 1978 fraternity house film \"National Lampoon's Animal House\". To this day, the song is regularly performed at Dartmouth College, the Ivy League institution in Hanover, New Hampshire, upon which the \"Animal House\" story was based, and at the University of Oregon, where the movie was filmed. Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 1996 album \"\" with Simon providing the lead vocals. The Beatles included a live version of the song on their 1996 rarities compilation, \"Anthology 1\". American rock group","title":"Shout (The Isley Brothers song)"},{"docid":"11098827","text":"which allows the animals to adapt to their surroundings. Additionally, it is recommended that for every tree that is cut down that another one be planted elsewhere in the forest. Typically, the costs of animal observation are minuscule. As previously stated, animal observation can be done on a small or large scale; it just depends what goal an individual has in mind. For example, animal observation can be performed in the backyard of a house or at a local state park at no charge. All one would have to do is take a notepad, phone, or other device to write","title":"Wildlife observation"},{"docid":"4859457","text":"Rizzoli, portrayed by Angie Harmon. Korsak saved Rizzoli's life from serial killer, Charles Hoyt. Korsak shot Hoyt's partner just before Hoyt was about to kill Rizzoli with a knife. In the episode \"She Works Hard for the Money\" of \"Rizzoli & Isles\" (season 1 episode 4) Korsak is asked where he went to college. He responds \"Didn't. Watched \"Animal House\" a few times\", which is a reference to his \"Animal House\" persona. McGill also had a recurring voice role on \"The Cleveland Show\" as Lloyd Waterman, the homosexual owner of Waterman Cable, where Cleveland Brown is employed as a cable","title":"Bruce McGill"},{"docid":"12110019","text":"Iviswold Iviswold, also known as \"The Castle\", is a house originally constructed in 1869 located in what is now Rutherford, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It was placed on the List of Registered Historic Places in New Jersey on November 4, 2004. The house is part of the Rutherford campus of Felician College and underwent a renovation that was completed in 2013. The home was built in 1869 by Floyd W. Tomkins who called it \"Hill House\". It was purchased in 1887 by David Brinkerhoff Ivison who greatly expanded it and gave the home the name \"Iviswold\". The","title":"Iviswold"},{"docid":"2074289","text":"pretensions of power and importance.\"\" Oren Segal, co-director of Anti-Defamation League's Center on Extremism, believes the group consists of the same few \"\"lone wolves\"\" that carry out actions in the name of the ALF and Earth Liberation Front (ELF), \"\"the names are interchangeable...they’re going to rename themselves depending on what actions they’re doing.\"\" The existence of activists calling themselves the Revolutionary Cells or Animal Rights Militia (ARM), another name used to inflict violence, reflects a struggle within the Animal Liberation Front and the animal rights movement in general, between those who believe violence and terror tactics are justified, and those","title":"Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade"},{"docid":"20833230","text":"an orchard to its north (on what is now 38-42b Fernleigh Road), a boat shed further north, in front of what is now 2 Coonabarabran Place, three small boatsheds further north, in front of what is now 1 and 3 Coonabarabran Place, stables on what is now the eastern side of 60 and 62 Fernleigh Road, various sheds along what is now the southern part of 62 and 64a Fernleigh Road, and further south what appear to be animal pens on what is now the eastern part of 68 and 70 Fernleigh Road. The house had significant alterations in this","title":"Fernleigh, Caringbah South"},{"docid":"4963744","text":"days' electronic monitoring. He has appealed the decision. Vlasak has been criticized for appearing to legitimize the use of violence against animal researchers. He told an animal rights conference in 2003: Following the August 2, 2008 firebombing of a house belonging to University of California Santa Cruz animal researchers, Vlasak was quoted as saying \"This guy knows what he is doing. He knows that every day that he goes into the laboratory and hurts animals that it is unreasonable not to expect consequences.\" The controversy continued in July 2004 when Jamie Doward of \"The Observer\" wrote that Vlasak had told","title":"Jerry Vlasak"},{"docid":"3671958","text":"Giganotosaurus Giganotosaurus ( ) is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Argentina, during the early Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 98 to 97 million years ago. The holotype specimen was discovered in the Candeleros Formation of Patagonia in 1993, and is almost 70% complete. The animal was named G. carolinii in 1995; the genus name translates as \"giant southern lizard\" and the specific name honours the discoverer, Rubén D. Carolini. A dentary bone, a tooth and some tracks, discovered before the holotype, were later assigned to this animal. The genus attracted much","title":"Giganotosaurus"},{"docid":"13059597","text":"Pumilia Pumilia novaceki is an extinct iguanid that lived in what is now Palm Springs, California, from the Blancan to Irvingtonian stages of the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. It is currently known from a partially crushed skull. Features of the skull show both basal iguanian features, and characters very similar to the extant \"Iguana\", suggesting that the living animal may have resembled a juvenile green iguana. The genus name, Pumilia, means \"diminutive\" in Latin, in reference to how the living animal would have resembled a very small iguana. The specific name honors Michael J. Novacek, a colleague and friend of","title":"Pumilia"},{"docid":"13059598","text":"the describer, Mark Norell. Pumilia Pumilia novaceki is an extinct iguanid that lived in what is now Palm Springs, California, from the Blancan to Irvingtonian stages of the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. It is currently known from a partially crushed skull. Features of the skull show both basal iguanian features, and characters very similar to the extant \"Iguana\", suggesting that the living animal may have resembled a juvenile green iguana. The genus name, Pumilia, means \"diminutive\" in Latin, in reference to how the living animal would have resembled a very small iguana. The specific name honors Michael J. Novacek, a","title":"Pumilia"},{"docid":"16400098","text":"Uncle - tadai( father's younger brother) ayong( father's elder brother) mamai ( Mother's younger brother) Come - phoi Came - fidom Go - li Went - lidom See - ni Eat - cha Drink - nung Sit - khejong What - inda/naji Why - indana Where - pado When - pakhal Who - sar Which - sare Home - no Tree - phang Animal - marat/mareng Human - libing, libung come here - ijing phoi Simple phrase What is your name - Ne mung inda? My name is Pangsai - ange mung Pangsai What are you doing - inda/naji rido?","title":"Tiwa language (India)"},{"docid":"6179699","text":"Ecchi\" (both over 300 chapters as of 2010). A number of \"Young Animal\" manga series have been adapted as anime. \"(Names are in alphabetical order, family name shown last)\" Young Animal (magazine) It was first issued in 1989 as \"Animal House\" and was renamed \"Young Animal\" in 1992. It may have been a reboot of an earlier Hakusensha shōnen magazine entitled \"Gekkan Shōnen Jets\" (launched in 1981) which was discontinued in the late 1980s. The magazine is published by Hakusensha and issued on the second and fourth Fridays of each month in saddle-stapled B5 format, selling for 460 yen. The","title":"Young Animal (magazine)"},{"docid":"449904","text":"House residence) memories of its parties are said to have influenced the script of the 1978 movie. The Toronto Star described Gooch's decision to put an end to its traditions, activities and distinguishing characteristics as \"neutering Animal House.\" Famous Victoria alumni include Margaret Atwood, Lester B. Pearson, Don Harron, and Donald Sutherland. Victoria University, Toronto Victoria University is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1836 and named for Queen Victoria. It is commonly called Victoria College, informally \"Vic\", after the original academic component that now forms its undergraduate division. Since 1928, Victoria College has retained secular studies","title":"Victoria University, Toronto"},{"docid":"20099724","text":"Fuzz Academy Fuzz Academy (fuzzacademy.com) was a virtual pet website and social media outlet targeted to a younger audience. Users could create fuzzy animal 'cadets', feed them, dress them up, and play minigames to earn the site's currency, 'hairballs'. The game mimicked a college setting, allowing the user to place their cadet into one of four houses: House Optimus, House Tempesto, House Pacifica, and House Rogue. The site was created by Marie Lu in 2008 as a personal project which grew exponentially until its eventual hacking and closing in 2011. Users were allowed one cadet – an animal mascot of","title":"Fuzz Academy"},{"docid":"15345356","text":"under this name was \"Here Comes the Indian\", which was released in 2003 by their newly formed record label, Paw Tracks, formed with Carpark Records' Todd Hyman. Animal Collective makes decisions on what Paw Tracks is to release, while Hyman runs the day-to-day operations. The group was happy to find someone like Hyman, who had experience running a label and was dedicated to the group's music; the Animal label was more or less abandoned upon the formation of Paw Tracks. \"Here Comes the Indian\" was the first record to feature all four of Animal Collective. After the two releases in","title":"Animal Collective"},{"docid":"823139","text":"\"The Night of the Seven Fires\" about pledging experiences from his fraternity days in Alpha Delta (associated with the national Alpha Delta Phi during Miller's undergraduate years, the fraternity subsequently disassociated itself from the national organization and is now called Alpha Delta) at the Ivy League's Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire. The antics of his fellow fraternities, coupled with experiences like that of a road trip to University of Wisconsin-Madison and its Delta Chi Fraternity, became the inspiration for the Delta Tau Chis of \"Animal House\" and many characters in the film (and their nicknames) were based on Miller's","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"1720961","text":"the university's other campuses. What was the Tottenham campus started life as St Katharine's College, one of the first British teacher training colleges in 1878, later to become the College of All Saints, a Church of England college of higher education and a constituent college of the Institute of Education, University of London, for whose degrees it taught. The name change was a result of the 1964 union of St Katharine's with Berridge House, Hampstead, on the Tottenham site. The college expanded in the 1960s, although much of the campus retained its Victorian architecture. The College was highly regarded while","title":"Middlesex University"},{"docid":"1781814","text":"a new car line, project designation \"XP-836\", with a name that Chevrolet chose in keeping with other car names beginning with the letter \"C\" such as the Corvair, Chevelle, Chevy II, and Corvette. He claimed the name, \"suggests the comradeship of good friends as a personal car should be to its owner\" and that \"to us, the name means just what we think the car will do... go.\" The \"Camaro\" name was then unveiled. Automotive press asked Chevrolet product managers, \"what is a Camaro?\" and were told it was \"a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs\". According to the book","title":"Chevrolet Camaro"},{"docid":"20077132","text":"non-profit corporation. International Society for Animal Rights was the first organization in the United States (and probably the world) to express in its corporate name the moral principle guiding the organization: animal rights. The first federal and state court legal cases in the United States to use the word animal rights were in lawsuits brought by International Society for Animal Rights. ISAR's founder, the late Helen Jones, was one of the early and few pioneers in what would decades later become known as the animal rights movement. She fervently believed that humans have a moral responsibility to animals that can","title":"International Society for Animal Rights"},{"docid":"3624646","text":"fraternity. The house dissociated from its parent corporation in 1969 and renamed itself The Alpha Delta Fraternity. Alpha Delta is well known for being part of the inspiration behind the movie \"National Lampoon's Animal House\". The screenplay, co-written by Chris Miller, class of 1963, was inspired by a pair of short stories Miller wrote in \"National Lampoon\" in 1974 and 1975 (\"The Night of the Seven Fires\" and \"Pinto's First Lay\") about his experiences as a member of Alpha Delta. In November 2006, Miller published a 336-page memoir of his experiences in the fraternity under the title \"The Real Animal","title":"Dartmouth College Greek organizations"},{"docid":"3514796","text":"of Middle Two (grade 8) or prior to entry into Upper One (grade 9). Students in Middle School are in the Nightingale house, which houses only Middle Twos and Ones. Membership of the houses can be distinguished by house ties, which depict the house colours and are worn by students as an optional substitute for the school tie. Each house is represented by an animal that is displayed prominently by a large mural in each of the residences. Baillie House is represented by a tiger and the color green, Colley House by a bulldog and the color red, Powell's House","title":"Appleby College"},{"docid":"5382081","text":"Brand Squid’, whose name ‘Jumunjingeo’ combines the name of the town as well as the Korean word for fish. In Jumunjin, the most well known marine animal is squid. Gangwon State University Gangwon State University () is a public college in Gangneung City, Gangwon Province, South Korea. Unlike most public tertiary institutions in South Korea, it is administered directly by the provincial government of Gangwon-do. The college is well known as a research and educational institute with modern facilities. The college is located in Jumunjin-eup, north of Gangneung's city center. It lies close to the Yeongdong Expressway. Situated between the","title":"Gangwon State University"},{"docid":"823169","text":"(playing a new character, \"Bombshell\"), and Peter Fox was cast as Otter. Belushi's character from the film, John \"Bluto\" Blutarsky, is in the Army, but his brother, Blotto, played by Josh Mostel, transfers to Faber to carry on Bluto's tradition. Jim Belushi was asked to play the role of Blotto, but declined. \"Animal House\" inspired \"Co-Ed Fever\", another sitcom but without the involvement of the film's producers or cast. Set in a dorm of the formerly all-female Baxter College, the pilot of \"Co-Ed Fever\" was aired by CBS on February 4, 1979, but the network canceled the series before airing","title":"Animal House"},{"docid":"473624","text":"identified animal skeletons. This not only helps to identify what the animal is, but also whether the animal was domesticated or not. Yet another technique that zooarchaeologists use is quantification. They make interpretations based on the number and size of the bones. These interpretations include how important different animals might have been to the diet. As can be seen from the discussion about the name that should be given to this discipline, zooarchaeology overlaps significantly with other areas of study. These include: Such analyses provide the basis by which further interpretations can be made. Topics that have been addressed by","title":"Zooarchaeology"},{"docid":"14391643","text":"two albums by the University of California Men's Octet. It has also been performed and recorded by the Dartmouth Aires at Dartmouth College, the school on which \"Animal House\" was modeled. Shama Lama Ding Dong \"Shama Lama Ding Dong\" is a song written by and William Peace and performed by fictional band Otis Day and the Knights in the 1978 film National Lampoon's \"Animal House\". Although Otis Day was portrayed by DeWayne Jessie in the film, the vocals were actually performed by Lloyd Williams. A version of the song, by beach music group Band of Oz, won People's Choice Song","title":"Shama Lama Ding Dong"},{"docid":"7588765","text":"offerings, one was responsible for replacement of the animal if the animal died or was stolen; but in the case of freewill obligations, one was not held responsible for the animal's replacement if the specified animal died or was stolen. A Baraita interpreted the words \"there shall be no blemish therein\" in to forbid causing a blemish in a sacrificial animal even indirectly. Ben Zoma interpreted the words \"neither shall you do this in your land\" in to forbid castrating even a dog (an animal that one could never offer as a sacrifice). Interpreting what constitutes profanation of God's Name","title":"Emor"},{"docid":"324572","text":"past five Chairs of the Federal Reserve. New Light Presbyterians founded the College of New Jersey in 1746 in order to train ministers. The college was the educational and religious capital of Scottish Presbyterian America. In 1754, trustees of the College of New Jersey suggested that, in recognition of Governor Jonathan Belcher's interest, Princeton should be named as Belcher College. Belcher replied: \"What a name that would be!\" In 1756, the college moved to Princeton, New Jersey. Its home in Princeton was Nassau Hall, named for the royal House of Orange-Nassau of William III of England. Following the untimely deaths","title":"Princeton University"},{"docid":"11235863","text":"infection, sunburn, asthma, and tonsil infections. As players move through the game, they are able to keep animals in animal houses for prolonged treatment. In the small animal house, they may keep guinea pigs, rabbits, or birds that have more serious injuries and diseases. When animals are in the animal houses, players must treat and feed them every day. The game has a large playing world in which the character's actions are constrained by what time of day it is in-game. The clinic opens and closes at certain times of day, and if players wait too long to service a","title":"Paws and Claws: Pet Vet"},{"docid":"13362242","text":"constituent college. Finally, in 2010 it became a constituent college of the Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences which operates from the same grounds. College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner The College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, formerly Rajasthan Veterinary College, also known as Veterinary College, Bikaner, is a constituent college of Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. This college was established on 16 August 1954 as Rajasthan Veterinary College. It then became a part of the Rajasthan University. In 1962 the Rajasthan Agriculture University was started and the college became part of it. In 1964","title":"College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner"},{"docid":"20283655","text":"a specialised College where only the course of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine(DVM) of 5 year course (a 4 year long honor's and 1 year internship)is being taught. JGVC is about 10km far from the main city of Jhenidah Zilla and situated on 10 acre land(100 acre occupied) beside the Jhenidah-Chuadanga main road. Every year only 60 students able to get chance in JGVC in DVM course after passing admission test. In JGVC, Hall for male,female student,Mosque, Auditorium,Well decorated Gymnasium, Veterinary teaching hospital,Medical center,Bus,Rain water plant for collecting rain water safely,Well decorated pond,Playground,Large-animal shed, Lab-animal shed, Guest house,Medicinal garden,Academic building,14 well","title":"Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College"},{"docid":"9995463","text":"with alcohol. A picture taken of the preserved animal was sent to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, as well as to the natural history department of La Sorbonne in Paris, but no positive reply was forthcoming. For a long time, nobody knew what kind of animal it was until one of the pilots stationed in Laos happened to see the animal on a Laotian postage stamp, part of a stamp series on indigenous animals from Laos, under the name \"Panis Auritas\". Chinese pangolin The Chinese pangolin (\"Manis pentadactyla\") is a pangolin found in northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar,","title":"Chinese pangolin"},{"docid":"17680557","text":"The property the house sits on includes several barns and animal pens, corn cribs, a garage, a blacksmith shop and a carriage house. A family cemetery, surrounded by a low stone wall, is also located on the property. The house and property is still owned by descendents of John Moon Cureton. Cureton-Huff House The Cureton-Huff House is located in Greenville County near Simpsonville, South Carolina on what is now known as West Georgia Road, or County Road 541. The two-story braced-frame farmhouse on a brick pier foundation was built ca 1820 for John Moon Cureton, a wealthy farmer. It was","title":"Cureton-Huff House"},{"docid":"15047698","text":"Mabel died. When B.J. died, half of what was left was relocated to the Putnam Museum in Davenport. The remainder went to the Palmer's three granddaughters and what was left over remains in the house. The house remains a part of Palmer College today and the courtyard became a patio for students. B.J. Palmer House The B.J. Palmer House, also known as the Palmer Family Residence, is a historic building located on the Brady Street Hill in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is on the campus of Palmer College of Chiropractic and has been listed on the National Register of","title":"B.J. Palmer House"},{"docid":"15959616","text":"but on arrival the troops found that they had little to do, their mere presence having restored order. They instead found work assisting in Operation \"Noah\", an animal-rescue exercise made necessary by the construction of the Kariba Dam on the Zambezi and resultant rising of the waters into what became Lake Kariba. The College of Arms produced two colours for the RLI, with Queen Elizabeth II giving final approval to a Queen's colour and a regimental colour on 15 July 1963. The first of these was a standard Union Flag design; the unit's name was marked on a circle, which","title":"History of the Rhodesian Light Infantry (1961–72)"},{"docid":"5663731","text":"are divided into 6 houses called School House, Dusit House, Chitlada House, Phyathai House, Chongruk-Bhakdi House and Saksri-Mongkol House. Overall, the college support students to balance sports and music or arts activities with academic education. Normally boys enter the school at Prathom 4 (Grade 4) and stay on until they finish high school - Mathayom 6 (Grade 12). The royal policy of His Majesty King Rama VI, the founder, was \"\"What I want from the students is not to create all the students to have the same standard as a model student. What I want is to create young men","title":"Vajiravudh College"},{"docid":"18813335","text":"languages, history and kinship. There are several theories on the origin of the name 'Terengganu'. One theory attributes the name's origin to terang ganu, Malay for 'bright rainbow'. Another story, said to have been originally narrated by the ninth Sultan of Terengganu, Baginda Omar, tells of a party of hunters from Pahang roving and hunting in the area of what is now southern Terengganu. One of the hunters spotted a big animal fang lying on the ground. A fellow party member asked to which animal did the fang belong. The hunter, not knowing which animal, simply answered taring anu (Malay:","title":"Terengganuan Malay people"},{"docid":"15365034","text":"and \"Teganung\" as well. There are several theories on the origin of the name 'Terengganu'. One theory attributes the name's origin to terang ganu, Malay for 'bright rainbow'. Another story, said to have been originally narrated by the ninth Sultan of Terengganu, Baginda Omar, tells of a party of hunters from Pahang roving and hunting in the area of what is now southern Terengganu. One of the hunters spotted a big animal fang lying on the ground. A fellow party member asked to which animal did the fang belong. The hunter, not knowing which animal, simply answered taring anu (Malay:","title":"Terengganu Malay"},{"docid":"16701749","text":"basic line as one of the core five girls. She is Meygan's cousin. Sashabella Paws - (Similar to Sasha): Sashabella has the animal kingdom under her spell; she can communicate with creatures everywhere. Her favorite animal to talk to is her pet furball, Fluffinscruff. She loves mixing up faux fur with fuzzy boots. She also loves other fur clothing. Her witchmark is a tribal cat, and her color is light green. Her last name is a pun on the fact that her ability is \"animal chat\". Introduced in the Summer/Fall 2012 First Edition basic line as one of the core","title":"Bratzillaz (House of Witchez)"},{"docid":"295377","text":"issue-long story from October 1982 entitled \"The Utterly Monstrous, Mind-Roasting Summer of O.C. and Stiggs.\" Completed in 1984, the film was not released until 1987, when it was shown in a small number of theaters and without the \"National Lampoon\" name. It was not a success. Following the success of \"Animal House\", \"MAD\" magazine lent its name to a 1980 comedy titled \"Up the Academy\". Although two of \"Animal House\"′s co-writers were the \"Lampoon\"′s Doug Kenney and Chris Miller, \"Up The Academy\" was strictly a licensing maneuver, with no creative input from \"Mad\"′s staff or contributors. It was a critical","title":"National Lampoon (magazine)"},{"docid":"18192537","text":"in the science, psychology and geography departments and well-developed sports grounds. It is centrally located, and almost equidistant (about 60 km) from Mumbai, Karjat and Kasara. This college offers both conventional and professional courses in their spacious campus, classrooms and facilities. College building is a 3-storeyed building. It has good, spacious classrooms, laboratories which has modernised equipment required for smooth functioning. The college has a separate machine room which is equipped with all the machines required for manufacturing and QC testing of pharmaceuticals. College has a separate animal house, which has a CPCSEA approval for breeding animals and experimentation. College","title":"Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy"},{"docid":"17245799","text":"programs are offered in 10 disciplines. College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang The College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) is a sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore located at Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. The college was established in 2006 as an initiative for veterinary education under special consideration of Lt. Gen. (Rtd.) Khalid Maqbool (then Governor of the Punjab and Chancellor, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore). The founder Principal of the college was Prof. Dr. Ashiq Hussain Cheema, who was a renowned Veterinary Pathologist. The current principal is Prof. Dr. Abdul Shakoor. The College","title":"College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang"},{"docid":"7817922","text":"Marston, crossing the River Cherwell. About halfway along South Parks Road, Mansfield Road adjoins to the south. Mansfield College is close to South Parks Road in this section. The road has been the scene of protests by animal rights protesters because of a new animal testing facility that has been built here. Pro-Test has been formed in reaction to the activities of the animal rights movement. Halifax House was located at 8 South Parks Road on the corner with Mansfield Road from 1961, a social club for people associated with Oxford University. The building has since been demolished to make","title":"South Parks Road"},{"docid":"17245797","text":"College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang The College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) is a sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore located at Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. The college was established in 2006 as an initiative for veterinary education under special consideration of Lt. Gen. (Rtd.) Khalid Maqbool (then Governor of the Punjab and Chancellor, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore). The founder Principal of the college was Prof. Dr. Ashiq Hussain Cheema, who was a renowned Veterinary Pathologist. The current principal is Prof. Dr. Abdul Shakoor. The College comprises five major departments offering a","title":"College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang"},{"docid":"12460661","text":"that were supposed descendants of a common ancestor and that sometimes identified themselves as a group with a common name – for example, one taken from an animal. In certain indigenous groups of what are today the Talamanca, sexual relations between people of the same cognatic group were rigorously prohibited, which imposed requirements of exogamy: the men had to look for a wife in another clan. Violators of this rule were buried alive. An matrilocal system of residence prevailed; in other words, a man had to go away to live in the house of his parents-in-law. As a fiancé or","title":"Pre-Columbian history of Costa Rica"},{"docid":"5605131","text":"Brazil and the Algarves (1769–1826) in 1818 with the name of \"Royal Museum\", in an initiative to stimulate scientific research in the Kingdom of Brazil, then a constituent part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Initially the Museum sheltered botanical and animal specimens, especially birds, what caused the old building where it was located in center of Rio de Janeiro, to be known by the population as the \"House of the Birds\". After that, with the marriage of King João VI's eldest son and Brazil's first Emperor, Dom Pedro I (1798–1834), with H.I. & R.H. Archduchess","title":"National Museum (Rio de Janeiro)"},{"docid":"11437790","text":"school's board for more than 20 years. Pritzker was a major donor to the New College of Florida's $2.5 million Marine Biology Research Center, which opened in the late 1990s. In the mid-2000s, an endowment fund and college dormitory were named for Rhoda Pritzker after the Pritzker family's philanthropic foundation gave the college $2 million in her Rhoda's name. Additionally, Pritzker served on the board of trustees of the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art in Sarasota, Florida, during the 1980s. Pritzker helped to establish the Chicago area Animal Protective Association, an animal shelter and adoption service. She also","title":"Rhoda Pritzker"},{"docid":"5989694","text":"the fraternity bought the house at 9 School Street, which was built in 1835 and where the organization continues to reside today. In response to what was perceived as racial prejudice on the part of Phi Kappa Psi's national leadership, Dartmouth's Phi Kappa Psi separated from the national and renamed itself as Phi Sigma Psi in 1967. After years of welcoming female exchange-student boarders, on the first day Dartmouth admitted women in 1972 Phi Psi became the first Dartmouth Greek house to go co-ed. In 1991, the organization changed its name to \"Phi Psi/Panarchy\". In 1993 the college recognized Panarchy","title":"Dartmouth College student groups"},{"docid":"19941327","text":"to ease, which increases the importance of detecting the diseases on the earliest possible stage. It is recommended to alter the lifestyle of the affected animal to accomodate for the condition. Recommendations include limiting the access to the parts of the house that may present danger to the animal, set a consistent schedule for feeding, playing and interacting with the cat, \"talking\" with the animal and calling it by the name so that the familiar voice soothes it, and adding more litterboxes in case the cat experiences excessive urination or defecation. Feline cognitive dysfunction Feline cognitive dysfunction (FCD) is a","title":"Feline cognitive dysfunction"},{"docid":"11506237","text":"drama \"Serpico\". In 1978 Weller starred as a beautiful marine biologist in the made-for-TV film \"Hunters of the Reef\" (1978), and then as professor Andrew Prine's college student lover in the haunted house horror film \"The Evil\" (1978). She achieved perhaps her greatest enduring cult movie popularity with her performance as prissy and uptight sorority sister Mandy Pepperidge in the 1978 hit comedy \"Animal House\". After \"Animal House\", Weller went on to appear in such films as \"The Bell Jar\" (1979), \"Once Upon a Spy\" (1980), \"Forced Vengeance\" (1982), \"Blood Tide\" (1982) and \"Q\" (1982). She acted in several plays","title":"Mary Louise Weller"},{"docid":"9527333","text":"stage before coming to Hollywood to direct Henry Fonda in the film version. Gig Young, who changed his birth name / stage name, Byron Barr, that year, appears unbilled as a student. Olivia de Havilland appeared in this film while simultaneously making \"They Died with Their Boots On\" (1941) starring Errol Flynn, putting the actress under enormous pressure from overwork. \"The Male Animal\" was loosely reworked by Warner Brothers as a musical called \"She's Working Her Way Through College\" (1952), starring Virginia Mayo and Ronald Reagan. In this adaptation, the characters' names are changed. Also, the political theme is discarded","title":"The Male Animal"},{"docid":"10389212","text":"College of Fisheries The College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka is a fisheries education and research institute in India. It was established in 1969 by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The college has become part of the newly established Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar. The college has twin campuses. The main campus with administrative block, library, Aquaculture, Fishery Microbiology, Fisheries Resources and Management and Fisheries Environment and Ecology departments, hostels (for men and women), training centre, guest house, auditorium, sports complex, swimming pool, post office and bank is at Yekkur, Kankanady, Mangalore on NH 17. The Technology","title":"College of Fisheries"},{"docid":"474383","text":"of danger. The fire did not reach any of the main enclosures, and no animals were killed directly by the fire, although deaths of a clapper rail and kiang were attributed to indirect effects of the blaze. On June 30, 2010 the San Diego Zoo board of trustees voted to change the name of the park from the Wild Animal Park to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park to clarify what it offers, since some visitors were unclear as to the difference between the zoo proper and the \"animal park\". The name \"safari\" is supposed to emphasize \"the park's spacious","title":"San Diego Zoo Safari Park"},{"docid":"9518292","text":"who has also noticed the sheep's attractiveness. But unlike the lustful Miranda, Alberto is deeply in love with Fanny. In a delicate scene full of ambiguous nuances, he tries to teach her to pronounce his name, recognizing what he wants to hear in her inarticulate bleating. He becomes mortally jealous of a black ram and finally stages a marriage ceremony on the lawn to cement his love. Alberto ruthlessly eliminates all those who refuse to understand his feelings, and story slips into blood-soaked horror mode. The film premiered in Argentina on 6 September 2001. Animal (2001 film) Animalada (English: Animal)","title":"Animal (2001 film)"},{"docid":"15463937","text":"who also specialize in the Apple Store design. New College House West will as of 2021 replace New College Hall as the newest building in the College House system. Situated next to the three high rises and two low rises in High Rise Field, it will open to students in the Fall of the 2021-2022 academic year. Harnwell College House, Harrison College House, and Rodin College House collectively make up the three High Rise dormitories. Along with the two Low Rise dorms, they are located off of Locust Walk between 38th and 40th streets in what is referred to as","title":"University of Pennsylvania College Houses"},{"docid":"15584834","text":"Cory House (College Park, Maryland) The Cory House, constructed circa 1891, is one of the oldest private residences in College Park, Maryland. The house is an example of Queen Anne style architecture. The house is a registered Prince George's County Historic Site. The house is named for its association with Professor Ernest Cory, who purchased the house in 1926 and resided there through 1975. Professor Cory graduated from the University of Maryland in 1909 and later served on the faculty, eventually chairing the Department of Entomology. The architecture of the Cory House is in part what provides its historical value.","title":"Cory House (College Park, Maryland)"},{"docid":"4370371","text":"2015. July.22 Appointed as Life-Long learning focused college by the Ministry of Education 2016. March.01 Approved to change the name of the college to Donga College of Health (동아보건대학교) Donga College of Health Donga College of Health is a privately owned secondary education college in Yeongam County, South Jeolla province, South Korea. The current president is Kim Kyung-Taik (김경택). More than 50 professors are providing education in Nursing, Social Welfare, Emergency Medical, Early Child Education, Occupational Therapy and Companion Animal Welfare fields. More than 10,000 students have graduated over the 20 years since 1996. Donga College of Health provides a","title":"Donga College of Health"},{"docid":"13884658","text":"The Animal Kingdom The Animal Kingdom (also known as The Woman in His House in the UK) is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy-drama film directed by Edward H. Griffith based upon a comedy of manners of the same name by Philip Barry. The film stars Leslie Howard, Ann Harding, Myrna Loy, William Gargan, Ilka Chase, and Neil Hamilton. Howard, Gargan, and Chase also starred in the play when it opened on Broadway on 12 January 1932. Tom Collier (Leslie Howard) is a book publisher who has been living in the city with his best friend and lover Daisy Sage (Ann","title":"The Animal Kingdom"},{"docid":"11149187","text":"Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER) (formerly Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RAGACOVAS) is a veterinary college in Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry), India. Founded in 1994 in accordance to the standards of Veterinary medicine education in India, set by the Veterinary Council of India, the college is affiliated to the Pondicherry University. It is an educational institute for imparting undergraduate and masters specializations in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, as well as having a veterinary hospital/clinic providing veterinary health care in the region. The college was inaugurated","title":"Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"},{"docid":"9670432","text":"with our daughter and everything was totally fucked, and I was just like, What can I do? \"The Past Is a Grotesque Animal\" is about that. The lyrics tell the story of what was really going on and the music sort of represents this other emotion that I wish existed. The music was really happy because I wanted to make something that would lift my spirits.\"Heimdalsgate\" is the name of the street in Oslo on which Barnes lived; the suffix \"-gate\" translates from the Norwegian language to mean \"street.\" The name of the street is more precisely Heimdalsgata, Heimdalsgate with","title":"Heimdalsgate Like a Promethean Curse"},{"docid":"13362241","text":"College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner The College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, formerly Rajasthan Veterinary College, also known as Veterinary College, Bikaner, is a constituent college of Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. This college was established on 16 August 1954 as Rajasthan Veterinary College. It then became a part of the Rajasthan University. In 1962 the Rajasthan Agriculture University was started and the college became part of it. In 1964 it became affiliated with the University of Udaipur. When the Rajasthan Agricultural University was bifurcated from the University of Udaipur in 1987, the college a","title":"College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner"},{"docid":"16827808","text":"Kel, Azad Kashmir Kel () is a village in Neelam Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located from Muzaffarabad at the altitude of feet. Kel is known as a kail because this place was a centre of Pakistan's national animal markhoor which is known as kill bakhra (a goat like animal which kills) in local language. Buses run daily between Muzaffarabad and Kel in good weather. Few private hotels and a rest house of AJK Tourism and Archeology Department located there for tourists stay. It also has a bank, college, hospital and a bazaar. The Kel is located near Line","title":"Kel, Azad Kashmir"},{"docid":"15543698","text":"1977. She then worked briefly as an animal control officer, as a cult deprogrammer, and as a Berkeley, California, reserve police officer. As an 18-year-old college student in 1960, Einstein was the only person with a recognized name among the dozens of people arrested in San Francisco at a peaceful protest against the House Un-American Activities Committee. After her divorce, she stated that she was impoverished. She claims that she was homeless, she slept in cars, scrounged for discarded food and described herself as a dumpster-diver for three months. From the mid 1990’s up to her death in 2011, she","title":"Evelyn Einstein"},{"docid":"20440344","text":"shield of Sansfoy. This “vanity-driven fight” shows that he continues to value prize over modesty, despite his encounter with the House of Pride. In the House of Pride, Redcrosse Knight sees Lucifera on a chariot being pulled by six counselors riding animals. With Lucifera symbolizing the sin of pride, the remaining six sins are represented by her counselors. Each counselor slightly resembles the animal he is riding. Pride- Lucifera, whose name derives from Lucifer, is ruler of the six counselors in The Faerie Queene. She represents pride because she takes pride in her name, which can be seen as paying","title":"House of Pride (Faerie Queene)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"823151\",\n \"text\": \"(Neidemeyer's horse, Junior, and John Belushi each received $40,000), the decision cost Sutherland what he estimates as $14 million. The star's participation, however, was crucial; Landis later said \\\"It was Donald Sutherland who essentially got the film made.\\\" \\\"Pinto\\\" was screenwriter Chris Miller's nickname at his Dartmouth fraternity. DeWayne Jessie adopted the \\\"Otis Day\\\" name in his private life and continued touring with the band. The filmmakers' next problem was finding a college that would let them shoot the film on their campus. They submitted the script to a number of colleges and universities but \\\"nobody wanted this movie\\\" due\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15996245\",\n \"text\": \"the Gorgon Painter uses the Animal-Style; depicting real and fantastical animals in friezes around the vases which is considered to be a Corinthian tradition. The better recorded artist Sophilos is said to be influenced by the Gorgon Painter, continuing work in the black-figure style and animal-style. The Gorgon Painter is considered to use the Corinthian style, or animal style, in his pottery. The name comes from its place of popularity, Corinth. Not to be mistaken with the Greek order of the same name, within Corinthian, there are different subsets including what is called “Animal-Style” which is what the Gorgon painter\",\n \"title\": \"Gorgon Painter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9903427\",\n \"text\": \"Bicton College Bicton College is a college with around 1,000 full-time and 3,500 part-time pupils, located near Budleigh Salterton, Devon, England. The college specialises in agriculture and currently offers courses in such topics as animal care, countryside management, horticulture, veterinary nursing, and agricultural engineering, aboriculture and floristry. The college's courses range from level 1 all the way to foundation degrees. For the level-4 courses the college works in partnership with the University of Plymouth. The college was founded under the name Bicton Farm Institute in 1947, when the Devon County Council leased Bicton House and part of the Bicton Park\",\n \"title\": \"Bicton College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4932290\",\n \"text\": \"the series halfway through the production of the season to host his own show, \\\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\\\" on NBC. O'Brien was informed that he had been hired by NBC not long before the recording session for this episode began, and he was forced to walk out on his contract. The concept of the episode was that Homer attends college, but bases his entire understanding of what college is on \\\"bad \\\"Animal House\\\" rip-off movies\\\". O'Brien mentioned in the DVD commentary that the antics of the characters Benjamin, Doug, and Gary were based on three \\\"incredible nerds\\\" who lived\",\n \"title\": \"Homer Goes to College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12663375\",\n \"text\": \"Wallaceville road. A public house that stood at the corner of what is now Fergusson Drive and Ward Street had a variety of names, including \\\"Highland Home\\\", \\\"Railway Hotel\\\", and \\\"Trentham Hotel\\\" before being named \\\"Quinn's Post\\\" by licensee Richard Quinn, as a tribute to the heroism of the ANZACs at Gallipoli, as recounted by his brother in a letter home from the front line. When a petrol station was built on the corner, and a tavern built next door, both retained the name Quinn's Post. The Wallaceville Animal Research Centre was a Government-owned veterinary and animal research centre established\",\n \"title\": \"Wallaceville\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18553738\",\n \"text\": \"and high school? <br> 16) What was the name of your first boyfriend/girlfriend? <br> 17) What was the color, year, make and model of you first car (if any)? <br> 18) What is the color, year, make and model of current car? <br> 19) What was your most memorable childhood pet? <br> 20) What was its name and what kind of animal? <br> 21) How did it die? <br> 22) Do you currently have pets? <br> 23) Current pet names? What kind of animal?<br> 24) Who were your neighbors growing up? <br> 25) Who are your current neighbors? <br> 26)\",\n \"title\": \"Cookie Cutter (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15071588\",\n \"text\": \"microwave being developed is called TK-421, the same designation of a storm trooper on the Death Star in \\\"Star Wars\\\". Jack states that all GE products must be \\\"Six Sigmas\\\" to perfection. This refers to a business management strategy to improve quality of production outputs. This episode features the song \\\"Aqualung\\\" by Jethro Tull. In the post-credits scene, the episode plays graduation music and mimics the well-known college movie \\\"National Lampoon's Animal House\\\" with lines over the credits that indicate what the characters did in the future. During this sequence, Jack is said to have \\\"spent the night on a\",\n \"title\": \"College (30 Rock)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13501122\",\n \"text\": \"and a number of other native and non-native Central Plains wildlife. Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine is consulted on difficult or unusual cases. Western Plains Animal Refuge utilizes dog runs, small animal cages, outdoor small animal cages, flight pens, deer pens, large animal pens, a hen house, surgical recuperation cages and isolation rooms to house animals at the facility. In addition, it provides socialization and exercise rooms, including a large cat room, a dog-walking area and animal-friendly reception area. Animals are exercised and socialized regularly and are not confined to inappropriately small cages. Many domestic animals are cageless\",\n \"title\": \"Western Plains Animal Refuge\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"823166\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Newsweek\\\", \\\"But if \\\"Animal House\\\" lacks the inspired tastelessness of the Lampoon's \\\"High School Yearbook Parody\\\", this is still low humor of a high order\\\". Robert Martin wrote in \\\"The Globe and Mail\\\", \\\"It is so gross and tasteless you feel you should be disgusted but it's hard to be offended by something that is so sidesplittingly funny\\\". \\\"Time\\\" magazine proclaimed \\\"Animal House\\\" one of the year's best. When the film was released, Landis, Widdoes and Allen went on a national promotional tour. Universal Pictures spent about $4.5 million promoting the film at selected college campuses and helped students organize\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10890424\",\n \"text\": \"workers and ministers. It has undergone a number of name changes since. The Newbold name was taken from its Newbold Revel location to the east of Rugby, Warwickshire, during World War II. Another wartime Warwickshire location was Packwood House, between Solihull and Stratford-Upon-Avon, Warwickshire. In 1945 the College purchased Moor Close, the first acquisition of what would become the present-day campus. One factor for this choice was its proximity to Oxford and London. The existing campus is also within close proximity to Heathrow Airport. Moor Close is a Grade II listed redbrick Jacobethan house built in 1881. It was extended\",\n \"title\": \"Newbold College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10794014\",\n \"text\": \"to the funded animal. Sponsors who have donated more than 500 lats also receive a plaque in a stand near the central entrance of zoo. If many sponsors have contributed to building of an animal house, a stand listing all sponsors may be place at the animal house in question. Sponsors who have contributed more than 50% of funding for animal house can also name the building. Riga Zoo enacts several scientific research and wild life conservation projects. Owls are monitored since 1985 in Pape. The aim of the project is to collect information of owl migration in northern Europe\",\n \"title\": \"Riga Zoo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11738867\",\n \"text\": \"Pawly Pets: My Animal Hospital Pawly Pets: My Animal Hospital is a video game by Ubisoft and Focus Multimedia for the Nintendo DS and Windows. The game is about an animal hospital, and the player is a veterinarian, with an optional name. The title of the clinic is also optional. It can teach you about the different kinds of diseases that pets can get, and about the instruments that a real vet would use. It is also a virtual way of finding out what a vet would do. There are lots of animals with the same name, so there is\",\n \"title\": \"Pawly Pets: My Animal Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1175303\",\n \"text\": \"as Visitor remained in force. In 1329, the college received by royal grant a large house belonging to the Crown, known as La Oriole, on the site of what is now First Quad. It is from this property that the college acquired its common name, \\\"Oriel\\\"; the name was in use from about 1349. The word referred to an \\\"oratoriolum\\\", or oriel window, forming a feature of the earlier property. In the early 1410s several Fellows of Oriel took part in the disturbances accompanying Archbishop Arundel's attempt to stamp out Lollardy in the University; the Lollard belief that religious power\",\n \"title\": \"Oriel College, Oxford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15470288\",\n \"text\": \"1936 the Department of Landscape Architecture was formed which merged with Horticulture to form the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture in 1942. In 1955 the same was shortened to just Horticulture which stayed as the name until the merger with the agronomy department. The Animal Husbandry Department was organized in 1920 as well. It was renamed in 1953 the Department of Animal Husbandry and Poultry Husbandry. In 1954 when the new college was formed the department went back to the shorter name. In 1965 the department name was changed to Animal Science Department. Bacteriology was not formed as a\",\n \"title\": \"BYU College of Life Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16270953\",\n \"text\": \"Pet House The Pet House, also known as Monroe Hall, is a residence hall at Washington & Jefferson College that allows students to live with their family pets. It has been identified as part of a growing trend of pet-friendly dormitories across the United States. Monroe Hall is part of the Presidents' Row cluster of residence halls. It is one of several other \\\"Theme Communities\\\" developed by the college; others include \\\"Leadership & Service Community\\\" and the \\\"International House.\\\" Plans for the Pet House began shortly after animal lover Tori Haring-Smith took office as college president in January 2005. She\",\n \"title\": \"Pet House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3658435\",\n \"text\": \"which may arguably be considered the first-ever college \\\"toga party\\\". The Guinness World Record for the largest toga party is 3,700 participants. The event, organized by the University of Queensland Union and the Queensland University of Technology Student Guild, was held on 24 February 2012 at Riverstage in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Toga parties were depicted in the 1978 film \\\"Animal House\\\", which propelled the ritual into a widespread and enduring practice. Chris Miller, who was one of the writers of \\\"Animal House\\\", attended Dartmouth College where the toga party was a popular costume event at major fraternity parties (such as\",\n \"title\": \"Toga party\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4320230\",\n \"text\": \"Technology. It opened as Yonam High Technology School of Animal Husbandry in 1974. The school became Yonam College of Agriculture in 1998. The current name was adopted on September 1, 2003, exactly six months after Seo assumed the presidency. Cheonan Yonam College Cheonan Yonam College is a private agricultural college in South Korea. Its campus is in a rural area of Cheonan City, in South Chungcheong province. The current president is Kyoung-deok Seo. The entering class of 2003 numbered 520 students. The school's offerings are centered on agriculture and allied fields. The majors are divided among the divisions of Animal\",\n \"title\": \"Cheonan Yonam College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3525065\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth II, the reigning Canadian monarch, granted permission for use of the prefix \\\"royal\\\", as requested to the federal Cabinet by the college's board of directors. However some, including Allan MacMaster, Member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for Inverness, objected to the name change as offensive to Nova Scotians descended from Highlanders who had had to leave Scotland because of the Highland Clearances. In response Kirk McRae, the Acting Chair of the Gaelic College, said it was \\\"just an honour of name, it doesn't take away what the goals are of the college ... that is to grow\",\n \"title\": \"The Gaelic College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10553858\",\n \"text\": \"success. The film built up a steady following in Virginia before being widely distributed nationwide. The film was constantly in Variety’s top 50 list. Janet Maslin of \\\"The New York Times\\\" called it \\\"a zesty movie of its kind, though its kind is bound to seem stupid to some and objectionable to others ... the actors are fresh and likable, and at least they don't stand still long enough to wear out their welcome.\\\" \\\"Variety\\\" wrote that the film \\\"does to softball what 'Animal House' and 'Meatballs' did to college and summer camp. But if they rated tastelessness, this battle\",\n \"title\": \"Squeeze Play!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9837109\",\n \"text\": \"before admission and registration. The candidates have to produce a medical certificate of physical fitness in the form prescribed by the Universities from a Registered Medical Officer. <poem> Livestock Products Technology Department of Animal Biotechnology Veterinary Anatomy Animal Physiology Animal Bio Chemistry & Bio Technology Veterinary Microbiology Livestock Production & Management Animal Genetics & Breeding Veterinary Parasitology Veterinary Surgery & Radiology Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics Veterinary Pathology Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Pharmacology Reproductive Biology Research Poultry Science Animal Nutrition Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex Veterinary Public Health Department of Animal Biotechnology LIvestock Research Station </poem> AAVCA is the name of\",\n \"title\": \"College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5300256\",\n \"text\": \"2 for women (The House of the Angels). There is a Central Animal House with a wide range of common laboratory animals, for conduction of research programmes. The hospital is 500 meters to the west of the main college campus, and the men's hostel is 500 meters southeast of the campus.The college is among the top 5 in terms of UG course (MBBS) offered across the state Tamil Nadu. The Tirunelveli Medical College, along with its primary teaching hospital, is located at High Ground in Palayamkottai in the city of Tirunelveli, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The college,\",\n \"title\": \"Tirunelveli Medical College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9864952\",\n \"text\": \"we-have, meat for-we-roast-with). A limited range of serial-type constructions are found. A notable case of this is the use of the verb \\\"walk\\\" following another verb, as in: \\\"Men of Rama Cay go to look for manatee in the lagoon\\\" (island from man manatee they-seek walk lagoon side). The morphological analysis of \\\"they go to look for\\\" is: (PREVERB-they-seek walk-PRESENT). Noun and adjective predicates are constructed without a copula, in the order Subject + Predicate, e.g. \\\"This is my house\\\" (this my house), \\\"His name is Basilio\\\" (his name Basilio), \\\"The manatee is a big animal\\\" (manatee animal big), \\\"My\",\n \"title\": \"Rama language\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5573693\",\n \"text\": \"The Party Animal The Party Animal is a movie written and directed by David Beaird. Since its inauspicious debut in 1984, it has become a minor cult classic. \\\"The Party Animal\\\" is a documentary-style comedy about a sex-starved man, Pondo Sinatra, a 26-year-old college student whom everyone agrees is doomed to die a virgin. Desperate to break what seems to be a cosmic curse, he tries ever more bizarre schemes to seduce one of the sexy, scantily-clad women who seem to be everywhere, taunting him and enjoying his misery. Despite his best efforts, however, he is rejected everywhere, even at\",\n \"title\": \"The Party Animal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7668644\",\n \"text\": \"birds and other animal noises. An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches south to Hasketon with a total population taken at the 2011 Census of 2,272. Otley, Suffolk Otley is a village located in the county of Suffolk, England, about eight miles north of Ipswich. The village is home to Otley Hall, a 16th-century, Grade I listed house which was historically the seat of the family of Bartholomew Gosnold, and Easton & Otley College, offering vocationally focused courses in a number of areas. It is the birthplace of Roger Osborne who scored the only goal of\",\n \"title\": \"Otley, Suffolk\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"823137\",\n \"text\": \"outcomes. \\\"Animal House\\\" was the first film produced by \\\"National Lampoon\\\", the most popular humor magazine on college campuses in the mid-1970s. The periodical specialized in satirizing politics and popular culture. Many of the magazine's writers were recent college graduates, hence its appeal to students all over the country. Doug Kenney was a \\\"Lampoon\\\" writer and the magazine's first editor-in-chief. He graduated from Harvard University in 1969 and had a college experience closer to the Omegas in the film (he had been president of the university's elite Spee Club). Kenney was responsible for the first appearances of three characters that\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"56834\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"one of the most important parts of the university experience\\\" for many. The Reuters news agency nicknamed Gate House \\\"U of T's Animal House\\\" because Donald Sutherland's memories of its parties are said to have influenced the script of the 1978 movie. The Toronto Star described Gooch's decision to put an end to its traditions, activities and distinguishing characteristics as \\\"neutering Animal House.\\\" Gate House has three floors which house 28 students, as well as a don and the Victoria College Residence Life Co-ordinator. Above the gate there is a tower that rises three stories higher and has a turret-style\",\n \"title\": \"Burwash Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3389450\",\n \"text\": \"overhauled development plan for what had come to be derisively called the \\\"Sugar Hole\\\", eliminating the originally planned office space and replacing the condos with apartments. The street-level retail would remain as originally proposed. Funding for the project was finally secured in 2011 and the project was completed in 2013. Sugar House, Salt Lake City Sugar House is a neighborhood in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is one of the city's oldest neighborhoods and the name is officially two words. Sugar House is the site of Westminster College. Sugar House is home to two shopping centers that collectively\",\n \"title\": \"Sugar House, Salt Lake City\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7342807\",\n \"text\": \"Americans laid claim to four equal strips of land in what is now downtown Berkeley, bounded on the north by what is today the alignment of Addison Street, and on the south, by Dwight Way. Among these claimants was Francis K. Shattuck. Shattuck's portion lay west of what is now Shattuck Avenue. He built a house here at the site of what is today the Hotel Shattuck Plaza. The county road going to Oakland along his property was informally called \\\"Shattuck's road\\\", but the planners of the College of California dubbed the street \\\"Guyot\\\" on their plat map. That name\",\n \"title\": \"Downtown Berkeley, Berkeley, California\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7474482\",\n \"text\": \"Delta House Delta House is an American sitcom that was adapted from the 1978 film \\\"National Lampoon's Animal House.\\\" The series aired from January 18 to April 21, 1979 on ABC. Cast members reprising their roles from \\\"Animal House\\\" included John Vernon (Dean Wormer), Stephen Furst (Flounder), Bruce McGill (D-Day), and James Widdoes (Hoover). Priscilla Lauris, who played Dean Wormer's secretary in the movie, also returned to reprise her role, and her character was given a name (Miss Leonard). Josh Mostel was cast as Jim \\\"Blotto\\\" Blutarsky, brother of Bluto, the character played in the film by John Belushi. Despite\",\n \"title\": \"Delta House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1959422\",\n \"text\": \"14% share. This represented a 28% rating increase and a 27% share increase over KTLA's regularly scheduled \\\"Happy Days\\\"/\\\"Laverne and Shirley\\\". Ramis left \\\"SCTV\\\" to pursue a film career and wrote a script with \\\"National Lampoon\\\" magazine's Douglas Kenney, which eventually became \\\"National Lampoon's Animal House\\\". They were later joined by a third collaborator, Chris Miller. The 1978 film followed the struggle between a rowdy college fraternity house and the college dean. The film's humor was raunchy for its time. \\\"Animal House\\\" \\\"broke all box-office records for comedies\\\" and earned $141 million. Ramis next co-wrote the comedy \\\"Meatballs\\\", starring Bill\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Ramis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12372591\",\n \"text\": \"college has extensive facilities considering its relatively small size. It has an on-campus library, science building and is based on a very large and landscaped 550 acre estate. These facilities include 2 indoor riding schools - one brand new, an equine Hydrotherapy unit and a therapy barn. The Animal unit – now named the Titchmarsh Centre for Animal Studies after the College Patron - includes various specifically designed areas such as the reptile house and the state of the art Dog Grooming room. The campus farm has recently received a new herd of cattle as well are planning for the\",\n \"title\": \"Writtle University College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15184708\",\n \"text\": \"World of Chaser\\\". Chaser (dog) Chaser is a Border Collie with the largest tested memory of any non-human animal. She can identify and retrieve 1,022 toys by name. She was taught by retired Wofford College professor and psychologist John W. Pilley, with the formal research published. Chaser's owner (John W. Pilley) died on Sunday, June 17, 2018. In April, he had been diagnosed with leukemia. Pilley would have turned ninety on July 1, 2018. In addition to being able to recognize the names of more than one thousand toys, she recognizes common nouns such as house, tree and ball. Based\",\n \"title\": \"Chaser (dog)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15184706\",\n \"text\": \"Chaser (dog) Chaser is a Border Collie with the largest tested memory of any non-human animal. She can identify and retrieve 1,022 toys by name. She was taught by retired Wofford College professor and psychologist John W. Pilley, with the formal research published. Chaser's owner (John W. Pilley) died on Sunday, June 17, 2018. In April, he had been diagnosed with leukemia. Pilley would have turned ninety on July 1, 2018. In addition to being able to recognize the names of more than one thousand toys, she recognizes common nouns such as house, tree and ball. Based on that learning,\",\n \"title\": \"Chaser (dog)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4971804\",\n \"text\": \"1975. The song, as performed by Otis Day and the Knights, was also prominently featured in the 1978 fraternity house film \\\"National Lampoon's Animal House\\\". To this day, the song is regularly performed at Dartmouth College, the Ivy League institution in Hanover, New Hampshire, upon which the \\\"Animal House\\\" story was based, and at the University of Oregon, where the movie was filmed. Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 1996 album \\\"\\\" with Simon providing the lead vocals. The Beatles included a live version of the song on their 1996 rarities compilation, \\\"Anthology 1\\\". American rock group\",\n \"title\": \"Shout (The Isley Brothers song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11098827\",\n \"text\": \"which allows the animals to adapt to their surroundings. Additionally, it is recommended that for every tree that is cut down that another one be planted elsewhere in the forest. Typically, the costs of animal observation are minuscule. As previously stated, animal observation can be done on a small or large scale; it just depends what goal an individual has in mind. For example, animal observation can be performed in the backyard of a house or at a local state park at no charge. All one would have to do is take a notepad, phone, or other device to write\",\n \"title\": \"Wildlife observation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4859457\",\n \"text\": \"Rizzoli, portrayed by Angie Harmon. Korsak saved Rizzoli's life from serial killer, Charles Hoyt. Korsak shot Hoyt's partner just before Hoyt was about to kill Rizzoli with a knife. In the episode \\\"She Works Hard for the Money\\\" of \\\"Rizzoli & Isles\\\" (season 1 episode 4) Korsak is asked where he went to college. He responds \\\"Didn't. Watched \\\"Animal House\\\" a few times\\\", which is a reference to his \\\"Animal House\\\" persona. McGill also had a recurring voice role on \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\" as Lloyd Waterman, the homosexual owner of Waterman Cable, where Cleveland Brown is employed as a cable\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce McGill\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12110019\",\n \"text\": \"Iviswold Iviswold, also known as \\\"The Castle\\\", is a house originally constructed in 1869 located in what is now Rutherford, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It was placed on the List of Registered Historic Places in New Jersey on November 4, 2004. The house is part of the Rutherford campus of Felician College and underwent a renovation that was completed in 2013. The home was built in 1869 by Floyd W. Tomkins who called it \\\"Hill House\\\". It was purchased in 1887 by David Brinkerhoff Ivison who greatly expanded it and gave the home the name \\\"Iviswold\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"Iviswold\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2074289\",\n \"text\": \"pretensions of power and importance.\\\"\\\" Oren Segal, co-director of Anti-Defamation League's Center on Extremism, believes the group consists of the same few \\\"\\\"lone wolves\\\"\\\" that carry out actions in the name of the ALF and Earth Liberation Front (ELF), \\\"\\\"the names are interchangeable...they’re going to rename themselves depending on what actions they’re doing.\\\"\\\" The existence of activists calling themselves the Revolutionary Cells or Animal Rights Militia (ARM), another name used to inflict violence, reflects a struggle within the Animal Liberation Front and the animal rights movement in general, between those who believe violence and terror tactics are justified, and those\",\n \"title\": \"Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20833230\",\n \"text\": \"an orchard to its north (on what is now 38-42b Fernleigh Road), a boat shed further north, in front of what is now 2 Coonabarabran Place, three small boatsheds further north, in front of what is now 1 and 3 Coonabarabran Place, stables on what is now the eastern side of 60 and 62 Fernleigh Road, various sheds along what is now the southern part of 62 and 64a Fernleigh Road, and further south what appear to be animal pens on what is now the eastern part of 68 and 70 Fernleigh Road. The house had significant alterations in this\",\n \"title\": \"Fernleigh, Caringbah South\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4963744\",\n \"text\": \"days' electronic monitoring. He has appealed the decision. Vlasak has been criticized for appearing to legitimize the use of violence against animal researchers. He told an animal rights conference in 2003: Following the August 2, 2008 firebombing of a house belonging to University of California Santa Cruz animal researchers, Vlasak was quoted as saying \\\"This guy knows what he is doing. He knows that every day that he goes into the laboratory and hurts animals that it is unreasonable not to expect consequences.\\\" The controversy continued in July 2004 when Jamie Doward of \\\"The Observer\\\" wrote that Vlasak had told\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Vlasak\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3671958\",\n \"text\": \"Giganotosaurus Giganotosaurus ( ) is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Argentina, during the early Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 98 to 97 million years ago. The holotype specimen was discovered in the Candeleros Formation of Patagonia in 1993, and is almost 70% complete. The animal was named G. carolinii in 1995; the genus name translates as \\\"giant southern lizard\\\" and the specific name honours the discoverer, Rubén D. Carolini. A dentary bone, a tooth and some tracks, discovered before the holotype, were later assigned to this animal. The genus attracted much\",\n \"title\": \"Giganotosaurus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13059597\",\n \"text\": \"Pumilia Pumilia novaceki is an extinct iguanid that lived in what is now Palm Springs, California, from the Blancan to Irvingtonian stages of the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. It is currently known from a partially crushed skull. Features of the skull show both basal iguanian features, and characters very similar to the extant \\\"Iguana\\\", suggesting that the living animal may have resembled a juvenile green iguana. The genus name, Pumilia, means \\\"diminutive\\\" in Latin, in reference to how the living animal would have resembled a very small iguana. The specific name honors Michael J. Novacek, a colleague and friend of\",\n \"title\": \"Pumilia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13059598\",\n \"text\": \"the describer, Mark Norell. Pumilia Pumilia novaceki is an extinct iguanid that lived in what is now Palm Springs, California, from the Blancan to Irvingtonian stages of the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. It is currently known from a partially crushed skull. Features of the skull show both basal iguanian features, and characters very similar to the extant \\\"Iguana\\\", suggesting that the living animal may have resembled a juvenile green iguana. The genus name, Pumilia, means \\\"diminutive\\\" in Latin, in reference to how the living animal would have resembled a very small iguana. The specific name honors Michael J. Novacek, a\",\n \"title\": \"Pumilia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16400098\",\n \"text\": \"Uncle - tadai( father's younger brother) ayong( father's elder brother) mamai ( Mother's younger brother) Come - phoi Came - fidom Go - li Went - lidom See - ni Eat - cha Drink - nung Sit - khejong What - inda/naji Why - indana Where - pado When - pakhal Who - sar Which - sare Home - no Tree - phang Animal - marat/mareng Human - libing, libung come here - ijing phoi Simple phrase What is your name - Ne mung inda? My name is Pangsai - ange mung Pangsai What are you doing - inda/naji rido?\",\n \"title\": \"Tiwa language (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6179699\",\n \"text\": \"Ecchi\\\" (both over 300 chapters as of 2010). A number of \\\"Young Animal\\\" manga series have been adapted as anime. \\\"(Names are in alphabetical order, family name shown last)\\\" Young Animal (magazine) It was first issued in 1989 as \\\"Animal House\\\" and was renamed \\\"Young Animal\\\" in 1992. It may have been a reboot of an earlier Hakusensha shōnen magazine entitled \\\"Gekkan Shōnen Jets\\\" (launched in 1981) which was discontinued in the late 1980s. The magazine is published by Hakusensha and issued on the second and fourth Fridays of each month in saddle-stapled B5 format, selling for 460 yen. The\",\n \"title\": \"Young Animal (magazine)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"449904\",\n \"text\": \"House residence) memories of its parties are said to have influenced the script of the 1978 movie. The Toronto Star described Gooch's decision to put an end to its traditions, activities and distinguishing characteristics as \\\"neutering Animal House.\\\" Famous Victoria alumni include Margaret Atwood, Lester B. Pearson, Don Harron, and Donald Sutherland. Victoria University, Toronto Victoria University is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1836 and named for Queen Victoria. It is commonly called Victoria College, informally \\\"Vic\\\", after the original academic component that now forms its undergraduate division. Since 1928, Victoria College has retained secular studies\",\n \"title\": \"Victoria University, Toronto\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20099724\",\n \"text\": \"Fuzz Academy Fuzz Academy (fuzzacademy.com) was a virtual pet website and social media outlet targeted to a younger audience. Users could create fuzzy animal 'cadets', feed them, dress them up, and play minigames to earn the site's currency, 'hairballs'. The game mimicked a college setting, allowing the user to place their cadet into one of four houses: House Optimus, House Tempesto, House Pacifica, and House Rogue. The site was created by Marie Lu in 2008 as a personal project which grew exponentially until its eventual hacking and closing in 2011. Users were allowed one cadet – an animal mascot of\",\n \"title\": \"Fuzz Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15345356\",\n \"text\": \"under this name was \\\"Here Comes the Indian\\\", which was released in 2003 by their newly formed record label, Paw Tracks, formed with Carpark Records' Todd Hyman. Animal Collective makes decisions on what Paw Tracks is to release, while Hyman runs the day-to-day operations. The group was happy to find someone like Hyman, who had experience running a label and was dedicated to the group's music; the Animal label was more or less abandoned upon the formation of Paw Tracks. \\\"Here Comes the Indian\\\" was the first record to feature all four of Animal Collective. After the two releases in\",\n \"title\": \"Animal Collective\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"823139\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Night of the Seven Fires\\\" about pledging experiences from his fraternity days in Alpha Delta (associated with the national Alpha Delta Phi during Miller's undergraduate years, the fraternity subsequently disassociated itself from the national organization and is now called Alpha Delta) at the Ivy League's Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire. The antics of his fellow fraternities, coupled with experiences like that of a road trip to University of Wisconsin-Madison and its Delta Chi Fraternity, became the inspiration for the Delta Tau Chis of \\\"Animal House\\\" and many characters in the film (and their nicknames) were based on Miller's\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720961\",\n \"text\": \"the university's other campuses. What was the Tottenham campus started life as St Katharine's College, one of the first British teacher training colleges in 1878, later to become the College of All Saints, a Church of England college of higher education and a constituent college of the Institute of Education, University of London, for whose degrees it taught. The name change was a result of the 1964 union of St Katharine's with Berridge House, Hampstead, on the Tottenham site. The college expanded in the 1960s, although much of the campus retained its Victorian architecture. The College was highly regarded while\",\n \"title\": \"Middlesex University\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1781814\",\n \"text\": \"a new car line, project designation \\\"XP-836\\\", with a name that Chevrolet chose in keeping with other car names beginning with the letter \\\"C\\\" such as the Corvair, Chevelle, Chevy II, and Corvette. He claimed the name, \\\"suggests the comradeship of good friends as a personal car should be to its owner\\\" and that \\\"to us, the name means just what we think the car will do... go.\\\" The \\\"Camaro\\\" name was then unveiled. Automotive press asked Chevrolet product managers, \\\"what is a Camaro?\\\" and were told it was \\\"a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs\\\". According to the book\",\n \"title\": \"Chevrolet Camaro\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20077132\",\n \"text\": \"non-profit corporation. International Society for Animal Rights was the first organization in the United States (and probably the world) to express in its corporate name the moral principle guiding the organization: animal rights. The first federal and state court legal cases in the United States to use the word animal rights were in lawsuits brought by International Society for Animal Rights. ISAR's founder, the late Helen Jones, was one of the early and few pioneers in what would decades later become known as the animal rights movement. She fervently believed that humans have a moral responsibility to animals that can\",\n \"title\": \"International Society for Animal Rights\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3624646\",\n \"text\": \"fraternity. The house dissociated from its parent corporation in 1969 and renamed itself The Alpha Delta Fraternity. Alpha Delta is well known for being part of the inspiration behind the movie \\\"National Lampoon's Animal House\\\". The screenplay, co-written by Chris Miller, class of 1963, was inspired by a pair of short stories Miller wrote in \\\"National Lampoon\\\" in 1974 and 1975 (\\\"The Night of the Seven Fires\\\" and \\\"Pinto's First Lay\\\") about his experiences as a member of Alpha Delta. In November 2006, Miller published a 336-page memoir of his experiences in the fraternity under the title \\\"The Real Animal\",\n \"title\": \"Dartmouth College Greek organizations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3514796\",\n \"text\": \"of Middle Two (grade 8) or prior to entry into Upper One (grade 9). Students in Middle School are in the Nightingale house, which houses only Middle Twos and Ones. Membership of the houses can be distinguished by house ties, which depict the house colours and are worn by students as an optional substitute for the school tie. Each house is represented by an animal that is displayed prominently by a large mural in each of the residences. Baillie House is represented by a tiger and the color green, Colley House by a bulldog and the color red, Powell's House\",\n \"title\": \"Appleby College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5382081\",\n \"text\": \"Brand Squid’, whose name ‘Jumunjingeo’ combines the name of the town as well as the Korean word for fish. In Jumunjin, the most well known marine animal is squid. Gangwon State University Gangwon State University () is a public college in Gangneung City, Gangwon Province, South Korea. Unlike most public tertiary institutions in South Korea, it is administered directly by the provincial government of Gangwon-do. The college is well known as a research and educational institute with modern facilities. The college is located in Jumunjin-eup, north of Gangneung's city center. It lies close to the Yeongdong Expressway. Situated between the\",\n \"title\": \"Gangwon State University\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"823169\",\n \"text\": \"(playing a new character, \\\"Bombshell\\\"), and Peter Fox was cast as Otter. Belushi's character from the film, John \\\"Bluto\\\" Blutarsky, is in the Army, but his brother, Blotto, played by Josh Mostel, transfers to Faber to carry on Bluto's tradition. Jim Belushi was asked to play the role of Blotto, but declined. \\\"Animal House\\\" inspired \\\"Co-Ed Fever\\\", another sitcom but without the involvement of the film's producers or cast. Set in a dorm of the formerly all-female Baxter College, the pilot of \\\"Co-Ed Fever\\\" was aired by CBS on February 4, 1979, but the network canceled the series before airing\",\n \"title\": \"Animal House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"473624\",\n \"text\": \"identified animal skeletons. This not only helps to identify what the animal is, but also whether the animal was domesticated or not. Yet another technique that zooarchaeologists use is quantification. They make interpretations based on the number and size of the bones. These interpretations include how important different animals might have been to the diet. As can be seen from the discussion about the name that should be given to this discipline, zooarchaeology overlaps significantly with other areas of study. These include: Such analyses provide the basis by which further interpretations can be made. Topics that have been addressed by\",\n \"title\": \"Zooarchaeology\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14391643\",\n \"text\": \"two albums by the University of California Men's Octet. It has also been performed and recorded by the Dartmouth Aires at Dartmouth College, the school on which \\\"Animal House\\\" was modeled. Shama Lama Ding Dong \\\"Shama Lama Ding Dong\\\" is a song written by and William Peace and performed by fictional band Otis Day and the Knights in the 1978 film National Lampoon's \\\"Animal House\\\". Although Otis Day was portrayed by DeWayne Jessie in the film, the vocals were actually performed by Lloyd Williams. A version of the song, by beach music group Band of Oz, won People's Choice Song\",\n \"title\": \"Shama Lama Ding Dong\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7588765\",\n \"text\": \"offerings, one was responsible for replacement of the animal if the animal died or was stolen; but in the case of freewill obligations, one was not held responsible for the animal's replacement if the specified animal died or was stolen. A Baraita interpreted the words \\\"there shall be no blemish therein\\\" in to forbid causing a blemish in a sacrificial animal even indirectly. Ben Zoma interpreted the words \\\"neither shall you do this in your land\\\" in to forbid castrating even a dog (an animal that one could never offer as a sacrifice). Interpreting what constitutes profanation of God's Name\",\n \"title\": \"Emor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"324572\",\n \"text\": \"past five Chairs of the Federal Reserve. New Light Presbyterians founded the College of New Jersey in 1746 in order to train ministers. The college was the educational and religious capital of Scottish Presbyterian America. In 1754, trustees of the College of New Jersey suggested that, in recognition of Governor Jonathan Belcher's interest, Princeton should be named as Belcher College. Belcher replied: \\\"What a name that would be!\\\" In 1756, the college moved to Princeton, New Jersey. Its home in Princeton was Nassau Hall, named for the royal House of Orange-Nassau of William III of England. Following the untimely deaths\",\n \"title\": \"Princeton University\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11235863\",\n \"text\": \"infection, sunburn, asthma, and tonsil infections. As players move through the game, they are able to keep animals in animal houses for prolonged treatment. In the small animal house, they may keep guinea pigs, rabbits, or birds that have more serious injuries and diseases. When animals are in the animal houses, players must treat and feed them every day. The game has a large playing world in which the character's actions are constrained by what time of day it is in-game. The clinic opens and closes at certain times of day, and if players wait too long to service a\",\n \"title\": \"Paws and Claws: Pet Vet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13362242\",\n \"text\": \"constituent college. Finally, in 2010 it became a constituent college of the Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences which operates from the same grounds. College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner The College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, formerly Rajasthan Veterinary College, also known as Veterinary College, Bikaner, is a constituent college of Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. This college was established on 16 August 1954 as Rajasthan Veterinary College. It then became a part of the Rajasthan University. In 1962 the Rajasthan Agriculture University was started and the college became part of it. In 1964\",\n \"title\": \"College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20283655\",\n \"text\": \"a specialised College where only the course of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine(DVM) of 5 year course (a 4 year long honor's and 1 year internship)is being taught. JGVC is about 10km far from the main city of Jhenidah Zilla and situated on 10 acre land(100 acre occupied) beside the Jhenidah-Chuadanga main road. Every year only 60 students able to get chance in JGVC in DVM course after passing admission test. In JGVC, Hall for male,female student,Mosque, Auditorium,Well decorated Gymnasium, Veterinary teaching hospital,Medical center,Bus,Rain water plant for collecting rain water safely,Well decorated pond,Playground,Large-animal shed, Lab-animal shed, Guest house,Medicinal garden,Academic building,14 well\",\n \"title\": \"Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9995463\",\n \"text\": \"with alcohol. A picture taken of the preserved animal was sent to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, as well as to the natural history department of La Sorbonne in Paris, but no positive reply was forthcoming. For a long time, nobody knew what kind of animal it was until one of the pilots stationed in Laos happened to see the animal on a Laotian postage stamp, part of a stamp series on indigenous animals from Laos, under the name \\\"Panis Auritas\\\". Chinese pangolin The Chinese pangolin (\\\"Manis pentadactyla\\\") is a pangolin found in northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar,\",\n \"title\": \"Chinese pangolin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17680557\",\n \"text\": \"The property the house sits on includes several barns and animal pens, corn cribs, a garage, a blacksmith shop and a carriage house. A family cemetery, surrounded by a low stone wall, is also located on the property. The house and property is still owned by descendents of John Moon Cureton. Cureton-Huff House The Cureton-Huff House is located in Greenville County near Simpsonville, South Carolina on what is now known as West Georgia Road, or County Road 541. The two-story braced-frame farmhouse on a brick pier foundation was built ca 1820 for John Moon Cureton, a wealthy farmer. It was\",\n \"title\": \"Cureton-Huff House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15047698\",\n \"text\": \"Mabel died. When B.J. died, half of what was left was relocated to the Putnam Museum in Davenport. The remainder went to the Palmer's three granddaughters and what was left over remains in the house. The house remains a part of Palmer College today and the courtyard became a patio for students. B.J. Palmer House The B.J. Palmer House, also known as the Palmer Family Residence, is a historic building located on the Brady Street Hill in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is on the campus of Palmer College of Chiropractic and has been listed on the National Register of\",\n \"title\": \"B.J. Palmer House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15959616\",\n \"text\": \"but on arrival the troops found that they had little to do, their mere presence having restored order. They instead found work assisting in Operation \\\"Noah\\\", an animal-rescue exercise made necessary by the construction of the Kariba Dam on the Zambezi and resultant rising of the waters into what became Lake Kariba. The College of Arms produced two colours for the RLI, with Queen Elizabeth II giving final approval to a Queen's colour and a regimental colour on 15 July 1963. The first of these was a standard Union Flag design; the unit's name was marked on a circle, which\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Rhodesian Light Infantry (1961–72)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5663731\",\n \"text\": \"are divided into 6 houses called School House, Dusit House, Chitlada House, Phyathai House, Chongruk-Bhakdi House and Saksri-Mongkol House. Overall, the college support students to balance sports and music or arts activities with academic education. Normally boys enter the school at Prathom 4 (Grade 4) and stay on until they finish high school - Mathayom 6 (Grade 12). The royal policy of His Majesty King Rama VI, the founder, was \\\"\\\"What I want from the students is not to create all the students to have the same standard as a model student. What I want is to create young men\",\n \"title\": \"Vajiravudh College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18813335\",\n \"text\": \"languages, history and kinship. There are several theories on the origin of the name 'Terengganu'. One theory attributes the name's origin to terang ganu, Malay for 'bright rainbow'. Another story, said to have been originally narrated by the ninth Sultan of Terengganu, Baginda Omar, tells of a party of hunters from Pahang roving and hunting in the area of what is now southern Terengganu. One of the hunters spotted a big animal fang lying on the ground. A fellow party member asked to which animal did the fang belong. The hunter, not knowing which animal, simply answered taring anu (Malay:\",\n \"title\": \"Terengganuan Malay people\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15365034\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Teganung\\\" as well. There are several theories on the origin of the name 'Terengganu'. One theory attributes the name's origin to terang ganu, Malay for 'bright rainbow'. Another story, said to have been originally narrated by the ninth Sultan of Terengganu, Baginda Omar, tells of a party of hunters from Pahang roving and hunting in the area of what is now southern Terengganu. One of the hunters spotted a big animal fang lying on the ground. A fellow party member asked to which animal did the fang belong. The hunter, not knowing which animal, simply answered taring anu (Malay:\",\n \"title\": \"Terengganu Malay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16701749\",\n \"text\": \"basic line as one of the core five girls. She is Meygan's cousin. Sashabella Paws - (Similar to Sasha): Sashabella has the animal kingdom under her spell; she can communicate with creatures everywhere. Her favorite animal to talk to is her pet furball, Fluffinscruff. She loves mixing up faux fur with fuzzy boots. She also loves other fur clothing. Her witchmark is a tribal cat, and her color is light green. Her last name is a pun on the fact that her ability is \\\"animal chat\\\". Introduced in the Summer/Fall 2012 First Edition basic line as one of the core\",\n \"title\": \"Bratzillaz (House of Witchez)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"295377\",\n \"text\": \"issue-long story from October 1982 entitled \\\"The Utterly Monstrous, Mind-Roasting Summer of O.C. and Stiggs.\\\" Completed in 1984, the film was not released until 1987, when it was shown in a small number of theaters and without the \\\"National Lampoon\\\" name. It was not a success. Following the success of \\\"Animal House\\\", \\\"MAD\\\" magazine lent its name to a 1980 comedy titled \\\"Up the Academy\\\". Although two of \\\"Animal House\\\"′s co-writers were the \\\"Lampoon\\\"′s Doug Kenney and Chris Miller, \\\"Up The Academy\\\" was strictly a licensing maneuver, with no creative input from \\\"Mad\\\"′s staff or contributors. It was a critical\",\n \"title\": \"National Lampoon (magazine)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18192537\",\n \"text\": \"in the science, psychology and geography departments and well-developed sports grounds. It is centrally located, and almost equidistant (about 60 km) from Mumbai, Karjat and Kasara. This college offers both conventional and professional courses in their spacious campus, classrooms and facilities. College building is a 3-storeyed building. It has good, spacious classrooms, laboratories which has modernised equipment required for smooth functioning. The college has a separate machine room which is equipped with all the machines required for manufacturing and QC testing of pharmaceuticals. College has a separate animal house, which has a CPCSEA approval for breeding animals and experimentation. College\",\n \"title\": \"Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17245799\",\n \"text\": \"programs are offered in 10 disciplines. College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang The College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) is a sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore located at Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. The college was established in 2006 as an initiative for veterinary education under special consideration of Lt. Gen. (Rtd.) Khalid Maqbool (then Governor of the Punjab and Chancellor, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore). The founder Principal of the college was Prof. Dr. Ashiq Hussain Cheema, who was a renowned Veterinary Pathologist. The current principal is Prof. Dr. Abdul Shakoor. The College\",\n \"title\": \"College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7817922\",\n \"text\": \"Marston, crossing the River Cherwell. About halfway along South Parks Road, Mansfield Road adjoins to the south. Mansfield College is close to South Parks Road in this section. The road has been the scene of protests by animal rights protesters because of a new animal testing facility that has been built here. Pro-Test has been formed in reaction to the activities of the animal rights movement. Halifax House was located at 8 South Parks Road on the corner with Mansfield Road from 1961, a social club for people associated with Oxford University. The building has since been demolished to make\",\n \"title\": \"South Parks Road\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17245797\",\n \"text\": \"College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang The College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) is a sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore located at Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. The college was established in 2006 as an initiative for veterinary education under special consideration of Lt. Gen. (Rtd.) Khalid Maqbool (then Governor of the Punjab and Chancellor, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore). The founder Principal of the college was Prof. Dr. Ashiq Hussain Cheema, who was a renowned Veterinary Pathologist. The current principal is Prof. Dr. Abdul Shakoor. The College comprises five major departments offering a\",\n \"title\": \"College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12460661\",\n \"text\": \"that were supposed descendants of a common ancestor and that sometimes identified themselves as a group with a common name – for example, one taken from an animal. In certain indigenous groups of what are today the Talamanca, sexual relations between people of the same cognatic group were rigorously prohibited, which imposed requirements of exogamy: the men had to look for a wife in another clan. Violators of this rule were buried alive. An matrilocal system of residence prevailed; in other words, a man had to go away to live in the house of his parents-in-law. As a fiancé or\",\n \"title\": \"Pre-Columbian history of Costa Rica\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5605131\",\n \"text\": \"Brazil and the Algarves (1769–1826) in 1818 with the name of \\\"Royal Museum\\\", in an initiative to stimulate scientific research in the Kingdom of Brazil, then a constituent part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Initially the Museum sheltered botanical and animal specimens, especially birds, what caused the old building where it was located in center of Rio de Janeiro, to be known by the population as the \\\"House of the Birds\\\". After that, with the marriage of King João VI's eldest son and Brazil's first Emperor, Dom Pedro I (1798–1834), with H.I. & R.H. Archduchess\",\n \"title\": \"National Museum (Rio de Janeiro)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11437790\",\n \"text\": \"school's board for more than 20 years. Pritzker was a major donor to the New College of Florida's $2.5 million Marine Biology Research Center, which opened in the late 1990s. In the mid-2000s, an endowment fund and college dormitory were named for Rhoda Pritzker after the Pritzker family's philanthropic foundation gave the college $2 million in her Rhoda's name. Additionally, Pritzker served on the board of trustees of the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art in Sarasota, Florida, during the 1980s. Pritzker helped to establish the Chicago area Animal Protective Association, an animal shelter and adoption service. She also\",\n \"title\": \"Rhoda Pritzker\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5989694\",\n \"text\": \"the fraternity bought the house at 9 School Street, which was built in 1835 and where the organization continues to reside today. In response to what was perceived as racial prejudice on the part of Phi Kappa Psi's national leadership, Dartmouth's Phi Kappa Psi separated from the national and renamed itself as Phi Sigma Psi in 1967. After years of welcoming female exchange-student boarders, on the first day Dartmouth admitted women in 1972 Phi Psi became the first Dartmouth Greek house to go co-ed. In 1991, the organization changed its name to \\\"Phi Psi/Panarchy\\\". In 1993 the college recognized Panarchy\",\n \"title\": \"Dartmouth College student groups\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19941327\",\n \"text\": \"to ease, which increases the importance of detecting the diseases on the earliest possible stage. It is recommended to alter the lifestyle of the affected animal to accomodate for the condition. Recommendations include limiting the access to the parts of the house that may present danger to the animal, set a consistent schedule for feeding, playing and interacting with the cat, \\\"talking\\\" with the animal and calling it by the name so that the familiar voice soothes it, and adding more litterboxes in case the cat experiences excessive urination or defecation. Feline cognitive dysfunction Feline cognitive dysfunction (FCD) is a\",\n \"title\": \"Feline cognitive dysfunction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11506237\",\n \"text\": \"drama \\\"Serpico\\\". In 1978 Weller starred as a beautiful marine biologist in the made-for-TV film \\\"Hunters of the Reef\\\" (1978), and then as professor Andrew Prine's college student lover in the haunted house horror film \\\"The Evil\\\" (1978). She achieved perhaps her greatest enduring cult movie popularity with her performance as prissy and uptight sorority sister Mandy Pepperidge in the 1978 hit comedy \\\"Animal House\\\". After \\\"Animal House\\\", Weller went on to appear in such films as \\\"The Bell Jar\\\" (1979), \\\"Once Upon a Spy\\\" (1980), \\\"Forced Vengeance\\\" (1982), \\\"Blood Tide\\\" (1982) and \\\"Q\\\" (1982). She acted in several plays\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Louise Weller\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9527333\",\n \"text\": \"stage before coming to Hollywood to direct Henry Fonda in the film version. Gig Young, who changed his birth name / stage name, Byron Barr, that year, appears unbilled as a student. Olivia de Havilland appeared in this film while simultaneously making \\\"They Died with Their Boots On\\\" (1941) starring Errol Flynn, putting the actress under enormous pressure from overwork. \\\"The Male Animal\\\" was loosely reworked by Warner Brothers as a musical called \\\"She's Working Her Way Through College\\\" (1952), starring Virginia Mayo and Ronald Reagan. In this adaptation, the characters' names are changed. Also, the political theme is discarded\",\n \"title\": \"The Male Animal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10389212\",\n \"text\": \"College of Fisheries The College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka is a fisheries education and research institute in India. It was established in 1969 by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The college has become part of the newly established Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar. The college has twin campuses. The main campus with administrative block, library, Aquaculture, Fishery Microbiology, Fisheries Resources and Management and Fisheries Environment and Ecology departments, hostels (for men and women), training centre, guest house, auditorium, sports complex, swimming pool, post office and bank is at Yekkur, Kankanady, Mangalore on NH 17. The Technology\",\n \"title\": \"College of Fisheries\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"474383\",\n \"text\": \"of danger. The fire did not reach any of the main enclosures, and no animals were killed directly by the fire, although deaths of a clapper rail and kiang were attributed to indirect effects of the blaze. On June 30, 2010 the San Diego Zoo board of trustees voted to change the name of the park from the Wild Animal Park to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park to clarify what it offers, since some visitors were unclear as to the difference between the zoo proper and the \\\"animal park\\\". The name \\\"safari\\\" is supposed to emphasize \\\"the park's spacious\",\n \"title\": \"San Diego Zoo Safari Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9518292\",\n \"text\": \"who has also noticed the sheep's attractiveness. But unlike the lustful Miranda, Alberto is deeply in love with Fanny. In a delicate scene full of ambiguous nuances, he tries to teach her to pronounce his name, recognizing what he wants to hear in her inarticulate bleating. He becomes mortally jealous of a black ram and finally stages a marriage ceremony on the lawn to cement his love. Alberto ruthlessly eliminates all those who refuse to understand his feelings, and story slips into blood-soaked horror mode. The film premiered in Argentina on 6 September 2001. Animal (2001 film) Animalada (English: Animal)\",\n \"title\": \"Animal (2001 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15463937\",\n \"text\": \"who also specialize in the Apple Store design. New College House West will as of 2021 replace New College Hall as the newest building in the College House system. Situated next to the three high rises and two low rises in High Rise Field, it will open to students in the Fall of the 2021-2022 academic year. Harnwell College House, Harrison College House, and Rodin College House collectively make up the three High Rise dormitories. Along with the two Low Rise dorms, they are located off of Locust Walk between 38th and 40th streets in what is referred to as\",\n \"title\": \"University of Pennsylvania College Houses\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15584834\",\n \"text\": \"Cory House (College Park, Maryland) The Cory House, constructed circa 1891, is one of the oldest private residences in College Park, Maryland. The house is an example of Queen Anne style architecture. The house is a registered Prince George's County Historic Site. The house is named for its association with Professor Ernest Cory, who purchased the house in 1926 and resided there through 1975. Professor Cory graduated from the University of Maryland in 1909 and later served on the faculty, eventually chairing the Department of Entomology. The architecture of the Cory House is in part what provides its historical value.\",\n \"title\": \"Cory House (College Park, Maryland)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4370371\",\n \"text\": \"2015. July.22 Appointed as Life-Long learning focused college by the Ministry of Education 2016. March.01 Approved to change the name of the college to Donga College of Health (동아보건대학교) Donga College of Health Donga College of Health is a privately owned secondary education college in Yeongam County, South Jeolla province, South Korea. The current president is Kim Kyung-Taik (김경택). More than 50 professors are providing education in Nursing, Social Welfare, Emergency Medical, Early Child Education, Occupational Therapy and Companion Animal Welfare fields. More than 10,000 students have graduated over the 20 years since 1996. Donga College of Health provides a\",\n \"title\": \"Donga College of Health\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13884658\",\n \"text\": \"The Animal Kingdom The Animal Kingdom (also known as The Woman in His House in the UK) is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy-drama film directed by Edward H. Griffith based upon a comedy of manners of the same name by Philip Barry. The film stars Leslie Howard, Ann Harding, Myrna Loy, William Gargan, Ilka Chase, and Neil Hamilton. Howard, Gargan, and Chase also starred in the play when it opened on Broadway on 12 January 1932. Tom Collier (Leslie Howard) is a book publisher who has been living in the city with his best friend and lover Daisy Sage (Ann\",\n \"title\": \"The Animal Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11149187\",\n \"text\": \"Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER) (formerly Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RAGACOVAS) is a veterinary college in Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry), India. Founded in 1994 in accordance to the standards of Veterinary medicine education in India, set by the Veterinary Council of India, the college is affiliated to the Pondicherry University. It is an educational institute for imparting undergraduate and masters specializations in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, as well as having a veterinary hospital/clinic providing veterinary health care in the region. The college was inaugurated\",\n \"title\": \"Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9670432\",\n \"text\": \"with our daughter and everything was totally fucked, and I was just like, What can I do? \\\"The Past Is a Grotesque Animal\\\" is about that. The lyrics tell the story of what was really going on and the music sort of represents this other emotion that I wish existed. The music was really happy because I wanted to make something that would lift my spirits.\\\"Heimdalsgate\\\" is the name of the street in Oslo on which Barnes lived; the suffix \\\"-gate\\\" translates from the Norwegian language to mean \\\"street.\\\" The name of the street is more precisely Heimdalsgata, Heimdalsgate with\",\n \"title\": \"Heimdalsgate Like a Promethean Curse\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13362241\",\n \"text\": \"College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner The College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, formerly Rajasthan Veterinary College, also known as Veterinary College, Bikaner, is a constituent college of Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. This college was established on 16 August 1954 as Rajasthan Veterinary College. It then became a part of the Rajasthan University. In 1962 the Rajasthan Agriculture University was started and the college became part of it. In 1964 it became affiliated with the University of Udaipur. When the Rajasthan Agricultural University was bifurcated from the University of Udaipur in 1987, the college a\",\n \"title\": \"College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16827808\",\n \"text\": \"Kel, Azad Kashmir Kel () is a village in Neelam Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located from Muzaffarabad at the altitude of feet. Kel is known as a kail because this place was a centre of Pakistan's national animal markhoor which is known as kill bakhra (a goat like animal which kills) in local language. Buses run daily between Muzaffarabad and Kel in good weather. Few private hotels and a rest house of AJK Tourism and Archeology Department located there for tourists stay. It also has a bank, college, hospital and a bazaar. The Kel is located near Line\",\n \"title\": \"Kel, Azad Kashmir\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15543698\",\n \"text\": \"1977. She then worked briefly as an animal control officer, as a cult deprogrammer, and as a Berkeley, California, reserve police officer. As an 18-year-old college student in 1960, Einstein was the only person with a recognized name among the dozens of people arrested in San Francisco at a peaceful protest against the House Un-American Activities Committee. After her divorce, she stated that she was impoverished. She claims that she was homeless, she slept in cars, scrounged for discarded food and described herself as a dumpster-diver for three months. From the mid 1990’s up to her death in 2011, she\",\n \"title\": \"Evelyn Einstein\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20440344\",\n \"text\": \"shield of Sansfoy. This “vanity-driven fight” shows that he continues to value prize over modesty, despite his encounter with the House of Pride. In the House of Pride, Redcrosse Knight sees Lucifera on a chariot being pulled by six counselors riding animals. With Lucifera symbolizing the sin of pride, the remaining six sins are represented by her counselors. Each counselor slightly resembles the animal he is riding. Pride- Lucifera, whose name derives from Lucifer, is ruler of the six counselors in The Faerie Queene. She represents pride because she takes pride in her name, which can be seen as paying\",\n \"title\": \"House of Pride (Faerie Queene)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":83,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"84"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who owned the louisiana territory when the constitution was signed"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Spain"],"string":"[\n \"Spain\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"232421","text":"to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics. It was controlled by the French, who had a few small settlements along the Mississippi and other main rivers. France ceded the territory to Spain in the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). Following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain gained control of the territory west of the Mississippi and the","title":"Louisiana Purchase"},{"docid":"232421","text":"to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics. It was controlled by the French, who had a few small settlements along the Mississippi and other main rivers. France ceded the territory to Spain in the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). Following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain gained control of the territory west of the Mississippi and the","title":"Louisiana Purchase"},{"docid":"953326","text":"by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, who laid claim to all of the land drained by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. LaSalle's claim was named Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV, King of France. The Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) was signed between France and Spain and ownership of the Louisiana territory west of the Mississippi River was transferred to the Spanish crown as a result of the Seven Years' War and Craighead County became a Spanish possession. Spain controlled of the territory encompassing the county until October 1, 1800 when Napoleon Bonaparte forced Spain to return the","title":"Craighead County, Arkansas"},{"docid":"232446","text":"the Louisiana Purchase was primarily economic self-interest, not any legitimate concern over constitutionality or whether France indeed owned Louisiana or was required to sell it back to Spain should it desire to dispose of the territory. The Northerners were not enthusiastic about Western farmers gaining another outlet for their crops that did not require the use of New England ports. Also, many Federalists were speculators in lands in upstate New York and New England and were hoping to sell these lands to farmers, who might go west instead, if the Louisiana Purchase went through. They also feared that this would","title":"Louisiana Purchase"},{"docid":"232447","text":"lead to Western states being formed, which would likely be Republican, and dilute the political power of New England Federalists. When Spain later objected to the United States purchasing Louisiana from France, Madison responded that America had first approached Spain about purchasing the property, but had been told by Spain itself that America would have to treat with France for the territory. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on April 30 by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and François Barbé-Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement","title":"Louisiana Purchase"},{"docid":"13154932","text":"It was reportedly a thirty-foot-high painted pole adorned with fish bones. The settlement of Baton Rouge by Europeans began in 1721 when a military post was established by French colonists. In 1755, when French-speaking settlers of Acadia in Canada's Maritime provinces were driven into exile by British forces, many took up residence in rural Louisiana. Popularly known as Cajuns, the descendants of the Acadians maintained a separate culture. On February 10, 1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed following France's defeat by Great Britain in the Seven Years' War. France ceded its territory in North America to Britain and Spain;","title":"History of Baton Rouge, Louisiana"},{"docid":"13806972","text":"Butler Greenwood Plantation The Butler Greenwood Plantation is a plantation in Louisiana. It is on U.S. Route 61, to the north of St. Francisville, Louisiana. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The plantation was created by Dr. Samuel Flower, a Quaker physician who relocated from Pennsylvania during the 1770s when the area was British territory. Later, when Spain gained control (see St. Francisville, Louisiana, history), he gave medical treatment to Governor Manuel Gayoso. When Dr. Flower died in 1813, the year after Louisiana became a state, his eight heirs would divide thousands of arpents of land","title":"Butler Greenwood Plantation"},{"docid":"13806977","text":"open for house tours and overnight stays in bed and breakfast cottages on the plantation grounds. Butler Greenwood Plantation The Butler Greenwood Plantation is a plantation in Louisiana. It is on U.S. Route 61, to the north of St. Francisville, Louisiana. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The plantation was created by Dr. Samuel Flower, a Quaker physician who relocated from Pennsylvania during the 1770s when the area was British territory. Later, when Spain gained control (see St. Francisville, Louisiana, history), he gave medical treatment to Governor Manuel Gayoso. When Dr. Flower died in 1813, the","title":"Butler Greenwood Plantation"},{"docid":"232451","text":"Effective October 1, 1804, the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans (most of which would become the state of Louisiana) and the District of Louisiana, which was temporarily under control of the governor and judicial system of the Indiana Territory. The following year, the District of Louisiana was renamed the Territory of Louisiana, aka Louisiana Territory (1805–1812). New Orleans was the administrative capital of the Orleans Territory, and St. Louis was the capital of the Louisiana Territory. A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not","title":"Louisiana Purchase"},{"docid":"954936","text":"East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana East Feliciana Parish (, ) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,267. The parish seat is Clinton. Established when Feliciana Parish was divided in 1824, both East and West Feliciana parishes are part of the Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area. They are also considered part of the Florida Parishes, at one time part of Spain's West Florida colony. The parish was part of Feliciana Parish, which was founded and named in 1810 by Spanish rulers, who then controlled the territory. Feliciana is derived","title":"East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"232421\",\n \"text\": \"to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics. It was controlled by the French, who had a few small settlements along the Mississippi and other main rivers. France ceded the territory to Spain in the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). Following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain gained control of the territory west of the Mississippi and the\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Purchase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"232421\",\n \"text\": \"to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics. It was controlled by the French, who had a few small settlements along the Mississippi and other main rivers. France ceded the territory to Spain in the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). Following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain gained control of the territory west of the Mississippi and the\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Purchase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"953326\",\n \"text\": \"by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, who laid claim to all of the land drained by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. LaSalle's claim was named Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV, King of France. The Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) was signed between France and Spain and ownership of the Louisiana territory west of the Mississippi River was transferred to the Spanish crown as a result of the Seven Years' War and Craighead County became a Spanish possession. Spain controlled of the territory encompassing the county until October 1, 1800 when Napoleon Bonaparte forced Spain to return the\",\n \"title\": \"Craighead County, Arkansas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"232446\",\n \"text\": \"the Louisiana Purchase was primarily economic self-interest, not any legitimate concern over constitutionality or whether France indeed owned Louisiana or was required to sell it back to Spain should it desire to dispose of the territory. The Northerners were not enthusiastic about Western farmers gaining another outlet for their crops that did not require the use of New England ports. Also, many Federalists were speculators in lands in upstate New York and New England and were hoping to sell these lands to farmers, who might go west instead, if the Louisiana Purchase went through. They also feared that this would\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Purchase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"232447\",\n \"text\": \"lead to Western states being formed, which would likely be Republican, and dilute the political power of New England Federalists. When Spain later objected to the United States purchasing Louisiana from France, Madison responded that America had first approached Spain about purchasing the property, but had been told by Spain itself that America would have to treat with France for the territory. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on April 30 by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and François Barbé-Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Purchase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13154932\",\n \"text\": \"It was reportedly a thirty-foot-high painted pole adorned with fish bones. The settlement of Baton Rouge by Europeans began in 1721 when a military post was established by French colonists. In 1755, when French-speaking settlers of Acadia in Canada's Maritime provinces were driven into exile by British forces, many took up residence in rural Louisiana. Popularly known as Cajuns, the descendants of the Acadians maintained a separate culture. On February 10, 1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed following France's defeat by Great Britain in the Seven Years' War. France ceded its territory in North America to Britain and Spain;\",\n \"title\": \"History of Baton Rouge, Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13806972\",\n \"text\": \"Butler Greenwood Plantation The Butler Greenwood Plantation is a plantation in Louisiana. It is on U.S. Route 61, to the north of St. Francisville, Louisiana. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The plantation was created by Dr. Samuel Flower, a Quaker physician who relocated from Pennsylvania during the 1770s when the area was British territory. Later, when Spain gained control (see St. Francisville, Louisiana, history), he gave medical treatment to Governor Manuel Gayoso. When Dr. Flower died in 1813, the year after Louisiana became a state, his eight heirs would divide thousands of arpents of land\",\n \"title\": \"Butler Greenwood Plantation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13806977\",\n \"text\": \"open for house tours and overnight stays in bed and breakfast cottages on the plantation grounds. Butler Greenwood Plantation The Butler Greenwood Plantation is a plantation in Louisiana. It is on U.S. Route 61, to the north of St. Francisville, Louisiana. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The plantation was created by Dr. Samuel Flower, a Quaker physician who relocated from Pennsylvania during the 1770s when the area was British territory. Later, when Spain gained control (see St. Francisville, Louisiana, history), he gave medical treatment to Governor Manuel Gayoso. When Dr. Flower died in 1813, the\",\n \"title\": \"Butler Greenwood Plantation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"232451\",\n \"text\": \"Effective October 1, 1804, the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans (most of which would become the state of Louisiana) and the District of Louisiana, which was temporarily under control of the governor and judicial system of the Indiana Territory. The following year, the District of Louisiana was renamed the Territory of Louisiana, aka Louisiana Territory (1805–1812). New Orleans was the administrative capital of the Orleans Territory, and St. Louis was the capital of the Louisiana Territory. A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Purchase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"954936\",\n \"text\": \"East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana East Feliciana Parish (, ) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,267. The parish seat is Clinton. Established when Feliciana Parish was divided in 1824, both East and West Feliciana parishes are part of the Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area. They are also considered part of the Florida Parishes, at one time part of Spain's West Florida colony. The parish was part of Feliciana Parish, which was founded and named in 1810 by Spanish rulers, who then controlled the territory. Feliciana is derived\",\n \"title\": \"East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2877748","text":"(in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States who had authorized the 1803 Louisiana Purchase that included much of the proposed territory) was chosen and a constitutional convention was scheduled for June 6, 1859. The conventioneers met that day, and then adjourned until August 1, 1859, when 167 representatives from 37 districts met to draft a constitution for Jefferson State. The state constitution was subsequently rejected in a popular referendum on September 24 in favor of creating a territory, primarily because the organization of the territory would be funded by Congress while the organization of a","title":"Jefferson Territory"},{"docid":"5401149","text":"1861) from the union. Resolutions included the dissolution of the constitution of 1852, while enacting all provisions which effectively resulted in just a name change, adopting the constitution of the Confederate States of America, established provisions for the dissolution of the state government if approved by the citizens, and included provisions for new elections. The Louisiana Constitution of 1864 abolished slavery throughout the state, but was effective only in the thirteen Louisiana parishes under Union control during the war. Voting rights to black men who fought for the Union, owned property, or were literate, were allowed to be authorized (but","title":"Constitution of Louisiana"},{"docid":"5401139","text":"April 20, 1974, and became effective on January 1, 1975. The beginning of statehood for Louisiana began with the Louisiana purchase in 1803. In 1804, the land the United States purchased from France was divided in two territories: 1) the Louisiana Territory (upper territory) and 2) the area below the 33rd parallel (current Louisiana-Arkansas state line), the Orleans Territory each as an organized incorporated territory of the United States. The Territory of Orleans formed the bulk of what today is the State of Louisiana. From the beginning there were border disputes. In 1795, the \"Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation","title":"Constitution of Louisiana"},{"docid":"232438","text":"east to the Rocky Mountains in the west. Acquiring the territory would double the size of the United States, at a sum of less than 3 cents per acre. Henry Adams and other historians have argued that Jefferson acted hypocritically with the Louisiana Purchase, due to his position as a strict constructionist regarding the Constitution since he stretched the intent of that document to justify his purchase. This argument goes as follows: The American purchase of the Louisiana territory was not accomplished without domestic opposition. Jefferson's philosophical consistency was in question because of his strict interpretation of the Constitution. Many","title":"Louisiana Purchase"},{"docid":"2600110","text":"Territory of Orleans The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana. In 1804, all of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 33rd parallel became the Orleans Territory, and the remainder became the District of Louisiana. (The District of Louisiana was later renamed the Louisiana Territory; and still later, when the Orleans Territory became the State of Louisiana, the Louisiana Territory was renamed the Missouri Territory.) The Organic Act of 1804,","title":"Territory of Orleans"},{"docid":"1971350","text":"bought a plantation in Arkansas. Bowie and his brother John were involved in a major court case in the late 1820s over land speculation. When the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory in 1803, it promised to honor all former land grant claims, and for the next 20 years efforts were made to establish who owned what land. In May 1824, Congress authorized the superior courts of each territory to hear suits from those who claimed they had been overlooked. The Arkansas Superior Court received 126 claims in late 1827 from residents who claimed to have purchased land in former","title":"James Bowie"},{"docid":"2597307","text":"Montana Territory The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the State of Montana. The Montana Territory was organized out of the existing Idaho Territory by Act of Congress and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 26, 1864. The areas east of the Continental Divide had been previously part of the Nebraska Territory and Dakota Territory and had been acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. The territory","title":"Montana Territory"},{"docid":"1592859","text":"Louisiana Territory The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1805, until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed the Missouri Territory. Louisiana Territory was formed out of the Indiana Territory-administered District of Louisiana, which consisted of all Louisiana Purchase lands north of the 33rd parallel. The 33rd parallel now forms the southern border of Arkansas and the northern border of Louisiana. The territory's predecessor, the District of Louisiana, as well as the District of Orleans, were formed from the lands acquired by the United States in","title":"Louisiana Territory"},{"docid":"1395111","text":"in 1702. The French (later Spanish) Louisiana Territory was owned by France for a number of years before the money-losing territory was transferred to French banker Antoine Crozat in 1713 for 15 years. After losing four times his investment, Crozat gave up his charter in 1717. Control of Louisiana and its 700 inhabitants was given to the Company of the Indies in 1719. The company conducted a major settlement program by recruiting European settlers to locate in the territory. Unemployed persons, convicts and prostitutes were also sent to the Louisiana Territory. After the bankruptcy of the company in 1720, control","title":"New France"},{"docid":"1003825","text":"been free as a territory under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, and had prohibited slavery in its constitution in 1819 when it was admitted as a state. In 1836, Emerson moved with Scott from Illinois to Fort Snelling in the Wisconsin territory in what has become the state of Minnesota. Slavery in the Wisconsin Territory (some of which, including Fort Snelling, was part of the Louisiana Purchase) was prohibited by the United States Congress under the Missouri Compromise. During his stay at Fort Snelling, Scott married Harriet Robinson in a civil ceremony by Harriet's owner, Major Lawrence Taliaferro, a justice","title":"Dred Scott v. Sandford"},{"docid":"4300851","text":"confirmed by the state senate and served until October 13, 1796. Soon after the United States made the Louisiana Purchase, Brown moved to New Orleans, where he was appointed in 1804 as secretary of the Territory of Orleans. He served from October 1 to December 11 of that year, when he was appointed as U.S. Attorney-General for the Territory. Brown became one of the wealthiest planters and slave owners on the German Coast. His extensive plantation produced sugar through the use of slave labor. In January 1811, some slaves from James Brown's plantations (some of them jointly owned by his","title":"James Brown (Louisiana politician)"},{"docid":"15677471","text":"History of Louisiana Tech University The History of Louisiana Tech University began when the Industrial Institute and College of Louisiana was founded in Ruston, Louisiana in 1894. The institute was founded to develop an industrial economy in the state of Louisiana. Four years later, the school was renamed the Louisiana Industrial Institute when Louisiana adopted the Constitution of 1898. When the Constitution of 1921 was passed, the school changed its name again to Louisiana Polytechnic Institute to reflect the school's evolution from a trade school into a larger and broader technical institute. Although the university was informally called Louisiana Tech","title":"History of Louisiana Tech University"},{"docid":"9063057","text":"the territories of the Louisiana Purchase, as the ordinance had been issued originally under the Articles of Confederation, not under the US Constitution. As a legal precedent, they offered the treaty acquiring the Louisiana lands in 1803: the document included a provision (Article 3) that extended the rights of US citizens to all inhabitants of the new territory, including the protection of property in slaves. When slaveholders embraced Jeffersonian constitutional strictures on a limited central government they were reminded that Jefferson, as US President in 1803, had deviated from these precepts when he wielded federal executive power to double the","title":"Missouri Compromise"},{"docid":"3119787","text":"home as a boy. When older, he attended Charlotte Hall Military Academy in Maryland. Edward Bates served in the War of 1812 before moving to St. Louis, Missouri Territory, in 1814 with his older brother James, who started working as an attorney. Their eldest brother Frederick Bates was already in St. Louis by that time, where he had served as Secretary of the Louisiana Territory and Secretary of the Missouri Territory. Edward Bates studied the law with Rufus Easton and boarded with his family. Easton was Judge of the Louisiana Territory, the largest jurisdiction in U.S. history since the Louisiana","title":"Edward Bates"},{"docid":"5950302","text":"Root became the new secretary of war, and the unreleased report was scrapped. Magoon drafted a new report which came to precisely the opposite conclusion from the first: the Constitution did not apply in new territories until the United States Congress specifically passed legislation to authorize it. It argued that precedent was set when Congress passed legislation to apply the Constitution to the Northwest Territory and the Louisiana Purchase. This revised report was dated February 12, 1900, and released to Congress as a policy document expressing the Department's official stance on the issue. This view was largely adopted by the","title":"Charles Edward Magoon"},{"docid":"5401141","text":"ordered U.S. forces into the area and incorporated it into the Orleans territory. Senator William Giles of Virginia had already submitted a petition for statehood, in March 1810, based on the ordinance of 1787. The senate passed the petition on April 27, 1810, by a vote of 15 to 8, and ordered the territory to assemble a convention to draft a constitutional amendment. Because the president incorporated the area of West Florida into the Orleans Territory, Representative Julien Poydras (Orleans Territory) on December 17, 1810, petitioned for statehood based on Article III of the Louisiana Purchase. On Dec. 27, U.S.","title":"Constitution of Louisiana"},{"docid":"9742210","text":"party. Division attorneys also defend the state in all habeas corpus actions filed by prison inmates in state and federal courts. Each year they litigate some 500 federal habeas corpus actions in the federal district courts, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court. Missouri Attorney General The Office of the Missouri Attorney General was created in 1806 when Missouri was part of the Louisiana Territory. Missouri's first Constitution in 1820 provided for an appointed Attorney General, but since the 1865 Constitution, the Attorney General has been elected. To date there have been 42 attorneys general in","title":"Missouri Attorney General"},{"docid":"5400995","text":"state due to the tense equality achieved under the Missouri Compromise. The territory elected delegates for a state constitutional convention. Territorial governor, William Fulton tried to halt the convention, but Attorney General, Benjamin F. Butler ruled the assemblage legal. The first state constitution was ratified by Congress on January 30, 1836, and on June 15 of that year, President Andrew Jackson signed the act making Arkansas the 25th state. The first constitution was vague and short. It was replaced by the second Arkansas state constitution when Arkansas seceded from the Union on May 6, 1861. This constitution was very similar","title":"Constitution of Arkansas"},{"docid":"1128105","text":"family. Lindsey Carson was a farmer of Scots-Irish descent, who had fought in the Revolutionary War under General Wade Hampton. He had a total of fifteen surviving children: five by his first wife, and ten by his second wife (Kit's mother), Rebecca Robinson. The Carson family settled on a tract of land owned by the sons of Daniel Boone, who had purchased the land from the Spanish prior to the United States annexing the territory by the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The Boone and Carson families became good friends, working, socializing, and intermarrying. Carson was eight when his father was","title":"Franklin, Missouri"},{"docid":"2600114","text":"Stephen Du Ponceau (1804) (declined President Thomas Jefferson's appointment), William Sprigg (1805–1807), George Mathews, Jr. (1805–1813), Joshua Lewis (1807–1813), and Francois Xavier Martin (1810–1813). Territory of Orleans The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana. In 1804, all of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 33rd parallel became the Orleans Territory, and the remainder became the District of Louisiana. (The District of Louisiana was later renamed the Louisiana Territory; and","title":"Territory of Orleans"},{"docid":"9742194","text":"Missouri Attorney General The Office of the Missouri Attorney General was created in 1806 when Missouri was part of the Louisiana Territory. Missouri's first Constitution in 1820 provided for an appointed Attorney General, but since the 1865 Constitution, the Attorney General has been elected. To date there have been 42 attorneys general in Missouri. Eric Schmitt has been appointed to become the 43rd Attorney General in January, 2019 filling the mid-term vacancy created by Josh Hawley's election to the United States Senate. By law, the attorney general is a member of the Board of Fund Commissioners, the Board of Public","title":"Missouri Attorney General"},{"docid":"2078723","text":"Julien de Lallande Poydras Julien de Lallande (Lalande) Poydras (April 3, 1740 – June 23, 1824) was a French American merchant, planter, financier, poet, educator, slaveowner, and political leader who served as Delegate from the Territory of Orleans to the U.S. House of Representatives. He was a catalyst in the promotion of Louisiana statehood and helped draft the state's first constitution. He served as the first President of the Louisiana State Senate. He was born in Rezé (near Nantes), Pays-de-la-Loire, France. He served in the French Navy and was captured by the British in 1760 and taken to England. He","title":"Julien de Lallande Poydras"},{"docid":"8218745","text":"of Orleans. In 1804, Congress created a three-judge Superior Court for the territory and gave the Legislative Council the power to create other courts. In 1807, the newly-elected Legislative Council created courts in each of the territory's nineteen parishes. These courts were courts of general jurisdiction with an appeal applying to the Superior Court. In the first Constitution for the state of Louisiana, one Supreme Court was created and the Legislature was given the power to create inferior courts. The number of judges was fixed to be not less than three and not more than five who were to be","title":"Louisiana Supreme Court"},{"docid":"17706251","text":"on 20 December 1961, the day following the formal ceremony of official Portuguese surrender, when Governor General Manuel António Vassalo e Silva signed the instrument of surrender bringing to an end 451 years of Portuguese rule in Goa. On 30 May 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa was made India's twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining a union territory. The \"Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Bill, 1962\" (Bill No. 3 of 1962) was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 12 March 1962. It was introduced by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and sought to amend article 240 and the","title":"Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution of India"},{"docid":"7795780","text":"the law\" as an apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1807. In 1807, he commenced practice in Attakapas Parish, Territory of Orleans. (In 1811, the area around Franklin, Louisiana, became St. Mary Parish.) Porter was a delegate to the convention which framed the first Constitution of Louisiana in 1812. He was elected as a member of the lower branch of the Louisiana Legislature from 1816 to 1818. Alexander Porter served as a Louisiana Supreme Court justice from 1821 to 1833. In 1833, he was selected as a Whig to the United States Senate by the state legislature, to","title":"Alexander Porter"},{"docid":"12228984","text":"few years starting in 1808 before returning to Camagüey.) The Church also experienced growth. In 1787 a Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Habana was established, which included Florida and Louisiana in its territory. In 1793 the Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas was established. Both were suffragan to the Archdiocese of Santo Domingo, but after the Treaty of Basel, it disappeared, so Santiago de Cuba was elevated to an Archdiocese with the above-mentioned dioceses suffragan to it, as well as the Diocese of Puerto Rico. The Spanish Constitution of 1812 enacted by the Cádiz Cortes declared the territory","title":"Captaincy General of Cuba"},{"docid":"2600207","text":"District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official, temporary, United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Orleans Territory. It officially existed from March 10, 1804 until July 4, 1805, when it was incorporated as the Louisiana Territory. The area north of present-day Arkansas was commonly referred to as Upper Louisiana. The United States District of Louisiana had two incarnations: first, as a federally administered military district (March 10, 1804 - September 30, 1804); then as an organized territory (October 1, 1804 - July 4,","title":"District of Louisiana"},{"docid":"2600202","text":"District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official, temporary, United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Orleans Territory. It officially existed from March 10, 1804 until July 4, 1805, when it was incorporated as the Louisiana Territory. The area north of present-day Arkansas was commonly referred to as Upper Louisiana. The United States District of Louisiana had two incarnations: first, as a federally administered military district (March 10, 1804 - September 30, 1804); then as an organized territory (October 1, 1804 - July 4,","title":"District of Louisiana"},{"docid":"1084566","text":"Zwolle, Louisiana Zwolle (Za-wall-ee) is a small town in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,759 at the 2010 census, down from 1,783 in 2000. The first inhabitants of the bowl-shaped area of land upon which the town of Zwolle is situated were the Mound Builders. Lured here for protection from storms, the \"bowl\" offered them protection. Prehistoric people built the dome-shaped mounds that line the banks of Bayou Scie and Bayou San Miguel, which form a hollow circle around the townsite. As Mound Builders, they were ancestors of North American Indians who owned and inhabited the territory","title":"Zwolle, Louisiana"},{"docid":"18309603","text":"officers of the Militia of the State of Tennessee\" asking that Colonel Butler be exonerated for failing to crop his hair, terming it \"an illegal and arbitrary mandate\". The petition referred to Butler as a \"worthy, aged and respectable officer\" and was signed by 73 individuals, mostly military officers, lawyers and merchants. The first signer of the petition was the commander of the Tennessee Militia, Major General Andrew Jackson. Butler died of yellow fever died on 7 September 1805, at Ormond Plantation, owned by his nephew, in St. Charles Parish, Territory of Orleans (today's Louisiana). He left the following instructions","title":"Thomas Butler (soldier)"},{"docid":"440026","text":"the U.S. Virgin Islands Fifth Constitutional Convention adopted a proposed Constitution of the Virgin Islands, which was submitted by President Barack Obama to Congress on March 1, 2010. On June 30, 2010, President Obama signed in which Congress rejected the proposed constitution and urged the constitutional convention to reconvene. As of early 2017, the territory still did not have its own constitution. Little has been achieved on this front since 2009 when a proposed constitution was contested by the US Justice Department on the grounds that the powers sought exceeded what would be considered allowable under territorial status. In September","title":"United States Virgin Islands"},{"docid":"18377912","text":"the summit of Mount Roraima as the three-way boundary between Brazil, British Guiana and Venezuela. In 1941 President Eleazar López Contreras and the Colombian President signed the , the border treaty between the two countries, which ceded of territory to Colombia. The 1864 constitution gave these former provinces the status as states: It was stated that the boundaries would remain as in 1856. The 1881 constitution merged the states created in 1864 into eight, larger states: The 1891 constitution established new state boundaries: The 1901 constitution established new divisions of the states: New division of territory: Another division of territory,","title":"United States of Venezuela"},{"docid":"18297705","text":"Louisiana Territory (film) Louisiana Territory is a 1953 American historical drama film directed by Harry W. Smith (who also photographed the film), from an original screenplay by Jerome Brondfield. It opens with the circumstances of the sale of the Louisiana Territory by Napoleon's government and the roles of Robert Livingston and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord. However, most of the film deals with the spirit of Livingston visiting major cities of the territory decades later in 1953. Produced by RKO-Pathé, it was distributed by its sister company, RKO Radio Pictures, who premiered the film in New Orleans on October 14, 1953,","title":"Louisiana Territory (film)"},{"docid":"249352","text":"package which would double the size of the country. Jefferson's political opponents in the Federalist Party argued the Louisiana purchase was a worthless desert, and that the Constitution did not provide for the acquisition of new land or negotiating treaties without the consent of the Senate. What really worried the opposition was the new states which would inevitably be carved from the Louisiana territory, strengthening Western and Southern interests in Congress, and further reducing the influence of New England Federalists in national affairs. President Jefferson was an enthusiastic supporter of westward expansion, and held firm in his support for the","title":"Louisiana"},{"docid":"5970755","text":"WFMF WFMF (102.5 FM, \"102.5 WFMF\") is a Top 40 (CHR) music formatted radio station licensed to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The iHeartMedia, Inc. station broadcasts with an ERP of 100 kW. Its studios are located east of downtown Baton Rouge near the I-10/I-12 interchange and its transmitter is in Plaquemine, Louisiana. The station signed on in 1949 as W45BR-FM, the FM counterpart of AM station WJBO with frequency 98.1. The calls later changed to WBRL-FM. It was owned by the Manship family under the name Capital City Communications, who also owned the Morning Advocate (as Capital City Press) and later","title":"WFMF"},{"docid":"2587859","text":"Idaho Territory The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho. The territory was officially organized on March 3, 1863, by Act of Congress, and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. It is a successor region that was created by areas from existing territories undergoing parallel political transitions beginning with disputes over which country owned the region (See Oregon Country); by 1863 the area west of the Continental Divide that was","title":"Idaho Territory"},{"docid":"2587869","text":"3, 1890. Idaho Territory The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho. The territory was officially organized on March 3, 1863, by Act of Congress, and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. It is a successor region that was created by areas from existing territories undergoing parallel political transitions beginning with disputes over which country owned the region (See Oregon Country); by 1863 the area west of the Continental Divide","title":"Idaho Territory"},{"docid":"232445","text":"was specifically granted to the president, the only way extending the country's territory by treaty could \"not\" be a presidential power would be if it were specifically excluded by the Constitution (which it was not). Jefferson, as a strict constructionist, was right to be concerned about staying within the bounds of the Constitution, but felt the power of these arguments and was willing to \"acquiesce with satisfaction\" if the Congress approved the treaty. The Senate quickly ratified the treaty, and the House, with equal alacrity, authorized the required funding, as the Constitution specifies. The opposition of New England Federalists to","title":"Louisiana Purchase"},{"docid":"16217799","text":"as a single state. However, residents of Indian Territory sponsored a bill to admit Indian Territory as the State of Sequoyah, which was defeated in the U. S. Congress in 1905. President Theodore Roosevelt then proposed a compromise that would join Indian Territory with Oklahoma Territory to form a single state. This resulted in passage of the Oklahoma Enabling Act, which President Roosevelt signed June 16, 1906. The Act included several other requirements for the Oklahoma Constitution: The constitution was written to meet these requirements. President Roosevelt proclaimed Oklahoma a state on November 16, 1907. The requirement to keep Guthrie","title":"Oklahoma Enabling Act"},{"docid":"9712712","text":"Constitutional Convention and signed the Louisiana Ordinance of Secession on January 26, 1861. In November 1865, he was elected as a state representative in the post-civil war Reconstruction legislature; this tenure is not reflectd in the website, \"Membership of the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1812-2016.\" Elam served in the state legislature until the passage in 1867 by Congress of the Reconstruction Acts. Elam attended the National Union Convention as a delegate from Louisiana in 1866. During Reconstruction, the Radical Republicans took control of Louisiana, and Elam was temporarily disfranchised under the Louisiana Constitution of 1868, which prevented former officers of","title":"Joseph Barton Elam"},{"docid":"1074209","text":"day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, and in 1861, Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1872, Harvey County was established within the Kansas Territory which included the land for modern day Hesston. A post office was established as Elivon on February 10, 1873. It then moved near the current city site on April 24, 1878. In 1886, Hesston was founded and named after the Hess brothers who owned the land where a depot on","title":"Hesston, Kansas"},{"docid":"5401138","text":"Constitution of Louisiana The Louisiana Constitution is legally named the Constitution of the State of Louisiana and commonly called the Louisiana Constitution of 1974, and the Constitution of 1974. The constitution is the cornerstone of the law of Louisiana ensuring the rights of individuals, describing the distribution and power of state officials and local government, establishes the state and city civil service systems, creates and defines the operation of a state lottery, and the manner of revising the constitution. Louisiana's constitution was adopted (adopted in Convention) during the Constitutional Convention in 1974, ratified by the voters of the state on","title":"Constitution of Louisiana"},{"docid":"3259024","text":"versa. All constitutions were signed by the UFP and the African nationalist party in each territory. However, there were immediate repercussions; Ian Smith, chief whip for the UFP in the federal assembly, resigned in protest at the new Southern Rhodesian constitution, calling it \"racialist\", while the nationalist National Democratic Party withdrew support for the constitution having earlier signed it. Eventually, Welensky was comfortable with an African majority in Nyasaland and for the province to secede, seeking to preserve only a union of the two Rhodesias. But, as a Northern Rhodesian, he did not accept black majority rule for the territory","title":"Roy Welensky"},{"docid":"6499650","text":"In a diversionary maneuver, Venice sent Roberto Sanseverino to attack the Duchy of Milan under the pretext of supporting the rights of the Visconti heir, but the diversion was further diverted when Robert had to counter Alfonso, who was sacking Milanese territories. The war began to lose momentum. The war came to a conclusion with the Treaty of Bagnolo, signed on 7 August 1484. Ercole ceded the territory of Rovigo in the Polesine, lost at an early stage of the fighting, and the Venetian forces that were occupying Ferrara-owned territory withdrew. Ercole had successfully avoided the absorption of Ferrara, seat","title":"War of Ferrara"},{"docid":"9884593","text":"Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana The Office of Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana () is the second highest state office in Louisiana. The current lieutenant governor is Billy Nungesser, a Republican. Paul J. Hardy, who served from 1988 to 1992, was the first Republican in the position after the Reconstruction Era. The office was established by the Louisiana Constitution of 1845. Prior to that, the successor to the governor in the event of his death or resignation was the President of the Louisiana State Senate. A number of state senate presidents succeeded governors before the 1845 Constitution was adopted, including Henry S.","title":"Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana"},{"docid":"6859197","text":"network programming. On February 1, 2004, the station launched full-time with a mixture of UPN, local, and syndicated programming. KEJB was the market's second UPN affiliate. Cable subscribers received UPN via secondary affiliation on KLAX from the network's launch until KAQY (channel 11) signed on at the end of 1998. The city's first over-the-air affiliate, KMNO-LP, originally broadcast on channel 22 and signed on on March 27, 1998. Owned by Louisiana Christian Television (who also owned KMCT), the station was then sold to Great Oaks Broadcasting of Baton Rouge in 2000. KMNO was never carried on local Monroe-area cable systems","title":"KEJB"},{"docid":"19819183","text":"specific terms for the boundary were: Included in this cessation were the historic villages along the Rock River (Illinois), particularly Saukenuk. William Henry Harrison, the representative for the United States, was governor of the Indiana territory and of the District of Louisiana, superintendent of Indian Affairs for the said territory and district. The party of Sauk who signed the treaty, led by Quashquame, were not expecting to negotiate land and did not include important tribal leaders who would ordinarily have been in such negotiations. Black Hawk never recognized the treaty as valid and this led him to side with the","title":"Treaty of St. Louis (1804)"},{"docid":"11941044","text":"the title to Oklahoma, the only part of the Tri-State territory not owned by Watts. The U.S. Tag Team Championship's name was then changed to the Tri-State Tag Title in 1980. The title lasted until Tri-State closed in 1982, when Mid-South Wrestling took over Oklahoma from McGuirk. NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship The NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship was a tag team title created in 1962, and contested in the National Wrestling Alliance's Tri-State territory, which was promoted by Leroy McGuirk (Arkansas and Oklahoma) and Jack Curtis and Aurelian \"Grizzly\" Smith (Louisiana). For most of its existence, the title was","title":"NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship"},{"docid":"13396107","text":"judges of the Superior court of the Territory of Orleans. When Louisiana was admitted into the Union in 1812, Lewis and the other judges of the territorial Superior Court continued in their posts, under the 'schedule' of the State constitution, until the Supreme Court was selected. He was then made judge of the 1st judicial district. He served under Andrew Jackson in the War of 1812, participating as the captain of an organized military company in the night attack on the British of December 23, 1814, during the Battle of New Orleans. In 1816, he ran for Governor against Jacques","title":"Joshua Lewis (judge)"},{"docid":"944522","text":"but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1860, Ottawa County was established. Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, Ottawa County remained a prohibition, or \"dry\", county until 2006, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement. According to","title":"Ottawa County, Kansas"},{"docid":"1592862","text":"Louisiana Territory. The seat of government was in the town of St. Louis. The first territorial governor was James Wilkinson, appointed by President Jefferson and concurrently holding the position of Senior Officer of the United States Army. Meriwether Lewis (1807–1809) and William Clark (1813–1820) served as the second and third Louisiana Territory governors, respectively. On June 4, 1812, the Twelfth U.S. Congress enacted legislation which renamed Louisiana Territory as Missouri Territory, in order to avoid confusion with the recently admitted State of Louisiana. Louisiana Territory The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United","title":"Louisiana Territory"},{"docid":"20018045","text":"territory in 1975. The CPRM is owned by the Ministry of Mines and Energy. The 1988 constitution only allows mining on indigenous territories when authorized by a specific law. The Indians expressed opposition to mining. The Morro dos Seis Lagos Biological Reserve was created by Amazonas state decree 12.836 of 9 March 1990. In October 1997 a scheduled auction of the niobium reserve was cancelled due to pressure from the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, which objected to opening the mine since it is within two protected areas. In 1999 the mining concession was annulled at the","title":"Balaio Indigenous Territory"},{"docid":"917389","text":"found it occupied mostly by the Osage and Quapaw tribes. It was recognized as Osage territory by the time United States secured it as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In 1819, the Arkansas Territory was organized, then was split in 1824 and 1828. An 1828 treaty with the Cherokee Nation assigned the area of Nowata County to the Cherokees, who included it in 1856 in their newly created Cooweescoowee District. The Cherokees and the Delaware signed a treaty in 1867 that resulted in Delaware settlements near the present towns of Delaware, Lenapah and Nowata, Oklahoma. The state of","title":"Nowata County, Oklahoma"},{"docid":"12735429","text":"Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory The Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory, also known as the Northern Cherokee Nation, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization of individuals who identify as Cherokee but have not been recognized as a government. Members live primarily in Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Their current Chief is Chief Grey Elk. The name of the group originated in 1978 and in 1991 after learning more of their history, changed it to Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory to better describe the history of who they are. In an attempt","title":"Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory"},{"docid":"1081393","text":"owned by Moser Community Media out of Brenham, Texas. The mayor of the town is Judge Cordray. The town clerk is Sharon Stewart. The town billing clerk is Terri Hamon. The town's occupational and property tax clerk is Lekia Henderson. Logansport, Louisiana Logansport is a town in western DeSoto Parish adjacent to the Sabine River in western Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,555 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Shreveport–Bossier City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The area, long a disputed boundary even after the Louisiana Purchase, was part of a neutral territory negotiated by Gen. James Wilkinson","title":"Logansport, Louisiana"},{"docid":"5981004","text":"WUUU WUUU (98.9 FM, \"Cat Country 98.9\") is a country music-formatted radio station with offices in Covington, Louisiana and Hammond, Louisiana. The station, which is owned by Pittman Broadcasting Services, LLC., operates with an ERP of 25 kw. The station signed on the air in 1995 as a class A station playing country music owned by Gaco Broadcasting Corp. In May 2002, the station was sold to Marcus Pittman, III. On December 18, 2013, the station was relocated to a new transmitter site just north of Folsom, Louisiana, and upgraded to a Class C3 operating at 25,000 watts. The WUUU","title":"WUUU"},{"docid":"5401142","text":"Representative Nathaniel Macon submitted a petition based on the inclusion of the territory of West Florida. Confrontations were heated in the house that ranged from; the West Florida territory belonged to the Mississippi Territory (U.S. Representative William Bibb of Georgia), that the entire idea of expansion was unconstitutional without the vote of the people (U.S. Representative Richard Johnson of Kentucky), the undetermined borders (U.S. Representative Timothy Pitkin of Connecticut), and U.S. Representative Josiah Quincy's (Massachusetts) strong opposition; \"I address you, Mr. Speaker, with an anxiety and distress of mind with me wholly unprecedented. To me it appears that this measure","title":"Constitution of Louisiana"},{"docid":"15800109","text":"the CBS affiliates for the area. It was not until the 1980s that another UHF station signed on to serve the Lake Charles area (KLTL-TV, a satellite of Louisiana Public Broadcasting, signed on in 1981, and KVHP, which is now a Fox affiliate, signed on in 1983). KTAG-TV KTAG-TV was the first television station in the Lake Charles area. It was owned by Charles W. Lamar of Baton Rouge and broadcast on UHF channel 25. Originally, the station was affiliated with CBS, ABC, and Dumont, but by 1957, it was solely a CBS affiliate, as Dumont folded and when KPLC-TV","title":"KTAG-TV"},{"docid":"2600205","text":"District of Louisiana was re-designated as the Louisiana Territory (1805-1812), when it acquired its own territorial government, modeled on that of the Indiana Territory. Under the terms of the act establishing the temporary government, the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory were to meet twice a year in St. Louis. However, the settlers west of the Mississippi River complained strongly about the arrangement. Opposition was indicated by: Upset citizens of the Louisiana District met in St. Louis in September 1804 to sign a declaration formally protesting the annexation. Among the signers were Auguste Chouteau. A notable event during this","title":"District of Louisiana"},{"docid":"13106207","text":"Pope soon moved to Ste. Genevieve, near the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and started practicing law in the Louisiana Territory, which had recently become part of the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. However, Pope soon realized economic opportunities were greater in Kaskaskia on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, and planned to move there. Furthermore, Kaskaskia became the seat of government when Congress organized the Illinois Territory in 1809, splitting off what became Ohio and the Indiana Territory. Pope's Democratic-Republican leanings and family connections, especially his brother John who became U.S. Senator from","title":"Nathaniel Pope"},{"docid":"11609761","text":"Keithville, Louisiana Keithville is an unincorporated community in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies to the south of Shreveport along U.S. Route 171. Although unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 71047. Keithville came into existence when two railroads, the Southern Pacific and the Houston-Shreveport, met on properties of the Keith brothers in the early 1880s. One of the Keith brothers was State Representative Perry Polk Keith, who served four terms from 1912 to 1928. Perry Keith was born near Macon, Georgia but settled in virgin territory in Caddo Parish when he was three months","title":"Keithville, Louisiana"},{"docid":"954591","text":"territory from 1763 to 1765. The French community built St Landry Catholic Church in 1767, dedicated to St. Landry, the Bishop of Paris in the 7th century. On April 10, 1805, after the United States had acquired the Louisiana Purchase, the post was named the town of Opelousas and became the seat of the County of Opelousas, part of the Territory of Orleans. In 1807, when the territory was reorganized into parishes, Opelousas was designated the seat of St. Landry Parish. The United States gained control of the territory in 1803 through the Louisiana Purchase. Americans from the South and","title":"St. Landry Parish, Louisiana"},{"docid":"1558848","text":"Republic of Hawaii The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the nation of Hawaii between July 4, 1894, when the Provisional Government of Hawaii ended, and August 12, 1898, when it was annexed by the United States as a territory of the United States. The Territory of Hawaii was formally established as part of the U.S. on June 14, 1900. The Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in 1893 in a mostly bloodless revolt against Queen Liliuokalani who rejected the constitution then in effect put there by popular force, commonly called the Bayonet Constitution. American officials immediately recognized the","title":"Republic of Hawaii"},{"docid":"13396330","text":"John Thompson (Louisiana) John Thompson (died 1810) was a registrar of lands in the Western District of the Territory of Orleans and judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans. Thompson came to Louisiana from Kentucky in 1805 and was charged with opening the Western District land office in Opelousas, Louisiana. On September 17, 1808, Thompson was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson to be a judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans in place of William Sprigg who had returned to the Ohio Supreme Court. Thompson died in February 1810 in New Orleans, and was","title":"John Thompson (Louisiana)"},{"docid":"3259048","text":"instead. Murphy J. Foster Murphy James Foster (January 12, 1849June 12, 1921) was a Louisiana politician who served two terms as the 31st Governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900. Foster adopted the Louisiana Constitution of 1898, which effectively disfranchised the black majority, who comprised most of the Republicans, thus leading to Louisiana's becoming essentially a one-party (Democratic) state for several generations and excluding African Americans from the political system. Louisiana followed Mississippi (1890) and other southern states in adopting a new constitution with devices to disfranchise blacks, then a majority in the state, chiefly by making voter registration more","title":"Murphy J. Foster"},{"docid":"3259037","text":"Murphy J. Foster Murphy James Foster (January 12, 1849June 12, 1921) was a Louisiana politician who served two terms as the 31st Governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900. Foster adopted the Louisiana Constitution of 1898, which effectively disfranchised the black majority, who comprised most of the Republicans, thus leading to Louisiana's becoming essentially a one-party (Democratic) state for several generations and excluding African Americans from the political system. Louisiana followed Mississippi (1890) and other southern states in adopting a new constitution with devices to disfranchise blacks, then a majority in the state, chiefly by making voter registration more difficult.","title":"Murphy J. Foster"},{"docid":"5401153","text":"United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, and the Louisiana was readmitted to the Union. Considered the best constitution in Louisiana history it did not solve racial discrimination. For the next eight years political fighting and corruption continued in Louisiana. The reconstruction era finally came to a close in Louisiana with the trading of votes that led to the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as President. Federal troops were withdrawn on April 29, 1877, and Democrats took control of Louisiana. The Constitution of 1879 was adopted in conference July 23, and was ratified December 8, 1879 returning Louisiana","title":"Constitution of Louisiana"},{"docid":"13396331","text":"succeeded by Francois Xavier Martin. John Thompson (Louisiana) John Thompson (died 1810) was a registrar of lands in the Western District of the Territory of Orleans and judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans. Thompson came to Louisiana from Kentucky in 1805 and was charged with opening the Western District land office in Opelousas, Louisiana. On September 17, 1808, Thompson was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson to be a judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans in place of William Sprigg who had returned to the Ohio Supreme Court. Thompson died in February 1810","title":"John Thompson (Louisiana)"},{"docid":"14939420","text":"for groups of workers from Bremen to settle on his company's plantations. In the 1887 session of the legislature, he was one of the few who objected to the threat of military force that caused the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii to be called the \"Bayonet Constitution\". He died in Bremen on January 16, 1903. Hackfeld & Company grew to be one of the \"Big Five\" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii. During World War I, Hackfeld & Company was seized by the U.S. government Alien Property Custodian along with other assets owned by","title":"Paul Isenberg"},{"docid":"9662249","text":"KMDL KMDL (97.3 FM, \"97.3 The Dawg\") is a country music-formatted radio station in Lafayette, Louisiana. It is owned by Townsquare Media. Its studios are located on Bertrand Road in Lafayette, and its transmitter is located south of Youngsville, Louisiana. The station is an affiliate of the New Orleans Saints radio network. KMDL began broadcasting August 1, 1981 with 3,000 watts at 97.7. When KMDL signed on, it was a local Kaplan station with a marginal signal over the Lafayette market. In 1991, in an effort to better serve the market as a whole, KMDL upgraded to 40,000 watts and","title":"KMDL"},{"docid":"5401172","text":"voters. However, there are two unusual provisions involving amendments not involving the entire state: Contains provisions to transition between the prior 1921 Constitution and the current 1974 version. Constitution of Louisiana The Louisiana Constitution is legally named the Constitution of the State of Louisiana and commonly called the Louisiana Constitution of 1974, and the Constitution of 1974. The constitution is the cornerstone of the law of Louisiana ensuring the rights of individuals, describing the distribution and power of state officials and local government, establishes the state and city civil service systems, creates and defines the operation of a state lottery,","title":"Constitution of Louisiana"},{"docid":"3167849","text":"which will support economic growth. The property of all land and water within national territory is originally owned by the Nation, who has the right to transfer this ownership to particulars. Hence, private property is a privilege created by the Nation. Expropriations may only be made when there is a public utility cause. The State will always have the right to impose on private property constraints dictated by \"public interest\". The State will also regulate the exploitation of natural resources based on social benefits and the equal distribution of wealth. The state is also responsible for conservation and ecological considerations.","title":"Constitution of Mexico"},{"docid":"13378249","text":"young slave girl, Josephine Louise. When the family returned home, the slave girl's mother sued to obtain a declaration of immediate emancipation as a result of the girl being transported to a country that did not recognize the institution of slavery. The 1835 case, \"Marie Louise v. Marot\" (1836) was heard by the Louisiana state district court and appealed to the Louisiana Supreme Court. The Court held that a slave who is taken to a territory prohibitive of slavery cannot be again reduced to slavery on returning to a territory allowing of slavery. Mathews, speaking for the court, stated that","title":"George Mathews (judge)"},{"docid":"2061227","text":"Valentine Dubourg, who on September 24, 1815, was appointed Bishop of Louisiana and the <nowiki>[</nowiki>East and West<nowiki>]</nowiki> Two Floridas by Pope Pius VII. He was the Bishop of the Louisiana Territory from 1815-1826. Unlike his predecessor, who set up his see in New Orleans, DuBourg chose to set up his episcopal see in St. Louis. After his resignation and transfer to lead the diocese of Montauban, France, the diocese of Louisiana was split, giving New Orleans a bishop again, and the Diocese of St. Louis was erected on July 18, 1826, by Pope Leo XII. When founded, it included the","title":"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis"},{"docid":"1400206","text":"territory. They also signed a treaty with the Southern United States during the Civil War and brought troops to fight for the Confederates. The Choctaw are a Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States (Mississippi, Alabama and, to a lesser extent, Louisiana). There were about 20,000 members of this tribe when they were forced to move to Indian territory. Many of them did not survive. They are of the Muskogean linguistic group. The word Choctaw (also known as Chahta, Chato, Tchakta, and Chocktaw) is possibly a corruption of the Spanish \"chato\", meaning flattened, in allusion to the tribe's","title":"Five Civilized Tribes"},{"docid":"3259043","text":"officially received 116,116 votes (57 percent) to Pharr's 87,698 ballots (43 percent). The election, however, suffered heavily from fraud which benefited Foster, and widespread violence to suppress black Republican voting. A clear accounting of the election results is probably not possible. Subsequently, as governor, Foster signed off on the new Louisiana Constitution of 1898, establishing a variety of voter registration requirements that would \"disenfranchise blacks, Republicans, and white Populists.\" (All of these categories of voters had voted overwhelmingly for John N. Pharr, and similar coalitions gained governorships and/or congressional seats in some southern states. The new constitution ensured that Louisiana","title":"Murphy J. Foster"},{"docid":"954384","text":"of this territory through the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803, the primary settlers who came to the area were ethnic French and Spanish. During this period, Dr. Timothy Burr, a Massachusetts native who had migrated to Louisiana from Mt. Vernon, Ohio, established the community of Burr Ferry at his landing on the Sabine River. This community became known as the \"Gateway to Louisiana\" from the west. For decades this area was part of the Natchitoches, Rapides, and Sabine parishes, which were established soon after the US acquired this territory in the early nineteenth century. The timber industry was most","title":"Vernon Parish, Louisiana"},{"docid":"1686336","text":"be settled until ninety-one years later when the International Court of Justice decided in favor of Honduras. The 1860 treaty also recognized that the Mosquito Kingdom, now reduced to the territory around Bluefields, would become an autonomous Miskito reserve. The municipal constitution of the reserve, signed on September 13, 1861, confirmed George Augustus Frederic II as ruler of the territory and its inhabitants, but only as hereditary chief and not king, a title that, along those of general, admiral and governor, was abolished; and that the hereditary chief would be advised by a council of 41 members elected for a","title":"Mosquito Coast"},{"docid":"2575264","text":"next step, which would take place when the territory had at least 5,000 adult males, was to organize a territorial legislature, with a popularly elected lower chamber and an upper chamber appointed by the president. The final step, which would take place when the territory had a population of at least 60,000, was to write a state constitution and elect a state government, at which time the territory would be admitted to the Union. Several candidates were put forth for governor of the new territory. William Blount (1749–1800), a Constitutional Convention delegate and former state legislator who had championed the","title":"Southwest Territory"},{"docid":"12482603","text":"KVOL KVOL (1330 AM) is a radio station licensed to Lafayette, Louisiana, United States. It serves the Acadiana area and Lake Charles, Louisiana with the programming simulcast on KLCJ FM (104.1). KVOL was the first radio station in Lafayette when they signed on-air on May 18, 1935. It is owned and operated by Delta Media Corporation. KVOL's studios are located on Evangeline Thruway in Carencro, and its transmitter is located in west Lafayette. KVOL is an Oldies/Classic Hits formatted radio station known as \"The Rewind.\" The Rewind focuses on \"The Greatest Hits of All Time\" from 1965–1985. Feature programming also","title":"KVOL"},{"docid":"9662251","text":"\"the Dawg,\" a reference to USL's then-Bulldog mascot. An Ibiquity-licensed station, KMDL began broadcasting HD Radio in November 2007. Currently, KMDL does not multicast. KMDL KMDL (97.3 FM, \"97.3 The Dawg\") is a country music-formatted radio station in Lafayette, Louisiana. It is owned by Townsquare Media. Its studios are located on Bertrand Road in Lafayette, and its transmitter is located south of Youngsville, Louisiana. The station is an affiliate of the New Orleans Saints radio network. KMDL began broadcasting August 1, 1981 with 3,000 watts at 97.7. When KMDL signed on, it was a local Kaplan station with a marginal","title":"KMDL"},{"docid":"16583462","text":"Marguerite-Suzanne Delord-Sarpy (1788–1863), daughter of a wealthy widow and prominent family of the town. (She was granddaughter of Pierre Antoine Foucher de Circé and older sister of Louise Delord Sarpy, who married André's younger cousin Dominique François Burthe, who had also travelled to Louisiana as part of the advance party.) The couple were married on 23 July 1803 by the hospital chaplain under a special dispensation. In the event, Louisiana was French for just three weeks (30 November–20 December 1803) as the area became an American territory on 20 December. When they had set out from France to reclaim Louisiana,","title":"André Burthe"},{"docid":"249354","text":"on March 9, 1804, when a French tricolor was raised near the river, replacing the Spanish national flag. The following day, Captain Amos Stoddard of the First U.S. Artillery marched his troops into town and had the American flag run up the fort's flagpole. The Louisiana territory was officially transferred to the United States government, represented by Meriwether Lewis. The Louisiana Territory, purchased for less than 3 cents an acre, doubled the size of the United States overnight, without a war or the loss of a single American life, and set a precedent for the purchase of territory. It opened","title":"Louisiana"},{"docid":"17793587","text":"Trust Territory (except if another citizenship was acquired at birth or later), through \"jus sanguinis\" in the case of a person born outside the Trust Territory to parents who were citizens of the Trust Territory by taking up residence in the Trust Territory before age 21, or by naturalization upon approval by the High Commissioner. Under Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, \"A person who is a citizen of the Trust Territory immediately prior to the effective date of this Constitution and a domiciliary of a District ratifying this Constitution is a citizen and national of the Federated States","title":"Nationality law of the Federated States of Micronesia"},{"docid":"10326279","text":"the Union, and have a right to adopt such a constitution, in this respect, as may comport with the wishes of a majority of the citizens. ... The toleration of slavery is either right or wrong; and if Congress should think, with us, that it is wrong, that it is inconsistent with the principles upon which our future constitution is to be formed, your memorialists will rest satisfied that, at least, this subject will not be by them taken up until the constitutional number of the citizens of this Territory shall assume that right. When the petition was signed and","title":"History of slavery in Indiana"},{"docid":"14887304","text":"Parish, who died in 1921, and the former Mary Etta Daniel (1859-1956), a native of Mer Rouge in Morehouse Parish. Sallie Preaus was the first woman to register to vote in Union Parish with ratification in 1920 of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Preaus's maternal uncle was Charles Ruffin Tidwell (1894-1967), a former streets and parks commissioner for Monroe, Louisiana, when that city operated under the city commission form of government. In 1933, Preaus graduated from Louisiana Tech University in nearby Ruston in Lincoln Parish. In 1953, Preaus was the president of the Louisiana Tech Alumni Association.","title":"Fred Preaus"},{"docid":"16906726","text":"shall have at least two tier governance with second tier as locally elected state government. When a union territory is listed in Schedule 1 of the constitution it is part of 'territory of India' but not union of states (i.e. India/ Bharat) and will be governed by the president as per of Part VIII. When the word India or Bharat or union of India is used in the constitution, it is applicable to the territories of states only. When the word 'territory of India' is used in the constitution, it is applicable to all the territories including the union territories","title":"Part I of the Constitution of India"},{"docid":"4389435","text":"Connecticut, then two years in Newport, Rhode Island, then was admitted to the bar. He moved to Vincennes, Indiana Territory, in 1804. There, he befriended William Henry Harrison, and assisted with Harrison's government of the District of Louisiana. When Harrison was replaced with James Wilkinson, Hempstead resigned and moved to St. Louis. Hempstead later served with other Governors of the Louisiana and Missouri Territory, including attorney general. In 1812, the Territory of Missouri (renamed to avoid confusion with Louisiana) became entitled to a delegate to Congress. Hempstead was elected and served a two-year term, declining re-election. He returned to private","title":"Edward Hempstead"},{"docid":"18297706","text":"with a national release two days later, on October 16. The film stars Val Winter as Livingston and Leo Zinser as Talleyrand. It also stars Julian Miester and Phyliss Massicot. Louisiana Territory (film) Louisiana Territory is a 1953 American historical drama film directed by Harry W. Smith (who also photographed the film), from an original screenplay by Jerome Brondfield. It opens with the circumstances of the sale of the Louisiana Territory by Napoleon's government and the roles of Robert Livingston and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord. However, most of the film deals with the spirit of Livingston visiting major cities of","title":"Louisiana Territory (film)"},{"docid":"8542269","text":"William J. Tennyson Jr. William \"Bill\" J. Tennyson Jr. (1923–1959) was a notable American jazz musician. A Louisiana Creole, Tennyson was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and his father was born in Donaldsonville, Louisiana. After his mother died when Tennyson was aged three, he and his two younger siblings moved to live with their grandmother, Mathilda, who had formerly owned a sugar cane plantation near the Bayous of Louisiana. \"Bill\" was a major part of Jazz and the Harlem Renaissance period. He attended a university in Louisiana at age 13, was a self-taught musician and, aged 16, was one of","title":"William J. Tennyson Jr."},{"docid":"20886551","text":"Virginia. His parents were wealthy enough to send him to William and Mary College. He graduated in 1808, at the age of 18, spent the following two years studying law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1810, he settled in St. Louis in the Louisiana Territory (renamed the Missouri Territory when Louisiana joined the Union) and set up a law practice. Acting Governor Frederick Bates appointed Wash to the position of Deputy Attorney General of the Louisiana Territory in November 1811. During the War of 1812, Wash served as a lieutenant in Alexander McNair's mounted regiment and then as","title":"Robert Wash"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2877748\",\n \"text\": \"(in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States who had authorized the 1803 Louisiana Purchase that included much of the proposed territory) was chosen and a constitutional convention was scheduled for June 6, 1859. The conventioneers met that day, and then adjourned until August 1, 1859, when 167 representatives from 37 districts met to draft a constitution for Jefferson State. The state constitution was subsequently rejected in a popular referendum on September 24 in favor of creating a territory, primarily because the organization of the territory would be funded by Congress while the organization of a\",\n \"title\": \"Jefferson Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5401149\",\n \"text\": \"1861) from the union. Resolutions included the dissolution of the constitution of 1852, while enacting all provisions which effectively resulted in just a name change, adopting the constitution of the Confederate States of America, established provisions for the dissolution of the state government if approved by the citizens, and included provisions for new elections. The Louisiana Constitution of 1864 abolished slavery throughout the state, but was effective only in the thirteen Louisiana parishes under Union control during the war. Voting rights to black men who fought for the Union, owned property, or were literate, were allowed to be authorized (but\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5401139\",\n \"text\": \"April 20, 1974, and became effective on January 1, 1975. The beginning of statehood for Louisiana began with the Louisiana purchase in 1803. In 1804, the land the United States purchased from France was divided in two territories: 1) the Louisiana Territory (upper territory) and 2) the area below the 33rd parallel (current Louisiana-Arkansas state line), the Orleans Territory each as an organized incorporated territory of the United States. The Territory of Orleans formed the bulk of what today is the State of Louisiana. From the beginning there were border disputes. In 1795, the \\\"Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"232438\",\n \"text\": \"east to the Rocky Mountains in the west. Acquiring the territory would double the size of the United States, at a sum of less than 3 cents per acre. Henry Adams and other historians have argued that Jefferson acted hypocritically with the Louisiana Purchase, due to his position as a strict constructionist regarding the Constitution since he stretched the intent of that document to justify his purchase. This argument goes as follows: The American purchase of the Louisiana territory was not accomplished without domestic opposition. Jefferson's philosophical consistency was in question because of his strict interpretation of the Constitution. Many\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Purchase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2600110\",\n \"text\": \"Territory of Orleans The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana. In 1804, all of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 33rd parallel became the Orleans Territory, and the remainder became the District of Louisiana. (The District of Louisiana was later renamed the Louisiana Territory; and still later, when the Orleans Territory became the State of Louisiana, the Louisiana Territory was renamed the Missouri Territory.) The Organic Act of 1804,\",\n \"title\": \"Territory of Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1971350\",\n \"text\": \"bought a plantation in Arkansas. Bowie and his brother John were involved in a major court case in the late 1820s over land speculation. When the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory in 1803, it promised to honor all former land grant claims, and for the next 20 years efforts were made to establish who owned what land. In May 1824, Congress authorized the superior courts of each territory to hear suits from those who claimed they had been overlooked. The Arkansas Superior Court received 126 claims in late 1827 from residents who claimed to have purchased land in former\",\n \"title\": \"James Bowie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2597307\",\n \"text\": \"Montana Territory The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the State of Montana. The Montana Territory was organized out of the existing Idaho Territory by Act of Congress and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 26, 1864. The areas east of the Continental Divide had been previously part of the Nebraska Territory and Dakota Territory and had been acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. The territory\",\n \"title\": \"Montana Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1592859\",\n \"text\": \"Louisiana Territory The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1805, until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed the Missouri Territory. Louisiana Territory was formed out of the Indiana Territory-administered District of Louisiana, which consisted of all Louisiana Purchase lands north of the 33rd parallel. The 33rd parallel now forms the southern border of Arkansas and the northern border of Louisiana. The territory's predecessor, the District of Louisiana, as well as the District of Orleans, were formed from the lands acquired by the United States in\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1395111\",\n \"text\": \"in 1702. The French (later Spanish) Louisiana Territory was owned by France for a number of years before the money-losing territory was transferred to French banker Antoine Crozat in 1713 for 15 years. After losing four times his investment, Crozat gave up his charter in 1717. Control of Louisiana and its 700 inhabitants was given to the Company of the Indies in 1719. The company conducted a major settlement program by recruiting European settlers to locate in the territory. Unemployed persons, convicts and prostitutes were also sent to the Louisiana Territory. After the bankruptcy of the company in 1720, control\",\n \"title\": \"New France\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1003825\",\n \"text\": \"been free as a territory under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, and had prohibited slavery in its constitution in 1819 when it was admitted as a state. In 1836, Emerson moved with Scott from Illinois to Fort Snelling in the Wisconsin territory in what has become the state of Minnesota. Slavery in the Wisconsin Territory (some of which, including Fort Snelling, was part of the Louisiana Purchase) was prohibited by the United States Congress under the Missouri Compromise. During his stay at Fort Snelling, Scott married Harriet Robinson in a civil ceremony by Harriet's owner, Major Lawrence Taliaferro, a justice\",\n \"title\": \"Dred Scott v. Sandford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4300851\",\n \"text\": \"confirmed by the state senate and served until October 13, 1796. Soon after the United States made the Louisiana Purchase, Brown moved to New Orleans, where he was appointed in 1804 as secretary of the Territory of Orleans. He served from October 1 to December 11 of that year, when he was appointed as U.S. Attorney-General for the Territory. Brown became one of the wealthiest planters and slave owners on the German Coast. His extensive plantation produced sugar through the use of slave labor. In January 1811, some slaves from James Brown's plantations (some of them jointly owned by his\",\n \"title\": \"James Brown (Louisiana politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15677471\",\n \"text\": \"History of Louisiana Tech University The History of Louisiana Tech University began when the Industrial Institute and College of Louisiana was founded in Ruston, Louisiana in 1894. The institute was founded to develop an industrial economy in the state of Louisiana. Four years later, the school was renamed the Louisiana Industrial Institute when Louisiana adopted the Constitution of 1898. When the Constitution of 1921 was passed, the school changed its name again to Louisiana Polytechnic Institute to reflect the school's evolution from a trade school into a larger and broader technical institute. Although the university was informally called Louisiana Tech\",\n \"title\": \"History of Louisiana Tech University\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9063057\",\n \"text\": \"the territories of the Louisiana Purchase, as the ordinance had been issued originally under the Articles of Confederation, not under the US Constitution. As a legal precedent, they offered the treaty acquiring the Louisiana lands in 1803: the document included a provision (Article 3) that extended the rights of US citizens to all inhabitants of the new territory, including the protection of property in slaves. When slaveholders embraced Jeffersonian constitutional strictures on a limited central government they were reminded that Jefferson, as US President in 1803, had deviated from these precepts when he wielded federal executive power to double the\",\n \"title\": \"Missouri Compromise\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3119787\",\n \"text\": \"home as a boy. When older, he attended Charlotte Hall Military Academy in Maryland. Edward Bates served in the War of 1812 before moving to St. Louis, Missouri Territory, in 1814 with his older brother James, who started working as an attorney. Their eldest brother Frederick Bates was already in St. Louis by that time, where he had served as Secretary of the Louisiana Territory and Secretary of the Missouri Territory. Edward Bates studied the law with Rufus Easton and boarded with his family. Easton was Judge of the Louisiana Territory, the largest jurisdiction in U.S. history since the Louisiana\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Bates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5950302\",\n \"text\": \"Root became the new secretary of war, and the unreleased report was scrapped. Magoon drafted a new report which came to precisely the opposite conclusion from the first: the Constitution did not apply in new territories until the United States Congress specifically passed legislation to authorize it. It argued that precedent was set when Congress passed legislation to apply the Constitution to the Northwest Territory and the Louisiana Purchase. This revised report was dated February 12, 1900, and released to Congress as a policy document expressing the Department's official stance on the issue. This view was largely adopted by the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Edward Magoon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5401141\",\n \"text\": \"ordered U.S. forces into the area and incorporated it into the Orleans territory. Senator William Giles of Virginia had already submitted a petition for statehood, in March 1810, based on the ordinance of 1787. The senate passed the petition on April 27, 1810, by a vote of 15 to 8, and ordered the territory to assemble a convention to draft a constitutional amendment. Because the president incorporated the area of West Florida into the Orleans Territory, Representative Julien Poydras (Orleans Territory) on December 17, 1810, petitioned for statehood based on Article III of the Louisiana Purchase. On Dec. 27, U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9742210\",\n \"text\": \"party. Division attorneys also defend the state in all habeas corpus actions filed by prison inmates in state and federal courts. Each year they litigate some 500 federal habeas corpus actions in the federal district courts, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court. Missouri Attorney General The Office of the Missouri Attorney General was created in 1806 when Missouri was part of the Louisiana Territory. Missouri's first Constitution in 1820 provided for an appointed Attorney General, but since the 1865 Constitution, the Attorney General has been elected. To date there have been 42 attorneys general in\",\n \"title\": \"Missouri Attorney General\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5400995\",\n \"text\": \"state due to the tense equality achieved under the Missouri Compromise. The territory elected delegates for a state constitutional convention. Territorial governor, William Fulton tried to halt the convention, but Attorney General, Benjamin F. Butler ruled the assemblage legal. The first state constitution was ratified by Congress on January 30, 1836, and on June 15 of that year, President Andrew Jackson signed the act making Arkansas the 25th state. The first constitution was vague and short. It was replaced by the second Arkansas state constitution when Arkansas seceded from the Union on May 6, 1861. This constitution was very similar\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Arkansas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1128105\",\n \"text\": \"family. Lindsey Carson was a farmer of Scots-Irish descent, who had fought in the Revolutionary War under General Wade Hampton. He had a total of fifteen surviving children: five by his first wife, and ten by his second wife (Kit's mother), Rebecca Robinson. The Carson family settled on a tract of land owned by the sons of Daniel Boone, who had purchased the land from the Spanish prior to the United States annexing the territory by the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The Boone and Carson families became good friends, working, socializing, and intermarrying. Carson was eight when his father was\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2600114\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Du Ponceau (1804) (declined President Thomas Jefferson's appointment), William Sprigg (1805–1807), George Mathews, Jr. (1805–1813), Joshua Lewis (1807–1813), and Francois Xavier Martin (1810–1813). Territory of Orleans The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana. In 1804, all of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 33rd parallel became the Orleans Territory, and the remainder became the District of Louisiana. (The District of Louisiana was later renamed the Louisiana Territory; and\",\n \"title\": \"Territory of Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9742194\",\n \"text\": \"Missouri Attorney General The Office of the Missouri Attorney General was created in 1806 when Missouri was part of the Louisiana Territory. Missouri's first Constitution in 1820 provided for an appointed Attorney General, but since the 1865 Constitution, the Attorney General has been elected. To date there have been 42 attorneys general in Missouri. Eric Schmitt has been appointed to become the 43rd Attorney General in January, 2019 filling the mid-term vacancy created by Josh Hawley's election to the United States Senate. By law, the attorney general is a member of the Board of Fund Commissioners, the Board of Public\",\n \"title\": \"Missouri Attorney General\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2078723\",\n \"text\": \"Julien de Lallande Poydras Julien de Lallande (Lalande) Poydras (April 3, 1740 – June 23, 1824) was a French American merchant, planter, financier, poet, educator, slaveowner, and political leader who served as Delegate from the Territory of Orleans to the U.S. House of Representatives. He was a catalyst in the promotion of Louisiana statehood and helped draft the state's first constitution. He served as the first President of the Louisiana State Senate. He was born in Rezé (near Nantes), Pays-de-la-Loire, France. He served in the French Navy and was captured by the British in 1760 and taken to England. He\",\n \"title\": \"Julien de Lallande Poydras\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8218745\",\n \"text\": \"of Orleans. In 1804, Congress created a three-judge Superior Court for the territory and gave the Legislative Council the power to create other courts. In 1807, the newly-elected Legislative Council created courts in each of the territory's nineteen parishes. These courts were courts of general jurisdiction with an appeal applying to the Superior Court. In the first Constitution for the state of Louisiana, one Supreme Court was created and the Legislature was given the power to create inferior courts. The number of judges was fixed to be not less than three and not more than five who were to be\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17706251\",\n \"text\": \"on 20 December 1961, the day following the formal ceremony of official Portuguese surrender, when Governor General Manuel António Vassalo e Silva signed the instrument of surrender bringing to an end 451 years of Portuguese rule in Goa. On 30 May 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa was made India's twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining a union territory. The \\\"Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Bill, 1962\\\" (Bill No. 3 of 1962) was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 12 March 1962. It was introduced by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and sought to amend article 240 and the\",\n \"title\": \"Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution of India\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7795780\",\n \"text\": \"the law\\\" as an apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1807. In 1807, he commenced practice in Attakapas Parish, Territory of Orleans. (In 1811, the area around Franklin, Louisiana, became St. Mary Parish.) Porter was a delegate to the convention which framed the first Constitution of Louisiana in 1812. He was elected as a member of the lower branch of the Louisiana Legislature from 1816 to 1818. Alexander Porter served as a Louisiana Supreme Court justice from 1821 to 1833. In 1833, he was selected as a Whig to the United States Senate by the state legislature, to\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander Porter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12228984\",\n \"text\": \"few years starting in 1808 before returning to Camagüey.) The Church also experienced growth. In 1787 a Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Habana was established, which included Florida and Louisiana in its territory. In 1793 the Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas was established. Both were suffragan to the Archdiocese of Santo Domingo, but after the Treaty of Basel, it disappeared, so Santiago de Cuba was elevated to an Archdiocese with the above-mentioned dioceses suffragan to it, as well as the Diocese of Puerto Rico. The Spanish Constitution of 1812 enacted by the Cádiz Cortes declared the territory\",\n \"title\": \"Captaincy General of Cuba\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2600207\",\n \"text\": \"District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official, temporary, United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Orleans Territory. It officially existed from March 10, 1804 until July 4, 1805, when it was incorporated as the Louisiana Territory. The area north of present-day Arkansas was commonly referred to as Upper Louisiana. The United States District of Louisiana had two incarnations: first, as a federally administered military district (March 10, 1804 - September 30, 1804); then as an organized territory (October 1, 1804 - July 4,\",\n \"title\": \"District of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2600202\",\n \"text\": \"District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official, temporary, United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Orleans Territory. It officially existed from March 10, 1804 until July 4, 1805, when it was incorporated as the Louisiana Territory. The area north of present-day Arkansas was commonly referred to as Upper Louisiana. The United States District of Louisiana had two incarnations: first, as a federally administered military district (March 10, 1804 - September 30, 1804); then as an organized territory (October 1, 1804 - July 4,\",\n \"title\": \"District of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1084566\",\n \"text\": \"Zwolle, Louisiana Zwolle (Za-wall-ee) is a small town in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,759 at the 2010 census, down from 1,783 in 2000. The first inhabitants of the bowl-shaped area of land upon which the town of Zwolle is situated were the Mound Builders. Lured here for protection from storms, the \\\"bowl\\\" offered them protection. Prehistoric people built the dome-shaped mounds that line the banks of Bayou Scie and Bayou San Miguel, which form a hollow circle around the townsite. As Mound Builders, they were ancestors of North American Indians who owned and inhabited the territory\",\n \"title\": \"Zwolle, Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18309603\",\n \"text\": \"officers of the Militia of the State of Tennessee\\\" asking that Colonel Butler be exonerated for failing to crop his hair, terming it \\\"an illegal and arbitrary mandate\\\". The petition referred to Butler as a \\\"worthy, aged and respectable officer\\\" and was signed by 73 individuals, mostly military officers, lawyers and merchants. The first signer of the petition was the commander of the Tennessee Militia, Major General Andrew Jackson. Butler died of yellow fever died on 7 September 1805, at Ormond Plantation, owned by his nephew, in St. Charles Parish, Territory of Orleans (today's Louisiana). He left the following instructions\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Butler (soldier)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"440026\",\n \"text\": \"the U.S. Virgin Islands Fifth Constitutional Convention adopted a proposed Constitution of the Virgin Islands, which was submitted by President Barack Obama to Congress on March 1, 2010. On June 30, 2010, President Obama signed in which Congress rejected the proposed constitution and urged the constitutional convention to reconvene. As of early 2017, the territory still did not have its own constitution. Little has been achieved on this front since 2009 when a proposed constitution was contested by the US Justice Department on the grounds that the powers sought exceeded what would be considered allowable under territorial status. In September\",\n \"title\": \"United States Virgin Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18377912\",\n \"text\": \"the summit of Mount Roraima as the three-way boundary between Brazil, British Guiana and Venezuela. In 1941 President Eleazar López Contreras and the Colombian President signed the , the border treaty between the two countries, which ceded of territory to Colombia. The 1864 constitution gave these former provinces the status as states: It was stated that the boundaries would remain as in 1856. The 1881 constitution merged the states created in 1864 into eight, larger states: The 1891 constitution established new state boundaries: The 1901 constitution established new divisions of the states: New division of territory: Another division of territory,\",\n \"title\": \"United States of Venezuela\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18297705\",\n \"text\": \"Louisiana Territory (film) Louisiana Territory is a 1953 American historical drama film directed by Harry W. Smith (who also photographed the film), from an original screenplay by Jerome Brondfield. It opens with the circumstances of the sale of the Louisiana Territory by Napoleon's government and the roles of Robert Livingston and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord. However, most of the film deals with the spirit of Livingston visiting major cities of the territory decades later in 1953. Produced by RKO-Pathé, it was distributed by its sister company, RKO Radio Pictures, who premiered the film in New Orleans on October 14, 1953,\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Territory (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"249352\",\n \"text\": \"package which would double the size of the country. Jefferson's political opponents in the Federalist Party argued the Louisiana purchase was a worthless desert, and that the Constitution did not provide for the acquisition of new land or negotiating treaties without the consent of the Senate. What really worried the opposition was the new states which would inevitably be carved from the Louisiana territory, strengthening Western and Southern interests in Congress, and further reducing the influence of New England Federalists in national affairs. President Jefferson was an enthusiastic supporter of westward expansion, and held firm in his support for the\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5970755\",\n \"text\": \"WFMF WFMF (102.5 FM, \\\"102.5 WFMF\\\") is a Top 40 (CHR) music formatted radio station licensed to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The iHeartMedia, Inc. station broadcasts with an ERP of 100 kW. Its studios are located east of downtown Baton Rouge near the I-10/I-12 interchange and its transmitter is in Plaquemine, Louisiana. The station signed on in 1949 as W45BR-FM, the FM counterpart of AM station WJBO with frequency 98.1. The calls later changed to WBRL-FM. It was owned by the Manship family under the name Capital City Communications, who also owned the Morning Advocate (as Capital City Press) and later\",\n \"title\": \"WFMF\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2587859\",\n \"text\": \"Idaho Territory The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho. The territory was officially organized on March 3, 1863, by Act of Congress, and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. It is a successor region that was created by areas from existing territories undergoing parallel political transitions beginning with disputes over which country owned the region (See Oregon Country); by 1863 the area west of the Continental Divide that was\",\n \"title\": \"Idaho Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2587869\",\n \"text\": \"3, 1890. Idaho Territory The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho. The territory was officially organized on March 3, 1863, by Act of Congress, and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. It is a successor region that was created by areas from existing territories undergoing parallel political transitions beginning with disputes over which country owned the region (See Oregon Country); by 1863 the area west of the Continental Divide\",\n \"title\": \"Idaho Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"232445\",\n \"text\": \"was specifically granted to the president, the only way extending the country's territory by treaty could \\\"not\\\" be a presidential power would be if it were specifically excluded by the Constitution (which it was not). Jefferson, as a strict constructionist, was right to be concerned about staying within the bounds of the Constitution, but felt the power of these arguments and was willing to \\\"acquiesce with satisfaction\\\" if the Congress approved the treaty. The Senate quickly ratified the treaty, and the House, with equal alacrity, authorized the required funding, as the Constitution specifies. The opposition of New England Federalists to\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Purchase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16217799\",\n \"text\": \"as a single state. However, residents of Indian Territory sponsored a bill to admit Indian Territory as the State of Sequoyah, which was defeated in the U. S. Congress in 1905. President Theodore Roosevelt then proposed a compromise that would join Indian Territory with Oklahoma Territory to form a single state. This resulted in passage of the Oklahoma Enabling Act, which President Roosevelt signed June 16, 1906. The Act included several other requirements for the Oklahoma Constitution: The constitution was written to meet these requirements. President Roosevelt proclaimed Oklahoma a state on November 16, 1907. The requirement to keep Guthrie\",\n \"title\": \"Oklahoma Enabling Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9712712\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional Convention and signed the Louisiana Ordinance of Secession on January 26, 1861. In November 1865, he was elected as a state representative in the post-civil war Reconstruction legislature; this tenure is not reflectd in the website, \\\"Membership of the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1812-2016.\\\" Elam served in the state legislature until the passage in 1867 by Congress of the Reconstruction Acts. Elam attended the National Union Convention as a delegate from Louisiana in 1866. During Reconstruction, the Radical Republicans took control of Louisiana, and Elam was temporarily disfranchised under the Louisiana Constitution of 1868, which prevented former officers of\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Barton Elam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1074209\",\n \"text\": \"day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, and in 1861, Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1872, Harvey County was established within the Kansas Territory which included the land for modern day Hesston. A post office was established as Elivon on February 10, 1873. It then moved near the current city site on April 24, 1878. In 1886, Hesston was founded and named after the Hess brothers who owned the land where a depot on\",\n \"title\": \"Hesston, Kansas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5401138\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution of Louisiana The Louisiana Constitution is legally named the Constitution of the State of Louisiana and commonly called the Louisiana Constitution of 1974, and the Constitution of 1974. The constitution is the cornerstone of the law of Louisiana ensuring the rights of individuals, describing the distribution and power of state officials and local government, establishes the state and city civil service systems, creates and defines the operation of a state lottery, and the manner of revising the constitution. Louisiana's constitution was adopted (adopted in Convention) during the Constitutional Convention in 1974, ratified by the voters of the state on\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3259024\",\n \"text\": \"versa. All constitutions were signed by the UFP and the African nationalist party in each territory. However, there were immediate repercussions; Ian Smith, chief whip for the UFP in the federal assembly, resigned in protest at the new Southern Rhodesian constitution, calling it \\\"racialist\\\", while the nationalist National Democratic Party withdrew support for the constitution having earlier signed it. Eventually, Welensky was comfortable with an African majority in Nyasaland and for the province to secede, seeking to preserve only a union of the two Rhodesias. But, as a Northern Rhodesian, he did not accept black majority rule for the territory\",\n \"title\": \"Roy Welensky\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6499650\",\n \"text\": \"In a diversionary maneuver, Venice sent Roberto Sanseverino to attack the Duchy of Milan under the pretext of supporting the rights of the Visconti heir, but the diversion was further diverted when Robert had to counter Alfonso, who was sacking Milanese territories. The war began to lose momentum. The war came to a conclusion with the Treaty of Bagnolo, signed on 7 August 1484. Ercole ceded the territory of Rovigo in the Polesine, lost at an early stage of the fighting, and the Venetian forces that were occupying Ferrara-owned territory withdrew. Ercole had successfully avoided the absorption of Ferrara, seat\",\n \"title\": \"War of Ferrara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9884593\",\n \"text\": \"Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana The Office of Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana () is the second highest state office in Louisiana. The current lieutenant governor is Billy Nungesser, a Republican. Paul J. Hardy, who served from 1988 to 1992, was the first Republican in the position after the Reconstruction Era. The office was established by the Louisiana Constitution of 1845. Prior to that, the successor to the governor in the event of his death or resignation was the President of the Louisiana State Senate. A number of state senate presidents succeeded governors before the 1845 Constitution was adopted, including Henry S.\",\n \"title\": \"Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6859197\",\n \"text\": \"network programming. On February 1, 2004, the station launched full-time with a mixture of UPN, local, and syndicated programming. KEJB was the market's second UPN affiliate. Cable subscribers received UPN via secondary affiliation on KLAX from the network's launch until KAQY (channel 11) signed on at the end of 1998. The city's first over-the-air affiliate, KMNO-LP, originally broadcast on channel 22 and signed on on March 27, 1998. Owned by Louisiana Christian Television (who also owned KMCT), the station was then sold to Great Oaks Broadcasting of Baton Rouge in 2000. KMNO was never carried on local Monroe-area cable systems\",\n \"title\": \"KEJB\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19819183\",\n \"text\": \"specific terms for the boundary were: Included in this cessation were the historic villages along the Rock River (Illinois), particularly Saukenuk. William Henry Harrison, the representative for the United States, was governor of the Indiana territory and of the District of Louisiana, superintendent of Indian Affairs for the said territory and district. The party of Sauk who signed the treaty, led by Quashquame, were not expecting to negotiate land and did not include important tribal leaders who would ordinarily have been in such negotiations. Black Hawk never recognized the treaty as valid and this led him to side with the\",\n \"title\": \"Treaty of St. Louis (1804)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11941044\",\n \"text\": \"the title to Oklahoma, the only part of the Tri-State territory not owned by Watts. The U.S. Tag Team Championship's name was then changed to the Tri-State Tag Title in 1980. The title lasted until Tri-State closed in 1982, when Mid-South Wrestling took over Oklahoma from McGuirk. NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship The NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship was a tag team title created in 1962, and contested in the National Wrestling Alliance's Tri-State territory, which was promoted by Leroy McGuirk (Arkansas and Oklahoma) and Jack Curtis and Aurelian \\\"Grizzly\\\" Smith (Louisiana). For most of its existence, the title was\",\n \"title\": \"NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13396107\",\n \"text\": \"judges of the Superior court of the Territory of Orleans. When Louisiana was admitted into the Union in 1812, Lewis and the other judges of the territorial Superior Court continued in their posts, under the 'schedule' of the State constitution, until the Supreme Court was selected. He was then made judge of the 1st judicial district. He served under Andrew Jackson in the War of 1812, participating as the captain of an organized military company in the night attack on the British of December 23, 1814, during the Battle of New Orleans. In 1816, he ran for Governor against Jacques\",\n \"title\": \"Joshua Lewis (judge)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"944522\",\n \"text\": \"but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1860, Ottawa County was established. Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, Ottawa County remained a prohibition, or \\\"dry\\\", county until 2006, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement. According to\",\n \"title\": \"Ottawa County, Kansas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1592862\",\n \"text\": \"Louisiana Territory. The seat of government was in the town of St. Louis. The first territorial governor was James Wilkinson, appointed by President Jefferson and concurrently holding the position of Senior Officer of the United States Army. Meriwether Lewis (1807–1809) and William Clark (1813–1820) served as the second and third Louisiana Territory governors, respectively. On June 4, 1812, the Twelfth U.S. Congress enacted legislation which renamed Louisiana Territory as Missouri Territory, in order to avoid confusion with the recently admitted State of Louisiana. Louisiana Territory The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20018045\",\n \"text\": \"territory in 1975. The CPRM is owned by the Ministry of Mines and Energy. The 1988 constitution only allows mining on indigenous territories when authorized by a specific law. The Indians expressed opposition to mining. The Morro dos Seis Lagos Biological Reserve was created by Amazonas state decree 12.836 of 9 March 1990. In October 1997 a scheduled auction of the niobium reserve was cancelled due to pressure from the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, which objected to opening the mine since it is within two protected areas. In 1999 the mining concession was annulled at the\",\n \"title\": \"Balaio Indigenous Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"917389\",\n \"text\": \"found it occupied mostly by the Osage and Quapaw tribes. It was recognized as Osage territory by the time United States secured it as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In 1819, the Arkansas Territory was organized, then was split in 1824 and 1828. An 1828 treaty with the Cherokee Nation assigned the area of Nowata County to the Cherokees, who included it in 1856 in their newly created Cooweescoowee District. The Cherokees and the Delaware signed a treaty in 1867 that resulted in Delaware settlements near the present towns of Delaware, Lenapah and Nowata, Oklahoma. The state of\",\n \"title\": \"Nowata County, Oklahoma\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12735429\",\n \"text\": \"Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory The Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory, also known as the Northern Cherokee Nation, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization of individuals who identify as Cherokee but have not been recognized as a government. Members live primarily in Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Their current Chief is Chief Grey Elk. The name of the group originated in 1978 and in 1991 after learning more of their history, changed it to Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory to better describe the history of who they are. In an attempt\",\n \"title\": \"Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1081393\",\n \"text\": \"owned by Moser Community Media out of Brenham, Texas. The mayor of the town is Judge Cordray. The town clerk is Sharon Stewart. The town billing clerk is Terri Hamon. The town's occupational and property tax clerk is Lekia Henderson. Logansport, Louisiana Logansport is a town in western DeSoto Parish adjacent to the Sabine River in western Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,555 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Shreveport–Bossier City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The area, long a disputed boundary even after the Louisiana Purchase, was part of a neutral territory negotiated by Gen. James Wilkinson\",\n \"title\": \"Logansport, Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5981004\",\n \"text\": \"WUUU WUUU (98.9 FM, \\\"Cat Country 98.9\\\") is a country music-formatted radio station with offices in Covington, Louisiana and Hammond, Louisiana. The station, which is owned by Pittman Broadcasting Services, LLC., operates with an ERP of 25 kw. The station signed on the air in 1995 as a class A station playing country music owned by Gaco Broadcasting Corp. In May 2002, the station was sold to Marcus Pittman, III. On December 18, 2013, the station was relocated to a new transmitter site just north of Folsom, Louisiana, and upgraded to a Class C3 operating at 25,000 watts. The WUUU\",\n \"title\": \"WUUU\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5401142\",\n \"text\": \"Representative Nathaniel Macon submitted a petition based on the inclusion of the territory of West Florida. Confrontations were heated in the house that ranged from; the West Florida territory belonged to the Mississippi Territory (U.S. Representative William Bibb of Georgia), that the entire idea of expansion was unconstitutional without the vote of the people (U.S. Representative Richard Johnson of Kentucky), the undetermined borders (U.S. Representative Timothy Pitkin of Connecticut), and U.S. Representative Josiah Quincy's (Massachusetts) strong opposition; \\\"I address you, Mr. Speaker, with an anxiety and distress of mind with me wholly unprecedented. To me it appears that this measure\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15800109\",\n \"text\": \"the CBS affiliates for the area. It was not until the 1980s that another UHF station signed on to serve the Lake Charles area (KLTL-TV, a satellite of Louisiana Public Broadcasting, signed on in 1981, and KVHP, which is now a Fox affiliate, signed on in 1983). KTAG-TV KTAG-TV was the first television station in the Lake Charles area. It was owned by Charles W. Lamar of Baton Rouge and broadcast on UHF channel 25. Originally, the station was affiliated with CBS, ABC, and Dumont, but by 1957, it was solely a CBS affiliate, as Dumont folded and when KPLC-TV\",\n \"title\": \"KTAG-TV\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2600205\",\n \"text\": \"District of Louisiana was re-designated as the Louisiana Territory (1805-1812), when it acquired its own territorial government, modeled on that of the Indiana Territory. Under the terms of the act establishing the temporary government, the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory were to meet twice a year in St. Louis. However, the settlers west of the Mississippi River complained strongly about the arrangement. Opposition was indicated by: Upset citizens of the Louisiana District met in St. Louis in September 1804 to sign a declaration formally protesting the annexation. Among the signers were Auguste Chouteau. A notable event during this\",\n \"title\": \"District of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13106207\",\n \"text\": \"Pope soon moved to Ste. Genevieve, near the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and started practicing law in the Louisiana Territory, which had recently become part of the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. However, Pope soon realized economic opportunities were greater in Kaskaskia on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, and planned to move there. Furthermore, Kaskaskia became the seat of government when Congress organized the Illinois Territory in 1809, splitting off what became Ohio and the Indiana Territory. Pope's Democratic-Republican leanings and family connections, especially his brother John who became U.S. Senator from\",\n \"title\": \"Nathaniel Pope\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11609761\",\n \"text\": \"Keithville, Louisiana Keithville is an unincorporated community in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies to the south of Shreveport along U.S. Route 171. Although unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 71047. Keithville came into existence when two railroads, the Southern Pacific and the Houston-Shreveport, met on properties of the Keith brothers in the early 1880s. One of the Keith brothers was State Representative Perry Polk Keith, who served four terms from 1912 to 1928. Perry Keith was born near Macon, Georgia but settled in virgin territory in Caddo Parish when he was three months\",\n \"title\": \"Keithville, Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"954591\",\n \"text\": \"territory from 1763 to 1765. The French community built St Landry Catholic Church in 1767, dedicated to St. Landry, the Bishop of Paris in the 7th century. On April 10, 1805, after the United States had acquired the Louisiana Purchase, the post was named the town of Opelousas and became the seat of the County of Opelousas, part of the Territory of Orleans. In 1807, when the territory was reorganized into parishes, Opelousas was designated the seat of St. Landry Parish. The United States gained control of the territory in 1803 through the Louisiana Purchase. Americans from the South and\",\n \"title\": \"St. Landry Parish, Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1558848\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of Hawaii The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the nation of Hawaii between July 4, 1894, when the Provisional Government of Hawaii ended, and August 12, 1898, when it was annexed by the United States as a territory of the United States. The Territory of Hawaii was formally established as part of the U.S. on June 14, 1900. The Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in 1893 in a mostly bloodless revolt against Queen Liliuokalani who rejected the constitution then in effect put there by popular force, commonly called the Bayonet Constitution. American officials immediately recognized the\",\n \"title\": \"Republic of Hawaii\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13396330\",\n \"text\": \"John Thompson (Louisiana) John Thompson (died 1810) was a registrar of lands in the Western District of the Territory of Orleans and judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans. Thompson came to Louisiana from Kentucky in 1805 and was charged with opening the Western District land office in Opelousas, Louisiana. On September 17, 1808, Thompson was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson to be a judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans in place of William Sprigg who had returned to the Ohio Supreme Court. Thompson died in February 1810 in New Orleans, and was\",\n \"title\": \"John Thompson (Louisiana)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3259048\",\n \"text\": \"instead. Murphy J. Foster Murphy James Foster (January 12, 1849June 12, 1921) was a Louisiana politician who served two terms as the 31st Governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900. Foster adopted the Louisiana Constitution of 1898, which effectively disfranchised the black majority, who comprised most of the Republicans, thus leading to Louisiana's becoming essentially a one-party (Democratic) state for several generations and excluding African Americans from the political system. Louisiana followed Mississippi (1890) and other southern states in adopting a new constitution with devices to disfranchise blacks, then a majority in the state, chiefly by making voter registration more\",\n \"title\": \"Murphy J. Foster\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3259037\",\n \"text\": \"Murphy J. Foster Murphy James Foster (January 12, 1849June 12, 1921) was a Louisiana politician who served two terms as the 31st Governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900. Foster adopted the Louisiana Constitution of 1898, which effectively disfranchised the black majority, who comprised most of the Republicans, thus leading to Louisiana's becoming essentially a one-party (Democratic) state for several generations and excluding African Americans from the political system. Louisiana followed Mississippi (1890) and other southern states in adopting a new constitution with devices to disfranchise blacks, then a majority in the state, chiefly by making voter registration more difficult.\",\n \"title\": \"Murphy J. Foster\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5401153\",\n \"text\": \"United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, and the Louisiana was readmitted to the Union. Considered the best constitution in Louisiana history it did not solve racial discrimination. For the next eight years political fighting and corruption continued in Louisiana. The reconstruction era finally came to a close in Louisiana with the trading of votes that led to the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as President. Federal troops were withdrawn on April 29, 1877, and Democrats took control of Louisiana. The Constitution of 1879 was adopted in conference July 23, and was ratified December 8, 1879 returning Louisiana\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13396331\",\n \"text\": \"succeeded by Francois Xavier Martin. John Thompson (Louisiana) John Thompson (died 1810) was a registrar of lands in the Western District of the Territory of Orleans and judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans. Thompson came to Louisiana from Kentucky in 1805 and was charged with opening the Western District land office in Opelousas, Louisiana. On September 17, 1808, Thompson was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson to be a judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans in place of William Sprigg who had returned to the Ohio Supreme Court. Thompson died in February 1810\",\n \"title\": \"John Thompson (Louisiana)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14939420\",\n \"text\": \"for groups of workers from Bremen to settle on his company's plantations. In the 1887 session of the legislature, he was one of the few who objected to the threat of military force that caused the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii to be called the \\\"Bayonet Constitution\\\". He died in Bremen on January 16, 1903. Hackfeld & Company grew to be one of the \\\"Big Five\\\" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii. During World War I, Hackfeld & Company was seized by the U.S. government Alien Property Custodian along with other assets owned by\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Isenberg\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9662249\",\n \"text\": \"KMDL KMDL (97.3 FM, \\\"97.3 The Dawg\\\") is a country music-formatted radio station in Lafayette, Louisiana. It is owned by Townsquare Media. Its studios are located on Bertrand Road in Lafayette, and its transmitter is located south of Youngsville, Louisiana. The station is an affiliate of the New Orleans Saints radio network. KMDL began broadcasting August 1, 1981 with 3,000 watts at 97.7. When KMDL signed on, it was a local Kaplan station with a marginal signal over the Lafayette market. In 1991, in an effort to better serve the market as a whole, KMDL upgraded to 40,000 watts and\",\n \"title\": \"KMDL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5401172\",\n \"text\": \"voters. However, there are two unusual provisions involving amendments not involving the entire state: Contains provisions to transition between the prior 1921 Constitution and the current 1974 version. Constitution of Louisiana The Louisiana Constitution is legally named the Constitution of the State of Louisiana and commonly called the Louisiana Constitution of 1974, and the Constitution of 1974. The constitution is the cornerstone of the law of Louisiana ensuring the rights of individuals, describing the distribution and power of state officials and local government, establishes the state and city civil service systems, creates and defines the operation of a state lottery,\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3167849\",\n \"text\": \"which will support economic growth. The property of all land and water within national territory is originally owned by the Nation, who has the right to transfer this ownership to particulars. Hence, private property is a privilege created by the Nation. Expropriations may only be made when there is a public utility cause. The State will always have the right to impose on private property constraints dictated by \\\"public interest\\\". The State will also regulate the exploitation of natural resources based on social benefits and the equal distribution of wealth. The state is also responsible for conservation and ecological considerations.\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Mexico\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13378249\",\n \"text\": \"young slave girl, Josephine Louise. When the family returned home, the slave girl's mother sued to obtain a declaration of immediate emancipation as a result of the girl being transported to a country that did not recognize the institution of slavery. The 1835 case, \\\"Marie Louise v. Marot\\\" (1836) was heard by the Louisiana state district court and appealed to the Louisiana Supreme Court. The Court held that a slave who is taken to a territory prohibitive of slavery cannot be again reduced to slavery on returning to a territory allowing of slavery. Mathews, speaking for the court, stated that\",\n \"title\": \"George Mathews (judge)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2061227\",\n \"text\": \"Valentine Dubourg, who on September 24, 1815, was appointed Bishop of Louisiana and the <nowiki>[</nowiki>East and West<nowiki>]</nowiki> Two Floridas by Pope Pius VII. He was the Bishop of the Louisiana Territory from 1815-1826. Unlike his predecessor, who set up his see in New Orleans, DuBourg chose to set up his episcopal see in St. Louis. After his resignation and transfer to lead the diocese of Montauban, France, the diocese of Louisiana was split, giving New Orleans a bishop again, and the Diocese of St. Louis was erected on July 18, 1826, by Pope Leo XII. When founded, it included the\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1400206\",\n \"text\": \"territory. They also signed a treaty with the Southern United States during the Civil War and brought troops to fight for the Confederates. The Choctaw are a Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States (Mississippi, Alabama and, to a lesser extent, Louisiana). There were about 20,000 members of this tribe when they were forced to move to Indian territory. Many of them did not survive. They are of the Muskogean linguistic group. The word Choctaw (also known as Chahta, Chato, Tchakta, and Chocktaw) is possibly a corruption of the Spanish \\\"chato\\\", meaning flattened, in allusion to the tribe's\",\n \"title\": \"Five Civilized Tribes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3259043\",\n \"text\": \"officially received 116,116 votes (57 percent) to Pharr's 87,698 ballots (43 percent). The election, however, suffered heavily from fraud which benefited Foster, and widespread violence to suppress black Republican voting. A clear accounting of the election results is probably not possible. Subsequently, as governor, Foster signed off on the new Louisiana Constitution of 1898, establishing a variety of voter registration requirements that would \\\"disenfranchise blacks, Republicans, and white Populists.\\\" (All of these categories of voters had voted overwhelmingly for John N. Pharr, and similar coalitions gained governorships and/or congressional seats in some southern states. The new constitution ensured that Louisiana\",\n \"title\": \"Murphy J. Foster\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"954384\",\n \"text\": \"of this territory through the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803, the primary settlers who came to the area were ethnic French and Spanish. During this period, Dr. Timothy Burr, a Massachusetts native who had migrated to Louisiana from Mt. Vernon, Ohio, established the community of Burr Ferry at his landing on the Sabine River. This community became known as the \\\"Gateway to Louisiana\\\" from the west. For decades this area was part of the Natchitoches, Rapides, and Sabine parishes, which were established soon after the US acquired this territory in the early nineteenth century. The timber industry was most\",\n \"title\": \"Vernon Parish, Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1686336\",\n \"text\": \"be settled until ninety-one years later when the International Court of Justice decided in favor of Honduras. The 1860 treaty also recognized that the Mosquito Kingdom, now reduced to the territory around Bluefields, would become an autonomous Miskito reserve. The municipal constitution of the reserve, signed on September 13, 1861, confirmed George Augustus Frederic II as ruler of the territory and its inhabitants, but only as hereditary chief and not king, a title that, along those of general, admiral and governor, was abolished; and that the hereditary chief would be advised by a council of 41 members elected for a\",\n \"title\": \"Mosquito Coast\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2575264\",\n \"text\": \"next step, which would take place when the territory had at least 5,000 adult males, was to organize a territorial legislature, with a popularly elected lower chamber and an upper chamber appointed by the president. The final step, which would take place when the territory had a population of at least 60,000, was to write a state constitution and elect a state government, at which time the territory would be admitted to the Union. Several candidates were put forth for governor of the new territory. William Blount (1749–1800), a Constitutional Convention delegate and former state legislator who had championed the\",\n \"title\": \"Southwest Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12482603\",\n \"text\": \"KVOL KVOL (1330 AM) is a radio station licensed to Lafayette, Louisiana, United States. It serves the Acadiana area and Lake Charles, Louisiana with the programming simulcast on KLCJ FM (104.1). KVOL was the first radio station in Lafayette when they signed on-air on May 18, 1935. It is owned and operated by Delta Media Corporation. KVOL's studios are located on Evangeline Thruway in Carencro, and its transmitter is located in west Lafayette. KVOL is an Oldies/Classic Hits formatted radio station known as \\\"The Rewind.\\\" The Rewind focuses on \\\"The Greatest Hits of All Time\\\" from 1965–1985. Feature programming also\",\n \"title\": \"KVOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9662251\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"the Dawg,\\\" a reference to USL's then-Bulldog mascot. An Ibiquity-licensed station, KMDL began broadcasting HD Radio in November 2007. Currently, KMDL does not multicast. KMDL KMDL (97.3 FM, \\\"97.3 The Dawg\\\") is a country music-formatted radio station in Lafayette, Louisiana. It is owned by Townsquare Media. Its studios are located on Bertrand Road in Lafayette, and its transmitter is located south of Youngsville, Louisiana. The station is an affiliate of the New Orleans Saints radio network. KMDL began broadcasting August 1, 1981 with 3,000 watts at 97.7. When KMDL signed on, it was a local Kaplan station with a marginal\",\n \"title\": \"KMDL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16583462\",\n \"text\": \"Marguerite-Suzanne Delord-Sarpy (1788–1863), daughter of a wealthy widow and prominent family of the town. (She was granddaughter of Pierre Antoine Foucher de Circé and older sister of Louise Delord Sarpy, who married André's younger cousin Dominique François Burthe, who had also travelled to Louisiana as part of the advance party.) The couple were married on 23 July 1803 by the hospital chaplain under a special dispensation. In the event, Louisiana was French for just three weeks (30 November–20 December 1803) as the area became an American territory on 20 December. When they had set out from France to reclaim Louisiana,\",\n \"title\": \"André Burthe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"249354\",\n \"text\": \"on March 9, 1804, when a French tricolor was raised near the river, replacing the Spanish national flag. The following day, Captain Amos Stoddard of the First U.S. Artillery marched his troops into town and had the American flag run up the fort's flagpole. The Louisiana territory was officially transferred to the United States government, represented by Meriwether Lewis. The Louisiana Territory, purchased for less than 3 cents an acre, doubled the size of the United States overnight, without a war or the loss of a single American life, and set a precedent for the purchase of territory. It opened\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17793587\",\n \"text\": \"Trust Territory (except if another citizenship was acquired at birth or later), through \\\"jus sanguinis\\\" in the case of a person born outside the Trust Territory to parents who were citizens of the Trust Territory by taking up residence in the Trust Territory before age 21, or by naturalization upon approval by the High Commissioner. Under Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, \\\"A person who is a citizen of the Trust Territory immediately prior to the effective date of this Constitution and a domiciliary of a District ratifying this Constitution is a citizen and national of the Federated States\",\n \"title\": \"Nationality law of the Federated States of Micronesia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10326279\",\n \"text\": \"the Union, and have a right to adopt such a constitution, in this respect, as may comport with the wishes of a majority of the citizens. ... The toleration of slavery is either right or wrong; and if Congress should think, with us, that it is wrong, that it is inconsistent with the principles upon which our future constitution is to be formed, your memorialists will rest satisfied that, at least, this subject will not be by them taken up until the constitutional number of the citizens of this Territory shall assume that right. When the petition was signed and\",\n \"title\": \"History of slavery in Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14887304\",\n \"text\": \"Parish, who died in 1921, and the former Mary Etta Daniel (1859-1956), a native of Mer Rouge in Morehouse Parish. Sallie Preaus was the first woman to register to vote in Union Parish with ratification in 1920 of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Preaus's maternal uncle was Charles Ruffin Tidwell (1894-1967), a former streets and parks commissioner for Monroe, Louisiana, when that city operated under the city commission form of government. In 1933, Preaus graduated from Louisiana Tech University in nearby Ruston in Lincoln Parish. In 1953, Preaus was the president of the Louisiana Tech Alumni Association.\",\n \"title\": \"Fred Preaus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16906726\",\n \"text\": \"shall have at least two tier governance with second tier as locally elected state government. When a union territory is listed in Schedule 1 of the constitution it is part of 'territory of India' but not union of states (i.e. India/ Bharat) and will be governed by the president as per of Part VIII. When the word India or Bharat or union of India is used in the constitution, it is applicable to the territories of states only. When the word 'territory of India' is used in the constitution, it is applicable to all the territories including the union territories\",\n \"title\": \"Part I of the Constitution of India\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4389435\",\n \"text\": \"Connecticut, then two years in Newport, Rhode Island, then was admitted to the bar. He moved to Vincennes, Indiana Territory, in 1804. There, he befriended William Henry Harrison, and assisted with Harrison's government of the District of Louisiana. When Harrison was replaced with James Wilkinson, Hempstead resigned and moved to St. Louis. Hempstead later served with other Governors of the Louisiana and Missouri Territory, including attorney general. In 1812, the Territory of Missouri (renamed to avoid confusion with Louisiana) became entitled to a delegate to Congress. Hempstead was elected and served a two-year term, declining re-election. He returned to private\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Hempstead\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18297706\",\n \"text\": \"with a national release two days later, on October 16. The film stars Val Winter as Livingston and Leo Zinser as Talleyrand. It also stars Julian Miester and Phyliss Massicot. Louisiana Territory (film) Louisiana Territory is a 1953 American historical drama film directed by Harry W. Smith (who also photographed the film), from an original screenplay by Jerome Brondfield. It opens with the circumstances of the sale of the Louisiana Territory by Napoleon's government and the roles of Robert Livingston and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord. However, most of the film deals with the spirit of Livingston visiting major cities of\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Territory (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8542269\",\n \"text\": \"William J. Tennyson Jr. William \\\"Bill\\\" J. Tennyson Jr. (1923–1959) was a notable American jazz musician. A Louisiana Creole, Tennyson was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and his father was born in Donaldsonville, Louisiana. After his mother died when Tennyson was aged three, he and his two younger siblings moved to live with their grandmother, Mathilda, who had formerly owned a sugar cane plantation near the Bayous of Louisiana. \\\"Bill\\\" was a major part of Jazz and the Harlem Renaissance period. He attended a university in Louisiana at age 13, was a self-taught musician and, aged 16, was one of\",\n \"title\": \"William J. Tennyson Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20886551\",\n \"text\": \"Virginia. His parents were wealthy enough to send him to William and Mary College. He graduated in 1808, at the age of 18, spent the following two years studying law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1810, he settled in St. Louis in the Louisiana Territory (renamed the Missouri Territory when Louisiana joined the Union) and set up a law practice. Acting Governor Frederick Bates appointed Wash to the position of Deputy Attorney General of the Louisiana Territory in November 1811. During the War of 1812, Wash served as a lieutenant in Alexander McNair's mounted regiment and then as\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Wash\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":84,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"85"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when is the last time the pirates won the world series"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1979"],"string":"[\n \"1979\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"329856","text":"a home run. They also won the 1971 World Series, led by the talent of Roberto Clemente, and the 1979 World Series under the slogan \"We Are Family\", led by \"Pops\" Willie Stargell. After a run of regular-season success in the early 1990s (winning three straight East Division titles), the Pirates struggled mightily over the following 20 years, with 20 consecutive losing seasons from 1993 to 2012—the longest such streak in American professional sports historybefore posting a winning record in 2013 of 94–68, qualifying them for the NL Wild Card. They advanced to the NL Division Series round, where they","title":"Pittsburgh Pirates"},{"docid":"49681","text":".301 with 33 home runs and 114 RBIs. He also stole 52 bases, which were third in the league, to become a first-time member of the 30–30 club. He won his first Gold Glove Award and Silver Slugger Award. That year, the Pirates won the National League East title for their first postseason berth since winning the 1979 World Series. However, the Cincinnati Reds, whose last post-season berth had also been in 1979 when they lost to the Pirates in that year's NLCS defeated the Pirates in the NLCS en route to winning the World Championship. In 1991, Bonds also","title":"Barry Bonds"},{"docid":"3939286","text":"Boston-area teams, following the Patriots wins in Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII. With the Patriots having won Super Bowl XXXVIII the previous February, the Red Sox winning the World Series marked the first time since 1979 that the same city had a Super Bowl and World Series winner in the same year – the last city to accomplish the feat had been Pittsburgh, when the Steelers and Pirates had won Super Bowl XIII and the World Series respectively. The city would go on to record a decade of sports success from 2001 to 2011 with seven championships in the four","title":"2004 World Series"},{"docid":"13544769","text":"Metrodome in Minnesota. (The last World Series played outdoors during the day was the final game of the 1984 series in Detroit's Tiger Stadium.) During this seven-year period, only three teams won the World Series: the Oakland Athletics from 1972 to 1974, Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and 1976, and New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. This is the only time in World Series history in which three teams have won consecutive series in succession. This period was book-ended by World Championships for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in 1971 and 1979. However, the Baltimore Orioles made three consecutive World Series appearances:","title":"World Series"},{"docid":"14856192","text":"during this period, except for 1990, were won at Three Rivers Stadium. In 1990, the Pirates returned to the postseason for the first time since winning the 1979 World Series, but lost to the Cincinnati Reds in the 1990 National League Championship Series. The 1991 Pirates won the division for the second straight year, aided by their 12–6 record against the Phillies, and won the division championship in the final meeting between the two teams. When the Phillies saw the Pirates celebrate the championship, several Phillies, including outfielder Wes Chamberlain and shortstop Dickie Thon said that they had seen it","title":"Phillies–Pirates rivalry"},{"docid":"3964291","text":"Game 7—he threw out the first pitch—and after the game made a visit to the victorious Pittsburgh clubhouse. Prior to the ceremonial first pitch, the United States Army Field Band played the National Anthem, as they had in the finales of the Orioles' two previous World Series appearances. With the exception of winning the 2013 National League Wild Card Game this is the last postseason series the Pirates have won. 1979 World Series (4–3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over Baltimore Orioles (A.L.) The Pirates wore four different uniform combinations during the series: The Orioles wore three different uniform combinations of their","title":"1979 World Series"},{"docid":"8013007","text":"1979 National League Championship Series The 1979 National League Championship Series was played between the National League West champion Cincinnati Reds and the National League East champion Pittsburgh Pirates. It was the fourth time in the 1970s that the Pirates and Reds had faced off for the pennant; Cincinnati had won all three previous meetings in 1970, 1972 and 1975. The Pirates won the series in a three-game sweep in what would be the last postseason appearance for both franchises until 1990. Both sides threw their aces in Game 1 as 14-game winner John Candelaria started for the Pirates, and","title":"1979 National League Championship Series"},{"docid":"18801351","text":"Series, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York Yankees, the 1968 Detroit Tigers, the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates, and the 1985 Kansas City Royals. The Cubs, playing in their eleventh World Series and their first since 1945, won their third championship and first since 1908, ending the longest world championship drought in North American professional sports history. It was the Indians' sixth appearance in the World Series and their first since 1997, with their last Series win having come in 1948. The two teams entered their matchup as the two franchises with the longest World Series title droughts, a","title":"2016 World Series"},{"docid":"10801652","text":"in the AFC championship game. Finally defeating the Los Angeles Rams 31-19 in Super Bowl XIV. With the win, and the Pittsburgh Pirates win in the 1979 World Series, Pittsburgh would be the last city to claim Super Bowl and World Series wins in the same year until 1986 when the New York Mets won the World Series in 7 games over the Boston Red Sox, and the New York Giants won Super Bowl XXI 39–20 over the Denver Broncos. In that game. Franco Harris became the 5th man to rush for 8,000 career rushing yards, and it was also","title":"1979 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"docid":"3964268","text":"1979 World Series The 1979 World Series was the 76th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series and the conclusion of the 1979 Major League Baseball season. A best-of-seven playoff, it was played between the National League (NL) champion Pittsburgh Pirates (98–64) and the American League (AL) champion Baltimore Orioles (102–57), with the Pirates becoming the fourth team in World Series history to come back from a three games to one deficit to win the Series in seven games. This marked the second time in the 1970s the Pirates won a World Series Game 7 on the road against Baltimore","title":"1979 World Series"},{"docid":"329861","text":"World Series, 1971 World Series and 1979 World Series. They won Eastern Division titles from 1990–1992 but did not return to the post-season after that until 2013. In 2013 the Pirates became the seventh MLB team to reach 10,000 all-time wins. On Opening Day 2015 the Pirates' loss to the Cincinnati Reds represented the team's 10,000th loss, making the Pirates the fourth MLB team to achieve this distinction, following the Philadelphia Phillies, Atlanta Braves, and Chicago Cubs. Their victory over the Colorado Rockies later in 2015 on September 24 marked the team's 10,000th win as a member of the National","title":"Pittsburgh Pirates"},{"docid":"20278765","text":"hepatitis and pneumonia were also factors in his passing. Although the 1951–55 reign of Branch Sr. as GM of the Pirates was at the time viewed as a failure, he and Branch Jr. put into place the successful Pittsburgh organization of the 1960s and 1970s. Led by the great Roberto Clemente, drafted by the Rickeys from the Dodgers, the Bucs won the 1960 World Series and the 1971 World Series. Pittsburgh contended through the rest of that decade, winning its last Series in 1979. Branch Rickey Jr. <nowiki>Wesley</nowiki> Branch Rickey Jr. (January 31, 1914 – April 10, 1961) was an","title":"Branch Rickey Jr."},{"docid":"8013018","text":"scored on an error by Cesar Geronimo, the only error committed in the entire series. Blyleven went the distance and the Pirates had completed an unexpected sweep in advancing to the 1979 World Series. 1979 NLCS (3–0): Pittsburgh Pirates over Cincinnati Reds 1979 National League Championship Series The 1979 National League Championship Series was played between the National League West champion Cincinnati Reds and the National League East champion Pittsburgh Pirates. It was the fourth time in the 1970s that the Pirates and Reds had faced off for the pennant; Cincinnati had won all three previous meetings in 1970, 1972","title":"1979 National League Championship Series"},{"docid":"14856184","text":"it looked like the lead would be cut to half a game. Instead, Phillies pitcher Randy Lerch hit two home runs to help the Phillies come from behind to win the game, 10–8, to win their third straight division title on the next-to-last day of the season. This was the first time that visiting teams won a division title at Three Rivers Stadium. In the postseason, the Phillies lost for the second year in a row to the Dodgers in the 1978 National League Championship Series. Both teams won World Series in successive years in 1979 and 1980. In 1979,","title":"Phillies–Pirates rivalry"},{"docid":"7764560","text":"Pirates participate in the inaugural series. He recruited Hall of Famers Fred Clarke and Pittsburgh native Honus Wagner and built the first concrete and steel (first \"modern\") baseball stadium, Forbes Field. Under Dreyfuss, the Pirates won pre-World Series world titles in 1901 and 1902, National League pennants from 1901–1903, 1909, 1925 and 1927 and World Series in 1909 and 1925. The 1902 squad set major league records for winning percentage and even today is the second most winning team ever fielded in the sport. The franchise won the World Series three more times—in 1960, 1971, and 1979. In 1960, the","title":"Sports in Pittsburgh"},{"docid":"14508241","text":"either the Philadelphia Phillies or the Pittsburgh Pirates. Those two teams reigned exclusively as NL East champions during that span (Pirates from 1970–1972 and won the 1971 World Series, 1974, 1975, and winning the 1979 World Series, Phillies from 1976–1978 and winning the 1980 World Series). After the Mets' 1973 pennant-winning season, the team fell out of contention. They fell below .500 for the first time in six years, and though they resumed their winning ways in 1975 and 1976, they never came close to winning the NL East. As the season ended, owner Joan Payson died, leaving the team","title":"History of the New York Mets"},{"docid":"3293040","text":"the Baltimore Orioles. Three Rivers Stadium hosted game four, in which the Pirates defeated the Orioles in the first night game in the history of the World Series. Pittsburgh hosted its third All-Star Game in 1974. The National League won the game 7–2 and the Pirates' Ken Brett was the winning pitcher. In 1979, the Pirates again won a World Championship, yet again defeating the Baltimore Orioles in a seven-game World Series. Games 3, 4 and 5 of the Series were played at Three Rivers. 15 years later, the midsummer classic returned in 1994. With 59,568 in attendance, the largest","title":"Three Rivers Stadium"},{"docid":"3529599","text":"and a half seasons, Dempsey would remain as the Orioles' starting catcher. He became known for his exceptional ability to handle pitching staffs, his strong throwing arm, and for his agility behind home plate. In 1979, the Orioles defeated the California Angels in the 1979 American League Championship Series to reach the World Series. In the 1979 World Series, the Orioles won three of the first four games against the Pittsburgh Pirates and seemed to be on the verge of winning the championship, when the Pirates, led by Willie Stargell, rebounded to win the final three games. It was one","title":"Rick Dempsey"},{"docid":"10925347","text":"Attendance: 53,739 October 17, 1979, at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. Attendance: 53,733 1979 World Series (4-3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over Baltimore Orioles (A.L.) 1979 Major League Baseball All-Star Game 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates had 98 wins and 64 losses and captured the National League East Division title by two games over the Montreal Expos. The Pirates beat the Cincinnati Reds to win their ninth National League title, and the Baltimore Orioles to win their fifth World Series title – and also their last playoff series victory to date. The disco hit \"We Are Family\" by","title":"1979 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"10925342","text":"six teams in the 20th century to have won a World Series after trailing three games to one. Two of those teams were the Pirates, in 1925 and 1979. The others were the 1903 Boston Red Sox (in a best-of-nine series), 1958 New York Yankees, 1968 Detroit Tigers, and 1985 Kansas City Royals. Five Pirates had 10 or more hits in this series, a World Series record. Chuck Tanner's mother died the morning of Game 5 (this was mentioned during the telecast by announcer Howard Cosell). 1960 World Series hero Bill Mazeroski threw out the first ball in Game 5.","title":"1979 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"6161394","text":"White Sox in , during a season in which he hit .280 in a career-high 144 games. Some of his best seasons were as a clutch-hitting, platoon player for the powerful Orioles' teams of 1977-80, including an appearance in the 1979 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Kelly made the last out of the 1979 World Series, flying out to Pirates outfielder Omar Moreno. Kelly finished his major league career when he hit .213 (16-for-75) in 48 games for the Cleveland Indians during the strike-shortened 1981 season. In a 15-season career, Kelly was a .264 hitter with 76 home runs","title":"Pat Kelly (outfielder)"},{"docid":"19066771","text":"1908 World Series. In the World Series, the Cubs came back from a three-games-to-one deficit, winning the final three games. The last time a team came back from a three-games-to-one deficit to win the World Series was the Kansas City Royals in 1985. The Cubs were also the first team to win Games 6 and 7 on the road in a World Series since the Pittsburgh Pirates had done so against the Baltimore Orioles in 1979. The World Series victory put an end to the so-called Curse of the Billy Goat and the longest World Series championship drought in history.","title":"2016 Chicago Cubs season"},{"docid":"2666405","text":"Orioles won the World Series by defeating the Cincinnati Reds (The \"Big Red Machine\") in five games. In 1971 the Orioles lost the World Series in seven games to the Pittsburgh Pirates. Pirates pitcher Steve Blass pitched a complete game and gave up four hits in the deciding seventh game, allowing the Orioles to score one run. In 1979 the Orioles again lost the World Series in seven games to the Pittsburgh Pirates. Pitchers Jim Bibby, Don Robinson, Grant Jackson, and Kent Tekulve held the Orioles to four hits and one run in the deciding seventh game. In 1982, Weaver","title":"Earl Weaver"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"329856\",\n \"text\": \"a home run. They also won the 1971 World Series, led by the talent of Roberto Clemente, and the 1979 World Series under the slogan \\\"We Are Family\\\", led by \\\"Pops\\\" Willie Stargell. After a run of regular-season success in the early 1990s (winning three straight East Division titles), the Pirates struggled mightily over the following 20 years, with 20 consecutive losing seasons from 1993 to 2012—the longest such streak in American professional sports historybefore posting a winning record in 2013 of 94–68, qualifying them for the NL Wild Card. They advanced to the NL Division Series round, where they\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Pirates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"49681\",\n \"text\": \".301 with 33 home runs and 114 RBIs. He also stole 52 bases, which were third in the league, to become a first-time member of the 30–30 club. He won his first Gold Glove Award and Silver Slugger Award. That year, the Pirates won the National League East title for their first postseason berth since winning the 1979 World Series. However, the Cincinnati Reds, whose last post-season berth had also been in 1979 when they lost to the Pirates in that year's NLCS defeated the Pirates in the NLCS en route to winning the World Championship. In 1991, Bonds also\",\n \"title\": \"Barry Bonds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3939286\",\n \"text\": \"Boston-area teams, following the Patriots wins in Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII. With the Patriots having won Super Bowl XXXVIII the previous February, the Red Sox winning the World Series marked the first time since 1979 that the same city had a Super Bowl and World Series winner in the same year – the last city to accomplish the feat had been Pittsburgh, when the Steelers and Pirates had won Super Bowl XIII and the World Series respectively. The city would go on to record a decade of sports success from 2001 to 2011 with seven championships in the four\",\n \"title\": \"2004 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13544769\",\n \"text\": \"Metrodome in Minnesota. (The last World Series played outdoors during the day was the final game of the 1984 series in Detroit's Tiger Stadium.) During this seven-year period, only three teams won the World Series: the Oakland Athletics from 1972 to 1974, Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and 1976, and New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. This is the only time in World Series history in which three teams have won consecutive series in succession. This period was book-ended by World Championships for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in 1971 and 1979. However, the Baltimore Orioles made three consecutive World Series appearances:\",\n \"title\": \"World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14856192\",\n \"text\": \"during this period, except for 1990, were won at Three Rivers Stadium. In 1990, the Pirates returned to the postseason for the first time since winning the 1979 World Series, but lost to the Cincinnati Reds in the 1990 National League Championship Series. The 1991 Pirates won the division for the second straight year, aided by their 12–6 record against the Phillies, and won the division championship in the final meeting between the two teams. When the Phillies saw the Pirates celebrate the championship, several Phillies, including outfielder Wes Chamberlain and shortstop Dickie Thon said that they had seen it\",\n \"title\": \"Phillies–Pirates rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3964291\",\n \"text\": \"Game 7—he threw out the first pitch—and after the game made a visit to the victorious Pittsburgh clubhouse. Prior to the ceremonial first pitch, the United States Army Field Band played the National Anthem, as they had in the finales of the Orioles' two previous World Series appearances. With the exception of winning the 2013 National League Wild Card Game this is the last postseason series the Pirates have won. 1979 World Series (4–3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over Baltimore Orioles (A.L.) The Pirates wore four different uniform combinations during the series: The Orioles wore three different uniform combinations of their\",\n \"title\": \"1979 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8013007\",\n \"text\": \"1979 National League Championship Series The 1979 National League Championship Series was played between the National League West champion Cincinnati Reds and the National League East champion Pittsburgh Pirates. It was the fourth time in the 1970s that the Pirates and Reds had faced off for the pennant; Cincinnati had won all three previous meetings in 1970, 1972 and 1975. The Pirates won the series in a three-game sweep in what would be the last postseason appearance for both franchises until 1990. Both sides threw their aces in Game 1 as 14-game winner John Candelaria started for the Pirates, and\",\n \"title\": \"1979 National League Championship Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18801351\",\n \"text\": \"Series, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York Yankees, the 1968 Detroit Tigers, the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates, and the 1985 Kansas City Royals. The Cubs, playing in their eleventh World Series and their first since 1945, won their third championship and first since 1908, ending the longest world championship drought in North American professional sports history. It was the Indians' sixth appearance in the World Series and their first since 1997, with their last Series win having come in 1948. The two teams entered their matchup as the two franchises with the longest World Series title droughts, a\",\n \"title\": \"2016 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10801652\",\n \"text\": \"in the AFC championship game. Finally defeating the Los Angeles Rams 31-19 in Super Bowl XIV. With the win, and the Pittsburgh Pirates win in the 1979 World Series, Pittsburgh would be the last city to claim Super Bowl and World Series wins in the same year until 1986 when the New York Mets won the World Series in 7 games over the Boston Red Sox, and the New York Giants won Super Bowl XXI 39–20 over the Denver Broncos. In that game. Franco Harris became the 5th man to rush for 8,000 career rushing yards, and it was also\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3964268\",\n \"text\": \"1979 World Series The 1979 World Series was the 76th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series and the conclusion of the 1979 Major League Baseball season. A best-of-seven playoff, it was played between the National League (NL) champion Pittsburgh Pirates (98–64) and the American League (AL) champion Baltimore Orioles (102–57), with the Pirates becoming the fourth team in World Series history to come back from a three games to one deficit to win the Series in seven games. This marked the second time in the 1970s the Pirates won a World Series Game 7 on the road against Baltimore\",\n \"title\": \"1979 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"329861\",\n \"text\": \"World Series, 1971 World Series and 1979 World Series. They won Eastern Division titles from 1990–1992 but did not return to the post-season after that until 2013. In 2013 the Pirates became the seventh MLB team to reach 10,000 all-time wins. On Opening Day 2015 the Pirates' loss to the Cincinnati Reds represented the team's 10,000th loss, making the Pirates the fourth MLB team to achieve this distinction, following the Philadelphia Phillies, Atlanta Braves, and Chicago Cubs. Their victory over the Colorado Rockies later in 2015 on September 24 marked the team's 10,000th win as a member of the National\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Pirates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20278765\",\n \"text\": \"hepatitis and pneumonia were also factors in his passing. Although the 1951–55 reign of Branch Sr. as GM of the Pirates was at the time viewed as a failure, he and Branch Jr. put into place the successful Pittsburgh organization of the 1960s and 1970s. Led by the great Roberto Clemente, drafted by the Rickeys from the Dodgers, the Bucs won the 1960 World Series and the 1971 World Series. Pittsburgh contended through the rest of that decade, winning its last Series in 1979. Branch Rickey Jr. <nowiki>Wesley</nowiki> Branch Rickey Jr. (January 31, 1914 – April 10, 1961) was an\",\n \"title\": \"Branch Rickey Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8013018\",\n \"text\": \"scored on an error by Cesar Geronimo, the only error committed in the entire series. Blyleven went the distance and the Pirates had completed an unexpected sweep in advancing to the 1979 World Series. 1979 NLCS (3–0): Pittsburgh Pirates over Cincinnati Reds 1979 National League Championship Series The 1979 National League Championship Series was played between the National League West champion Cincinnati Reds and the National League East champion Pittsburgh Pirates. It was the fourth time in the 1970s that the Pirates and Reds had faced off for the pennant; Cincinnati had won all three previous meetings in 1970, 1972\",\n \"title\": \"1979 National League Championship Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14856184\",\n \"text\": \"it looked like the lead would be cut to half a game. Instead, Phillies pitcher Randy Lerch hit two home runs to help the Phillies come from behind to win the game, 10–8, to win their third straight division title on the next-to-last day of the season. This was the first time that visiting teams won a division title at Three Rivers Stadium. In the postseason, the Phillies lost for the second year in a row to the Dodgers in the 1978 National League Championship Series. Both teams won World Series in successive years in 1979 and 1980. In 1979,\",\n \"title\": \"Phillies–Pirates rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7764560\",\n \"text\": \"Pirates participate in the inaugural series. He recruited Hall of Famers Fred Clarke and Pittsburgh native Honus Wagner and built the first concrete and steel (first \\\"modern\\\") baseball stadium, Forbes Field. Under Dreyfuss, the Pirates won pre-World Series world titles in 1901 and 1902, National League pennants from 1901–1903, 1909, 1925 and 1927 and World Series in 1909 and 1925. The 1902 squad set major league records for winning percentage and even today is the second most winning team ever fielded in the sport. The franchise won the World Series three more times—in 1960, 1971, and 1979. In 1960, the\",\n \"title\": \"Sports in Pittsburgh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14508241\",\n \"text\": \"either the Philadelphia Phillies or the Pittsburgh Pirates. Those two teams reigned exclusively as NL East champions during that span (Pirates from 1970–1972 and won the 1971 World Series, 1974, 1975, and winning the 1979 World Series, Phillies from 1976–1978 and winning the 1980 World Series). After the Mets' 1973 pennant-winning season, the team fell out of contention. They fell below .500 for the first time in six years, and though they resumed their winning ways in 1975 and 1976, they never came close to winning the NL East. As the season ended, owner Joan Payson died, leaving the team\",\n \"title\": \"History of the New York Mets\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3293040\",\n \"text\": \"the Baltimore Orioles. Three Rivers Stadium hosted game four, in which the Pirates defeated the Orioles in the first night game in the history of the World Series. Pittsburgh hosted its third All-Star Game in 1974. The National League won the game 7–2 and the Pirates' Ken Brett was the winning pitcher. In 1979, the Pirates again won a World Championship, yet again defeating the Baltimore Orioles in a seven-game World Series. Games 3, 4 and 5 of the Series were played at Three Rivers. 15 years later, the midsummer classic returned in 1994. With 59,568 in attendance, the largest\",\n \"title\": \"Three Rivers Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3529599\",\n \"text\": \"and a half seasons, Dempsey would remain as the Orioles' starting catcher. He became known for his exceptional ability to handle pitching staffs, his strong throwing arm, and for his agility behind home plate. In 1979, the Orioles defeated the California Angels in the 1979 American League Championship Series to reach the World Series. In the 1979 World Series, the Orioles won three of the first four games against the Pittsburgh Pirates and seemed to be on the verge of winning the championship, when the Pirates, led by Willie Stargell, rebounded to win the final three games. It was one\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Dempsey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10925347\",\n \"text\": \"Attendance: 53,739 October 17, 1979, at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. Attendance: 53,733 1979 World Series (4-3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over Baltimore Orioles (A.L.) 1979 Major League Baseball All-Star Game 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates had 98 wins and 64 losses and captured the National League East Division title by two games over the Montreal Expos. The Pirates beat the Cincinnati Reds to win their ninth National League title, and the Baltimore Orioles to win their fifth World Series title – and also their last playoff series victory to date. The disco hit \\\"We Are Family\\\" by\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10925342\",\n \"text\": \"six teams in the 20th century to have won a World Series after trailing three games to one. Two of those teams were the Pirates, in 1925 and 1979. The others were the 1903 Boston Red Sox (in a best-of-nine series), 1958 New York Yankees, 1968 Detroit Tigers, and 1985 Kansas City Royals. Five Pirates had 10 or more hits in this series, a World Series record. Chuck Tanner's mother died the morning of Game 5 (this was mentioned during the telecast by announcer Howard Cosell). 1960 World Series hero Bill Mazeroski threw out the first ball in Game 5.\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6161394\",\n \"text\": \"White Sox in , during a season in which he hit .280 in a career-high 144 games. Some of his best seasons were as a clutch-hitting, platoon player for the powerful Orioles' teams of 1977-80, including an appearance in the 1979 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Kelly made the last out of the 1979 World Series, flying out to Pirates outfielder Omar Moreno. Kelly finished his major league career when he hit .213 (16-for-75) in 48 games for the Cleveland Indians during the strike-shortened 1981 season. In a 15-season career, Kelly was a .264 hitter with 76 home runs\",\n \"title\": \"Pat Kelly (outfielder)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19066771\",\n \"text\": \"1908 World Series. In the World Series, the Cubs came back from a three-games-to-one deficit, winning the final three games. The last time a team came back from a three-games-to-one deficit to win the World Series was the Kansas City Royals in 1985. The Cubs were also the first team to win Games 6 and 7 on the road in a World Series since the Pittsburgh Pirates had done so against the Baltimore Orioles in 1979. The World Series victory put an end to the so-called Curse of the Billy Goat and the longest World Series championship drought in history.\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Chicago Cubs season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2666405\",\n \"text\": \"Orioles won the World Series by defeating the Cincinnati Reds (The \\\"Big Red Machine\\\") in five games. In 1971 the Orioles lost the World Series in seven games to the Pittsburgh Pirates. Pirates pitcher Steve Blass pitched a complete game and gave up four hits in the deciding seventh game, allowing the Orioles to score one run. In 1979 the Orioles again lost the World Series in seven games to the Pittsburgh Pirates. Pitchers Jim Bibby, Don Robinson, Grant Jackson, and Kent Tekulve held the Orioles to four hits and one run in the deciding seventh game. In 1982, Weaver\",\n \"title\": \"Earl Weaver\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3504338","text":"and gala on December 15, 2010. The telecast was also released on DVD by A&E Home Video. 1960 World Series (4–3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.) This would prove to be Casey Stengel's last World Series, as the Yankee club soon sent him into retirement. This led to his famous remark, \"I'll never make the mistake of turning 70 again.\" Mazeroski and Clemente were the last two remaining Pirate players from the 1960 World Series winners along with manager Danny Murtaugh, when the Pirates won the World Series in 1971. To date, this is the last championship","title":"1960 World Series"},{"docid":"14856174","text":"batting prowess of Gavvy Cravath, who set the major-league single-season record for home runs with 24. During that time, the Pirates dominated the National League, winning three more pennants, in 1902, 1903, when they lost the inaugural World Series, and when they won their first World Series, in , becoming the first team to open a new stadium with a World Series championship, having played their first season at Forbes Field that year. The Phillies were in the midst of a period of futility from 1918 to 1948 when the Pirates won the 1925 World Series and the 1927 National","title":"Phillies–Pirates rivalry"},{"docid":"5325748","text":"his first World Series appearances. The 1981 World Series marked the last chapter of the Dodgers-Yankees trilogy of that era, this one won by the Dodgers. Reuschel was ineffective in that Series, and it appeared his career might be finished. He returned to the Cubs and was on the roster in 1984 when they won the National League Eastern Division and made the playoffs, but, somewhat controversially, he was not named to the playoff roster. Reuschel was signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1985 as a free agent, and had a 14-8 won-loss record with the last-place Pirates, earning him","title":"Rick Reuschel"},{"docid":"14856176","text":"National League pennant, though they lost to the New York Yankees in the 1950 World Series. In 1960, the Phillies were in last place when the Pirates won the World Series. It was during the 1970s that the rivalry became intense. The Phillies and the Pirates made up 10 of the possible 22 National League Championship Series appearances from 1970 to 1980. However, neither team enjoyed success during LCS appearances. The Phillies went 1–3 and the Pirates went 2–4 in NLCS appearances. In most cases, the teams had to face \"The Big Red Machine\" of the Cincinnati Reds in the","title":"Phillies–Pirates rivalry"},{"docid":"2459965","text":"team total over the seven games. In the fourth inning of Game 1, with Don Hoak on base, Mazeroski hit a shot off Jim Coates that went over the left field scoreboard and provided the edge in a 6–4 Pirates victory. Mazeroski and Roberto Clemente were the last remaining Pirate players from the 1960 World Series winners, when the Pirates won the World Series in 1971 and lost the NL championship series in 1972. Mazeroski was a member of ex-teammate Bill Virdon's coaching staff with the Pirates in , a year after retiring from playing. Mazeroski was elected into the","title":"Bill Mazeroski"},{"docid":"4342438","text":"1909 World Series In the 1909 World Series featured the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Detroit Tigers. The Pirates won the Series in seven games to capture their first championship of the modern Major League Baseball era and the second championship in the club's history. This Series is best remembered for the amazing play by the two best players at the time, Honus Wagner of the Pittsburgh Pirates, and Ty Cobb of the Detroit Tigers. The Pirates had won the pennant in 1909 behind the brilliant play of Honus Wagner, who led the league with a .339 batting average and 100","title":"1909 World Series"},{"docid":"12903136","text":"the game 34-31. The Tar Heels lead the all-time series, 8-2-1. The Pirates face the 2007 Conference USA champion UCF Knights in Greenville, NC. Last year, the Pirates beat the Knights in Orlando, FL 13-10 in overtime and lead the all-time series 7-1. The Pirates head back to West Virginia to face the Thundering Herd of Marshall. The Pirates won last year 19-16 in Greenville, NC after one overtime and lead the all-time series 7-3. In 2007, the Herd spoiled the Pirates' hopes in Huntington for a spot in the Conference USA championship. The Pirates face the Mustangs of Southern","title":"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"12903137","text":"Methodist in Dallas, TX. The last time the two schools played was in Greenville, NC in 2006, where the Pirates won 38-21. East Carolina has won both games played in this series. The Pirates face the 2008 Texas Bowl Champion Rice Owls at home. The two teams are tied in the series 1-1 after the Owls spoiled the Pirates' hopes to clinch the Conference USA East Division and participate in the Conference USA Football Championship in 2006. The Pirates travel to Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, TN to face the Tigers of Memphis. The Pirates won last year in","title":"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"14856187","text":"the Phillies received their World Series rings, the team in the visitors' dugout was the Pirates. The Phillies won the game 5–1, giving Phillies starter Steve Carlton his 250th career victory. In 1982, when Willie Stargell played his final season, both the Phillies and Pirates declared \"Willie Stargell Day\" in honor of Stargell's last games. The Pirates honored him on September 6 before they won a game against the New York Mets, while the Phillies honored him during a game against the Pirates on September 19, Stargell's final game in Philadelphia. Both teams finished first and second in the standings","title":"Phillies–Pirates rivalry"},{"docid":"12903139","text":"Tulsa leads the all-time series 5-3. The Pirates faced the UAB Blazers at home in Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium. In 2008 the Pirates defeated the Blazers in Birmingham, AL for the first time in this series' history. The two schools are tied in the all-time series 4-4. The Pirates will be hosting the rival Golden Eagles of Southern Miss. Of the 34 games played in this series, the Pirates have only won 8. Last year, the Golden Eagles beat the Pirates 21-3 in Hattiesburg, MS. 2009 East Carolina Pirates football team The 2009 East Carolina Pirates football team represented East Carolina University","title":"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"8019530","text":"scored on a Roberto Clemente RBI single. Jerry Johnson relieved Perry and after intentionally walking Willie Stargell, Al Oliver's three-run home run made it 9–5 Pirates. Meanwhile, Bruce Kison and Dave Giusti pitched the last seven innings of shutout baseball to close out the series. 1971 NLCS (3–1): Pittsburgh Pirates over San Francisco Giants 1971 National League Championship Series The 1971 National League Championship Series was a best-of-five series that pitted the East Division champion Pittsburgh Pirates against the West Division champion San Francisco Giants. The Pirates won the Series three games to one and won the 1971 World Series","title":"1971 National League Championship Series"},{"docid":"4342446","text":"Pittsburgh would meet in a postseason game again until Game 1 of the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals between the Detroit Red Wings and Pittsburgh Penguins. 1909 World Series (4–3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over Detroit Tigers (A.L.) 1909 World Series In the 1909 World Series featured the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Detroit Tigers. The Pirates won the Series in seven games to capture their first championship of the modern Major League Baseball era and the second championship in the club's history. This Series is best remembered for the amazing play by the two best players at the time, Honus Wagner of","title":"1909 World Series"},{"docid":"11070075","text":"the Series. 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 22nd year the Pittsburgh Pirates played in Major League Baseball. The club finish their season as National League champions, beating the second-place New York Giants by 6½ games. They went on to participate in the 1903 World Series, the first to be played between the champions of the National League and American League. The Pirates started off well, winning 3 of the first four games, but the Boston Americans won the last four straight to win the series five games to three. The Pirates set a record","title":"1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"4484271","text":"third full season as manager, Murtaugh guided the Bucs to the first of the two World Series championships they would win under his command, when they stunned the heavy-hitting New York Yankees in the 1960 World Series—won in Pittsburgh's last at bat by Bill Mazeroski's walk-off home run in the ninth inning of Game 7. The Yankees outscored Pittsburgh 55–27, and administered three thrashings (16–3, 10–0 and 12–0), but the resilient Pirates took the other four contests by a total run differential of only +7 (6–4, 3–2, 5–2 and 10–9). From 1961–64, his Pirates had only one over-.500 season and,","title":"Danny Murtaugh"},{"docid":"3528876","text":"teams to go from last place to first place from one year to the next. The two teams met in the 1991 World Series, which the Twins won in seven games. It was the second World Series in which the home team won every game. The first was in 1987 when the Twins defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. In 1992, Cox's Braves held a 3–1 lead in the National League Championship Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates before losing games 5 and 6, although they did win Game 7 on Francisco Cabrera's ninth-inning, two-out, pinch-hit, two-run single. They","title":"Bobby Cox"},{"docid":"4496642","text":"Sam Leever Samuel Leever (December 23, 1871 – May 19, 1953), nicknamed \"The Goshen Schoolmaster\", was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He spent his entire career with the Pittsburgh Pirates. Born in Goshen, Ohio, Leever came into baseball after an earlier career as a schoolteacher. He won 25 games in 1903 to help the Pirates win their third consecutive National League pennant, but lost both his starts in the World Series as the heavily favored Pirates were upset by Boston. He later went 8–1 for the 1909 Pirates, when they won their first World Series title. His","title":"Sam Leever"},{"docid":"11070065","text":"1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 22nd year the Pittsburgh Pirates played in Major League Baseball. The club finish their season as National League champions, beating the second-place New York Giants by 6½ games. They went on to participate in the 1903 World Series, the first to be played between the champions of the National League and American League. The Pirates started off well, winning 3 of the first four games, but the Boston Americans won the last four straight to win the series five games to three. The Pirates set a record of 52","title":"1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"10922932","text":"1972 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1972 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 91st season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 86th in the National League. The defending World Series champion Pirates finished first in the National League East with a record of 96–59. The team was defeated three games to two by the Cincinnati Reds in the 1972 National League Championship Series. Despite losing the series, the Pirates put up a good fight, unlike the last time the two teams met in the playoffs. In game 5, the Pirates led 3-2 in the 9th inning, and were 3 outs away from","title":"1972 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"22896","text":"memorable playoff races. The \"Worst to First\" Braves, who had not won a divisional title since 1982, captivated the city of Atlanta (and the entire southeast) during their improbable run to the flag. They defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in a very tightly contested seven-game NLCS only to lose the World Series, also in seven games, to the Minnesota Twins. The series, considered by many to be one of the greatest ever, was the first time a team that had finished last in its division one year went to the World Series the next; both the Twins and Braves accomplished the","title":"Atlanta Braves"},{"docid":"4933741","text":"in-state rivals, during their run of three straight NL East championships, from 1976–1978 (in fact, the Pirates won the 1991 NL East title in a game against their rivals). and were expected to win this Series and advance to the World Series. However, the Braves, who went from last place in the National League West in 1990 to first place in the division in 1991, were able to pull off the upset in their memorable run to the World Series versus the Minnesota Twins. Wednesday, October 9, 1991 (8:41PM EDT) at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh The Pirates proved they","title":"1991 National League Championship Series"},{"docid":"4169515","text":"their division every season from 1991 through 2005, have not won a World Series game since Game 2 of this series. Over the course of the 1996 World Series, the Braves hit .315 during the first six innings and .176 afterward. Atlanta had more hits, runs, homers, and a lower team ERA during the course of the series, but still lost, much like the 1960 Yankees' performance against the Pittsburgh Pirates. This is the first World Series to feature the series logo on the side of each team's hats. This was also the last of four consecutive World Series (1992–1996)","title":"1996 World Series"},{"docid":"4171882","text":"in last place, the Mets got healthy and hot in September, ultimately winning the division with a mere 82 victories, marking the only time between 1970 and 1980 that neither their rival Philadelphia Phillies, nor the Pittsburgh Pirates, won the division. The final standings: At 82–79, the 1973 New York Mets had the worst record of any team ever to play in a World Series. They had only the ninth-best record in the 24-team major leagues, behind the Oakland A's, the Cincinnati Reds (who they beat in the National League Championship Series), the Baltimore Orioles (who were defeated by Oakland","title":"1973 World Series"},{"docid":"3504306","text":"runs. The Yankees won three blowout games (16–3, 10–0, and 12–0), while the Pirates won four close games (6–4, 3–2, 5–2, and 10–9) to win the series. The Series MVP was Bobby Richardson of the Yankees, the only time in history that that award has been given to a member of the losing team. This World Series featured seven past, present, or future league Most Valuable Players. The Pirates had two – Dick Groat (1960) and Roberto Clemente (1966) – while the Yankees had five: Yogi Berra (1951, 1954, 1955), Bobby Shantz (1952), Mickey Mantle (1956, 1957, 1962), Roger Maris","title":"1960 World Series"},{"docid":"3572951","text":"pitcher that year. His finest moments were in the postseason that year when he pitched two complete game victories against the Washington Senators as the Pirates won the World Series. He won Game 2 of the series 3–2 on October 8, and Game 5 by a score of 6–3, the first two Pirates wins of the Series. Aldridge used the money from the World Series to buy a home in Terre Haute, Indiana. Aldridge also started the seventh game on October 15. It had been raining for a week in Pittsburgh, and the sixth game had been rainy. The weather","title":"Vic Aldridge"},{"docid":"7248666","text":"and played on the baseball team. Neagle was drafted in the 3rd round of the amateur draft by the Minnesota Twins. He saw some action in the summer of for the Twins, but was not on their postseason roster when the club won the 1991 World Series. Neagle was dealt to the Pittsburgh Pirates during spring training in , and became a full-time starter for the Pirates in . The following season, Neagle posted a 13-8 record with a 3.43 ERA and became the ace of a mediocre Pittsburgh staff. That year, Neagle represented the Pirates at the All-Star Game.","title":"Denny Neagle"},{"docid":"3504339","text":"in any of the four major sports to be won in Pittsburgh by the home team, as the Pirates' two subsequent World Series championships were clinched in Baltimore, while the Pittsburgh Penguins have won all five of their Stanley Cup championships on the road and the Pittsburgh Steelers have won all of their Super Bowl championships at neutral sites. 1960 World Series The 1960 World Series was played between the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League (NL) and the New York Yankees of the American League (AL) from October 5 to 13, 1960. It is most notable for the Game","title":"1960 World Series"},{"docid":"8998715","text":"extra base hits, finished second with 39 home runs, and won the AL MVP Award. The 1960 Yankees won the AL pennant for the 10th time in 12 years under Stengel, and outscored the Pirates 55–27 in the seven World Series games. However, the team lost four of them, falling short of a Series championship after Bill Mazeroski hit a walk-off home run in the final game, ending a contest that Appel called \"one of the most memorable in baseball history.\" The season turned out to be Stengel's last as Yankees manager; he indicated that his age played a role","title":"History of the New York Yankees"},{"docid":"11793989","text":"was tied at the last second, 24-24. The Pirates came up with nothing after the first offensive series in Overtime, as Quarterback Patrick Pinkney was sacked and fumbled the ball, setting up a Wolfpack touchdown that gave the Pirates their first loss of the 2008 season, the final score: 30-24. The next time the two schools meet was pushed back to the 2010 season, to accommodate the completion of East Carolina's upcoming stadium expansion. Recap: Week 5 <nowiki>#23</nowiki> East Carolina hosted Houston for their conference home opener at Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium. ECU won in a shootout last fall, 37-35. The Pirates","title":"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"10632446","text":"Division title in three years. Wagner replaced long-time GM Bob Howsam, who retired after running the Reds for 12 years. Through some good drafts and several key trades, Howsam built a team that won six division titles, and played in four World Series, winning two, during the 1970s. However, the Reds lost the National League Championship Series to the eventual World Series champion Pittsburgh Pirates in three straight games. It was the first time in four tries the Pirates had upended the Reds in a divisional playoff series since Major League Baseball went to divisions in 1969. The Reds played","title":"1979 Cincinnati Reds season"},{"docid":"3997637","text":"the sixth on a three-run homer by Julián Javier off the arm-weary Lonborg. With the 7–2 defeat, Boston's \"Impossible Dream\" ended one game too soon and the St. Louis Cardinals were World Series Champions for the second time in the 1960s, and eighth overall. Only once before had a seventh game of a Series brought together starting pitchers who both had 2–0 won-lost records in that Series. It happened in 1925, when the Washington Senators' Walter Johnson pitched against the Pittsburgh Pirates' Vic Aldridge. 1967 World Series (4–3): St. Louis Cardinals (N.L.) over Boston Red Sox (A.L.) Gussie Busch, chief","title":"1967 World Series"},{"docid":"2389574","text":"1975 World Series The 1975 World Series of Major League Baseball was played between the Boston Red Sox (AL) and Cincinnati Reds (NL). In 2003, it was ranked by ESPN as the second-greatest World Series ever played. Cincinnati won the series in seven games. The Cincinnati Reds won the National League West division by 20 games over the Los Angeles Dodgers then defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates, three games to none, in the National League Championship Series. The Boston Red Sox won the American League East division by 4½ games over the Baltimore Orioles then defeated the three-time defending World Series","title":"1975 World Series"},{"docid":"3964271","text":"Pirates were the last team to win Game 7 of a World Series on the road until the San Francisco Giants defeated the Royals in Kansas City to win Game 7 of the Series. They were also the last road team to win Game 7 of a championship round, in any major league sport, until the Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Detroit Red Wings 2–1 at Joe Louis Arena to win the 2009 Stanley Cup Finals. With the Steelers having already won Super Bowl XIII, Pittsburgh also became the second city to win both the Super Bowl and the World Series","title":"1979 World Series"},{"docid":"3735043","text":"played in four American League Championship Series, his teams never reached the World Series. The Pirates won the World Series the season after Patek left the Pirates (), and the Royals lost the World Series the season after Patek left the Royals (). Baseball analyst Bill James has ranked Patek, a member of the Kansas City Royals Hall of Fame, the 14th best player in Royals' history. Patek briefly served as a part-time baseball analyst for NBC after his retirement. On July 21, 1992, Patek's daughter Kimberlie was paralyzed from the neck down in a car accident. Community fund raisers","title":"Freddie Patek"},{"docid":"5552465","text":"season, and Virdon interviewed to become the Pirates' next manager. However, the Pirates re-hired Murtaugh, and Virdon remained on Murtaugh's coaching staff. Virdon coached the Pirates as they won the 1971 World Series. Due to health problems, Murtaugh retired after the 1971 season, and Virdon was named as his successor. As a manager, Virdon led the Pirates to the 1972 NL East division title, but the Pirates lost the 1972 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to the Cincinnati Reds when Pittsburgh pitcher Bob Moose unleashed a wild pitch in the final inning of Game 5, allowing the winning run to","title":"Bill Virdon"},{"docid":"5246707","text":"one inning. Pagán appeared in two World Series in his career; first at the age of 27 with the Giants, when he was on the losing side of the 1962 against the New York Yankees. Despite the loss, he hit .368 with a home run in the seven-game series. With the Pirates in 1971, after losing the NLCS in 1970, he won his only world series and became a hero of the deciding game. In game seven of the World Series between the Pirates and the Baltimore Orioles, Pagán hit a double in the top of the eighth inning which","title":"José Pagán"},{"docid":"10180691","text":"Pittsburgh lineup in the late 1960s, and the Pirates returned to prominence in 1970. Murtaugh returned as manager and the Pirates' home field, Forbes Field, was demolished in favor of the multi-purpose Three Rivers Stadium. In 1970, the Pirates won their first of five National League East division titles over the next seven years, and won their fourth World Series in 1971 behind a .414 Series batting average by Clemente. They also thought they had a genuine superstar pitcher (historically rare for the Pirates) in Steve Blass, who pitched two masterful games in the World Series against Baltimore and had","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Pirates"},{"docid":"14856199","text":"the Braves, but lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in the World Series on the famous walk-off home run by Joe Carter. The two teams met 18 times during a season for the last time in 1992. The following year, the number of meetings was reduced to 13, as the National League expanded to include the Florida Marlins. The rivalry came to an end when MLB realigned for in the form of three divisions in each league, and the addition of an expanded playoff format. When agreeing on the realignment, the Pirates switched to the newly created Central Division and","title":"Phillies–Pirates rivalry"},{"docid":"11062939","text":"at Yankee Stadium in New York City 1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season was a season in American baseball. That year, the Pirates won the National League pennant, which was their second in three years and their last until 1960. The team included five future Hall of Famers: Paul Waner, Lloyd Waner, Pie Traynor, Kiki Cuyler, and 20-year-old rookie Joe Cronin (who played just 12 games). In the World Series, however, Pittsburgh was no match for the New York Yankees. They were swept in four games. Paul Waner had one of his best seasons en route to","title":"1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"11062936","text":"1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season was a season in American baseball. That year, the Pirates won the National League pennant, which was their second in three years and their last until 1960. The team included five future Hall of Famers: Paul Waner, Lloyd Waner, Pie Traynor, Kiki Cuyler, and 20-year-old rookie Joe Cronin (who played just 12 games). In the World Series, however, Pittsburgh was no match for the New York Yankees. They were swept in four games. Paul Waner had one of his best seasons en route to being voted NL MVP. His .380 batting","title":"1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"3504321","text":"bay until the seventh, when he was replaced by Face. In the ninth, the Pirates added an insurance run off Ryne Duren when Hoak singled in Joe Christopher (pinch runner for Smoky Burgess, who had singled and taken second on an error), who had moved to third on a wild pitch. Face shut down the pinstripers in the bottom half of the frame to give the Pirates a 5–2 victory and a 3–2 edge in the Series. For the sixth contest in Pittsburgh, the Yankees started Whitey Ford against the Pirates' Bob Friend. And as was the case the last","title":"1960 World Series"},{"docid":"14856177","text":"NLCS. In each of the years the two teams won a pennant, they won a World Series (Pirates in and and Phillies in ). From 1970 to 1980, the two teams reigned exclusively as National League East champions, except in 1973, when the New York Mets won the National League pennant. The Phillies success under manager Danny Ozark was attributed to a well-rounded lineup with Greg Luzinski and Mike Schmidt leading the team in homers, Steve Carlton and Tug McGraw leading the pitching, and Larry Bowa and Garry Maddox being the secretaries of Philadelphia's defense. The Pirates, under managers Danny","title":"Phillies–Pirates rivalry"},{"docid":"11009396","text":"In Game 5, Pirates' rookie Babe Adams threw his second complete game victory, an 8–4 win. Sam Crawford hit a home run and a double, but Fred Clarke's three run home run gave the win to Pittsburgh. In Game 6, George Mullin led the Tigers to a 5–4 win. The World Series would go to a seventh game for the first time. In Game 7, the Pirates won, 8–0, as Babe Adams got his third complete game victory of the 1909 World Series. Adams was the only rookie pitcher in the 20th century to win a World Series Game 7.","title":"1909 Detroit Tigers season"},{"docid":"2505848","text":"season. This marked the only time between 1970 and 1980 that the National League East wasn't won by either the Philadelphia Phillies or the Pirates. McGraw continued his dominant pitching into the post-season when he pitched five innings over two games in the 1973 National League Championship Series against the Cincinnati Reds without giving up a run, and appeared in five of the seven games of the 1973 World Series against the Oakland Athletics. Though he blew the save in game two of the World Series, he pitched three shutout innings in extra innings to earn the win. On December","title":"Tug McGraw"},{"docid":"8550122","text":"and a left-handed line drive hitter who rarely swung at a bad pitch, but also was reputedly the slowest runner in the majors for much of his career. At age 21, May was a member of the Pirates team that won the 1971 World Series. In the seventh inning of Game Four of that series, his pinch-hit single drove in Bob Robertson with the winning run in a 4–3 Pirates victory. Tragedy struck the Pirates in late 1972, when outfielder Roberto Clemente died in a plane crash. May was slated to replace Clemente in the Pirates' lineup in 1973, with","title":"Milt May"},{"docid":"9987291","text":"race last season was because their tonsils were not so good. And if they're right, the boys point out, they should be one of the healthiest teams in the land this year.\" Returning to baseball \"sans\" tonsils, Meine had the best year of his career in 1931. Having never won more than seven games in a season for the Pirates, Meine compiled a 19–13 record for the 1931 Pirates. In his first two games against the 1931 St. Louis Cardinals, he pitched shutouts against the group that went on to win 101 games and the 1931 World Series. He won","title":"Heine Meine"},{"docid":"9842330","text":"had a career-high 48 runs batted in, as the Pirates once again won the National League championship. However, they faced the powerful New York Yankees led by Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig in the 1927 World Series and were defeated in four straight games. In 1928, the Pirates acquired future Baseball Hall of Fame inductee, Burleigh Grimes, who was the last pitcher allowed to throw the spitball in the major leagues. Pirates manager, Donie Bush chose Gooch to be Grimes' personal catcher, due to his previous experience at catching the tricky spitball. After spending six and a half years with","title":"Johnny Gooch"},{"docid":"41962","text":"1903 World Series The 1903 World Series was the first modern World Series to be played in Major League Baseball. It matched the American League (AL) champion Boston Americans against the National League (NL) champion Pittsburgh Pirates in a best-of-nine series, with Boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four. Pittsburgh pitcher Sam Leever injured his shoulder while trap-shooting, so his teammate Deacon Phillippe pitched five complete games. Phillippe won three of his games, but it was not enough to overcome the club from the new American League. Boston pitchers Bill Dinneen and Cy Young led Boston to","title":"1903 World Series"},{"docid":"7464292","text":"later, the Pittsburgh Pirates convinced Abbaticchio to join them for their 1907 season. He then stayed with Pirates until the 1910 season, when he joined the Boston Doves. During his time in Pittsburgh, Ed played on the Pirates' 1909 World Series team. However, in the World Series he struck out in his only at-bat, as a pinch hitter. However, the season prior, on October 4, Ed hit a ball into the stands in game against the Chicago Cubs, which was called foul by umpire Hank O'Day, who also ruled on the infamous Merkle's Boner. The Pirates protested the call which","title":"Ed Abbaticchio"},{"docid":"12509695","text":"exchange for future starting shortstop Ronny Cedeño and four Minor League players. After the game, the Pirates traded three-time All-Star second baseman Freddy Sanchez to the Giants for minor league pitcher Tim Alderson. On July 31, the Pirates returned home for a four-game series against the Nationals which stretched into August. Though they won the games on both July 31 and August 1, the Pirates lost the next two games to split the series 2–2. This started an eight-game losing streak, against the Nationals, the Diamondbacks, and the Cardinals, which ended August 11 when the Pirates defeated the Rockies in","title":"2009 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"12903138","text":"Greenville, NC 30-10 and lead the all-time series 11-6. For the first time since 2000, the 2009 Orange Bowl Champion Hokies make the trip to Greenville, NC. Last year, the Hokies and Pirates squared off in Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, NC, with the Pirates winning 27-22 after a Pontiac Game Changing Performance nominated blocked punt was returned by T.J. Lee. The Hokies lead the all time series 9-5. In a rematch of the 2008 Conference USA Football Championship, the Pirates travel to Tulsa, OK to face the Golden Hurricane. Last year, the Pirates defeated the Golden Hurricane 27-24.","title":"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"2547680","text":"decision that angered Ford. The Yankees' ace won both his starts in Games Three and Six with complete-game shutouts, but was then unavailable to relieve in the last game of a Yankees loss, the Pirates winning the game—and the Series with it—on Bill Mazeroski's walk-off home run in the bottom of the ninth. Ford always felt that had he been able to appear in three of the games instead of just two, the Yankees would have won. For his career, Ford had 10 World Series victories, more than any other pitcher. Ford also leads all starters in World Series losses","title":"Whitey Ford"},{"docid":"4171953","text":"franchise since the days of Connie Mack when the team was in Philadelphia and had won in 1930. The victory ensured manager Dick Williams' return for another year. It was the Athletics' sixth World Series title, and the first of three consecutive titles. This was the last time to date that an American League team had won a World Series Game 7 on the road until , when the Houston Astros did so in Los Angeles. 1972 World Series (4–3): Oakland A's (A.L.) over Cincinnati Reds (N.L.) 1972 World Series The 1972 World Series matched the American League champion Oakland","title":"1972 World Series"},{"docid":"7210746","text":"games. It was only the fifth time in 40 years that the Series featured two teams that had both remained in the same city since the formation of the AL in 1901, the last time being the 2004 World Series between St. Louis and the Boston Red Sox. The last three prior to 2004 were in (Boston–Cincinnati), 1968 (Detroit–St. Louis) and (Boston–St. Louis). The Cardinals, who moved into Busch Stadium in April, became the fourth team to win the Series in their home stadium's debut season, joining the Pittsburgh Pirates (Forbes Field), Boston Red Sox (Fenway Park) and New York","title":"2006 World Series"},{"docid":"9760195","text":"Pirates I were National Champions and were runners up in 2006. In 2005 Croydon Pirates II were Premier Division Champions, extraordinarily winning 9 of their last 10 games to win the title. In 2007 Croydon Pirates I again won the National League, earning the right to compete in the Final 4 tournament on the weekend of 1–2 September 2007, along with The London Mets, Menwith Hill Patriots and Liverpool Trojans. Croydon and the Mets won their semi-finals to advanced to the final, where the Pirates were defeated 2–0 in a best of 3 series. In 2008, Croydon Pirates III won","title":"South London Pirates"},{"docid":"4342335","text":"the Mets did not reach the postseason until after they moved to Shea Stadium. Game 4 was the last World Series and playoff game at Cleveland Stadium; the Indians did not return to the World Series or playoffs until , a year after Jacobs Field opened. The Indians, by winning the American League pennant, kept the Yankees from having a chance to win their sixth straight series. The last time the Yankees had not won the series or pennant beforehand was 1948, when, again, the Indians kept them out (although that year, they won the Series). It was also the","title":"1954 World Series"},{"docid":"6380315","text":"President of NBC West Coast, supposedly called the event \"one of the most exciting baseball moments he had ever seen,\" albeit regretting the time of day it took place. Game 7 was the last postseason game for the Pirates until 2013, when the team faced and defeated the Cincinnati Reds in the National League Wild Card Game. The Pirates also went twenty years without a winning season after 1992. Game 7 was the last Pirates game for Bonds and Drabek who left via free agency, signing with the Giants and Astros, respectively. Until 2008, the Braves were the last team","title":"1992 National League Championship Series"},{"docid":"10464377","text":"blocked punt 27-22. Virginia Tech leads the series 15-7. The Pirates have played West Virginia 21 times since 1970. From 2002 to 2009, the Pirates and the Mountaineers met annually. The first time the two teams met was in Greenville in 1970, where West Virginia won 28-14 and would continue to win the next few series until 1995, when East Carolina recorded its first win over the Mountaineers in Greenville, 23-20. East Carolina has never beaten West Virginia in Morgantown. The two teams agreed to extend the series in 2013, after a three-year break. West Virginia leads the series 18-3.","title":"East Carolina Pirates football"},{"docid":"12163500","text":"by Johnny Kling. Evers walked, Frank Schulte followed with an RBI double to give the Cubs the lead, and Frank Chance followed with a two-run double. From there, Chicago cruised to a 4–2 victory, becoming champions of the NL for the third straight year. The Cubs went on to win the 1908 World Series, beating the Detroit Tigers four games to one. This was the Cubs' last world championship for more than a century: the next came in the 2016 World Series. The Pirates won the 1909 World Series, also against the Tigers. The Giants then returned to the World","title":"Merkle's Boner"},{"docid":"17769729","text":"football season. The Gamecocks hold a 12-5 all-time series record against the Pirates. South Carolina won the most recent matchup in 2012 by a score of 48-10. It was the first career start for then-backup QB Dylan Thompson, who threw for 330 yards with 3 touchdowns and no interceptions in the victory. The SEC East rival Georgia Bulldogs visit South Carolina on September 13, 2014 to conclude the Gamecocks three-game homestand. Georgia leads the all-time series 48-17-2; however, the Gamecocks have won three of the last four matchups, including a dominating 35-7 victory in the last meeting at Williams-Brice Stadium.","title":"2014 South Carolina Gamecocks football team"},{"docid":"6449606","text":"trip to the World Series. Excellent at throwing out potential base stealers, he won a Gold Glove award in 1987. For his career, he threw out 36.8% of potential base stealers. In spring training of the 1987 season, LaValliere was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates alongside Andy Van Slyke and Mike Dunne in exchange for fellow catcher Tony Peña. LaValliere and Van Slyke later became stalwarts on the hugely successful Pirates teams of the early 1990s, when Pittsburgh went to three consecutive National League Championship Series from 1990 to 1992. Unfortunately for the Pirates, they lost in all three of","title":"Mike LaValliere"},{"docid":"11793992","text":"previous games played between these teams, the Pirates led the Tigers 10-6. Recap: Week 10 East Carolina traveled to the Bright House Networks Stadium in Orlando for the third time in this series. The Pirates led the series six games to one. Recap: Week 11 The Thundering Herd traveled to North Carolina for the fifth time in this storied series. After the 1970 contest, Marshall's plane crashed while traveling back to Huntington. The 2001 GMAC Bowl is the highest-scoring bowl game in Division I-A (now Division I FBS) history. Marshall won 64-61 in two overtimes. The Pirates led the series","title":"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"12914253","text":"Amenities include the Pirate Club fundraising and hospitality suite and a private suite for the LeClair family. The stadium is home to the 2007 ECU Invitational and Keith LeClair Classic In 1961, the ECU Pirates won the NAIA Baseball World Series championship to claim East Carolina's first national championship in baseball. The East Carolina Pirates won 13-7 over the Sacramento State Hornets. Since then, the Pirates have yet to make it to a national championship. East Carolina Pirates baseball The East Carolina Pirates baseball team is an intercollegiate baseball team representing East Carolina University in NCAA Division I college baseball","title":"East Carolina Pirates baseball"},{"docid":"8433307","text":"Rooker went 13–11 with a 2.97 ERA as the Pirates won the NL East title again; once again, however, the Pirates were defeated in the NLCS, this time by the eventual World Champion Cincinnati Reds. In Game Two of that Series Rooker gave up four runs in as many innings, including a two-run home run to Tony Pérez in the first inning. The Pirates did not win the NL East title in or (the Philadelphia Phillies won it in both seasons), but Rooker maintained his consistency during those two seasons, with a 15–8 and 14–9 record respectively. In he slumped","title":"Jim Rooker"},{"docid":"7923011","text":"a World Series game. Mayer started the 1919 season with the Pirates; however, in August of that year, the Chicago White Sox selected him off waivers. In exchange, the Pirates received $2,500 ($ today). Mayer appeared in six regular season games for the White Sox and also pitched one inning in game 5 of the 1919 World Series. It was the final appearance of his major league career. When he retired after the season, he had won 91 games, 12 of them by shutout, with a 2.96 earned run average while pitching 93 complete games. In , played in one","title":"Erskine Mayer"},{"docid":"11793993","text":"6-3. Recap: Week 12 Southern Miss hosted East Carolina in the 34th meeting of these two teams. Of the 33 games in the history of the series, the Pirates have won only eight times. Recap Week 13 The Pirates traveled to Birmingham for the fourth time to face the Blazers. Before this game, East Carolina had never won a road contest at UAB's home field. UAB led the overall series 4-3. Recap Week 14 The Pirates welcome the Miners to Greenville for the first time ever. East Carolina and this Conference USA West opponent are meeting for the second time.","title":"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"15198092","text":"only have been in a World Series. Both teams kicked off the first Subway Series between the NL and AL in 1921. The rivalry between the Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates was considered by some to be one of the best rivalries in the NL. The rivalry started when the Pittsburgh Pirates entered play in 1887, four years after the Phillies. The Phillies and Pirates remained together after the National League split into two divisions in . During the period of two-division play (1969–), the two National League East division rivals won the two highest numbers of division championships, the","title":"Major League Baseball rivalries"},{"docid":"8013015","text":"was then replaced by lefty Dave Roberts, but Roberts walked Morgan. Tanner then brought in Game 1 saver Don Robinson, who struck out Concepción and retired Foster on a groundout to end the threat. The Pirates won it in the tenth when Moreno singled, went to second on a bunt by Foli and scored on Parker's single. Robinson retired the Reds in the tenth and the Pirates had a two games to none lead over the Reds. Robinson got the win and Doug Bair got the loss. The Pirates made it to their first World Series since 1971 with a","title":"1979 National League Championship Series"},{"docid":"10186801","text":"from the San Francisco Giants in a trade for shortstop Frank Duffy. The Reds won the NL West in a baseball first ever strike-shortened season and defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in an exciting five-game playoff series—that fifth game in Cincinnati was the last major league game Pittsburgh's great Roberto Clemente ever played—then faced the Oakland Athletics in the World Series. Six of the seven games were won by one run. With powerful slugger Reggie Jackson sidelined due to an injury incurred during Oakland's playoff series against Detroit, Ohio native Gene Tenace got a chance to play in the series for","title":"History of the Cincinnati Reds"},{"docid":"5054202","text":"the 1956 season as the Reds' starting catcher, but when the team faltered early in the season, Reds manager Birdie Tebbetts decided to shake things up and replaced Burgess with a younger man, Ed Bailey. In 1959, Burgess was traded along with Harvey Haddix and Don Hoak to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Whammy Douglas, Jim Pendleton and John Powers. Burgess was the Pirates catcher on May 26, 1959 when Haddix took a perfect game into the 13th inning against the Milwaukee Braves before losing the game. Burgess also won a World Series with the Pirates in 1960, batting .333 in","title":"Smoky Burgess"},{"docid":"2212398","text":"did not win another playoff game after the incident until 2015 when they defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the wild card game, but they were swept in the NLCS by the New York Mets. In 2016, the team advanced to the World Series for the first time since 1945, ending a 71-year-old drought. By some accounts, this represented the end of this particular \"curse\", since the Cubs had won the NLCS pennant, which they were unable to do in 2003. The Cubs then overcame a 3 games to 1 deficit to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series,","title":"Steve Bartman incident"},{"docid":"5609634","text":"he tied another home run record, when he hit back-to-back pinch-hit homers. In 1960 Long divided his playing time between the San Francisco Giants and New York Yankees. As a member of the Yankees, he faced his former Pirates team in the 1960 World Series. Long played for the Washington Senators during 1961 and 1962, but was also on the Yankees team that won the 1962 World Series over the Giants. He finished his playing career in 1963. Following his retirement, Long served as a Yankee coach and later as an umpire in minor league baseball. In a 10-season MLB","title":"Dale Long"},{"docid":"4171998","text":"three consecutive World Series, all seven games, in which the winning team scored fewer runs overall. The trend continued for the next seven-game series in 1975. These two teams met again in the fall classic eight years later, with the same result, as the Pirates won the final three games to win in seven. The Pirates won the National League East by seven games over the St. Louis Cardinals then defeated the San Francisco Giants, three games to one, in the National League Championship Series. The Orioles won the American League East by 12 games over the Detroit Tigers then","title":"1971 World Series"},{"docid":"11793994","text":"The first meeting occurred last fall in El Paso, Texas. ECU won in overtime, 45-42 in the Sun Bowl. The Pirates, after clenching their division in a 17-13 win over the UAB Blazers, will be representing Conference USA East in a battle against the champion of the West division, the Tulsa Golden Hurricanes. Tulsa clenched the division title with a win over Marshall and a Houston loss to Rice. Tulsa leads the all-time series against the Pirates, 5-2. After defeating Tulsa in the 2008 Conference USA Football Championship and winning their first Conference Championship in more than thirty years, the","title":"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team"},{"docid":"329860","text":"the leagues that contributed to the demise of the A.A. Although the Alleghenys were never found guilty of wrongdoing, they made sport of being denounced for being \"piratical\" by renaming themselves \"the Pirates\" for the 1891 season. The nickname was first acknowledged on the team's uniforms in 1912. The Pirates were a strong team in the early 1900s, winning National League pennants from 1901–1903 and taking their first World Series title in 1909. They again won the NL in 1925 and 1927 and the World Series in 1925. After a slow period, they returned to dominance and won the 1960","title":"Pittsburgh Pirates"},{"docid":"18295607","text":"and dubious. In the May 1–3 series at home against the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Cardinals swept by winning each game in extra innings. In the last game of that series, Kolten Wong hit his second career regular-season walk-off home run; his first also occurred against the Pirates. St. Louis became the first team since 1925 to sweep by winning each game in extra innings when the Cincinnati Reds did so against the Boston Braves from June 4–7. Of course, because the games were at Busch Stadium, St. Louis each won in walk-off fashion: first baseman Matt Adams with a bases-loaded","title":"2015 St. Louis Cardinals season"},{"docid":"5503957","text":"games and win the pennant only to be swept by the Chicago White Sox in the World Series. Under his leadership in the last 12 games of the 2006 season, the Astros won 10 and lost 2 putting them a game and half behind the Division winners. Garner's contract was extended through the end of the 2008 season by the Astros. As manager of a pennant winning team the year before, Garner managed the 2006 National League All-Star Team in Pittsburgh on July 11 . Garner cites Chuck Tanner, his manager during his time with the Pirates, as one of","title":"Phil Garner"},{"docid":"10920940","text":"1991 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1991 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 110th in franchise history; the 105th in the National League. This was their 22nd season at Three Rivers Stadium. For the second consecutive season, the Pirates won the National League East Division Title with a record of 98–64. They were defeated four games to three by the Atlanta Braves in the 1991 National League Championship Series. During the season, John Smiley won 20 games – the last to do so for the Pirates in the 20th century. 1991 Major League Baseball All-Star Game October 9: Three Rivers Stadium in","title":"1991 Pittsburgh Pirates season"},{"docid":"4252104","text":"eight outs away from winning the World Series, the Angels rallied to win 6–5. The Angels took Game Seven the following night, with Lofton flying out to Darin Erstad in center to end that game and the World Series, and for the second time in his career, Lofton had lost a World Series. The Pittsburgh Pirates signed Lofton to a one-year, $1.025 million contract to begin the 2003 season. With the Pirates he hit .277 and stole 18 bases in 84 games before being traded to the Chicago Cubs, where he was reunited with manager Dusty Baker. When Lofton joined","title":"Kenny Lofton"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504338\",\n \"text\": \"and gala on December 15, 2010. The telecast was also released on DVD by A&E Home Video. 1960 World Series (4–3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.) This would prove to be Casey Stengel's last World Series, as the Yankee club soon sent him into retirement. This led to his famous remark, \\\"I'll never make the mistake of turning 70 again.\\\" Mazeroski and Clemente were the last two remaining Pirate players from the 1960 World Series winners along with manager Danny Murtaugh, when the Pirates won the World Series in 1971. To date, this is the last championship\",\n \"title\": \"1960 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14856174\",\n \"text\": \"batting prowess of Gavvy Cravath, who set the major-league single-season record for home runs with 24. During that time, the Pirates dominated the National League, winning three more pennants, in 1902, 1903, when they lost the inaugural World Series, and when they won their first World Series, in , becoming the first team to open a new stadium with a World Series championship, having played their first season at Forbes Field that year. The Phillies were in the midst of a period of futility from 1918 to 1948 when the Pirates won the 1925 World Series and the 1927 National\",\n \"title\": \"Phillies–Pirates rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5325748\",\n \"text\": \"his first World Series appearances. The 1981 World Series marked the last chapter of the Dodgers-Yankees trilogy of that era, this one won by the Dodgers. Reuschel was ineffective in that Series, and it appeared his career might be finished. He returned to the Cubs and was on the roster in 1984 when they won the National League Eastern Division and made the playoffs, but, somewhat controversially, he was not named to the playoff roster. Reuschel was signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1985 as a free agent, and had a 14-8 won-loss record with the last-place Pirates, earning him\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Reuschel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14856176\",\n \"text\": \"National League pennant, though they lost to the New York Yankees in the 1950 World Series. In 1960, the Phillies were in last place when the Pirates won the World Series. It was during the 1970s that the rivalry became intense. The Phillies and the Pirates made up 10 of the possible 22 National League Championship Series appearances from 1970 to 1980. However, neither team enjoyed success during LCS appearances. The Phillies went 1–3 and the Pirates went 2–4 in NLCS appearances. In most cases, the teams had to face \\\"The Big Red Machine\\\" of the Cincinnati Reds in the\",\n \"title\": \"Phillies–Pirates rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2459965\",\n \"text\": \"team total over the seven games. In the fourth inning of Game 1, with Don Hoak on base, Mazeroski hit a shot off Jim Coates that went over the left field scoreboard and provided the edge in a 6–4 Pirates victory. Mazeroski and Roberto Clemente were the last remaining Pirate players from the 1960 World Series winners, when the Pirates won the World Series in 1971 and lost the NL championship series in 1972. Mazeroski was a member of ex-teammate Bill Virdon's coaching staff with the Pirates in , a year after retiring from playing. Mazeroski was elected into the\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Mazeroski\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4342438\",\n \"text\": \"1909 World Series In the 1909 World Series featured the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Detroit Tigers. The Pirates won the Series in seven games to capture their first championship of the modern Major League Baseball era and the second championship in the club's history. This Series is best remembered for the amazing play by the two best players at the time, Honus Wagner of the Pittsburgh Pirates, and Ty Cobb of the Detroit Tigers. The Pirates had won the pennant in 1909 behind the brilliant play of Honus Wagner, who led the league with a .339 batting average and 100\",\n \"title\": \"1909 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12903136\",\n \"text\": \"the game 34-31. The Tar Heels lead the all-time series, 8-2-1. The Pirates face the 2007 Conference USA champion UCF Knights in Greenville, NC. Last year, the Pirates beat the Knights in Orlando, FL 13-10 in overtime and lead the all-time series 7-1. The Pirates head back to West Virginia to face the Thundering Herd of Marshall. The Pirates won last year 19-16 in Greenville, NC after one overtime and lead the all-time series 7-3. In 2007, the Herd spoiled the Pirates' hopes in Huntington for a spot in the Conference USA championship. The Pirates face the Mustangs of Southern\",\n \"title\": \"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12903137\",\n \"text\": \"Methodist in Dallas, TX. The last time the two schools played was in Greenville, NC in 2006, where the Pirates won 38-21. East Carolina has won both games played in this series. The Pirates face the 2008 Texas Bowl Champion Rice Owls at home. The two teams are tied in the series 1-1 after the Owls spoiled the Pirates' hopes to clinch the Conference USA East Division and participate in the Conference USA Football Championship in 2006. The Pirates travel to Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, TN to face the Tigers of Memphis. The Pirates won last year in\",\n \"title\": \"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14856187\",\n \"text\": \"the Phillies received their World Series rings, the team in the visitors' dugout was the Pirates. The Phillies won the game 5–1, giving Phillies starter Steve Carlton his 250th career victory. In 1982, when Willie Stargell played his final season, both the Phillies and Pirates declared \\\"Willie Stargell Day\\\" in honor of Stargell's last games. The Pirates honored him on September 6 before they won a game against the New York Mets, while the Phillies honored him during a game against the Pirates on September 19, Stargell's final game in Philadelphia. Both teams finished first and second in the standings\",\n \"title\": \"Phillies–Pirates rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12903139\",\n \"text\": \"Tulsa leads the all-time series 5-3. The Pirates faced the UAB Blazers at home in Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium. In 2008 the Pirates defeated the Blazers in Birmingham, AL for the first time in this series' history. The two schools are tied in the all-time series 4-4. The Pirates will be hosting the rival Golden Eagles of Southern Miss. Of the 34 games played in this series, the Pirates have only won 8. Last year, the Golden Eagles beat the Pirates 21-3 in Hattiesburg, MS. 2009 East Carolina Pirates football team The 2009 East Carolina Pirates football team represented East Carolina University\",\n \"title\": \"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8019530\",\n \"text\": \"scored on a Roberto Clemente RBI single. Jerry Johnson relieved Perry and after intentionally walking Willie Stargell, Al Oliver's three-run home run made it 9–5 Pirates. Meanwhile, Bruce Kison and Dave Giusti pitched the last seven innings of shutout baseball to close out the series. 1971 NLCS (3–1): Pittsburgh Pirates over San Francisco Giants 1971 National League Championship Series The 1971 National League Championship Series was a best-of-five series that pitted the East Division champion Pittsburgh Pirates against the West Division champion San Francisco Giants. The Pirates won the Series three games to one and won the 1971 World Series\",\n \"title\": \"1971 National League Championship Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4342446\",\n \"text\": \"Pittsburgh would meet in a postseason game again until Game 1 of the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals between the Detroit Red Wings and Pittsburgh Penguins. 1909 World Series (4–3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over Detroit Tigers (A.L.) 1909 World Series In the 1909 World Series featured the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Detroit Tigers. The Pirates won the Series in seven games to capture their first championship of the modern Major League Baseball era and the second championship in the club's history. This Series is best remembered for the amazing play by the two best players at the time, Honus Wagner of\",\n \"title\": \"1909 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11070075\",\n \"text\": \"the Series. 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 22nd year the Pittsburgh Pirates played in Major League Baseball. The club finish their season as National League champions, beating the second-place New York Giants by 6½ games. They went on to participate in the 1903 World Series, the first to be played between the champions of the National League and American League. The Pirates started off well, winning 3 of the first four games, but the Boston Americans won the last four straight to win the series five games to three. The Pirates set a record\",\n \"title\": \"1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4484271\",\n \"text\": \"third full season as manager, Murtaugh guided the Bucs to the first of the two World Series championships they would win under his command, when they stunned the heavy-hitting New York Yankees in the 1960 World Series—won in Pittsburgh's last at bat by Bill Mazeroski's walk-off home run in the ninth inning of Game 7. The Yankees outscored Pittsburgh 55–27, and administered three thrashings (16–3, 10–0 and 12–0), but the resilient Pirates took the other four contests by a total run differential of only +7 (6–4, 3–2, 5–2 and 10–9). From 1961–64, his Pirates had only one over-.500 season and,\",\n \"title\": \"Danny Murtaugh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3528876\",\n \"text\": \"teams to go from last place to first place from one year to the next. The two teams met in the 1991 World Series, which the Twins won in seven games. It was the second World Series in which the home team won every game. The first was in 1987 when the Twins defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. In 1992, Cox's Braves held a 3–1 lead in the National League Championship Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates before losing games 5 and 6, although they did win Game 7 on Francisco Cabrera's ninth-inning, two-out, pinch-hit, two-run single. They\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Cox\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4496642\",\n \"text\": \"Sam Leever Samuel Leever (December 23, 1871 – May 19, 1953), nicknamed \\\"The Goshen Schoolmaster\\\", was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He spent his entire career with the Pittsburgh Pirates. Born in Goshen, Ohio, Leever came into baseball after an earlier career as a schoolteacher. He won 25 games in 1903 to help the Pirates win their third consecutive National League pennant, but lost both his starts in the World Series as the heavily favored Pirates were upset by Boston. He later went 8–1 for the 1909 Pirates, when they won their first World Series title. His\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Leever\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11070065\",\n \"text\": \"1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 22nd year the Pittsburgh Pirates played in Major League Baseball. The club finish their season as National League champions, beating the second-place New York Giants by 6½ games. They went on to participate in the 1903 World Series, the first to be played between the champions of the National League and American League. The Pirates started off well, winning 3 of the first four games, but the Boston Americans won the last four straight to win the series five games to three. The Pirates set a record of 52\",\n \"title\": \"1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10922932\",\n \"text\": \"1972 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1972 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 91st season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 86th in the National League. The defending World Series champion Pirates finished first in the National League East with a record of 96–59. The team was defeated three games to two by the Cincinnati Reds in the 1972 National League Championship Series. Despite losing the series, the Pirates put up a good fight, unlike the last time the two teams met in the playoffs. In game 5, the Pirates led 3-2 in the 9th inning, and were 3 outs away from\",\n \"title\": \"1972 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22896\",\n \"text\": \"memorable playoff races. The \\\"Worst to First\\\" Braves, who had not won a divisional title since 1982, captivated the city of Atlanta (and the entire southeast) during their improbable run to the flag. They defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in a very tightly contested seven-game NLCS only to lose the World Series, also in seven games, to the Minnesota Twins. The series, considered by many to be one of the greatest ever, was the first time a team that had finished last in its division one year went to the World Series the next; both the Twins and Braves accomplished the\",\n \"title\": \"Atlanta Braves\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4933741\",\n \"text\": \"in-state rivals, during their run of three straight NL East championships, from 1976–1978 (in fact, the Pirates won the 1991 NL East title in a game against their rivals). and were expected to win this Series and advance to the World Series. However, the Braves, who went from last place in the National League West in 1990 to first place in the division in 1991, were able to pull off the upset in their memorable run to the World Series versus the Minnesota Twins. Wednesday, October 9, 1991 (8:41PM EDT) at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh The Pirates proved they\",\n \"title\": \"1991 National League Championship Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4169515\",\n \"text\": \"their division every season from 1991 through 2005, have not won a World Series game since Game 2 of this series. Over the course of the 1996 World Series, the Braves hit .315 during the first six innings and .176 afterward. Atlanta had more hits, runs, homers, and a lower team ERA during the course of the series, but still lost, much like the 1960 Yankees' performance against the Pittsburgh Pirates. This is the first World Series to feature the series logo on the side of each team's hats. This was also the last of four consecutive World Series (1992–1996)\",\n \"title\": \"1996 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4171882\",\n \"text\": \"in last place, the Mets got healthy and hot in September, ultimately winning the division with a mere 82 victories, marking the only time between 1970 and 1980 that neither their rival Philadelphia Phillies, nor the Pittsburgh Pirates, won the division. The final standings: At 82–79, the 1973 New York Mets had the worst record of any team ever to play in a World Series. They had only the ninth-best record in the 24-team major leagues, behind the Oakland A's, the Cincinnati Reds (who they beat in the National League Championship Series), the Baltimore Orioles (who were defeated by Oakland\",\n \"title\": \"1973 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504306\",\n \"text\": \"runs. The Yankees won three blowout games (16–3, 10–0, and 12–0), while the Pirates won four close games (6–4, 3–2, 5–2, and 10–9) to win the series. The Series MVP was Bobby Richardson of the Yankees, the only time in history that that award has been given to a member of the losing team. This World Series featured seven past, present, or future league Most Valuable Players. The Pirates had two – Dick Groat (1960) and Roberto Clemente (1966) – while the Yankees had five: Yogi Berra (1951, 1954, 1955), Bobby Shantz (1952), Mickey Mantle (1956, 1957, 1962), Roger Maris\",\n \"title\": \"1960 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3572951\",\n \"text\": \"pitcher that year. His finest moments were in the postseason that year when he pitched two complete game victories against the Washington Senators as the Pirates won the World Series. He won Game 2 of the series 3–2 on October 8, and Game 5 by a score of 6–3, the first two Pirates wins of the Series. Aldridge used the money from the World Series to buy a home in Terre Haute, Indiana. Aldridge also started the seventh game on October 15. It had been raining for a week in Pittsburgh, and the sixth game had been rainy. The weather\",\n \"title\": \"Vic Aldridge\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7248666\",\n \"text\": \"and played on the baseball team. Neagle was drafted in the 3rd round of the amateur draft by the Minnesota Twins. He saw some action in the summer of for the Twins, but was not on their postseason roster when the club won the 1991 World Series. Neagle was dealt to the Pittsburgh Pirates during spring training in , and became a full-time starter for the Pirates in . The following season, Neagle posted a 13-8 record with a 3.43 ERA and became the ace of a mediocre Pittsburgh staff. That year, Neagle represented the Pirates at the All-Star Game.\",\n \"title\": \"Denny Neagle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504339\",\n \"text\": \"in any of the four major sports to be won in Pittsburgh by the home team, as the Pirates' two subsequent World Series championships were clinched in Baltimore, while the Pittsburgh Penguins have won all five of their Stanley Cup championships on the road and the Pittsburgh Steelers have won all of their Super Bowl championships at neutral sites. 1960 World Series The 1960 World Series was played between the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League (NL) and the New York Yankees of the American League (AL) from October 5 to 13, 1960. It is most notable for the Game\",\n \"title\": \"1960 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8998715\",\n \"text\": \"extra base hits, finished second with 39 home runs, and won the AL MVP Award. The 1960 Yankees won the AL pennant for the 10th time in 12 years under Stengel, and outscored the Pirates 55–27 in the seven World Series games. However, the team lost four of them, falling short of a Series championship after Bill Mazeroski hit a walk-off home run in the final game, ending a contest that Appel called \\\"one of the most memorable in baseball history.\\\" The season turned out to be Stengel's last as Yankees manager; he indicated that his age played a role\",\n \"title\": \"History of the New York Yankees\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793989\",\n \"text\": \"was tied at the last second, 24-24. The Pirates came up with nothing after the first offensive series in Overtime, as Quarterback Patrick Pinkney was sacked and fumbled the ball, setting up a Wolfpack touchdown that gave the Pirates their first loss of the 2008 season, the final score: 30-24. The next time the two schools meet was pushed back to the 2010 season, to accommodate the completion of East Carolina's upcoming stadium expansion. Recap: Week 5 <nowiki>#23</nowiki> East Carolina hosted Houston for their conference home opener at Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium. ECU won in a shootout last fall, 37-35. The Pirates\",\n \"title\": \"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10632446\",\n \"text\": \"Division title in three years. Wagner replaced long-time GM Bob Howsam, who retired after running the Reds for 12 years. Through some good drafts and several key trades, Howsam built a team that won six division titles, and played in four World Series, winning two, during the 1970s. However, the Reds lost the National League Championship Series to the eventual World Series champion Pittsburgh Pirates in three straight games. It was the first time in four tries the Pirates had upended the Reds in a divisional playoff series since Major League Baseball went to divisions in 1969. The Reds played\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Cincinnati Reds season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3997637\",\n \"text\": \"the sixth on a three-run homer by Julián Javier off the arm-weary Lonborg. With the 7–2 defeat, Boston's \\\"Impossible Dream\\\" ended one game too soon and the St. Louis Cardinals were World Series Champions for the second time in the 1960s, and eighth overall. Only once before had a seventh game of a Series brought together starting pitchers who both had 2–0 won-lost records in that Series. It happened in 1925, when the Washington Senators' Walter Johnson pitched against the Pittsburgh Pirates' Vic Aldridge. 1967 World Series (4–3): St. Louis Cardinals (N.L.) over Boston Red Sox (A.L.) Gussie Busch, chief\",\n \"title\": \"1967 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2389574\",\n \"text\": \"1975 World Series The 1975 World Series of Major League Baseball was played between the Boston Red Sox (AL) and Cincinnati Reds (NL). In 2003, it was ranked by ESPN as the second-greatest World Series ever played. Cincinnati won the series in seven games. The Cincinnati Reds won the National League West division by 20 games over the Los Angeles Dodgers then defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates, three games to none, in the National League Championship Series. The Boston Red Sox won the American League East division by 4½ games over the Baltimore Orioles then defeated the three-time defending World Series\",\n \"title\": \"1975 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3964271\",\n \"text\": \"Pirates were the last team to win Game 7 of a World Series on the road until the San Francisco Giants defeated the Royals in Kansas City to win Game 7 of the Series. They were also the last road team to win Game 7 of a championship round, in any major league sport, until the Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Detroit Red Wings 2–1 at Joe Louis Arena to win the 2009 Stanley Cup Finals. With the Steelers having already won Super Bowl XIII, Pittsburgh also became the second city to win both the Super Bowl and the World Series\",\n \"title\": \"1979 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3735043\",\n \"text\": \"played in four American League Championship Series, his teams never reached the World Series. The Pirates won the World Series the season after Patek left the Pirates (), and the Royals lost the World Series the season after Patek left the Royals (). Baseball analyst Bill James has ranked Patek, a member of the Kansas City Royals Hall of Fame, the 14th best player in Royals' history. Patek briefly served as a part-time baseball analyst for NBC after his retirement. On July 21, 1992, Patek's daughter Kimberlie was paralyzed from the neck down in a car accident. Community fund raisers\",\n \"title\": \"Freddie Patek\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5552465\",\n \"text\": \"season, and Virdon interviewed to become the Pirates' next manager. However, the Pirates re-hired Murtaugh, and Virdon remained on Murtaugh's coaching staff. Virdon coached the Pirates as they won the 1971 World Series. Due to health problems, Murtaugh retired after the 1971 season, and Virdon was named as his successor. As a manager, Virdon led the Pirates to the 1972 NL East division title, but the Pirates lost the 1972 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to the Cincinnati Reds when Pittsburgh pitcher Bob Moose unleashed a wild pitch in the final inning of Game 5, allowing the winning run to\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Virdon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5246707\",\n \"text\": \"one inning. Pagán appeared in two World Series in his career; first at the age of 27 with the Giants, when he was on the losing side of the 1962 against the New York Yankees. Despite the loss, he hit .368 with a home run in the seven-game series. With the Pirates in 1971, after losing the NLCS in 1970, he won his only world series and became a hero of the deciding game. In game seven of the World Series between the Pirates and the Baltimore Orioles, Pagán hit a double in the top of the eighth inning which\",\n \"title\": \"José Pagán\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10180691\",\n \"text\": \"Pittsburgh lineup in the late 1960s, and the Pirates returned to prominence in 1970. Murtaugh returned as manager and the Pirates' home field, Forbes Field, was demolished in favor of the multi-purpose Three Rivers Stadium. In 1970, the Pirates won their first of five National League East division titles over the next seven years, and won their fourth World Series in 1971 behind a .414 Series batting average by Clemente. They also thought they had a genuine superstar pitcher (historically rare for the Pirates) in Steve Blass, who pitched two masterful games in the World Series against Baltimore and had\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Pirates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14856199\",\n \"text\": \"the Braves, but lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in the World Series on the famous walk-off home run by Joe Carter. The two teams met 18 times during a season for the last time in 1992. The following year, the number of meetings was reduced to 13, as the National League expanded to include the Florida Marlins. The rivalry came to an end when MLB realigned for in the form of three divisions in each league, and the addition of an expanded playoff format. When agreeing on the realignment, the Pirates switched to the newly created Central Division and\",\n \"title\": \"Phillies–Pirates rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11062939\",\n \"text\": \"at Yankee Stadium in New York City 1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season was a season in American baseball. That year, the Pirates won the National League pennant, which was their second in three years and their last until 1960. The team included five future Hall of Famers: Paul Waner, Lloyd Waner, Pie Traynor, Kiki Cuyler, and 20-year-old rookie Joe Cronin (who played just 12 games). In the World Series, however, Pittsburgh was no match for the New York Yankees. They were swept in four games. Paul Waner had one of his best seasons en route to\",\n \"title\": \"1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11062936\",\n \"text\": \"1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season was a season in American baseball. That year, the Pirates won the National League pennant, which was their second in three years and their last until 1960. The team included five future Hall of Famers: Paul Waner, Lloyd Waner, Pie Traynor, Kiki Cuyler, and 20-year-old rookie Joe Cronin (who played just 12 games). In the World Series, however, Pittsburgh was no match for the New York Yankees. They were swept in four games. Paul Waner had one of his best seasons en route to being voted NL MVP. His .380 batting\",\n \"title\": \"1927 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504321\",\n \"text\": \"bay until the seventh, when he was replaced by Face. In the ninth, the Pirates added an insurance run off Ryne Duren when Hoak singled in Joe Christopher (pinch runner for Smoky Burgess, who had singled and taken second on an error), who had moved to third on a wild pitch. Face shut down the pinstripers in the bottom half of the frame to give the Pirates a 5–2 victory and a 3–2 edge in the Series. For the sixth contest in Pittsburgh, the Yankees started Whitey Ford against the Pirates' Bob Friend. And as was the case the last\",\n \"title\": \"1960 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14856177\",\n \"text\": \"NLCS. In each of the years the two teams won a pennant, they won a World Series (Pirates in and and Phillies in ). From 1970 to 1980, the two teams reigned exclusively as National League East champions, except in 1973, when the New York Mets won the National League pennant. The Phillies success under manager Danny Ozark was attributed to a well-rounded lineup with Greg Luzinski and Mike Schmidt leading the team in homers, Steve Carlton and Tug McGraw leading the pitching, and Larry Bowa and Garry Maddox being the secretaries of Philadelphia's defense. The Pirates, under managers Danny\",\n \"title\": \"Phillies–Pirates rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11009396\",\n \"text\": \"In Game 5, Pirates' rookie Babe Adams threw his second complete game victory, an 8–4 win. Sam Crawford hit a home run and a double, but Fred Clarke's three run home run gave the win to Pittsburgh. In Game 6, George Mullin led the Tigers to a 5–4 win. The World Series would go to a seventh game for the first time. In Game 7, the Pirates won, 8–0, as Babe Adams got his third complete game victory of the 1909 World Series. Adams was the only rookie pitcher in the 20th century to win a World Series Game 7.\",\n \"title\": \"1909 Detroit Tigers season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2505848\",\n \"text\": \"season. This marked the only time between 1970 and 1980 that the National League East wasn't won by either the Philadelphia Phillies or the Pirates. McGraw continued his dominant pitching into the post-season when he pitched five innings over two games in the 1973 National League Championship Series against the Cincinnati Reds without giving up a run, and appeared in five of the seven games of the 1973 World Series against the Oakland Athletics. Though he blew the save in game two of the World Series, he pitched three shutout innings in extra innings to earn the win. On December\",\n \"title\": \"Tug McGraw\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8550122\",\n \"text\": \"and a left-handed line drive hitter who rarely swung at a bad pitch, but also was reputedly the slowest runner in the majors for much of his career. At age 21, May was a member of the Pirates team that won the 1971 World Series. In the seventh inning of Game Four of that series, his pinch-hit single drove in Bob Robertson with the winning run in a 4–3 Pirates victory. Tragedy struck the Pirates in late 1972, when outfielder Roberto Clemente died in a plane crash. May was slated to replace Clemente in the Pirates' lineup in 1973, with\",\n \"title\": \"Milt May\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9987291\",\n \"text\": \"race last season was because their tonsils were not so good. And if they're right, the boys point out, they should be one of the healthiest teams in the land this year.\\\" Returning to baseball \\\"sans\\\" tonsils, Meine had the best year of his career in 1931. Having never won more than seven games in a season for the Pirates, Meine compiled a 19–13 record for the 1931 Pirates. In his first two games against the 1931 St. Louis Cardinals, he pitched shutouts against the group that went on to win 101 games and the 1931 World Series. He won\",\n \"title\": \"Heine Meine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9842330\",\n \"text\": \"had a career-high 48 runs batted in, as the Pirates once again won the National League championship. However, they faced the powerful New York Yankees led by Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig in the 1927 World Series and were defeated in four straight games. In 1928, the Pirates acquired future Baseball Hall of Fame inductee, Burleigh Grimes, who was the last pitcher allowed to throw the spitball in the major leagues. Pirates manager, Donie Bush chose Gooch to be Grimes' personal catcher, due to his previous experience at catching the tricky spitball. After spending six and a half years with\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny Gooch\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"41962\",\n \"text\": \"1903 World Series The 1903 World Series was the first modern World Series to be played in Major League Baseball. It matched the American League (AL) champion Boston Americans against the National League (NL) champion Pittsburgh Pirates in a best-of-nine series, with Boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four. Pittsburgh pitcher Sam Leever injured his shoulder while trap-shooting, so his teammate Deacon Phillippe pitched five complete games. Phillippe won three of his games, but it was not enough to overcome the club from the new American League. Boston pitchers Bill Dinneen and Cy Young led Boston to\",\n \"title\": \"1903 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7464292\",\n \"text\": \"later, the Pittsburgh Pirates convinced Abbaticchio to join them for their 1907 season. He then stayed with Pirates until the 1910 season, when he joined the Boston Doves. During his time in Pittsburgh, Ed played on the Pirates' 1909 World Series team. However, in the World Series he struck out in his only at-bat, as a pinch hitter. However, the season prior, on October 4, Ed hit a ball into the stands in game against the Chicago Cubs, which was called foul by umpire Hank O'Day, who also ruled on the infamous Merkle's Boner. The Pirates protested the call which\",\n \"title\": \"Ed Abbaticchio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12509695\",\n \"text\": \"exchange for future starting shortstop Ronny Cedeño and four Minor League players. After the game, the Pirates traded three-time All-Star second baseman Freddy Sanchez to the Giants for minor league pitcher Tim Alderson. On July 31, the Pirates returned home for a four-game series against the Nationals which stretched into August. Though they won the games on both July 31 and August 1, the Pirates lost the next two games to split the series 2–2. This started an eight-game losing streak, against the Nationals, the Diamondbacks, and the Cardinals, which ended August 11 when the Pirates defeated the Rockies in\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12903138\",\n \"text\": \"Greenville, NC 30-10 and lead the all-time series 11-6. For the first time since 2000, the 2009 Orange Bowl Champion Hokies make the trip to Greenville, NC. Last year, the Hokies and Pirates squared off in Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, NC, with the Pirates winning 27-22 after a Pontiac Game Changing Performance nominated blocked punt was returned by T.J. Lee. The Hokies lead the all time series 9-5. In a rematch of the 2008 Conference USA Football Championship, the Pirates travel to Tulsa, OK to face the Golden Hurricane. Last year, the Pirates defeated the Golden Hurricane 27-24.\",\n \"title\": \"2009 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2547680\",\n \"text\": \"decision that angered Ford. The Yankees' ace won both his starts in Games Three and Six with complete-game shutouts, but was then unavailable to relieve in the last game of a Yankees loss, the Pirates winning the game—and the Series with it—on Bill Mazeroski's walk-off home run in the bottom of the ninth. Ford always felt that had he been able to appear in three of the games instead of just two, the Yankees would have won. For his career, Ford had 10 World Series victories, more than any other pitcher. Ford also leads all starters in World Series losses\",\n \"title\": \"Whitey Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4171953\",\n \"text\": \"franchise since the days of Connie Mack when the team was in Philadelphia and had won in 1930. The victory ensured manager Dick Williams' return for another year. It was the Athletics' sixth World Series title, and the first of three consecutive titles. This was the last time to date that an American League team had won a World Series Game 7 on the road until , when the Houston Astros did so in Los Angeles. 1972 World Series (4–3): Oakland A's (A.L.) over Cincinnati Reds (N.L.) 1972 World Series The 1972 World Series matched the American League champion Oakland\",\n \"title\": \"1972 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7210746\",\n \"text\": \"games. It was only the fifth time in 40 years that the Series featured two teams that had both remained in the same city since the formation of the AL in 1901, the last time being the 2004 World Series between St. Louis and the Boston Red Sox. The last three prior to 2004 were in (Boston–Cincinnati), 1968 (Detroit–St. Louis) and (Boston–St. Louis). The Cardinals, who moved into Busch Stadium in April, became the fourth team to win the Series in their home stadium's debut season, joining the Pittsburgh Pirates (Forbes Field), Boston Red Sox (Fenway Park) and New York\",\n \"title\": \"2006 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9760195\",\n \"text\": \"Pirates I were National Champions and were runners up in 2006. In 2005 Croydon Pirates II were Premier Division Champions, extraordinarily winning 9 of their last 10 games to win the title. In 2007 Croydon Pirates I again won the National League, earning the right to compete in the Final 4 tournament on the weekend of 1–2 September 2007, along with The London Mets, Menwith Hill Patriots and Liverpool Trojans. Croydon and the Mets won their semi-finals to advanced to the final, where the Pirates were defeated 2–0 in a best of 3 series. In 2008, Croydon Pirates III won\",\n \"title\": \"South London Pirates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4342335\",\n \"text\": \"the Mets did not reach the postseason until after they moved to Shea Stadium. Game 4 was the last World Series and playoff game at Cleveland Stadium; the Indians did not return to the World Series or playoffs until , a year after Jacobs Field opened. The Indians, by winning the American League pennant, kept the Yankees from having a chance to win their sixth straight series. The last time the Yankees had not won the series or pennant beforehand was 1948, when, again, the Indians kept them out (although that year, they won the Series). It was also the\",\n \"title\": \"1954 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6380315\",\n \"text\": \"President of NBC West Coast, supposedly called the event \\\"one of the most exciting baseball moments he had ever seen,\\\" albeit regretting the time of day it took place. Game 7 was the last postseason game for the Pirates until 2013, when the team faced and defeated the Cincinnati Reds in the National League Wild Card Game. The Pirates also went twenty years without a winning season after 1992. Game 7 was the last Pirates game for Bonds and Drabek who left via free agency, signing with the Giants and Astros, respectively. Until 2008, the Braves were the last team\",\n \"title\": \"1992 National League Championship Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10464377\",\n \"text\": \"blocked punt 27-22. Virginia Tech leads the series 15-7. The Pirates have played West Virginia 21 times since 1970. From 2002 to 2009, the Pirates and the Mountaineers met annually. The first time the two teams met was in Greenville in 1970, where West Virginia won 28-14 and would continue to win the next few series until 1995, when East Carolina recorded its first win over the Mountaineers in Greenville, 23-20. East Carolina has never beaten West Virginia in Morgantown. The two teams agreed to extend the series in 2013, after a three-year break. West Virginia leads the series 18-3.\",\n \"title\": \"East Carolina Pirates football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12163500\",\n \"text\": \"by Johnny Kling. Evers walked, Frank Schulte followed with an RBI double to give the Cubs the lead, and Frank Chance followed with a two-run double. From there, Chicago cruised to a 4–2 victory, becoming champions of the NL for the third straight year. The Cubs went on to win the 1908 World Series, beating the Detroit Tigers four games to one. This was the Cubs' last world championship for more than a century: the next came in the 2016 World Series. The Pirates won the 1909 World Series, also against the Tigers. The Giants then returned to the World\",\n \"title\": \"Merkle's Boner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17769729\",\n \"text\": \"football season. The Gamecocks hold a 12-5 all-time series record against the Pirates. South Carolina won the most recent matchup in 2012 by a score of 48-10. It was the first career start for then-backup QB Dylan Thompson, who threw for 330 yards with 3 touchdowns and no interceptions in the victory. The SEC East rival Georgia Bulldogs visit South Carolina on September 13, 2014 to conclude the Gamecocks three-game homestand. Georgia leads the all-time series 48-17-2; however, the Gamecocks have won three of the last four matchups, including a dominating 35-7 victory in the last meeting at Williams-Brice Stadium.\",\n \"title\": \"2014 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6449606\",\n \"text\": \"trip to the World Series. Excellent at throwing out potential base stealers, he won a Gold Glove award in 1987. For his career, he threw out 36.8% of potential base stealers. In spring training of the 1987 season, LaValliere was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates alongside Andy Van Slyke and Mike Dunne in exchange for fellow catcher Tony Peña. LaValliere and Van Slyke later became stalwarts on the hugely successful Pirates teams of the early 1990s, when Pittsburgh went to three consecutive National League Championship Series from 1990 to 1992. Unfortunately for the Pirates, they lost in all three of\",\n \"title\": \"Mike LaValliere\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793992\",\n \"text\": \"previous games played between these teams, the Pirates led the Tigers 10-6. Recap: Week 10 East Carolina traveled to the Bright House Networks Stadium in Orlando for the third time in this series. The Pirates led the series six games to one. Recap: Week 11 The Thundering Herd traveled to North Carolina for the fifth time in this storied series. After the 1970 contest, Marshall's plane crashed while traveling back to Huntington. The 2001 GMAC Bowl is the highest-scoring bowl game in Division I-A (now Division I FBS) history. Marshall won 64-61 in two overtimes. The Pirates led the series\",\n \"title\": \"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12914253\",\n \"text\": \"Amenities include the Pirate Club fundraising and hospitality suite and a private suite for the LeClair family. The stadium is home to the 2007 ECU Invitational and Keith LeClair Classic In 1961, the ECU Pirates won the NAIA Baseball World Series championship to claim East Carolina's first national championship in baseball. The East Carolina Pirates won 13-7 over the Sacramento State Hornets. Since then, the Pirates have yet to make it to a national championship. East Carolina Pirates baseball The East Carolina Pirates baseball team is an intercollegiate baseball team representing East Carolina University in NCAA Division I college baseball\",\n \"title\": \"East Carolina Pirates baseball\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433307\",\n \"text\": \"Rooker went 13–11 with a 2.97 ERA as the Pirates won the NL East title again; once again, however, the Pirates were defeated in the NLCS, this time by the eventual World Champion Cincinnati Reds. In Game Two of that Series Rooker gave up four runs in as many innings, including a two-run home run to Tony Pérez in the first inning. The Pirates did not win the NL East title in or (the Philadelphia Phillies won it in both seasons), but Rooker maintained his consistency during those two seasons, with a 15–8 and 14–9 record respectively. In he slumped\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Rooker\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7923011\",\n \"text\": \"a World Series game. Mayer started the 1919 season with the Pirates; however, in August of that year, the Chicago White Sox selected him off waivers. In exchange, the Pirates received $2,500 ($ today). Mayer appeared in six regular season games for the White Sox and also pitched one inning in game 5 of the 1919 World Series. It was the final appearance of his major league career. When he retired after the season, he had won 91 games, 12 of them by shutout, with a 2.96 earned run average while pitching 93 complete games. In , played in one\",\n \"title\": \"Erskine Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793993\",\n \"text\": \"6-3. Recap: Week 12 Southern Miss hosted East Carolina in the 34th meeting of these two teams. Of the 33 games in the history of the series, the Pirates have won only eight times. Recap Week 13 The Pirates traveled to Birmingham for the fourth time to face the Blazers. Before this game, East Carolina had never won a road contest at UAB's home field. UAB led the overall series 4-3. Recap Week 14 The Pirates welcome the Miners to Greenville for the first time ever. East Carolina and this Conference USA West opponent are meeting for the second time.\",\n \"title\": \"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15198092\",\n \"text\": \"only have been in a World Series. Both teams kicked off the first Subway Series between the NL and AL in 1921. The rivalry between the Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates was considered by some to be one of the best rivalries in the NL. The rivalry started when the Pittsburgh Pirates entered play in 1887, four years after the Phillies. The Phillies and Pirates remained together after the National League split into two divisions in . During the period of two-division play (1969–), the two National League East division rivals won the two highest numbers of division championships, the\",\n \"title\": \"Major League Baseball rivalries\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8013015\",\n \"text\": \"was then replaced by lefty Dave Roberts, but Roberts walked Morgan. Tanner then brought in Game 1 saver Don Robinson, who struck out Concepción and retired Foster on a groundout to end the threat. The Pirates won it in the tenth when Moreno singled, went to second on a bunt by Foli and scored on Parker's single. Robinson retired the Reds in the tenth and the Pirates had a two games to none lead over the Reds. Robinson got the win and Doug Bair got the loss. The Pirates made it to their first World Series since 1971 with a\",\n \"title\": \"1979 National League Championship Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10186801\",\n \"text\": \"from the San Francisco Giants in a trade for shortstop Frank Duffy. The Reds won the NL West in a baseball first ever strike-shortened season and defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in an exciting five-game playoff series—that fifth game in Cincinnati was the last major league game Pittsburgh's great Roberto Clemente ever played—then faced the Oakland Athletics in the World Series. Six of the seven games were won by one run. With powerful slugger Reggie Jackson sidelined due to an injury incurred during Oakland's playoff series against Detroit, Ohio native Gene Tenace got a chance to play in the series for\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Cincinnati Reds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5054202\",\n \"text\": \"the 1956 season as the Reds' starting catcher, but when the team faltered early in the season, Reds manager Birdie Tebbetts decided to shake things up and replaced Burgess with a younger man, Ed Bailey. In 1959, Burgess was traded along with Harvey Haddix and Don Hoak to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Whammy Douglas, Jim Pendleton and John Powers. Burgess was the Pirates catcher on May 26, 1959 when Haddix took a perfect game into the 13th inning against the Milwaukee Braves before losing the game. Burgess also won a World Series with the Pirates in 1960, batting .333 in\",\n \"title\": \"Smoky Burgess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2212398\",\n \"text\": \"did not win another playoff game after the incident until 2015 when they defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the wild card game, but they were swept in the NLCS by the New York Mets. In 2016, the team advanced to the World Series for the first time since 1945, ending a 71-year-old drought. By some accounts, this represented the end of this particular \\\"curse\\\", since the Cubs had won the NLCS pennant, which they were unable to do in 2003. The Cubs then overcame a 3 games to 1 deficit to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series,\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Bartman incident\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5609634\",\n \"text\": \"he tied another home run record, when he hit back-to-back pinch-hit homers. In 1960 Long divided his playing time between the San Francisco Giants and New York Yankees. As a member of the Yankees, he faced his former Pirates team in the 1960 World Series. Long played for the Washington Senators during 1961 and 1962, but was also on the Yankees team that won the 1962 World Series over the Giants. He finished his playing career in 1963. Following his retirement, Long served as a Yankee coach and later as an umpire in minor league baseball. In a 10-season MLB\",\n \"title\": \"Dale Long\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4171998\",\n \"text\": \"three consecutive World Series, all seven games, in which the winning team scored fewer runs overall. The trend continued for the next seven-game series in 1975. These two teams met again in the fall classic eight years later, with the same result, as the Pirates won the final three games to win in seven. The Pirates won the National League East by seven games over the St. Louis Cardinals then defeated the San Francisco Giants, three games to one, in the National League Championship Series. The Orioles won the American League East by 12 games over the Detroit Tigers then\",\n \"title\": \"1971 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11793994\",\n \"text\": \"The first meeting occurred last fall in El Paso, Texas. ECU won in overtime, 45-42 in the Sun Bowl. The Pirates, after clenching their division in a 17-13 win over the UAB Blazers, will be representing Conference USA East in a battle against the champion of the West division, the Tulsa Golden Hurricanes. Tulsa clenched the division title with a win over Marshall and a Houston loss to Rice. Tulsa leads the all-time series against the Pirates, 5-2. After defeating Tulsa in the 2008 Conference USA Football Championship and winning their first Conference Championship in more than thirty years, the\",\n \"title\": \"2008 East Carolina Pirates football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"329860\",\n \"text\": \"the leagues that contributed to the demise of the A.A. Although the Alleghenys were never found guilty of wrongdoing, they made sport of being denounced for being \\\"piratical\\\" by renaming themselves \\\"the Pirates\\\" for the 1891 season. The nickname was first acknowledged on the team's uniforms in 1912. The Pirates were a strong team in the early 1900s, winning National League pennants from 1901–1903 and taking their first World Series title in 1909. They again won the NL in 1925 and 1927 and the World Series in 1925. After a slow period, they returned to dominance and won the 1960\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Pirates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18295607\",\n \"text\": \"and dubious. In the May 1–3 series at home against the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Cardinals swept by winning each game in extra innings. In the last game of that series, Kolten Wong hit his second career regular-season walk-off home run; his first also occurred against the Pirates. St. Louis became the first team since 1925 to sweep by winning each game in extra innings when the Cincinnati Reds did so against the Boston Braves from June 4–7. Of course, because the games were at Busch Stadium, St. Louis each won in walk-off fashion: first baseman Matt Adams with a bases-loaded\",\n \"title\": \"2015 St. Louis Cardinals season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5503957\",\n \"text\": \"games and win the pennant only to be swept by the Chicago White Sox in the World Series. Under his leadership in the last 12 games of the 2006 season, the Astros won 10 and lost 2 putting them a game and half behind the Division winners. Garner's contract was extended through the end of the 2008 season by the Astros. As manager of a pennant winning team the year before, Garner managed the 2006 National League All-Star Team in Pittsburgh on July 11 . Garner cites Chuck Tanner, his manager during his time with the Pirates, as one of\",\n \"title\": \"Phil Garner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10920940\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Pittsburgh Pirates season The 1991 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 110th in franchise history; the 105th in the National League. This was their 22nd season at Three Rivers Stadium. For the second consecutive season, the Pirates won the National League East Division Title with a record of 98–64. They were defeated four games to three by the Atlanta Braves in the 1991 National League Championship Series. During the season, John Smiley won 20 games – the last to do so for the Pirates in the 20th century. 1991 Major League Baseball All-Star Game October 9: Three Rivers Stadium in\",\n \"title\": \"1991 Pittsburgh Pirates season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4252104\",\n \"text\": \"eight outs away from winning the World Series, the Angels rallied to win 6–5. The Angels took Game Seven the following night, with Lofton flying out to Darin Erstad in center to end that game and the World Series, and for the second time in his career, Lofton had lost a World Series. The Pittsburgh Pirates signed Lofton to a one-year, $1.025 million contract to begin the 2003 season. With the Pirates he hit .277 and stole 18 bases in 84 games before being traded to the Chicago Cubs, where he was reunited with manager Dusty Baker. When Lofton joined\",\n \"title\": \"Kenny Lofton\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":85,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"86"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what 's the name of the little turtle in finding nemo"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Squirt"],"string":"[\n \"Squirt\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1803395","text":"the way, they encounter a bloom of jellyfish that traps and nearly stings them to death. Marlin loses consciousness and awakens on the back of a sea turtle named Crush, who shuttles Marlin and Dory on the East Australian Current. Marlin tells the story of his journey to a group of young sea turtles led by Crush's son Squirt. News of his quest spreads across the ocean. Near the harbor, a pelican named Nigel flies to the dentist's office and brings news of Marlin's efforts. Inspired, Nemo makes a second attempt to jam the filter. He succeeds, but the dentist","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"1803395","text":"the way, they encounter a bloom of jellyfish that traps and nearly stings them to death. Marlin loses consciousness and awakens on the back of a sea turtle named Crush, who shuttles Marlin and Dory on the East Australian Current. Marlin tells the story of his journey to a group of young sea turtles led by Crush's son Squirt. News of his quest spreads across the ocean. Near the harbor, a pelican named Nigel flies to the dentist's office and brings news of Marlin's efforts. Inspired, Nemo makes a second attempt to jam the filter. He succeeds, but the dentist","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"10754829","text":"\"Finding Nemo\", themed as Sydney Harbour, where Crush and his sea friends invite guests to climb aboard turtle shells for a ride through memorable scenes from the movie. The ride starts off with shells \"diving\" into the ocean. The first part of the attraction is a dark ride taking guests to the Great Barrier Reef, where they meet Nemo and Squirt, then to the darkness of the depths, which the sunlight cannot reach and where they encounter the voracious glowfish, and finally to the Sunken Submarine surrounded by an army of jellyfish where they meet the sharks and their chief,","title":"Crush's Coaster"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803395\",\n \"text\": \"the way, they encounter a bloom of jellyfish that traps and nearly stings them to death. Marlin loses consciousness and awakens on the back of a sea turtle named Crush, who shuttles Marlin and Dory on the East Australian Current. Marlin tells the story of his journey to a group of young sea turtles led by Crush's son Squirt. News of his quest spreads across the ocean. Near the harbor, a pelican named Nigel flies to the dentist's office and brings news of Marlin's efforts. Inspired, Nemo makes a second attempt to jam the filter. He succeeds, but the dentist\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803395\",\n \"text\": \"the way, they encounter a bloom of jellyfish that traps and nearly stings them to death. Marlin loses consciousness and awakens on the back of a sea turtle named Crush, who shuttles Marlin and Dory on the East Australian Current. Marlin tells the story of his journey to a group of young sea turtles led by Crush's son Squirt. News of his quest spreads across the ocean. Near the harbor, a pelican named Nigel flies to the dentist's office and brings news of Marlin's efforts. Inspired, Nemo makes a second attempt to jam the filter. He succeeds, but the dentist\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10754829\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\", themed as Sydney Harbour, where Crush and his sea friends invite guests to climb aboard turtle shells for a ride through memorable scenes from the movie. The ride starts off with shells \\\"diving\\\" into the ocean. The first part of the attraction is a dark ride taking guests to the Great Barrier Reef, where they meet Nemo and Squirt, then to the darkness of the depths, which the sunlight cannot reach and where they encounter the voracious glowfish, and finally to the Sunken Submarine surrounded by an army of jellyfish where they meet the sharks and their chief,\",\n \"title\": \"Crush's Coaster\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"5265329","text":"into a new pavilion based on the recently released Pixar film \"Finding Nemo\". The majority of the transformation began with exterior elements, but in January 2004, the interior began to change as well. On November 16, 2004, Turtle Talk with Crush opened in what was once Module 1C, or the Earth Systems exhibit. The show's unexpected success overwhelmed the pavilion, causing the development of plans to move Turtle Talk with Crush to a larger area in the pavilion. Turtle Talk with Crush was only the beginning of changes to The Living Seas. On August 21, 2005, The Living Seas closed","title":"The Seas with Nemo & Friends"},{"docid":"6689111","text":"what is your name?\"). Other events may occur during this improvised conversation, including cameo appearances by other characters from the original film and its sequel. Though the format, structure and rough duration of the show are consistent, the show itself varies considerably depending on the guests' questions and comments. For example, if an audience member asks where Dory is, a special ending involving Dory and Destiny will be triggered, complete with another attempt by Dory and her friend Destiny to speak whale. Crush will also refer to the Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage when asked where Nemo is, saying he is","title":"Turtle Talk with Crush"},{"docid":"5265330","text":"for its transformation into The Seas with Nemo & Friends. Parts of the pavilion reopened in late November 2005. Outside the pavilion, the facade and mural were changed and depictions of sea life seen in \"Finding Nemo\" were added. The exit Hydrolators had been removed, and were replaced with glass doors that served as an exit and temporary entrance. Sea Base Alpha had been re-themed to \"Finding Nemo\" and the entire original preshow area was in the process of being rebuilt. Decor and signage was replaced and scientific displays were replaced by ones themed to \"Finding Nemo\". Turtle Talk with","title":"The Seas with Nemo & Friends"},{"docid":"6689109","text":"operating twice a day by volunteering Cast Members. It was featured in the advertisement for the new \"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage\" submarine-shaped tour in 2007 before the Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage opened to the public in 2007. Guests are admitted to a movie theater-like room featuring what appears to be a large aquarium-style window opening onto an undersea vista. Children are encouraged to sit on a carpeted area up front so that they may have a better view, while parents and other adults sit on benches behind them. The host and moderator gives a brief introduction to the show, and","title":"Turtle Talk with Crush"},{"docid":"1803429","text":"including: Turtle Talk with Crush, which opened in 2004 at Epcot, 2005 in Disney California Adventure Park, 2008 in Hong Kong Disneyland, and 2009 in Tokyo DisneySea; Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, which opened in 2007 in Disneyland Park; The Seas with Nemo & Friends, which opened in 2007 at Epcot; \"Finding Nemo – The Musical\", which opened in 2007 in Disney's Animal Kingdom; and Crush's Coaster, which opened in 2007 at Walt Disney Studios Park. In 2005, after disagreements between Disney's Michael Eisner and Pixar's Steve Jobs over the distribution of Pixar's films, Disney announced that they would be creating","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"17199782","text":"Jewel of Morro Bay across the ocean in California, thanks to Nemo mentioning its name. Marlin and Nemo accompany Dory. With the help of Crush, their sea turtle friend, they ride a water current to California. Upon arrival, they explore a shipwreck full of destroyed cargo, where Dory accidentally awakens a giant squid, who immediately pursues them and almost devours Nemo. Marlin berates Dory for endangering them. Her feelings hurt, Dory travels to the surface to seek help and is captured by staff members from the nearby Marine Life Institute after getting entangled in six pack rings. Dory is placed","title":"Finding Dory"},{"docid":"12888926","text":"Other attractions include the Sorcerer’s Workshop and Turtle Talk with Crush. The Sorcerer’s Workshop features the Magic Mirror Realm which features interactive animation exhibits and allows guests to create simple animated drawings. Guests can figure out what \"personality most resembles\" them in the Beast’s Library. Lastly, guests can \"gather 'round a window to the Pacific\" for a live chat with Crush the turtle from \"Finding Nemo\". Hong Kong Disneyland is where Art of Animation is located. As part of the expansion of the park in summer 2008, the attraction replaced The Disneyland Story presenting How Mickey Mouse Came to Hong","title":"Art of Disney Animation"},{"docid":"6689110","text":"then Crush swims down to appear in the window. Crush looks and sounds much as he does in \"Finding Nemo\", complete with animated facial expressions and subtle gestures. With the help of the moderator, Crush selects children and adults from the audience and engages them individually in dialogue, asking them questions and responding with quick wit and humor to questions about his life as a sea turtle or any other questions guests choose to ask. Crush individually chooses the children by saying what they are wearing (e.g.: \"Oh hey, dudette in the pink shell (shirt) down on the sub floor,","title":"Turtle Talk with Crush"},{"docid":"12634211","text":"Little Nemo (band) Little Nemo is a French rock band formed in 1983 and originating from the region of Paris (Vallée de Chevreuse). The name of the band was directly inspired by the comic \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\". They and fellow coldwave bands Mary Goes Round and Asylum Party were part of the \"Touching Pop\" movement. The band was originally composed of Olivier Champeau (vocals, keyboards) and Vincent Le Gallo (vocals, guitar, bass). Their first releases were two cassettes, \"La Cassette Froide\" (1986) and \"Past and Future\" (1987). Before the recording of their first EP, 1988's \"Private Life\", the pair","title":"Little Nemo (band)"},{"docid":"4786177","text":"creative officer of Pixar and Disney Animation) in his role as Principal Creative Advisor for Imagineering. On July 15, 2005, two days before the 50th Anniversary of Disneyland, the Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage was officially announced at the new Turtle Talk with Crush attraction at Disney California Adventure by then-Walt Disney Parks and Resorts President, Jay Rasulo. For the attraction the Imagineers used more than thirty tons of recycled crushed glass to \"paint\" the coral and rockwork in the lagoon. Imagineers also created more than forty colors for the lagoon area such as Yamber (a cross between yam and amber),","title":"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage"},{"docid":"17211673","text":"him all the way to Sydney Harbour. Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and let little Nemo take care of himself. \"Finding Dory\" is the seventeenth Pixar film. The film focuses on the amnesiac character Dory, (voiced by Ellen DeGeneres) who travels to California to find her long-lost parents, Jenny and Charlie, as well as exploring the idea of her being reunited with her family. It takes place one year after \"Finding Nemo\" and is set off the coast of Morro Bay, California. Director Andrew Stanton commented in June 2016 about the possibility of a third \"Finding Nemo\"","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"6689114","text":"2016, Turtle Talk with Crush got an update to add characters from \"Finding Dory\". Turtle Talk with Crush Turtle Talk with Crush is a talk show type attraction that has appeared at several of the Disney theme parks. It first opened on November 16, 2004 at \"The Living Seas\" pavilion (later renamed as \"The Seas with Nemo & Friends\") at Epcot, and was duplicated at Disney California Adventure in July 2005. The attraction was open in Hong Kong Disneyland from May 24 to August 10, 2008 as part of the \"Nonstop Summer Fun\" celebration. The attraction opened in Tokyo DisneySea","title":"Turtle Talk with Crush"},{"docid":"17211682","text":"stars from Soundtrack.net. Finding Nemo (franchise) Finding Nemo is a CGI animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the 2003 film of the same name, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The original film was followed by a sequel, \"Finding Dory\", released in 2016. Both films are directed by Andrew Stanton. \"Finding Nemo\" is the fifth Pixar film. The film tells the story of a clownfish named Nemo (voiced by Alexander Gould) who gets abducted, his over-protective father Marlin (voiced by Albert Brooks) who, along with a regal tang named Dory (voiced by Ellen","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"17211672","text":"Finding Nemo (franchise) Finding Nemo is a CGI animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the 2003 film of the same name, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The original film was followed by a sequel, \"Finding Dory\", released in 2016. Both films are directed by Andrew Stanton. \"Finding Nemo\" is the fifth Pixar film. The film tells the story of a clownfish named Nemo (voiced by Alexander Gould) who gets abducted, his over-protective father Marlin (voiced by Albert Brooks) who, along with a regal tang named Dory (voiced by Ellen DeGeneres), searches for","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"5265332","text":"the preshow theatre, but the final section still took place inside the tank. A new projection technology was added to the tank and the new show scenes. The existing Seacabs were given a clamshell shape and renamed \"Clamobiles\". Three Audio-Animatronic seagulls were also added to the entrance. They periodically flap their wings and say \"Mine! Mine! Mine!\", just like the seagulls do in \"Finding Nemo\". On October 10, 2006, the construction walls in front of the entrance to The Living Seas, now The Seas with Nemo & Friends, were removed. The temporary entrance was removed from the exit. Turtle Talk","title":"The Seas with Nemo & Friends"},{"docid":"6689108","text":"attraction consists of an improvisational, real-time conversation with Crush, the green sea turtle character is voiced by Andrew Stanton from the 2003 Disney·Pixar film \"Finding Nemo\". A similar version is also featured in the \"Animator's Palate\" restaurant on the \"Disney Dream\" and Disney Fantasy cruise ships operated by Disney Cruise Line. In addition, another Turtle Talk with Crush unit was donated to the new CHOC Bill Holmes Hospital by Walt Disney Imagineering during early 2013 to entertain the child patients and their siblings. This was the first attraction created by Imagineering to be placed in a non-Disney environment, but is","title":"Turtle Talk with Crush"},{"docid":"4327596","text":"stated that the title is Latin for \"nobody\" and the song is based on his occasional feelings of being lost, longing for the past and feeling nameless. This contradicts speculations that the song simply borrows on a Nemo character of an earlier work, such as J. Verne’s Captain Nemo, Homer’s Ulysses alias Nemo, C. Dickens’ Captain Hawdon alias Nemo, W. McCay’s Little Nemo, or the Disney Studio’s film \"Finding Nemo\". Asked about that T. Holopainen responded: Nemo is the most played song by Nightwish, with well over 500 times as of March 2018. \"Once\" topped the album charts in Finland","title":"Nemo (song)"},{"docid":"8298503","text":"Finding Nemo (video game) Finding Nemo is a 2003 action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales, and Vicarious Visions. The game is based on the 2003 film of the same name by Disney and Pixar. The Game Boy Advance version was also released on a Twin Pack cartridge bundled with Monsters, Inc. in 2005. This game was developed for GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales until Lego The Incredibles in 2018. The goal is to complete different levels under the roles of film protagonists Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes","title":"Finding Nemo (video game)"},{"docid":"1803413","text":"\"Monsters, Inc.\"—Nemo treats family audiences to a sweet, resonant story and breathtaking visuals. It may lack \"Monsters, Inc.\"s clever humor, but kids will identify with the spunky sea fish Nemo, and adults will relate to Marlin, Nemo's devoted dad.\" Bruce Westbrook of the \"Houston Chronicle\" gave the film an A-, saying \"\"Finding Nemo\" lives up to Pixar's high standards for wildly creative visuals, clever comedy, solid characters and an involving story.\" Tom Long of \"The Detroit News\" gave the film an A-, saying \"A simple test of humanity: If you don't laugh aloud while watching it, you've got a battery","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"10654041","text":"Bankhead National Forest. A little turtle, \"S. depressus\" can have a straight carapace length of as an adult, with a record length of . Both the common name and specific name refer to the fact that the species' carapace (upper shell) is much lower and flatter than those of the other members of the genus \"Sternotherus\". In fact the flattened musk turtle looks as if someone had accidentally stepped on it, hence the common name. Individuals of \"S. depressus\" have survived for more than 20 years in captivity. Although reproductive rates are low for the species, \"S. depressus\" has been","title":"Flattened musk turtle"},{"docid":"6591242","text":"by both the digital and physical puppet performers, allowing the digital and physical characters to interact. Walt Disney Imagineering has also been an important innovator in the field of digital puppetry, developing new technologies to enable visitors to Disney theme parks to interact with some of the company's famous animated characters. In 2004 they used digital puppetry techniques to create the Turtle Talk with Crush attractions at Epcot and Disney California Adventure Park. In the attraction, a hidden puppeteer performs and voices a digital puppet of Crush, the laid-back sea turtle from \"Finding Nemo\", on a large rear-projection screen. To","title":"Digital puppetry"},{"docid":"17262093","text":"for animated films. Within a few years of \"Nemo\"s release, Canadian Raoul Barré's registration pegs combined with American Earl Hurd's cel technology became near-universal methods in animation studios. In 1916, McCay himself adopted the cel method, beginning with his fourth film \"The Sinking of the Lusitania\" (1918). In 2009, \"Little Nemo\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". Little Nemo (1911 film) Little Nemo, also known as Winsor McCay: The Famous Cartoonist of the N.Y. Herald and His Moving Comics, is a 1911 silent","title":"Little Nemo (1911 film)"},{"docid":"8298515","text":"sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Finding Nemo (video game) Finding Nemo is a 2003 action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales, and Vicarious Visions. The game is based on the 2003 film of the same name by Disney and Pixar. The Game Boy Advance version was also released on a Twin Pack cartridge bundled with Monsters, Inc. in 2005. This game was developed for GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales until Lego The","title":"Finding Nemo (video game)"},{"docid":"12838386","text":"Finding Nemo – The Musical Finding Nemo – The Musical is a live action musical stage show based on Disney/Pixar's 2003 film \"Finding Nemo\", located at the Theater in the Wild in DinoLand U.S.A at Disney's Animal Kingdom. The stage musical Tarzan Rocks! occupied the Theater in the Wild at DinoLand USA in Disney's Animal Kingdom in Orlando, Florida from 1999 to 2006. When the musical closed in January 2006, it was rumored that a musical adaptation of Finding Nemo would replace it. This was confirmed in April 2006, when Disney announced that the musical adaptation of \"Finding Nemo\", with","title":"Finding Nemo – The Musical"},{"docid":"241321","text":"the strip's copyright, but McCay won a lawsuit that allowed him to continue using the characters. In the \"American\", the strip ran under the title \"In the Land of Wonderful Dreams\". The \"Herald\" was unsuccessful in finding another cartoonist to continue the original strip. McCay left Hearst in May 1924 and returned to the \"Herald Tribune\". He began \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" afresh that August 3. The new strip displayed the virtuoso technique of the old, but the panels were laid out in an unvarying grid. Nemo took a more passive role in the stories, and there was no continuity.","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"12838390","text":"and Dory, respectively. \"Avenue Q\" star Stephanie D'Abruzzo also appeared on the recording, as Sheldon/Deb. \"Finding Nemo\" was the first non-musical animated film to which Disney added songs to produce a stage musical. In 2009, \"Finding Nemo – The Musical\" was honored with a Thea Award for Best Live Show from the Themed Entertainment Association. Finding Nemo – The Musical Finding Nemo – The Musical is a live action musical stage show based on Disney/Pixar's 2003 film \"Finding Nemo\", located at the Theater in the Wild in DinoLand U.S.A at Disney's Animal Kingdom. The stage musical Tarzan Rocks! occupied the","title":"Finding Nemo – The Musical"},{"docid":"5620934","text":"published in a 1989 trade paperback edition (). It later appeared in a 1997 encyclopedia and a 2009 Italian collection. \"Little Ego\" is an adult-oriented, erotic parody of the classic \"Little Nemo\" comics. The main character, called Ego, is a woman seemingly in her middle twenties. As in \"Little Nemo\", each story is about her having a dream, and she wakes up in the last panel. Whereas Little Nemo talked to his mother after waking up, Little Ego thinks what she will tell her psychoanalyst. Every story in the \"Little Ego\" comic book involves erotic imagery, with Ego appearing half-naked","title":"Little Ego"},{"docid":"17262089","text":"McCay's drawings are in the heavily outlined Art Nouveau style familiar to the readers of his comics. Its expressive character animation differentiated \"Little Nemo\" from the films of Blackton and Cohl. There are no backgrounds; McCay's first film with backgrounds was 1914's \"Gertie the Dinosaur\". McCay demonstrated his mastery of linear perspective in scenes such as when the dragon disappears smoothly into the distance. The film's positive reception motivated McCay to hand-color each of the 35mm frames of the originally black-and-white film. The dragon chariot that carries off Nemo and the Princess originally appeared in three episodes of \"Little Nemo","title":"Little Nemo (1911 film)"},{"docid":"1803389","text":"Finding Nemo Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Written and directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Lee Unkrich, the film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould, and Willem Dafoe. It tells the story of the overprotective ocellaris clownfish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue tang named Dory, searches for his abducted son Nemo all the way to Sydney Harbour. Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and comes to terms with Nemo taking care of himself. \"Finding Nemo\"","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"5821934","text":"in many of the films, including Heimlich the caterpillar in \"A Bug's Life\", Wheezy the penguin in \"Toy Story 2\", and Jacques the shrimp in \"Finding Nemo\". In the movie \"Monsters, Inc.\", Ranft had a monster named after him (J.J. Ranft) as most of the scarers in the film were named for Pixar staff. Ranft used a German accent to voice Heimlich the caterpillar in \"A Bug's Life\" and a French accent to voice Jacques the shrimp in \"Finding Nemo\". He was also given lead story credit on \"The Brave Little Toaster\" (1987) and voiced Elmo St. Peters, the appliance","title":"Joe Ranft"},{"docid":"1803417","text":"fantasia, manages to trump the design glamour of earlier Pixar films.\" Lisa Schwarzbaum of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film an A, saying \"In this seamless blending of technical brilliance and storytelling verve, the Pixar team has made something as marvelously soulful and innately, fluidly American as jazz.\" Carrie Rickey of \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" gave the film three out of four, saying \"As eye-popping as Nemo's peepers and as eccentric as this little fish with asymmetrical fins.\" David Germain of the Associated Press gave the film a positive review, saying \"\"Finding Nemo\" is laced with smart humor and clever gags, and","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"241338","text":"Little Nemo's. In Moore (and J.H. Williams III)'s \"Promethea\", a more direct pastiche – \"Little Margie in Misty Magic Land\" – showed Moore's inspiration and debt to McCay's landmark 1905 strip. The Sandman series occasionally references \"Little Nemo\" as well. Examples include \"\", where an abused child escapes into dreams styled after McCay's comics and using a similar 'wake-up' mechanism, and \"\" (pub. 1996), which features George Alec Effinger's short \"Seven Nights in Slumberland\" (where Nemo interacts with Neil Gaiman's characters The Endless). In 1989, teen comic book Power Pack ran an issue (#47) which paid direct homage to one","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"12095896","text":"first nine years, Vídeo Brinquedo distributed home video releases of shows such as \"Sonic X\" and \"The Little Lulu Show\" in the Brazilian market. One of the studio's early distributions was an obscure religious-themed cartoon called \"United Submarine\"; this title sold only a few copies until the release of the 2003 Pixar film \"Finding Nemo\". \"United Submarine\" and \"Finding Nemo\" had several similarities, such as the presence of a clownfish and a story centered on parent-child relationship. From the huge number of sales the company had on the cartoon, Brinquedo wanted to start not only distributing cartoons but also create","title":"Vídeo Brinquedo"},{"docid":"17211681","text":"at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Orlando, Florida. It is a musical adaption of the film with new songs written by Tony Award-winning Avenue Q composer Robert Lopez and his wife, Kristen Anderson-Lopez. It would \"combine puppets, dancers, acrobats and animated backdrops\". In August 2016, Egmont Publishing launched a magazine, titled \"Finding Dory\". \"Finding Nemo\" is the soundtrack album of the film of the same name. The soundtrack was scored by Thomas Newman. The score was nominated for the 76th Academy Awards for Best Original Score but lost against \"\". It received 5/5 stars from the Film Score Reviews and 3.5/5","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"1803412","text":"sophisticated wit raise \"Finding Nemo\" to a level just below the peaks of Pixar's \"Toy Story\" movies and \"Monsters, Inc.\".\" Terry Lawson of the \"Detroit Free Press\" gave the film three out of four, saying \"As we now expect from Pixar, even the supporting fish in \"\"Finding Nemo\"\" are more developed as characters than any human in the \"Mission: Impossible\" movies.\" Claudia Puig of \"USA Today\" gave the film three and half out of four, saying \"\"Finding Nemo\" is an undersea treasure. The most gorgeous of all the Pixar films—which include \"Toy Story\" 1 and 2, \"A Bug's Life\" and","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"8298514","text":"the Game Boy Advance, GameCube and PlayStation 2 versions were ported and published by Yuke's on December 6, 2003, \"Famitsu\" gave it a score of 27 out of 40 for the PS2 version; and 26 out of 40 for the GameCube version. In the United States alone, \"Finding Nemo\"s Game Boy Advance version sold 1.2 million copies and earned $30 million by August 2006. During the period between January 2000 and August 2006, it was the 10th highest-selling game launched for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS or PlayStation Portable in that country. The PlayStation 2 version received a \"Platinum\"","title":"Finding Nemo (video game)"},{"docid":"1803426","text":"like Vanuatu. The Australian Tourism Commission (ATC) launched several marketing campaigns in China and the United States to improve tourism in Australia, many of them utilizing \"Finding Nemo\" clips. Queensland used \"Finding Nemo\" to draw tourists to promote its state for vacationers. According to \"National Geographic\", \"Ironically, Finding Nemo, a movie about the anguish of a captured clownfish, caused home-aquarium demand for them to triple.\" The reaction to the film by the general public has led to environmental devastation for the clownfish, and has provoked an outcry from several environmental protection agencies, including the Marine Aquarium Council, Australia. The demand","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"17211678","text":"respectively. In 2007, Disney Interactive Studios released \"Disney Friends\". It is a video game based on various Disney films. The game features characters Stitch from \"Lilo & Stitch\", Dory from \"Finding Nemo\", Pooh from \"Winnie the Pooh\", and Simba from \"The Lion King\". \"Kinect: Disneyland Adventures\" is a video game released in 2011 by Frontier Developments. The game is based in various Disneyland attractions. It was released on Kinect for Xbox 360. Characters from \"Finding Nemo\" appear as part of a minigame based on Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage. \"Nemo's Reef\" was a mobile game available from December 20, 2012 to","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"17211679","text":"June 30, 2017 by Disney Mobile. The game is a casual reef building which features characters from \"Finding Nemo\". It was released on Android and iOS devices. \"Disney Infinity\" was a video game series developed by Avalanche Software that ran from 2013 to 2016. Elements from \"Finding Nemo\" appeared throughout all three games in the series, with power discs based on the film released for the first game, and a playset based on \"Finding Dory\" along with Dory and Nemo figures released for the console versions of \"Disney Infinity 3.0\" in June 2016. The aforementioned playset and figures were the","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"4786172","text":"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage is an attraction located in the Tomorrowland area of Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, which opened on June 11, 2007. Based on the characters and settings of the 2003 Disney·Pixar film, \"Finding Nemo\", it is a re-theming of the classic Submarine Voyage attraction that operated from 1959 to 1998. The original Submarine Voyage was built in 1959 as part of the \"new\" Tomorrowland. The attraction was loosely based on the \"USS Nautilus\", the first nuclear-powered submarine, and its voyage to the North Pole in 1958. It closed on September 9, 1998. At","title":"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage"},{"docid":"4786191","text":"filmed from aboard the submarines before the attraction opened to the public, and includes a few minor features that were subsequently removed from the actual attraction. Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage is an attraction located in the Tomorrowland area of Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, which opened on June 11, 2007. Based on the characters and settings of the 2003 Disney·Pixar film, \"Finding Nemo\", it is a re-theming of the classic Submarine Voyage attraction that operated from 1959 to 1998. The original Submarine Voyage was built in 1959 as part of the \"new\" Tomorrowland. The attraction was","title":"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage"},{"docid":"4786176","text":"\"Finding Nemo\" would replace Submarine Voyage. The submarines were tested to see if new animated show scenes would be visible from the portholes. A mock-up of the new technology was created and a presentation was staged for Ouimet. In spite of the enormous price tag, Ouimet was impressed and the \"Finding Nemo\" theme for the Submarine Voyage was given the green light. This was the first major theme park project for Bob Iger, who became CEO of The Walt Disney Company in 2005, as well as the first major project for John Lasseter (executive producer of \"Finding Nemo\", and then-chief","title":"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage"},{"docid":"241320","text":"comics page, its timing and pacing, the size and shape of its panels, perspective, architectural and other detail. The \"Herald\" was considered to have the highest quality color printing of any newspaper at the time. Its printing staff used the Ben Day process for color. \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" debuted on the last page of the Sunday comics section of \"The New York Herald\" on October 15, 1905. The full-page, color comic strip ran until July 23, 1911. In spring 1911, McCay moved to William Randolph Hearst's \"New York American\" and took \"Little Nemo\"s characters with him. The \"Herald\" held","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"1803392","text":"all but one of the eggs gone. He names this last egg \"Nemo\", a name that Coral had chosen. On the first day of school, the overprotective Marlin embarrasses Nemo during a field trip. While Marlin talks to the teacher, Mr. Ray, Nemo sneaks away from the reef toward a boat and is captured by a scuba diver. As the boat departs, one of the divers accidentally knocks his diving mask overboard. Marlin chases after the boat and meets Dory, a blue tang who suffers from short-term memory loss. The two encounter Bruce, Anchor and Chum, three reformed sharks who","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"17211677","text":"\"Finding Nemo\", its 2016 sequel, \"Finding Dory\" and the shorts \"Exploring the Reef\" and \"Marine Life Interviews\". \"Finding Nemo\" was released in 2003 by THQ. The goal in the game is to complete different levels under the roles of film protagonists Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cutscenes from the movie and each clip is based on a level. For example, Marlin and Dory hopping through a batch of jellyfish. The game received mixed reviews. It received 2/5 stars on GameSpy, 6.2/10 points on GameSpot and IGN gave it 7.0/10 and 6.0/10 on its PS2 and Xbox, and GameCube platforms,","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"1803428","text":"of its time, selling over 2 million units in its first two weeks of release. The film was then released on both Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on December 4, 2012, with both a 3-disc and a 5-disc set. \"Finding Nemo\" was the first Pixar film not to be scored by Randy Newman. The original soundtrack album, \"Finding Nemo\", was scored by Thomas Newman, his cousin, and released on May 20, 2003. The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score, losing to \"\". \"Finding Nemo\" has inspired numerous attractions and properties at Disney Parks around the world,","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"9481108","text":"log flume track creating what is now Splash Mountain. Indiana Jones Adventure was revealed on March 4, 1995, and was worked on by over 400 Imagineers. Baxter was one of the main supervisors of the project and led his own team of 100. They were responsible for designing the half-mile-long track that was built over the previous Eeyore parking lot as well as the different concepts for each room in the ride. Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage was opened on June 11, 2007. The track for Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage had previously existed as the new ride simply replaced its predecessor,","title":"Tony Baxter"},{"docid":"8298512","text":"his niece, but Nemo gets the idea to pretend to be dead so that the dentist will flush him down the toilet, which will take Nemo to the ocean. Marlin, Dory, and Nigel arrive at the office and are horrified to see Nemo \"dead\" before Nigel is thrown out. Gill saves Nemo from getting thrown in the trash can instead of the toilet and helps Nemo escape via the dentist's sink. Nemo travels his way through the sewers and manages to find an exit. After finding Dory, they quickly search for Marlin, who is thrilled to see his son alive.","title":"Finding Nemo (video game)"},{"docid":"1803403","text":"Marlin and Dory) was originally a friend of Nigel. They were going to play against each other with Nigel being neat and fastidious and Gerald being scruffy and sloppy. The filmmakers could not find an appropriate scene for them that did not slow the pace of the picture, so Gerald's character was minimized. Stanton himself provided the voice of Crush the sea turtle. He originally did the voice for the film's story reel, and assumed they would find an actor later. When Stanton's performance became popular in test screenings, he decided to keep his performance in the film. He recorded","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"10754827","text":"Crush's Coaster Crush's Coaster is a spinning roller coaster at Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris. The attraction officially opened on June 9, 2007 as part of an expansion project in Toon Studio, an area within Walt Disney Studios Park formerly known as Animation Courtyard. It is themed to the Disney-Pixar film \"Finding Nemo\" and named after Crush, a green sea turtle character from the film. Most of the roller coaster is enclosed and features dark ride special effects. Disneyland Paris – known as Disneyland Resort Paris at the time – began a placemaking project as early as 2006","title":"Crush's Coaster"},{"docid":"1803431","text":"the film scheduled to be released in 2016. The same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton called into question the accuracy of the reports. The message said, \"Didn't you all learn from \"Chicken Little\"? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling\". According to the report by \"The Hollywood Reporter\" published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory. In September 2012, Stanton confirmed, saying, \"What was immediately on the list was writing a second \"Carter\" movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"1803406","text":"McQueen, a Pixar animator who died of melanoma in October 2002. \"Finding Nemo\" shares many plot elements with \"Pierrot the Clownfish\", a children's book published in 2002, but allegedly conceived in 1995. The author, Franck Le Calvez, sued Disney for infringement of his intellectual rights and to bar \"Finding Nemo\" merchandise in France. The judge ruled against him, citing the color differences between Pierrot and Nemo. A video game based on the film was released in 2003, for PC, Xbox, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and Game Boy Advance. The goal of the game is to complete different levels under the","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"1791454","text":"Leonard suffers from anterograde amnesia after a traumatic attack in which his wife dies. He maintains his identity and shows very little retrograde amnesia. He also displays some of the daily memory problems that are experiences by most amnesics, such as forgetting names or where he is going. Another fairly accurate portrayal of memory disturbances is the non-human character Dory in \"Finding Nemo\" (2003). This fish, like Leonard, shows memory problems faced by most amnesics where she forgets names, has difficulty storing and recalling information, and often forgets what she is doing, or why she is doing something. Movies tend","title":"Recall (memory)"},{"docid":"876013","text":"his vaudeville act. Its good reception motivated him to hand-color each of the frames of the originally black-and-white animation. McCay had become frustrated with the \"Herald\", partly over money issues and partly because he perceived a lack of freedom. He accepted a higher-paying offer in spring 1911 from Hearst at the \"New York American\" and took \"Little Nemo\"s characters with him. The \"Herald\" held the strip's copyright, but McCay won a lawsuit that allowed him to continue using the characters, which he did under the title \"In the Land of Wonderful Dreams\". The \"Herald\" was unsuccessful in finding another cartoonist","title":"Winsor McCay"},{"docid":"1803407","text":"roles of Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cut scenes from the movie, and each clip is based on a level. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales. Upon release, the game received mixed reviews. A Game Boy Advance sequel, titled \"Finding Nemo: The Continuing Adventures\", was released in 2004. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 99% approval rating, with a rating average of 8.7/10, based on 261 reviews. The site's consensus reads: \"Breathtakingly lovely and grounded by the stellar efforts of a well-chosen cast, \"Finding Nemo\" adds another beautifully crafted gem to Pixar's","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"7921656","text":"a \"blues\" band, Ruff was genuinely impressed. In Season 3, Episode 4, Sam meets Senator Edward Kennedy. In season 5, episode 4, Crush the sea turtle from the movie \"Finding Nemo\" makes an appearance via Ruff's Fetch 3000. Andrew Stanton reprises his role as Crush here. In episode 2 of season 4, the host of Design Squad Nathan Ball appeared in a pole vault challenge. In episode 17 of season 4, Gary Sohmers, an appraiser for 13 seasons of Antiques Roadshow (U.S. TV series), made his appearance challenging two of the contestants to explore Brimfield Antiques and Collectibles Show in","title":"Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman"},{"docid":"1803416","text":"do some really cool stuff.\" Ann Hornaday of \"The Washington Post\" gave the film a positive review, saying \"\"Finding Nemo\" will engross kids with its absorbing story, brightly drawn characters and lively action, and grown-ups will be equally entertained by the film's subtle humor and the sophistication of its visuals.\" David Ansen of \"Newsweek\" gave the film a positive review, saying \"A visual marvel, every frame packed to the gills with clever details, \"Finding Nemo\" is the best big-studio release so far this year.\" Richard Corliss of \"Time\" gave the film a positive review, saying \"Nemo, with its ravishing underwater","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"13457267","text":"Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary) Turtle Creek is a tributary of the Little Miami River in Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio, which takes its name from this creek. Turtle Creek is named for Chief Little Turtle, of the Miami Indian Tribe Turtle Creek is a tributary within the Little Miami and Ohio River watersheds. Turtle Creek starts from the western plateau above the Little Miami River between Fort Ancient and Oregonia and flows westward through the city of Lebanon, with forks roughly following Wilmington and Oregonia Roads. West of Lebanon it turns south and empties into the Little Miami","title":"Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary)"},{"docid":"6717841","text":"Artists Theatres as part of a Kidtoon Films family matinées promotion. It was only shown on weekends. After the film's release, Fujioka decided to retire from the animation business. TMS, having to recoup \"Little Nemo\"s losses, increased production on locally based anime programs and became highly involved in animation for western-based productions, including \"Tiny Toon Adventures\", \"Animaniacs\", and \"\". Since the early 2000s, TMS has no longer supplied animation services to western studios due to increasingly demanding costs. The studio has never again attempted a project like \"Akira\" or \"Nemo\". The studio still does features, but primarily films spinning off","title":"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland"},{"docid":"241331","text":"The fantasy world is a dark and dismal beach, and Nemo encounters characters from other works of fiction rather than those from the original strip. Instead of Flip or the Princess, Nemo meets Zorro, Alice and Jules Verne's Nautilus (which was led by Captain Nemo). A joint American-Japanese feature-length film \"\" was released in 1989, with contributions by Ray Bradbury, Chris Columbus and Moebius, and music by the Sherman Brothers. The story tells of a quest by Nemo and friends to rescue King Morpheus from the Nightmare King. The Princess is given a name, Camille, and Nemo has a pet","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"2429034","text":"formats from traditional comic panels to faux advertisements and cut-out toys. Stylistic influences include advertising graphics from that same era; newspaper strip cartoonists Winsor McCay (\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\") and Frank King (\"Gasoline Alley\"); Charles Schulz's post-WWII strip \"Peanuts\" and the cover designs of ragtime-era sheet music. Ware has spoken about finding inspiration in the work of artist Joseph Cornell and cites Richard McGuire's strip \"Here\" as a major influence on his use of non-linear narratives. Ware has said of his own style:I arrived at my way of \"working\" as a way of visually approximating what I feel the tone","title":"Chris Ware"},{"docid":"241334","text":"& Co. published a Little Nemo children's storybook. \"Little Nemo in Slumberland in 3-D\" was released by Blackthorne Publishing in 1987; this reprinted Little Nemo issues with 3-D glasses. A set of 30 Little Nemo postcards was available through Stewart Tabori & Chang in 1996. In 1993, as promotion for the 1989 animated film, Hemdale produced a Collector's Set which includes a VHS movie, illustrated storybook, and cassette soundtrack. In 2001, Dark Horse Comics released a Little Nemo statue and tin lunchbox. Little Nemo itself is influenced by children stories in general, and some French comic pages in particular. Since","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"13457270","text":"County. It was later sold and abandoned due to limited flow of water in the dry months. Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary) Turtle Creek is a tributary of the Little Miami River in Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio, which takes its name from this creek. Turtle Creek is named for Chief Little Turtle, of the Miami Indian Tribe Turtle Creek is a tributary within the Little Miami and Ohio River watersheds. Turtle Creek starts from the western plateau above the Little Miami River between Fort Ancient and Oregonia and flows westward through the city of Lebanon, with forks roughly","title":"Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary)"},{"docid":"20151657","text":"Nemo & Friends SeaRider Nemo & Friends SeaRider is a simulator ride at Tokyo DisneySea at Tokyo Disney Resort. It is based on the Disney/Pixar film \"Finding Nemo\" and its sequel \"Finding Dory\". Nemo & Friends SeaRider utilizes the same ride system as its predecessor, StormRider. The attraction is located in the Marine Life Institute at the heart of Port Discovery. Scientists at the Institute have created a substance called “Chidiminium” which can conduct electricity and shrink materials. This new material is used to safely shrink the SeaRider, a fish-shaped submarine with guests inside. The SeaRider boasts artificial fish intelligence","title":"Nemo & Friends SeaRider"},{"docid":"17211675","text":"\"Finding Nemo\" is the second highest-grossing film of 2003, behind \"\". It was the highest-grossing Pixar film, up until 2010 when \"Toy Story 3\" surpassed it. \"Finding Dory\" is the third-highest-grossing film of 2016, behind \"Civil War\" and \"Rogue One\". Finding Nemo is the 6th highest-grossing animated franchise and holds the highest average box office gross per film among all animated franchises in box office history ($983.8million) . Both films received overwhelmingly positive reviews, with the first film winning the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. It was a financial blockbuster as it grossed over $921 million worldwide. It is","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"829635","text":"against Native American forces (St. Claires Defeat). Little Turtle's native name in historic records was spelled in a variety of ways, including Michikinikwa, Meshekunnoghquoh, Michikinakoua, Michikiniqua, Me-She-Kin-No-Quah, Meshecunnaquan, and Mischecanocquah. Mihšihkinaahkwa is the correct phonemic spelling of the name in the Miami-Illinois language. Little Turtle is an English translation of \"mihšihkinaahkwa\", the phonetic spelling of his name in the Miami-Illinois language. In his language the word names a species of terrapin, probably the Midland Painted Turtle. There is no diminutive on this name in the original Miami-Illinois language. There is little documentary evidence for most of Little Turtle's life. The","title":"Little Turtle"},{"docid":"17211674","text":"film, stating: As of September 2018, there has been no further word on the future of the franchise. \"Exploring the Reef\" is a short documentary film. It features Jean-Michel Cousteau, exploring the Great Barrier Reef, but Marlin, Dory, and Nemo keep interrupting him. The short film is included on the second disc of the \"Finding Nemo\" DVD. \"Marine Life Interviews\" focuses on some of the supporting characters within \"Finding Dory\" as they give brief interviews and thoughts on Dory herself. The short is included on the DVD and Blu-Ray release of \"Finding Dory\". This is similar to Aardman's \"Creature Comforts\".","title":"Finding Nemo (franchise)"},{"docid":"5043829","text":"Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton (born December 3, 1965) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and voice actor based at Pixar, which he joined in 1990. His film work includes co-writing Pixar's \"A Bug's Life\" (1998) (as co-director), \"Finding Nemo\" (2003) and its sequel \"Finding Dory\" (2016), \"WALL-E\" (2008), and the live-action film, Disney's \"John Carter\" (2012). He also co-wrote all four \"Toy Story\" films and \"Monsters, Inc.\" (2001) \"Finding Nemo\" and \"WALL-E\" earned him two Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature. He was also nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay, for \"Finding Nemo\", \"WALL-E\", and \"Toy","title":"Andrew Stanton"},{"docid":"15170820","text":"FOX ★ Danielle Panabaker - \"The Guardian\" - CBS ★ Oliver Davis - \"E.R.\" - NBC ★ \"'Julian Clare - \"Days of Our Lives\" - NBC ★ Julie Kavner & Dan Castellaneta - \"The Simpsons\" - FOX ★ Josh Keaton - \"The Even Stevens Movie\" - Disney ★ Alexander Gould - \"Finding Nemo\" - Walt Disney/Pixar ★ - \"Finding Nemo\" - Walt Disney/Pixar ★ - Smart & Final ★ \"\" - Showtime ★ \"\"'\" - CTV ★ \"Whale Rider\" - New Zealand ★ \"Finding Nemo\" - Walt Disney/Pixar ★ \"School of Rock\" - Paramount Pictures ★ (tie) \"\" - New","title":"25th Young Artist Awards"},{"docid":"17584236","text":"audition before, Rachel came with a headshot (a picture of her singing into a microphone) and a resume with details of her tenure as an employee at the GAP. Potter was cast as Ariel in the Voyage of the Little Mermaid. She subsequently went on to perform as Belle in Beauty and the Beast, Nemo in Finding Nemo: The Musical, and a slew of other shows at Disney. In 2008, she made it in the Top 15 in the MTV reality show \"\". Potter played Wednesday Addams in the musical version of \"The Addams Family\". Later on, Potter was cast","title":"Rachel Potter"},{"docid":"16386715","text":"Vanessa Ray Vanessa Ray (née Liptak; born June 24, 1981) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role on \"Pretty Little Liars\" as CeCe Drake (Charlotte DiLaurentis), Jenny on the legal drama series \"Suits\", Teri Ciccone on \"As the World Turns\", and Officer Edit \"Eddie\" Janko on \"Blue Bloods\". Ray earned her Actor's Equity card while performing the role of Rusty and singing \"Let's Hear It For the Boy\" in the musical \"Footloose\". She originated the role of Nemo in Robert and Kristin Lopez's \"Finding Nemo: The Musical\" at Orlando's Disney World. Ray played the character","title":"Vanessa Ray"},{"docid":"829636","text":"exact year and place of his birth are uncertain, but sources generally indicate that he was born in 1747 or 1752, the years prior to or following the period that his parents lived in the Miami village of Pickawillany. Some historians give 1752 as his probable date of birth; others prefer 1747. The exact names of Little Turtle's parents have been long debated. Historian Andrew Cayton named Mishikinakwa (The Turtle) as his father and an unnamed Mohican refugee as his mother; however, Little Turtle biographer Harvey Carter indicated that Little Turtle's father was Cinquenackqua. Little Turtle was born in what","title":"Little Turtle"},{"docid":"241341","text":"interactive animated \"Google Doodle\" called \"Little Nemo in Google-land\" on its homepage. The doodle showed a typical Little Nemo adventure through a series of panels, each featuring a letter from the word \"Google\". The doodle also ends in the same way as the comic strips, with Nemo falling from his bed. At Universal's Islands of Adventure, at the Toon Lagoon section, Little Nemo can be seen falling out of his bed near a shop. Eric Shanower and Gabriel Rodriguez revived the characters in 2014 in an IDW comic book series entitled \"Little Nemo: Return to Slumberland\". That same year, Locust","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"1803422","text":"million), becoming the highest-grossing foreign animated film in local currency (yen). It has only been surpassed by \"Frozen\" (¥25.5 billion). Following in biggest grosses are the U.K., Ireland and Malta, where it grossed £37.2 million ($67.1 million), France and the Maghreb region ($64.8 million), Germany ($53.9 million), and Spain ($29.5 million). After the success of the 3D re-release of \"The Lion King\", Disney re-released \"Finding Nemo\" in 3D on September 14, 2012, with a conversion cost estimated to be below $5 million. For the opening weekend of its 3D re-release in North America, \"Finding Nemo\" grossed $16.7 million, debuting at","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"241309","text":"Little Nemo Little Nemo is a fictional character created by American cartoonist Winsor McCay. He originated in an early comic strip by McCay, \"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\", before receiving his own spin-off series, \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\". The full-page weekly strip depicted Nemo having fantastic dreams that were interrupted by his awakening in the final panel. The strip is considered McCay's masterpiece for its experiments with the form of the comics page, its use of color, its timing and pacing, the size and shape of its panels, perspective, architectural and other detail. \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" ran in the","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"6717842","text":"existing anime properties, which include the likes of \"Anpanman\" and \"Detective Conan\". The film was released on VHS through Hemdale Home Video, Inc. on March 2, 1993. It features a mail-in coupon worth $5.00, with purchases of Tropicana Orange Juice, along with an advert before the film produced by Pixar. Hemdale also produced a Collector's Set which includes a VHS movie, illustrated storybook, and cassette soundtrack. \"Nemo\" became the #4 best-selling children's title of 1993, with 1.5 million copies sold. On October 5, 2004, \"Little Nemo\" was released on DVD through Funimation (under the Our Time Family Entertainment name, and","title":"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland"},{"docid":"2173218","text":"the television project \"For Their Own Good\". She later starred in the comedy series \"Battery Park\" and has appeared in television and films including the 1994 remake of \"Miracle on 34th Street\" and 2000's \"28 Days\" starring as Sandra Bullock's sister. Perkins also had a small role in the 2003 film \"Finding Nemo\", voicing the clownfish who was the wife of Marlin and mother of Nemo, and who was killed by a barracuda at the beginning of the film. Perkins also appeared as a psychiatrist in the 2005 suspense thriller, \"The Ring Two\", starring Naomi Watts. She played Wilma Flintstone","title":"Elizabeth Perkins"},{"docid":"6717845","text":"titled \"Nemo\", was developed that same year. Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (released in Japan as simply and credited in some territories as Little Nemo) is a 1989 Japanese-American animated musical adventure fantasy film directed by Masami Hata and William Hurtz. Based on the comic strip \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" by Winsor McCay, the film went through a lengthy development process with a number of screenwriters. Ultimately, the screenplay was credited to Chris Columbus and Richard Outten; the storyline and art style differed from the original version. The original soundtrack was penned by the Academy","title":"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland"},{"docid":"241318","text":"apparent in the title lettering highlights what seems to be the little regard for the dialogue balloons, their content, and their placement in the visual composition. They tend to contain repetitive monologues expressing the increasing distress of the speakers, and showed that McCay's gift was in the visual and not the verbal. McCay used traditional ethnic stereotypes prominently in \"Little Nemo\", as in the ill-tempered Irishman Flip, and the nearly-mute African Impie. Winsor McCay ( – 1934) had worked prolifically as a commercial artist and cartoonist in carnivals and dime museums before he began working for newspapers and magazines in","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"8298513","text":"Shortly after, a fishing net catches Dory and several other fish and tries to pull them out of the water. Nemo comes up with an idea to get all the fish to swim down. This successfully breaks the net and frees them. After their adventure, Marlin is now not nearly overprotective of his son knowing he can look after himself. Dory also spends a lot of time with the two, and she accompanies Marlin as he takes Nemo to school. \"Finding Nemo\" received \"mixed or average reviews\" on all platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, where","title":"Finding Nemo (video game)"},{"docid":"17199826","text":"reefs on an enormous scale. In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the \"Toy Story\" films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels. Finding Dory Finding Dory is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Angus MacLane, the screenplay was written by Stanton and Victoria Strouse. The film is a sequel/spinoff to 2003's \"Finding Nemo\" and features the","title":"Finding Dory"},{"docid":"1803433","text":"that the film would be pushed back to a UK July 29, 2016 release. Pixar's \"The Good Dinosaur\" was moved to the November 25, 2015 slot to allow more time for production of the film. Finding Nemo Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Written and directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Lee Unkrich, the film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould, and Willem Dafoe. It tells the story of the overprotective ocellaris clownfish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue","title":"Finding Nemo"},{"docid":"17199779","text":"Finding Dory Finding Dory is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Angus MacLane, the screenplay was written by Stanton and Victoria Strouse. The film is a sequel/spinoff to 2003's \"Finding Nemo\" and features the returning voices of Ellen DeGeneres and Albert Brooks, with Hayden Rolence (replacing Alexander Gould), Ed O'Neill, Kaitlin Olson, Ty Burrell, Diane Keaton, and Eugene Levy joining the cast. The film focuses on the amnesiac fish Dory, who journeys to be reunited with her parents. The film premiered","title":"Finding Dory"},{"docid":"241339","text":"of McCay's Nemo storylines, featuring a castle that was drawn sideways and Katie Power re-enacting a classic Nemo panel with a sideways-drawn hallway that served as a bottomless pit with the line \"Don't fall in, y'hear?\" \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" is also the inspiration for the video of the 1989 song \"Runnin' Down a Dream\" by Tom Petty. In 1994-1995, French artist Moebius wrote the story to a sequel comic series \"Little Nemo\", drawn by Bruno Marchand in two albums, 2000-2002, Marchand continued the story with two additional albums. In 2006, electronic artist Daedelus used Little Nemo artwork for his","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"5267500","text":"and off-Broadway shows. Lewis was in a long-term relationship with Nick Nolte. The two met during the filming of \"I'll Do Anything\". She is married to sound designer Philip G. Allen. Lewis's film appearances include roles in \"Finding Nemo\", \"Finding Dory\", \"MouseHunt\", \"Godzilla\", \"Pushing Tin\", 2007's \"California Dreaming\" with \"NewsRadio\" co-star Dave Foley, and 2010's \"Den Brother\". On television, Lewis starred for 5 seasons on the NBC sitcom \"NewsRadio\", followed by \"Three Sisters\" and the WB animated comedy \"Mission Hill\". She made guest appearances on \"Seinfeld\" (in the episodes \"The Secretary\" and \"The Race\") and \"Murphy Brown\". In a recurring","title":"Vicki Lewis"},{"docid":"9192614","text":"Professor Genius Professor Genius is an American comics character, who originated in the comic strip \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" by Winsor McCay and other subsequent media. He is the right-hand man to King Morpheus, the ruler of Slumberland. His main jobs are to look after the Princess, Little Nemo, and of course make sure the King's things are in order. In the original \"Little Nemo\" comics, musical and vaudeville, Professor Genius appeared with a different personality and appearance as \"Dr. Pill.\" In the 1992 movie \"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\", Professor Genius is given the task of bringing Little Nemo","title":"Professor Genius"},{"docid":"8275234","text":"4:47 AM is substituted by Prima family. Its first show was \"Finding Nemo\". The network has been criticised for its biased anti-migrant position during the European migrant crisis. Prima televize Prima televize (previously Prima family, originally Premiéra) is a Czech private television station. Its channel is broadcast from Prague. Its current owner is FTV Prima, spol. s r. o., general manager Marek Singer. The channel has been broadcast since 26 November 1992. First only in Prague and Central Bohemia under the name FTV Premiéra; later Premiéra TV. It has held a broadcasting licence since 1994 with a condition that a","title":"Prima televize"},{"docid":"11323715","text":"is imprisoned and brought out to be attached to a brainwashing machine. Arronaux escaped his escort to the holding pens and is loose to try and pull everyone out. He finds nuclear missiles from the \"Scotia\" in the process. He is found and aided by Cooper, another abducted sailor. The crew is able to make it back to their ship in an escape attempt but one is lost to Nemo's gunmen. They find and board the \"Scotia\", finding that Nemo lied and much of the \"Scotia\"'s crew is still alive. Having reprogrammed the remote device Nemo had planted on the","title":"30,000 Leagues Under the Sea"},{"docid":"35152","text":"in the 2016 sequel \"Finding Dory\". \"Dory\" is Brooks's largest grossing film to date. In 1997, Brooks married artist Kimberly Shlain, daughter of surgeon and writer Leonard Shlain. They have two children, Jacob and Claire. Albert Brooks Albert Lawrence Brooks (born Albert Lawrence Einstein; July 22, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and director. He received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for 1987's \"Broadcast News\" and was widely praised for his performance in the 2011 film \"Drive\". His voice acting credits include Marlin in \"Finding Nemo\" (2003) and \"Finding Dory\" (2016), and recurring guest voices for","title":"Albert Brooks"},{"docid":"6717821","text":"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (released in Japan as simply and credited in some territories as Little Nemo) is a 1989 Japanese-American animated musical adventure fantasy film directed by Masami Hata and William Hurtz. Based on the comic strip \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" by Winsor McCay, the film went through a lengthy development process with a number of screenwriters. Ultimately, the screenplay was credited to Chris Columbus and Richard Outten; the storyline and art style differed from the original version. The original soundtrack was penned by the Academy Award-winning Sherman Brothers. A box office bomb","title":"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland"},{"docid":"241323","text":"called \"Nemo in Adventureland\" featuring grown-up versions of Nemo and the Princess. Neither project lasted long. In 1947, Robert and fabric salesman Irving Mendelsohn organized the McCay Feature Syndicate, Inc. to revive the original \"Nemo\" strip from McCay's original art, modified to fit the size of modern newspaper pages. This revival also did not last. In 1966, cartoonist Woody Gelman discovered the original artwork for many \"Little Nemo\" strips at a cartoon studio where McCay's son Bob had worked. In 1973, Gelman published a collection of \"Little Nemo\" strips in Italy. His collection of McCay originals is preserved at the","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"880136","text":"dish. The character awakens in the closing panel and regrets having eaten the rarebit. The dreams often reveal unflattering sides of the dreamers' psyches—their phobias, hypocrisies, discomforts, and dark fantasies. This was in great contrast to the colorful fantasy dreams in McCay's signature strip \"Little Nemo\", which he began in 1905. Whereas children were \"Nemo\"s target audience, McCay aimed \"Rarebit Fiend\" at adults. The popularity of \"Rarebit Fiend\" and \"Nemo\" led to McCay gaining a contract in 1911 with William Randolph Hearst's chain of newspapers with a star's salary. His editor there thought McCay's highly skilled cartooning \"serious, not funny\",","title":"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend"},{"docid":"19020540","text":"in the studio's history. Another TMS subsidiary, Telecom Animation Film, was founded in 1975, but didn't start production until after Tokyo Movie was restructured. In 1989, TMS released \"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\" in Japan and the United States. The movie was infamous for being in development hell with figures such as George Lucas, Chuck Jones, Hayao Miyazaki, and Gary Kurtz being involved with the movie before dropping out. The movie was released as a commercial failure, and in response to this, Fujioka decided to retire from the animation business. TMS, having to recoup \"Little Nemo\"s losses, increased production on","title":"TMS Entertainment"},{"docid":"241324","text":"Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum at Ohio State University. Collector Peter Maresca self-published a volume of \"Nemo\" Sundays as \"Little Nemo in Slumberland: So Many Splendid Sundays!\". The volume was large enough to reproduce the pages at the size they originally appeared in newspapers. Restoration work took Maresca five to twenty hours per page A second volume, \"Little Nemo in Slumberland: Many More Splendid Sundays!\", appeared in 2008. As early as 1905, several abortive attempts were made to put \"Little Nemo\" on stage. In summer 1907, Marcus Klaw and A. L. Erlanger announced they would put on an extravagant","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"241344","text":"passed to Mendelsohn, then later to daughter Marion. By the early twenty-first century, most of McCay's surviving artwork remained in family hands. Little Nemo Little Nemo is a fictional character created by American cartoonist Winsor McCay. He originated in an early comic strip by McCay, \"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\", before receiving his own spin-off series, \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\". The full-page weekly strip depicted Nemo having fantastic dreams that were interrupted by his awakening in the final panel. The strip is considered McCay's masterpiece for its experiments with the form of the comics page, its use of color, its","title":"Little Nemo"},{"docid":"8298505","text":"of the caves, she gives Nemo a pearl as a reward. Nemo puts it inside the clam, causing it to close and clearing the path. They soon come across a pile of rocks blocking the path and Nemo darts to break through them. Nemo's new friends challenge him to a race. Afterwards, they encounter some fish-eating clams. After Nemo defeats them, they finally make it to school. His teacher, Mr. Ray arrives and after getting to know Nemo, they depart on a field trip to the drop-off. Along the way, Nemo plays with his new friends on bouncy sponges and","title":"Finding Nemo (video game)"},{"docid":"5158447","text":"Little Nemo: The Dream Master Little Nemo: The Dream Master (known as in Japan) is a platform game released on the NES in 1990 by Capcom. It is based on the Japanese animated film, \"\" from Tokyo Movie Shinsha, which itself is based on the comic strip \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" by Winsor McCay. The game's music was composed by Junko Tamiya, credited in the game as \"Gonzou\". The game revolves around a young boy in his own surreal dreams as he journeys to Slumberland. Nemo can ride certain animals such as a frog, a gorilla, or a mole, by","title":"Little Nemo: The Dream Master"},{"docid":"5158443","text":"Little Nemo: The Dream Master Little Nemo: The Dream Master (known as in Japan) is a platform game released on the NES in 1990 by Capcom. It is based on the Japanese animated film, \"\" from Tokyo Movie Shinsha, which itself is based on the comic strip \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" by Winsor McCay. The game's music was composed by Junko Tamiya, credited in the game as \"Gonzou\". The game revolves around a young boy in his own surreal dreams as he journeys to Slumberland. Nemo can ride certain animals such as a frog, a gorilla, or a mole, by","title":"Little Nemo: The Dream Master"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"5265329\",\n \"text\": \"into a new pavilion based on the recently released Pixar film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". The majority of the transformation began with exterior elements, but in January 2004, the interior began to change as well. On November 16, 2004, Turtle Talk with Crush opened in what was once Module 1C, or the Earth Systems exhibit. The show's unexpected success overwhelmed the pavilion, causing the development of plans to move Turtle Talk with Crush to a larger area in the pavilion. Turtle Talk with Crush was only the beginning of changes to The Living Seas. On August 21, 2005, The Living Seas closed\",\n \"title\": \"The Seas with Nemo & Friends\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6689111\",\n \"text\": \"what is your name?\\\"). Other events may occur during this improvised conversation, including cameo appearances by other characters from the original film and its sequel. Though the format, structure and rough duration of the show are consistent, the show itself varies considerably depending on the guests' questions and comments. For example, if an audience member asks where Dory is, a special ending involving Dory and Destiny will be triggered, complete with another attempt by Dory and her friend Destiny to speak whale. Crush will also refer to the Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage when asked where Nemo is, saying he is\",\n \"title\": \"Turtle Talk with Crush\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5265330\",\n \"text\": \"for its transformation into The Seas with Nemo & Friends. Parts of the pavilion reopened in late November 2005. Outside the pavilion, the facade and mural were changed and depictions of sea life seen in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" were added. The exit Hydrolators had been removed, and were replaced with glass doors that served as an exit and temporary entrance. Sea Base Alpha had been re-themed to \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" and the entire original preshow area was in the process of being rebuilt. Decor and signage was replaced and scientific displays were replaced by ones themed to \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". Turtle Talk with\",\n \"title\": \"The Seas with Nemo & Friends\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6689109\",\n \"text\": \"operating twice a day by volunteering Cast Members. It was featured in the advertisement for the new \\\"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage\\\" submarine-shaped tour in 2007 before the Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage opened to the public in 2007. Guests are admitted to a movie theater-like room featuring what appears to be a large aquarium-style window opening onto an undersea vista. Children are encouraged to sit on a carpeted area up front so that they may have a better view, while parents and other adults sit on benches behind them. The host and moderator gives a brief introduction to the show, and\",\n \"title\": \"Turtle Talk with Crush\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803429\",\n \"text\": \"including: Turtle Talk with Crush, which opened in 2004 at Epcot, 2005 in Disney California Adventure Park, 2008 in Hong Kong Disneyland, and 2009 in Tokyo DisneySea; Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, which opened in 2007 in Disneyland Park; The Seas with Nemo & Friends, which opened in 2007 at Epcot; \\\"Finding Nemo – The Musical\\\", which opened in 2007 in Disney's Animal Kingdom; and Crush's Coaster, which opened in 2007 at Walt Disney Studios Park. In 2005, after disagreements between Disney's Michael Eisner and Pixar's Steve Jobs over the distribution of Pixar's films, Disney announced that they would be creating\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17199782\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel of Morro Bay across the ocean in California, thanks to Nemo mentioning its name. Marlin and Nemo accompany Dory. With the help of Crush, their sea turtle friend, they ride a water current to California. Upon arrival, they explore a shipwreck full of destroyed cargo, where Dory accidentally awakens a giant squid, who immediately pursues them and almost devours Nemo. Marlin berates Dory for endangering them. Her feelings hurt, Dory travels to the surface to seek help and is captured by staff members from the nearby Marine Life Institute after getting entangled in six pack rings. Dory is placed\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Dory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12888926\",\n \"text\": \"Other attractions include the Sorcerer’s Workshop and Turtle Talk with Crush. The Sorcerer’s Workshop features the Magic Mirror Realm which features interactive animation exhibits and allows guests to create simple animated drawings. Guests can figure out what \\\"personality most resembles\\\" them in the Beast’s Library. Lastly, guests can \\\"gather 'round a window to the Pacific\\\" for a live chat with Crush the turtle from \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". Hong Kong Disneyland is where Art of Animation is located. As part of the expansion of the park in summer 2008, the attraction replaced The Disneyland Story presenting How Mickey Mouse Came to Hong\",\n \"title\": \"Art of Disney Animation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6689110\",\n \"text\": \"then Crush swims down to appear in the window. Crush looks and sounds much as he does in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", complete with animated facial expressions and subtle gestures. With the help of the moderator, Crush selects children and adults from the audience and engages them individually in dialogue, asking them questions and responding with quick wit and humor to questions about his life as a sea turtle or any other questions guests choose to ask. Crush individually chooses the children by saying what they are wearing (e.g.: \\\"Oh hey, dudette in the pink shell (shirt) down on the sub floor,\",\n \"title\": \"Turtle Talk with Crush\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12634211\",\n \"text\": \"Little Nemo (band) Little Nemo is a French rock band formed in 1983 and originating from the region of Paris (Vallée de Chevreuse). The name of the band was directly inspired by the comic \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\". They and fellow coldwave bands Mary Goes Round and Asylum Party were part of the \\\"Touching Pop\\\" movement. The band was originally composed of Olivier Champeau (vocals, keyboards) and Vincent Le Gallo (vocals, guitar, bass). Their first releases were two cassettes, \\\"La Cassette Froide\\\" (1986) and \\\"Past and Future\\\" (1987). Before the recording of their first EP, 1988's \\\"Private Life\\\", the pair\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4786177\",\n \"text\": \"creative officer of Pixar and Disney Animation) in his role as Principal Creative Advisor for Imagineering. On July 15, 2005, two days before the 50th Anniversary of Disneyland, the Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage was officially announced at the new Turtle Talk with Crush attraction at Disney California Adventure by then-Walt Disney Parks and Resorts President, Jay Rasulo. For the attraction the Imagineers used more than thirty tons of recycled crushed glass to \\\"paint\\\" the coral and rockwork in the lagoon. Imagineers also created more than forty colors for the lagoon area such as Yamber (a cross between yam and amber),\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211673\",\n \"text\": \"him all the way to Sydney Harbour. Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and let little Nemo take care of himself. \\\"Finding Dory\\\" is the seventeenth Pixar film. The film focuses on the amnesiac character Dory, (voiced by Ellen DeGeneres) who travels to California to find her long-lost parents, Jenny and Charlie, as well as exploring the idea of her being reunited with her family. It takes place one year after \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" and is set off the coast of Morro Bay, California. Director Andrew Stanton commented in June 2016 about the possibility of a third \\\"Finding Nemo\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6689114\",\n \"text\": \"2016, Turtle Talk with Crush got an update to add characters from \\\"Finding Dory\\\". Turtle Talk with Crush Turtle Talk with Crush is a talk show type attraction that has appeared at several of the Disney theme parks. It first opened on November 16, 2004 at \\\"The Living Seas\\\" pavilion (later renamed as \\\"The Seas with Nemo & Friends\\\") at Epcot, and was duplicated at Disney California Adventure in July 2005. The attraction was open in Hong Kong Disneyland from May 24 to August 10, 2008 as part of the \\\"Nonstop Summer Fun\\\" celebration. The attraction opened in Tokyo DisneySea\",\n \"title\": \"Turtle Talk with Crush\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211682\",\n \"text\": \"stars from Soundtrack.net. Finding Nemo (franchise) Finding Nemo is a CGI animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the 2003 film of the same name, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The original film was followed by a sequel, \\\"Finding Dory\\\", released in 2016. Both films are directed by Andrew Stanton. \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" is the fifth Pixar film. The film tells the story of a clownfish named Nemo (voiced by Alexander Gould) who gets abducted, his over-protective father Marlin (voiced by Albert Brooks) who, along with a regal tang named Dory (voiced by Ellen\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211672\",\n \"text\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise) Finding Nemo is a CGI animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the 2003 film of the same name, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The original film was followed by a sequel, \\\"Finding Dory\\\", released in 2016. Both films are directed by Andrew Stanton. \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" is the fifth Pixar film. The film tells the story of a clownfish named Nemo (voiced by Alexander Gould) who gets abducted, his over-protective father Marlin (voiced by Albert Brooks) who, along with a regal tang named Dory (voiced by Ellen DeGeneres), searches for\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5265332\",\n \"text\": \"the preshow theatre, but the final section still took place inside the tank. A new projection technology was added to the tank and the new show scenes. The existing Seacabs were given a clamshell shape and renamed \\\"Clamobiles\\\". Three Audio-Animatronic seagulls were also added to the entrance. They periodically flap their wings and say \\\"Mine! Mine! Mine!\\\", just like the seagulls do in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". On October 10, 2006, the construction walls in front of the entrance to The Living Seas, now The Seas with Nemo & Friends, were removed. The temporary entrance was removed from the exit. Turtle Talk\",\n \"title\": \"The Seas with Nemo & Friends\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6689108\",\n \"text\": \"attraction consists of an improvisational, real-time conversation with Crush, the green sea turtle character is voiced by Andrew Stanton from the 2003 Disney·Pixar film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". A similar version is also featured in the \\\"Animator's Palate\\\" restaurant on the \\\"Disney Dream\\\" and Disney Fantasy cruise ships operated by Disney Cruise Line. In addition, another Turtle Talk with Crush unit was donated to the new CHOC Bill Holmes Hospital by Walt Disney Imagineering during early 2013 to entertain the child patients and their siblings. This was the first attraction created by Imagineering to be placed in a non-Disney environment, but is\",\n \"title\": \"Turtle Talk with Crush\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4327596\",\n \"text\": \"stated that the title is Latin for \\\"nobody\\\" and the song is based on his occasional feelings of being lost, longing for the past and feeling nameless. This contradicts speculations that the song simply borrows on a Nemo character of an earlier work, such as J. Verne’s Captain Nemo, Homer’s Ulysses alias Nemo, C. Dickens’ Captain Hawdon alias Nemo, W. McCay’s Little Nemo, or the Disney Studio’s film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". Asked about that T. Holopainen responded: Nemo is the most played song by Nightwish, with well over 500 times as of March 2018. \\\"Once\\\" topped the album charts in Finland\",\n \"title\": \"Nemo (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8298503\",\n \"text\": \"Finding Nemo (video game) Finding Nemo is a 2003 action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales, and Vicarious Visions. The game is based on the 2003 film of the same name by Disney and Pixar. The Game Boy Advance version was also released on a Twin Pack cartridge bundled with Monsters, Inc. in 2005. This game was developed for GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales until Lego The Incredibles in 2018. The goal is to complete different levels under the roles of film protagonists Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803413\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Monsters, Inc.\\\"—Nemo treats family audiences to a sweet, resonant story and breathtaking visuals. It may lack \\\"Monsters, Inc.\\\"s clever humor, but kids will identify with the spunky sea fish Nemo, and adults will relate to Marlin, Nemo's devoted dad.\\\" Bruce Westbrook of the \\\"Houston Chronicle\\\" gave the film an A-, saying \\\"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\" lives up to Pixar's high standards for wildly creative visuals, clever comedy, solid characters and an involving story.\\\" Tom Long of \\\"The Detroit News\\\" gave the film an A-, saying \\\"A simple test of humanity: If you don't laugh aloud while watching it, you've got a battery\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10654041\",\n \"text\": \"Bankhead National Forest. A little turtle, \\\"S. depressus\\\" can have a straight carapace length of as an adult, with a record length of . Both the common name and specific name refer to the fact that the species' carapace (upper shell) is much lower and flatter than those of the other members of the genus \\\"Sternotherus\\\". In fact the flattened musk turtle looks as if someone had accidentally stepped on it, hence the common name. Individuals of \\\"S. depressus\\\" have survived for more than 20 years in captivity. Although reproductive rates are low for the species, \\\"S. depressus\\\" has been\",\n \"title\": \"Flattened musk turtle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6591242\",\n \"text\": \"by both the digital and physical puppet performers, allowing the digital and physical characters to interact. Walt Disney Imagineering has also been an important innovator in the field of digital puppetry, developing new technologies to enable visitors to Disney theme parks to interact with some of the company's famous animated characters. In 2004 they used digital puppetry techniques to create the Turtle Talk with Crush attractions at Epcot and Disney California Adventure Park. In the attraction, a hidden puppeteer performs and voices a digital puppet of Crush, the laid-back sea turtle from \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", on a large rear-projection screen. To\",\n \"title\": \"Digital puppetry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17262093\",\n \"text\": \"for animated films. Within a few years of \\\"Nemo\\\"s release, Canadian Raoul Barré's registration pegs combined with American Earl Hurd's cel technology became near-universal methods in animation studios. In 1916, McCay himself adopted the cel method, beginning with his fourth film \\\"The Sinking of the Lusitania\\\" (1918). In 2009, \\\"Little Nemo\\\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \\\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\\\". Little Nemo (1911 film) Little Nemo, also known as Winsor McCay: The Famous Cartoonist of the N.Y. Herald and His Moving Comics, is a 1911 silent\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo (1911 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8298515\",\n \"text\": \"sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Finding Nemo (video game) Finding Nemo is a 2003 action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales, and Vicarious Visions. The game is based on the 2003 film of the same name by Disney and Pixar. The Game Boy Advance version was also released on a Twin Pack cartridge bundled with Monsters, Inc. in 2005. This game was developed for GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales until Lego The\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12838386\",\n \"text\": \"Finding Nemo – The Musical Finding Nemo – The Musical is a live action musical stage show based on Disney/Pixar's 2003 film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", located at the Theater in the Wild in DinoLand U.S.A at Disney's Animal Kingdom. The stage musical Tarzan Rocks! occupied the Theater in the Wild at DinoLand USA in Disney's Animal Kingdom in Orlando, Florida from 1999 to 2006. When the musical closed in January 2006, it was rumored that a musical adaptation of Finding Nemo would replace it. This was confirmed in April 2006, when Disney announced that the musical adaptation of \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", with\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo – The Musical\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241321\",\n \"text\": \"the strip's copyright, but McCay won a lawsuit that allowed him to continue using the characters. In the \\\"American\\\", the strip ran under the title \\\"In the Land of Wonderful Dreams\\\". The \\\"Herald\\\" was unsuccessful in finding another cartoonist to continue the original strip. McCay left Hearst in May 1924 and returned to the \\\"Herald Tribune\\\". He began \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" afresh that August 3. The new strip displayed the virtuoso technique of the old, but the panels were laid out in an unvarying grid. Nemo took a more passive role in the stories, and there was no continuity.\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12838390\",\n \"text\": \"and Dory, respectively. \\\"Avenue Q\\\" star Stephanie D'Abruzzo also appeared on the recording, as Sheldon/Deb. \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" was the first non-musical animated film to which Disney added songs to produce a stage musical. In 2009, \\\"Finding Nemo – The Musical\\\" was honored with a Thea Award for Best Live Show from the Themed Entertainment Association. Finding Nemo – The Musical Finding Nemo – The Musical is a live action musical stage show based on Disney/Pixar's 2003 film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", located at the Theater in the Wild in DinoLand U.S.A at Disney's Animal Kingdom. The stage musical Tarzan Rocks! occupied the\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo – The Musical\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5620934\",\n \"text\": \"published in a 1989 trade paperback edition (). It later appeared in a 1997 encyclopedia and a 2009 Italian collection. \\\"Little Ego\\\" is an adult-oriented, erotic parody of the classic \\\"Little Nemo\\\" comics. The main character, called Ego, is a woman seemingly in her middle twenties. As in \\\"Little Nemo\\\", each story is about her having a dream, and she wakes up in the last panel. Whereas Little Nemo talked to his mother after waking up, Little Ego thinks what she will tell her psychoanalyst. Every story in the \\\"Little Ego\\\" comic book involves erotic imagery, with Ego appearing half-naked\",\n \"title\": \"Little Ego\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17262089\",\n \"text\": \"McCay's drawings are in the heavily outlined Art Nouveau style familiar to the readers of his comics. Its expressive character animation differentiated \\\"Little Nemo\\\" from the films of Blackton and Cohl. There are no backgrounds; McCay's first film with backgrounds was 1914's \\\"Gertie the Dinosaur\\\". McCay demonstrated his mastery of linear perspective in scenes such as when the dragon disappears smoothly into the distance. The film's positive reception motivated McCay to hand-color each of the 35mm frames of the originally black-and-white film. The dragon chariot that carries off Nemo and the Princess originally appeared in three episodes of \\\"Little Nemo\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo (1911 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803389\",\n \"text\": \"Finding Nemo Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Written and directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Lee Unkrich, the film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould, and Willem Dafoe. It tells the story of the overprotective ocellaris clownfish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue tang named Dory, searches for his abducted son Nemo all the way to Sydney Harbour. Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and comes to terms with Nemo taking care of himself. \\\"Finding Nemo\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5821934\",\n \"text\": \"in many of the films, including Heimlich the caterpillar in \\\"A Bug's Life\\\", Wheezy the penguin in \\\"Toy Story 2\\\", and Jacques the shrimp in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". In the movie \\\"Monsters, Inc.\\\", Ranft had a monster named after him (J.J. Ranft) as most of the scarers in the film were named for Pixar staff. Ranft used a German accent to voice Heimlich the caterpillar in \\\"A Bug's Life\\\" and a French accent to voice Jacques the shrimp in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". He was also given lead story credit on \\\"The Brave Little Toaster\\\" (1987) and voiced Elmo St. Peters, the appliance\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Ranft\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803417\",\n \"text\": \"fantasia, manages to trump the design glamour of earlier Pixar films.\\\" Lisa Schwarzbaum of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" gave the film an A, saying \\\"In this seamless blending of technical brilliance and storytelling verve, the Pixar team has made something as marvelously soulful and innately, fluidly American as jazz.\\\" Carrie Rickey of \\\"The Philadelphia Inquirer\\\" gave the film three out of four, saying \\\"As eye-popping as Nemo's peepers and as eccentric as this little fish with asymmetrical fins.\\\" David Germain of the Associated Press gave the film a positive review, saying \\\"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\" is laced with smart humor and clever gags, and\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241338\",\n \"text\": \"Little Nemo's. In Moore (and J.H. Williams III)'s \\\"Promethea\\\", a more direct pastiche – \\\"Little Margie in Misty Magic Land\\\" – showed Moore's inspiration and debt to McCay's landmark 1905 strip. The Sandman series occasionally references \\\"Little Nemo\\\" as well. Examples include \\\"\\\", where an abused child escapes into dreams styled after McCay's comics and using a similar 'wake-up' mechanism, and \\\"\\\" (pub. 1996), which features George Alec Effinger's short \\\"Seven Nights in Slumberland\\\" (where Nemo interacts with Neil Gaiman's characters The Endless). In 1989, teen comic book Power Pack ran an issue (#47) which paid direct homage to one\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12095896\",\n \"text\": \"first nine years, Vídeo Brinquedo distributed home video releases of shows such as \\\"Sonic X\\\" and \\\"The Little Lulu Show\\\" in the Brazilian market. One of the studio's early distributions was an obscure religious-themed cartoon called \\\"United Submarine\\\"; this title sold only a few copies until the release of the 2003 Pixar film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". \\\"United Submarine\\\" and \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" had several similarities, such as the presence of a clownfish and a story centered on parent-child relationship. From the huge number of sales the company had on the cartoon, Brinquedo wanted to start not only distributing cartoons but also create\",\n \"title\": \"Vídeo Brinquedo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211681\",\n \"text\": \"at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Orlando, Florida. It is a musical adaption of the film with new songs written by Tony Award-winning Avenue Q composer Robert Lopez and his wife, Kristen Anderson-Lopez. It would \\\"combine puppets, dancers, acrobats and animated backdrops\\\". In August 2016, Egmont Publishing launched a magazine, titled \\\"Finding Dory\\\". \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" is the soundtrack album of the film of the same name. The soundtrack was scored by Thomas Newman. The score was nominated for the 76th Academy Awards for Best Original Score but lost against \\\"\\\". It received 5/5 stars from the Film Score Reviews and 3.5/5\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803412\",\n \"text\": \"sophisticated wit raise \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" to a level just below the peaks of Pixar's \\\"Toy Story\\\" movies and \\\"Monsters, Inc.\\\".\\\" Terry Lawson of the \\\"Detroit Free Press\\\" gave the film three out of four, saying \\\"As we now expect from Pixar, even the supporting fish in \\\"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\"\\\" are more developed as characters than any human in the \\\"Mission: Impossible\\\" movies.\\\" Claudia Puig of \\\"USA Today\\\" gave the film three and half out of four, saying \\\"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\" is an undersea treasure. The most gorgeous of all the Pixar films—which include \\\"Toy Story\\\" 1 and 2, \\\"A Bug's Life\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8298514\",\n \"text\": \"the Game Boy Advance, GameCube and PlayStation 2 versions were ported and published by Yuke's on December 6, 2003, \\\"Famitsu\\\" gave it a score of 27 out of 40 for the PS2 version; and 26 out of 40 for the GameCube version. In the United States alone, \\\"Finding Nemo\\\"s Game Boy Advance version sold 1.2 million copies and earned $30 million by August 2006. During the period between January 2000 and August 2006, it was the 10th highest-selling game launched for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS or PlayStation Portable in that country. The PlayStation 2 version received a \\\"Platinum\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803426\",\n \"text\": \"like Vanuatu. The Australian Tourism Commission (ATC) launched several marketing campaigns in China and the United States to improve tourism in Australia, many of them utilizing \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" clips. Queensland used \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" to draw tourists to promote its state for vacationers. According to \\\"National Geographic\\\", \\\"Ironically, Finding Nemo, a movie about the anguish of a captured clownfish, caused home-aquarium demand for them to triple.\\\" The reaction to the film by the general public has led to environmental devastation for the clownfish, and has provoked an outcry from several environmental protection agencies, including the Marine Aquarium Council, Australia. The demand\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211678\",\n \"text\": \"respectively. In 2007, Disney Interactive Studios released \\\"Disney Friends\\\". It is a video game based on various Disney films. The game features characters Stitch from \\\"Lilo & Stitch\\\", Dory from \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", Pooh from \\\"Winnie the Pooh\\\", and Simba from \\\"The Lion King\\\". \\\"Kinect: Disneyland Adventures\\\" is a video game released in 2011 by Frontier Developments. The game is based in various Disneyland attractions. It was released on Kinect for Xbox 360. Characters from \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" appear as part of a minigame based on Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage. \\\"Nemo's Reef\\\" was a mobile game available from December 20, 2012 to\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211679\",\n \"text\": \"June 30, 2017 by Disney Mobile. The game is a casual reef building which features characters from \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". It was released on Android and iOS devices. \\\"Disney Infinity\\\" was a video game series developed by Avalanche Software that ran from 2013 to 2016. Elements from \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" appeared throughout all three games in the series, with power discs based on the film released for the first game, and a playset based on \\\"Finding Dory\\\" along with Dory and Nemo figures released for the console versions of \\\"Disney Infinity 3.0\\\" in June 2016. The aforementioned playset and figures were the\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4786172\",\n \"text\": \"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage is an attraction located in the Tomorrowland area of Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, which opened on June 11, 2007. Based on the characters and settings of the 2003 Disney·Pixar film, \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", it is a re-theming of the classic Submarine Voyage attraction that operated from 1959 to 1998. The original Submarine Voyage was built in 1959 as part of the \\\"new\\\" Tomorrowland. The attraction was loosely based on the \\\"USS Nautilus\\\", the first nuclear-powered submarine, and its voyage to the North Pole in 1958. It closed on September 9, 1998. At\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4786191\",\n \"text\": \"filmed from aboard the submarines before the attraction opened to the public, and includes a few minor features that were subsequently removed from the actual attraction. Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage is an attraction located in the Tomorrowland area of Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, which opened on June 11, 2007. Based on the characters and settings of the 2003 Disney·Pixar film, \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", it is a re-theming of the classic Submarine Voyage attraction that operated from 1959 to 1998. The original Submarine Voyage was built in 1959 as part of the \\\"new\\\" Tomorrowland. The attraction was\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4786176\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\" would replace Submarine Voyage. The submarines were tested to see if new animated show scenes would be visible from the portholes. A mock-up of the new technology was created and a presentation was staged for Ouimet. In spite of the enormous price tag, Ouimet was impressed and the \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" theme for the Submarine Voyage was given the green light. This was the first major theme park project for Bob Iger, who became CEO of The Walt Disney Company in 2005, as well as the first major project for John Lasseter (executive producer of \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", and then-chief\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241320\",\n \"text\": \"comics page, its timing and pacing, the size and shape of its panels, perspective, architectural and other detail. The \\\"Herald\\\" was considered to have the highest quality color printing of any newspaper at the time. Its printing staff used the Ben Day process for color. \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" debuted on the last page of the Sunday comics section of \\\"The New York Herald\\\" on October 15, 1905. The full-page, color comic strip ran until July 23, 1911. In spring 1911, McCay moved to William Randolph Hearst's \\\"New York American\\\" and took \\\"Little Nemo\\\"s characters with him. The \\\"Herald\\\" held\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803392\",\n \"text\": \"all but one of the eggs gone. He names this last egg \\\"Nemo\\\", a name that Coral had chosen. On the first day of school, the overprotective Marlin embarrasses Nemo during a field trip. While Marlin talks to the teacher, Mr. Ray, Nemo sneaks away from the reef toward a boat and is captured by a scuba diver. As the boat departs, one of the divers accidentally knocks his diving mask overboard. Marlin chases after the boat and meets Dory, a blue tang who suffers from short-term memory loss. The two encounter Bruce, Anchor and Chum, three reformed sharks who\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211677\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\", its 2016 sequel, \\\"Finding Dory\\\" and the shorts \\\"Exploring the Reef\\\" and \\\"Marine Life Interviews\\\". \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" was released in 2003 by THQ. The goal in the game is to complete different levels under the roles of film protagonists Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cutscenes from the movie and each clip is based on a level. For example, Marlin and Dory hopping through a batch of jellyfish. The game received mixed reviews. It received 2/5 stars on GameSpy, 6.2/10 points on GameSpot and IGN gave it 7.0/10 and 6.0/10 on its PS2 and Xbox, and GameCube platforms,\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803428\",\n \"text\": \"of its time, selling over 2 million units in its first two weeks of release. The film was then released on both Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on December 4, 2012, with both a 3-disc and a 5-disc set. \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" was the first Pixar film not to be scored by Randy Newman. The original soundtrack album, \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", was scored by Thomas Newman, his cousin, and released on May 20, 2003. The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score, losing to \\\"\\\". \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" has inspired numerous attractions and properties at Disney Parks around the world,\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9481108\",\n \"text\": \"log flume track creating what is now Splash Mountain. Indiana Jones Adventure was revealed on March 4, 1995, and was worked on by over 400 Imagineers. Baxter was one of the main supervisors of the project and led his own team of 100. They were responsible for designing the half-mile-long track that was built over the previous Eeyore parking lot as well as the different concepts for each room in the ride. Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage was opened on June 11, 2007. The track for Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage had previously existed as the new ride simply replaced its predecessor,\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Baxter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8298512\",\n \"text\": \"his niece, but Nemo gets the idea to pretend to be dead so that the dentist will flush him down the toilet, which will take Nemo to the ocean. Marlin, Dory, and Nigel arrive at the office and are horrified to see Nemo \\\"dead\\\" before Nigel is thrown out. Gill saves Nemo from getting thrown in the trash can instead of the toilet and helps Nemo escape via the dentist's sink. Nemo travels his way through the sewers and manages to find an exit. After finding Dory, they quickly search for Marlin, who is thrilled to see his son alive.\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803403\",\n \"text\": \"Marlin and Dory) was originally a friend of Nigel. They were going to play against each other with Nigel being neat and fastidious and Gerald being scruffy and sloppy. The filmmakers could not find an appropriate scene for them that did not slow the pace of the picture, so Gerald's character was minimized. Stanton himself provided the voice of Crush the sea turtle. He originally did the voice for the film's story reel, and assumed they would find an actor later. When Stanton's performance became popular in test screenings, he decided to keep his performance in the film. He recorded\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10754827\",\n \"text\": \"Crush's Coaster Crush's Coaster is a spinning roller coaster at Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris. The attraction officially opened on June 9, 2007 as part of an expansion project in Toon Studio, an area within Walt Disney Studios Park formerly known as Animation Courtyard. It is themed to the Disney-Pixar film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" and named after Crush, a green sea turtle character from the film. Most of the roller coaster is enclosed and features dark ride special effects. Disneyland Paris – known as Disneyland Resort Paris at the time – began a placemaking project as early as 2006\",\n \"title\": \"Crush's Coaster\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803431\",\n \"text\": \"the film scheduled to be released in 2016. The same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton called into question the accuracy of the reports. The message said, \\\"Didn't you all learn from \\\"Chicken Little\\\"? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling\\\". According to the report by \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory. In September 2012, Stanton confirmed, saying, \\\"What was immediately on the list was writing a second \\\"Carter\\\" movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803406\",\n \"text\": \"McQueen, a Pixar animator who died of melanoma in October 2002. \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" shares many plot elements with \\\"Pierrot the Clownfish\\\", a children's book published in 2002, but allegedly conceived in 1995. The author, Franck Le Calvez, sued Disney for infringement of his intellectual rights and to bar \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" merchandise in France. The judge ruled against him, citing the color differences between Pierrot and Nemo. A video game based on the film was released in 2003, for PC, Xbox, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and Game Boy Advance. The goal of the game is to complete different levels under the\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1791454\",\n \"text\": \"Leonard suffers from anterograde amnesia after a traumatic attack in which his wife dies. He maintains his identity and shows very little retrograde amnesia. He also displays some of the daily memory problems that are experiences by most amnesics, such as forgetting names or where he is going. Another fairly accurate portrayal of memory disturbances is the non-human character Dory in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" (2003). This fish, like Leonard, shows memory problems faced by most amnesics where she forgets names, has difficulty storing and recalling information, and often forgets what she is doing, or why she is doing something. Movies tend\",\n \"title\": \"Recall (memory)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"876013\",\n \"text\": \"his vaudeville act. Its good reception motivated him to hand-color each of the frames of the originally black-and-white animation. McCay had become frustrated with the \\\"Herald\\\", partly over money issues and partly because he perceived a lack of freedom. He accepted a higher-paying offer in spring 1911 from Hearst at the \\\"New York American\\\" and took \\\"Little Nemo\\\"s characters with him. The \\\"Herald\\\" held the strip's copyright, but McCay won a lawsuit that allowed him to continue using the characters, which he did under the title \\\"In the Land of Wonderful Dreams\\\". The \\\"Herald\\\" was unsuccessful in finding another cartoonist\",\n \"title\": \"Winsor McCay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803407\",\n \"text\": \"roles of Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cut scenes from the movie, and each clip is based on a level. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales. Upon release, the game received mixed reviews. A Game Boy Advance sequel, titled \\\"Finding Nemo: The Continuing Adventures\\\", was released in 2004. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 99% approval rating, with a rating average of 8.7/10, based on 261 reviews. The site's consensus reads: \\\"Breathtakingly lovely and grounded by the stellar efforts of a well-chosen cast, \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" adds another beautifully crafted gem to Pixar's\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7921656\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"blues\\\" band, Ruff was genuinely impressed. In Season 3, Episode 4, Sam meets Senator Edward Kennedy. In season 5, episode 4, Crush the sea turtle from the movie \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" makes an appearance via Ruff's Fetch 3000. Andrew Stanton reprises his role as Crush here. In episode 2 of season 4, the host of Design Squad Nathan Ball appeared in a pole vault challenge. In episode 17 of season 4, Gary Sohmers, an appraiser for 13 seasons of Antiques Roadshow (U.S. TV series), made his appearance challenging two of the contestants to explore Brimfield Antiques and Collectibles Show in\",\n \"title\": \"Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803416\",\n \"text\": \"do some really cool stuff.\\\" Ann Hornaday of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" gave the film a positive review, saying \\\"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\" will engross kids with its absorbing story, brightly drawn characters and lively action, and grown-ups will be equally entertained by the film's subtle humor and the sophistication of its visuals.\\\" David Ansen of \\\"Newsweek\\\" gave the film a positive review, saying \\\"A visual marvel, every frame packed to the gills with clever details, \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" is the best big-studio release so far this year.\\\" Richard Corliss of \\\"Time\\\" gave the film a positive review, saying \\\"Nemo, with its ravishing underwater\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13457267\",\n \"text\": \"Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary) Turtle Creek is a tributary of the Little Miami River in Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio, which takes its name from this creek. Turtle Creek is named for Chief Little Turtle, of the Miami Indian Tribe Turtle Creek is a tributary within the Little Miami and Ohio River watersheds. Turtle Creek starts from the western plateau above the Little Miami River between Fort Ancient and Oregonia and flows westward through the city of Lebanon, with forks roughly following Wilmington and Oregonia Roads. West of Lebanon it turns south and empties into the Little Miami\",\n \"title\": \"Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6717841\",\n \"text\": \"Artists Theatres as part of a Kidtoon Films family matinées promotion. It was only shown on weekends. After the film's release, Fujioka decided to retire from the animation business. TMS, having to recoup \\\"Little Nemo\\\"s losses, increased production on locally based anime programs and became highly involved in animation for western-based productions, including \\\"Tiny Toon Adventures\\\", \\\"Animaniacs\\\", and \\\"\\\". Since the early 2000s, TMS has no longer supplied animation services to western studios due to increasingly demanding costs. The studio has never again attempted a project like \\\"Akira\\\" or \\\"Nemo\\\". The studio still does features, but primarily films spinning off\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241331\",\n \"text\": \"The fantasy world is a dark and dismal beach, and Nemo encounters characters from other works of fiction rather than those from the original strip. Instead of Flip or the Princess, Nemo meets Zorro, Alice and Jules Verne's Nautilus (which was led by Captain Nemo). A joint American-Japanese feature-length film \\\"\\\" was released in 1989, with contributions by Ray Bradbury, Chris Columbus and Moebius, and music by the Sherman Brothers. The story tells of a quest by Nemo and friends to rescue King Morpheus from the Nightmare King. The Princess is given a name, Camille, and Nemo has a pet\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2429034\",\n \"text\": \"formats from traditional comic panels to faux advertisements and cut-out toys. Stylistic influences include advertising graphics from that same era; newspaper strip cartoonists Winsor McCay (\\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\") and Frank King (\\\"Gasoline Alley\\\"); Charles Schulz's post-WWII strip \\\"Peanuts\\\" and the cover designs of ragtime-era sheet music. Ware has spoken about finding inspiration in the work of artist Joseph Cornell and cites Richard McGuire's strip \\\"Here\\\" as a major influence on his use of non-linear narratives. Ware has said of his own style:I arrived at my way of \\\"working\\\" as a way of visually approximating what I feel the tone\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Ware\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241334\",\n \"text\": \"& Co. published a Little Nemo children's storybook. \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland in 3-D\\\" was released by Blackthorne Publishing in 1987; this reprinted Little Nemo issues with 3-D glasses. A set of 30 Little Nemo postcards was available through Stewart Tabori & Chang in 1996. In 1993, as promotion for the 1989 animated film, Hemdale produced a Collector's Set which includes a VHS movie, illustrated storybook, and cassette soundtrack. In 2001, Dark Horse Comics released a Little Nemo statue and tin lunchbox. Little Nemo itself is influenced by children stories in general, and some French comic pages in particular. Since\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13457270\",\n \"text\": \"County. It was later sold and abandoned due to limited flow of water in the dry months. Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary) Turtle Creek is a tributary of the Little Miami River in Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio, which takes its name from this creek. Turtle Creek is named for Chief Little Turtle, of the Miami Indian Tribe Turtle Creek is a tributary within the Little Miami and Ohio River watersheds. Turtle Creek starts from the western plateau above the Little Miami River between Fort Ancient and Oregonia and flows westward through the city of Lebanon, with forks roughly\",\n \"title\": \"Turtle Creek (Little Miami River tributary)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20151657\",\n \"text\": \"Nemo & Friends SeaRider Nemo & Friends SeaRider is a simulator ride at Tokyo DisneySea at Tokyo Disney Resort. It is based on the Disney/Pixar film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" and its sequel \\\"Finding Dory\\\". Nemo & Friends SeaRider utilizes the same ride system as its predecessor, StormRider. The attraction is located in the Marine Life Institute at the heart of Port Discovery. Scientists at the Institute have created a substance called “Chidiminium” which can conduct electricity and shrink materials. This new material is used to safely shrink the SeaRider, a fish-shaped submarine with guests inside. The SeaRider boasts artificial fish intelligence\",\n \"title\": \"Nemo & Friends SeaRider\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211675\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Finding Nemo\\\" is the second highest-grossing film of 2003, behind \\\"\\\". It was the highest-grossing Pixar film, up until 2010 when \\\"Toy Story 3\\\" surpassed it. \\\"Finding Dory\\\" is the third-highest-grossing film of 2016, behind \\\"Civil War\\\" and \\\"Rogue One\\\". Finding Nemo is the 6th highest-grossing animated franchise and holds the highest average box office gross per film among all animated franchises in box office history ($983.8million) . Both films received overwhelmingly positive reviews, with the first film winning the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. It was a financial blockbuster as it grossed over $921 million worldwide. It is\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"829635\",\n \"text\": \"against Native American forces (St. Claires Defeat). Little Turtle's native name in historic records was spelled in a variety of ways, including Michikinikwa, Meshekunnoghquoh, Michikinakoua, Michikiniqua, Me-She-Kin-No-Quah, Meshecunnaquan, and Mischecanocquah. Mihšihkinaahkwa is the correct phonemic spelling of the name in the Miami-Illinois language. Little Turtle is an English translation of \\\"mihšihkinaahkwa\\\", the phonetic spelling of his name in the Miami-Illinois language. In his language the word names a species of terrapin, probably the Midland Painted Turtle. There is no diminutive on this name in the original Miami-Illinois language. There is little documentary evidence for most of Little Turtle's life. The\",\n \"title\": \"Little Turtle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17211674\",\n \"text\": \"film, stating: As of September 2018, there has been no further word on the future of the franchise. \\\"Exploring the Reef\\\" is a short documentary film. It features Jean-Michel Cousteau, exploring the Great Barrier Reef, but Marlin, Dory, and Nemo keep interrupting him. The short film is included on the second disc of the \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" DVD. \\\"Marine Life Interviews\\\" focuses on some of the supporting characters within \\\"Finding Dory\\\" as they give brief interviews and thoughts on Dory herself. The short is included on the DVD and Blu-Ray release of \\\"Finding Dory\\\". This is similar to Aardman's \\\"Creature Comforts\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5043829\",\n \"text\": \"Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton (born December 3, 1965) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and voice actor based at Pixar, which he joined in 1990. His film work includes co-writing Pixar's \\\"A Bug's Life\\\" (1998) (as co-director), \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" (2003) and its sequel \\\"Finding Dory\\\" (2016), \\\"WALL-E\\\" (2008), and the live-action film, Disney's \\\"John Carter\\\" (2012). He also co-wrote all four \\\"Toy Story\\\" films and \\\"Monsters, Inc.\\\" (2001) \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" and \\\"WALL-E\\\" earned him two Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature. He was also nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay, for \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", \\\"WALL-E\\\", and \\\"Toy\",\n \"title\": \"Andrew Stanton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15170820\",\n \"text\": \"FOX ★ Danielle Panabaker - \\\"The Guardian\\\" - CBS ★ Oliver Davis - \\\"E.R.\\\" - NBC ★ \\\"'Julian Clare - \\\"Days of Our Lives\\\" - NBC ★ Julie Kavner & Dan Castellaneta - \\\"The Simpsons\\\" - FOX ★ Josh Keaton - \\\"The Even Stevens Movie\\\" - Disney ★ Alexander Gould - \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" - Walt Disney/Pixar ★ - \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" - Walt Disney/Pixar ★ - Smart & Final ★ \\\"\\\" - Showtime ★ \\\"\\\"'\\\" - CTV ★ \\\"Whale Rider\\\" - New Zealand ★ \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" - Walt Disney/Pixar ★ \\\"School of Rock\\\" - Paramount Pictures ★ (tie) \\\"\\\" - New\",\n \"title\": \"25th Young Artist Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17584236\",\n \"text\": \"audition before, Rachel came with a headshot (a picture of her singing into a microphone) and a resume with details of her tenure as an employee at the GAP. Potter was cast as Ariel in the Voyage of the Little Mermaid. She subsequently went on to perform as Belle in Beauty and the Beast, Nemo in Finding Nemo: The Musical, and a slew of other shows at Disney. In 2008, she made it in the Top 15 in the MTV reality show \\\"\\\". Potter played Wednesday Addams in the musical version of \\\"The Addams Family\\\". Later on, Potter was cast\",\n \"title\": \"Rachel Potter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16386715\",\n \"text\": \"Vanessa Ray Vanessa Ray (née Liptak; born June 24, 1981) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role on \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" as CeCe Drake (Charlotte DiLaurentis), Jenny on the legal drama series \\\"Suits\\\", Teri Ciccone on \\\"As the World Turns\\\", and Officer Edit \\\"Eddie\\\" Janko on \\\"Blue Bloods\\\". Ray earned her Actor's Equity card while performing the role of Rusty and singing \\\"Let's Hear It For the Boy\\\" in the musical \\\"Footloose\\\". She originated the role of Nemo in Robert and Kristin Lopez's \\\"Finding Nemo: The Musical\\\" at Orlando's Disney World. Ray played the character\",\n \"title\": \"Vanessa Ray\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"829636\",\n \"text\": \"exact year and place of his birth are uncertain, but sources generally indicate that he was born in 1747 or 1752, the years prior to or following the period that his parents lived in the Miami village of Pickawillany. Some historians give 1752 as his probable date of birth; others prefer 1747. The exact names of Little Turtle's parents have been long debated. Historian Andrew Cayton named Mishikinakwa (The Turtle) as his father and an unnamed Mohican refugee as his mother; however, Little Turtle biographer Harvey Carter indicated that Little Turtle's father was Cinquenackqua. Little Turtle was born in what\",\n \"title\": \"Little Turtle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241341\",\n \"text\": \"interactive animated \\\"Google Doodle\\\" called \\\"Little Nemo in Google-land\\\" on its homepage. The doodle showed a typical Little Nemo adventure through a series of panels, each featuring a letter from the word \\\"Google\\\". The doodle also ends in the same way as the comic strips, with Nemo falling from his bed. At Universal's Islands of Adventure, at the Toon Lagoon section, Little Nemo can be seen falling out of his bed near a shop. Eric Shanower and Gabriel Rodriguez revived the characters in 2014 in an IDW comic book series entitled \\\"Little Nemo: Return to Slumberland\\\". That same year, Locust\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803422\",\n \"text\": \"million), becoming the highest-grossing foreign animated film in local currency (yen). It has only been surpassed by \\\"Frozen\\\" (¥25.5 billion). Following in biggest grosses are the U.K., Ireland and Malta, where it grossed £37.2 million ($67.1 million), France and the Maghreb region ($64.8 million), Germany ($53.9 million), and Spain ($29.5 million). After the success of the 3D re-release of \\\"The Lion King\\\", Disney re-released \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" in 3D on September 14, 2012, with a conversion cost estimated to be below $5 million. For the opening weekend of its 3D re-release in North America, \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" grossed $16.7 million, debuting at\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241309\",\n \"text\": \"Little Nemo Little Nemo is a fictional character created by American cartoonist Winsor McCay. He originated in an early comic strip by McCay, \\\"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\\\", before receiving his own spin-off series, \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\". The full-page weekly strip depicted Nemo having fantastic dreams that were interrupted by his awakening in the final panel. The strip is considered McCay's masterpiece for its experiments with the form of the comics page, its use of color, its timing and pacing, the size and shape of its panels, perspective, architectural and other detail. \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" ran in the\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6717842\",\n \"text\": \"existing anime properties, which include the likes of \\\"Anpanman\\\" and \\\"Detective Conan\\\". The film was released on VHS through Hemdale Home Video, Inc. on March 2, 1993. It features a mail-in coupon worth $5.00, with purchases of Tropicana Orange Juice, along with an advert before the film produced by Pixar. Hemdale also produced a Collector's Set which includes a VHS movie, illustrated storybook, and cassette soundtrack. \\\"Nemo\\\" became the #4 best-selling children's title of 1993, with 1.5 million copies sold. On October 5, 2004, \\\"Little Nemo\\\" was released on DVD through Funimation (under the Our Time Family Entertainment name, and\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2173218\",\n \"text\": \"the television project \\\"For Their Own Good\\\". She later starred in the comedy series \\\"Battery Park\\\" and has appeared in television and films including the 1994 remake of \\\"Miracle on 34th Street\\\" and 2000's \\\"28 Days\\\" starring as Sandra Bullock's sister. Perkins also had a small role in the 2003 film \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", voicing the clownfish who was the wife of Marlin and mother of Nemo, and who was killed by a barracuda at the beginning of the film. Perkins also appeared as a psychiatrist in the 2005 suspense thriller, \\\"The Ring Two\\\", starring Naomi Watts. She played Wilma Flintstone\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Perkins\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6717845\",\n \"text\": \"titled \\\"Nemo\\\", was developed that same year. Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (released in Japan as simply and credited in some territories as Little Nemo) is a 1989 Japanese-American animated musical adventure fantasy film directed by Masami Hata and William Hurtz. Based on the comic strip \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" by Winsor McCay, the film went through a lengthy development process with a number of screenwriters. Ultimately, the screenplay was credited to Chris Columbus and Richard Outten; the storyline and art style differed from the original version. The original soundtrack was penned by the Academy\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241318\",\n \"text\": \"apparent in the title lettering highlights what seems to be the little regard for the dialogue balloons, their content, and their placement in the visual composition. They tend to contain repetitive monologues expressing the increasing distress of the speakers, and showed that McCay's gift was in the visual and not the verbal. McCay used traditional ethnic stereotypes prominently in \\\"Little Nemo\\\", as in the ill-tempered Irishman Flip, and the nearly-mute African Impie. Winsor McCay ( – 1934) had worked prolifically as a commercial artist and cartoonist in carnivals and dime museums before he began working for newspapers and magazines in\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8298513\",\n \"text\": \"Shortly after, a fishing net catches Dory and several other fish and tries to pull them out of the water. Nemo comes up with an idea to get all the fish to swim down. This successfully breaks the net and frees them. After their adventure, Marlin is now not nearly overprotective of his son knowing he can look after himself. Dory also spends a lot of time with the two, and she accompanies Marlin as he takes Nemo to school. \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" received \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\" on all platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, where\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17199826\",\n \"text\": \"reefs on an enormous scale. In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the \\\"Toy Story\\\" films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels. Finding Dory Finding Dory is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Angus MacLane, the screenplay was written by Stanton and Victoria Strouse. The film is a sequel/spinoff to 2003's \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" and features the\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Dory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1803433\",\n \"text\": \"that the film would be pushed back to a UK July 29, 2016 release. Pixar's \\\"The Good Dinosaur\\\" was moved to the November 25, 2015 slot to allow more time for production of the film. Finding Nemo Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Written and directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Lee Unkrich, the film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould, and Willem Dafoe. It tells the story of the overprotective ocellaris clownfish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17199779\",\n \"text\": \"Finding Dory Finding Dory is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Angus MacLane, the screenplay was written by Stanton and Victoria Strouse. The film is a sequel/spinoff to 2003's \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" and features the returning voices of Ellen DeGeneres and Albert Brooks, with Hayden Rolence (replacing Alexander Gould), Ed O'Neill, Kaitlin Olson, Ty Burrell, Diane Keaton, and Eugene Levy joining the cast. The film focuses on the amnesiac fish Dory, who journeys to be reunited with her parents. The film premiered\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Dory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241339\",\n \"text\": \"of McCay's Nemo storylines, featuring a castle that was drawn sideways and Katie Power re-enacting a classic Nemo panel with a sideways-drawn hallway that served as a bottomless pit with the line \\\"Don't fall in, y'hear?\\\" \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" is also the inspiration for the video of the 1989 song \\\"Runnin' Down a Dream\\\" by Tom Petty. In 1994-1995, French artist Moebius wrote the story to a sequel comic series \\\"Little Nemo\\\", drawn by Bruno Marchand in two albums, 2000-2002, Marchand continued the story with two additional albums. In 2006, electronic artist Daedelus used Little Nemo artwork for his\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5267500\",\n \"text\": \"and off-Broadway shows. Lewis was in a long-term relationship with Nick Nolte. The two met during the filming of \\\"I'll Do Anything\\\". She is married to sound designer Philip G. Allen. Lewis's film appearances include roles in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\", \\\"Finding Dory\\\", \\\"MouseHunt\\\", \\\"Godzilla\\\", \\\"Pushing Tin\\\", 2007's \\\"California Dreaming\\\" with \\\"NewsRadio\\\" co-star Dave Foley, and 2010's \\\"Den Brother\\\". On television, Lewis starred for 5 seasons on the NBC sitcom \\\"NewsRadio\\\", followed by \\\"Three Sisters\\\" and the WB animated comedy \\\"Mission Hill\\\". She made guest appearances on \\\"Seinfeld\\\" (in the episodes \\\"The Secretary\\\" and \\\"The Race\\\") and \\\"Murphy Brown\\\". In a recurring\",\n \"title\": \"Vicki Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9192614\",\n \"text\": \"Professor Genius Professor Genius is an American comics character, who originated in the comic strip \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" by Winsor McCay and other subsequent media. He is the right-hand man to King Morpheus, the ruler of Slumberland. His main jobs are to look after the Princess, Little Nemo, and of course make sure the King's things are in order. In the original \\\"Little Nemo\\\" comics, musical and vaudeville, Professor Genius appeared with a different personality and appearance as \\\"Dr. Pill.\\\" In the 1992 movie \\\"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\\\", Professor Genius is given the task of bringing Little Nemo\",\n \"title\": \"Professor Genius\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8275234\",\n \"text\": \"4:47 AM is substituted by Prima family. Its first show was \\\"Finding Nemo\\\". The network has been criticised for its biased anti-migrant position during the European migrant crisis. Prima televize Prima televize (previously Prima family, originally Premiéra) is a Czech private television station. Its channel is broadcast from Prague. Its current owner is FTV Prima, spol. s r. o., general manager Marek Singer. The channel has been broadcast since 26 November 1992. First only in Prague and Central Bohemia under the name FTV Premiéra; later Premiéra TV. It has held a broadcasting licence since 1994 with a condition that a\",\n \"title\": \"Prima televize\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11323715\",\n \"text\": \"is imprisoned and brought out to be attached to a brainwashing machine. Arronaux escaped his escort to the holding pens and is loose to try and pull everyone out. He finds nuclear missiles from the \\\"Scotia\\\" in the process. He is found and aided by Cooper, another abducted sailor. The crew is able to make it back to their ship in an escape attempt but one is lost to Nemo's gunmen. They find and board the \\\"Scotia\\\", finding that Nemo lied and much of the \\\"Scotia\\\"'s crew is still alive. Having reprogrammed the remote device Nemo had planted on the\",\n \"title\": \"30,000 Leagues Under the Sea\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35152\",\n \"text\": \"in the 2016 sequel \\\"Finding Dory\\\". \\\"Dory\\\" is Brooks's largest grossing film to date. In 1997, Brooks married artist Kimberly Shlain, daughter of surgeon and writer Leonard Shlain. They have two children, Jacob and Claire. Albert Brooks Albert Lawrence Brooks (born Albert Lawrence Einstein; July 22, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and director. He received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for 1987's \\\"Broadcast News\\\" and was widely praised for his performance in the 2011 film \\\"Drive\\\". His voice acting credits include Marlin in \\\"Finding Nemo\\\" (2003) and \\\"Finding Dory\\\" (2016), and recurring guest voices for\",\n \"title\": \"Albert Brooks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6717821\",\n \"text\": \"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (released in Japan as simply and credited in some territories as Little Nemo) is a 1989 Japanese-American animated musical adventure fantasy film directed by Masami Hata and William Hurtz. Based on the comic strip \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" by Winsor McCay, the film went through a lengthy development process with a number of screenwriters. Ultimately, the screenplay was credited to Chris Columbus and Richard Outten; the storyline and art style differed from the original version. The original soundtrack was penned by the Academy Award-winning Sherman Brothers. A box office bomb\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241323\",\n \"text\": \"called \\\"Nemo in Adventureland\\\" featuring grown-up versions of Nemo and the Princess. Neither project lasted long. In 1947, Robert and fabric salesman Irving Mendelsohn organized the McCay Feature Syndicate, Inc. to revive the original \\\"Nemo\\\" strip from McCay's original art, modified to fit the size of modern newspaper pages. This revival also did not last. In 1966, cartoonist Woody Gelman discovered the original artwork for many \\\"Little Nemo\\\" strips at a cartoon studio where McCay's son Bob had worked. In 1973, Gelman published a collection of \\\"Little Nemo\\\" strips in Italy. His collection of McCay originals is preserved at the\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"880136\",\n \"text\": \"dish. The character awakens in the closing panel and regrets having eaten the rarebit. The dreams often reveal unflattering sides of the dreamers' psyches—their phobias, hypocrisies, discomforts, and dark fantasies. This was in great contrast to the colorful fantasy dreams in McCay's signature strip \\\"Little Nemo\\\", which he began in 1905. Whereas children were \\\"Nemo\\\"s target audience, McCay aimed \\\"Rarebit Fiend\\\" at adults. The popularity of \\\"Rarebit Fiend\\\" and \\\"Nemo\\\" led to McCay gaining a contract in 1911 with William Randolph Hearst's chain of newspapers with a star's salary. His editor there thought McCay's highly skilled cartooning \\\"serious, not funny\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19020540\",\n \"text\": \"in the studio's history. Another TMS subsidiary, Telecom Animation Film, was founded in 1975, but didn't start production until after Tokyo Movie was restructured. In 1989, TMS released \\\"Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland\\\" in Japan and the United States. The movie was infamous for being in development hell with figures such as George Lucas, Chuck Jones, Hayao Miyazaki, and Gary Kurtz being involved with the movie before dropping out. The movie was released as a commercial failure, and in response to this, Fujioka decided to retire from the animation business. TMS, having to recoup \\\"Little Nemo\\\"s losses, increased production on\",\n \"title\": \"TMS Entertainment\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241324\",\n \"text\": \"Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum at Ohio State University. Collector Peter Maresca self-published a volume of \\\"Nemo\\\" Sundays as \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland: So Many Splendid Sundays!\\\". The volume was large enough to reproduce the pages at the size they originally appeared in newspapers. Restoration work took Maresca five to twenty hours per page A second volume, \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland: Many More Splendid Sundays!\\\", appeared in 2008. As early as 1905, several abortive attempts were made to put \\\"Little Nemo\\\" on stage. In summer 1907, Marcus Klaw and A. L. Erlanger announced they would put on an extravagant\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"241344\",\n \"text\": \"passed to Mendelsohn, then later to daughter Marion. By the early twenty-first century, most of McCay's surviving artwork remained in family hands. Little Nemo Little Nemo is a fictional character created by American cartoonist Winsor McCay. He originated in an early comic strip by McCay, \\\"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\\\", before receiving his own spin-off series, \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\". The full-page weekly strip depicted Nemo having fantastic dreams that were interrupted by his awakening in the final panel. The strip is considered McCay's masterpiece for its experiments with the form of the comics page, its use of color, its\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8298505\",\n \"text\": \"of the caves, she gives Nemo a pearl as a reward. Nemo puts it inside the clam, causing it to close and clearing the path. They soon come across a pile of rocks blocking the path and Nemo darts to break through them. Nemo's new friends challenge him to a race. Afterwards, they encounter some fish-eating clams. After Nemo defeats them, they finally make it to school. His teacher, Mr. Ray arrives and after getting to know Nemo, they depart on a field trip to the drop-off. Along the way, Nemo plays with his new friends on bouncy sponges and\",\n \"title\": \"Finding Nemo (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5158447\",\n \"text\": \"Little Nemo: The Dream Master Little Nemo: The Dream Master (known as in Japan) is a platform game released on the NES in 1990 by Capcom. It is based on the Japanese animated film, \\\"\\\" from Tokyo Movie Shinsha, which itself is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" by Winsor McCay. The game's music was composed by Junko Tamiya, credited in the game as \\\"Gonzou\\\". The game revolves around a young boy in his own surreal dreams as he journeys to Slumberland. Nemo can ride certain animals such as a frog, a gorilla, or a mole, by\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo: The Dream Master\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5158443\",\n \"text\": \"Little Nemo: The Dream Master Little Nemo: The Dream Master (known as in Japan) is a platform game released on the NES in 1990 by Capcom. It is based on the Japanese animated film, \\\"\\\" from Tokyo Movie Shinsha, which itself is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" by Winsor McCay. The game's music was composed by Junko Tamiya, credited in the game as \\\"Gonzou\\\". The game revolves around a young boy in his own surreal dreams as he journeys to Slumberland. Nemo can ride certain animals such as a frog, a gorilla, or a mole, by\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo: The Dream Master\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":86,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"87"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays the voice of belle in beauty and the beast"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Paige O'Hara"],"string":"[\n \"Paige O'Hara\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3746039","text":"Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Showboat\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of \"Beauty and the Beast\", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, \"\" (1997) and \"Belle's Magical World\" (1998), and for a cameo appearance","title":"Paige O'Hara"},{"docid":"7426413","text":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast) Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Originally voiced by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara, Belle is the non-conforming daughter of an inventor who yearns to abandon her predictable village life in return for adventure. When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a cold-hearted beast, Belle offers him her own freedom in exchange for her father's, and eventually learns to love the Beast despite his unsightly outward appearance. Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg commissioned \"Beauty and the Beast\" as an animated","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"1208630","text":"the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle to become a prince again. To break the curse, Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal falls from an enchanted rose or else the Beast will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, and Angela Lansbury. Walt Disney first","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)"},{"docid":"16862023","text":"musical.\" According to Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara, who both recorded the song and provided the voice of Belle, Ashman and Menken \"wanted to leave the pop music sound of \"Mermaid\" behind and go for something more Jerome Kern/Rodgers & Hammerstein\" for \"Beauty and the Beast\". The film's songs and musical numbers, which were written to both \"propel the plot\" and offer \"character development\", were heavily influenced by French, classical and traditional Broadway music. Additionally, Menken described \"Belle\" and the other \"Beauty and the Beast\" songs to \"The New York Times \"as \"tangents from 18th-century France\". Written in a","title":"Belle (Disney song)"},{"docid":"18070435","text":"Something There \"Something There\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Sung by the majority of the film's main cast, the song was recorded by American actors Paige O'Hara as Belle and Robby Benson as the Beast via voice over, featuring actors Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and David Ogden Stiers as Lumiere, Mrs. Potts and Cogsworth, respectively. The only song performed by the Beast, \"Something There\" is heard midway through \"Beauty and the Beast \"during a scene in which Belle and the","title":"Something There"},{"docid":"7426427","text":"her voice\", envisioning a voice similar to that of American entertainer Judy Garland. American actress and singer Paige O'Hara was performing on Broadway when she first read about Disney's then-upcoming animated project \"Beauty and the Beast\" in an article in \"The New York Times\". Upon discovering that the studio was holding auditions for the lead role of Belle and, at the behest of lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken, specifically recruiting Broadway performers, O'Hara immediately insisted that her agent get her an audition. Familiar with O'Hara's Broadway stint as Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Show Boat\"; Ashman had","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7239570","text":"film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Based on the heroine of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont, Belle was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and originally animated by James Baxter and Mark Henn. Originally voiced by Paige O'Hara, Belle is currently voiced by Julie Nathanson. O'Hara did, however, return as the voice of Belle in the 2018 film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\". Frustrated with her provincial village life, book-loving Belle longs for adventure. When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a hideous beast, Belle sacrifices her own freedom in return for his. At first frightened by","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"3746039","text":"Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Showboat\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of \"Beauty and the Beast\", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, \"\" (1997) and \"Belle's Magical World\" (1998), and for a cameo appearance","title":"Paige O'Hara"},{"docid":"16862019","text":"Belle (Disney song) \"Belle\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman for Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Originally recorded by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara and American actor Richard White, \"Belle\", a mid-tempo French and classical music-inspired song, incorporates both Broadway and musical theatre elements. The film's first song and opening number, \"Belle\" appears during \"Beauty and the Beast \"as a large scale operetta-style production number that introduces the film's heroine Belle, considered a book-loving nonconformist by the townspeople of the village, who has grown weary of","title":"Belle (Disney song)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3746039\",\n \"text\": \"Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \\\"Showboat\\\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, \\\"\\\" (1997) and \\\"Belle's Magical World\\\" (1998), and for a cameo appearance\",\n \"title\": \"Paige O'Hara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426413\",\n \"text\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast) Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). Originally voiced by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara, Belle is the non-conforming daughter of an inventor who yearns to abandon her predictable village life in return for adventure. When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a cold-hearted beast, Belle offers him her own freedom in exchange for her father's, and eventually learns to love the Beast despite his unsightly outward appearance. Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg commissioned \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" as an animated\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1208630\",\n \"text\": \"the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle to become a prince again. To break the curse, Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal falls from an enchanted rose or else the Beast will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, and Angela Lansbury. Walt Disney first\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16862023\",\n \"text\": \"musical.\\\" According to Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara, who both recorded the song and provided the voice of Belle, Ashman and Menken \\\"wanted to leave the pop music sound of \\\"Mermaid\\\" behind and go for something more Jerome Kern/Rodgers & Hammerstein\\\" for \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". The film's songs and musical numbers, which were written to both \\\"propel the plot\\\" and offer \\\"character development\\\", were heavily influenced by French, classical and traditional Broadway music. Additionally, Menken described \\\"Belle\\\" and the other \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" songs to \\\"The New York Times \\\"as \\\"tangents from 18th-century France\\\". Written in a\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18070435\",\n \"text\": \"Something There \\\"Something There\\\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). Sung by the majority of the film's main cast, the song was recorded by American actors Paige O'Hara as Belle and Robby Benson as the Beast via voice over, featuring actors Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and David Ogden Stiers as Lumiere, Mrs. Potts and Cogsworth, respectively. The only song performed by the Beast, \\\"Something There\\\" is heard midway through \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"during a scene in which Belle and the\",\n \"title\": \"Something There\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426427\",\n \"text\": \"her voice\\\", envisioning a voice similar to that of American entertainer Judy Garland. American actress and singer Paige O'Hara was performing on Broadway when she first read about Disney's then-upcoming animated project \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" in an article in \\\"The New York Times\\\". Upon discovering that the studio was holding auditions for the lead role of Belle and, at the behest of lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken, specifically recruiting Broadway performers, O'Hara immediately insisted that her agent get her an audition. Familiar with O'Hara's Broadway stint as Ellie May Chipley in the musical \\\"Show Boat\\\"; Ashman had\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239570\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). Based on the heroine of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont, Belle was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and originally animated by James Baxter and Mark Henn. Originally voiced by Paige O'Hara, Belle is currently voiced by Julie Nathanson. O'Hara did, however, return as the voice of Belle in the 2018 film \\\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\\\". Frustrated with her provincial village life, book-loving Belle longs for adventure. When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a hideous beast, Belle sacrifices her own freedom in return for his. At first frightened by\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3746039\",\n \"text\": \"Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \\\"Showboat\\\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, \\\"\\\" (1997) and \\\"Belle's Magical World\\\" (1998), and for a cameo appearance\",\n \"title\": \"Paige O'Hara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16862019\",\n \"text\": \"Belle (Disney song) \\\"Belle\\\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman for Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). Originally recorded by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara and American actor Richard White, \\\"Belle\\\", a mid-tempo French and classical music-inspired song, incorporates both Broadway and musical theatre elements. The film's first song and opening number, \\\"Belle\\\" appears during \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"as a large scale operetta-style production number that introduces the film's heroine Belle, considered a book-loving nonconformist by the townspeople of the village, who has grown weary of\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Disney song)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"6915915","text":"of love is as timeless and ageless as a \"tale as old as time\". Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shortened chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently in other pieces of Menken's film score. Lansbury was initially hesitant to record \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she felt that it was not suitable for her aging singing voice, but ultimately completed the song in one take. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was subsequently recorded as a pop duet by Canadian singer Celine","title":"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"},{"docid":"7426496","text":"protective of Belle, explaining, \"[she] was my first-born child, so there’s a little bit of possessiveness, which really I had to let it go\". \"Beauty and the Beast\", Belle performs the film's opening number, \"Belle\", which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992. In 1998, O'Hara was nominated for an Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production for reprising her role as Belle in the second of \"Beauty and the Beast\"'s three direct-to-video sequels, \"Belle's Magical World\". To commemorate","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426436","text":"which her voice has changed over the course of 20 years. O'Hara would eventually return as the voice of Belle in the 2018 film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\". According to producer Don Hahn, Beaumont's Belle is an \"incredibly passive\" character, the personality of whom he likened to those of Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella, as well as American actress and animal rights activist Doris Day, describing them as women who are \"capable, but filling a role that women might fill in the 1950s and 1960s.” The filmmakers painstakingly reworked Belle into a more three-dimensional character by providing her with goals and","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426433","text":"which the studio agreed despite its costliness. O'Hara credited the filmmaker's decision with developing both the film and Belle and the Beast's relationship. O'Hara and Benson became the first Disney voice actors to record together. In total, the recording process took over two years to complete. O'Hara had already been friends with co-star Richard White, who voices Gaston, for 15 years. Despite her successful stage career, O'Hara was virtually unknown to Hollywood audiences when she was cast in \"Beauty and the Beast\"; she was one of the last obscure actresses to be cast in a feature-length Disney animated film before","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426497","text":"her work on \"Beauty and the Beast\" and various contributions to Disney, O'Hara was honored with a Disney Legends award on August 19, 2011. Disney hired Spanish actress Penélope Cruz to pose as Belle in photographer Annie Leibovitz's Disney Dream Portrait Series, while actor Jeff Bridges posed as the Beast. The \"Daily Mail\" described the image as Cruz \"wearing Belle's gorgeous yellow gown and being lifted high into the air by her prince,\" accompanied by the phrase \"Where a moment of beauty lasts forever.\" Belle (Beauty and the Beast) Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures'","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"5282191","text":"against this practice for \"Beauty and the Beast\". Eisner concluded that most of the film's original voice actors would be too busy to reprise their roles onstage. In her Broadway debut, then-22-year-old actress Susan Egan was cast as the musical's original Belle. Egan, who had not yet seen the film, had been auditioning for several other Broadway projects at the time – namely \"My Fair Lady\", \"Carousel\" and \"Grease\" – in which she was much more interested. Despite longing to originate a Broadway role, the actress was initially reluctant to audition for \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she thought that","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"6915914","text":"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) \"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling","title":"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"},{"docid":"7426434","text":"the studio began casting better known talent in subsequent animated projects. Since the November 1991 release of \"Beauty and the Beast\", O'Hara has returned to The Walt Disney Company on several occasions to voice Belle in a variety of media and merchandise, including its direct-to-video sequels \" \"(1997), \"Belle's Magical World \"(1998) and \"Belle's Tales of Friendship \"(1999), as well as various video game releases such as the \"Kingdom Hearts\" series and several audio and video recordings associated with the Disney Princess franchise. Additionally, O'Hara was hired by Disney to perform the song \"Belle\" at the 64th Academy Awards in","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"3746044","text":"Beast\", she portrayed Angela, a character in a fictional soap opera, for Disney's 2007 live action/traditional 2-D animated movie \"Enchanted\". For her work as Belle, O'Hara was honored with a Disney Legend Award on August 19, 2011. As of 2011, O'Hara was replaced by Julie Nathanson as the voice of Belle due to her voice changing significantly over the course of twenty years. Despite this, she still paints Belle for Disney Fine Art and also continues to do promotional appearances for Disney. In 2016, O'Hara appeared at numerous special screenings of \"Beauty and the Beast\" in honor of the film's","title":"Paige O'Hara"},{"docid":"4187287","text":"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film) Beauty and the Beast ( - also the UK title) is a 1946 French romantic fantasy film directed by French poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau. Starring Josette Day as Belle and Jean Marais as the Beast, it is an adaptation of the 1757 story \"Beauty and the Beast\", written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and published as part of a fairy tale anthology. The plot of Cocteau's film revolves around Belle's father who is sentenced to death for picking a rose from Beast's garden. Belle offers to go back to the Beast in her","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)"},{"docid":"7426452","text":"help them achieve their respective goals.\" Michelle Munro, writing for Durham College of Applied Arts and Technology, felt that even though Belle shares several traits with her more passive predecessors, the character introduced \"new possibilities for princesses.\" Girls in Capes wrote that Belle pioneered a generation of princesses who taught \"about ambition, self-discovery and the pursuit of what we want.\" Additionally, Belle remains Disney's first and only princess to have hazel eyes. Belle debuted in \"Beauty and the Beast \"(1991) as a beautiful bibliophile who, although praised by her fellow villagers for her unrivaled beauty, is at the same time","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"20071647","text":"song \"adds more depth to the character\" by \"highlighting the changes he goes through throughout the movie.\" Similar to \"If I Can't Love Her\", \"Evermore\" provides the Beast with \"a stronger voice\". The song occurs at a pivotal moment in the film during which the Beast bemoans his decision to free Belle, while uncovering both his inner pain and growth as a character as he voices \"a sad sense of longing.\" For the first time, audiences learn exactly how the Beast feels when he allows Belle to rescue Maurice, summarizing his love for her. In the musical sequence, the Beast","title":"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"},{"docid":"5282228","text":"Monsieur D'Arque. They plan to lock Maurice away to blackmail Belle into marrying Gaston (\"Maison des Lunes\"). In the castle, the Beast and Belle attend a lovely dinner and personal ball, where they dance together in the ballroom (\"Beauty and the Beast\"). The Beast, who plans to tell Belle he loves her, asks Belle if she is happy here, to which she responds positively but notes that she misses her father. He offers her his Magic Mirror to view him. She sees that Maurice is sick and lost in the woods and fears for his life. But even though the","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"4187288","text":"father's place. Beast falls in love with her and proposes marriage on a nightly basis which she refuses. Belle eventually becomes more drawn to Beast, who tests her by letting her return home to her family and telling her that if she doesn't return to him within a week, he will die of grief. \"Beauty and the Beast\" is now recognized as a classic of French cinema. While scrubbing the floor at home, Belle (Josette Day) is interrupted by her brother's friend Avenant (Jean Marais) who tells her she deserves better and suggests they get married. Belle rejects Avenant, as","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)"},{"docid":"7426426","text":"return the focus of the story to Belle. Disney had originally considered casting actress Jodi Benson, who famously voiced Ariel in \"The Little Mermaid\", as Belle, but ultimately felt that she sounded \"too American\" and young, opting for a \"more classical ... womanly\" voice instead. Describing the character as \"a woman that was ahead of her time,\" the filmmakers wanted Belle to sound \"more like a woman than a girl.\" However, Benson voiced Belle in a few episodes of Disney's \"House of Mouse\". Director Kirk Wise was particularly interested in casting an actress capable of \"creat[ing] a character completely with","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426480","text":"fact \"feminist enough.\" Although \"Beauty and the Beast \"was initially lauded upon release for starring a \"forward thinking and feminist\" heroine, critics tend to agree that, in spite of Belle's independence and resentment towards Gaston, \"Beauty and the Beast\" essentially remains a romance about a girl who finally \"meets her ideal man.\" Acknowledging that Belle \"represented significant change from [her] sweet, mop-wielding predecessors,\" \"Twilight and History\" author Nancy Reagin observed that \"the end result of fulfillment through marriage has been maintained.\" Kathleen Maher of \"The Austin Chronicle \"cited Belle as an example of \"pseudo-feminism\" because she rejects one man, Gaston,","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426488","text":"way in which women would be depicted in subsequent animated films. According to Kevin Fallon of \"The Daily Beast\", before Belle \"being a Disney princess meant singing songs about how much you love combing your hair with a fork and giving away your voice if it meant you got to marry the guy with that dreamy chiseled jaw\". The \"Los Angeles Times\"' Charles Solomon considers Belle to be among four Disney Princesses responsible for breaking \"the bonds of convention.\" About.com's David Nusair agreed that Belle successfully \"updated the princess formula for an entirely new generation.\" \"The Atlantic\"'s Lindsay Lowe echoed","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"20071645","text":"song \"If I Can't Love Her\" in the Broadway musical, identified by Fred Hawson of \"ABS-CBN News\" as \"a grand moving solo\" during which the Beast sincerely expresses his undying feelings for Belle. In \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"Evermore\" appears as a solo performed by the Beast shortly before \"The Mob Song\" as the film approaches its dramatic climax. After the Beast and Belle (Emma Watson) share a dance in the castle's ballroom to Mrs. Potts (Emma Thompson) singing \"Beauty and the Beast\", the couple has a conversation during which the Beast learns how much Belle actually misses her father,","title":"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"},{"docid":"16862025","text":"to remain unmodified during production. Hoping to write a song that would successfully \"portray [Belle] in a world that is so protected and safe\", Ashman and Menken drew inspiration from a story-telling style that is often reserved for traditional operettas. As \"Beauty and the Beast\"s opening number, \"Belle\", a \"pivotal moment...in the narrative\", plays a significant role in the film by introducing both the film's heroine, Belle, after whom the song is named, and Gaston, the film's villain. While Belle, a book-loving and intelligent nonconformist who has grown frustrated with her predictable village life, longs for an adventure similar to","title":"Belle (Disney song)"},{"docid":"16862033","text":"to all of the Alan Menken and Howard Ashman songs, like the opening number of 'Belle' (that reveals how different Belle is from the other Disney heroines).\" Alongside \"Be Our Guest\" and \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"Belle\" was one of the three \"Beauty and the Beast\" songs that received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992. \"Belle\" ultimately lost to the film's title and theme song. According to producer Don Hahn, Disney was actually hoping that the award would go to \"Beauty and the Beast\" and promoted the song heavily, spending significantly","title":"Belle (Disney song)"},{"docid":"2037659","text":"for Disney's \"The Little Mermaid Live\" show. Egan performed a medley of songs from \"Beauty and the Beast\". The June 6 performance also included the original \"Little Mermaid\" voice actress Jodi Benson performing with the rest of the \"Live\" cast. From July 20–29, 2018, Egan reprised the role of Belle in the 5-Star Theatre's production of \"Beauty and the Beast\" at the Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza. On television, Egan is known for her co-starring role as Nikki Cox's best friend in \"Nikki\". Egan's voice has been featured in the English language versions of two feature films by Hayao Miyazaki,","title":"Susan Egan"},{"docid":"11174635","text":"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast) Gaston is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Voiced by American actor and singer Richard White, Gaston is an arrogant hunter whose unrequited feelings for the intellectual Belle drive him to murder his adversary, the Beast, once he realizes she cares for him instead. Gaston serves as a foil personality to the Beast, who was once as vain as Gaston prior to his transformation. An original character who is not present in the \"Beauty and the Beast\" fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de","title":"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"6915952","text":"rising in the East. Tale as old as time, song as old as rhyme, Beauty and the Beast\" as the film's best lyric. \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s Darren Franich, however, admitted to preferring \"Be Our Guest\" and \"Belle\" over \"Beauty and the Beast\". The ballroom sequence during which Belle and the Beast dance to \"Beauty and the Beast\" continues to be praised, especially for its use of computer animation. The first time the \"Beauty and the Beast\" musical sequence was made available to the public, it was in the form of an unfinished scene at the New York Film Festival in September","title":"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"},{"docid":"1208639","text":"Gaston tries to force Belle to marry him in exchange for her father's release, but she refuses. Belle then proves Maurice's sanity by revealing the Beast to the townsfolk using the magic mirror. Belle angrily confronts Gaston that he is a monster and the Beast is not, enraging Gaston. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston has her thrown into the basement with her father and rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to kill the Beast. Assisted by Chip, who had stowed away in Belle's bag, Maurice and Belle escape and rush back to the castle. The","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)"},{"docid":"16862037","text":"\"Beauty and the Beast\" at the ceremony, comforted her by telling her, \"Paige, if I sang like you I wouldn’t be nervous.\" In August 2011, O'Hara performed an abridged version of \"Belle\" live during the Disney Legends awards ceremony, at which O'Hara was also a recipient. The performance was a \"Beauty and the Beast\" medley, during which O'Hara musically combined \"Belle\" with \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Be Our Guest\". In the 2017 live-action adaptation, the song is performed by Emma Watson, Luke Evans, and ensemble. Belle (Disney song) \"Belle\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist","title":"Belle (Disney song)"},{"docid":"7426445","text":"Writing for the \"Los Angeles Times\", Charles Solomon observed inconsistencies in Belle's appearance, writing, \"The prettiest and liveliest Belle waltzes with Beast in his marble ballroom and weeps over his body before he's transformed into the Prince\" while \"The Belle who receives the library from Beast has wider-set eyes and a more prominent mouth than the noticeably slimmer Belle who sings 'Something There'\". Woolverton created Belle as part of \"her self-directed mandate to move women and girls forward.\" \"The Express-Times \"described the character as an intelligent young woman who \"sings songs about reading and wanting to gain knowledge, rather than","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426473","text":"the independent, self-assured character of Belle,\" concluding, \"Unlike Disney heroines from Snow White through Ariel, Belle is smart, knows what she wants, and doesn't spend her time pining away for the love of a handsome prince.\" Marc Bernardin of \"Entertainment Weekly \"praised Belle's heroism, dubbing her \"the hero\" of \"Beauty and the Beast\", while \"Entertainment Weekly's\" Christian Blauvelt opined, \"Unlike previous Disney heroines who needed to be rescued by a prince themselves, Belle not only saves the Beast's life, she saves his soul.\" TLC's Vicki Arkoff received Belle as a \"smart\" and \"sharp-tongued\" heroine, crediting the character for \"break[ing] Disney's","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426463","text":"Teen Choice Awards. She also received nominations for the Empire Award for Best Actress, the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for \"Favorite Movie Actress\" and the Saturn Award for Best Actress. Belle appeared in the Broadway musical adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\". The role was originated by actress Susan Egan, who was initially reluctant to audition for \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she \"thought it was a terrible idea for Disney to put a cartoon on Broadway.\" However, her agent managed to convince her otherwise, and Egan ultimately turned down callbacks for roles in the musicals \"My Fair Lady\", \"Carousel","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426482","text":"feminist Disney characters, describing her as an \"incredibly intelligent\" woman who \"doesn't stand for a man who considers her as just a piece of meat ... she wants someone who loves her for her mind too.\" Acknowledging the character's \"feminist longings,\" Daniel Eagen, author of \"America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry\", cited Belle as Disney's \"modern-day corrective to Snow White.\" \"Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works\" author Phyllis Frus wrote that, initially, \"Beauty and the Beast \"does not seem \"remotely feminist.\" However, the author did acknowledge Belle as","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426474","text":"passive-princess mold.\" About.com's David Nusair described Belle as an \"admirable\" heroine. AllMovie's Don Kaye and Perry Seibert echoed each other's reviews of the character, with Kaye describing both Belle and the Beast as \"three-dimensional ... complex individuals who defy stereotyping and change over the course of the story,\" and Seibert calling Belle a \"strong female character\" who \"sidesteps most of the clichés surrounding Disney heroines.\" Common Sense Media hailed Belle as \"one of Disney's smartest, most independent heroines.\" Meanwhile, Belle's relationship with the Beast has also been met with positive reviews. About.com's David Nusair wrote that \"the palpable chemistry between","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"5282262","text":"recording for the new production was released in May 2008, starring Julia Möller as Belle, David Ordinas as Beast, Pablo Puyol as Gaston, Raúl Peña as LeFou, Armando Pita as Lumière, Esteban Oliver as Cogsworth and Angels Jiménez as Mrs. Potts. A \"junior\" version of the musical for middle and high school students was published by MTI. This version only included a selected number of the songs, including \"Belle\", \"Belle (Reprise)\", \"Home\", \"Home (Tag)\", \"Gaston\", \"Gaston (Reprise)\", \"Be Our Guest\", \"Something There\", \"Human Again\", \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"The Mob Song\", \"Home (Reprise)\", and \"Beauty and the Beast (Reprise)\". Also","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"18553351","text":"not model healthy romantic relationships for young viewers. Constance Grady of Vox writes that Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's \"Beauty and the Beast\" was a fairy tale originally written to prepare young girls in 18th-century France for arranged marriages, and that the power disparity is amplified in the Disney version. Anna Menta of \"Elite Daily\" argued that the Beast does not apologize to Belle for imprisoning, hurting, or manipulating her, and his treatment of Belle is not painted as wrong. Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"},{"docid":"13805365","text":"tells her about the curse. All his former subjects reappear along with her family who can now visit her whenever they want. She is also now a princess. Beauty and the Beast (1987 film) Beauty and the Beast (alternatively: Cannon Movie Tales: Beauty and the Beast in United States, Die Schöne und das Biest in West Germany, La Bella e la Bestia in Italy, La Belle et la Bête in France) is a 1987 American/Israeli musical film, part of the 1980 film series Cannon Movie Tales. It is a contemporary version of the classic tale of Beauty and the Beast.","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1987 film)"},{"docid":"7426472","text":"everything around her.\" Jennie Punter of \"The Globe and Mail \"extolled Belle as a \"smart, courageous ... 'take-charge kind of gal',\" while crowning her the \"main attraction of \"Beauty and the Beast\".\" Emma Cochrane of \"Empire\" hailed Belle as \"a feminist heroine who [is] more rounded than previous Disney characters\", while \"Paste's\" Annlee Ellingson similarly enjoyed the character's \"feminist kick.\" Stephen Hunter of \"The Baltimore Sun \"wrote that \"Belle ... is no passive fairy tale princess, but a real live girl, with a spunky personality and her own private agenda.\" \"TV Guide \"wrote that \"The familiar narrative is strengthened by","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"18553281","text":"a rose from his garden as a gift to Belle. When Maurice's horse returns without him, Belle ventures out in search for him, and finds him locked in the castle dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her take Maurice's place. Belle befriends the castle's servants, who invite her to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders into the forbidden west wing and finds the rose, the Beast scares her into the woods. She is ambushed by a pack of wolves, but the Beast rescues her, and is injured in the process. As Belle nurses his wounds, a friendship develops between them,","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"},{"docid":"2679607","text":"He explains that everyone understands how Beast feels about the holiday, but giving a gift to another is a way of saying \"I care about you\". The Beast gets in the mood, and demands Forte to compose a song as a present, who agrees unhappily. When he leaves, Forte puts his plans in motion, and plays beautiful music, attracting Belle to his room. Forte quickly manipulates the situation, telling her that the tree has always been Beast's favorite part of Christmas, and that she would find a much better tree in the Black Forest, the woods outside the castle. Getting","title":"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas"},{"docid":"18553285","text":"off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his tower, who is too heartbroken from belle's departure to fight back, but regains his spirit upon seeing Belle return. He defeats Gaston, but spares his life before reuniting with Belle. Ungrateful and unrepentant, Gaston mortally wounds the Beast with a gunshot from a bridge, but it collapses when the castle crumbles, and he falls to his death. The injured Beast tells Belle that he was happy to see her again then he dies in her arms as the last petal falls, and the servants become inanimate. Belle tearfully professes her love","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"},{"docid":"18553284","text":"remember him with leaving him and his servants heartbroken. At Villeneuve, Belle reveals the Beast in the mirror to the townsfolk, proving her father's sanity. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, a jealous Gaston claims she has been charmed by dark magic, and has her thrown into the asylum carriage with her father. He rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to slay the Beast before he curses the whole village. Maurice and Belle escape, and Belle rushes back to the castle. During the battle, Gaston abandons his companion LeFou, who then sides with the servants to fend","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"},{"docid":"11174673","text":"Beast\" as an arrogant hunter who is determined to marry Belle, whom he considers to be the village's most beautiful woman. However, she refuses his proposal when he throws a wedding party without her prior knowledge. Belle is the only one in town who actually dislikes Gaston for the person he is inside. Thoroughly humiliated, he sulks, but when her father Maurice shows up saying that she has been captured by a hideous Beast, he comes up with the idea of having him thrown into an insane asylum, unless Belle agrees to marry him. His plan fails when Belle proves","title":"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8316062","text":"encounter and defeat Maleficent, who transforms into her dragon form and challenges them once again, only to be defeated once more. The four heroes find Kairi, but the circumstances cause Sora, Donald, Goofy and Kairi to leave Hollow Bastion, and Beast states that he will not leave without Belle. Later on, Beast encounters Sora once again when he returns to Hollow Bastion to lock the Keyhole. During their second search, Beast and Sora find Belle, who embraces Beast and presents Sora with the Divine Rose Keychain. In the \"Final Mix\" version of the game, Beast allies himself with Sora once","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"15974794","text":"Beauty and the Beast (2009 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2009 Australian fantasy film directed by David Lister and starring Estella Warren, Rhett Giles, and Victor Parascos, and loosely based upon the fairy tale of the same name. The film was released in 2009 on video under that title and aired in 2010 on Syfy television as \"Beauty and the Beasts: A Dark Tale\". A series of horrific murders has the Beast being blamed for the crimes. Belle (Estella Warren) and Beast (Victor Parascos) must work together to investigate the crimes and discover who the true murderer is","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2009 film)"},{"docid":"8316072","text":"behavior. Although the Beast does not seem to have become increasing feral the longer the enchantment runs, in contrast to his animated counterpart from 1991 (reflecting Don Hahn's original intent for the Beast eventually grow wild if he never met Belle), it is his transformed servants who are gradually losing their remaining humanity while the castle deteriorates. The last rose petal falls before the curse is broken; however, upon seeing Belle profess her love for the Beast, the enchantress reveals herself and lifts the spell on the castle and its inhabitants. Afterward, Prince and Belle host a ball for all","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426464","text":"\"and \"Grease\" in favor of starring as Belle in \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she had always wanted to originate a Broadway role. Egan had never watched \"Beauty and the Beast \"prior to her audition, relying solely on \"her own creative instincts\" instead. Egan's performance earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical at the 48th Tony Awards. A total of seventeen actresses have portrayed Belle in the Broadway musical, among them recording artists Debbie Gibson and Toni Braxton, \"The Sopranos\"' Jamie-Lynn Sigler, and Disney Channel alumnae Christy Carlson Romano and Anneliese van der Pol, the","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"1208697","text":"castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston. The third and fourth video games based on the film are action platformers developed by Probe Software and published by Hudson Soft. One, titled \"Beauty and the Beast\", was released in Europe in 1994 for the NES, while the other, \"Disney's Beauty and the Beast\", was released in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23 1995 for the SNES. The entire games are played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)"},{"docid":"6915946","text":"for the truth ... we don't know we're in love until we spend time with someone and unforced adjustments make the pieces fall into place.\" \"The Emperor's Old Groove: Decolonizing Disney's Magic Kingdom\" author Brenda Ayres cited the song as an \"[indicator] that a reciprocal power relationship has developed between Belle and the Beast ... confirm[ing] 'his transformation, her legitimacy, and their powerful unity.\" According to the lyricist's website, \"Beauty and the Beast\" summarizes the way in which \"Belle tames the beast and finds the happy ending she has dreamed about.\" \"The Meanings of \"Beauty and the Beast\": A Handbook\"","title":"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"},{"docid":"11174680","text":"bridge where Gaston is standing breaks into pieces, sending Gaston falling to his death. Unlike in the animated movie, Gaston's death is shown onscreen. Gaston appears in Broadway musical adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\", which premiered at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on April 18, 1994. The role was originated by actor Burke Moses, who received a nomination for a Drama Desk Award and won a Theatre World Award. Besides the songs \"Belle\", \"Gaston\", and \"Kill the Beast\" (which were from the Disney movie), Gaston performs \"Me\" (in which he self-centeredly proposes to Belle), \"Gaston (Reprise)\" (which was expanded to have","title":"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426420","text":"filmmakers. Despite the fact that Disney wanted \"Beauty and the Beast\" to resemble an old-fashioned film, the filmmakers envisioned Belle as \"a woman that was ahead of her time\". As the first woman in the history of Disney to write a feature-length animated film, Woolverton decided to explore Belle as an opportunity to create a female character who would ultimately be better received than Disney's previous animated heroines, specifically Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid\". Woolverton was aware that the task would be particularly challenging due to the previous character's popularity, but fought relentlessly to make sure that she was creating","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"5282239","text":"The Beast. This production closed in 2003. The third national tour opened in 2001 and closed in 2003. This production starred Jennifer Shraeder as Belle and Roger Befeler as the Beast with Marc G. Dalio as Gaston. Notable replacements on the tours have included Sarah Litzsinger, Erin Dilly and Danyelle Bossardet as Belle. The three touring companies visited 137 venues in 90 North American cities. About 5.5 million people in the United States and Canada saw these tours. The fourth national tour of \"Beauty and the Beast\" began February 2010, opening in Providence, Rhode Island, starring Liz Shivener as Belle","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"7426459","text":"is the show's version of the Beast). She is portrayed by Australian actress Emilie de Ravin. Another live-action version of the character appeared in the 2015 television film \"Descendants\", where she was played by Keegan Connor Tracy and serves as the Queen of the United States of Auradon. The series \"Sofia the First\" included a cameo by Belle in a 2013 episode. British actress Amy Jackson who portrayed as \"Belle\" opposite Indian actor Vikram, who being portrayed as \"Beast\" for sequences in a dreamy song \"\"Ennodu Nee Irundhal\"\" in the 2015 Tamil language romantic thriller \"\"I\"\". The original prosthetic make-up","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426432","text":"\"that to solve this she \"softened and used the microphone.\" As per the filmmakers' encouragement, the actress would occasionally ad-lib her own dialogue, none was included in the final film because it sounded \"too modern\". The animators would videotape O'Hara daily while she recorded to incorporate her \"quirky\" mannerisms, expressions and gestures into the character, among them her hair constantly falling into her eyes. O'Hara and American actor Robby Benson, who provides the voice of the Beast, asked Disney to allow the co-stars to record together as opposed to the traditional method of being isolated in a recording booth, to","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8316054","text":"retrieve Belle, explains that the household cannot find her, Beast becomes enraged. He goes to Forte to ask for advice, and Forte lies that Belle has abandoned him. Beast manages to find Belle and saves her in time from drowning after she fell through thin ice. Still believing that Belle disobeyed him by breaking her promise not to leave, Beast locks her into the dungeons to rot. But when Forte goads him into destroying the rose to end his suffering, Beast finds Belle's book in the West Wing and reads it, coming to his senses and realizing that all Belle","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8316065","text":"senses thanks to his servants who were released by Sora. Xaldin appears to flee. Later on, during a ball, Xaldin returns and steals the rose, throwing Beast into a depression and causing him to ask Belle and Sora to leave his castle. However a pep talk from Sora spurs him back into action. Xaldin confronts them and sends his Nobodies at them. They fight the Nobodies off, but Xaldin escapes to the castle drawbridge with Belle and the rose. Belle manages to escape from Xaldin's clutches with the rose, and Xaldin is then killed by Beast, Sora, Donald and Goofy.","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8316064","text":"If that happens, Beast will not only become a strong Heartless which Sora would have to destroy and feed to Kingdom Hearts, but also leave behind a powerful Nobody for Xaldin to use as he wishes (just like what happened to Xehanort). Manipulated and controlled, Beast is forced to allow the Heartless into the castle and lock the entire servant staff in the dungeons, with Belle too scared to intervene. Beast starts mistreating Belle. When Sora, Donald and Goofy arrive, they are encountered by Beast, who attacks them without hesitation. Sora wins the battle, and Beast comes back to his","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426477","text":"complimented Watson's performance, describing it as \"alert and solemn\" while noting her singing ability as \"serviceable enough to get the job done\". Richard Roeper of \"Chicago Sun-Times\" also lauded Watson's performance writing that she \"is all pluck and spunk and sass and smarts and fierce independence as Belle\". Stephen Whitty of the \"New York Daily News\" described Watson's portrayal of Belle as \"breakthrough\". While Tim Robey of \"The Daily Telegraph\" did not find Watson to be \"a flawless Belle\", he did overall say that \"she’s good: that girl-next-door winsomeness and a sweet, clear singing voice see her through.\" He also","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"14827949","text":"Than Forever'...echoes the first five notes of \"Beauty and the Beast.\" It is sung within the context of the film as a love song, and again performed over the credits as an RnB ballad by Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne. In the 1994 animated film, the song was performed by vocalists, Liz Callaway, as the singing voice of Princess Odette, and Howard McGillin, as the speaking and singing voice of Prince Derek. In the closing credits, a popular rendition of the song was performed by renowned R&B recording artists, Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne. Michelle Nicastro and Kenneth Cope sings","title":"Far Longer than Forever"},{"docid":"7426469","text":"the other characters from the first movie appear in the stage show, Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Walt Disney World. Belle appears in a meet-and-greet attraction at Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland called Enchanted Tales with Belle. In season 18 of \"Dancing With the Stars\", Danica McKellar played Belle while performing a Quickstep on a Disney themed episode. Ginger Zee and Edyta Śliwińska also both portrayed Belle while performing a Foxtrot and Waltz respectively during the Disney night episode of the 22nd season of \"Dancing with the Stars\". Emma Slater then played Belle while dancing a","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426456","text":"because he longs to maintain his co-dependent relationship with his master. Tricked by Forte into retrieving a large Christmas tree from a frozen pond, Belle nearly drowns, only to be rescued by the Beast. The Beast, however, having been misinformed by Forte, wrongly accuses Belle of trying to escape again, and locks her in the dungeon as punishment. When the Beast finally discovers the truth, they forgive each other, and Belle helps him thwart Forte's plan to destroy the castle. \"\" (1998), depicts Belle as she interacts with both the Beast and his enchanted servants in various segments, exploring themes","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8316046","text":"old man named Maurice who accidentally stumbles upon the castle, being allowed inside by the servants for shelter. However, the Beast detains Maurice in the tower as a prisoner for trespassing. Maurice's horse returns back to the village, and then takes Maurice's daughter Belle back to the castle. In the tower Belle confronts Beast and pleads with him to let her father go, offering herself as a prisoner instead, to which the Beast agrees in return for her promise never to leave. Being prodded by his servants into believing that she is the key to breaking the spell, the Beast","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8426535","text":"fear that Belle could never learn to love him. Belle, on a tour through the castle, enters the West Wing and discovers the rose. The Beast is furious at Belle, because he told her never to enter that part of the castle. All of this causes Belle and the Beast to argue. But the others advise Beast to be a gentleman, because Belle could be the one to break the curse. The castle's charming inhabitants discover that there is \"Something There\" that wasn't there before (\"Something There\"), and the two fall in love. Meanwhile, Gaston declares that Belle has rejected","title":"Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage"},{"docid":"8316068","text":"of \"the Beast\" is actually another fairy tale character, Rumplestiltskin (played by Robert Carlyle), who gains possession of Belle as part of a deal to save Belle's kingdom from losing a war. Indian actor Vikram portrayed Beast for sequences in a dreamy song \"Ennodu Nee Irundhal\" in the 2015 Tamil language film \"\"I\"\" opposite Amy Jackson who portrayed Belle. The original prosthetic make-up for the characters were provided by Sean Foot (Shaun) and Davina Lamont and additional works were done by National Film Award winners—Christien Tinsley and Dominie Till. In March 2015, English actor Dan Stevens was cast as the","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"5282220","text":"earn her love in return by the time the last petal falls (\"Prologue\"). Ten years later, a beautiful young girl named Belle makes her way into town one morning in order to get a book from the local bookseller. On the way she expresses her wish to live in a world like her books, full of adventure, while the townspeople note her unparalleled beauty but find her love of books odd (\"Belle\"). Belle has also attracted the attention of Gaston (the local hunter and town hero), who admires her only for her beauty. Belle, however, is not oblivious to her","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"18192827","text":"him and his castle will be broken, she will marry him and become a princess. The final boss of the game is Gaston, a hunter who will try to steal Belle from the \"Beast\". Disney's Beauty and the Beast (SNES video game) Disney's Beauty and the Beast is an action platformer for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Based on the 1991 Disney film of the same name, it was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America on July 1, 1994 and Europe on February 23, 1995, respectively. The game was published by Virgin Interactive in","title":"Disney's Beauty and the Beast (SNES video game)"},{"docid":"8316060","text":"several bunches of flowers around the Beast's bed. At one point, the Beast begins to smell one of the flowers and almost wakes up, but it is removed just in time, and he falls asleep again. Beast appears as a major Disney character in the bestselling video game series \"Kingdom Hearts\". In the first \"Kingdom Hearts\", during a time in which the spell had not yet broken, Beast's home is attacked by the Heartless, led by Maleficent, who take Belle captive. Determined to rescue Belle, Beast goes as far as to exploit the power of darkness and risk his own","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426491","text":"18% of votes. Belle is the fifth most successful Disney Princess in terms of box office revenue, with \"Beauty and the Beast\" having grossed over $350 million. However, Belle was the lowest-selling Disney Princess on eBay in 2013, with sales of less than $7,000 despite the fact that she is often cited as a customer favorite. Belle is considered to be among Disney's most beloved animated heroines. According to Scott Huver of \"People\", the character's \"popularity remains a force to be reckoned with\" even 25 years after the film's release. Belle was the only animated heroine nominated for the American","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"16862032","text":"Berardinelli of \"ReelViews \"described \"Belle\" as \"the animated equivalent of Broadway show-stoppers, with all the energy and audacity of something choreographed by Busby Berkeley.\" Similarly, the \"New York Post\"s Lou Lumenick also hailed \"Belle\" as a \"show-stopper\". Ranking \"Beauty and the Beast \"Disney's third greatest animated film while hailing it as \"the best Disney movie musical,\" Gregory Ellwood of HitFix wrote, \"you can't argue the cinematic joy in numbers such as the opening 'Belle'.\" Ranking \"Beauty and the Beast \"the \"Best Disney Soundtrack ... of the Past 25 Years\", Moviefone's Sandie Angulo Chen highlighted \"Belle\", commenting, \"There's an infectious quality","title":"Belle (Disney song)"},{"docid":"8620930","text":"observed that the song adheres to the comedic tone of the rest of the film's soundtrack in his book \"100 Greatest American and British Animated Films\". Combined, Egan and the Muses' vocals span two octaves, from G to C. Egan's vocal performance is more restrained than those of the actresses who voice Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989) and Belle from \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Chelsea Fagan of \"Thought Catalog\" described Egan's voice as \"sarcastic\" and \"smoky\", while \"Billboard\"'s Taylor Weatherby called it \"soulfully belt[ed]\". Allison Shoemaker of \"Consequence of Sound\" likened the Muses to a Greek chorus. Although","title":"I Won't Say (I'm in Love)"},{"docid":"7426475","text":"Belle and The Beast ensur[es] that \"Beauty and the Beast\" lives up to its reputation as one of the most memorable romances of all time.\" Describing it as an \"unconventional romance,\" Charles Solomon of the \"Los Angeles Times \"opined, \"The idea of a young woman learning to love a gentle heart hidden beneath a baleful exterior represented a major break with tradition.\" Likewise, critics enjoyed O'Hara's performance. According to \"Variety\", Belle was \"magnificently voiced by O’Hara.\" \"The Star-Ledger's\" Stephen Whitty enjoyed O'Hara's \"pretty soprano.\" John Hartl of \"The Seattle Times \"wrote, \"O'Hara does a spirited job of investing the character","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426454","text":"she discovers an enchanted rose without realizing that it is tied to the Beast's fate; and the Beast's rage at her trespassing causes her to flee the castle on horseback. Belle is pursued by wolves in the woods but they are driven off by the Beast, afterwards Belle helps the injured Beast back to the castle and nurses him back to health. Although she initially dislikes her captor, Belle gradually learns to accept the Beast in spite of his appearance and eventually befriends him. Belle and the Beast's strong bond greatly envies Gaston to the point of which he storms","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8426537","text":"that the love of \"Beauty and the Beast\" will thrive forever. Instantly, Belle and the prince reappear in their traditional costumes. (\"Beauty and the Beast\") During the curtain call, Belle and the Prince give a lucky person in the audience a rose similar to the one in the movie. The original version opened for the film's 1991 premiere. Its first performance was at 1:30 pm on November 22, 1991, the same day the film was released. When the Theater of the Stars was moved in September 1993 (to make room for the construction of Sunset Boulevard), the show was temporarily","title":"Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage"},{"docid":"17628854","text":"song \"A Change in Me\" was kept in the production after being written for Toni Braxton during her stint as Belle. The Beauty and the Beast universe encompasses two main locations: a French village and a castle, which are linked by woods. As the three spin-off films all take place within the time period of the original film, the plot of the \"Beauty and the Beast\" franchise is encompassed in the original 1991 film, which the other films serving to give added insight to certain parts of the story that were skimmed over (such as when Belle is living in","title":"Beauty and the Beast (franchise)"},{"docid":"7426471","text":"as \"a bookworm, with gumption and a mind of her own.\" Similarly comparing Belle to Ariel, John Hartl of \"The Seattle Times\" wrote that, in \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"there's rarely a sense of deja vu, perhaps because the heroine is so different from 'Mermaid's' dependent Ariel, and her dilemma is more poignant,\" while \"Boxoffice \"scribed, \"Undoubtedly in response to criticism that the cute little 'Mermaid' Ariel was nothing more than a precocious sexpot, the idea-people behind this beauty—aptly named Belle ... chose to make her an icon of self-reliance and a voracious reader with a curiosity and love for","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"7426487","text":"misogynist) the endgame is the still the same, elaborating, \"When the movie ends, they’re still solidly with a man, their dreams of adventure abandoned. Therefore, the Disney renaissance is characterized more by theoretical want of adventure rather than a genuine pursuit.\" Deemed an \"iconoclast\" by \"Boxoffice\", Belle continues to garner strong recognition for her role in \"Beauty and the Beast\". Established as a cultural icon, the character holds the distinction of being Disney's first feminist princess. Commentators believe that the character's role in \"Beauty and the Beast\" as one of Disney's first strong female characters is responsible for changing the","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8316063","text":"again to fight and defeat Xemnas (then known as \"Unknown\"). In \"\", Beast is merely a figment of Sora's memories. He is once again separated from Belle, courtesy of Maleficent, but once more, Beast defeats Maleficent with Sora's help and rescues Belle. After Sora defeats Ansem, all the previously attacked worlds are restored, including Beast's Castle. Afterwards, Beast and Belle return to their home to carry on with their lives. However, the peace is shattered once again when Beast is approached by Xaldin of Organization XIII to do his bidding. Xaldin is determined to manipulate Beast into becoming a Heartless.","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"5161117","text":"Pol would be making her Broadway debut as Belle, in \"Beauty and the Beast\". Van der Pol was the musical's 17th (and final) Belle. She played the role from April 3, 2007 to July 29, 2007 as the show reached its 5,464th (and final) performance. During her run as Belle, van der Pol also performed at Bryant Park's Broadway in Bryant Park on July 12, 2007 along \"Beauty and the Beast\" co-stars Chris Hoch and Jeanne Lehmann, performing songs from the show. Prior to \"Beauty\"'s final show, van der Pol appeared on \"Live with Regis and Kelly\" for a small","title":"Anneliese van der Pol"},{"docid":"7426419","text":"the fairy tale, and ultimately ordered that it be restarted from scratch in favor of creating a Broadway-style musical film starring a strong heroine, more similar to \"The Little Mermaid\". Opting instead for a \"feminist twist\" on the original story, Katzenberg hired television writer Linda Woolverton, who had never written an animated film before, to write the film's screenplay. Before \"Beauty and the Beast\", Disney's tradition of depicting female characters as victims had already long been established. The fact that Belle was hardly depicted as a feminist in earlier versions of the film became a point of contention among the","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"17628852","text":"Josh Gad as LeFou. \"Sing Me a Story with Belle\" was a live-action spin-off series created by Patrick Davidson and Melissa Gould. It featured Belle, who now owns and manages the bookshop in the village. The show ran for 65 episodes on The Disney Channel from September 8, 1995 to December 11, 1999. Two episodes from the first season were released with an episode of an abandoned \"Beauty and the Beast\" cartoon series and were released direct-to-video as Belle's Tales of Friendship. A musical, based on the original animated film, debuted April 18, 1994, on Broadway at the Palace Theatre.","title":"Beauty and the Beast (franchise)"},{"docid":"8316050","text":"of behavior, the Beast decides to show mercy and spare Gaston on the condition that he immediately leave the castle. Belle then shows up on the balcony and the Beast climbs up to meet her; however Gaston refuses to accept defeat and stabs the Beast from behind. Gaston loses his balance and falls from the castle roof to his death, but Belle manages to grab the Beast and pull him up. The Beast, knowing he is mortally wounded, expresses his appreciation to Belle for returning and being able to see her one last time, before falling unconscious and apparently succumbing","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"17511498","text":"dinner, the Beast apologizes for his previous behavior. Belle makes the Beast a proposal; she will dance with him, if she is allowed to see her family one last time. The two begin to dance though amidst it all, the Beast asks for Belle's love. Jarred, Belle demands to see her family as she had bargained. When the Beast refuses, Belle fervently rejects him once again. That same night, she witnesses the Beast prey upon and devour a hog. In shock, she attempts to escape by running into the enchanted forest only for the Beast to catch up to her","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)"},{"docid":"8316067","text":"the events that occurred between \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Kingdom Hearts II\", such as Belle and Beast attempting to resume their normal lives and Beast's first encounter with Xaldin. The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", originally portrayed by Terrence Mann. Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997), James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard. The movie and others never made mention of his real name. A CD-ROM game said \"The Prince's name is Adam.\" In the 2011 ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\", the show's version","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"5282247","text":"the second country to host the musical. Disney had plans to bring it to the country in 1999, after the success in Argentina, but nobody really knew if it would work. Three years later, in 2002, \"Beauty and the Beast\" finally opened in Brazil at Teatro Abril, one of the biggest theaters in the country. It was a huge hit, for more than one and a half years, it was presented with Kiara Sasso playing Belle and Saulo Vasconcelos playing the Beast. In 2009, a new Belle and a new Beast were cast, Lissah Martins and Ricardo Vieira, as the","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"5282243","text":"for the production in Mexico City in 1997. The Toronto production opened at the Princess of Wales Theatre on August 8, 1995, and closed in 1998. The production starred Kerry Butler as Belle and Chuck Wagner as the Beast, and Terry Doyle as Maurice. Notable replacements included Melissa Thomson as Belle and Steve Blanchard as the Beast. The lesser known Halifax production at the Neptune Theatre was the longest running production in the theatre's history. \"Beauty and the Beast\" has been performed in more than 30 countries, including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"13805359","text":"Beauty and the Beast (1987 film) Beauty and the Beast (alternatively: Cannon Movie Tales: Beauty and the Beast in United States, Die Schöne und das Biest in West Germany, La Bella e la Bestia in Italy, La Belle et la Bête in France) is a 1987 American/Israeli musical film, part of the 1980 film series Cannon Movie Tales. It is a contemporary version of the classic tale of Beauty and the Beast. The movie was filmed entirely in Israel, and the taglines were: \"The monster they feared was the prince she loved\" and \"The classic fairy tale about seeing with","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1987 film)"},{"docid":"20071635","text":"learned how to love instead would be more suitable due to the film's three-act structure. \"Evermore\" is a somber Broadway-influenced power ballad; its lyrics explore themes such as true love, heartbreak, loneliness and sacrifice. In \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"Evermore\" is performed by the Beast shortly after he releases Belle from the castle so that she may return to the village and aid her father. Despite knowing that freeing her will further jeopardize his chances of becoming human again, the Beast realizes he loves Belle and ultimately sacrifices his own happiness in return for hers. Critical reception towards \"Evermore\" has","title":"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"},{"docid":"7426423","text":"Belle's relationship with Gaston. At one point, Belle had a younger sister named Clarice and a cruel aunt named Marguerite, both of whom were discarded – Clarice to emphasize Belle's loneliness, and Marguerite to be replaced by Gaston as the film's villain. Woolverton also eliminated the subplot of Belle asking her father for a rose. Despite constant \"regressive\" re-writes, Woolverton's overall vision for Belle generally remained intact. \"Beauty and the Beast\"'s story department was predominantly male, a time during which few women were involved. Woolverton often found herself at odds and disagreeing with the more traditional story artists in regards","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"8316051","text":"to his injuries. Belle is able to tell the Beast that she loves him before the final petal falls. Then, Belle's declaration of love for the Beast breaks the spell and transforms him back into the prince. In this film, which takes place not long after the Beast rescued Belle from the wolves, much to Beast's frustration, Belle wants to celebrate Christmas and throw a real Christmas party. Beast hates the idea of Christmas, for it was the very day almost ten years ago when the Enchantress cast the spell on him and the entire castle. (In contrast to the","title":"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"2679610","text":"the flower petals fall on the present. Beast then remembers the gift Belle gave him, opens it and reads it. Remembering there is hope to break the spell, he ignores Forte and releases Belle, asking her for forgiveness. After she accepts, the Beast announces plans to have the best Christmas ever. Enraged at the failure of his plans, Forte plans to bring the whole castle down with the rationale that they cannot fall in love if they're dead. This horrifies Fife, who finds it far too extreme and then he learns that his promised solo is blank. The Beast manages","title":"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas"},{"docid":"17511502","text":"including Belle's brothers. The Beast stops his attack when Belle begs for mercy. Perducas stabs the Beast, mortally wounding him. Suddenly, vines sprout about the castle destroying anything in their paths. Perducas's lover, Astrid, is killed when he abandons her, but not before cursing him of his fate. Perducas is soon killed by the vines and turned into a human tree. Belle and her brothers carry the Beast into the castle, and place him into the healing pool of water. Dying, the Beast asks whether Belle could ever love him, and she counters that she already does. The Beast sinks","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)"},{"docid":"5282245","text":"opened in Japan and is performed by the Shiki Theatre Company. The musical continues to tour Japan. In December 1997, the musical opened in Stuttgart at the Palladium Theatre, Stuttgart and played there until December 22, 2000. Leah Delos Santos played Belle and Uwe Kröger played the Beast and Marc G. Dalio played Gaston. In 1999, the musical opened in China. On March 4, 2005, Beauty and the Beast had its Scandinavian premiere at The Göteborg Opera with Fred Johanson as the Beast and Annica Edstam as Belle. On June 16, 2005, the musical began its Philippine run at the","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"5282230","text":"by showing the townspeople the Beast is real using the Magic Mirror, but doesn't realize the error in her gesture. The townspeople immediately fear the Beast, but Belle insists he's gentle and kind. Gaston catches her tone and recognizes the Beast as his rival for Belle's affections and organizes the mob to kill the Beast (\"Mob Song\"). In order to warn the Beast, Belle and Maurice decide to beat the mob to the castle. However, Gaston and the mob had already reached the castle before Belle and Maurice did. At the castle, the servants are able to keep the lynch","title":"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"},{"docid":"7426455","text":"the castle and mortally wounds the Beast, though Gaston falls to his own death in the process. However, Belle confesses her love for the Beast just in time to break the spell under which he had been placed by an enchantress as punishment for his selfish ways, and the Beast ultimately transforms back into a handsome prince. In \" \"(1997), Belle attempts to reignite the castle's waning spirit by reintroducing and celebrating Christmas, in spite of the Beast's strong resentment towards the holiday. Meanwhile, a solemn pipe organ named Forte grows determined to sabotage Belle and the Beast's burgeoning friendship","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"4187291","text":"theft but then suggests that one of his daughters can take his place. The Beast offers his horse Magnificent to guide him through the forest home. Belle's father explains the situation to his family and Avenant. Belle agrees to go and take her father's place. She rides Magnificent to the castle, finding the Beast. Belle faints at the sight of him and is carried to her room in the castle. Belle awakens to find a magic mirror which allows her to see anything. The Beast invites Belle to dinner, where he tells her that she's in equal command to him","title":"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)"},{"docid":"6915926","text":"teapot, midway through the film as she explains the feeling of love to her young teacup son Chip, referring to the emotion as \"a tale as old as time\". According to Armen Karaoghlanian of Interiors, \"Belle familiarizes the Beast with the waltz and as soon he feels comfortable, he gracefully moves her across the floor\". Afterwards, the song continues to play instrumentally as Belle and the Beast retire to the balcony for a romantic candlelit dinner. Believed to be the \"centerpiece that brings Beauty and her Beast together,\" the sequence offers an insight into both characters' psyches. From the Beast's","title":"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"6915915\",\n \"text\": \"of love is as timeless and ageless as a \\\"tale as old as time\\\". Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shortened chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently in other pieces of Menken's film score. Lansbury was initially hesitant to record \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" because she felt that it was not suitable for her aging singing voice, but ultimately completed the song in one take. \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" was subsequently recorded as a pop duet by Canadian singer Celine\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426496\",\n \"text\": \"protective of Belle, explaining, \\\"[she] was my first-born child, so there’s a little bit of possessiveness, which really I had to let it go\\\". \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", Belle performs the film's opening number, \\\"Belle\\\", which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992. In 1998, O'Hara was nominated for an Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production for reprising her role as Belle in the second of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\"'s three direct-to-video sequels, \\\"Belle's Magical World\\\". To commemorate\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426436\",\n \"text\": \"which her voice has changed over the course of 20 years. O'Hara would eventually return as the voice of Belle in the 2018 film \\\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\\\". According to producer Don Hahn, Beaumont's Belle is an \\\"incredibly passive\\\" character, the personality of whom he likened to those of Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella, as well as American actress and animal rights activist Doris Day, describing them as women who are \\\"capable, but filling a role that women might fill in the 1950s and 1960s.” The filmmakers painstakingly reworked Belle into a more three-dimensional character by providing her with goals and\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426433\",\n \"text\": \"which the studio agreed despite its costliness. O'Hara credited the filmmaker's decision with developing both the film and Belle and the Beast's relationship. O'Hara and Benson became the first Disney voice actors to record together. In total, the recording process took over two years to complete. O'Hara had already been friends with co-star Richard White, who voices Gaston, for 15 years. Despite her successful stage career, O'Hara was virtually unknown to Hollywood audiences when she was cast in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\"; she was one of the last obscure actresses to be cast in a feature-length Disney animated film before\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426497\",\n \"text\": \"her work on \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" and various contributions to Disney, O'Hara was honored with a Disney Legends award on August 19, 2011. Disney hired Spanish actress Penélope Cruz to pose as Belle in photographer Annie Leibovitz's Disney Dream Portrait Series, while actor Jeff Bridges posed as the Beast. The \\\"Daily Mail\\\" described the image as Cruz \\\"wearing Belle's gorgeous yellow gown and being lifted high into the air by her prince,\\\" accompanied by the phrase \\\"Where a moment of beauty lasts forever.\\\" Belle (Beauty and the Beast) Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures'\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282191\",\n \"text\": \"against this practice for \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". Eisner concluded that most of the film's original voice actors would be too busy to reprise their roles onstage. In her Broadway debut, then-22-year-old actress Susan Egan was cast as the musical's original Belle. Egan, who had not yet seen the film, had been auditioning for several other Broadway projects at the time – namely \\\"My Fair Lady\\\", \\\"Carousel\\\" and \\\"Grease\\\" – in which she was much more interested. Despite longing to originate a Broadway role, the actress was initially reluctant to audition for \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" because she thought that\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6915914\",\n \"text\": \"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426434\",\n \"text\": \"the studio began casting better known talent in subsequent animated projects. Since the November 1991 release of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", O'Hara has returned to The Walt Disney Company on several occasions to voice Belle in a variety of media and merchandise, including its direct-to-video sequels \\\" \\\"(1997), \\\"Belle's Magical World \\\"(1998) and \\\"Belle's Tales of Friendship \\\"(1999), as well as various video game releases such as the \\\"Kingdom Hearts\\\" series and several audio and video recordings associated with the Disney Princess franchise. Additionally, O'Hara was hired by Disney to perform the song \\\"Belle\\\" at the 64th Academy Awards in\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3746044\",\n \"text\": \"Beast\\\", she portrayed Angela, a character in a fictional soap opera, for Disney's 2007 live action/traditional 2-D animated movie \\\"Enchanted\\\". For her work as Belle, O'Hara was honored with a Disney Legend Award on August 19, 2011. As of 2011, O'Hara was replaced by Julie Nathanson as the voice of Belle due to her voice changing significantly over the course of twenty years. Despite this, she still paints Belle for Disney Fine Art and also continues to do promotional appearances for Disney. In 2016, O'Hara appeared at numerous special screenings of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" in honor of the film's\",\n \"title\": \"Paige O'Hara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4187287\",\n \"text\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film) Beauty and the Beast ( - also the UK title) is a 1946 French romantic fantasy film directed by French poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau. Starring Josette Day as Belle and Jean Marais as the Beast, it is an adaptation of the 1757 story \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and published as part of a fairy tale anthology. The plot of Cocteau's film revolves around Belle's father who is sentenced to death for picking a rose from Beast's garden. Belle offers to go back to the Beast in her\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426452\",\n \"text\": \"help them achieve their respective goals.\\\" Michelle Munro, writing for Durham College of Applied Arts and Technology, felt that even though Belle shares several traits with her more passive predecessors, the character introduced \\\"new possibilities for princesses.\\\" Girls in Capes wrote that Belle pioneered a generation of princesses who taught \\\"about ambition, self-discovery and the pursuit of what we want.\\\" Additionally, Belle remains Disney's first and only princess to have hazel eyes. Belle debuted in \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"(1991) as a beautiful bibliophile who, although praised by her fellow villagers for her unrivaled beauty, is at the same time\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20071647\",\n \"text\": \"song \\\"adds more depth to the character\\\" by \\\"highlighting the changes he goes through throughout the movie.\\\" Similar to \\\"If I Can't Love Her\\\", \\\"Evermore\\\" provides the Beast with \\\"a stronger voice\\\". The song occurs at a pivotal moment in the film during which the Beast bemoans his decision to free Belle, while uncovering both his inner pain and growth as a character as he voices \\\"a sad sense of longing.\\\" For the first time, audiences learn exactly how the Beast feels when he allows Belle to rescue Maurice, summarizing his love for her. In the musical sequence, the Beast\",\n \"title\": \"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282228\",\n \"text\": \"Monsieur D'Arque. They plan to lock Maurice away to blackmail Belle into marrying Gaston (\\\"Maison des Lunes\\\"). In the castle, the Beast and Belle attend a lovely dinner and personal ball, where they dance together in the ballroom (\\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\"). The Beast, who plans to tell Belle he loves her, asks Belle if she is happy here, to which she responds positively but notes that she misses her father. He offers her his Magic Mirror to view him. She sees that Maurice is sick and lost in the woods and fears for his life. But even though the\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4187288\",\n \"text\": \"father's place. Beast falls in love with her and proposes marriage on a nightly basis which she refuses. Belle eventually becomes more drawn to Beast, who tests her by letting her return home to her family and telling her that if she doesn't return to him within a week, he will die of grief. \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" is now recognized as a classic of French cinema. While scrubbing the floor at home, Belle (Josette Day) is interrupted by her brother's friend Avenant (Jean Marais) who tells her she deserves better and suggests they get married. Belle rejects Avenant, as\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426426\",\n \"text\": \"return the focus of the story to Belle. Disney had originally considered casting actress Jodi Benson, who famously voiced Ariel in \\\"The Little Mermaid\\\", as Belle, but ultimately felt that she sounded \\\"too American\\\" and young, opting for a \\\"more classical ... womanly\\\" voice instead. Describing the character as \\\"a woman that was ahead of her time,\\\" the filmmakers wanted Belle to sound \\\"more like a woman than a girl.\\\" However, Benson voiced Belle in a few episodes of Disney's \\\"House of Mouse\\\". Director Kirk Wise was particularly interested in casting an actress capable of \\\"creat[ing] a character completely with\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426480\",\n \"text\": \"fact \\\"feminist enough.\\\" Although \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"was initially lauded upon release for starring a \\\"forward thinking and feminist\\\" heroine, critics tend to agree that, in spite of Belle's independence and resentment towards Gaston, \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" essentially remains a romance about a girl who finally \\\"meets her ideal man.\\\" Acknowledging that Belle \\\"represented significant change from [her] sweet, mop-wielding predecessors,\\\" \\\"Twilight and History\\\" author Nancy Reagin observed that \\\"the end result of fulfillment through marriage has been maintained.\\\" Kathleen Maher of \\\"The Austin Chronicle \\\"cited Belle as an example of \\\"pseudo-feminism\\\" because she rejects one man, Gaston,\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426488\",\n \"text\": \"way in which women would be depicted in subsequent animated films. According to Kevin Fallon of \\\"The Daily Beast\\\", before Belle \\\"being a Disney princess meant singing songs about how much you love combing your hair with a fork and giving away your voice if it meant you got to marry the guy with that dreamy chiseled jaw\\\". The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\"' Charles Solomon considers Belle to be among four Disney Princesses responsible for breaking \\\"the bonds of convention.\\\" About.com's David Nusair agreed that Belle successfully \\\"updated the princess formula for an entirely new generation.\\\" \\\"The Atlantic\\\"'s Lindsay Lowe echoed\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20071645\",\n \"text\": \"song \\\"If I Can't Love Her\\\" in the Broadway musical, identified by Fred Hawson of \\\"ABS-CBN News\\\" as \\\"a grand moving solo\\\" during which the Beast sincerely expresses his undying feelings for Belle. In \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", \\\"Evermore\\\" appears as a solo performed by the Beast shortly before \\\"The Mob Song\\\" as the film approaches its dramatic climax. After the Beast and Belle (Emma Watson) share a dance in the castle's ballroom to Mrs. Potts (Emma Thompson) singing \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", the couple has a conversation during which the Beast learns how much Belle actually misses her father,\",\n \"title\": \"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16862025\",\n \"text\": \"to remain unmodified during production. Hoping to write a song that would successfully \\\"portray [Belle] in a world that is so protected and safe\\\", Ashman and Menken drew inspiration from a story-telling style that is often reserved for traditional operettas. As \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\"s opening number, \\\"Belle\\\", a \\\"pivotal moment...in the narrative\\\", plays a significant role in the film by introducing both the film's heroine, Belle, after whom the song is named, and Gaston, the film's villain. While Belle, a book-loving and intelligent nonconformist who has grown frustrated with her predictable village life, longs for an adventure similar to\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16862033\",\n \"text\": \"to all of the Alan Menken and Howard Ashman songs, like the opening number of 'Belle' (that reveals how different Belle is from the other Disney heroines).\\\" Alongside \\\"Be Our Guest\\\" and \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", \\\"Belle\\\" was one of the three \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" songs that received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992. \\\"Belle\\\" ultimately lost to the film's title and theme song. According to producer Don Hahn, Disney was actually hoping that the award would go to \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" and promoted the song heavily, spending significantly\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2037659\",\n \"text\": \"for Disney's \\\"The Little Mermaid Live\\\" show. Egan performed a medley of songs from \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". The June 6 performance also included the original \\\"Little Mermaid\\\" voice actress Jodi Benson performing with the rest of the \\\"Live\\\" cast. From July 20–29, 2018, Egan reprised the role of Belle in the 5-Star Theatre's production of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" at the Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza. On television, Egan is known for her co-starring role as Nikki Cox's best friend in \\\"Nikki\\\". Egan's voice has been featured in the English language versions of two feature films by Hayao Miyazaki,\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Egan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11174635\",\n \"text\": \"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast) Gaston is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). Voiced by American actor and singer Richard White, Gaston is an arrogant hunter whose unrequited feelings for the intellectual Belle drive him to murder his adversary, the Beast, once he realizes she cares for him instead. Gaston serves as a foil personality to the Beast, who was once as vain as Gaston prior to his transformation. An original character who is not present in the \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de\",\n \"title\": \"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6915952\",\n \"text\": \"rising in the East. Tale as old as time, song as old as rhyme, Beauty and the Beast\\\" as the film's best lyric. \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\"'s Darren Franich, however, admitted to preferring \\\"Be Our Guest\\\" and \\\"Belle\\\" over \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". The ballroom sequence during which Belle and the Beast dance to \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" continues to be praised, especially for its use of computer animation. The first time the \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" musical sequence was made available to the public, it was in the form of an unfinished scene at the New York Film Festival in September\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1208639\",\n \"text\": \"Gaston tries to force Belle to marry him in exchange for her father's release, but she refuses. Belle then proves Maurice's sanity by revealing the Beast to the townsfolk using the magic mirror. Belle angrily confronts Gaston that he is a monster and the Beast is not, enraging Gaston. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston has her thrown into the basement with her father and rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to kill the Beast. Assisted by Chip, who had stowed away in Belle's bag, Maurice and Belle escape and rush back to the castle. The\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16862037\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" at the ceremony, comforted her by telling her, \\\"Paige, if I sang like you I wouldn’t be nervous.\\\" In August 2011, O'Hara performed an abridged version of \\\"Belle\\\" live during the Disney Legends awards ceremony, at which O'Hara was also a recipient. The performance was a \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" medley, during which O'Hara musically combined \\\"Belle\\\" with \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" and \\\"Be Our Guest\\\". In the 2017 live-action adaptation, the song is performed by Emma Watson, Luke Evans, and ensemble. Belle (Disney song) \\\"Belle\\\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426445\",\n \"text\": \"Writing for the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\", Charles Solomon observed inconsistencies in Belle's appearance, writing, \\\"The prettiest and liveliest Belle waltzes with Beast in his marble ballroom and weeps over his body before he's transformed into the Prince\\\" while \\\"The Belle who receives the library from Beast has wider-set eyes and a more prominent mouth than the noticeably slimmer Belle who sings 'Something There'\\\". Woolverton created Belle as part of \\\"her self-directed mandate to move women and girls forward.\\\" \\\"The Express-Times \\\"described the character as an intelligent young woman who \\\"sings songs about reading and wanting to gain knowledge, rather than\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426473\",\n \"text\": \"the independent, self-assured character of Belle,\\\" concluding, \\\"Unlike Disney heroines from Snow White through Ariel, Belle is smart, knows what she wants, and doesn't spend her time pining away for the love of a handsome prince.\\\" Marc Bernardin of \\\"Entertainment Weekly \\\"praised Belle's heroism, dubbing her \\\"the hero\\\" of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", while \\\"Entertainment Weekly's\\\" Christian Blauvelt opined, \\\"Unlike previous Disney heroines who needed to be rescued by a prince themselves, Belle not only saves the Beast's life, she saves his soul.\\\" TLC's Vicki Arkoff received Belle as a \\\"smart\\\" and \\\"sharp-tongued\\\" heroine, crediting the character for \\\"break[ing] Disney's\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426463\",\n \"text\": \"Teen Choice Awards. She also received nominations for the Empire Award for Best Actress, the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for \\\"Favorite Movie Actress\\\" and the Saturn Award for Best Actress. Belle appeared in the Broadway musical adaptation of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". The role was originated by actress Susan Egan, who was initially reluctant to audition for \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" because she \\\"thought it was a terrible idea for Disney to put a cartoon on Broadway.\\\" However, her agent managed to convince her otherwise, and Egan ultimately turned down callbacks for roles in the musicals \\\"My Fair Lady\\\", \\\"Carousel\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426482\",\n \"text\": \"feminist Disney characters, describing her as an \\\"incredibly intelligent\\\" woman who \\\"doesn't stand for a man who considers her as just a piece of meat ... she wants someone who loves her for her mind too.\\\" Acknowledging the character's \\\"feminist longings,\\\" Daniel Eagen, author of \\\"America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry\\\", cited Belle as Disney's \\\"modern-day corrective to Snow White.\\\" \\\"Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works\\\" author Phyllis Frus wrote that, initially, \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"does not seem \\\"remotely feminist.\\\" However, the author did acknowledge Belle as\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426474\",\n \"text\": \"passive-princess mold.\\\" About.com's David Nusair described Belle as an \\\"admirable\\\" heroine. AllMovie's Don Kaye and Perry Seibert echoed each other's reviews of the character, with Kaye describing both Belle and the Beast as \\\"three-dimensional ... complex individuals who defy stereotyping and change over the course of the story,\\\" and Seibert calling Belle a \\\"strong female character\\\" who \\\"sidesteps most of the clichés surrounding Disney heroines.\\\" Common Sense Media hailed Belle as \\\"one of Disney's smartest, most independent heroines.\\\" Meanwhile, Belle's relationship with the Beast has also been met with positive reviews. About.com's David Nusair wrote that \\\"the palpable chemistry between\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282262\",\n \"text\": \"recording for the new production was released in May 2008, starring Julia Möller as Belle, David Ordinas as Beast, Pablo Puyol as Gaston, Raúl Peña as LeFou, Armando Pita as Lumière, Esteban Oliver as Cogsworth and Angels Jiménez as Mrs. Potts. A \\\"junior\\\" version of the musical for middle and high school students was published by MTI. This version only included a selected number of the songs, including \\\"Belle\\\", \\\"Belle (Reprise)\\\", \\\"Home\\\", \\\"Home (Tag)\\\", \\\"Gaston\\\", \\\"Gaston (Reprise)\\\", \\\"Be Our Guest\\\", \\\"Something There\\\", \\\"Human Again\\\", \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", \\\"The Mob Song\\\", \\\"Home (Reprise)\\\", and \\\"Beauty and the Beast (Reprise)\\\". Also\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18553351\",\n \"text\": \"not model healthy romantic relationships for young viewers. Constance Grady of Vox writes that Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" was a fairy tale originally written to prepare young girls in 18th-century France for arranged marriages, and that the power disparity is amplified in the Disney version. Anna Menta of \\\"Elite Daily\\\" argued that the Beast does not apologize to Belle for imprisoning, hurting, or manipulating her, and his treatment of Belle is not painted as wrong. Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13805365\",\n \"text\": \"tells her about the curse. All his former subjects reappear along with her family who can now visit her whenever they want. She is also now a princess. Beauty and the Beast (1987 film) Beauty and the Beast (alternatively: Cannon Movie Tales: Beauty and the Beast in United States, Die Schöne und das Biest in West Germany, La Bella e la Bestia in Italy, La Belle et la Bête in France) is a 1987 American/Israeli musical film, part of the 1980 film series Cannon Movie Tales. It is a contemporary version of the classic tale of Beauty and the Beast.\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1987 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426472\",\n \"text\": \"everything around her.\\\" Jennie Punter of \\\"The Globe and Mail \\\"extolled Belle as a \\\"smart, courageous ... 'take-charge kind of gal',\\\" while crowning her the \\\"main attraction of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\".\\\" Emma Cochrane of \\\"Empire\\\" hailed Belle as \\\"a feminist heroine who [is] more rounded than previous Disney characters\\\", while \\\"Paste's\\\" Annlee Ellingson similarly enjoyed the character's \\\"feminist kick.\\\" Stephen Hunter of \\\"The Baltimore Sun \\\"wrote that \\\"Belle ... is no passive fairy tale princess, but a real live girl, with a spunky personality and her own private agenda.\\\" \\\"TV Guide \\\"wrote that \\\"The familiar narrative is strengthened by\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18553281\",\n \"text\": \"a rose from his garden as a gift to Belle. When Maurice's horse returns without him, Belle ventures out in search for him, and finds him locked in the castle dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her take Maurice's place. Belle befriends the castle's servants, who invite her to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders into the forbidden west wing and finds the rose, the Beast scares her into the woods. She is ambushed by a pack of wolves, but the Beast rescues her, and is injured in the process. As Belle nurses his wounds, a friendship develops between them,\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2679607\",\n \"text\": \"He explains that everyone understands how Beast feels about the holiday, but giving a gift to another is a way of saying \\\"I care about you\\\". The Beast gets in the mood, and demands Forte to compose a song as a present, who agrees unhappily. When he leaves, Forte puts his plans in motion, and plays beautiful music, attracting Belle to his room. Forte quickly manipulates the situation, telling her that the tree has always been Beast's favorite part of Christmas, and that she would find a much better tree in the Black Forest, the woods outside the castle. Getting\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18553285\",\n \"text\": \"off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his tower, who is too heartbroken from belle's departure to fight back, but regains his spirit upon seeing Belle return. He defeats Gaston, but spares his life before reuniting with Belle. Ungrateful and unrepentant, Gaston mortally wounds the Beast with a gunshot from a bridge, but it collapses when the castle crumbles, and he falls to his death. The injured Beast tells Belle that he was happy to see her again then he dies in her arms as the last petal falls, and the servants become inanimate. Belle tearfully professes her love\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18553284\",\n \"text\": \"remember him with leaving him and his servants heartbroken. At Villeneuve, Belle reveals the Beast in the mirror to the townsfolk, proving her father's sanity. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, a jealous Gaston claims she has been charmed by dark magic, and has her thrown into the asylum carriage with her father. He rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to slay the Beast before he curses the whole village. Maurice and Belle escape, and Belle rushes back to the castle. During the battle, Gaston abandons his companion LeFou, who then sides with the servants to fend\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11174673\",\n \"text\": \"Beast\\\" as an arrogant hunter who is determined to marry Belle, whom he considers to be the village's most beautiful woman. However, she refuses his proposal when he throws a wedding party without her prior knowledge. Belle is the only one in town who actually dislikes Gaston for the person he is inside. Thoroughly humiliated, he sulks, but when her father Maurice shows up saying that she has been captured by a hideous Beast, he comes up with the idea of having him thrown into an insane asylum, unless Belle agrees to marry him. His plan fails when Belle proves\",\n \"title\": \"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316062\",\n \"text\": \"encounter and defeat Maleficent, who transforms into her dragon form and challenges them once again, only to be defeated once more. The four heroes find Kairi, but the circumstances cause Sora, Donald, Goofy and Kairi to leave Hollow Bastion, and Beast states that he will not leave without Belle. Later on, Beast encounters Sora once again when he returns to Hollow Bastion to lock the Keyhole. During their second search, Beast and Sora find Belle, who embraces Beast and presents Sora with the Divine Rose Keychain. In the \\\"Final Mix\\\" version of the game, Beast allies himself with Sora once\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15974794\",\n \"text\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2009 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2009 Australian fantasy film directed by David Lister and starring Estella Warren, Rhett Giles, and Victor Parascos, and loosely based upon the fairy tale of the same name. The film was released in 2009 on video under that title and aired in 2010 on Syfy television as \\\"Beauty and the Beasts: A Dark Tale\\\". A series of horrific murders has the Beast being blamed for the crimes. Belle (Estella Warren) and Beast (Victor Parascos) must work together to investigate the crimes and discover who the true murderer is\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2009 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316072\",\n \"text\": \"behavior. Although the Beast does not seem to have become increasing feral the longer the enchantment runs, in contrast to his animated counterpart from 1991 (reflecting Don Hahn's original intent for the Beast eventually grow wild if he never met Belle), it is his transformed servants who are gradually losing their remaining humanity while the castle deteriorates. The last rose petal falls before the curse is broken; however, upon seeing Belle profess her love for the Beast, the enchantress reveals herself and lifts the spell on the castle and its inhabitants. Afterward, Prince and Belle host a ball for all\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426464\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"and \\\"Grease\\\" in favor of starring as Belle in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" because she had always wanted to originate a Broadway role. Egan had never watched \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"prior to her audition, relying solely on \\\"her own creative instincts\\\" instead. Egan's performance earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical at the 48th Tony Awards. A total of seventeen actresses have portrayed Belle in the Broadway musical, among them recording artists Debbie Gibson and Toni Braxton, \\\"The Sopranos\\\"' Jamie-Lynn Sigler, and Disney Channel alumnae Christy Carlson Romano and Anneliese van der Pol, the\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1208697\",\n \"text\": \"castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston. The third and fourth video games based on the film are action platformers developed by Probe Software and published by Hudson Soft. One, titled \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", was released in Europe in 1994 for the NES, while the other, \\\"Disney's Beauty and the Beast\\\", was released in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23 1995 for the SNES. The entire games are played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6915946\",\n \"text\": \"for the truth ... we don't know we're in love until we spend time with someone and unforced adjustments make the pieces fall into place.\\\" \\\"The Emperor's Old Groove: Decolonizing Disney's Magic Kingdom\\\" author Brenda Ayres cited the song as an \\\"[indicator] that a reciprocal power relationship has developed between Belle and the Beast ... confirm[ing] 'his transformation, her legitimacy, and their powerful unity.\\\" According to the lyricist's website, \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" summarizes the way in which \\\"Belle tames the beast and finds the happy ending she has dreamed about.\\\" \\\"The Meanings of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\": A Handbook\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11174680\",\n \"text\": \"bridge where Gaston is standing breaks into pieces, sending Gaston falling to his death. Unlike in the animated movie, Gaston's death is shown onscreen. Gaston appears in Broadway musical adaptation of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", which premiered at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on April 18, 1994. The role was originated by actor Burke Moses, who received a nomination for a Drama Desk Award and won a Theatre World Award. Besides the songs \\\"Belle\\\", \\\"Gaston\\\", and \\\"Kill the Beast\\\" (which were from the Disney movie), Gaston performs \\\"Me\\\" (in which he self-centeredly proposes to Belle), \\\"Gaston (Reprise)\\\" (which was expanded to have\",\n \"title\": \"Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426420\",\n \"text\": \"filmmakers. Despite the fact that Disney wanted \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" to resemble an old-fashioned film, the filmmakers envisioned Belle as \\\"a woman that was ahead of her time\\\". As the first woman in the history of Disney to write a feature-length animated film, Woolverton decided to explore Belle as an opportunity to create a female character who would ultimately be better received than Disney's previous animated heroines, specifically Ariel from \\\"The Little Mermaid\\\". Woolverton was aware that the task would be particularly challenging due to the previous character's popularity, but fought relentlessly to make sure that she was creating\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282239\",\n \"text\": \"The Beast. This production closed in 2003. The third national tour opened in 2001 and closed in 2003. This production starred Jennifer Shraeder as Belle and Roger Befeler as the Beast with Marc G. Dalio as Gaston. Notable replacements on the tours have included Sarah Litzsinger, Erin Dilly and Danyelle Bossardet as Belle. The three touring companies visited 137 venues in 90 North American cities. About 5.5 million people in the United States and Canada saw these tours. The fourth national tour of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" began February 2010, opening in Providence, Rhode Island, starring Liz Shivener as Belle\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426459\",\n \"text\": \"is the show's version of the Beast). She is portrayed by Australian actress Emilie de Ravin. Another live-action version of the character appeared in the 2015 television film \\\"Descendants\\\", where she was played by Keegan Connor Tracy and serves as the Queen of the United States of Auradon. The series \\\"Sofia the First\\\" included a cameo by Belle in a 2013 episode. British actress Amy Jackson who portrayed as \\\"Belle\\\" opposite Indian actor Vikram, who being portrayed as \\\"Beast\\\" for sequences in a dreamy song \\\"\\\"Ennodu Nee Irundhal\\\"\\\" in the 2015 Tamil language romantic thriller \\\"\\\"I\\\"\\\". The original prosthetic make-up\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426432\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"that to solve this she \\\"softened and used the microphone.\\\" As per the filmmakers' encouragement, the actress would occasionally ad-lib her own dialogue, none was included in the final film because it sounded \\\"too modern\\\". The animators would videotape O'Hara daily while she recorded to incorporate her \\\"quirky\\\" mannerisms, expressions and gestures into the character, among them her hair constantly falling into her eyes. O'Hara and American actor Robby Benson, who provides the voice of the Beast, asked Disney to allow the co-stars to record together as opposed to the traditional method of being isolated in a recording booth, to\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316054\",\n \"text\": \"retrieve Belle, explains that the household cannot find her, Beast becomes enraged. He goes to Forte to ask for advice, and Forte lies that Belle has abandoned him. Beast manages to find Belle and saves her in time from drowning after she fell through thin ice. Still believing that Belle disobeyed him by breaking her promise not to leave, Beast locks her into the dungeons to rot. But when Forte goads him into destroying the rose to end his suffering, Beast finds Belle's book in the West Wing and reads it, coming to his senses and realizing that all Belle\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316065\",\n \"text\": \"senses thanks to his servants who were released by Sora. Xaldin appears to flee. Later on, during a ball, Xaldin returns and steals the rose, throwing Beast into a depression and causing him to ask Belle and Sora to leave his castle. However a pep talk from Sora spurs him back into action. Xaldin confronts them and sends his Nobodies at them. They fight the Nobodies off, but Xaldin escapes to the castle drawbridge with Belle and the rose. Belle manages to escape from Xaldin's clutches with the rose, and Xaldin is then killed by Beast, Sora, Donald and Goofy.\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316064\",\n \"text\": \"If that happens, Beast will not only become a strong Heartless which Sora would have to destroy and feed to Kingdom Hearts, but also leave behind a powerful Nobody for Xaldin to use as he wishes (just like what happened to Xehanort). Manipulated and controlled, Beast is forced to allow the Heartless into the castle and lock the entire servant staff in the dungeons, with Belle too scared to intervene. Beast starts mistreating Belle. When Sora, Donald and Goofy arrive, they are encountered by Beast, who attacks them without hesitation. Sora wins the battle, and Beast comes back to his\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426477\",\n \"text\": \"complimented Watson's performance, describing it as \\\"alert and solemn\\\" while noting her singing ability as \\\"serviceable enough to get the job done\\\". Richard Roeper of \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" also lauded Watson's performance writing that she \\\"is all pluck and spunk and sass and smarts and fierce independence as Belle\\\". Stephen Whitty of the \\\"New York Daily News\\\" described Watson's portrayal of Belle as \\\"breakthrough\\\". While Tim Robey of \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\" did not find Watson to be \\\"a flawless Belle\\\", he did overall say that \\\"she’s good: that girl-next-door winsomeness and a sweet, clear singing voice see her through.\\\" He also\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14827949\",\n \"text\": \"Than Forever'...echoes the first five notes of \\\"Beauty and the Beast.\\\" It is sung within the context of the film as a love song, and again performed over the credits as an RnB ballad by Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne. In the 1994 animated film, the song was performed by vocalists, Liz Callaway, as the singing voice of Princess Odette, and Howard McGillin, as the speaking and singing voice of Prince Derek. In the closing credits, a popular rendition of the song was performed by renowned R&B recording artists, Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne. Michelle Nicastro and Kenneth Cope sings\",\n \"title\": \"Far Longer than Forever\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426469\",\n \"text\": \"the other characters from the first movie appear in the stage show, Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Walt Disney World. Belle appears in a meet-and-greet attraction at Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland called Enchanted Tales with Belle. In season 18 of \\\"Dancing With the Stars\\\", Danica McKellar played Belle while performing a Quickstep on a Disney themed episode. Ginger Zee and Edyta Śliwińska also both portrayed Belle while performing a Foxtrot and Waltz respectively during the Disney night episode of the 22nd season of \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\". Emma Slater then played Belle while dancing a\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426456\",\n \"text\": \"because he longs to maintain his co-dependent relationship with his master. Tricked by Forte into retrieving a large Christmas tree from a frozen pond, Belle nearly drowns, only to be rescued by the Beast. The Beast, however, having been misinformed by Forte, wrongly accuses Belle of trying to escape again, and locks her in the dungeon as punishment. When the Beast finally discovers the truth, they forgive each other, and Belle helps him thwart Forte's plan to destroy the castle. \\\"\\\" (1998), depicts Belle as she interacts with both the Beast and his enchanted servants in various segments, exploring themes\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316046\",\n \"text\": \"old man named Maurice who accidentally stumbles upon the castle, being allowed inside by the servants for shelter. However, the Beast detains Maurice in the tower as a prisoner for trespassing. Maurice's horse returns back to the village, and then takes Maurice's daughter Belle back to the castle. In the tower Belle confronts Beast and pleads with him to let her father go, offering herself as a prisoner instead, to which the Beast agrees in return for her promise never to leave. Being prodded by his servants into believing that she is the key to breaking the spell, the Beast\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8426535\",\n \"text\": \"fear that Belle could never learn to love him. Belle, on a tour through the castle, enters the West Wing and discovers the rose. The Beast is furious at Belle, because he told her never to enter that part of the castle. All of this causes Belle and the Beast to argue. But the others advise Beast to be a gentleman, because Belle could be the one to break the curse. The castle's charming inhabitants discover that there is \\\"Something There\\\" that wasn't there before (\\\"Something There\\\"), and the two fall in love. Meanwhile, Gaston declares that Belle has rejected\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316068\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"the Beast\\\" is actually another fairy tale character, Rumplestiltskin (played by Robert Carlyle), who gains possession of Belle as part of a deal to save Belle's kingdom from losing a war. Indian actor Vikram portrayed Beast for sequences in a dreamy song \\\"Ennodu Nee Irundhal\\\" in the 2015 Tamil language film \\\"\\\"I\\\"\\\" opposite Amy Jackson who portrayed Belle. The original prosthetic make-up for the characters were provided by Sean Foot (Shaun) and Davina Lamont and additional works were done by National Film Award winners—Christien Tinsley and Dominie Till. In March 2015, English actor Dan Stevens was cast as the\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282220\",\n \"text\": \"earn her love in return by the time the last petal falls (\\\"Prologue\\\"). Ten years later, a beautiful young girl named Belle makes her way into town one morning in order to get a book from the local bookseller. On the way she expresses her wish to live in a world like her books, full of adventure, while the townspeople note her unparalleled beauty but find her love of books odd (\\\"Belle\\\"). Belle has also attracted the attention of Gaston (the local hunter and town hero), who admires her only for her beauty. Belle, however, is not oblivious to her\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18192827\",\n \"text\": \"him and his castle will be broken, she will marry him and become a princess. The final boss of the game is Gaston, a hunter who will try to steal Belle from the \\\"Beast\\\". Disney's Beauty and the Beast (SNES video game) Disney's Beauty and the Beast is an action platformer for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Based on the 1991 Disney film of the same name, it was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America on July 1, 1994 and Europe on February 23, 1995, respectively. The game was published by Virgin Interactive in\",\n \"title\": \"Disney's Beauty and the Beast (SNES video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316060\",\n \"text\": \"several bunches of flowers around the Beast's bed. At one point, the Beast begins to smell one of the flowers and almost wakes up, but it is removed just in time, and he falls asleep again. Beast appears as a major Disney character in the bestselling video game series \\\"Kingdom Hearts\\\". In the first \\\"Kingdom Hearts\\\", during a time in which the spell had not yet broken, Beast's home is attacked by the Heartless, led by Maleficent, who take Belle captive. Determined to rescue Belle, Beast goes as far as to exploit the power of darkness and risk his own\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426491\",\n \"text\": \"18% of votes. Belle is the fifth most successful Disney Princess in terms of box office revenue, with \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" having grossed over $350 million. However, Belle was the lowest-selling Disney Princess on eBay in 2013, with sales of less than $7,000 despite the fact that she is often cited as a customer favorite. Belle is considered to be among Disney's most beloved animated heroines. According to Scott Huver of \\\"People\\\", the character's \\\"popularity remains a force to be reckoned with\\\" even 25 years after the film's release. Belle was the only animated heroine nominated for the American\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16862032\",\n \"text\": \"Berardinelli of \\\"ReelViews \\\"described \\\"Belle\\\" as \\\"the animated equivalent of Broadway show-stoppers, with all the energy and audacity of something choreographed by Busby Berkeley.\\\" Similarly, the \\\"New York Post\\\"s Lou Lumenick also hailed \\\"Belle\\\" as a \\\"show-stopper\\\". Ranking \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"Disney's third greatest animated film while hailing it as \\\"the best Disney movie musical,\\\" Gregory Ellwood of HitFix wrote, \\\"you can't argue the cinematic joy in numbers such as the opening 'Belle'.\\\" Ranking \\\"Beauty and the Beast \\\"the \\\"Best Disney Soundtrack ... of the Past 25 Years\\\", Moviefone's Sandie Angulo Chen highlighted \\\"Belle\\\", commenting, \\\"There's an infectious quality\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Disney song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8620930\",\n \"text\": \"observed that the song adheres to the comedic tone of the rest of the film's soundtrack in his book \\\"100 Greatest American and British Animated Films\\\". Combined, Egan and the Muses' vocals span two octaves, from G to C. Egan's vocal performance is more restrained than those of the actresses who voice Ariel from \\\"The Little Mermaid\\\" (1989) and Belle from \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). Chelsea Fagan of \\\"Thought Catalog\\\" described Egan's voice as \\\"sarcastic\\\" and \\\"smoky\\\", while \\\"Billboard\\\"'s Taylor Weatherby called it \\\"soulfully belt[ed]\\\". Allison Shoemaker of \\\"Consequence of Sound\\\" likened the Muses to a Greek chorus. Although\",\n \"title\": \"I Won't Say (I'm in Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426475\",\n \"text\": \"Belle and The Beast ensur[es] that \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" lives up to its reputation as one of the most memorable romances of all time.\\\" Describing it as an \\\"unconventional romance,\\\" Charles Solomon of the \\\"Los Angeles Times \\\"opined, \\\"The idea of a young woman learning to love a gentle heart hidden beneath a baleful exterior represented a major break with tradition.\\\" Likewise, critics enjoyed O'Hara's performance. According to \\\"Variety\\\", Belle was \\\"magnificently voiced by O’Hara.\\\" \\\"The Star-Ledger's\\\" Stephen Whitty enjoyed O'Hara's \\\"pretty soprano.\\\" John Hartl of \\\"The Seattle Times \\\"wrote, \\\"O'Hara does a spirited job of investing the character\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426454\",\n \"text\": \"she discovers an enchanted rose without realizing that it is tied to the Beast's fate; and the Beast's rage at her trespassing causes her to flee the castle on horseback. Belle is pursued by wolves in the woods but they are driven off by the Beast, afterwards Belle helps the injured Beast back to the castle and nurses him back to health. Although she initially dislikes her captor, Belle gradually learns to accept the Beast in spite of his appearance and eventually befriends him. Belle and the Beast's strong bond greatly envies Gaston to the point of which he storms\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8426537\",\n \"text\": \"that the love of \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" will thrive forever. Instantly, Belle and the prince reappear in their traditional costumes. (\\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\") During the curtain call, Belle and the Prince give a lucky person in the audience a rose similar to the one in the movie. The original version opened for the film's 1991 premiere. Its first performance was at 1:30 pm on November 22, 1991, the same day the film was released. When the Theater of the Stars was moved in September 1993 (to make room for the construction of Sunset Boulevard), the show was temporarily\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17628854\",\n \"text\": \"song \\\"A Change in Me\\\" was kept in the production after being written for Toni Braxton during her stint as Belle. The Beauty and the Beast universe encompasses two main locations: a French village and a castle, which are linked by woods. As the three spin-off films all take place within the time period of the original film, the plot of the \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" franchise is encompassed in the original 1991 film, which the other films serving to give added insight to certain parts of the story that were skimmed over (such as when Belle is living in\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426471\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"a bookworm, with gumption and a mind of her own.\\\" Similarly comparing Belle to Ariel, John Hartl of \\\"The Seattle Times\\\" wrote that, in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", \\\"there's rarely a sense of deja vu, perhaps because the heroine is so different from 'Mermaid's' dependent Ariel, and her dilemma is more poignant,\\\" while \\\"Boxoffice \\\"scribed, \\\"Undoubtedly in response to criticism that the cute little 'Mermaid' Ariel was nothing more than a precocious sexpot, the idea-people behind this beauty—aptly named Belle ... chose to make her an icon of self-reliance and a voracious reader with a curiosity and love for\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426487\",\n \"text\": \"misogynist) the endgame is the still the same, elaborating, \\\"When the movie ends, they’re still solidly with a man, their dreams of adventure abandoned. Therefore, the Disney renaissance is characterized more by theoretical want of adventure rather than a genuine pursuit.\\\" Deemed an \\\"iconoclast\\\" by \\\"Boxoffice\\\", Belle continues to garner strong recognition for her role in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". Established as a cultural icon, the character holds the distinction of being Disney's first feminist princess. Commentators believe that the character's role in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" as one of Disney's first strong female characters is responsible for changing the\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316063\",\n \"text\": \"again to fight and defeat Xemnas (then known as \\\"Unknown\\\"). In \\\"\\\", Beast is merely a figment of Sora's memories. He is once again separated from Belle, courtesy of Maleficent, but once more, Beast defeats Maleficent with Sora's help and rescues Belle. After Sora defeats Ansem, all the previously attacked worlds are restored, including Beast's Castle. Afterwards, Beast and Belle return to their home to carry on with their lives. However, the peace is shattered once again when Beast is approached by Xaldin of Organization XIII to do his bidding. Xaldin is determined to manipulate Beast into becoming a Heartless.\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5161117\",\n \"text\": \"Pol would be making her Broadway debut as Belle, in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". Van der Pol was the musical's 17th (and final) Belle. She played the role from April 3, 2007 to July 29, 2007 as the show reached its 5,464th (and final) performance. During her run as Belle, van der Pol also performed at Bryant Park's Broadway in Bryant Park on July 12, 2007 along \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" co-stars Chris Hoch and Jeanne Lehmann, performing songs from the show. Prior to \\\"Beauty\\\"'s final show, van der Pol appeared on \\\"Live with Regis and Kelly\\\" for a small\",\n \"title\": \"Anneliese van der Pol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426419\",\n \"text\": \"the fairy tale, and ultimately ordered that it be restarted from scratch in favor of creating a Broadway-style musical film starring a strong heroine, more similar to \\\"The Little Mermaid\\\". Opting instead for a \\\"feminist twist\\\" on the original story, Katzenberg hired television writer Linda Woolverton, who had never written an animated film before, to write the film's screenplay. Before \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", Disney's tradition of depicting female characters as victims had already long been established. The fact that Belle was hardly depicted as a feminist in earlier versions of the film became a point of contention among the\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17628852\",\n \"text\": \"Josh Gad as LeFou. \\\"Sing Me a Story with Belle\\\" was a live-action spin-off series created by Patrick Davidson and Melissa Gould. It featured Belle, who now owns and manages the bookshop in the village. The show ran for 65 episodes on The Disney Channel from September 8, 1995 to December 11, 1999. Two episodes from the first season were released with an episode of an abandoned \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" cartoon series and were released direct-to-video as Belle's Tales of Friendship. A musical, based on the original animated film, debuted April 18, 1994, on Broadway at the Palace Theatre.\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316050\",\n \"text\": \"of behavior, the Beast decides to show mercy and spare Gaston on the condition that he immediately leave the castle. Belle then shows up on the balcony and the Beast climbs up to meet her; however Gaston refuses to accept defeat and stabs the Beast from behind. Gaston loses his balance and falls from the castle roof to his death, but Belle manages to grab the Beast and pull him up. The Beast, knowing he is mortally wounded, expresses his appreciation to Belle for returning and being able to see her one last time, before falling unconscious and apparently succumbing\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17511498\",\n \"text\": \"dinner, the Beast apologizes for his previous behavior. Belle makes the Beast a proposal; she will dance with him, if she is allowed to see her family one last time. The two begin to dance though amidst it all, the Beast asks for Belle's love. Jarred, Belle demands to see her family as she had bargained. When the Beast refuses, Belle fervently rejects him once again. That same night, she witnesses the Beast prey upon and devour a hog. In shock, she attempts to escape by running into the enchanted forest only for the Beast to catch up to her\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316067\",\n \"text\": \"the events that occurred between \\\"Kingdom Hearts\\\" and \\\"Kingdom Hearts II\\\", such as Belle and Beast attempting to resume their normal lives and Beast's first encounter with Xaldin. The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", originally portrayed by Terrence Mann. Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997), James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard. The movie and others never made mention of his real name. A CD-ROM game said \\\"The Prince's name is Adam.\\\" In the 2011 ABC series \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\", the show's version\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282247\",\n \"text\": \"the second country to host the musical. Disney had plans to bring it to the country in 1999, after the success in Argentina, but nobody really knew if it would work. Three years later, in 2002, \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" finally opened in Brazil at Teatro Abril, one of the biggest theaters in the country. It was a huge hit, for more than one and a half years, it was presented with Kiara Sasso playing Belle and Saulo Vasconcelos playing the Beast. In 2009, a new Belle and a new Beast were cast, Lissah Martins and Ricardo Vieira, as the\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282243\",\n \"text\": \"for the production in Mexico City in 1997. The Toronto production opened at the Princess of Wales Theatre on August 8, 1995, and closed in 1998. The production starred Kerry Butler as Belle and Chuck Wagner as the Beast, and Terry Doyle as Maurice. Notable replacements included Melissa Thomson as Belle and Steve Blanchard as the Beast. The lesser known Halifax production at the Neptune Theatre was the longest running production in the theatre's history. \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" has been performed in more than 30 countries, including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13805359\",\n \"text\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1987 film) Beauty and the Beast (alternatively: Cannon Movie Tales: Beauty and the Beast in United States, Die Schöne und das Biest in West Germany, La Bella e la Bestia in Italy, La Belle et la Bête in France) is a 1987 American/Israeli musical film, part of the 1980 film series Cannon Movie Tales. It is a contemporary version of the classic tale of Beauty and the Beast. The movie was filmed entirely in Israel, and the taglines were: \\\"The monster they feared was the prince she loved\\\" and \\\"The classic fairy tale about seeing with\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1987 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20071635\",\n \"text\": \"learned how to love instead would be more suitable due to the film's three-act structure. \\\"Evermore\\\" is a somber Broadway-influenced power ballad; its lyrics explore themes such as true love, heartbreak, loneliness and sacrifice. In \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", \\\"Evermore\\\" is performed by the Beast shortly after he releases Belle from the castle so that she may return to the village and aid her father. Despite knowing that freeing her will further jeopardize his chances of becoming human again, the Beast realizes he loves Belle and ultimately sacrifices his own happiness in return for hers. Critical reception towards \\\"Evermore\\\" has\",\n \"title\": \"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426423\",\n \"text\": \"Belle's relationship with Gaston. At one point, Belle had a younger sister named Clarice and a cruel aunt named Marguerite, both of whom were discarded – Clarice to emphasize Belle's loneliness, and Marguerite to be replaced by Gaston as the film's villain. Woolverton also eliminated the subplot of Belle asking her father for a rose. Despite constant \\\"regressive\\\" re-writes, Woolverton's overall vision for Belle generally remained intact. \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\"'s story department was predominantly male, a time during which few women were involved. Woolverton often found herself at odds and disagreeing with the more traditional story artists in regards\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8316051\",\n \"text\": \"to his injuries. Belle is able to tell the Beast that she loves him before the final petal falls. Then, Belle's declaration of love for the Beast breaks the spell and transforms him back into the prince. In this film, which takes place not long after the Beast rescued Belle from the wolves, much to Beast's frustration, Belle wants to celebrate Christmas and throw a real Christmas party. Beast hates the idea of Christmas, for it was the very day almost ten years ago when the Enchantress cast the spell on him and the entire castle. (In contrast to the\",\n \"title\": \"Beast (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2679610\",\n \"text\": \"the flower petals fall on the present. Beast then remembers the gift Belle gave him, opens it and reads it. Remembering there is hope to break the spell, he ignores Forte and releases Belle, asking her for forgiveness. After she accepts, the Beast announces plans to have the best Christmas ever. Enraged at the failure of his plans, Forte plans to bring the whole castle down with the rationale that they cannot fall in love if they're dead. This horrifies Fife, who finds it far too extreme and then he learns that his promised solo is blank. The Beast manages\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17511502\",\n \"text\": \"including Belle's brothers. The Beast stops his attack when Belle begs for mercy. Perducas stabs the Beast, mortally wounding him. Suddenly, vines sprout about the castle destroying anything in their paths. Perducas's lover, Astrid, is killed when he abandons her, but not before cursing him of his fate. Perducas is soon killed by the vines and turned into a human tree. Belle and her brothers carry the Beast into the castle, and place him into the healing pool of water. Dying, the Beast asks whether Belle could ever love him, and she counters that she already does. The Beast sinks\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282245\",\n \"text\": \"opened in Japan and is performed by the Shiki Theatre Company. The musical continues to tour Japan. In December 1997, the musical opened in Stuttgart at the Palladium Theatre, Stuttgart and played there until December 22, 2000. Leah Delos Santos played Belle and Uwe Kröger played the Beast and Marc G. Dalio played Gaston. In 1999, the musical opened in China. On March 4, 2005, Beauty and the Beast had its Scandinavian premiere at The Göteborg Opera with Fred Johanson as the Beast and Annica Edstam as Belle. On June 16, 2005, the musical began its Philippine run at the\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282230\",\n \"text\": \"by showing the townspeople the Beast is real using the Magic Mirror, but doesn't realize the error in her gesture. The townspeople immediately fear the Beast, but Belle insists he's gentle and kind. Gaston catches her tone and recognizes the Beast as his rival for Belle's affections and organizes the mob to kill the Beast (\\\"Mob Song\\\"). In order to warn the Beast, Belle and Maurice decide to beat the mob to the castle. However, Gaston and the mob had already reached the castle before Belle and Maurice did. At the castle, the servants are able to keep the lynch\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426455\",\n \"text\": \"the castle and mortally wounds the Beast, though Gaston falls to his own death in the process. However, Belle confesses her love for the Beast just in time to break the spell under which he had been placed by an enchantress as punishment for his selfish ways, and the Beast ultimately transforms back into a handsome prince. In \\\" \\\"(1997), Belle attempts to reignite the castle's waning spirit by reintroducing and celebrating Christmas, in spite of the Beast's strong resentment towards the holiday. Meanwhile, a solemn pipe organ named Forte grows determined to sabotage Belle and the Beast's burgeoning friendship\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4187291\",\n \"text\": \"theft but then suggests that one of his daughters can take his place. The Beast offers his horse Magnificent to guide him through the forest home. Belle's father explains the situation to his family and Avenant. Belle agrees to go and take her father's place. She rides Magnificent to the castle, finding the Beast. Belle faints at the sight of him and is carried to her room in the castle. Belle awakens to find a magic mirror which allows her to see anything. The Beast invites Belle to dinner, where he tells her that she's in equal command to him\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6915926\",\n \"text\": \"teapot, midway through the film as she explains the feeling of love to her young teacup son Chip, referring to the emotion as \\\"a tale as old as time\\\". According to Armen Karaoghlanian of Interiors, \\\"Belle familiarizes the Beast with the waltz and as soon he feels comfortable, he gracefully moves her across the floor\\\". Afterwards, the song continues to play instrumentally as Belle and the Beast retire to the balcony for a romantic candlelit dinner. Believed to be the \\\"centerpiece that brings Beauty and her Beast together,\\\" the sequence offers an insight into both characters' psyches. From the Beast's\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":87,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"88"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the hero with a thousand faces published"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1949"],"string":"[\n \"1949\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2024183","text":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell. In this book, Campbell discusses his theory of the mythological structure of the journey of the archetypal hero found in world myths. Since the publication of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Campbell's theory has been consciously applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. Filmmaker George Lucas acknowledged Campbell's theory in mythology, and its influence on the \"Star Wars\" films. The Joseph Campbell Foundation and New World Library issued a new edition","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024183","text":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell. In this book, Campbell discusses his theory of the mythological structure of the journey of the archetypal hero found in world myths. Since the publication of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Campbell's theory has been consciously applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. Filmmaker George Lucas acknowledged Campbell's theory in mythology, and its influence on the \"Star Wars\" films. The Joseph Campbell Foundation and New World Library issued a new edition","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024197","text":"the TV show \"Community\", has stated that he has used the monomyth as inspiration for his work. The sixth and final season of \"Lost\" recognizes Campbell's theories on the hero. During one of the bonus features, the makers of the series discuss the journey of the main characters and how each is a hero in their own way. Before each little segment of this particular feature, they quote Campbell and then expound on that particular quote by discussing the various characters. The Hero with a Thousand Faces The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024190","text":"Henry Morton Robinson. Campbell borrowed the term \"monomyth\" from Joyce's \"Finnegans Wake\". In addition, Joyce's \"Ulysses\" was also highly influential in the structuring of the archetypal motif. The book was originally published by the Bollingen Foundation through Pantheon Press as the seventeenth title in the Bollingen Series. This series was taken over by Princeton University Press, who published the book through 2006. Originally issued in 1949 and revised by Campbell in 1968, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" has been reprinted a number of times. Reprints issued after the release of \"Star Wars\" in 1977 used the image of Mark","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"217271","text":"Joseph Campbell Joseph John Campbell (1904–1987) was an American Professor of Literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His work covers many aspects of the human experience. Campbell's most well-known work is his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949), in which he discusses his theory of the journey of the archetypal hero shared by world mythologies, termed the monomyth. Since the publication of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Campbell's theory has been applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. His philosophy has been summarized by his own often","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"7927852","text":"the Soul\". In 1949, Joseph Campbell published \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", a study on the archetype of the Hero's Journey. It describes a common theme found in many cultures worldwide, and is also described in many contemporary theories on personal transformation. In traditional cultures it describes the \"wilderness passage\", the transition from adolescence into adulthood. It typically includes a phase of separation, transition, and incorporation. The second phase is a phase of self-surrender and ego-death, whereafter the hero returns to enrich the world with their discoveries. Campbell describes the basic theme as follows: This journey is based on","title":"Ego death"},{"docid":"18160852","text":"The concept of a standard narrative archetype of a monomythical \"hero's quest\" that was reputed to be pervasive across all cultures is controversial. The study of hero myths started in 1871 with anthropologist Edward Taylor's observations of common patterns in plots of hero's journeys. Later on, others introduced various theories on hero myths such Otto Rank and his Freudian psychoanalytic approach to myth, Lord Raglan's unification of myth and rituals, and eventually hero myth pattern studies were popularized by Joseph Campbell, who was influenced by Carl Jung's view of myth, in his 1949 work \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\".","title":"Rank–Raglan mythotype"},{"docid":"6336387","text":"John Shelton Lawrence John Shelton Lawrence is an emeritus professor of philosophy at Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. His initial major publication, \"The American Monomyth\", written with Robert Jewett, was published in 1977. The major contribution of \"The American Monomyth\" is a re-thinking of Joseph Campbell's famous classical monomyth from his 1949 book \"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\". Campbell's monomyth described a universal narrative of the myth of the hero's journey which he claimed had disappeared in contemporary culture. Lawrence and Jewett described an American evolution of this mythological structure that reflected a deep antipathy to","title":"John Shelton Lawrence"},{"docid":"173366","text":"Myth and Drama\". It is a set of 22 common traits that he said were shared by many heroes in various cultures, myths and religions throughout history and around the world. Raglan argued that the higher the score, the more likely the figure is mythical. The concept of a story archetype of the standard monomythical \"hero's quest\" that was reputed to be pervasive across all cultures is somewhat controversial. Expounded mainly by Joseph Campbell in his 1949 work \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", it illustrates several uniting themes of hero stories that hold similar ideas of what a hero","title":"Hero"},{"docid":"3313888","text":"Sot-Weed Factor\" saw in that book the pattern of the \"Wandering Hero Myth\", as described by Lord Raglan in \"The Hero\" (1936). This observation impelled Barth to begin research into comparative mythology and anthropology, which included reading Otto Rank's \"Myth of the Birth of the Ritual Hero\" (1909; 1914) and Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949). This led to Barth's invocation and playful deconstruction of the idea of the Ur-Myth in \"Giles Goat-Boy\". Barth would delve further into the Hero in his essay \"Myth and Tragedy\", and in his novels \"LETTERS\" (1979) and \"\" (1995). In the","title":"Giles Goat-Boy"},{"docid":"3608937","text":"hero myth pattern studies were popularized by Joseph Campbell, who was influenced by Carl Jung's view of myth. In his 1949 work \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Campbell described the basic narrative pattern as follows: Campbell and other scholars, such as Erich Neumann, describe narratives of Gautama Buddha, Moses, and Christ in terms of the monomyth. While others, such as Otto Rank and Lord Raglan, describe hero narrative patterns in terms of Freudian psychoanalysis and ritualistic senses. Critics argue that the concept is too broad or general to be of much usefulness in comparative mythology. Others say that the","title":"Hero's journey"},{"docid":"7076728","text":"as Circe's or Prospero's which cannot be categorized under the tragic or comedic. Maud Bodkin wrote \"Archetypal Patterns in Poetry\" in 1934, applying the ideas of Jung to poetry, and examining archetypes such as the ancient mariner and rebirth, heaven and hell, images of the devil, the hero and God. Bodkin book. In his 1949 book \"Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Joseph Campbell pioneered the idea of the ‘monomyth' (though the term was borrowed from James Joyce), a universal pattern in heroic tales across different cultures and genres. His deep examination of the eight step hero's journey (and the common","title":"Archetypal literary criticism"},{"docid":"766990","text":"realm of terrors to bring back some boon to save himself and his people\" is a powerful element in Adams's tale. This theme derives from the author's exposure to the works of mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his study of comparative mythology, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949), and in particular, Campbell's \"monomyth\" theory, also based on Carl Jung's view of the unconscious mind, that \"all the stories in the world are really one story.\" The concept of the hero has invited comparisons between \"Watership Down's\" characters and those in Homer's \"Odyssey\" and Virgil's \"Aeneid\". Hazel's courage, Bigwig's strength, Blackberry's","title":"Watership Down"},{"docid":"217307","text":"the monsters that are plaguing their people. Campbell provided a commentary. He would use this tale through the rest of his career to illustrate both the universal symbols and structures of human myths and the particulars (\"folk ideas\") of Native American stories. As noted above, James Joyce was an important influence on Campbell. Campbell's first important book (with Henry Morton Robinson), \"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake\" (1944), is a critical analysis of Joyce's final text \"Finnegans Wake\". In addition, Campbell's seminal work, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949), discusses what Campbell called the \"monomyth\" – the cycle of","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"4036346","text":"than is found in most screenwriting theories. Besides the three-act structure, it is also common to use a four- or five-act structure in a screenplay, though certain screenplays may include as many as twenty separate acts. The hero's journey, also referred to as the monomyth, is an idea formulated by noted mythologist Joseph Campbell. The central concept of the monomyth is that a pattern can be seen in stories and myths across history. Campbell defined and explained that pattern in his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949). Campbell's insight was that important myths from around the world, which","title":"Screenwriting"},{"docid":"161368","text":"of Campbell's work are to be found in many aspects of Glorantha; for instance the story of the \"God Learners\" can be seen as an exercise on the implications of Campbell's idea of a unifying monomyth, and the story of Prince Argrath an exploration of Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949). More abstractly, Campbell's idea that myths are how we shape our lives deeply informs the picture of life in Glorantha throughout the game world's publication history. The first game system set in Glorantha was the board game \"White Bear and Red Moon\". Stafford first tried to sell","title":"Glorantha"},{"docid":"10857059","text":"chivalry, paladinism, samurai bushido, Shaolin Monastery, Feudalism, Hinduism, Qigong, Greek philosophy, Greek mythology, Roman history, Roman mythology, parts of the Abrahamic religions, Confucianism, Shintō, Buddhism and Taoism, not to mention countless cinematic precursors. The works of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949), directly influenced Lucas, and was what drove him to create the 'modern myth' of \"Star Wars\". In particular, the contrasting narrative relationship between the Dark Side-using Sith and Light Side-using Jedi mirrors several modern and classical literary tropes: Most prominently, the conflict between the Sith and Jedi","title":"Sith"},{"docid":"219956","text":"not to mention countless cinematic precursors. The works of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949), directly influenced Lucas, and was what drove him to create the 'modern myth' of \"Star Wars\". As depicted in the canon, the Jedi study and utilize the Force, in order to help and protect those in need. The Jedi members, known as Jedi Knights, respect all life by defending and protecting those who cannot do it for themselves, striving for peaceful and non-combative solutions to any altercations they encounter and fighting only in self-defense","title":"Jedi"},{"docid":"217284","text":"and his distinction between what he called \"folk\" and \"elementary\" ideas, the latter referring to the prime matter of monomyth while the former to the multitude of local forms the myth takes in order to remain an up-to-date carrier of sacred meanings. The central pattern most studied by Campbell is often referred to as \"the hero's journey\" and was first described in \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949). An enthusiast of novelist James Joyce, Campbell borrowed the term \"monomyth\" from Joyce's \"Finnegans Wake\". Campbell also made heavy use of Carl Jung's theories on the structure of the human psyche,","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"908496","text":"Land\". William Carlos Williams refers to \"The Golden Bough\" in Book Two, part two, of his extended poem in five books \"Paterson\". \"The Golden Bough\" influenced Sigmund Freud's work \"Totem and Taboo\" (1913). Frazer's work also influenced the psychiatrist Carl Jung, the novelist James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, and the novelist D. H. Lawrence. The mythologist Joseph Campbell drew on \"The Golden Bough\" in \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (1949), where he accepted Frazer's view that mythology is a primitive attempt to explain the world of nature, though considering it only one among a number of valid explanations of mythology.","title":"The Golden Bough"},{"docid":"766181","text":"\"Did Jesus Exist\"? Sossianus Hierocles argued in the 3rd century that the doctrines and the life of Apollonius were more valuable than those of Jesus', a viewpoint reportedly held by both Voltaire and Charles Blount during the Age of Enlightenment. In his 1909 book \"The Christ\", John Remsburg postulated that the religion of Apollonius disappeared because the proper conditions for its development did not exist. Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam thrived however, because the existing conditions were favorable. In his 1949 book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", comparative mythology scholar Joseph Campbell lists both Apollonius and Jesus as examples of","title":"Apollonius of Tyana"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024183\",\n \"text\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell. In this book, Campbell discusses his theory of the mythological structure of the journey of the archetypal hero found in world myths. Since the publication of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Campbell's theory has been consciously applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. Filmmaker George Lucas acknowledged Campbell's theory in mythology, and its influence on the \\\"Star Wars\\\" films. The Joseph Campbell Foundation and New World Library issued a new edition\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024183\",\n \"text\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell. In this book, Campbell discusses his theory of the mythological structure of the journey of the archetypal hero found in world myths. Since the publication of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Campbell's theory has been consciously applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. Filmmaker George Lucas acknowledged Campbell's theory in mythology, and its influence on the \\\"Star Wars\\\" films. The Joseph Campbell Foundation and New World Library issued a new edition\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024197\",\n \"text\": \"the TV show \\\"Community\\\", has stated that he has used the monomyth as inspiration for his work. The sixth and final season of \\\"Lost\\\" recognizes Campbell's theories on the hero. During one of the bonus features, the makers of the series discuss the journey of the main characters and how each is a hero in their own way. Before each little segment of this particular feature, they quote Campbell and then expound on that particular quote by discussing the various characters. The Hero with a Thousand Faces The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024190\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Morton Robinson. Campbell borrowed the term \\\"monomyth\\\" from Joyce's \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". In addition, Joyce's \\\"Ulysses\\\" was also highly influential in the structuring of the archetypal motif. The book was originally published by the Bollingen Foundation through Pantheon Press as the seventeenth title in the Bollingen Series. This series was taken over by Princeton University Press, who published the book through 2006. Originally issued in 1949 and revised by Campbell in 1968, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" has been reprinted a number of times. Reprints issued after the release of \\\"Star Wars\\\" in 1977 used the image of Mark\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217271\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Campbell Joseph John Campbell (1904–1987) was an American Professor of Literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His work covers many aspects of the human experience. Campbell's most well-known work is his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949), in which he discusses his theory of the journey of the archetypal hero shared by world mythologies, termed the monomyth. Since the publication of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Campbell's theory has been applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. His philosophy has been summarized by his own often\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7927852\",\n \"text\": \"the Soul\\\". In 1949, Joseph Campbell published \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", a study on the archetype of the Hero's Journey. It describes a common theme found in many cultures worldwide, and is also described in many contemporary theories on personal transformation. In traditional cultures it describes the \\\"wilderness passage\\\", the transition from adolescence into adulthood. It typically includes a phase of separation, transition, and incorporation. The second phase is a phase of self-surrender and ego-death, whereafter the hero returns to enrich the world with their discoveries. Campbell describes the basic theme as follows: This journey is based on\",\n \"title\": \"Ego death\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18160852\",\n \"text\": \"The concept of a standard narrative archetype of a monomythical \\\"hero's quest\\\" that was reputed to be pervasive across all cultures is controversial. The study of hero myths started in 1871 with anthropologist Edward Taylor's observations of common patterns in plots of hero's journeys. Later on, others introduced various theories on hero myths such Otto Rank and his Freudian psychoanalytic approach to myth, Lord Raglan's unification of myth and rituals, and eventually hero myth pattern studies were popularized by Joseph Campbell, who was influenced by Carl Jung's view of myth, in his 1949 work \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Rank–Raglan mythotype\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6336387\",\n \"text\": \"John Shelton Lawrence John Shelton Lawrence is an emeritus professor of philosophy at Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. His initial major publication, \\\"The American Monomyth\\\", written with Robert Jewett, was published in 1977. The major contribution of \\\"The American Monomyth\\\" is a re-thinking of Joseph Campbell's famous classical monomyth from his 1949 book \\\"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\\\". Campbell's monomyth described a universal narrative of the myth of the hero's journey which he claimed had disappeared in contemporary culture. Lawrence and Jewett described an American evolution of this mythological structure that reflected a deep antipathy to\",\n \"title\": \"John Shelton Lawrence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"173366\",\n \"text\": \"Myth and Drama\\\". It is a set of 22 common traits that he said were shared by many heroes in various cultures, myths and religions throughout history and around the world. Raglan argued that the higher the score, the more likely the figure is mythical. The concept of a story archetype of the standard monomythical \\\"hero's quest\\\" that was reputed to be pervasive across all cultures is somewhat controversial. Expounded mainly by Joseph Campbell in his 1949 work \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", it illustrates several uniting themes of hero stories that hold similar ideas of what a hero\",\n \"title\": \"Hero\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3313888\",\n \"text\": \"Sot-Weed Factor\\\" saw in that book the pattern of the \\\"Wandering Hero Myth\\\", as described by Lord Raglan in \\\"The Hero\\\" (1936). This observation impelled Barth to begin research into comparative mythology and anthropology, which included reading Otto Rank's \\\"Myth of the Birth of the Ritual Hero\\\" (1909; 1914) and Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949). This led to Barth's invocation and playful deconstruction of the idea of the Ur-Myth in \\\"Giles Goat-Boy\\\". Barth would delve further into the Hero in his essay \\\"Myth and Tragedy\\\", and in his novels \\\"LETTERS\\\" (1979) and \\\"\\\" (1995). In the\",\n \"title\": \"Giles Goat-Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3608937\",\n \"text\": \"hero myth pattern studies were popularized by Joseph Campbell, who was influenced by Carl Jung's view of myth. In his 1949 work \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Campbell described the basic narrative pattern as follows: Campbell and other scholars, such as Erich Neumann, describe narratives of Gautama Buddha, Moses, and Christ in terms of the monomyth. While others, such as Otto Rank and Lord Raglan, describe hero narrative patterns in terms of Freudian psychoanalysis and ritualistic senses. Critics argue that the concept is too broad or general to be of much usefulness in comparative mythology. Others say that the\",\n \"title\": \"Hero's journey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7076728\",\n \"text\": \"as Circe's or Prospero's which cannot be categorized under the tragic or comedic. Maud Bodkin wrote \\\"Archetypal Patterns in Poetry\\\" in 1934, applying the ideas of Jung to poetry, and examining archetypes such as the ancient mariner and rebirth, heaven and hell, images of the devil, the hero and God. Bodkin book. In his 1949 book \\\"Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Joseph Campbell pioneered the idea of the ‘monomyth' (though the term was borrowed from James Joyce), a universal pattern in heroic tales across different cultures and genres. His deep examination of the eight step hero's journey (and the common\",\n \"title\": \"Archetypal literary criticism\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"766990\",\n \"text\": \"realm of terrors to bring back some boon to save himself and his people\\\" is a powerful element in Adams's tale. This theme derives from the author's exposure to the works of mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his study of comparative mythology, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949), and in particular, Campbell's \\\"monomyth\\\" theory, also based on Carl Jung's view of the unconscious mind, that \\\"all the stories in the world are really one story.\\\" The concept of the hero has invited comparisons between \\\"Watership Down's\\\" characters and those in Homer's \\\"Odyssey\\\" and Virgil's \\\"Aeneid\\\". Hazel's courage, Bigwig's strength, Blackberry's\",\n \"title\": \"Watership Down\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217307\",\n \"text\": \"the monsters that are plaguing their people. Campbell provided a commentary. He would use this tale through the rest of his career to illustrate both the universal symbols and structures of human myths and the particulars (\\\"folk ideas\\\") of Native American stories. As noted above, James Joyce was an important influence on Campbell. Campbell's first important book (with Henry Morton Robinson), \\\"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake\\\" (1944), is a critical analysis of Joyce's final text \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". In addition, Campbell's seminal work, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949), discusses what Campbell called the \\\"monomyth\\\" – the cycle of\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4036346\",\n \"text\": \"than is found in most screenwriting theories. Besides the three-act structure, it is also common to use a four- or five-act structure in a screenplay, though certain screenplays may include as many as twenty separate acts. The hero's journey, also referred to as the monomyth, is an idea formulated by noted mythologist Joseph Campbell. The central concept of the monomyth is that a pattern can be seen in stories and myths across history. Campbell defined and explained that pattern in his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949). Campbell's insight was that important myths from around the world, which\",\n \"title\": \"Screenwriting\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"161368\",\n \"text\": \"of Campbell's work are to be found in many aspects of Glorantha; for instance the story of the \\\"God Learners\\\" can be seen as an exercise on the implications of Campbell's idea of a unifying monomyth, and the story of Prince Argrath an exploration of Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949). More abstractly, Campbell's idea that myths are how we shape our lives deeply informs the picture of life in Glorantha throughout the game world's publication history. The first game system set in Glorantha was the board game \\\"White Bear and Red Moon\\\". Stafford first tried to sell\",\n \"title\": \"Glorantha\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10857059\",\n \"text\": \"chivalry, paladinism, samurai bushido, Shaolin Monastery, Feudalism, Hinduism, Qigong, Greek philosophy, Greek mythology, Roman history, Roman mythology, parts of the Abrahamic religions, Confucianism, Shintō, Buddhism and Taoism, not to mention countless cinematic precursors. The works of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949), directly influenced Lucas, and was what drove him to create the 'modern myth' of \\\"Star Wars\\\". In particular, the contrasting narrative relationship between the Dark Side-using Sith and Light Side-using Jedi mirrors several modern and classical literary tropes: Most prominently, the conflict between the Sith and Jedi\",\n \"title\": \"Sith\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"219956\",\n \"text\": \"not to mention countless cinematic precursors. The works of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949), directly influenced Lucas, and was what drove him to create the 'modern myth' of \\\"Star Wars\\\". As depicted in the canon, the Jedi study and utilize the Force, in order to help and protect those in need. The Jedi members, known as Jedi Knights, respect all life by defending and protecting those who cannot do it for themselves, striving for peaceful and non-combative solutions to any altercations they encounter and fighting only in self-defense\",\n \"title\": \"Jedi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217284\",\n \"text\": \"and his distinction between what he called \\\"folk\\\" and \\\"elementary\\\" ideas, the latter referring to the prime matter of monomyth while the former to the multitude of local forms the myth takes in order to remain an up-to-date carrier of sacred meanings. The central pattern most studied by Campbell is often referred to as \\\"the hero's journey\\\" and was first described in \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949). An enthusiast of novelist James Joyce, Campbell borrowed the term \\\"monomyth\\\" from Joyce's \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". Campbell also made heavy use of Carl Jung's theories on the structure of the human psyche,\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"908496\",\n \"text\": \"Land\\\". William Carlos Williams refers to \\\"The Golden Bough\\\" in Book Two, part two, of his extended poem in five books \\\"Paterson\\\". \\\"The Golden Bough\\\" influenced Sigmund Freud's work \\\"Totem and Taboo\\\" (1913). Frazer's work also influenced the psychiatrist Carl Jung, the novelist James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, and the novelist D. H. Lawrence. The mythologist Joseph Campbell drew on \\\"The Golden Bough\\\" in \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (1949), where he accepted Frazer's view that mythology is a primitive attempt to explain the world of nature, though considering it only one among a number of valid explanations of mythology.\",\n \"title\": \"The Golden Bough\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"766181\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Did Jesus Exist\\\"? Sossianus Hierocles argued in the 3rd century that the doctrines and the life of Apollonius were more valuable than those of Jesus', a viewpoint reportedly held by both Voltaire and Charles Blount during the Age of Enlightenment. In his 1909 book \\\"The Christ\\\", John Remsburg postulated that the religion of Apollonius disappeared because the proper conditions for its development did not exist. Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam thrived however, because the existing conditions were favorable. In his 1949 book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", comparative mythology scholar Joseph Campbell lists both Apollonius and Jesus as examples of\",\n \"title\": \"Apollonius of Tyana\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2024191","text":"Hamill as Luke Skywalker on the cover. Princeton University Press issued a commemorative printing of the second edition in 2004 on the occasion of the joint centennial of Campbell's birth and the Press's founding with an added foreword by Clarissa Pinkola Estés. A third edition, compiled by the Joseph Campbell Foundation and published by New World Library, was released as the twelfth title in the Collected Works of Joseph Campbell series in July 2008. \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" has been translated into over twenty languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese (simplified and traditional), Turkish,","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024185","text":"from the introduction to \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Campbell summarizes the monomyth: In laying out the monomyth, Campbell describes a number of stages or steps along this journey. \"The hero's journey\" begins in the \"ordinary world\". He must depart from the \"ordinary world\", when he receives a \"call to adventure\". With the help of a \"mentor\", the hero will cross a \"guarded threshold\", leading him to a supernatural world, where familiar laws and order do not apply. There, the hero will embark on a \"road of trial\"s, where he is tested along the way. The archetypal hero is","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024195","text":"as \"Aladdin\" (1992), \"The Lion King\" (1994), and \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Vogler later expanded the memo and published it as the book \"\", which became the inspiration for a number of successful Hollywood films and is believed to have been used in the development of the \"Matrix\" series. Novelist Richard Adams acknowledges a debt to Campbell's work, and specifically to the concept of the monomyth. In his best known work, \"Watership Down\", Adams uses extracts from \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" as chapter epigrams. Author Neil Gaiman, whose work is frequently seen as exemplifying the monomyth structure,","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"295559","text":"a more generous view in his study of the novel \"Coraline\", where he argues that the work plays and riffs productively on Sigmund Freud's notion of the Uncanny, or the \"Unheimlich\". Though Gaiman's work is frequently seen as exemplifying the monomyth structure laid out in Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Gaiman says that he started reading \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" but refused to finish it: \"I think I got about half way through \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" and found myself thinking if this is true – I don't want to know. I really","title":"Neil Gaiman"},{"docid":"2024196","text":"says that he started \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" but refused to finish it: \"I think I got about half way through \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" and found myself thinking if this is true—I don't want to know. I really would rather not know this stuff. I’d rather do it because it's true and because I accidentally wind up creating something that falls into this pattern than be told what the pattern is.\"Many scholars and reviewers have noted how closely J. K. Rowling's popular \"Harry Potter\" books hewed to the monomyth schema. Dan Harmon, the creator of","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024186","text":"sometimes assisted by \"allies\". As the hero faces the \"ordeal,\" he encounters the greatest challenge of the journey. Upon rising to the challenge, the hero will receive a reward, or \"boon\". Campbell's theory of the monomyth continues with the inclusion of a metaphorical \"death\" and \"resurrection\". The hero must then decide to return with this \"boon\" to the \"ordinary world\". The hero then faces more trials on \"the road back\". Upon the hero's return, the boon or gift may be used to improve the hero's ordinary world, in what Campbell calls, the \"application of the boon\". While many myths do","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"7950671","text":"the company \"Storytech Literary Consulting\". It was founded in 1999 and its Vice President, Brad Schreiber, consults on scripts and books, utilizing Vogler's approach. Vogler, like Lucas, was inspired by the writings of mythologist Joseph Campbell, particularly \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", which detailed the Hero's Journey archetype in classical mythology. Vogler used Campbell's work to create a 7-page company memo for Hollywood screenwriters, \"A Practical Guide to The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", which Vogler later developed into \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters\" in 1992, and then \"\" (). Vogler has since spun off","title":"Christopher Vogler"},{"docid":"13178341","text":"different cultures in different times and places. Heavily illustrated and annotated, with numerous charts and maps to show both variations and similarities in different cultures' expressions of mythic themes, this series was intended to serve both academic and lay readers. The \"Historical Atlas\" was left incomplete when Campbell died in 1987. This series was to build on Campbell’s idea, first presented in \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", that myth evolves over time through four stages: Only the first volume was completed at the time of Campbell's death. Published by Alfred van der Marck editions as a single book in","title":"Historical Atlas of World Mythology"},{"docid":"217298","text":"monomyth – and its impact. The novelist Richard Adams acknowledges a debt to Campbell's work and specifically to the concept of the monomyth. In his best known work, \"Watership Down\", Adams uses extracts from \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" as chapter epigrams. Dan Brown mentioned in a \"New York Times\" interview that Joseph Campbell's works, particularly \"The Power of Myth\" and \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", inspired him to create the character of Robert Langdon. One of Campbell's most identifiable, most quoted and arguably most misunderstood sayings was his admonition to \"follow your bliss\". He derived this idea","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"2024184","text":"of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" in July 2008 as part of the Collected Works of Joseph Campbell series of books, audio and video recordings. In 2011, \"Time\" placed the book in its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since the magazine was founded in 1923. Campbell explores the theory that mythological narratives frequently share a fundamental structure. The similarities of these myths brought Campbell to write his book in which he details the structure of the \"monomyth\". He calls the motif of the archetypal narrative, \"the hero's journey\". In a well-known quote","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"217308","text":"the journey of the hero – a term that he borrowed directly from Joyce's \"Finnegans Wake\". From his days in college through the 1940s, Joseph Campbell turned his hand to writing fiction. In many of his later stories (published in the posthumous collection \"Mythic Imagination\") he began to explore the mythological themes that he was discussing in his Sarah Lawrence classes. These ideas turned him eventually from fiction to non-fiction. Originally titled \"How to Read a Myth\", and based on the introductory class on mythology that he had been teaching at Sarah Lawrence College, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"217311","text":"from ancient to modern. Where \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" focused on the commonality of mythology (the \"elementary ideas\"), the \" Masks of God\" books focus upon historical and cultural variations the monomyth takes on (the \"folk ideas\"). In other words, where \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" draws perhaps more from psychology, the \" Masks of God\" books draw more from anthropology and history. The four volumes of \"Masks of God\" are as follows: \"Primitive Mythology\", \"Oriental Mythology\", \"Occidental Mythology\", and \"Creative Mythology\". The book is quoted by proponents of the Christ myth theory. Campbell writes, \"It is","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"2024192","text":"Dutch, Greek, Danish, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Romanian, Czech, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian, Russian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Hebrew, and has sold well over a million copies worldwide. In \"Pathways to Bliss: Mythology and Personal Transformation\", a book drawn from Campbell's late lectures and workshops, he says about artists and the monomyth: \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" has influenced a number of artists, filmmakers, musicians, and poets. Some of these figures include Bob Dylan, George Lucas, and Jim Morrison. Additionally, Mickey Hart, Bob Weir, and Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead had long noted Campbell's influence and participated in a seminar with","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024194","text":"and film-making. Jenova Chen, lead designer at thatgamecompany, also cites \"The Hero's Journey\" as the primary inspiration for the PlayStation 3 game \"Journey\" (2012). Mark Rosewater, head designer of the \"\" trading card game, cites \"The Hero's Journey\" as a major inspiration for , an epic story arc that went from 1997 to 2001, and spanned multiple card sets, comic books, and novels. Christopher Vogler, a Hollywood film producer and writer, wrote a memo for Disney Studios on the use of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" as a guide for scriptwriters; this memo influenced the creation of such films","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2024193","text":"Campbell in 1986, entitled \"From Ritual to Rapture\". Stanley Kubrick introduced Arthur C. Clarke to the book during the writing of \"\". George Lucas' deliberate use of Campbell's theory of the monomyth in the making of the \"Star Wars\" movies is well documented. On the DVD release of the famous colloquy between Campbell and Bill Moyers, filmed at Lucas' Skywalker Ranch and broadcast in 1988 on PBS as \"The Power of Myth\", Campbell and Moyers discussed Lucas's use of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" in making his films. Lucas himself discussed how Campbell's work affected his approach to storytelling","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"17495397","text":"a seven-page studio memo, \"A Practical Guide to The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", based on Campbell's work, which Vogler wrote while working for Disney. An earlier edition, \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters\", was published in 1992. Vogler revised the book for a second release in 1998 and changed the title to \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers\". The third edition, published in 2007, included a new introduction, new artwork and analysis of recent, popular motion pictures. The title of the book was influenced by a number of sources. The first came from Campbell's text,","title":"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers"},{"docid":"13178879","text":"His young adult historical adventure novel \"Risuko\" was published in June, 2016. Kudler is also a stage actor who has appeared with American Conservatory Theatre, Denver Center Theatre Company, California Shakespeare Theater, Marin Theatre Company, A Traveling Jewish Theater], and Theatreworks (Silicon Valley). David Kudler David Kudler (born in 1962) is an American editor and author. He is best known for editing several posthumous editions of the books by Joseph Campbell, including \"Pathways to Bliss\" and the 2008 edition of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". He has served as the publishing director for the Joseph Campbell Foundation since 1999.","title":"David Kudler"},{"docid":"9828297","text":"Fortune Dogs The main character's story presents the journey of the archetypal hero found in world mythologies and religions (the Monomyth), a theory developed by Joseph Campbell in his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". A French Bulldog is adopted from the Happy Kennel by a girl named Ai and is given the name Alex. She tells him stories and reads to him from a book titled \"The Adventures of Freddy\" about dog who leaves home to find the Fortune Tree. However, he is separated from Ai when he mistakenly follows a girl wearing the same clothes as Ai","title":"Fortune Dogs"},{"docid":"2976523","text":"with the universality and evolution of myths in the history of the human race and the place of myths in modern society. Campbell blends accounts of his own upbringing and experience with stories from many cultures and civilizations to present the reader with his most compelling thesis that modern society is going through a transition from the old mythologies and traditions to a new way of thinking where a global mythology will emerge. Some of the material in the first chapter comes from Campbell's previously published books, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" and \"The Masks of God\". The main","title":"The Power of Myth"},{"docid":"133530","text":"markets, though some works published in that medium, such as \"The Cold Equations\", subvert the supposed expectations of the common narrative formula of that time. The dissection and tracking of common formulaic tropes (as well as their subversions and new permutations) has become reasonably popular beyond strictly academic circles. (The Final Girl being one such example, as well as, to some extent, Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"). Amateur circles have websites such as the TV Tropes Wiki. Formula fiction In popular culture, formula fiction is literature in which the storylines and plots have been reused to the extent","title":"Formula fiction"},{"docid":"3608980","text":"modern use of mythology...so that's when I started doing more strenuous research on fairy tales, folklore and mythology, and I started reading Joe's books. Before that I hadn't read any of Joe's books... It was very eerie because in reading \"The Hero with A Thousand Faces\" I began to realize that my first draft of \"Star Wars\" was following classical motifs\" (p. 541). Twelve years after the making of \"The Power of Myth\", Moyers and Lucas met again for the 1999 interview, the \"Mythology of Star Wars with George Lucas & Bill Moyers\", to further discuss the impact of Campbell's","title":"Hero's journey"},{"docid":"9657","text":"new experiences, and becoming closer to the natural world. Many adventures are based on the idea of a quest: the hero goes off in pursuit of a reward, whether it be a skill, prize, or perhaps the safety of a person. On the way, the hero must overcome various obstacles. Mythologist Joseph Campbell discussed his notion of the monomyth in his book, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". Campbell proposed that the heroic mythological stories from culture to culture followed a similar underlying pattern, starting with the \"call to adventure\", followed by a hazardous journey, and eventual triumph. Many video","title":"Adventure"},{"docid":"2976519","text":"on television the year following his death.) In these discussions Campbell presents his ideas about comparative mythology and the ongoing role of myth in human society. These talks include excerpts from Campbell's seminal work \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" The documentary series \"Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth\" was broadcast in six parts: About Campbell, hero types, hero deeds, Jesus Christ, the Buddha, Krishna, movie heroes, Star Wars as a metaphor, an Iroquois story: the refusal of suitors, dragons, dreams and Jungian psychology, “follow your bliss,” consciousness in plants, Gaia, Chartres cathedral, spirituality vs. economics, emerging myths, “Earthrise”","title":"The Power of Myth"},{"docid":"630821","text":"reading books and comics. His first script incorporated ideas from many new sources, including Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". The script would also introduce the concept of a Jedi Master and his son, who trains to be a Jedi under his father's friend; this would ultimately form the basis for the film and, later, the trilogy. However, in this draft, the father is a hero who is still alive at the start of the film. Lucas completed a second draft of \"The Star Wars\" in January 1975, making heavy simplifications and introducing the young hero on a","title":"Star Wars (film)"},{"docid":"9828298","text":"on a bus. Adopting the name Freddy, after the hero in Ai's storybook, Alex begins his quest to return to Ai. But before he can return to his owner, Freddy and his new friends must find the Fortune Tree and save it from dying, otherwise all the humans in the world will lose their good will and no longer care about their pets. Fortune Dogs The main character's story presents the journey of the archetypal hero found in world mythologies and religions (the Monomyth), a theory developed by Joseph Campbell in his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". A","title":"Fortune Dogs"},{"docid":"1573209","text":"return may, indeed, be impossible: Aeneas quests for a homeland, having lost Troy at the beginning of Virgil's \"Aeneid,\" and he does not return to Troy to re-found it but settles in Italy (to become an ancestor of the Romans). If the hero does return after the culmination of the quest, he may face false heroes who attempt to pass themselves off as him, or his initial response may be a rejection of that return, as Joseph Campbell describes in his critical analysis of quest literature, \"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\". If someone dispatches the hero on a quest,","title":"Quest"},{"docid":"4473508","text":"Eric Enno Tamm notes that, except for \"East of Eden\" (1952), Steinbeck's writing declined after Ricketts' death in 1948. Ricketts also influenced the mythologist Joseph Campbell. This was an important period in the development of Campbell's thinking about the epic journey of \"the hero with a thousand faces.\" Campbell lived for a while next door to Ricketts, participated in professional and social activities at his neighbor's, and accompanied him, along with Xenia and Sasha Kashevaroff, on a 1932 journey to Juneau, Alaska, on the \"Grampus\". Like Steinbeck, Campbell played with a novel written round Ricketts as hero, but unlike Steinbeck,","title":"Ed Ricketts"},{"docid":"855550","text":"saw in \"The Golden Bough\", or archetypal, psychological truths, as Joseph Campbell describes in \"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\". The story was described by Reynolds Price, when he wrote: A need to tell and hear stories is essential to the species Homo sapiens – second in necessity apparently after nourishment and before love and shelter. Millions survive without love or home, almost none in silence; the opposite of silence leads quickly to narrative, and the sound of story is the dominant sound of our lives, from the small accounts of our day's events to the vast incommunicable constructs of","title":"Storytelling"},{"docid":"7180261","text":"several references to the World tree and other animistic aspects of the natural world. This work encompasses themes such as \"Hero as Redeemer\" and \"Hero as Saint\" as described in Campbell's\" The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". The trilogy also deals with the concepts of absolute good versus absolute evil, the death of friends and loved ones, and an enlightened look into the origin of courage and fear. One of the most significant themes of \"The Deed of Paksenarrion\" is the balance of gender and the role of women. Women are portrayed as powerful leaders and strong fighters. They are","title":"The Deed of Paksenarrion"},{"docid":"13498021","text":"not been admitted to the college. She found post-war Paris \"extreme and bleak\", befriended Juliette Gréco, and spent three weeks in Switzerland before returning home. When Cameron developed catalepsy, Parsons suggested that she read Sylvan Muldoon's books on astral projection and encouraged her to read James Frazer's \"The Golden Bough\", Heinrich Zimmer's \"The King and the Corpse\", and Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". Although she still did not accept Thelema, she became increasingly interested in the occult, and in particular the use of the tarot. Parsons' and Cameron's relationship was deteriorating and they contemplated divorce. While Cameron","title":"Marjorie Cameron"},{"docid":"217293","text":"American fairy tale, telling us about our values. And once the Western disappeared, nothing has ever taken its place. In literature we were going off into science fiction...so that's when I started doing more strenuous research on fairy tales, folklore, and mythology, and I started reading Joe's books. Before that I hadn't read any of Joe's books...It was very eerie because in reading \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" I began to realize that my first draft of \"Star Wars\" was following classic motifs... So I modified my next draft [of \"Star Wars\"] according to what I'd been learning about","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"10314033","text":"movies. The first main subject of the special discusses the origins of films as they were written in the early 1970s, during a time of social unrest and political upheaval. When \"Star Wars\" was released it reaffirmed the notion that there is such a thing as good versus evil and evil must be defeated. The films made use of Joseph Campbell's model of the hero's journey as discussed in the book \"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\". In \"Star Wars\", two characters embark on the hero's journey, Anakin Skywalker and his son Luke. Luke starts out as a nobody much","title":"Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed"},{"docid":"1918880","text":"In his introduction to the collected edition, author Roger Zelazny also noted that the structure bore some similarity to the key story points of the mythic structure identified by Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" - although he did allow that this might come from Gaiman's intimate knowledge of the same source material rather than a deliberate attempt to follow Campbell's guidelines. When the book was initially released over 1990/1991, it proved very popular and led Vertigo Executive Editor Karen Berger to make it a regular ongoing series under editor Stuart Moore. Tim Hunter made the ultimate choice","title":"The Books of Magic"},{"docid":"2024189","text":"century forms of analysis. Campbell used the work of early 20th century theorists to develop his model of the hero (see also structuralism), including Freud (particularly the Oedipus complex), Carl Jung (archetypal figures and the collective unconscious), and Arnold Van Gennep . Van Gennep contributed the concept of there being three stages of \"The Rites of Passage\". Campbell translated this into Separation, Initiation and Return. He also looked to the work of psychologist Otto Rank and ethnographers James George Frazer and Franz Boas. Campbell was a noted scholar of James Joyce, having co-authored \"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake\" with","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"2841126","text":"1390, deriving from the Anglo-French word \"carogne\" (an insult), itself deriving from the Old North French \"charogne\", \"caroigne\", meaning a disagreeable woman (literally meaning \"carrion\"). Prior to the entrance of the word into English, the surname Hopcrone is recorded (around 1323–1324). In Joseph Campbell's classic work \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", the first encounter of the hero on his journey is with a protective figure who provides him with amulets or magic devices against the dangers he will face. The crone is one of the most common of these protective figures. The child of destiny has to face a","title":"Crone"},{"docid":"19364038","text":"\"Whatsonstage.com\" called it \"a bold dance piece\". A Thousand Faces (play) A Thousand Faces is a concert dance play by British dancer Amina Khayyam. \"A Thousand Faces\" is a story of women who are discriminately attacked because of their gender, often caught up within cultural expectations. \"A Thousand Faces\" explores what independence has meant for Bangladeshi women – and if 'freedom' is a notion that they can identify with using dance, costume and puppetry. The dance piece that uses Kathak's intricate and detailed theatrical movements of abhinaya. The production aims to raise awareness of acid violence. \"A Thousand Faces\" premiered","title":"A Thousand Faces (play)"},{"docid":"19364037","text":"A Thousand Faces (play) A Thousand Faces is a concert dance play by British dancer Amina Khayyam. \"A Thousand Faces\" is a story of women who are discriminately attacked because of their gender, often caught up within cultural expectations. \"A Thousand Faces\" explores what independence has meant for Bangladeshi women – and if 'freedom' is a notion that they can identify with using dance, costume and puppetry. The dance piece that uses Kathak's intricate and detailed theatrical movements of abhinaya. The production aims to raise awareness of acid violence. \"A Thousand Faces\" premiered mac in Birmingham on 27 November 2015.","title":"A Thousand Faces (play)"},{"docid":"7590227","text":"enters a new environment, adapts to that environment, achieves their goal but encounters problems as a result, leaves that world and changes as a result. The steps are as follows: Joseph Campbell's structure of the Monomyth is the main influence in Harmon's technique. In a blog post detailing the second sector of the circle Harmon explains, \"The point of this part of the circle is, our protagonist has been thrown into the water and now it's sink or swim. In \"Hero with a Thousand Faces\", Campbell actually evokes the image of a digestive tract, breaking the hero down, divesting him","title":"Dan Harmon"},{"docid":"2024187","text":"seem to follow the outline of Campbell's monomyth, there is some variance in the inclusion and sequence of some of the stages. Still, there is an abundance of literature and folklore that follows the motif of the archetypal narrative, paralleling the more general steps of \"Departure\" (sometimes called \"Separation\"), \"Initiation\", and \"Return\". \"Departure\" deals with the hero venturing forth on the quest, including the \"call to adventure. \"Initiation\" refers to the hero's adventures that will test him along the way. The last part of the monomyth is the \"Return\", which follows the hero's journey home. Campbell studied mythological and literary","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"7949733","text":"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake is a 1944 work of literary criticism by mythologist Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson. The first major text to provide an in-depth analysis of \"Finnegans Wake\" (James Joyce's final novel), \"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake\" is considered by many scholars to be a seminal work on the text. The term \"monomyth\", which Campbell used to describe his journey of the hero in his book, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", came from \"Finnegans Wake.\" Campbell and Robinson began their analysis of Joyce's work for two reasons:","title":"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake"},{"docid":"14265714","text":"video for the song premiered on Yahoo! Music. Joe Budden has also sampled this song for his mixtape \"\" on a song called \"1000 Faces.\" A Thousand Faces \"A Thousand Faces\" is the third single from the rock band Creed's fourth album \"Full Circle\". It is the third track on the album. \"A Thousand Faces\" was released as a single on March 29, 2010. It had, however, garnered radio airplay several weeks before its release. The song was performed by the band during their 2009 reunion tour and appears on their live DVD \"Creed Live\". The song is recognized by","title":"A Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"12257786","text":"Hamill was honored with the Saturn Award for Best Actor given by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. Hamill reprised the role of Luke Skywalker for the radio dramatizations of both \"Star Wars\" and \"The Empire Strikes Back\". For the \"Return of the Jedi\" radio drama, the role was played by a different actor. Editions of Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" (which influenced Lucas as he was developing the films) issued after the release of \"Star Wars\" in 1977 used the image of Hamill as Luke Skywalker on the cover. Hamill returned to the","title":"Mark Hamill"},{"docid":"13177568","text":"\"Atlas\" and supervising its posthumous publication. With JCF publishing director David Kudler, he continues to oversee the publication of Campbell's \"oeuvre\", including the video series Joseph Campbell's Mythos and the other works in the \"Collected Works of Joseph Campbell\" series, including the 2008 edition of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces.\" Prior to his work in publishing, Walter was a founding faculty fellow at the California Institute of the Arts; lectured widely on experiential education; and pursued a professional theater career, working for a decade as a director, production manager, and playwright. Bob was a founding trustee of United Religions","title":"Robert Walter (editor)"},{"docid":"8126396","text":"plus other methods. Bud Westmore's recreations of the original makeups are clearly partial masks which resemble the originals. Cagney's face in some scenes is fairly immobile, such as the scene where he speaks to Creighton while wearing his \"Hunchback of Notre Dame\" makeup, and when he speaks to the actress at the conclusion of the unmasking scene in \"The Phantom of the Opera.\" Man of a Thousand Faces (film) Man of a Thousand Faces is a 1957 film detailing the life of silent movie actor Lon Chaney, in which the title role is played by James Cagney. Directed by Joseph","title":"Man of a Thousand Faces (film)"},{"docid":"2020257","text":"was his work. In the course of the novel Giles carries out all the tasks prescribed by Joseph Campbell in \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". Barth kept a list of the tasks taped to his wall while he was writing the book. The short story collection \"Lost in the Funhouse\" (1968) and the novella collection \"Chimera\" (1972) are even more metafictional than their two predecessors, foregrounding the writing process and presenting achievements such as a seven-deep nested quotation. \"Chimera\" shared the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. In the novel \"LETTERS\" (1979), Barth interacts with characters from his first","title":"John Barth"},{"docid":"217312","text":"clear that, whether accurate or not as to biographical detail, the moving legend of the Crucified and Risen Christ was fit to bring a new warmth, immediacy, and humanity, to the old motifs of the beloved Tammuz, Adonis, and Osiris cycles.\" At the time of his death, Campbell was in the midst of working upon a large-format, lavishly illustrated series entitled \"Historical Atlas of World Mythology\". This series was to build on Campbell's idea, first presented in \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", that myth evolves over time through four stages: Only the first volume was completed at the time","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"424505","text":"him at his home The Kilns near Oxford, just as the Pevensies stayed with The Professor in \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\". Drew Trotter, president of the Center for Christian Study, noted that the producers of the film \"\" felt that the books' plots adhere to the archetypal \"monomyth\" pattern as detailed in Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". Lewis was widely read in medieval Celtic literature, an influence reflected throughout the books, and most strongly in \"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.\" The entire book imitates one of the immrama, a type of traditional Old","title":"The Chronicles of Narnia"},{"docid":"840549","text":"as described by Joseph Campbell in his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", was taken from a passage in \"Finnegans Wake\". The work of Marshall McLuhan was inspired by James Joyce; his collage book \"War and Peace in the Global Village\" has numerous references to \"Finnegans Wake\". The novel was also the source of the title of Clay Shirky's book \"Here Comes Everybody\". Esther Greenwood, Sylvia Plath's protagonist in \"The Bell Jar\", is writing her college thesis on the 'twin images' in \"Finnegans Wake\", although she never manages to finish either the book or her thesis. According to James","title":"Finnegans Wake"},{"docid":"310417","text":"is to find in your own case where the life is and become alive yourself.\" For Campbell, Jesus mortally suffered on the Cross while Prometheus eternally suffered while chained to a rock, and each of them received punishment for the gift which they bestowed to humankind, for Jesus this was the gift of propitiation from Heaven, and, for Prometheus this was the gift of fire from Olympus. Significantly, Campbell is also clear to indicate the limits of applying the metaphors of his methodology in his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" too closely in assessing the comparison of Prometheus","title":"Prometheus"},{"docid":"11416758","text":"Antonin Artaud (author of \"Theater and its Double\") and by Julian Beck's \"Living Theater\". Other works relating to religion, mysticism, ancient myth and symbolism were of lasting interest, particularly Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". James Frazer's \"The Golden Bough\" also became a source of inspiration and is reflected in the title and lyrics of the song \"Not to Touch the Earth.\" Morrison was particularly attracted to the myths and religions of Native American cultures. While he was still at school, his family moved to New Mexico where he got to see some of the places and artifacts","title":"Jim Morrison"},{"docid":"1910173","text":"unhappy experience for me,\" said Miller. \"There was strong pressure to make a sequel, and I felt we could do a better job with a second movie.\" Inspired by Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" and the work of Carl Jung, Miller recruited Hayes to join the production as a scriptwriter. Brian Hannant also came on board as co-writer and second unit director. Miller says that he was greatly influenced by the films of Akira Kurosawa. Principal photography took place over the course of twelve weeks in the winter of 1981 near Broken Hill. Scenes were shot at","title":"Mad Max 2"},{"docid":"17495398","text":"\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". Later, in the 1980s, two documentaries would introduce the phrase, \"The Hero's Journey\" into popular discourse. The first, released in 1987, \"The Hero's Journey: The World of Joseph Campbell\" was accompanied by a 1990 companion book, \"The Hero's Journey: Joseph Campbell on His Life and Work\". The second was Bill Moyers' series of seminal interviews with Campbell, released in 1988 as the documentary (and companion book) \"The Power of Myth\". The first part of the book describes eight major character archetypes in detail. Those are: The second part describes the twelve stages of the","title":"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers"},{"docid":"3608978","text":"'Nothing retains its own form; but Nature, the greater renewer, ever makes up forms from forms. Be sure that nothing perishes in the whole universe; it does but vary and renew its form.' Thus the next moment is permitted to come to pass.\" The monomyth concept has been popular in American literary studies and writing guides since at least the 1970s. Christopher Vogler, a Hollywood film producer and writer, created a 7-page company memo, \"A Practical Guide to The Hero With a Thousand Faces\", based on Campbell's work. Vogler's memo was later developed into the late 1990s book, \"\". George","title":"Hero's journey"},{"docid":"14265713","text":"A Thousand Faces \"A Thousand Faces\" is the third single from the rock band Creed's fourth album \"Full Circle\". It is the third track on the album. \"A Thousand Faces\" was released as a single on March 29, 2010. It had, however, garnered radio airplay several weeks before its release. The song was performed by the band during their 2009 reunion tour and appears on their live DVD \"Creed Live\". The song is recognized by its chorus, which features a dual-lead vocal performance by vocalist Scott Stapp and lead guitarist Mark Tremonti, a first since \"My Own Prison.\" A music","title":"A Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"5507228","text":"lurid, purple-prosed adventure stories under a thin science fiction-veneer. Spinrad was intent on demonstrating just how close Joseph Campbell's hero with a thousand faces and much science fiction and fantasy literature can be to the racist ideology of Nazi Germany. The nested narrative is followed by a faux scholarly analysis by a fictional literary critic, Homer Whipple, of New York University, which is said to have been written in 1959. Spinrad has said that the original version of the novel was 70,000 words long, but that his editor requested he add an extra 10,000 words \"to justify the advance and","title":"The Iron Dream"},{"docid":"310415","text":"imagination. It is recognizable from a Greek gem roughly dated to the time of the Hesiod poems, which show Prometheus with hands bound behind his body and crouching before a bird with long wings. This same image would also be used later in the Rome of the Augustan age as documented by Furtwangler. In the often cited and highly publicized interview between Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers on Public Television, the author of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" presented his view on the comparison of Prometheus and Jesus. Moyers asked Campbell the question in the following words, \"In this","title":"Prometheus"},{"docid":"13047427","text":"\"New York Times\" bestseller for 100 weeks), \"The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success\" by Deepak Chopra, \"Way of the Peaceful Warrior\" by Dan Millman (through its H J Kramer imprint) and the \"Collected Works of Joseph Campbell\" series, including the acclaimed 2008 edition of Campbell's classic \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". In 2014, the company partnered with Eckhart Tolle to create Eckhart Tolle Editions, an imprint consisting of books identified by Tolle. In 2015, the imprint released as its first titles \"The Calm Center\" by Steve Taylor and \"Parenting with Presence\" by Susan Stiffelman. New World Library New World","title":"New World Library"},{"docid":"1387977","text":"virtual world. Noon also credits Joseph Campbell's book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" for inspiring the narrative structure of \"Vurt\". The character of Desdemona is based on the character of the same name from William Shakespeare's play \"Othello\". The Curious Yellow feather is a possible allusion to the 1967 Swedish film \"I Am Curious (Yellow)\", which uses non-linear narrative structures and postmodern techniques like the novel. It might also be a reference to computer worms (the Vurt is riddled with virtual reality serpents which propagate from game to game, like computer worms replicate themselves by hijacking computer programs). \"Vurt\"","title":"Vurt"},{"docid":"6797617","text":"credits his perennial teaching of certain novels to high school students with teaching him about \"the scaffolding\" of longer stories. Among these, Lamb lists Harper Lee's \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", Mark Twain's \"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\", and J.D. Salinger's \"The Catcher in the Rye\". He says Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" and other anthropological analyses of the commonalities of ancient myths from diverse world cultures helped him to figure out the ways in which stories, ancient and modern, can illuminate the human condition. Lamb has also stated that he is influenced by pop culture and artists","title":"Wally Lamb"},{"docid":"16580291","text":"Alexander (1895–1990) – Premier doll maker of the 20th century · Robert Allen (1928–2000) – Music Composer; \"There's no Place Like Home for the Holidays\" · Jerry Bock (1928–2010) – Musical theater composer; \"Fiddler on the Roof\" · Theresa Brewer (1932–2007) – Singer and entertainer · Nell Brinkley (1886–1944) – Illustrator, cartoonist; the \"Queen of Comics\" · Joseph Campbell (1904–1987) – Writer, mythologist; \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" · Irene Castle (1893–1969) – Dancer and trend-setter (with Vernon Castle) · Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947) – A leader of the women’s suffrage movement · J. Fred Coots (1897–1985) – Songwriter;","title":"New Rochelle Walk of Fame"},{"docid":"17495399","text":"Hero's journey. The stages are: The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers is a popular screenwriting textbook by writer Christopher Vogler, focusing on the theory that most stories can be boiled down to a series of narrative structures and character archetypes, described through mythological allegory. Vogler based this work upon the writings of mythologist Joseph Campbell, particularly \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", and holds that all successful films innately adhere to its principles. The book was very well received upon its release, and is often featured in recommended reading lists for student","title":"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers"},{"docid":"17495396","text":"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers is a popular screenwriting textbook by writer Christopher Vogler, focusing on the theory that most stories can be boiled down to a series of narrative structures and character archetypes, described through mythological allegory. Vogler based this work upon the writings of mythologist Joseph Campbell, particularly \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", and holds that all successful films innately adhere to its principles. The book was very well received upon its release, and is often featured in recommended reading lists for student screenwriters. The book stems from","title":"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers"},{"docid":"613029","text":"his work on \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", which heavily influenced Lucas' writing of the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy's outline. Japanese films such as Akira Kurosawa's \"The Hidden Fortress\" influenced the original \"Star Wars\" film; scholars say that \"The Phantom Menace\" was likewise influenced by Korean and Japanese culture. Film historians Geoff King and Tanya Krzywinska write, \"The costume and make-up designs ... favour a mixture of the gothic and the oriental [sic] over anything very futuristic. The gothic is most strongly apparent in Darth Maul's demonic horns and the red and black make-up mask that borrows from the","title":"Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace"},{"docid":"4869744","text":"attackers. When he faces Mantis, Infinity Man shows his manipulation powers again by changing the atomic structure of the ice he was trapped inside. In the same issue, he survives being touched with anti-matter and finally defeats Mantis with Infinity-beams, which effectively removes the energy from Mantis. In one issue of Young Justice, the hero known as Impulse took part in the Forever People's summoning, resulting in the manifestation of a somewhat immature and hyperactive version of the Infinity Man, who displayed super-speed. Infinity-Man Infinity-Man is a fictional character published by DC Comics. Infinity-Man first appeared in \"Forever People\" #1","title":"Infinity-Man"},{"docid":"135879","text":"Jung, particularly by the concepts of the anima and the shadow. From the mid-1960s onwards, he began incorporating elements of Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". These concepts are often openly mentioned in his stories, especially the anima, which becomes a method of exploring his fascination with, but estrangement from, the female. Leiber liked cats, which feature prominently in many of his stories. Tigerishka, for example, is a cat-like alien who is sexually attractive to the human protagonist yet repelled by human customs in the novel \"The Wanderer\". Leiber's \"Gummitch\" stories feature a kitten with an I.Q. of","title":"Fritz Leiber"},{"docid":"2815265","text":"a poor woman goes on adventures and in the end makes a fortune for herself, or a lonely man falls in love and marries. Another form of storytelling that offers a change or transformation of character is that of \"hero's journey,\" as laid out in Joseph Campbell's theory of the monomyth in his work, \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". Christopher Vogler's \"\" details the same theory specifically for western storytelling. Story arcs in contemporary drama often follow the pattern of bringing a character to a low point, removing the structures the character depends upon, and then forcing the character","title":"Story arc"},{"docid":"20237236","text":"Rhys Davids said that the Jātakas are “collectively the greatest epic, in literature, of the Ascent of Man”. Joseph Campbell discussed the life of the Buddha extensively in his \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", relying on the later Buddha legends. However, modern examination of Buddhist mythology is rare, and critics have argued that the emphasis on rationality in Buddhist modernism has obscured the role of mythology in Buddhist communities both past and present. As noted by scholars such as Thomas Rhys Davids, the earliest texts of Buddhism (such as the Nikāyas and Āgamas) do not present a single coherent","title":"Buddhist mythology"},{"docid":"9210692","text":"third, fourth, and fifth volumes have already appeared, with Frank Schildiner's take on the hero as the cover tale. Stephen Payne wrote a fourth new \"Secret Agent X\" novel, \"The Resurrection Ring,\" which revealed new facts about the origin of the Man of a Thousand Faces. It also starred some old friends and even an old enemy who had not been featured since the 1930s. Altus Press released it in Summer 2014, at Pulpfest. More recently, Payne has completed his fifth novel of the Secret Agent, \"League of the Seventh Son\". Set in New Orleans in 1932, it will showcase","title":"Secret Agent X"},{"docid":"13178878","text":"David Kudler David Kudler (born in 1962) is an American editor and author. He is best known for editing several posthumous editions of the books by Joseph Campbell, including \"Pathways to Bliss\" and the 2008 edition of \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". He has served as the publishing director for the Joseph Campbell Foundation since 1999. While there, he has been the managing editor of the \"Collected Works of Joseph Campbell\" series. In 2012, he started Stillpoint Digital Press, producing print, ebook and audiobook editions. He serves as a blogger for \"Huffington Post\", writing mostly about books and publishing.","title":"David Kudler"},{"docid":"18266601","text":"catalyzed states of consciousness to the birth process. Drawing on literature as diverse as Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" and Otto Rank's \"Das Trauma der Geburt\", as well as the works of child psychologist Alice Miller, particularly her ideas about \"poisonous pedagogy\", and Stanley Milgram's research into the nature of authority and obedience, Waterman posits that \"all\" human experience, including religious and mystical states, can be traced back to the earliest stages of biological, cognitive and social development. He then goes on to posit a relationship between early cognitive and psychological development and culture in the production","title":"Daniel Waterman"},{"docid":"70048","text":"attacked the idea that stories should follow the \"archetypes\" popular since the time of Ancient Greece, and the assumption that these would somehow be the same ones that would call to modern readers, as Joseph Campbell argued in \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". Instead, Ballard wanted to write a new myth for the modern reader, a style with \"more psycho-literary ideas, more meta-biological and meta-chemical concepts, private time systems, synthetic psychologies and space-times, more of the sombre half-worlds one glimpses in the paintings of schizophrenics.\" This had a profound influence on a new generation of writers, some of whom","title":"Cyberpunk"},{"docid":"19260873","text":"cultural objects can also provide religious and spiritual experiences, like \"Journey\" (2012). Developer Jenova Chen said that \"I feel that \"Journey\" is a very spiritual game. People from around the world ask me if the game has a religious connection. Many religions share an affinity with \"Journey\"—this is because many religions partly share a common structure\". Chen said \"Journey\" is based upon Joseph Campbell's book on comparative mythology \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" and the \"Hero's Journey\" narrative structure. After the death of Leonard Nimoy, \"Star Trek Online\" added two statues in his honor, and \"World of Warcraft\" added","title":"Religion and video games"},{"docid":"15613985","text":"Alone\", the third novel in his series of Titus books, following \"Titus Groan\" (1946), and \"Gormenghast\" (1950), only with difficulty. When published in 1959 \"Titus Alone\" was less polished than he might have wished, but he was beyond correcting it. He had always planned a longer series, taking his hero up to his forties at least. On his death from Parkinson's disease in November 1968, Peake left a few pages of notes for a fourth book, of which fewer than a thousand words are legible. During the 1970s, Gilmore worked on the fourth Titus book herself, inspired partly by the","title":"Maeve Gilmore"},{"docid":"9677112","text":"must do so anyway to save the world. Their original plan was to leave town once Aya kicked her story. However, Lai is seen at the Thousand Faces Party as a recruit to the Extras, and when Aya asks where the others are, Lai replies, \"Probably all watching this party on their wallscreens.\" Their last trick was to have the cake explode at the Thousand Faces Party as soon as it is cut. It is unsure whether this was accomplished as the book ended before this could happen. Scott Westerfeld has stated that Lai's original name is Ai, using variations","title":"Extras (novel)"},{"docid":"217296","text":"the late 1990s called \"Star Wars: The Magic of Myth\", which discussed the ways in which Campbell's work shaped the \"Star Wars\" films. Many filmmakers of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have acknowledged the influence of Campbell's work on their own craft. Christopher Vogler, a Hollywood screenwriter, created a seven-page company memo based on Campbell's work, \"A Practical Guide to The Hero With a Thousand Faces\", which led to the development of Disney's 1994 film \"The Lion King\". Among films that many viewers have recognized as closely following the pattern of the monomyth are \"The Matrix\" series, the","title":"Joseph Campbell"},{"docid":"2024188","text":"classics including the stories of Osiris, Prometheus, the Buddha, Moses, Mohammed, and Jesus. Campbell's book cites the similarities of the stories, and references them as he breaks down the structure of the monomyth. The book includes a discussion of \"the hero's journey\" by using the Freudian concepts popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Campbell's theory incorporates a mixture of Jungian archetypes, unconscious forces, and Arnold van Gennep's structuring of rites of passage rituals to provide some illumination. \"The hero's journey\" continues to influence artists and intellectuals in contemporary arts and culture, suggesting a basic usefulness for Campbell's insights beyond mid-20th","title":"The Hero with a Thousand Faces"},{"docid":"14569854","text":"process of therapy\" '. Later practitioners would more cautiously observe that '\"script cure\"...is seldom a once-for-all event. Much more often, cure is a matter of progressively learning to exercise new choices'. Drawing on the work of Freud, Jung, and Joseph Campbell, in \"The Hero With A Thousand Faces\", Berne argued that fairy-tales, legends, mythology and drama were the early tools for mankind 'to distill out and record the more homely and recognizable patterns of human living' - and that they still provide keys to the framework of the contemporary life script. Berne made 'script analysis...a central theme of his last","title":"Script analysis"},{"docid":"630867","text":"film \"The Hidden Fortress\", and Joseph Campbell's \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\". \"Star Wars\" features many elements derived from \"Flash Gordon\", such as the conflict between rebels and Imperial Forces, the wipes between scenes, the fusion of futuristic technology and traditional mythology, and the famous opening crawl that begins each film. The film has also been compared to \"The Wizard of Oz\". The influence of \"The Hidden Fortress\" can be seen in the relationship between C-3PO and R2-D2, which evolved from the two bickering peasants, Tahei and Matashichi, and a Japanese family crest seen in the earlier film is","title":"Star Wars (film)"},{"docid":"6747756","text":"honour, the bounds of loyalty and man's relationship to nature, themes which would continue in Innes' later works. Like many of Innes' novels, the hero faces all sorts of obstacles, which he has to overcome, including a family tragedy. The psychological characterization of the hero gives the book an added interest. An adaptation of the book was broadcast in BBC radio 4's \"Saturday Night Theatre\" in 1974, with Martin Jarvis playing Peter Strode. The Strode Venturer The Strode Venturer is a thriller by British author Hammond Innes published in 1965. Geoffrey Bailey returns to London, leaving behind a career in","title":"The Strode Venturer"},{"docid":"2342899","text":"also takes inspirations from pre-Roman Celtic folklore (Arthurian legends are post-Roman, set around the third century AD). Lucas has also said that chivalry, knighthood, paladinism and related institutions in feudal societies inspired some concepts in the \"Star Wars\" movies, most notably the Jedi Knights. The work of the mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\", directly influenced Lucas, and is what drove him to create the \"modern myth\" of \"Star Wars\". The natural flow of energy known as the Force is believed to have originated from the concept of \"qi/chi/ki\", \"the all-pervading vital energy of","title":"Star Wars sources and analogues"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024191\",\n \"text\": \"Hamill as Luke Skywalker on the cover. Princeton University Press issued a commemorative printing of the second edition in 2004 on the occasion of the joint centennial of Campbell's birth and the Press's founding with an added foreword by Clarissa Pinkola Estés. A third edition, compiled by the Joseph Campbell Foundation and published by New World Library, was released as the twelfth title in the Collected Works of Joseph Campbell series in July 2008. \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" has been translated into over twenty languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese (simplified and traditional), Turkish,\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024185\",\n \"text\": \"from the introduction to \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Campbell summarizes the monomyth: In laying out the monomyth, Campbell describes a number of stages or steps along this journey. \\\"The hero's journey\\\" begins in the \\\"ordinary world\\\". He must depart from the \\\"ordinary world\\\", when he receives a \\\"call to adventure\\\". With the help of a \\\"mentor\\\", the hero will cross a \\\"guarded threshold\\\", leading him to a supernatural world, where familiar laws and order do not apply. There, the hero will embark on a \\\"road of trial\\\"s, where he is tested along the way. The archetypal hero is\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024195\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Aladdin\\\" (1992), \\\"The Lion King\\\" (1994), and \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (1991). Vogler later expanded the memo and published it as the book \\\"\\\", which became the inspiration for a number of successful Hollywood films and is believed to have been used in the development of the \\\"Matrix\\\" series. Novelist Richard Adams acknowledges a debt to Campbell's work, and specifically to the concept of the monomyth. In his best known work, \\\"Watership Down\\\", Adams uses extracts from \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" as chapter epigrams. Author Neil Gaiman, whose work is frequently seen as exemplifying the monomyth structure,\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"295559\",\n \"text\": \"a more generous view in his study of the novel \\\"Coraline\\\", where he argues that the work plays and riffs productively on Sigmund Freud's notion of the Uncanny, or the \\\"Unheimlich\\\". Though Gaiman's work is frequently seen as exemplifying the monomyth structure laid out in Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Gaiman says that he started reading \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" but refused to finish it: \\\"I think I got about half way through \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" and found myself thinking if this is true – I don't want to know. I really\",\n \"title\": \"Neil Gaiman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024196\",\n \"text\": \"says that he started \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" but refused to finish it: \\\"I think I got about half way through \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" and found myself thinking if this is true—I don't want to know. I really would rather not know this stuff. I’d rather do it because it's true and because I accidentally wind up creating something that falls into this pattern than be told what the pattern is.\\\"Many scholars and reviewers have noted how closely J. K. Rowling's popular \\\"Harry Potter\\\" books hewed to the monomyth schema. Dan Harmon, the creator of\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024186\",\n \"text\": \"sometimes assisted by \\\"allies\\\". As the hero faces the \\\"ordeal,\\\" he encounters the greatest challenge of the journey. Upon rising to the challenge, the hero will receive a reward, or \\\"boon\\\". Campbell's theory of the monomyth continues with the inclusion of a metaphorical \\\"death\\\" and \\\"resurrection\\\". The hero must then decide to return with this \\\"boon\\\" to the \\\"ordinary world\\\". The hero then faces more trials on \\\"the road back\\\". Upon the hero's return, the boon or gift may be used to improve the hero's ordinary world, in what Campbell calls, the \\\"application of the boon\\\". While many myths do\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7950671\",\n \"text\": \"the company \\\"Storytech Literary Consulting\\\". It was founded in 1999 and its Vice President, Brad Schreiber, consults on scripts and books, utilizing Vogler's approach. Vogler, like Lucas, was inspired by the writings of mythologist Joseph Campbell, particularly \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", which detailed the Hero's Journey archetype in classical mythology. Vogler used Campbell's work to create a 7-page company memo for Hollywood screenwriters, \\\"A Practical Guide to The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", which Vogler later developed into \\\"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters\\\" in 1992, and then \\\"\\\" (). Vogler has since spun off\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Vogler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13178341\",\n \"text\": \"different cultures in different times and places. Heavily illustrated and annotated, with numerous charts and maps to show both variations and similarities in different cultures' expressions of mythic themes, this series was intended to serve both academic and lay readers. The \\\"Historical Atlas\\\" was left incomplete when Campbell died in 1987. This series was to build on Campbell’s idea, first presented in \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", that myth evolves over time through four stages: Only the first volume was completed at the time of Campbell's death. Published by Alfred van der Marck editions as a single book in\",\n \"title\": \"Historical Atlas of World Mythology\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217298\",\n \"text\": \"monomyth – and its impact. The novelist Richard Adams acknowledges a debt to Campbell's work and specifically to the concept of the monomyth. In his best known work, \\\"Watership Down\\\", Adams uses extracts from \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" as chapter epigrams. Dan Brown mentioned in a \\\"New York Times\\\" interview that Joseph Campbell's works, particularly \\\"The Power of Myth\\\" and \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", inspired him to create the character of Robert Langdon. One of Campbell's most identifiable, most quoted and arguably most misunderstood sayings was his admonition to \\\"follow your bliss\\\". He derived this idea\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024184\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" in July 2008 as part of the Collected Works of Joseph Campbell series of books, audio and video recordings. In 2011, \\\"Time\\\" placed the book in its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since the magazine was founded in 1923. Campbell explores the theory that mythological narratives frequently share a fundamental structure. The similarities of these myths brought Campbell to write his book in which he details the structure of the \\\"monomyth\\\". He calls the motif of the archetypal narrative, \\\"the hero's journey\\\". In a well-known quote\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217308\",\n \"text\": \"the journey of the hero – a term that he borrowed directly from Joyce's \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". From his days in college through the 1940s, Joseph Campbell turned his hand to writing fiction. In many of his later stories (published in the posthumous collection \\\"Mythic Imagination\\\") he began to explore the mythological themes that he was discussing in his Sarah Lawrence classes. These ideas turned him eventually from fiction to non-fiction. Originally titled \\\"How to Read a Myth\\\", and based on the introductory class on mythology that he had been teaching at Sarah Lawrence College, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217311\",\n \"text\": \"from ancient to modern. Where \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" focused on the commonality of mythology (the \\\"elementary ideas\\\"), the \\\" Masks of God\\\" books focus upon historical and cultural variations the monomyth takes on (the \\\"folk ideas\\\"). In other words, where \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" draws perhaps more from psychology, the \\\" Masks of God\\\" books draw more from anthropology and history. The four volumes of \\\"Masks of God\\\" are as follows: \\\"Primitive Mythology\\\", \\\"Oriental Mythology\\\", \\\"Occidental Mythology\\\", and \\\"Creative Mythology\\\". The book is quoted by proponents of the Christ myth theory. Campbell writes, \\\"It is\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024192\",\n \"text\": \"Dutch, Greek, Danish, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Romanian, Czech, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian, Russian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Hebrew, and has sold well over a million copies worldwide. In \\\"Pathways to Bliss: Mythology and Personal Transformation\\\", a book drawn from Campbell's late lectures and workshops, he says about artists and the monomyth: \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" has influenced a number of artists, filmmakers, musicians, and poets. Some of these figures include Bob Dylan, George Lucas, and Jim Morrison. Additionally, Mickey Hart, Bob Weir, and Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead had long noted Campbell's influence and participated in a seminar with\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024194\",\n \"text\": \"and film-making. Jenova Chen, lead designer at thatgamecompany, also cites \\\"The Hero's Journey\\\" as the primary inspiration for the PlayStation 3 game \\\"Journey\\\" (2012). Mark Rosewater, head designer of the \\\"\\\" trading card game, cites \\\"The Hero's Journey\\\" as a major inspiration for , an epic story arc that went from 1997 to 2001, and spanned multiple card sets, comic books, and novels. Christopher Vogler, a Hollywood film producer and writer, wrote a memo for Disney Studios on the use of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" as a guide for scriptwriters; this memo influenced the creation of such films\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024193\",\n \"text\": \"Campbell in 1986, entitled \\\"From Ritual to Rapture\\\". Stanley Kubrick introduced Arthur C. Clarke to the book during the writing of \\\"\\\". George Lucas' deliberate use of Campbell's theory of the monomyth in the making of the \\\"Star Wars\\\" movies is well documented. On the DVD release of the famous colloquy between Campbell and Bill Moyers, filmed at Lucas' Skywalker Ranch and broadcast in 1988 on PBS as \\\"The Power of Myth\\\", Campbell and Moyers discussed Lucas's use of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" in making his films. Lucas himself discussed how Campbell's work affected his approach to storytelling\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17495397\",\n \"text\": \"a seven-page studio memo, \\\"A Practical Guide to The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", based on Campbell's work, which Vogler wrote while working for Disney. An earlier edition, \\\"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters\\\", was published in 1992. Vogler revised the book for a second release in 1998 and changed the title to \\\"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers\\\". The third edition, published in 2007, included a new introduction, new artwork and analysis of recent, popular motion pictures. The title of the book was influenced by a number of sources. The first came from Campbell's text,\",\n \"title\": \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13178879\",\n \"text\": \"His young adult historical adventure novel \\\"Risuko\\\" was published in June, 2016. Kudler is also a stage actor who has appeared with American Conservatory Theatre, Denver Center Theatre Company, California Shakespeare Theater, Marin Theatre Company, A Traveling Jewish Theater], and Theatreworks (Silicon Valley). David Kudler David Kudler (born in 1962) is an American editor and author. He is best known for editing several posthumous editions of the books by Joseph Campbell, including \\\"Pathways to Bliss\\\" and the 2008 edition of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". He has served as the publishing director for the Joseph Campbell Foundation since 1999.\",\n \"title\": \"David Kudler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9828297\",\n \"text\": \"Fortune Dogs The main character's story presents the journey of the archetypal hero found in world mythologies and religions (the Monomyth), a theory developed by Joseph Campbell in his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". A French Bulldog is adopted from the Happy Kennel by a girl named Ai and is given the name Alex. She tells him stories and reads to him from a book titled \\\"The Adventures of Freddy\\\" about dog who leaves home to find the Fortune Tree. However, he is separated from Ai when he mistakenly follows a girl wearing the same clothes as Ai\",\n \"title\": \"Fortune Dogs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2976523\",\n \"text\": \"with the universality and evolution of myths in the history of the human race and the place of myths in modern society. Campbell blends accounts of his own upbringing and experience with stories from many cultures and civilizations to present the reader with his most compelling thesis that modern society is going through a transition from the old mythologies and traditions to a new way of thinking where a global mythology will emerge. Some of the material in the first chapter comes from Campbell's previously published books, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" and \\\"The Masks of God\\\". The main\",\n \"title\": \"The Power of Myth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"133530\",\n \"text\": \"markets, though some works published in that medium, such as \\\"The Cold Equations\\\", subvert the supposed expectations of the common narrative formula of that time. The dissection and tracking of common formulaic tropes (as well as their subversions and new permutations) has become reasonably popular beyond strictly academic circles. (The Final Girl being one such example, as well as, to some extent, Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\"). Amateur circles have websites such as the TV Tropes Wiki. Formula fiction In popular culture, formula fiction is literature in which the storylines and plots have been reused to the extent\",\n \"title\": \"Formula fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3608980\",\n \"text\": \"modern use of mythology...so that's when I started doing more strenuous research on fairy tales, folklore and mythology, and I started reading Joe's books. Before that I hadn't read any of Joe's books... It was very eerie because in reading \\\"The Hero with A Thousand Faces\\\" I began to realize that my first draft of \\\"Star Wars\\\" was following classical motifs\\\" (p. 541). Twelve years after the making of \\\"The Power of Myth\\\", Moyers and Lucas met again for the 1999 interview, the \\\"Mythology of Star Wars with George Lucas & Bill Moyers\\\", to further discuss the impact of Campbell's\",\n \"title\": \"Hero's journey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9657\",\n \"text\": \"new experiences, and becoming closer to the natural world. Many adventures are based on the idea of a quest: the hero goes off in pursuit of a reward, whether it be a skill, prize, or perhaps the safety of a person. On the way, the hero must overcome various obstacles. Mythologist Joseph Campbell discussed his notion of the monomyth in his book, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". Campbell proposed that the heroic mythological stories from culture to culture followed a similar underlying pattern, starting with the \\\"call to adventure\\\", followed by a hazardous journey, and eventual triumph. Many video\",\n \"title\": \"Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2976519\",\n \"text\": \"on television the year following his death.) In these discussions Campbell presents his ideas about comparative mythology and the ongoing role of myth in human society. These talks include excerpts from Campbell's seminal work \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" The documentary series \\\"Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth\\\" was broadcast in six parts: About Campbell, hero types, hero deeds, Jesus Christ, the Buddha, Krishna, movie heroes, Star Wars as a metaphor, an Iroquois story: the refusal of suitors, dragons, dreams and Jungian psychology, “follow your bliss,” consciousness in plants, Gaia, Chartres cathedral, spirituality vs. economics, emerging myths, “Earthrise”\",\n \"title\": \"The Power of Myth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"630821\",\n \"text\": \"reading books and comics. His first script incorporated ideas from many new sources, including Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". The script would also introduce the concept of a Jedi Master and his son, who trains to be a Jedi under his father's friend; this would ultimately form the basis for the film and, later, the trilogy. However, in this draft, the father is a hero who is still alive at the start of the film. Lucas completed a second draft of \\\"The Star Wars\\\" in January 1975, making heavy simplifications and introducing the young hero on a\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9828298\",\n \"text\": \"on a bus. Adopting the name Freddy, after the hero in Ai's storybook, Alex begins his quest to return to Ai. But before he can return to his owner, Freddy and his new friends must find the Fortune Tree and save it from dying, otherwise all the humans in the world will lose their good will and no longer care about their pets. Fortune Dogs The main character's story presents the journey of the archetypal hero found in world mythologies and religions (the Monomyth), a theory developed by Joseph Campbell in his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". A\",\n \"title\": \"Fortune Dogs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1573209\",\n \"text\": \"return may, indeed, be impossible: Aeneas quests for a homeland, having lost Troy at the beginning of Virgil's \\\"Aeneid,\\\" and he does not return to Troy to re-found it but settles in Italy (to become an ancestor of the Romans). If the hero does return after the culmination of the quest, he may face false heroes who attempt to pass themselves off as him, or his initial response may be a rejection of that return, as Joseph Campbell describes in his critical analysis of quest literature, \\\"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\\\". If someone dispatches the hero on a quest,\",\n \"title\": \"Quest\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4473508\",\n \"text\": \"Eric Enno Tamm notes that, except for \\\"East of Eden\\\" (1952), Steinbeck's writing declined after Ricketts' death in 1948. Ricketts also influenced the mythologist Joseph Campbell. This was an important period in the development of Campbell's thinking about the epic journey of \\\"the hero with a thousand faces.\\\" Campbell lived for a while next door to Ricketts, participated in professional and social activities at his neighbor's, and accompanied him, along with Xenia and Sasha Kashevaroff, on a 1932 journey to Juneau, Alaska, on the \\\"Grampus\\\". Like Steinbeck, Campbell played with a novel written round Ricketts as hero, but unlike Steinbeck,\",\n \"title\": \"Ed Ricketts\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"855550\",\n \"text\": \"saw in \\\"The Golden Bough\\\", or archetypal, psychological truths, as Joseph Campbell describes in \\\"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\\\". The story was described by Reynolds Price, when he wrote: A need to tell and hear stories is essential to the species Homo sapiens – second in necessity apparently after nourishment and before love and shelter. Millions survive without love or home, almost none in silence; the opposite of silence leads quickly to narrative, and the sound of story is the dominant sound of our lives, from the small accounts of our day's events to the vast incommunicable constructs of\",\n \"title\": \"Storytelling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7180261\",\n \"text\": \"several references to the World tree and other animistic aspects of the natural world. This work encompasses themes such as \\\"Hero as Redeemer\\\" and \\\"Hero as Saint\\\" as described in Campbell's\\\" The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". The trilogy also deals with the concepts of absolute good versus absolute evil, the death of friends and loved ones, and an enlightened look into the origin of courage and fear. One of the most significant themes of \\\"The Deed of Paksenarrion\\\" is the balance of gender and the role of women. Women are portrayed as powerful leaders and strong fighters. They are\",\n \"title\": \"The Deed of Paksenarrion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13498021\",\n \"text\": \"not been admitted to the college. She found post-war Paris \\\"extreme and bleak\\\", befriended Juliette Gréco, and spent three weeks in Switzerland before returning home. When Cameron developed catalepsy, Parsons suggested that she read Sylvan Muldoon's books on astral projection and encouraged her to read James Frazer's \\\"The Golden Bough\\\", Heinrich Zimmer's \\\"The King and the Corpse\\\", and Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". Although she still did not accept Thelema, she became increasingly interested in the occult, and in particular the use of the tarot. Parsons' and Cameron's relationship was deteriorating and they contemplated divorce. While Cameron\",\n \"title\": \"Marjorie Cameron\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217293\",\n \"text\": \"American fairy tale, telling us about our values. And once the Western disappeared, nothing has ever taken its place. In literature we were going off into science fiction...so that's when I started doing more strenuous research on fairy tales, folklore, and mythology, and I started reading Joe's books. Before that I hadn't read any of Joe's books...It was very eerie because in reading \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" I began to realize that my first draft of \\\"Star Wars\\\" was following classic motifs... So I modified my next draft [of \\\"Star Wars\\\"] according to what I'd been learning about\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10314033\",\n \"text\": \"movies. The first main subject of the special discusses the origins of films as they were written in the early 1970s, during a time of social unrest and political upheaval. When \\\"Star Wars\\\" was released it reaffirmed the notion that there is such a thing as good versus evil and evil must be defeated. The films made use of Joseph Campbell's model of the hero's journey as discussed in the book \\\"The Hero With a Thousand Faces\\\". In \\\"Star Wars\\\", two characters embark on the hero's journey, Anakin Skywalker and his son Luke. Luke starts out as a nobody much\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1918880\",\n \"text\": \"In his introduction to the collected edition, author Roger Zelazny also noted that the structure bore some similarity to the key story points of the mythic structure identified by Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" - although he did allow that this might come from Gaiman's intimate knowledge of the same source material rather than a deliberate attempt to follow Campbell's guidelines. When the book was initially released over 1990/1991, it proved very popular and led Vertigo Executive Editor Karen Berger to make it a regular ongoing series under editor Stuart Moore. Tim Hunter made the ultimate choice\",\n \"title\": \"The Books of Magic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024189\",\n \"text\": \"century forms of analysis. Campbell used the work of early 20th century theorists to develop his model of the hero (see also structuralism), including Freud (particularly the Oedipus complex), Carl Jung (archetypal figures and the collective unconscious), and Arnold Van Gennep . Van Gennep contributed the concept of there being three stages of \\\"The Rites of Passage\\\". Campbell translated this into Separation, Initiation and Return. He also looked to the work of psychologist Otto Rank and ethnographers James George Frazer and Franz Boas. Campbell was a noted scholar of James Joyce, having co-authored \\\"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake\\\" with\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2841126\",\n \"text\": \"1390, deriving from the Anglo-French word \\\"carogne\\\" (an insult), itself deriving from the Old North French \\\"charogne\\\", \\\"caroigne\\\", meaning a disagreeable woman (literally meaning \\\"carrion\\\"). Prior to the entrance of the word into English, the surname Hopcrone is recorded (around 1323–1324). In Joseph Campbell's classic work \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", the first encounter of the hero on his journey is with a protective figure who provides him with amulets or magic devices against the dangers he will face. The crone is one of the most common of these protective figures. The child of destiny has to face a\",\n \"title\": \"Crone\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19364038\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Whatsonstage.com\\\" called it \\\"a bold dance piece\\\". A Thousand Faces (play) A Thousand Faces is a concert dance play by British dancer Amina Khayyam. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" is a story of women who are discriminately attacked because of their gender, often caught up within cultural expectations. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" explores what independence has meant for Bangladeshi women – and if 'freedom' is a notion that they can identify with using dance, costume and puppetry. The dance piece that uses Kathak's intricate and detailed theatrical movements of abhinaya. The production aims to raise awareness of acid violence. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" premiered\",\n \"title\": \"A Thousand Faces (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19364037\",\n \"text\": \"A Thousand Faces (play) A Thousand Faces is a concert dance play by British dancer Amina Khayyam. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" is a story of women who are discriminately attacked because of their gender, often caught up within cultural expectations. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" explores what independence has meant for Bangladeshi women – and if 'freedom' is a notion that they can identify with using dance, costume and puppetry. The dance piece that uses Kathak's intricate and detailed theatrical movements of abhinaya. The production aims to raise awareness of acid violence. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" premiered mac in Birmingham on 27 November 2015.\",\n \"title\": \"A Thousand Faces (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7590227\",\n \"text\": \"enters a new environment, adapts to that environment, achieves their goal but encounters problems as a result, leaves that world and changes as a result. The steps are as follows: Joseph Campbell's structure of the Monomyth is the main influence in Harmon's technique. In a blog post detailing the second sector of the circle Harmon explains, \\\"The point of this part of the circle is, our protagonist has been thrown into the water and now it's sink or swim. In \\\"Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", Campbell actually evokes the image of a digestive tract, breaking the hero down, divesting him\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Harmon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024187\",\n \"text\": \"seem to follow the outline of Campbell's monomyth, there is some variance in the inclusion and sequence of some of the stages. Still, there is an abundance of literature and folklore that follows the motif of the archetypal narrative, paralleling the more general steps of \\\"Departure\\\" (sometimes called \\\"Separation\\\"), \\\"Initiation\\\", and \\\"Return\\\". \\\"Departure\\\" deals with the hero venturing forth on the quest, including the \\\"call to adventure. \\\"Initiation\\\" refers to the hero's adventures that will test him along the way. The last part of the monomyth is the \\\"Return\\\", which follows the hero's journey home. Campbell studied mythological and literary\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7949733\",\n \"text\": \"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake is a 1944 work of literary criticism by mythologist Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson. The first major text to provide an in-depth analysis of \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\" (James Joyce's final novel), \\\"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake\\\" is considered by many scholars to be a seminal work on the text. The term \\\"monomyth\\\", which Campbell used to describe his journey of the hero in his book, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", came from \\\"Finnegans Wake.\\\" Campbell and Robinson began their analysis of Joyce's work for two reasons:\",\n \"title\": \"A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14265714\",\n \"text\": \"video for the song premiered on Yahoo! Music. Joe Budden has also sampled this song for his mixtape \\\"\\\" on a song called \\\"1000 Faces.\\\" A Thousand Faces \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" is the third single from the rock band Creed's fourth album \\\"Full Circle\\\". It is the third track on the album. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" was released as a single on March 29, 2010. It had, however, garnered radio airplay several weeks before its release. The song was performed by the band during their 2009 reunion tour and appears on their live DVD \\\"Creed Live\\\". The song is recognized by\",\n \"title\": \"A Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12257786\",\n \"text\": \"Hamill was honored with the Saturn Award for Best Actor given by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. Hamill reprised the role of Luke Skywalker for the radio dramatizations of both \\\"Star Wars\\\" and \\\"The Empire Strikes Back\\\". For the \\\"Return of the Jedi\\\" radio drama, the role was played by a different actor. Editions of Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" (which influenced Lucas as he was developing the films) issued after the release of \\\"Star Wars\\\" in 1977 used the image of Hamill as Luke Skywalker on the cover. Hamill returned to the\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Hamill\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13177568\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Atlas\\\" and supervising its posthumous publication. With JCF publishing director David Kudler, he continues to oversee the publication of Campbell's \\\"oeuvre\\\", including the video series Joseph Campbell's Mythos and the other works in the \\\"Collected Works of Joseph Campbell\\\" series, including the 2008 edition of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces.\\\" Prior to his work in publishing, Walter was a founding faculty fellow at the California Institute of the Arts; lectured widely on experiential education; and pursued a professional theater career, working for a decade as a director, production manager, and playwright. Bob was a founding trustee of United Religions\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Walter (editor)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8126396\",\n \"text\": \"plus other methods. Bud Westmore's recreations of the original makeups are clearly partial masks which resemble the originals. Cagney's face in some scenes is fairly immobile, such as the scene where he speaks to Creighton while wearing his \\\"Hunchback of Notre Dame\\\" makeup, and when he speaks to the actress at the conclusion of the unmasking scene in \\\"The Phantom of the Opera.\\\" Man of a Thousand Faces (film) Man of a Thousand Faces is a 1957 film detailing the life of silent movie actor Lon Chaney, in which the title role is played by James Cagney. Directed by Joseph\",\n \"title\": \"Man of a Thousand Faces (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2020257\",\n \"text\": \"was his work. In the course of the novel Giles carries out all the tasks prescribed by Joseph Campbell in \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". Barth kept a list of the tasks taped to his wall while he was writing the book. The short story collection \\\"Lost in the Funhouse\\\" (1968) and the novella collection \\\"Chimera\\\" (1972) are even more metafictional than their two predecessors, foregrounding the writing process and presenting achievements such as a seven-deep nested quotation. \\\"Chimera\\\" shared the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. In the novel \\\"LETTERS\\\" (1979), Barth interacts with characters from his first\",\n \"title\": \"John Barth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217312\",\n \"text\": \"clear that, whether accurate or not as to biographical detail, the moving legend of the Crucified and Risen Christ was fit to bring a new warmth, immediacy, and humanity, to the old motifs of the beloved Tammuz, Adonis, and Osiris cycles.\\\" At the time of his death, Campbell was in the midst of working upon a large-format, lavishly illustrated series entitled \\\"Historical Atlas of World Mythology\\\". This series was to build on Campbell's idea, first presented in \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", that myth evolves over time through four stages: Only the first volume was completed at the time\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"424505\",\n \"text\": \"him at his home The Kilns near Oxford, just as the Pevensies stayed with The Professor in \\\"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\\\". Drew Trotter, president of the Center for Christian Study, noted that the producers of the film \\\"\\\" felt that the books' plots adhere to the archetypal \\\"monomyth\\\" pattern as detailed in Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". Lewis was widely read in medieval Celtic literature, an influence reflected throughout the books, and most strongly in \\\"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.\\\" The entire book imitates one of the immrama, a type of traditional Old\",\n \"title\": \"The Chronicles of Narnia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"840549\",\n \"text\": \"as described by Joseph Campbell in his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", was taken from a passage in \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". The work of Marshall McLuhan was inspired by James Joyce; his collage book \\\"War and Peace in the Global Village\\\" has numerous references to \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". The novel was also the source of the title of Clay Shirky's book \\\"Here Comes Everybody\\\". Esther Greenwood, Sylvia Plath's protagonist in \\\"The Bell Jar\\\", is writing her college thesis on the 'twin images' in \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\", although she never manages to finish either the book or her thesis. According to James\",\n \"title\": \"Finnegans Wake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"310417\",\n \"text\": \"is to find in your own case where the life is and become alive yourself.\\\" For Campbell, Jesus mortally suffered on the Cross while Prometheus eternally suffered while chained to a rock, and each of them received punishment for the gift which they bestowed to humankind, for Jesus this was the gift of propitiation from Heaven, and, for Prometheus this was the gift of fire from Olympus. Significantly, Campbell is also clear to indicate the limits of applying the metaphors of his methodology in his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" too closely in assessing the comparison of Prometheus\",\n \"title\": \"Prometheus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11416758\",\n \"text\": \"Antonin Artaud (author of \\\"Theater and its Double\\\") and by Julian Beck's \\\"Living Theater\\\". Other works relating to religion, mysticism, ancient myth and symbolism were of lasting interest, particularly Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". James Frazer's \\\"The Golden Bough\\\" also became a source of inspiration and is reflected in the title and lyrics of the song \\\"Not to Touch the Earth.\\\" Morrison was particularly attracted to the myths and religions of Native American cultures. While he was still at school, his family moved to New Mexico where he got to see some of the places and artifacts\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Morrison\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1910173\",\n \"text\": \"unhappy experience for me,\\\" said Miller. \\\"There was strong pressure to make a sequel, and I felt we could do a better job with a second movie.\\\" Inspired by Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" and the work of Carl Jung, Miller recruited Hayes to join the production as a scriptwriter. Brian Hannant also came on board as co-writer and second unit director. Miller says that he was greatly influenced by the films of Akira Kurosawa. Principal photography took place over the course of twelve weeks in the winter of 1981 near Broken Hill. Scenes were shot at\",\n \"title\": \"Mad Max 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17495398\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". Later, in the 1980s, two documentaries would introduce the phrase, \\\"The Hero's Journey\\\" into popular discourse. The first, released in 1987, \\\"The Hero's Journey: The World of Joseph Campbell\\\" was accompanied by a 1990 companion book, \\\"The Hero's Journey: Joseph Campbell on His Life and Work\\\". The second was Bill Moyers' series of seminal interviews with Campbell, released in 1988 as the documentary (and companion book) \\\"The Power of Myth\\\". The first part of the book describes eight major character archetypes in detail. Those are: The second part describes the twelve stages of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3608978\",\n \"text\": \"'Nothing retains its own form; but Nature, the greater renewer, ever makes up forms from forms. Be sure that nothing perishes in the whole universe; it does but vary and renew its form.' Thus the next moment is permitted to come to pass.\\\" The monomyth concept has been popular in American literary studies and writing guides since at least the 1970s. Christopher Vogler, a Hollywood film producer and writer, created a 7-page company memo, \\\"A Practical Guide to The Hero With a Thousand Faces\\\", based on Campbell's work. Vogler's memo was later developed into the late 1990s book, \\\"\\\". George\",\n \"title\": \"Hero's journey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14265713\",\n \"text\": \"A Thousand Faces \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" is the third single from the rock band Creed's fourth album \\\"Full Circle\\\". It is the third track on the album. \\\"A Thousand Faces\\\" was released as a single on March 29, 2010. It had, however, garnered radio airplay several weeks before its release. The song was performed by the band during their 2009 reunion tour and appears on their live DVD \\\"Creed Live\\\". The song is recognized by its chorus, which features a dual-lead vocal performance by vocalist Scott Stapp and lead guitarist Mark Tremonti, a first since \\\"My Own Prison.\\\" A music\",\n \"title\": \"A Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5507228\",\n \"text\": \"lurid, purple-prosed adventure stories under a thin science fiction-veneer. Spinrad was intent on demonstrating just how close Joseph Campbell's hero with a thousand faces and much science fiction and fantasy literature can be to the racist ideology of Nazi Germany. The nested narrative is followed by a faux scholarly analysis by a fictional literary critic, Homer Whipple, of New York University, which is said to have been written in 1959. Spinrad has said that the original version of the novel was 70,000 words long, but that his editor requested he add an extra 10,000 words \\\"to justify the advance and\",\n \"title\": \"The Iron Dream\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"310415\",\n \"text\": \"imagination. It is recognizable from a Greek gem roughly dated to the time of the Hesiod poems, which show Prometheus with hands bound behind his body and crouching before a bird with long wings. This same image would also be used later in the Rome of the Augustan age as documented by Furtwangler. In the often cited and highly publicized interview between Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers on Public Television, the author of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" presented his view on the comparison of Prometheus and Jesus. Moyers asked Campbell the question in the following words, \\\"In this\",\n \"title\": \"Prometheus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13047427\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"New York Times\\\" bestseller for 100 weeks), \\\"The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success\\\" by Deepak Chopra, \\\"Way of the Peaceful Warrior\\\" by Dan Millman (through its H J Kramer imprint) and the \\\"Collected Works of Joseph Campbell\\\" series, including the acclaimed 2008 edition of Campbell's classic \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". In 2014, the company partnered with Eckhart Tolle to create Eckhart Tolle Editions, an imprint consisting of books identified by Tolle. In 2015, the imprint released as its first titles \\\"The Calm Center\\\" by Steve Taylor and \\\"Parenting with Presence\\\" by Susan Stiffelman. New World Library New World\",\n \"title\": \"New World Library\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1387977\",\n \"text\": \"virtual world. Noon also credits Joseph Campbell's book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" for inspiring the narrative structure of \\\"Vurt\\\". The character of Desdemona is based on the character of the same name from William Shakespeare's play \\\"Othello\\\". The Curious Yellow feather is a possible allusion to the 1967 Swedish film \\\"I Am Curious (Yellow)\\\", which uses non-linear narrative structures and postmodern techniques like the novel. It might also be a reference to computer worms (the Vurt is riddled with virtual reality serpents which propagate from game to game, like computer worms replicate themselves by hijacking computer programs). \\\"Vurt\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Vurt\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6797617\",\n \"text\": \"credits his perennial teaching of certain novels to high school students with teaching him about \\\"the scaffolding\\\" of longer stories. Among these, Lamb lists Harper Lee's \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\", Mark Twain's \\\"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\\\", and J.D. Salinger's \\\"The Catcher in the Rye\\\". He says Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" and other anthropological analyses of the commonalities of ancient myths from diverse world cultures helped him to figure out the ways in which stories, ancient and modern, can illuminate the human condition. Lamb has also stated that he is influenced by pop culture and artists\",\n \"title\": \"Wally Lamb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16580291\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander (1895–1990) – Premier doll maker of the 20th century · Robert Allen (1928–2000) – Music Composer; \\\"There's no Place Like Home for the Holidays\\\" · Jerry Bock (1928–2010) – Musical theater composer; \\\"Fiddler on the Roof\\\" · Theresa Brewer (1932–2007) – Singer and entertainer · Nell Brinkley (1886–1944) – Illustrator, cartoonist; the \\\"Queen of Comics\\\" · Joseph Campbell (1904–1987) – Writer, mythologist; \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" · Irene Castle (1893–1969) – Dancer and trend-setter (with Vernon Castle) · Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947) – A leader of the women’s suffrage movement · J. Fred Coots (1897–1985) – Songwriter;\",\n \"title\": \"New Rochelle Walk of Fame\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17495399\",\n \"text\": \"Hero's journey. The stages are: The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers is a popular screenwriting textbook by writer Christopher Vogler, focusing on the theory that most stories can be boiled down to a series of narrative structures and character archetypes, described through mythological allegory. Vogler based this work upon the writings of mythologist Joseph Campbell, particularly \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", and holds that all successful films innately adhere to its principles. The book was very well received upon its release, and is often featured in recommended reading lists for student\",\n \"title\": \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17495396\",\n \"text\": \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers is a popular screenwriting textbook by writer Christopher Vogler, focusing on the theory that most stories can be boiled down to a series of narrative structures and character archetypes, described through mythological allegory. Vogler based this work upon the writings of mythologist Joseph Campbell, particularly \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", and holds that all successful films innately adhere to its principles. The book was very well received upon its release, and is often featured in recommended reading lists for student screenwriters. The book stems from\",\n \"title\": \"The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"613029\",\n \"text\": \"his work on \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", which heavily influenced Lucas' writing of the original \\\"Star Wars\\\" trilogy's outline. Japanese films such as Akira Kurosawa's \\\"The Hidden Fortress\\\" influenced the original \\\"Star Wars\\\" film; scholars say that \\\"The Phantom Menace\\\" was likewise influenced by Korean and Japanese culture. Film historians Geoff King and Tanya Krzywinska write, \\\"The costume and make-up designs ... favour a mixture of the gothic and the oriental [sic] over anything very futuristic. The gothic is most strongly apparent in Darth Maul's demonic horns and the red and black make-up mask that borrows from the\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4869744\",\n \"text\": \"attackers. When he faces Mantis, Infinity Man shows his manipulation powers again by changing the atomic structure of the ice he was trapped inside. In the same issue, he survives being touched with anti-matter and finally defeats Mantis with Infinity-beams, which effectively removes the energy from Mantis. In one issue of Young Justice, the hero known as Impulse took part in the Forever People's summoning, resulting in the manifestation of a somewhat immature and hyperactive version of the Infinity Man, who displayed super-speed. Infinity-Man Infinity-Man is a fictional character published by DC Comics. Infinity-Man first appeared in \\\"Forever People\\\" #1\",\n \"title\": \"Infinity-Man\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"135879\",\n \"text\": \"Jung, particularly by the concepts of the anima and the shadow. From the mid-1960s onwards, he began incorporating elements of Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". These concepts are often openly mentioned in his stories, especially the anima, which becomes a method of exploring his fascination with, but estrangement from, the female. Leiber liked cats, which feature prominently in many of his stories. Tigerishka, for example, is a cat-like alien who is sexually attractive to the human protagonist yet repelled by human customs in the novel \\\"The Wanderer\\\". Leiber's \\\"Gummitch\\\" stories feature a kitten with an I.Q. of\",\n \"title\": \"Fritz Leiber\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2815265\",\n \"text\": \"a poor woman goes on adventures and in the end makes a fortune for herself, or a lonely man falls in love and marries. Another form of storytelling that offers a change or transformation of character is that of \\\"hero's journey,\\\" as laid out in Joseph Campbell's theory of the monomyth in his work, \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". Christopher Vogler's \\\"\\\" details the same theory specifically for western storytelling. Story arcs in contemporary drama often follow the pattern of bringing a character to a low point, removing the structures the character depends upon, and then forcing the character\",\n \"title\": \"Story arc\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20237236\",\n \"text\": \"Rhys Davids said that the Jātakas are “collectively the greatest epic, in literature, of the Ascent of Man”. Joseph Campbell discussed the life of the Buddha extensively in his \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", relying on the later Buddha legends. However, modern examination of Buddhist mythology is rare, and critics have argued that the emphasis on rationality in Buddhist modernism has obscured the role of mythology in Buddhist communities both past and present. As noted by scholars such as Thomas Rhys Davids, the earliest texts of Buddhism (such as the Nikāyas and Āgamas) do not present a single coherent\",\n \"title\": \"Buddhist mythology\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9210692\",\n \"text\": \"third, fourth, and fifth volumes have already appeared, with Frank Schildiner's take on the hero as the cover tale. Stephen Payne wrote a fourth new \\\"Secret Agent X\\\" novel, \\\"The Resurrection Ring,\\\" which revealed new facts about the origin of the Man of a Thousand Faces. It also starred some old friends and even an old enemy who had not been featured since the 1930s. Altus Press released it in Summer 2014, at Pulpfest. More recently, Payne has completed his fifth novel of the Secret Agent, \\\"League of the Seventh Son\\\". Set in New Orleans in 1932, it will showcase\",\n \"title\": \"Secret Agent X\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13178878\",\n \"text\": \"David Kudler David Kudler (born in 1962) is an American editor and author. He is best known for editing several posthumous editions of the books by Joseph Campbell, including \\\"Pathways to Bliss\\\" and the 2008 edition of \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". He has served as the publishing director for the Joseph Campbell Foundation since 1999. While there, he has been the managing editor of the \\\"Collected Works of Joseph Campbell\\\" series. In 2012, he started Stillpoint Digital Press, producing print, ebook and audiobook editions. He serves as a blogger for \\\"Huffington Post\\\", writing mostly about books and publishing.\",\n \"title\": \"David Kudler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18266601\",\n \"text\": \"catalyzed states of consciousness to the birth process. Drawing on literature as diverse as Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" and Otto Rank's \\\"Das Trauma der Geburt\\\", as well as the works of child psychologist Alice Miller, particularly her ideas about \\\"poisonous pedagogy\\\", and Stanley Milgram's research into the nature of authority and obedience, Waterman posits that \\\"all\\\" human experience, including religious and mystical states, can be traced back to the earliest stages of biological, cognitive and social development. He then goes on to posit a relationship between early cognitive and psychological development and culture in the production\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Waterman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70048\",\n \"text\": \"attacked the idea that stories should follow the \\\"archetypes\\\" popular since the time of Ancient Greece, and the assumption that these would somehow be the same ones that would call to modern readers, as Joseph Campbell argued in \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". Instead, Ballard wanted to write a new myth for the modern reader, a style with \\\"more psycho-literary ideas, more meta-biological and meta-chemical concepts, private time systems, synthetic psychologies and space-times, more of the sombre half-worlds one glimpses in the paintings of schizophrenics.\\\" This had a profound influence on a new generation of writers, some of whom\",\n \"title\": \"Cyberpunk\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19260873\",\n \"text\": \"cultural objects can also provide religious and spiritual experiences, like \\\"Journey\\\" (2012). Developer Jenova Chen said that \\\"I feel that \\\"Journey\\\" is a very spiritual game. People from around the world ask me if the game has a religious connection. Many religions share an affinity with \\\"Journey\\\"—this is because many religions partly share a common structure\\\". Chen said \\\"Journey\\\" is based upon Joseph Campbell's book on comparative mythology \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" and the \\\"Hero's Journey\\\" narrative structure. After the death of Leonard Nimoy, \\\"Star Trek Online\\\" added two statues in his honor, and \\\"World of Warcraft\\\" added\",\n \"title\": \"Religion and video games\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15613985\",\n \"text\": \"Alone\\\", the third novel in his series of Titus books, following \\\"Titus Groan\\\" (1946), and \\\"Gormenghast\\\" (1950), only with difficulty. When published in 1959 \\\"Titus Alone\\\" was less polished than he might have wished, but he was beyond correcting it. He had always planned a longer series, taking his hero up to his forties at least. On his death from Parkinson's disease in November 1968, Peake left a few pages of notes for a fourth book, of which fewer than a thousand words are legible. During the 1970s, Gilmore worked on the fourth Titus book herself, inspired partly by the\",\n \"title\": \"Maeve Gilmore\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9677112\",\n \"text\": \"must do so anyway to save the world. Their original plan was to leave town once Aya kicked her story. However, Lai is seen at the Thousand Faces Party as a recruit to the Extras, and when Aya asks where the others are, Lai replies, \\\"Probably all watching this party on their wallscreens.\\\" Their last trick was to have the cake explode at the Thousand Faces Party as soon as it is cut. It is unsure whether this was accomplished as the book ended before this could happen. Scott Westerfeld has stated that Lai's original name is Ai, using variations\",\n \"title\": \"Extras (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"217296\",\n \"text\": \"the late 1990s called \\\"Star Wars: The Magic of Myth\\\", which discussed the ways in which Campbell's work shaped the \\\"Star Wars\\\" films. Many filmmakers of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have acknowledged the influence of Campbell's work on their own craft. Christopher Vogler, a Hollywood screenwriter, created a seven-page company memo based on Campbell's work, \\\"A Practical Guide to The Hero With a Thousand Faces\\\", which led to the development of Disney's 1994 film \\\"The Lion King\\\". Among films that many viewers have recognized as closely following the pattern of the monomyth are \\\"The Matrix\\\" series, the\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2024188\",\n \"text\": \"classics including the stories of Osiris, Prometheus, the Buddha, Moses, Mohammed, and Jesus. Campbell's book cites the similarities of the stories, and references them as he breaks down the structure of the monomyth. The book includes a discussion of \\\"the hero's journey\\\" by using the Freudian concepts popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Campbell's theory incorporates a mixture of Jungian archetypes, unconscious forces, and Arnold van Gennep's structuring of rites of passage rituals to provide some illumination. \\\"The hero's journey\\\" continues to influence artists and intellectuals in contemporary arts and culture, suggesting a basic usefulness for Campbell's insights beyond mid-20th\",\n \"title\": \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14569854\",\n \"text\": \"process of therapy\\\" '. Later practitioners would more cautiously observe that '\\\"script cure\\\"...is seldom a once-for-all event. Much more often, cure is a matter of progressively learning to exercise new choices'. Drawing on the work of Freud, Jung, and Joseph Campbell, in \\\"The Hero With A Thousand Faces\\\", Berne argued that fairy-tales, legends, mythology and drama were the early tools for mankind 'to distill out and record the more homely and recognizable patterns of human living' - and that they still provide keys to the framework of the contemporary life script. Berne made 'script analysis...a central theme of his last\",\n \"title\": \"Script analysis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"630867\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"The Hidden Fortress\\\", and Joseph Campbell's \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\". \\\"Star Wars\\\" features many elements derived from \\\"Flash Gordon\\\", such as the conflict between rebels and Imperial Forces, the wipes between scenes, the fusion of futuristic technology and traditional mythology, and the famous opening crawl that begins each film. The film has also been compared to \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\". The influence of \\\"The Hidden Fortress\\\" can be seen in the relationship between C-3PO and R2-D2, which evolved from the two bickering peasants, Tahei and Matashichi, and a Japanese family crest seen in the earlier film is\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6747756\",\n \"text\": \"honour, the bounds of loyalty and man's relationship to nature, themes which would continue in Innes' later works. Like many of Innes' novels, the hero faces all sorts of obstacles, which he has to overcome, including a family tragedy. The psychological characterization of the hero gives the book an added interest. An adaptation of the book was broadcast in BBC radio 4's \\\"Saturday Night Theatre\\\" in 1974, with Martin Jarvis playing Peter Strode. The Strode Venturer The Strode Venturer is a thriller by British author Hammond Innes published in 1965. Geoffrey Bailey returns to London, leaving behind a career in\",\n \"title\": \"The Strode Venturer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2342899\",\n \"text\": \"also takes inspirations from pre-Roman Celtic folklore (Arthurian legends are post-Roman, set around the third century AD). Lucas has also said that chivalry, knighthood, paladinism and related institutions in feudal societies inspired some concepts in the \\\"Star Wars\\\" movies, most notably the Jedi Knights. The work of the mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\", directly influenced Lucas, and is what drove him to create the \\\"modern myth\\\" of \\\"Star Wars\\\". The natural flow of energy known as the Force is believed to have originated from the concept of \\\"qi/chi/ki\\\", \\\"the all-pervading vital energy of\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars sources and analogues\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":88,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"89"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when did the united states begin its revolution"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["April 1775"],"string":"[\n \"April 1775\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"739752","text":"by consent. They were highly sensitive to the issue of tyranny, which they saw manifested in the arrival in Boston of the British Army to punish the Bostonians. This heightened their sense of violated rights, leading to rage and demands for revenge. They had faith that God was on their side. The American Revolutionary War began at Concord and Lexington in April 1775 when the British tried to seize ammunition supplies and arrest the Patriot leaders. In terms of political values, the Americans were largely united on a concept called Republicanism, that rejected aristocracy and emphasized civic duty and a","title":"History of the United States"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"739752\",\n \"text\": \"by consent. They were highly sensitive to the issue of tyranny, which they saw manifested in the arrival in Boston of the British Army to punish the Bostonians. This heightened their sense of violated rights, leading to rage and demands for revenge. They had faith that God was on their side. The American Revolutionary War began at Concord and Lexington in April 1775 when the British tried to seize ammunition supplies and arrest the Patriot leaders. In terms of political values, the Americans were largely united on a concept called Republicanism, that rejected aristocracy and emphasized civic duty and a\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"13613756","text":"center of the district. At the same time, a Russian-American Company employee named Pyotr Baranov established a small trading base on the site of present-day Anadyr. Exploitation of the various minerals to be found in the district did not begin until the early 20th century, when the Russian North-Eastern Siberian Society, an American conglomerate, began to extract gold and ship it back to the United States, though this enterprise ceased in 1912. Due to the distance between Anadyrsky District and Moscow, news of the October Revolution took nearly a month to arrive and even when it did, Bolshevik politics did","title":"Anadyrsky District"},{"docid":"4669039","text":"Ville Ville () is the modern French word of Latin origin now meaning \"city\" or \"town\", but the first meaning in the Middle Ages was \"farm\" (from Gallo-Romance < Latin \"villa rustica\") and then \"village\". The derivative suffix \"-ville\" is commonly used in English in names of cities, towns and villages. According to toponymist George R. Stewart, the use of the suffix \"-ville\" for settlements in the United States did not begin until after the American Revolution. Previously, town-names did not usually use suffixes unless named after European towns in which case the name was borrowed wholly. When a suffix","title":"Ville"},{"docid":"4669032","text":"Ville Ville () is the modern French word of Latin origin now meaning \"city\" or \"town\", but the first meaning in the Middle Ages was \"farm\" (from Gallo-Romance < Latin \"villa rustica\") and then \"village\". The derivative suffix \"-ville\" is commonly used in English in names of cities, towns and villages. According to toponymist George R. Stewart, the use of the suffix \"-ville\" for settlements in the United States did not begin until after the American Revolution. Previously, town-names did not usually use suffixes unless named after European towns in which case the name was borrowed wholly. When a suffix","title":"Ville"},{"docid":"15261931","text":"Georgia Revolution FC Georgia Revolution FC is an American soccer club based in McDonough, Georgia, United States. The team competes in the Southeast Conference of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid. The Georgia Revolution FC was founded in 2010 to begin play in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid. The team was created to serve as the top level of the Rockdale Youth Soccer Association. The Revolution defeated Jacksonville United 2-1 in its first game on May 13, 2011. The Revolution qualified for the","title":"Georgia Revolution FC"},{"docid":"66076","text":"of arms to Batista during the revolution. On 5 June 1958, at the height of the revolution, he had written: \"The Americans are going to pay dearly for what they are doing. When the war is over, I'll start a much longer and bigger war of my own: the war I’m going to fight against them. That will be my true destiny\". (The United States had stopped supplies to Batista in March 1958, but left its Military Advisory Group in Cuba). Thus, Castro had no intention to bow to the United States. \"Even though he did not have a clear","title":"History of Cuba"},{"docid":"7490203","text":"authoritarian rule of white people over enslaved Africans, as well as its psychological effects on those Africans. United States and the Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution provoked mixed reactions in the United States when in 1804, after a 13-year campaign, Black Haitian soldiers, mainly led by Toussaint Louverture, overthrew the French colonial rule and declared Haiti an independent emancipated state. This led to uneasiness in the US, instilling fears of racial instability on its own soil and possible problems with foreign relations and trade between the two countries. US president Thomas Jefferson realized the revolution had the potential to cause","title":"United States and the Haitian Revolution"},{"docid":"205310","text":"to its source, then north to the 42nd parallel, which it followed to the Pacific Ocean. As the United States renounced all claims to the west and south of this boundary (Texas), so Spain surrendered any title she had to the Northwest (Oregon Country). Monroe was deeply sympathetic to the Latin American revolutionary movements against Spain. He was determined that the United States should never repeat the policies of the Washington administration during the French Revolution, when the nation had failed to demonstrate its sympathy for the aspirations of peoples seeking to establish republican governments. He did not envisage military","title":"James Monroe"},{"docid":"13117930","text":"in copper rolling began when, after the American Revolution, the American navy wanted to begin using this process of copper sheathing the nation’s ships. Benjamin Stoddert, a successful businessman and ardent Federalist, recognized the importance of a powerful Navy in preserving the economic and political independence of the new United States. Stoddert used his position as Secretary of the Navy to fund metalworkers such as Paul Revere in the hopes that American manufacturers might be able to develop copper rolling technology of their own and reduce America’s reliance on Britain for the majority of its copper products, especially for industrial","title":"Revere Copper Company"},{"docid":"13356615","text":"century, and its development up to the Islamic Revolution in 1978. HCLI will analyze the concept of childhood, educational ideas and the literature of each period under consideration. Also the broader socio-economic and cultural situations will be reviewed in light of historical developments. Sample text illustrations from the different periods will complete the discussions and provide a unique anthology. Some of the questions to be answered by the HCLI are as follows: When did Iranian society start considering children as different from adults; how have thinkers defined the child and its special needs; when did children’s literature begin; and in","title":"The History of Children’s Literature in Iran"},{"docid":"7490192","text":"United States and the Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution provoked mixed reactions in the United States when in 1804, after a 13-year campaign, Black Haitian soldiers, mainly led by Toussaint Louverture, overthrew the French colonial rule and declared Haiti an independent emancipated state. This led to uneasiness in the US, instilling fears of racial instability on its own soil and possible problems with foreign relations and trade between the two countries. US president Thomas Jefferson realized the revolution had the potential to cause an upheaval against slavery in the US not only by slaves, but by white abolitionists as well.","title":"United States and the Haitian Revolution"},{"docid":"18563606","text":"work now expected to begin on the overpasses in the summer 1952. They were to be finished in sumeer 1953. The New York Avenue Bridge itself did not win design approval until August 1952, when the United States Army Corps of Engineers gave its consent. Construction of the bridge would be handled by the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR). The long steel bridge was expected to cost $1 million to $1.5 million. The BPR said at that time that contracts would be awarded in October 1952, and work on the bridge was expected to begin in November and last 18","title":"New York Avenue Bridge (Anacostia River)"},{"docid":"6350939","text":"sophisticated export products (from textiles in the 1950s to automobiles and consumer electronics in the 1980s) and to pursue protectionist policies to limit foreign competition for domestic industries. After the end of the World War II, Japan's economy was in a shambles, with production in 1945 at 10% of prewar levels. Its international economic relations were almost completely disrupted. Initially, imports were limited to essential food and raw materials, mostly financed by economic assistance from the United States. Because of extreme domestic shortages, exports did not begin to recover until the Korean War (1950–53), when special procurement by United States","title":"Economic relations of Japan"},{"docid":"11290179","text":"gay men was after the sexual revolution in 2003, when \"Lawrence v Texas\" made it legal in all 50 states to have anal sex. After this, the porn industry never had to make stag films nor did they have to censor their material in states that had anti-sodomy laws. Indeed, in an age of sexual revolution and urban chaos many spontaneous acts of defiance occurred as homosexuals found creative ways to resist heteronormative social codes throughout the 1960s. Frank Kameny's Mattachine Society chapter, in Washington DC, campaigned openly for gay rights by confronting various federal agencies about their discriminatory policies","title":"Sexual revolution in 1960s United States"},{"docid":"12373072","text":"varies from state to state. Prior to the 1970s, divorcing spouses had to allege that the other spouse was guilty of a crime or sin like abandonment or adultery; when spouses simply could not get along, lawyers were forced to manufacture \"uncontested\" divorces. The no-fault divorce revolution began in 1969 in California; New York and South Dakota were the last states to begin allowing no-fault divorce. No-fault divorce on the grounds of \"irreconcilable differences\" is now available in all states. However, many states have recently required separation periods prior to a formal divorce decree. State law provides for child support","title":"Culture of the United States"},{"docid":"10350471","text":"agent of the United States Treasury Department. From early childhood, Sabine, in his own words, was \"revolution-mad.\" But, not until 1821, when he moved to Maine and was close enough to pursue his passion, did he realize the great resource available and the profound, for the times, insight that \"there was more than \"one\" side to the Revolution.\" Prior to this \"every 'Tory' was as bad as bad could be, every 'son of Liberty' as good as possible.\" During the 1840s, Sabine published the results of his research in the North American Review (the United States' first literary magazine). The","title":"Lorenzo Sabine"},{"docid":"14699066","text":"the existence of the Industrial Revolution. The section \"An 'Industrial Revolution'?\", in chapter 3. \"Trade and Manufacturing\", for example, is a detailed discussion of the contrasting viewpoints, mainly whether or not there was indeed an industrial 'revolution'; and Blanning concludes that: 'the changes in commerce and manufacturing do deserve their revolutionary status. The world was transformed by industrialization, it did begin in Great Britain and it did begin in this period.' Reception to the book was extremely favourable. In Britain, it was chosen as \"The Sunday Times\" history book of the year. \"The Spectator\" called it 'outstanding', although it did","title":"The Pursuit of Glory"},{"docid":"6140370","text":"instability in Mexico, but did not significantly slow United States investment. It did reduce economic development within Mexico, however, and the border regions reflected this. As the infrastructure of communities on the United States side continued to improve, the Mexican side began to fall behind in the construction and maintenance of important transportation networks and systems necessary to municipal development. Although the Mexican Revolution caused insecurity in Mexico itself, it also strained United States-Mexico relations. With the Mexican Revolution lasting for 10 years, ending in 1920, and World War I simultaneously occurring between 1914 and 1918, the division between the","title":"Mexico–United States border"},{"docid":"19801146","text":"world-at-large was to welcome them as they emerged from customs at the airport\" (where they were greeted with a \"U-S-A!\" chant as they emerged from the plane). It was argued that the presence of the U.S. and other newcomers was a sign that the sport of kabaddi was experiencing \"[a] revolution from dusty provincial pastime to international media spectacle\", and could begin to develop a following in the United States. The \"Hindustan Times\" felt that the U.S. team were a \"quirk\" of the tournament, \"even by its regular standards considering pharmacists and engineers are competing against monks and fishermen\", but","title":"United States national kabaddi team"},{"docid":"10229423","text":"México: tan lejos de Dios y tan cerca de los Estados Unidos\") is attributed to him. Díaz had ousted president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada in the Revolution of Tuxtepec (1876). The U.S. did not recognize the Díaz government until 1878, when Rutherford B. Hayes was president. Given that France had invaded Mexico in 1862, Mexico did not initially restore diplomatic relations with it or other European powers, but did pursue a \"special relationship\" with the United States. One issue causing tension between Mexico and the U.S. were indigenous groups whose traditional territories straddled what was now an international boundary, most","title":"Mexico–United States relations"},{"docid":"1446127","text":"but Bonifacio was definitely a threat to the Cavite leaders who wanted control of the Revolution, so he was eliminated. Constantino contrasts Bonifacio who had no record of compromise with the Spanish with the Cavite leaders who did compromise, resulting in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato whereas the revolution was officially halted and its leaders exiled, though many Filipinos continued to fight especially \"Katipunan\" leaders used to be close to Bonifacio (Aguinaldo eventually, unofficially allied with the United States, did return to take charge of the revolution during the Spanish–American War). Historians have also discussed the motives of the Cavite government","title":"Andrés Bonifacio"},{"docid":"17011330","text":"1966 gubernatorial race revealed ongoing abuses—\"e.g.\", use of wire pliers on inmates' genitals, stabbings, use of nut crackers to break inmates knuckles, trampling of inmates with horses, and charging inmates for hospital time after beatings. When the chairman of the Arkansas legislature's prison committee was asked about the allegations, however, he replied, \"Arkansas has the best prison system in the United States.\" Only later, after a federal court intervened, did reforms begin at the Arkansas prison camps. History of United States prison systems Imprisonment as a form of criminal punishment only became widespread in the United States just before the","title":"History of United States prison systems"},{"docid":"10118417","text":"commemorating the 150th anniversary of the event. In 1850, INA bought a property at 232 Walnut Street in Philadelphia to begin the tenure of its longest-serving home office site. Though it demolished and rebuilt the office twice (1851; 1880–1881), INA operated from 232 Walnut Street as its headquarters until 1925, and kept the location as its local Philadelphia office until 1942. Despite the Civil War, INA's agents grew from 40 to 1,300 between 1860 and 1876. INA appointed its first agents outside of the United States in 1873, when it did so in Canada. In 1897, it appointed the Yang-Tsze","title":"Insurance Company of North America"},{"docid":"434519","text":"its original purpose in announcing the independence of the United States. Early celebrations of Independence Day largely ignored the Declaration, as did early histories of the Revolution. The \"act\" of declaring independence was considered important, whereas the \"text\" announcing that act attracted little attention. The Declaration was rarely mentioned during the debates about the United States Constitution, and its language was not incorporated into that document. George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights was more influential, and its language was echoed in state constitutions and state bills of rights more often than Jefferson's words. \"In none of these","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"211044","text":"about revolution in Colombia, Conrad opened a fresh section of \"Nostromo\" with hints of dissent in Costaguana\", his fictional South American country. He plotted a revolution in the Costaguanan fictional port of Sulaco that mirrored the real-life secessionist movement brewing in Panama. When Conrad finished the novel on 1 September 1904, writes Jasanoff, \"he left Sulaco in the condition of Panama. As Panama had gotten its independence instantly recognized by the United States and its economy bolstered by American investment in the canal, so Sulaco had \"its\" independence instantly recognized by the United States, and its economy underwritten by investment","title":"Joseph Conrad"},{"docid":"7008005","text":"sunshine pop, a style noted for its influence of psychedelia with rich harmony vocals and lush orchestrations. Due to the album's complex recordings and long studio time, it became the most expensive studio album recorded by 1968. The album received critical acclaim on its release but did not sell well failing to chart in the United States and the United Kingdom leading the group to abandon a follow-up album which they had already recorded songs for. As pop music of the 1960s was re-evaluated by newer generation of critics, \"Begin\" continued to receive positive reviews after the album was re-issued","title":"Begin (The Millennium album)"},{"docid":"11685596","text":"how to respond to the townhouse blast. After several days, the group concluded that Jacobs and Robbins had committed \"the military error\" by advocating armed revolution. As leader of the group, Dohrn had the power to expel Jacobs. She did so, and Jacobs left quietly. He never participated in radical activities again. The Weatherman organization did not, however, immediately announce its decision. As early as May 21, 1970, it issued a communiqué announcing its continuing support for armed revolution in the United States. Several more communiqués followed throughout the year, as more Weatherman-sponsored bombings occurred across the country. It was","title":"John Jacobs (activist)"},{"docid":"10656156","text":"his integrity was called into question by the president, Wilson resigned late on the afternoon of March 27. The resignation was made public three days later. Most press reports interpreted the resignation as a sign that Truman was capitulating to union demands. Truman named John R. Steelman, Assistant to the President of the United States (a post which would later become White House Chief of Staff), acting director. Steelman urged the employers and the union to begin negotiations again. The steel companies agreed to begin talks on March 30, but put them off until April 3. When talks did begin,","title":"1952 steel strike"},{"docid":"12924866","text":"the Cato Institute, \"Without the active support of the government in Islamabad, it is doubtful whether the Taliban could ever have come to power in Afghanistan. Pakistani authorities helped fund the militia and equip it with military hardware during the mid-1990s when the Taliban was merely one of several competing factions in Afghanistan’s civil war. Only when the United States exerted enormous diplomatic pressure after the Sept. 11 attacks did Islamabad begin to sever its political and financial ties with the Taliban. Even now it is not certain that key members of Pakistan’s intelligence service have repudiated their Taliban clients.","title":"Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism"},{"docid":"12229703","text":"Prussia joined the League of Armed Neutrality, and Frederick II of Prussia was well appreciated in the United States for his support early in the war. He expressed interest in opening trade with the United States and bypassing English ports, and allowed an American agent to buy arms in Prussia. Frederick predicted American success, and promised to recognize the United States and American diplomats once France did the same. Prussia also interfered in the recruiting efforts of Russia and neighboring German states when they raised armies to send to the Americas, and Frederick II forbade enlistment for the American war","title":"Germans in the American Revolution"},{"docid":"739834","text":"Herbert Hoover. In the 1920s the U.S. grew steadily in stature as an economic and military world power. The United States Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles imposed by its Allies on the defeated Central Powers; instead, the United States chose to pursue unilateralism. The aftershock of Russia's October Revolution resulted in real fears of Communism in the United States, leading to a Red Scare and the deportation of aliens considered subversive. While public health facilities grew rapidly in the Progressive Era, and hospitals and medical schools were modernized, the nation in 1918 lost 675,000 lives to the","title":"History of the United States"},{"docid":"910134","text":"follows: Manifest destiny played an important role in the expansion of Texas and American relationship with Mexico. In 1836, the Republic of Texas declared independence from Mexico and, after the Texas Revolution, sought to join the United States as a new state. This was an idealized process of expansion that had been advocated from Jefferson to O'Sullivan: newly democratic and independent states would request entry into the United States, rather than the United States extending its government over people who did not want it. The annexation of Texas was attacked by anti-slavery spokesmen because it would add another slave state","title":"Manifest destiny"},{"docid":"9214847","text":"trade between the countries that had been united under the empire became more difficult. Stock bought a distillery in Božkov, where spirits shipped from Trieste could be bottled. Only in 1927 did Fernet Stock begin production, only to be hit by the Great Depression in 1929 and then seized by the Nazis as Jewish property in 1939, and ending up as national property by the end of the Second World War. Although Lionello Stock regained possession briefly in 1947, it was nationalized in 1948. Fernet Stock's popularity only increased through the 1960s and 70s, and following the Velvet Revolution, its","title":"Fernet Stock"},{"docid":"2272794","text":"label. The song's title was originally a popular slogan among the 1960s Black Power movements in the United States. Its lyrics either mention or allude to several television series, advertising slogans and icons of entertainment and news coverage that serve as examples of what \"the revolution will not\" be or do. The song is a response to the spoken word piece \"When the Revolution Comes\" by The Last Poets, from their eponymous debut, which opens with the line \"When the revolution comes some of us will probably catch it on TV\". The Revolution Will Not Be Televised \"The Revolution Will","title":"The Revolution Will Not Be Televised"},{"docid":"295161","text":"organized relief, began to expand its influence and assumed the leadership of the revolution. A popular uprising brought the FSLN to power in 1979. The United States had long been opposed to the socialist FSLN, and after the revolution the Carter administration moved quickly to support the Somocistas with financial and material aid. When Ronald Reagan took office, he augmented the direct support to an anti-Sandinista group, called the Contras, which included factions loyal to the former dictatorship. When Congress prohibited further funding to the Contras, Oliver North continued the funding through arms sales that were also prohibited by Congress.","title":"Nicaragua v. United States"},{"docid":"11228082","text":"while Spain surrendered its claim to Oregon Country. Spanish delay in relinquishing control of the Floridas led some congressmen to call for war, but Spain peacefully transferred control of the Floridas in February 1821. Monroe was deeply sympathetic to the Latin American revolutionary movements against Spain. He was determined that the United States should never repeat the policies of the Washington administration during the French Revolution, when the nation had failed to demonstrate its sympathy for the aspirations of peoples seeking to establish republican governments. He did not envisage military involvement but only the provision of moral support, as he","title":"Presidency of James Monroe"},{"docid":"6582249","text":"House or in the nearby Lafayette Park. The NWP continued to hold watchfires even as the war began, drawing criticism from the public and even other suffrage groups for being unpatriotic. Stanton and Anthony launched a sixteen-page weekly newspaper called \"The Revolution\" in 1868. It focused primarily on women's rights, especially suffrage, but it also covered politics, the labor movement and other topics. Its energetic and broad-ranging style gave it a lasting influence, but its debts mounted when it did not receive the funding they had expected, and they had to transfer the paper to other hands after only twenty-nine","title":"Women's suffrage in the United States"},{"docid":"3839486","text":"in worldwide theatrical release. The film also enjoyed commercial success in the United States; Universal Pictures paid $2 million to acquire the film's North American distribution rights and went on to gross $11.3 million in limited theatrical release, making it the second highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980. The film also did brisk video and DVD sales in the United States. During the French Revolution, Marquis d'Apcher writes his memoirs in his castle. He recounts to 1764, when a mysterious beast terrorized the province of Gévaudan. Grégoire de Fronsac, a knight and the royal naturalist of King","title":"Brotherhood of the Wolf"},{"docid":"7595002","text":"and revolutionary support from the Mexican people. His Plan of San Luis Potosí did spark revolutionary uprisings, particularly in Mexico's north. The U.S. stayed out of the unfolding events until March 6, 1911, when President William Howard Taft mobilized forces on the U.S.-Mexico border. \"In effect this was an intervention in Mexican politics, and to Mexicans it meant the United States had condemned Díaz. Although the United States appears to have pursued an inconsistent policy toward Mexico, in fact it was the pattern for the U.S. \"Every victorious faction between 1910 and 1919 enjoyed the sympathy, and in most cases","title":"United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution"},{"docid":"14940999","text":"the protesters were rarely convicted in court. The army continued to have a counter-revolutionary function, and as late as in November 1937 Laake approved the inclusion of mountain artillery in the units in Western Norway which were designated to deal with internal troubles. He did, however, refuse to allow air support to be used for possible internal security operations. Only in 1938 did the army begin to scale down its preparations to put down a revolution. The process of dismantling the anti-revolution preparations in the Norwegian Army began in 1936, and was founded to end the fears of the establishment","title":"Kristian Laake"},{"docid":"20871383","text":"of the Revolution to the assertion of individual conscience in Henry David Thoreau's \"Civil Disobedience\", has been an important plank of American political philosophy. The theory that there should be \"no taxation without representation,\" while it did not originate in America, is often associated with the American Revolution, in which that slogan did strong duty. It continues to be a rallying cry for tax rebellions today. American Henry David Thoreau's theory of civil disobedience has proven to be extremely influential, and its influence today is not limited to tax resistance stands and campaigns but to all manner of refusal to","title":"Tax resistance in the United States"},{"docid":"15801178","text":"The Promised Land (autobiography) The Promised Land is the 1912 autobiography of Mary Antin. It tells the story of her early life in what is now Belarus and her immigration to the United States in 1894. The book focuses on her attempts to assimilate into the culture of the United States. It received very positive reviews and sold more than 85,000 copies in the three decades after its release. The book's popularity allowed Antin to begin speaking publicly, a platform that she used to promote acceptance of immigration to the United States. It was criticized by anti-immigration activists, who did","title":"The Promised Land (autobiography)"},{"docid":"16233614","text":"restored in Maryland until the American Revolution, when Darnall's great-grandson Charles Carroll of Carrollton, arguably the wealthiest Catholic in Maryland, signed the American Declaration of Independence. The United States Constitution would guarantee freedom of worship for all Americans for the first time. Protestant Revolution (Maryland) The Protestant Revolution of 1689, sometimes called \"Coode's Rebellion\" after one of its leaders, John Coode, took place in the Province of Maryland when Puritans, by then a substantial majority in the colony, revolted against the proprietary government led by the Roman Catholic Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore. The rebellion followed the \"Glorious Revolution\" in","title":"Protestant Revolution (Maryland)"},{"docid":"13563014","text":"the film in its journal \"Cinema Fron\" (Kino-front) as \"one of the most successful pictures of Soviet production.\" The film's producer, the state-run studio Sovkino, offered the film for international distribution, but it was banned in Western Europe and the United States for its sexual content. However, through film societies and their associated private clubs, the film managed to be widely seen in the west. The film met with mixed reactions, for reasons having nothing to do with the quality of the film. In 1927, the Soviet government was preparing for the Cultural Revolution, which would begin the following year,","title":"Bed and Sofa"},{"docid":"2470805","text":"Ida Saxton McKinley Ida Saxton McKinley (June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907) was the First Lady of the United States from 1897 until 1901. Ida was born in Canton, Ohio, the elder daughter of James Saxton, prominent Canton banker, and Katherine DeWalt. Her grandfather, John Saxton, in 1815 founded \"The Repository\", the city's first and now its only newspaper. A graduate of Brook Hall Seminary, a finishing school in Media, Pennsylvania, Ida was refined, charming, and strikingly attractive when she met William \"Bill\" McKinley at a picnic in 1867. They did not begin courting until after she returned from","title":"Ida Saxton McKinley"},{"docid":"10592919","text":"also been praised. After the American Revolution, the United States immediately began juggling its foreign policy between many different views under the George Washington cabinet. Most notably, the rivalry between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton arose due to their opposing views on how the United States should align itself with Revolutionary France in its war against Great Britain in 1793. Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans, who viewed the French revolution as similar to the previous American revolution, believed the United States should declare war on Great Britain as an ally of France, citing the 1778 Franco-American alliance which was still technically","title":"Criticism of United States foreign policy"},{"docid":"13053699","text":"Trotsky hostility, and when it began. But a huge \"political\" divider became Stalin's idea of \"Socialism in one country\" vs Trotsky's \"Ever ongoing revolution\". Stalin's idea, was in the mid 1920's actually revolutionary in itself. The entire Bolshevik concept had been to begin at home, in Russia. And then \"export\" the revolution to the West. By 1925 it had become apparent that all revolutionary movements in Germany and elsewhere had failed. In Italy had even a counter socialistic movement, Fascism, come to power. From these perspectives did not that few Bolsheviks suddenly see Stalin's idea as sound when compared to","title":"Rise of Joseph Stalin"},{"docid":"4166617","text":"the United States and internationally. When they relocated to the U.S. in the late 1930s, it was hard to attract large audiences. The concerts in Washington and New York, the radio broadcasts and the many records gradually raised audience numbers, made them famous and wealthy, and set high performance standards for later quartet and other chamber groups to follow and even improve upon. Jascha Heifetz was once quoted as saying: \"One Russian is an anarchist. Two Russians are a chess game. Three Russians are a revolution. Four Russians are the Budapest String Quartet.\" The following listings begin with 1932; this","title":"Budapest String Quartet"},{"docid":"9059776","text":"The artist's more notable entrance into painting was in 1956, when he started his abstract-expressionist work, leaving the group \"Los Once\" to pursue more representational work, at which point he left behind any traces of the \"stereotypical\" aforementioned. The revolution had not influenced the work of Martínez until 1962 when the blockade between the United States and Cuba occurred. Even then, the influence of the revolution did not, yet, have a substantial effect on the body of work. Martínez simply began incorporating topical titles into his work (which becomes evident in his exhibition \"Expressionismo Abstracto\" in 1963). Abstraction soon became","title":"Raúl Martínez (artist)"},{"docid":"6825422","text":"had been ineligible for citizenship since the previous year. Also by 1924, all Asian immigrants (except people from the Philippines, which had been annexed by the United States in 1898) were utterly excluded by law, denied citizenship and naturalization, and prevented from owning land. In many Western states, Asian immigrants are even prevented from marrying Caucasians. Only since the 1940s when the United States and China became allies during World War II, did the situation for Chinese Americans begin to improve, as restrictions on entry into the country, naturalization and mixed marriage were lessened. In 1943, Chinese immigration to the","title":"History of Chinese Americans"},{"docid":"7132597","text":"to the US reached its first peak between 1749 and 1754 when approximately 37,000 Germans came to North America. Since 1848, about seven million Germans have emigrated to the United States. Many of these Germans settled in the cities of Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit and New York City. The failed German Revolutions of 1848 into 1849 (accompanied by similar upheavals that same pivotal year in other European states) accelerated emigration from Germany and the German Confederation. Those Germans who left as a result of the revolution were called the Forty-Eighters. Between the revolution and the start of World War I (1914–1918),","title":"Germany–United States relations"},{"docid":"3918155","text":"major grievance of southern slave owning states, leading up to the American Revolution in 1776. The 1790 United States Census recorded 694,280 slaves (17.8 per cent) of a total 3,893,635 population. After independence, the British Empire halted the Atlantic slave trade in 1807, and abolished slavery in its own territories, by paying off slave owners in 1833. In the US, northern states progressively abolished slavery. However, southern states did not. In \"Dred Scott v Sandford\" the Supreme Court held the federal government could not regulate slavery, and also that people who were slaves had no legal rights in court. The","title":"United States labor law"},{"docid":"10546268","text":"Canon law of the Episcopal Church in the United States Like the other autonomous member churches of the Anglican Communion, the Episcopal Church in the United States has its own system of canon law. Unlike the system of canon law in the Church of England, which continues to be drawn from the canon law of the Western church, English ecclesiastical law did not remain in force in the Episcopal Church after the American Revolution. There are two parallel systems of canon law within the church operating on a national level, governed by the General Convention, and on a diocesan level,","title":"Canon law of the Episcopal Church in the United States"},{"docid":"14518655","text":"The tension was partially defused with the Compromise of 1850, in which Texas ceded some of its territory to the federal government to become non-slave-owning areas but gained El Paso The Republic of Texas had formed in 1836, after breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the United States declined the offer. In 1844, James K. Polk was elected the United States president after promising to annex Texas. Before","title":"History of Texas (1845–1860)"},{"docid":"66071","text":"and imprisoning and executing opponents and dissident former supporters. As the revolution became more radical and continued its persecution of those who did not agree with its direction, hundreds of thousands of Cubans fled the island, eventually forming a large exile community in the United States. Cuban Americans today constitute a large percentage of the population of the U.S. state of Florida, and constitute a significant voting bloc. The new government of Cuba soon encountered opposition from militant groups and from the United States, which had supported Batista politically and economically. Fidel Castro quickly purged political opponents from the administration.","title":"History of Cuba"},{"docid":"3460129","text":"alleged French Illuminati. According to a conspiracy theory, they were responsible for the French Revolution and Americans feared its excesses. Official sources state that Morse and Robison's claims have been discredited. When presented with the conspiracy theory, President George Washington reportedly said: It is not my intention to doubt that the doctrine of the Illuminati and the principles of Jacobinism had not spread in the United States. On the contrary, no one is more satisfied of this fact than I am. The idea that I meant to convey, was, that I did not believe that the Lodges of Free Masons","title":"Jedidiah Morse"},{"docid":"20162543","text":"Democratic Party (United States) used such agrarian sentiments to dominate the country's politics in the first half of the 19th century, though they did not prevent the coming of the industrial revolution. They saw Europe and its industrial cities negatively. Jobs in the city attract migrants, creating poor workers and forming potential hotbeds of revolution. To avoid these ills and urban overcrowding, the Americans embraced the idea of life on the outskirts, within nature, for a better way of life, yet near the city in order to reach its economic resources. Paradoxically, the rural component of American identity then gave","title":"Anti-urbanism"},{"docid":"11215710","text":"Director, David Tate: \"\"This is WCGQ, Columbus, Georgia, 'The New 107-Q', where the Rock revolution starts NOW\"\". Then, Tate played the first musical selection ever broadcast on WCGQ, Revolution, recorded by the British pop band, The Beatles. Indeed, a Rock revolution did begin at WCGQ-FM that day. WCGQ trounced its direct competitor, WDAK-AM, in only 4 months. In the April/May, 1974 Arbitron ratings Radio Market Report for Columbus, GA, WCGQ became the leading FM popular music radio station in the Columbus, GA metropolitan area. 107-Q's earliest musical style was marked by a decidedly eclectic, \"left-of-center\", musical mixture, featuring playlists with","title":"WCGQ"},{"docid":"355148","text":"of its existence, Rhodesia did not receive official recognition from any state, although it did maintain diplomatic relations with South Africa, which was then under apartheid. South Africa did not recognise Rhodesia to preserve its fragile positions with other nations, but frequently assisted the Rhodesian state. Portugal maintained informal relations until the Carnation Revolution of 1974. The day following the declaration of independence, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution (S/RES/216) calling upon all states not to accord Rhodesia recognition, and to refrain from any assistance. The Security Council also imposed selective mandatory economic sanctions, which were later made","title":"Rhodesia"},{"docid":"9548813","text":"was required to secure permission to transport the electricity across Quebec territory. Quebec drove a hard bargain with Newfoundland, resulting in a 75-year deal that Newfoundlanders now believe to be unfair to the province because of the low and unchangeable rate that it receives for the electricity. Although the first geological studies were undertaken in 1892, iron mining did not begin until the 1950s. By 1990, the Quebec-Labrador area had become an important supplier of iron ore to the United States. When Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949, it relinquished jurisdiction over its fisheries to Ottawa; the Supreme Court ruled in","title":"History of Newfoundland and Labrador"},{"docid":"10536497","text":"likewise notes key differences. For example, while European syndicalists operate within mainstream unions, the IWW has always displayed an antagonism toward, and disdain for existing craft based trade unions in the United States. This has led the IWW to embrace the concept of dual unionism. When William Z. Foster offered the IWW an opportunity to begin a European syndicalist style program of \"boring from within\" the AFL, the IWW rejected it. Foner concludes, therefore, that the IWW did not inherit its philosophy of revolutionary industrial unionism from French Syndicalism. However, he does also note similarities. Foner believes that IWW members","title":"Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics"},{"docid":"11220893","text":"and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft from unspecified locations in the United States Air Forces Africa area of responsibility. The group was constituted as the 409th Bombardment Group (Light) on 1 June 1943, activated the same day at Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma and assigned the 640th, 641st, 642d and 643d Bombardment Squadrons flying Douglas A-20 Havocs. However, it did not receive manning until 20 June and it was 3 August before the group had sufficient manning or equipment to begin training. The group trained with its A-20s until 10 February 1944 when it moved to RAF Little Walden, England, arriving on 7","title":"409th Air Expeditionary Group"},{"docid":"2958452","text":"had left South Vietnam in the spring of 1973, the United States continued to maintain a military presence in other areas of Southeast Asia. Some senators criticized Schlesinger and questioned him sharply during his confirmation hearings in June 1973 after he stated that he would recommend resumption of U.S. bombing in North Vietnam and Laos if North Vietnam launched a major offensive against South Vietnam. However, when the North Vietnamese did begin an offensive early in 1975, the United States could do little to help the South Vietnamese, who collapsed completely as the North Vietnamese entered Saigon in late April.","title":"James R. Schlesinger"},{"docid":"18443428","text":"remaining loyal to the King, they chose King and Empire. About one in five Loyalists (70,000 or so) Loyalists left the new United States by 1783. Most went to Canada where they are still known as United Empire Loyalists. The patriots who fought in the Revolution did so in the name of preserving traditional rights of Englishmen—especially the right of \"no taxation without representation\"; they increasingly opposed attempts by Parliament to tax and control the fast-growing colonies. In 1773, when the British imposed heavy sanctions on the Massachusetts colony in the wake of the Boston Tea Party, self described patriots","title":"History of conservatism in the United States"},{"docid":"1919342","text":"declaration of war; Roosevelt did. Wilson waited for the declaration to begin a draft; Roosevelt started one in 1940. Wilson never made the United States an official ally but Roosevelt did. Wilson never met with the top Allied leaders but Roosevelt did. Wilson proclaimed independent policy, as seen in the 14 Points, while Roosevelt always had a collaborative policy with the Allies. In 1917, United States declared war on Germany; in 1941, Roosevelt waited until the enemy attacked at Pearl Harbor. Wilson refused to collaborate with the Republicans; Roosevelt named leading Republicans to head the War Department and the Navy","title":"History of the United States (1918–1945)"},{"docid":"7863736","text":"agrees to begin a massive propaganda campaign to force Win's United States (and the rest of the globe) toward a similar Gallatinist revolution. \"The Probability Broach\" won the 1982 Prometheus Award, which L. Neil Smith himself had created, and which is awarded by the Libertarian Futurist Society. The Probability Broach The Probability Broach is a 1979 novel by American science fiction writer L. Neil Smith. It is set in an alternate history, the so-called Gallatin Universe, where a libertarian society has formed on the North American continent, styled the North American Confederacy (\"NAC\"). This history was created when the Declaration","title":"The Probability Broach"},{"docid":"17319032","text":"to Farm to Market Road 102 (FM 102) at a point southeast of Glen Flora. To reach the county seat at Wharton, one must travel an additional east on FM 102. According to the United States Geological Survey, the precise location of Spanish Camp is at which is at the intersection of FM 1161 and Ustyrik Road, between Hatton and Coleman Roads. During the time when Stephen F. Austin and the Old Three Hundred were allowed to begin Anglo-American settlement, a community was established near the site. In 1836 during the Texas Revolution Santa Ana's Mexican army bivouacked near a","title":"Spanish Camp, Texas"},{"docid":"11583132","text":"world is now so vast and technology so adept at zero-cost duplication that no government, company or organisation can hope to keep control.\" She went on to say that, \"When I met Julian Assange of Wikileaks he was still a little-known figure but his stories of battles fought to free information and ambitions to free even more in future spurred me to begin writing this book.\" While working on \"The Revolution Will Be Digitised\" (2011), Heather Brooke received a copy of the documents from a disgruntled WikiLeaks volunteer consisting of the raw material of the United States diplomatic cables leak.","title":"Heather Brooke"},{"docid":"11228962","text":"then his presidency certainly seems far from a failure.\" But Small also states, \"Watergate did not begin when CREEP operatives broke into Democratic headquarters in 1972. It began when Nixon took office, armed with his private slush fund, prepared to do battle by fair means and foul against his enemies...no president before or after ordered or participated in so many serious illegal and extralegal acts that violated constitutional principles.\" Presidency of Richard Nixon The presidency of Richard Nixon began on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as the 37th President of the United States, and ended on August","title":"Presidency of Richard Nixon"},{"docid":"498699","text":"territory. The fledgling republic now attempted to persuade European nations to agree to recognition. In late 1839 France recognized the Republic of Texas after being convinced it would make a fine trading partner. For several decades, official British policy was to maintain strong ties with Mexico in the hopes that the country could stop the United States from expanding further. When the Texas Revolution erupted, Great Britain had declined to become involved, officially expressing confidence that Mexico could handle its own affairs. In 1840, after years in which the Republic of Texas was neither annexed by the United States nor","title":"Texas Revolution"},{"docid":"498698","text":"United States remained officially neutral, 40 percent of the men who enlisted in the Texian army from October 1 through April 21 arrived from the United States after hostilities began. More than 200 of the volunteers were members of the United States Army; none were punished when they returned to their posts. American individuals also provided supplies and money to the cause of Texian independence. For the next decade, Mexican politicians frequently denounced the United States for the involvement of its citizens. The United States agreed to recognize the Republic of Texas in March 1837 but declined to annex the","title":"Texas Revolution"},{"docid":"13504780","text":"receipt. The public qualitative feedback period will begin in February 2010. Every individual and entity is invited to participate in the event for recognition and awards. The website for additional information is: www.fvc.army.mil United States Army Simulation and Training Technology Center The United States Army Simulation and Training Technology Center (STTC) provide the United States Department of Defense and United States Department of Homeland Security with state-of-the-art applied research to develop simulation technologies, build on current simulation knowledge, and understand system of systems environments where human, agent, and teams are involved. The STTC traces its lineage to 1983 when the","title":"United States Army Simulation and Training Technology Center"},{"docid":"5544014","text":"an issue of \"Brain drain\" during the Pahlavi period, it was now predominantly an involuntary emigration of a relatively large number of middle- and upper-class families, including the movement of a considerable amount of wealth. During and after the revolution, most students did not return to Iran, and those who did were gradually purged from the newly established Islamic Republic. Many students who graduated abroad after the revolution also did not return, due to ruling clergy's repression. As a result, the educated elite who left Iran after the revolution, and the new graduates in the United States who chose not","title":"Iranian Americans"},{"docid":"196138","text":"Revolution, living standards for the majority of the population did not grow meaningfully until the late 19th and 20th centuries, and that in many ways workers' living standards declined under early capitalism: for instance, studies have shown that real wages in Britain only increased 15% between the 1780s and 1850s, and that life expectancy in Britain did not begin to dramatically increase until the 1870s. Similarly, the average height of the population declined during the Industrial Revolution, implying that their nutritional status was also decreasing. Real wages were not keeping up with the price of food. During the Industrial Revolution,","title":"Industrial Revolution"},{"docid":"2981944","text":"drastically over-estimated the coalition casualty count. This led many experts to assume that their models of war were wrong—that a revolution of sorts had occurred. After the Kosovo War, in which the United States did not lose a single life, others suggested that war had become too sterile, creating a \"virtual war\". Furthermore, the United States’ inability to capture Osama bin Laden or effectively combat the Iraqi insurgency led some to question RMA in the face of asymmetrical warfare, in which foes of the United States may increasingly engage in order to counter RMA’s advantages. In 1997, the U.S. Army","title":"Revolution in Military Affairs"},{"docid":"2762768","text":"no longer be rendered as just in operation and could only be remedied by alteration of the organic law.\" When the document was ultimately retired, it was the longest surviving constitutional charter in the world. It was so far-reaching that even the American Revolutionary War did not change its position, since both the revolution and the charter rested on the same foundation—the inherent right of self-government. With the royal charter ready to travel to New England, Clarke had to begin gathering funds to get himself back as well. Only a week after the king put his seal on the charter,","title":"John Clarke (Baptist minister)"},{"docid":"2981950","text":"transformed warfare, and, as a result, the question is not one of \"Does an RMA exist?\" but, rather, \"When did it begin, and what are its implications?\" Tied to this are surprisingly persistent questions about the use and value of air power, now more accurately seen as aerospace power. If nothing else, given the record of precision air power application, aerospace power advocates should not still have to spend as much time as they do arguing the merits of three-dimensional war and precision attack's value to it. Modern joint service aerospace forces offer the most responsive, flexible, lethal, and devastating","title":"Revolution in Military Affairs"},{"docid":"8257517","text":"the Daughters of the American Revolution. The front parlor is set to look as it did when Benjamin Harrison brought his new bride to the house. Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site The Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site, previously known as the Benjamin Harrison Home, was the home of the Twenty-third President of the United States, Benjamin Harrison. It is in the Old Northside Historic District of Indianapolis, Indiana. Harrison had the sixteen-room house with its red brick exterior built in the 1870s. It was from the front porch of the house that Harrison instituted his famous Front Porch Campaign in the 1888","title":"Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site"},{"docid":"7595016","text":"with its diplomatic and economic rivals in Mexico, particularly Great Britain and Germany, meant that foreign powers affected the way the Mexican situation played out. When U.S. agents discovered that the German merchant ship, the \"Ypiranga\", was carrying arms to Huerta's regime, President Wilson ordered troops to the port of Veracruz to stop the ship from docking. The U.S. did not declare war on Mexico city but the U.S. troops carried out a skirmish against Huerta's forces in Veracruz. The \"Ypiranga\" managed to dock at another port, which infuriated Wilson. On April 9, 1914, Mexican officials in the port of","title":"United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution"},{"docid":"6223075","text":"an emblem, with the slogan \"We need a New Revolution\". Jake Featherston, who considered Washington to have \"sold out the South to the damnyankees\" stopped that custom when he took over the party. Many Confederates did view Washington with some suspicion in the years after the Great War, but still thought of him as a Virginian first, and President of the United States second. Washington University in Lexington, Virginia, home of the Confederacy's effort to build a superbomb, retained its name, and the statue of Washington that stood in Richmond survived both Great Wars. As a northern abolitionist, Daniel Webster","title":"Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series"},{"docid":"2119980","text":"parents living in the Mormon colonies in Mexico; events during the Mexican Revolution forced his family to flee back to the United States when he was a child. The family lived in several states and ended up in Salt Lake City, Utah, where they struggled during the Great Depression. Romney worked in a number of jobs, served as a Mormon missionary in the United Kingdom, and attended several colleges in the U.S. but did not graduate from any of them. In 1939 he moved to Detroit and joined the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, where he served as the chief spokesman","title":"George W. Romney"},{"docid":"10016741","text":"also contained Gray's version of the Christmas classic, \"Winter Wonderland\". Sexual Revolution (song) \"Sexual Revolution\" is the second and final single from Macy Gray's second studio album, \"The Id\" (2001). In the United Kingdom, \"Sexual Revolution\" became Gray's first single since her debut, \"Do Something\", to miss the top forty. The single had limited success in the United States as well, missing both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It did manage to peak at number four, however, on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. \"Sexual Revolution\" was released on two CD formats in the UK and","title":"Sexual Revolution (song)"},{"docid":"10016740","text":"Sexual Revolution (song) \"Sexual Revolution\" is the second and final single from Macy Gray's second studio album, \"The Id\" (2001). In the United Kingdom, \"Sexual Revolution\" became Gray's first single since her debut, \"Do Something\", to miss the top forty. The single had limited success in the United States as well, missing both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It did manage to peak at number four, however, on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. \"Sexual Revolution\" was released on two CD formats in the UK and contained remixes by Fatboy Slim and Miguel Migs. The single","title":"Sexual Revolution (song)"},{"docid":"10630666","text":"it did operate some non-stop flights in the past), was applying for additional Detroit–China authority. Such application was denied in the past due to the limited number of new route authority but that now there is more leeway with more flights permitted by treaty. The DOT selected Detroit–Shanghai over Detroit–Beijing. The DOT noted that Delta was not awarded its route application because it would not have much experience in the Chinese market when the 2009 award was to start, given that it would only begin Atlanta–Shanghai service on March 30, 2008. The Atlanta–Shanghai Delta service was suspended on September 1,","title":"Air route authority between the United States and China"},{"docid":"3759795","text":"April 21, 2009, United States Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell cited \"Ali Abd al-Azeez Ali\" as an example of the kind of captive United States President Barack Obama might free in the United States when he closes the camp in January 2010, because he didn't know what else to do with him. In October 2011, in an operation called the \"baseline review,\" the prison seized all legal materials belonging to \"high-value detainees,\" starting with Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri. The prison also announced that it would change its previous policy and begin reviewing legal mail for its content. In response, the Chief","title":"Ammar al-Baluchi"},{"docid":"10362036","text":"centered on economic questions. Retaliation for unfair trade practices loomed on the horizon and threatened Brazilian exports of steel, orange juice, commuter aircraft, shoes and textiles. When President Sarney took office in 1985, political issues, such as Brazil's arms exports to Libya and Iran, again surfaced. Brazil's foreign debt moratorium and its refusal to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty caused the United States to put Brazil on its mandated blacklist, thereby restricting Brazil's access to certain U.S. technologies. On taking office in March, 1990 President Collor sought a quick reapproachment with the United States in order to begin an aggressive policy","title":"Brazil–United States relations"},{"docid":"8140294","text":"town mayors soon issued meeting permits. The success of the miners' strike led the AA to hold a strike referendum in August in which 98 percent of its members favored a general steelworker strike to begin September 21. The September strike shut down half the steel industry. But the owners quickly turned public opinion against the AFL. A Red Scare had swept the United States in the wake of the Russian revolution of October 1917. The steel companies took advantage of the change in the political climate, publishing articles exposing Foster's past as a Wobblie and syndicalist. The steel companies","title":"Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers"},{"docid":"4137244","text":"and firm we begin their defeat.\" Nevertheless, the after-effects of the First Red Scare were a major factor in the passage of the Immigration Act of 1924. First Red Scare The First Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events; real events included the Russian Revolution and anarchist bombings. At its height in 1919–1920, concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society and the alleged spread of communism and anarchism in the American labor movement fueled","title":"First Red Scare"},{"docid":"20734772","text":"were sworn in at Independence Hall in Philadelphia and convened their first organizing meeting to begin eight years of planning and organizing for the 250th national birthday celebration. Dilella estimated that the group would meet three or four times a year. The new commission consisted of 16 private citizens, including chairman DiLella; eight members of Congress and nine federal officials. The day before the meeting, the Daughters of the American Revolution, in partnership with the commission, held a tree-planting ceremony to introduce its “Pathway of the Patriots” along the Schuylkill River Trail. Project organizers expect to plant 250 new trees","title":"United States Semiquincentennial"},{"docid":"6659305","text":"United States men's national Australian rules football team The United States national Australian rules football team, nicknamed the Revolution, represents the United States of America in the sport of Australian rules football. The Revolution are named after the American Revolution (an event which gave the country separation from the British Empire) and wear the colors of the American flag. The team plays in international tournaments, including the Australian Football International Cup, as well as exhibition matches against other countries. The US national team has participated in every International Cup since its inception in 2002. The team's best result has been","title":"United States men's national Australian rules football team"},{"docid":"14344219","text":"assigned to the United States Third Army as part of the Occupation of the Rhineland in Germany. It returned to the United States in June 1919 and became part of the permanent United States Army Air Service in 1921, being re-designated as the 9th Squadron (Observation). The current United States Air Force unit which holds its lineage and history is the 9th Bomb Squadron, assigned to the 7th Operations Group, Dyess Air Force Base, Texas. The 9th Bomb Squadron origins begin on 30 May 1917, when Company E, Provisional Aviation School Squadron at Kelly Field, San Antonio Texas was designated","title":"9th Aero Squadron"},{"docid":"6670396","text":"24th Infantry guarded the Mexico–United States border to keep the Mexican Revolution from spilling onto U.S. soil. When it did, the 24th joined the \"Punitive Expedition\" under General Pershing and entered Mexico to fight Pancho Villa's forces. In 1919, rebels and troops of the Mexican government fought in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which borders the U.S. city of El Paso, Texas. The 24th Infantry crossed over again to engage the rebels, ensuring that no violence erupted across the U.S. border. During the nadir of American race relations and just months after America’s entry into World War I, the soldiers of this","title":"24th Infantry Regiment (United States)"},{"docid":"7595013","text":"Porfirio Díaz, documents conveyed from the U.S. Consulate in Mexico kept the Secretary of State in Washington, D.C. informed about Mexican affairs. The Secretary of State told President Taft of the buildup to possible regime change in Mexico, when Díaz was unable to control rebellions in various areas of Mexico. Initially, Taft did not want to intervene but wanted to keep the Díaz government in power to prevent problems with business relations between the two countries, such as the sales of oil between Mexico and the United States. U.S. Ambassador to Mexico H.L. Wilson helped to plot the February 1913","title":"United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution"},{"docid":"17950276","text":"cases were recorded in Senegal, the United Kingdom and Sardinia. In addition, imported cases led to secondary infection of medical workers in the United States and Spain but did not spread further. The number of cases peaked in October 2014 and then began to decline gradually, following the commitment of substantial international resources. <section begin=casesasof /><section end=casesasof />, the World Health Organization (WHO) and respective governments reported a total of <section begin=cases />28,616<section end=cases /> suspected cases and <section begin=deaths />11,310<section end=deaths /> deaths<section begin=caserefs /><section end=caserefs /> (39.5%), though the WHO believes that this substantially understates the magnitude of","title":"West African Ebola virus epidemic"},{"docid":"2835310","text":"communication between the council and each commission. These liaison persons are not commission members and cannot vote; though, they do have voice. The Presiding Bishop also appoints a staff member to assist each commission in its work. Either house may refer matters to a commission, but one house cannot instruct a commission to take any action without the consent of the other house. The American Revolution was very disruptive to the Episcopal churches in the United States. There had been no Anglican dioceses or bishops in the 13 colonies before the Revolution, thus when the American congregations were separated from","title":"General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America"},{"docid":"2728015","text":"mountain, dubbed 'Mount Zeus', on its surface. On Earth, a period of relative peace has evolved between the United States, Soviet Union, and China, although a violent revolution has taken place in South Africa (now the United States of Southern Africa or USSA): the white population fled to Europe, taking most of the country's wealth with them and leaving the black population to rebuild the economy, which they did in a matter of weeks thanks to the country's diamond mines. Dr. Heywood Floyd, the protagonist of \"2010\", has suffered an accident and has become a permanent resident of an orbital","title":"2061: Odyssey Three"},{"docid":"6616331","text":"as did whaling and sea trading. New England writers and events in the region helped launch and sustain the American Revolution, and the American War of Independence began when fighting erupted between British troops and Massachusetts militia in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The region later became a stronghold of the conservative Federalist Party. By the 1840s, the region was the center of the American anti-slavery movement, and was the leading force in American literature and higher education. It was at the center of the Industrial Revolution in the United States, with many textile mills and machine shops operating","title":"History of New England"},{"docid":"11290176","text":"sought out these so-called 'deviants' within the public system, with the particular focus upon teachers. The persecution of gay teachers was driven by the popular belief that homosexuals did untold damage when around vulnerable young people as naive adolescents were considered easy prey to recruitment into homosexuality by perverse teachers attempting to unnaturally reproduce. In addition, male homosexuals were often seen as inherently more dangerous (particularly to children) than lesbians, due to stereotypes and societal prejudices. Many modern commentators on the gay sexual revolution in 1960s America allege that this area of the decade has been severely under emphasized, lacking","title":"Sexual revolution in 1960s United States"},{"docid":"870020","text":"cheaper production of iron. However, the industrial revolution did not begin in any one place. Darby's iron smelting was but one small part of this generalised revolution and was soon superseded by the great iron-smelting areas. However, the bridge – being the first of its kind fabricated from cast iron, and one of the few which have survived to the present day – remains an important symbol representative of the dawn of the industrial age. The grandson of the first Abraham Darby, Abraham Darby III, built the bridge – originally designed by Thomas Farnolls Pritchard – to link the two","title":"Ironbridge"},{"docid":"12452200","text":"in Athens, Georgia, the University of Georgia received its charter from the state in 1785, making the University of Georgia the first state-chartered public university in the United States. As a result of this distinction UGA brands itself as the \"birthplace of the American system of higher education.\" A site was selected for the university, but it did not begin admitting students until 1801, six years after the University of North Carolina. The first graduation was held in 1804. The first building was completed in 1805. The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 provided that “learning . . . be duly","title":"Oldest public university in the United States"},{"docid":"9766596","text":"the Southern United States and industrial workers from Wisconsin's hinterlands and other parts of the United States, the city had acquired a dense population in the first half of the 20th century. As Milwaukee's suburbs proliferated and the population of the city center began to disperse, Milwaukee annexed and incorporated the surrounding lands, recapturing a portion of its departing tax base and simultaneously supplying these areas with much-needed city services. The first plan for Wisconsin's highway system, with an aim to improve Milwaukee's worsening automotive congestion, was submitted in 1945, although construction did not begin until the late 1950s. Milwaukee's","title":"History of Milwaukee"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"13613756\",\n \"text\": \"center of the district. At the same time, a Russian-American Company employee named Pyotr Baranov established a small trading base on the site of present-day Anadyr. Exploitation of the various minerals to be found in the district did not begin until the early 20th century, when the Russian North-Eastern Siberian Society, an American conglomerate, began to extract gold and ship it back to the United States, though this enterprise ceased in 1912. Due to the distance between Anadyrsky District and Moscow, news of the October Revolution took nearly a month to arrive and even when it did, Bolshevik politics did\",\n \"title\": \"Anadyrsky District\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4669039\",\n \"text\": \"Ville Ville () is the modern French word of Latin origin now meaning \\\"city\\\" or \\\"town\\\", but the first meaning in the Middle Ages was \\\"farm\\\" (from Gallo-Romance < Latin \\\"villa rustica\\\") and then \\\"village\\\". The derivative suffix \\\"-ville\\\" is commonly used in English in names of cities, towns and villages. According to toponymist George R. Stewart, the use of the suffix \\\"-ville\\\" for settlements in the United States did not begin until after the American Revolution. Previously, town-names did not usually use suffixes unless named after European towns in which case the name was borrowed wholly. When a suffix\",\n \"title\": \"Ville\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4669032\",\n \"text\": \"Ville Ville () is the modern French word of Latin origin now meaning \\\"city\\\" or \\\"town\\\", but the first meaning in the Middle Ages was \\\"farm\\\" (from Gallo-Romance < Latin \\\"villa rustica\\\") and then \\\"village\\\". The derivative suffix \\\"-ville\\\" is commonly used in English in names of cities, towns and villages. According to toponymist George R. Stewart, the use of the suffix \\\"-ville\\\" for settlements in the United States did not begin until after the American Revolution. Previously, town-names did not usually use suffixes unless named after European towns in which case the name was borrowed wholly. When a suffix\",\n \"title\": \"Ville\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15261931\",\n \"text\": \"Georgia Revolution FC Georgia Revolution FC is an American soccer club based in McDonough, Georgia, United States. The team competes in the Southeast Conference of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid. The Georgia Revolution FC was founded in 2010 to begin play in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid. The team was created to serve as the top level of the Rockdale Youth Soccer Association. The Revolution defeated Jacksonville United 2-1 in its first game on May 13, 2011. The Revolution qualified for the\",\n \"title\": \"Georgia Revolution FC\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"66076\",\n \"text\": \"of arms to Batista during the revolution. On 5 June 1958, at the height of the revolution, he had written: \\\"The Americans are going to pay dearly for what they are doing. When the war is over, I'll start a much longer and bigger war of my own: the war I’m going to fight against them. That will be my true destiny\\\". (The United States had stopped supplies to Batista in March 1958, but left its Military Advisory Group in Cuba). Thus, Castro had no intention to bow to the United States. \\\"Even though he did not have a clear\",\n \"title\": \"History of Cuba\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7490203\",\n \"text\": \"authoritarian rule of white people over enslaved Africans, as well as its psychological effects on those Africans. United States and the Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution provoked mixed reactions in the United States when in 1804, after a 13-year campaign, Black Haitian soldiers, mainly led by Toussaint Louverture, overthrew the French colonial rule and declared Haiti an independent emancipated state. This led to uneasiness in the US, instilling fears of racial instability on its own soil and possible problems with foreign relations and trade between the two countries. US president Thomas Jefferson realized the revolution had the potential to cause\",\n \"title\": \"United States and the Haitian Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"205310\",\n \"text\": \"to its source, then north to the 42nd parallel, which it followed to the Pacific Ocean. As the United States renounced all claims to the west and south of this boundary (Texas), so Spain surrendered any title she had to the Northwest (Oregon Country). Monroe was deeply sympathetic to the Latin American revolutionary movements against Spain. He was determined that the United States should never repeat the policies of the Washington administration during the French Revolution, when the nation had failed to demonstrate its sympathy for the aspirations of peoples seeking to establish republican governments. He did not envisage military\",\n \"title\": \"James Monroe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13117930\",\n \"text\": \"in copper rolling began when, after the American Revolution, the American navy wanted to begin using this process of copper sheathing the nation’s ships. Benjamin Stoddert, a successful businessman and ardent Federalist, recognized the importance of a powerful Navy in preserving the economic and political independence of the new United States. Stoddert used his position as Secretary of the Navy to fund metalworkers such as Paul Revere in the hopes that American manufacturers might be able to develop copper rolling technology of their own and reduce America’s reliance on Britain for the majority of its copper products, especially for industrial\",\n \"title\": \"Revere Copper Company\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13356615\",\n \"text\": \"century, and its development up to the Islamic Revolution in 1978. HCLI will analyze the concept of childhood, educational ideas and the literature of each period under consideration. Also the broader socio-economic and cultural situations will be reviewed in light of historical developments. Sample text illustrations from the different periods will complete the discussions and provide a unique anthology. Some of the questions to be answered by the HCLI are as follows: When did Iranian society start considering children as different from adults; how have thinkers defined the child and its special needs; when did children’s literature begin; and in\",\n \"title\": \"The History of Children’s Literature in Iran\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7490192\",\n \"text\": \"United States and the Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution provoked mixed reactions in the United States when in 1804, after a 13-year campaign, Black Haitian soldiers, mainly led by Toussaint Louverture, overthrew the French colonial rule and declared Haiti an independent emancipated state. This led to uneasiness in the US, instilling fears of racial instability on its own soil and possible problems with foreign relations and trade between the two countries. US president Thomas Jefferson realized the revolution had the potential to cause an upheaval against slavery in the US not only by slaves, but by white abolitionists as well.\",\n \"title\": \"United States and the Haitian Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18563606\",\n \"text\": \"work now expected to begin on the overpasses in the summer 1952. They were to be finished in sumeer 1953. The New York Avenue Bridge itself did not win design approval until August 1952, when the United States Army Corps of Engineers gave its consent. Construction of the bridge would be handled by the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR). The long steel bridge was expected to cost $1 million to $1.5 million. The BPR said at that time that contracts would be awarded in October 1952, and work on the bridge was expected to begin in November and last 18\",\n \"title\": \"New York Avenue Bridge (Anacostia River)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6350939\",\n \"text\": \"sophisticated export products (from textiles in the 1950s to automobiles and consumer electronics in the 1980s) and to pursue protectionist policies to limit foreign competition for domestic industries. After the end of the World War II, Japan's economy was in a shambles, with production in 1945 at 10% of prewar levels. Its international economic relations were almost completely disrupted. Initially, imports were limited to essential food and raw materials, mostly financed by economic assistance from the United States. Because of extreme domestic shortages, exports did not begin to recover until the Korean War (1950–53), when special procurement by United States\",\n \"title\": \"Economic relations of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11290179\",\n \"text\": \"gay men was after the sexual revolution in 2003, when \\\"Lawrence v Texas\\\" made it legal in all 50 states to have anal sex. After this, the porn industry never had to make stag films nor did they have to censor their material in states that had anti-sodomy laws. Indeed, in an age of sexual revolution and urban chaos many spontaneous acts of defiance occurred as homosexuals found creative ways to resist heteronormative social codes throughout the 1960s. Frank Kameny's Mattachine Society chapter, in Washington DC, campaigned openly for gay rights by confronting various federal agencies about their discriminatory policies\",\n \"title\": \"Sexual revolution in 1960s United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12373072\",\n \"text\": \"varies from state to state. Prior to the 1970s, divorcing spouses had to allege that the other spouse was guilty of a crime or sin like abandonment or adultery; when spouses simply could not get along, lawyers were forced to manufacture \\\"uncontested\\\" divorces. The no-fault divorce revolution began in 1969 in California; New York and South Dakota were the last states to begin allowing no-fault divorce. No-fault divorce on the grounds of \\\"irreconcilable differences\\\" is now available in all states. However, many states have recently required separation periods prior to a formal divorce decree. State law provides for child support\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10350471\",\n \"text\": \"agent of the United States Treasury Department. From early childhood, Sabine, in his own words, was \\\"revolution-mad.\\\" But, not until 1821, when he moved to Maine and was close enough to pursue his passion, did he realize the great resource available and the profound, for the times, insight that \\\"there was more than \\\"one\\\" side to the Revolution.\\\" Prior to this \\\"every 'Tory' was as bad as bad could be, every 'son of Liberty' as good as possible.\\\" During the 1840s, Sabine published the results of his research in the North American Review (the United States' first literary magazine). The\",\n \"title\": \"Lorenzo Sabine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14699066\",\n \"text\": \"the existence of the Industrial Revolution. The section \\\"An 'Industrial Revolution'?\\\", in chapter 3. \\\"Trade and Manufacturing\\\", for example, is a detailed discussion of the contrasting viewpoints, mainly whether or not there was indeed an industrial 'revolution'; and Blanning concludes that: 'the changes in commerce and manufacturing do deserve their revolutionary status. The world was transformed by industrialization, it did begin in Great Britain and it did begin in this period.' Reception to the book was extremely favourable. In Britain, it was chosen as \\\"The Sunday Times\\\" history book of the year. \\\"The Spectator\\\" called it 'outstanding', although it did\",\n \"title\": \"The Pursuit of Glory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6140370\",\n \"text\": \"instability in Mexico, but did not significantly slow United States investment. It did reduce economic development within Mexico, however, and the border regions reflected this. As the infrastructure of communities on the United States side continued to improve, the Mexican side began to fall behind in the construction and maintenance of important transportation networks and systems necessary to municipal development. Although the Mexican Revolution caused insecurity in Mexico itself, it also strained United States-Mexico relations. With the Mexican Revolution lasting for 10 years, ending in 1920, and World War I simultaneously occurring between 1914 and 1918, the division between the\",\n \"title\": \"Mexico–United States border\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19801146\",\n \"text\": \"world-at-large was to welcome them as they emerged from customs at the airport\\\" (where they were greeted with a \\\"U-S-A!\\\" chant as they emerged from the plane). It was argued that the presence of the U.S. and other newcomers was a sign that the sport of kabaddi was experiencing \\\"[a] revolution from dusty provincial pastime to international media spectacle\\\", and could begin to develop a following in the United States. The \\\"Hindustan Times\\\" felt that the U.S. team were a \\\"quirk\\\" of the tournament, \\\"even by its regular standards considering pharmacists and engineers are competing against monks and fishermen\\\", but\",\n \"title\": \"United States national kabaddi team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10229423\",\n \"text\": \"México: tan lejos de Dios y tan cerca de los Estados Unidos\\\") is attributed to him. Díaz had ousted president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada in the Revolution of Tuxtepec (1876). The U.S. did not recognize the Díaz government until 1878, when Rutherford B. Hayes was president. Given that France had invaded Mexico in 1862, Mexico did not initially restore diplomatic relations with it or other European powers, but did pursue a \\\"special relationship\\\" with the United States. One issue causing tension between Mexico and the U.S. were indigenous groups whose traditional territories straddled what was now an international boundary, most\",\n \"title\": \"Mexico–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1446127\",\n \"text\": \"but Bonifacio was definitely a threat to the Cavite leaders who wanted control of the Revolution, so he was eliminated. Constantino contrasts Bonifacio who had no record of compromise with the Spanish with the Cavite leaders who did compromise, resulting in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato whereas the revolution was officially halted and its leaders exiled, though many Filipinos continued to fight especially \\\"Katipunan\\\" leaders used to be close to Bonifacio (Aguinaldo eventually, unofficially allied with the United States, did return to take charge of the revolution during the Spanish–American War). Historians have also discussed the motives of the Cavite government\",\n \"title\": \"Andrés Bonifacio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17011330\",\n \"text\": \"1966 gubernatorial race revealed ongoing abuses—\\\"e.g.\\\", use of wire pliers on inmates' genitals, stabbings, use of nut crackers to break inmates knuckles, trampling of inmates with horses, and charging inmates for hospital time after beatings. When the chairman of the Arkansas legislature's prison committee was asked about the allegations, however, he replied, \\\"Arkansas has the best prison system in the United States.\\\" Only later, after a federal court intervened, did reforms begin at the Arkansas prison camps. History of United States prison systems Imprisonment as a form of criminal punishment only became widespread in the United States just before the\",\n \"title\": \"History of United States prison systems\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10118417\",\n \"text\": \"commemorating the 150th anniversary of the event. In 1850, INA bought a property at 232 Walnut Street in Philadelphia to begin the tenure of its longest-serving home office site. Though it demolished and rebuilt the office twice (1851; 1880–1881), INA operated from 232 Walnut Street as its headquarters until 1925, and kept the location as its local Philadelphia office until 1942. Despite the Civil War, INA's agents grew from 40 to 1,300 between 1860 and 1876. INA appointed its first agents outside of the United States in 1873, when it did so in Canada. In 1897, it appointed the Yang-Tsze\",\n \"title\": \"Insurance Company of North America\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434519\",\n \"text\": \"its original purpose in announcing the independence of the United States. Early celebrations of Independence Day largely ignored the Declaration, as did early histories of the Revolution. The \\\"act\\\" of declaring independence was considered important, whereas the \\\"text\\\" announcing that act attracted little attention. The Declaration was rarely mentioned during the debates about the United States Constitution, and its language was not incorporated into that document. George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights was more influential, and its language was echoed in state constitutions and state bills of rights more often than Jefferson's words. \\\"In none of these\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"211044\",\n \"text\": \"about revolution in Colombia, Conrad opened a fresh section of \\\"Nostromo\\\" with hints of dissent in Costaguana\\\", his fictional South American country. He plotted a revolution in the Costaguanan fictional port of Sulaco that mirrored the real-life secessionist movement brewing in Panama. When Conrad finished the novel on 1 September 1904, writes Jasanoff, \\\"he left Sulaco in the condition of Panama. As Panama had gotten its independence instantly recognized by the United States and its economy bolstered by American investment in the canal, so Sulaco had \\\"its\\\" independence instantly recognized by the United States, and its economy underwritten by investment\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Conrad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7008005\",\n \"text\": \"sunshine pop, a style noted for its influence of psychedelia with rich harmony vocals and lush orchestrations. Due to the album's complex recordings and long studio time, it became the most expensive studio album recorded by 1968. The album received critical acclaim on its release but did not sell well failing to chart in the United States and the United Kingdom leading the group to abandon a follow-up album which they had already recorded songs for. As pop music of the 1960s was re-evaluated by newer generation of critics, \\\"Begin\\\" continued to receive positive reviews after the album was re-issued\",\n \"title\": \"Begin (The Millennium album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11685596\",\n \"text\": \"how to respond to the townhouse blast. After several days, the group concluded that Jacobs and Robbins had committed \\\"the military error\\\" by advocating armed revolution. As leader of the group, Dohrn had the power to expel Jacobs. She did so, and Jacobs left quietly. He never participated in radical activities again. The Weatherman organization did not, however, immediately announce its decision. As early as May 21, 1970, it issued a communiqué announcing its continuing support for armed revolution in the United States. Several more communiqués followed throughout the year, as more Weatherman-sponsored bombings occurred across the country. It was\",\n \"title\": \"John Jacobs (activist)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10656156\",\n \"text\": \"his integrity was called into question by the president, Wilson resigned late on the afternoon of March 27. The resignation was made public three days later. Most press reports interpreted the resignation as a sign that Truman was capitulating to union demands. Truman named John R. Steelman, Assistant to the President of the United States (a post which would later become White House Chief of Staff), acting director. Steelman urged the employers and the union to begin negotiations again. The steel companies agreed to begin talks on March 30, but put them off until April 3. When talks did begin,\",\n \"title\": \"1952 steel strike\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12924866\",\n \"text\": \"the Cato Institute, \\\"Without the active support of the government in Islamabad, it is doubtful whether the Taliban could ever have come to power in Afghanistan. Pakistani authorities helped fund the militia and equip it with military hardware during the mid-1990s when the Taliban was merely one of several competing factions in Afghanistan’s civil war. Only when the United States exerted enormous diplomatic pressure after the Sept. 11 attacks did Islamabad begin to sever its political and financial ties with the Taliban. Even now it is not certain that key members of Pakistan’s intelligence service have repudiated their Taliban clients.\",\n \"title\": \"Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12229703\",\n \"text\": \"Prussia joined the League of Armed Neutrality, and Frederick II of Prussia was well appreciated in the United States for his support early in the war. He expressed interest in opening trade with the United States and bypassing English ports, and allowed an American agent to buy arms in Prussia. Frederick predicted American success, and promised to recognize the United States and American diplomats once France did the same. Prussia also interfered in the recruiting efforts of Russia and neighboring German states when they raised armies to send to the Americas, and Frederick II forbade enlistment for the American war\",\n \"title\": \"Germans in the American Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"739834\",\n \"text\": \"Herbert Hoover. In the 1920s the U.S. grew steadily in stature as an economic and military world power. The United States Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles imposed by its Allies on the defeated Central Powers; instead, the United States chose to pursue unilateralism. The aftershock of Russia's October Revolution resulted in real fears of Communism in the United States, leading to a Red Scare and the deportation of aliens considered subversive. While public health facilities grew rapidly in the Progressive Era, and hospitals and medical schools were modernized, the nation in 1918 lost 675,000 lives to the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"910134\",\n \"text\": \"follows: Manifest destiny played an important role in the expansion of Texas and American relationship with Mexico. In 1836, the Republic of Texas declared independence from Mexico and, after the Texas Revolution, sought to join the United States as a new state. This was an idealized process of expansion that had been advocated from Jefferson to O'Sullivan: newly democratic and independent states would request entry into the United States, rather than the United States extending its government over people who did not want it. The annexation of Texas was attacked by anti-slavery spokesmen because it would add another slave state\",\n \"title\": \"Manifest destiny\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9214847\",\n \"text\": \"trade between the countries that had been united under the empire became more difficult. Stock bought a distillery in Božkov, where spirits shipped from Trieste could be bottled. Only in 1927 did Fernet Stock begin production, only to be hit by the Great Depression in 1929 and then seized by the Nazis as Jewish property in 1939, and ending up as national property by the end of the Second World War. Although Lionello Stock regained possession briefly in 1947, it was nationalized in 1948. Fernet Stock's popularity only increased through the 1960s and 70s, and following the Velvet Revolution, its\",\n \"title\": \"Fernet Stock\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2272794\",\n \"text\": \"label. The song's title was originally a popular slogan among the 1960s Black Power movements in the United States. Its lyrics either mention or allude to several television series, advertising slogans and icons of entertainment and news coverage that serve as examples of what \\\"the revolution will not\\\" be or do. The song is a response to the spoken word piece \\\"When the Revolution Comes\\\" by The Last Poets, from their eponymous debut, which opens with the line \\\"When the revolution comes some of us will probably catch it on TV\\\". The Revolution Will Not Be Televised \\\"The Revolution Will\",\n \"title\": \"The Revolution Will Not Be Televised\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"295161\",\n \"text\": \"organized relief, began to expand its influence and assumed the leadership of the revolution. A popular uprising brought the FSLN to power in 1979. The United States had long been opposed to the socialist FSLN, and after the revolution the Carter administration moved quickly to support the Somocistas with financial and material aid. When Ronald Reagan took office, he augmented the direct support to an anti-Sandinista group, called the Contras, which included factions loyal to the former dictatorship. When Congress prohibited further funding to the Contras, Oliver North continued the funding through arms sales that were also prohibited by Congress.\",\n \"title\": \"Nicaragua v. United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11228082\",\n \"text\": \"while Spain surrendered its claim to Oregon Country. Spanish delay in relinquishing control of the Floridas led some congressmen to call for war, but Spain peacefully transferred control of the Floridas in February 1821. Monroe was deeply sympathetic to the Latin American revolutionary movements against Spain. He was determined that the United States should never repeat the policies of the Washington administration during the French Revolution, when the nation had failed to demonstrate its sympathy for the aspirations of peoples seeking to establish republican governments. He did not envisage military involvement but only the provision of moral support, as he\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of James Monroe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6582249\",\n \"text\": \"House or in the nearby Lafayette Park. The NWP continued to hold watchfires even as the war began, drawing criticism from the public and even other suffrage groups for being unpatriotic. Stanton and Anthony launched a sixteen-page weekly newspaper called \\\"The Revolution\\\" in 1868. It focused primarily on women's rights, especially suffrage, but it also covered politics, the labor movement and other topics. Its energetic and broad-ranging style gave it a lasting influence, but its debts mounted when it did not receive the funding they had expected, and they had to transfer the paper to other hands after only twenty-nine\",\n \"title\": \"Women's suffrage in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3839486\",\n \"text\": \"in worldwide theatrical release. The film also enjoyed commercial success in the United States; Universal Pictures paid $2 million to acquire the film's North American distribution rights and went on to gross $11.3 million in limited theatrical release, making it the second highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980. The film also did brisk video and DVD sales in the United States. During the French Revolution, Marquis d'Apcher writes his memoirs in his castle. He recounts to 1764, when a mysterious beast terrorized the province of Gévaudan. Grégoire de Fronsac, a knight and the royal naturalist of King\",\n \"title\": \"Brotherhood of the Wolf\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7595002\",\n \"text\": \"and revolutionary support from the Mexican people. His Plan of San Luis Potosí did spark revolutionary uprisings, particularly in Mexico's north. The U.S. stayed out of the unfolding events until March 6, 1911, when President William Howard Taft mobilized forces on the U.S.-Mexico border. \\\"In effect this was an intervention in Mexican politics, and to Mexicans it meant the United States had condemned Díaz. Although the United States appears to have pursued an inconsistent policy toward Mexico, in fact it was the pattern for the U.S. \\\"Every victorious faction between 1910 and 1919 enjoyed the sympathy, and in most cases\",\n \"title\": \"United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14940999\",\n \"text\": \"the protesters were rarely convicted in court. The army continued to have a counter-revolutionary function, and as late as in November 1937 Laake approved the inclusion of mountain artillery in the units in Western Norway which were designated to deal with internal troubles. He did, however, refuse to allow air support to be used for possible internal security operations. Only in 1938 did the army begin to scale down its preparations to put down a revolution. The process of dismantling the anti-revolution preparations in the Norwegian Army began in 1936, and was founded to end the fears of the establishment\",\n \"title\": \"Kristian Laake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20871383\",\n \"text\": \"of the Revolution to the assertion of individual conscience in Henry David Thoreau's \\\"Civil Disobedience\\\", has been an important plank of American political philosophy. The theory that there should be \\\"no taxation without representation,\\\" while it did not originate in America, is often associated with the American Revolution, in which that slogan did strong duty. It continues to be a rallying cry for tax rebellions today. American Henry David Thoreau's theory of civil disobedience has proven to be extremely influential, and its influence today is not limited to tax resistance stands and campaigns but to all manner of refusal to\",\n \"title\": \"Tax resistance in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15801178\",\n \"text\": \"The Promised Land (autobiography) The Promised Land is the 1912 autobiography of Mary Antin. It tells the story of her early life in what is now Belarus and her immigration to the United States in 1894. The book focuses on her attempts to assimilate into the culture of the United States. It received very positive reviews and sold more than 85,000 copies in the three decades after its release. The book's popularity allowed Antin to begin speaking publicly, a platform that she used to promote acceptance of immigration to the United States. It was criticized by anti-immigration activists, who did\",\n \"title\": \"The Promised Land (autobiography)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16233614\",\n \"text\": \"restored in Maryland until the American Revolution, when Darnall's great-grandson Charles Carroll of Carrollton, arguably the wealthiest Catholic in Maryland, signed the American Declaration of Independence. The United States Constitution would guarantee freedom of worship for all Americans for the first time. Protestant Revolution (Maryland) The Protestant Revolution of 1689, sometimes called \\\"Coode's Rebellion\\\" after one of its leaders, John Coode, took place in the Province of Maryland when Puritans, by then a substantial majority in the colony, revolted against the proprietary government led by the Roman Catholic Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore. The rebellion followed the \\\"Glorious Revolution\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"Protestant Revolution (Maryland)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13563014\",\n \"text\": \"the film in its journal \\\"Cinema Fron\\\" (Kino-front) as \\\"one of the most successful pictures of Soviet production.\\\" The film's producer, the state-run studio Sovkino, offered the film for international distribution, but it was banned in Western Europe and the United States for its sexual content. However, through film societies and their associated private clubs, the film managed to be widely seen in the west. The film met with mixed reactions, for reasons having nothing to do with the quality of the film. In 1927, the Soviet government was preparing for the Cultural Revolution, which would begin the following year,\",\n \"title\": \"Bed and Sofa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2470805\",\n \"text\": \"Ida Saxton McKinley Ida Saxton McKinley (June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907) was the First Lady of the United States from 1897 until 1901. Ida was born in Canton, Ohio, the elder daughter of James Saxton, prominent Canton banker, and Katherine DeWalt. Her grandfather, John Saxton, in 1815 founded \\\"The Repository\\\", the city's first and now its only newspaper. A graduate of Brook Hall Seminary, a finishing school in Media, Pennsylvania, Ida was refined, charming, and strikingly attractive when she met William \\\"Bill\\\" McKinley at a picnic in 1867. They did not begin courting until after she returned from\",\n \"title\": \"Ida Saxton McKinley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10592919\",\n \"text\": \"also been praised. After the American Revolution, the United States immediately began juggling its foreign policy between many different views under the George Washington cabinet. Most notably, the rivalry between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton arose due to their opposing views on how the United States should align itself with Revolutionary France in its war against Great Britain in 1793. Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans, who viewed the French revolution as similar to the previous American revolution, believed the United States should declare war on Great Britain as an ally of France, citing the 1778 Franco-American alliance which was still technically\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of United States foreign policy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13053699\",\n \"text\": \"Trotsky hostility, and when it began. But a huge \\\"political\\\" divider became Stalin's idea of \\\"Socialism in one country\\\" vs Trotsky's \\\"Ever ongoing revolution\\\". Stalin's idea, was in the mid 1920's actually revolutionary in itself. The entire Bolshevik concept had been to begin at home, in Russia. And then \\\"export\\\" the revolution to the West. By 1925 it had become apparent that all revolutionary movements in Germany and elsewhere had failed. In Italy had even a counter socialistic movement, Fascism, come to power. From these perspectives did not that few Bolsheviks suddenly see Stalin's idea as sound when compared to\",\n \"title\": \"Rise of Joseph Stalin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4166617\",\n \"text\": \"the United States and internationally. When they relocated to the U.S. in the late 1930s, it was hard to attract large audiences. The concerts in Washington and New York, the radio broadcasts and the many records gradually raised audience numbers, made them famous and wealthy, and set high performance standards for later quartet and other chamber groups to follow and even improve upon. Jascha Heifetz was once quoted as saying: \\\"One Russian is an anarchist. Two Russians are a chess game. Three Russians are a revolution. Four Russians are the Budapest String Quartet.\\\" The following listings begin with 1932; this\",\n \"title\": \"Budapest String Quartet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9059776\",\n \"text\": \"The artist's more notable entrance into painting was in 1956, when he started his abstract-expressionist work, leaving the group \\\"Los Once\\\" to pursue more representational work, at which point he left behind any traces of the \\\"stereotypical\\\" aforementioned. The revolution had not influenced the work of Martínez until 1962 when the blockade between the United States and Cuba occurred. Even then, the influence of the revolution did not, yet, have a substantial effect on the body of work. Martínez simply began incorporating topical titles into his work (which becomes evident in his exhibition \\\"Expressionismo Abstracto\\\" in 1963). Abstraction soon became\",\n \"title\": \"Raúl Martínez (artist)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6825422\",\n \"text\": \"had been ineligible for citizenship since the previous year. Also by 1924, all Asian immigrants (except people from the Philippines, which had been annexed by the United States in 1898) were utterly excluded by law, denied citizenship and naturalization, and prevented from owning land. In many Western states, Asian immigrants are even prevented from marrying Caucasians. Only since the 1940s when the United States and China became allies during World War II, did the situation for Chinese Americans begin to improve, as restrictions on entry into the country, naturalization and mixed marriage were lessened. In 1943, Chinese immigration to the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese Americans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7132597\",\n \"text\": \"to the US reached its first peak between 1749 and 1754 when approximately 37,000 Germans came to North America. Since 1848, about seven million Germans have emigrated to the United States. Many of these Germans settled in the cities of Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit and New York City. The failed German Revolutions of 1848 into 1849 (accompanied by similar upheavals that same pivotal year in other European states) accelerated emigration from Germany and the German Confederation. Those Germans who left as a result of the revolution were called the Forty-Eighters. Between the revolution and the start of World War I (1914–1918),\",\n \"title\": \"Germany–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3918155\",\n \"text\": \"major grievance of southern slave owning states, leading up to the American Revolution in 1776. The 1790 United States Census recorded 694,280 slaves (17.8 per cent) of a total 3,893,635 population. After independence, the British Empire halted the Atlantic slave trade in 1807, and abolished slavery in its own territories, by paying off slave owners in 1833. In the US, northern states progressively abolished slavery. However, southern states did not. In \\\"Dred Scott v Sandford\\\" the Supreme Court held the federal government could not regulate slavery, and also that people who were slaves had no legal rights in court. The\",\n \"title\": \"United States labor law\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10546268\",\n \"text\": \"Canon law of the Episcopal Church in the United States Like the other autonomous member churches of the Anglican Communion, the Episcopal Church in the United States has its own system of canon law. Unlike the system of canon law in the Church of England, which continues to be drawn from the canon law of the Western church, English ecclesiastical law did not remain in force in the Episcopal Church after the American Revolution. There are two parallel systems of canon law within the church operating on a national level, governed by the General Convention, and on a diocesan level,\",\n \"title\": \"Canon law of the Episcopal Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14518655\",\n \"text\": \"The tension was partially defused with the Compromise of 1850, in which Texas ceded some of its territory to the federal government to become non-slave-owning areas but gained El Paso The Republic of Texas had formed in 1836, after breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the United States declined the offer. In 1844, James K. Polk was elected the United States president after promising to annex Texas. Before\",\n \"title\": \"History of Texas (1845–1860)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"66071\",\n \"text\": \"and imprisoning and executing opponents and dissident former supporters. As the revolution became more radical and continued its persecution of those who did not agree with its direction, hundreds of thousands of Cubans fled the island, eventually forming a large exile community in the United States. Cuban Americans today constitute a large percentage of the population of the U.S. state of Florida, and constitute a significant voting bloc. The new government of Cuba soon encountered opposition from militant groups and from the United States, which had supported Batista politically and economically. Fidel Castro quickly purged political opponents from the administration.\",\n \"title\": \"History of Cuba\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3460129\",\n \"text\": \"alleged French Illuminati. According to a conspiracy theory, they were responsible for the French Revolution and Americans feared its excesses. Official sources state that Morse and Robison's claims have been discredited. When presented with the conspiracy theory, President George Washington reportedly said: It is not my intention to doubt that the doctrine of the Illuminati and the principles of Jacobinism had not spread in the United States. On the contrary, no one is more satisfied of this fact than I am. The idea that I meant to convey, was, that I did not believe that the Lodges of Free Masons\",\n \"title\": \"Jedidiah Morse\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20162543\",\n \"text\": \"Democratic Party (United States) used such agrarian sentiments to dominate the country's politics in the first half of the 19th century, though they did not prevent the coming of the industrial revolution. They saw Europe and its industrial cities negatively. Jobs in the city attract migrants, creating poor workers and forming potential hotbeds of revolution. To avoid these ills and urban overcrowding, the Americans embraced the idea of life on the outskirts, within nature, for a better way of life, yet near the city in order to reach its economic resources. Paradoxically, the rural component of American identity then gave\",\n \"title\": \"Anti-urbanism\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11215710\",\n \"text\": \"Director, David Tate: \\\"\\\"This is WCGQ, Columbus, Georgia, 'The New 107-Q', where the Rock revolution starts NOW\\\"\\\". Then, Tate played the first musical selection ever broadcast on WCGQ, Revolution, recorded by the British pop band, The Beatles. Indeed, a Rock revolution did begin at WCGQ-FM that day. WCGQ trounced its direct competitor, WDAK-AM, in only 4 months. In the April/May, 1974 Arbitron ratings Radio Market Report for Columbus, GA, WCGQ became the leading FM popular music radio station in the Columbus, GA metropolitan area. 107-Q's earliest musical style was marked by a decidedly eclectic, \\\"left-of-center\\\", musical mixture, featuring playlists with\",\n \"title\": \"WCGQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"355148\",\n \"text\": \"of its existence, Rhodesia did not receive official recognition from any state, although it did maintain diplomatic relations with South Africa, which was then under apartheid. South Africa did not recognise Rhodesia to preserve its fragile positions with other nations, but frequently assisted the Rhodesian state. Portugal maintained informal relations until the Carnation Revolution of 1974. The day following the declaration of independence, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution (S/RES/216) calling upon all states not to accord Rhodesia recognition, and to refrain from any assistance. The Security Council also imposed selective mandatory economic sanctions, which were later made\",\n \"title\": \"Rhodesia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9548813\",\n \"text\": \"was required to secure permission to transport the electricity across Quebec territory. Quebec drove a hard bargain with Newfoundland, resulting in a 75-year deal that Newfoundlanders now believe to be unfair to the province because of the low and unchangeable rate that it receives for the electricity. Although the first geological studies were undertaken in 1892, iron mining did not begin until the 1950s. By 1990, the Quebec-Labrador area had become an important supplier of iron ore to the United States. When Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949, it relinquished jurisdiction over its fisheries to Ottawa; the Supreme Court ruled in\",\n \"title\": \"History of Newfoundland and Labrador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10536497\",\n \"text\": \"likewise notes key differences. For example, while European syndicalists operate within mainstream unions, the IWW has always displayed an antagonism toward, and disdain for existing craft based trade unions in the United States. This has led the IWW to embrace the concept of dual unionism. When William Z. Foster offered the IWW an opportunity to begin a European syndicalist style program of \\\"boring from within\\\" the AFL, the IWW rejected it. Foner concludes, therefore, that the IWW did not inherit its philosophy of revolutionary industrial unionism from French Syndicalism. However, he does also note similarities. Foner believes that IWW members\",\n \"title\": \"Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11220893\",\n \"text\": \"and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft from unspecified locations in the United States Air Forces Africa area of responsibility. The group was constituted as the 409th Bombardment Group (Light) on 1 June 1943, activated the same day at Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma and assigned the 640th, 641st, 642d and 643d Bombardment Squadrons flying Douglas A-20 Havocs. However, it did not receive manning until 20 June and it was 3 August before the group had sufficient manning or equipment to begin training. The group trained with its A-20s until 10 February 1944 when it moved to RAF Little Walden, England, arriving on 7\",\n \"title\": \"409th Air Expeditionary Group\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2958452\",\n \"text\": \"had left South Vietnam in the spring of 1973, the United States continued to maintain a military presence in other areas of Southeast Asia. Some senators criticized Schlesinger and questioned him sharply during his confirmation hearings in June 1973 after he stated that he would recommend resumption of U.S. bombing in North Vietnam and Laos if North Vietnam launched a major offensive against South Vietnam. However, when the North Vietnamese did begin an offensive early in 1975, the United States could do little to help the South Vietnamese, who collapsed completely as the North Vietnamese entered Saigon in late April.\",\n \"title\": \"James R. Schlesinger\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18443428\",\n \"text\": \"remaining loyal to the King, they chose King and Empire. About one in five Loyalists (70,000 or so) Loyalists left the new United States by 1783. Most went to Canada where they are still known as United Empire Loyalists. The patriots who fought in the Revolution did so in the name of preserving traditional rights of Englishmen—especially the right of \\\"no taxation without representation\\\"; they increasingly opposed attempts by Parliament to tax and control the fast-growing colonies. In 1773, when the British imposed heavy sanctions on the Massachusetts colony in the wake of the Boston Tea Party, self described patriots\",\n \"title\": \"History of conservatism in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1919342\",\n \"text\": \"declaration of war; Roosevelt did. Wilson waited for the declaration to begin a draft; Roosevelt started one in 1940. Wilson never made the United States an official ally but Roosevelt did. Wilson never met with the top Allied leaders but Roosevelt did. Wilson proclaimed independent policy, as seen in the 14 Points, while Roosevelt always had a collaborative policy with the Allies. In 1917, United States declared war on Germany; in 1941, Roosevelt waited until the enemy attacked at Pearl Harbor. Wilson refused to collaborate with the Republicans; Roosevelt named leading Republicans to head the War Department and the Navy\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1918–1945)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7863736\",\n \"text\": \"agrees to begin a massive propaganda campaign to force Win's United States (and the rest of the globe) toward a similar Gallatinist revolution. \\\"The Probability Broach\\\" won the 1982 Prometheus Award, which L. Neil Smith himself had created, and which is awarded by the Libertarian Futurist Society. The Probability Broach The Probability Broach is a 1979 novel by American science fiction writer L. Neil Smith. It is set in an alternate history, the so-called Gallatin Universe, where a libertarian society has formed on the North American continent, styled the North American Confederacy (\\\"NAC\\\"). This history was created when the Declaration\",\n \"title\": \"The Probability Broach\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17319032\",\n \"text\": \"to Farm to Market Road 102 (FM 102) at a point southeast of Glen Flora. To reach the county seat at Wharton, one must travel an additional east on FM 102. According to the United States Geological Survey, the precise location of Spanish Camp is at which is at the intersection of FM 1161 and Ustyrik Road, between Hatton and Coleman Roads. During the time when Stephen F. Austin and the Old Three Hundred were allowed to begin Anglo-American settlement, a community was established near the site. In 1836 during the Texas Revolution Santa Ana's Mexican army bivouacked near a\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish Camp, Texas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11583132\",\n \"text\": \"world is now so vast and technology so adept at zero-cost duplication that no government, company or organisation can hope to keep control.\\\" She went on to say that, \\\"When I met Julian Assange of Wikileaks he was still a little-known figure but his stories of battles fought to free information and ambitions to free even more in future spurred me to begin writing this book.\\\" While working on \\\"The Revolution Will Be Digitised\\\" (2011), Heather Brooke received a copy of the documents from a disgruntled WikiLeaks volunteer consisting of the raw material of the United States diplomatic cables leak.\",\n \"title\": \"Heather Brooke\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11228962\",\n \"text\": \"then his presidency certainly seems far from a failure.\\\" But Small also states, \\\"Watergate did not begin when CREEP operatives broke into Democratic headquarters in 1972. It began when Nixon took office, armed with his private slush fund, prepared to do battle by fair means and foul against his enemies...no president before or after ordered or participated in so many serious illegal and extralegal acts that violated constitutional principles.\\\" Presidency of Richard Nixon The presidency of Richard Nixon began on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as the 37th President of the United States, and ended on August\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Richard Nixon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"498699\",\n \"text\": \"territory. The fledgling republic now attempted to persuade European nations to agree to recognition. In late 1839 France recognized the Republic of Texas after being convinced it would make a fine trading partner. For several decades, official British policy was to maintain strong ties with Mexico in the hopes that the country could stop the United States from expanding further. When the Texas Revolution erupted, Great Britain had declined to become involved, officially expressing confidence that Mexico could handle its own affairs. In 1840, after years in which the Republic of Texas was neither annexed by the United States nor\",\n \"title\": \"Texas Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"498698\",\n \"text\": \"United States remained officially neutral, 40 percent of the men who enlisted in the Texian army from October 1 through April 21 arrived from the United States after hostilities began. More than 200 of the volunteers were members of the United States Army; none were punished when they returned to their posts. American individuals also provided supplies and money to the cause of Texian independence. For the next decade, Mexican politicians frequently denounced the United States for the involvement of its citizens. The United States agreed to recognize the Republic of Texas in March 1837 but declined to annex the\",\n \"title\": \"Texas Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13504780\",\n \"text\": \"receipt. The public qualitative feedback period will begin in February 2010. Every individual and entity is invited to participate in the event for recognition and awards. The website for additional information is: www.fvc.army.mil United States Army Simulation and Training Technology Center The United States Army Simulation and Training Technology Center (STTC) provide the United States Department of Defense and United States Department of Homeland Security with state-of-the-art applied research to develop simulation technologies, build on current simulation knowledge, and understand system of systems environments where human, agent, and teams are involved. The STTC traces its lineage to 1983 when the\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army Simulation and Training Technology Center\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5544014\",\n \"text\": \"an issue of \\\"Brain drain\\\" during the Pahlavi period, it was now predominantly an involuntary emigration of a relatively large number of middle- and upper-class families, including the movement of a considerable amount of wealth. During and after the revolution, most students did not return to Iran, and those who did were gradually purged from the newly established Islamic Republic. Many students who graduated abroad after the revolution also did not return, due to ruling clergy's repression. As a result, the educated elite who left Iran after the revolution, and the new graduates in the United States who chose not\",\n \"title\": \"Iranian Americans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"196138\",\n \"text\": \"Revolution, living standards for the majority of the population did not grow meaningfully until the late 19th and 20th centuries, and that in many ways workers' living standards declined under early capitalism: for instance, studies have shown that real wages in Britain only increased 15% between the 1780s and 1850s, and that life expectancy in Britain did not begin to dramatically increase until the 1870s. Similarly, the average height of the population declined during the Industrial Revolution, implying that their nutritional status was also decreasing. Real wages were not keeping up with the price of food. During the Industrial Revolution,\",\n \"title\": \"Industrial Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2981944\",\n \"text\": \"drastically over-estimated the coalition casualty count. This led many experts to assume that their models of war were wrong—that a revolution of sorts had occurred. After the Kosovo War, in which the United States did not lose a single life, others suggested that war had become too sterile, creating a \\\"virtual war\\\". Furthermore, the United States’ inability to capture Osama bin Laden or effectively combat the Iraqi insurgency led some to question RMA in the face of asymmetrical warfare, in which foes of the United States may increasingly engage in order to counter RMA’s advantages. In 1997, the U.S. Army\",\n \"title\": \"Revolution in Military Affairs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2762768\",\n \"text\": \"no longer be rendered as just in operation and could only be remedied by alteration of the organic law.\\\" When the document was ultimately retired, it was the longest surviving constitutional charter in the world. It was so far-reaching that even the American Revolutionary War did not change its position, since both the revolution and the charter rested on the same foundation—the inherent right of self-government. With the royal charter ready to travel to New England, Clarke had to begin gathering funds to get himself back as well. Only a week after the king put his seal on the charter,\",\n \"title\": \"John Clarke (Baptist minister)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2981950\",\n \"text\": \"transformed warfare, and, as a result, the question is not one of \\\"Does an RMA exist?\\\" but, rather, \\\"When did it begin, and what are its implications?\\\" Tied to this are surprisingly persistent questions about the use and value of air power, now more accurately seen as aerospace power. If nothing else, given the record of precision air power application, aerospace power advocates should not still have to spend as much time as they do arguing the merits of three-dimensional war and precision attack's value to it. Modern joint service aerospace forces offer the most responsive, flexible, lethal, and devastating\",\n \"title\": \"Revolution in Military Affairs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8257517\",\n \"text\": \"the Daughters of the American Revolution. The front parlor is set to look as it did when Benjamin Harrison brought his new bride to the house. Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site The Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site, previously known as the Benjamin Harrison Home, was the home of the Twenty-third President of the United States, Benjamin Harrison. It is in the Old Northside Historic District of Indianapolis, Indiana. Harrison had the sixteen-room house with its red brick exterior built in the 1870s. It was from the front porch of the house that Harrison instituted his famous Front Porch Campaign in the 1888\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7595016\",\n \"text\": \"with its diplomatic and economic rivals in Mexico, particularly Great Britain and Germany, meant that foreign powers affected the way the Mexican situation played out. When U.S. agents discovered that the German merchant ship, the \\\"Ypiranga\\\", was carrying arms to Huerta's regime, President Wilson ordered troops to the port of Veracruz to stop the ship from docking. The U.S. did not declare war on Mexico city but the U.S. troops carried out a skirmish against Huerta's forces in Veracruz. The \\\"Ypiranga\\\" managed to dock at another port, which infuriated Wilson. On April 9, 1914, Mexican officials in the port of\",\n \"title\": \"United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6223075\",\n \"text\": \"an emblem, with the slogan \\\"We need a New Revolution\\\". Jake Featherston, who considered Washington to have \\\"sold out the South to the damnyankees\\\" stopped that custom when he took over the party. Many Confederates did view Washington with some suspicion in the years after the Great War, but still thought of him as a Virginian first, and President of the United States second. Washington University in Lexington, Virginia, home of the Confederacy's effort to build a superbomb, retained its name, and the statue of Washington that stood in Richmond survived both Great Wars. As a northern abolitionist, Daniel Webster\",\n \"title\": \"Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2119980\",\n \"text\": \"parents living in the Mormon colonies in Mexico; events during the Mexican Revolution forced his family to flee back to the United States when he was a child. The family lived in several states and ended up in Salt Lake City, Utah, where they struggled during the Great Depression. Romney worked in a number of jobs, served as a Mormon missionary in the United Kingdom, and attended several colleges in the U.S. but did not graduate from any of them. In 1939 he moved to Detroit and joined the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, where he served as the chief spokesman\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10016741\",\n \"text\": \"also contained Gray's version of the Christmas classic, \\\"Winter Wonderland\\\". Sexual Revolution (song) \\\"Sexual Revolution\\\" is the second and final single from Macy Gray's second studio album, \\\"The Id\\\" (2001). In the United Kingdom, \\\"Sexual Revolution\\\" became Gray's first single since her debut, \\\"Do Something\\\", to miss the top forty. The single had limited success in the United States as well, missing both the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It did manage to peak at number four, however, on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. \\\"Sexual Revolution\\\" was released on two CD formats in the UK and\",\n \"title\": \"Sexual Revolution (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10016740\",\n \"text\": \"Sexual Revolution (song) \\\"Sexual Revolution\\\" is the second and final single from Macy Gray's second studio album, \\\"The Id\\\" (2001). In the United Kingdom, \\\"Sexual Revolution\\\" became Gray's first single since her debut, \\\"Do Something\\\", to miss the top forty. The single had limited success in the United States as well, missing both the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It did manage to peak at number four, however, on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. \\\"Sexual Revolution\\\" was released on two CD formats in the UK and contained remixes by Fatboy Slim and Miguel Migs. The single\",\n \"title\": \"Sexual Revolution (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10630666\",\n \"text\": \"it did operate some non-stop flights in the past), was applying for additional Detroit–China authority. Such application was denied in the past due to the limited number of new route authority but that now there is more leeway with more flights permitted by treaty. The DOT selected Detroit–Shanghai over Detroit–Beijing. The DOT noted that Delta was not awarded its route application because it would not have much experience in the Chinese market when the 2009 award was to start, given that it would only begin Atlanta–Shanghai service on March 30, 2008. The Atlanta–Shanghai Delta service was suspended on September 1,\",\n \"title\": \"Air route authority between the United States and China\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3759795\",\n \"text\": \"April 21, 2009, United States Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell cited \\\"Ali Abd al-Azeez Ali\\\" as an example of the kind of captive United States President Barack Obama might free in the United States when he closes the camp in January 2010, because he didn't know what else to do with him. In October 2011, in an operation called the \\\"baseline review,\\\" the prison seized all legal materials belonging to \\\"high-value detainees,\\\" starting with Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri. The prison also announced that it would change its previous policy and begin reviewing legal mail for its content. In response, the Chief\",\n \"title\": \"Ammar al-Baluchi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10362036\",\n \"text\": \"centered on economic questions. Retaliation for unfair trade practices loomed on the horizon and threatened Brazilian exports of steel, orange juice, commuter aircraft, shoes and textiles. When President Sarney took office in 1985, political issues, such as Brazil's arms exports to Libya and Iran, again surfaced. Brazil's foreign debt moratorium and its refusal to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty caused the United States to put Brazil on its mandated blacklist, thereby restricting Brazil's access to certain U.S. technologies. On taking office in March, 1990 President Collor sought a quick reapproachment with the United States in order to begin an aggressive policy\",\n \"title\": \"Brazil–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8140294\",\n \"text\": \"town mayors soon issued meeting permits. The success of the miners' strike led the AA to hold a strike referendum in August in which 98 percent of its members favored a general steelworker strike to begin September 21. The September strike shut down half the steel industry. But the owners quickly turned public opinion against the AFL. A Red Scare had swept the United States in the wake of the Russian revolution of October 1917. The steel companies took advantage of the change in the political climate, publishing articles exposing Foster's past as a Wobblie and syndicalist. The steel companies\",\n \"title\": \"Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4137244\",\n \"text\": \"and firm we begin their defeat.\\\" Nevertheless, the after-effects of the First Red Scare were a major factor in the passage of the Immigration Act of 1924. First Red Scare The First Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events; real events included the Russian Revolution and anarchist bombings. At its height in 1919–1920, concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society and the alleged spread of communism and anarchism in the American labor movement fueled\",\n \"title\": \"First Red Scare\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20734772\",\n \"text\": \"were sworn in at Independence Hall in Philadelphia and convened their first organizing meeting to begin eight years of planning and organizing for the 250th national birthday celebration. Dilella estimated that the group would meet three or four times a year. The new commission consisted of 16 private citizens, including chairman DiLella; eight members of Congress and nine federal officials. The day before the meeting, the Daughters of the American Revolution, in partnership with the commission, held a tree-planting ceremony to introduce its “Pathway of the Patriots” along the Schuylkill River Trail. Project organizers expect to plant 250 new trees\",\n \"title\": \"United States Semiquincentennial\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6659305\",\n \"text\": \"United States men's national Australian rules football team The United States national Australian rules football team, nicknamed the Revolution, represents the United States of America in the sport of Australian rules football. The Revolution are named after the American Revolution (an event which gave the country separation from the British Empire) and wear the colors of the American flag. The team plays in international tournaments, including the Australian Football International Cup, as well as exhibition matches against other countries. The US national team has participated in every International Cup since its inception in 2002. The team's best result has been\",\n \"title\": \"United States men's national Australian rules football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14344219\",\n \"text\": \"assigned to the United States Third Army as part of the Occupation of the Rhineland in Germany. It returned to the United States in June 1919 and became part of the permanent United States Army Air Service in 1921, being re-designated as the 9th Squadron (Observation). The current United States Air Force unit which holds its lineage and history is the 9th Bomb Squadron, assigned to the 7th Operations Group, Dyess Air Force Base, Texas. The 9th Bomb Squadron origins begin on 30 May 1917, when Company E, Provisional Aviation School Squadron at Kelly Field, San Antonio Texas was designated\",\n \"title\": \"9th Aero Squadron\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6670396\",\n \"text\": \"24th Infantry guarded the Mexico–United States border to keep the Mexican Revolution from spilling onto U.S. soil. When it did, the 24th joined the \\\"Punitive Expedition\\\" under General Pershing and entered Mexico to fight Pancho Villa's forces. In 1919, rebels and troops of the Mexican government fought in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which borders the U.S. city of El Paso, Texas. The 24th Infantry crossed over again to engage the rebels, ensuring that no violence erupted across the U.S. border. During the nadir of American race relations and just months after America’s entry into World War I, the soldiers of this\",\n \"title\": \"24th Infantry Regiment (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7595013\",\n \"text\": \"Porfirio Díaz, documents conveyed from the U.S. Consulate in Mexico kept the Secretary of State in Washington, D.C. informed about Mexican affairs. The Secretary of State told President Taft of the buildup to possible regime change in Mexico, when Díaz was unable to control rebellions in various areas of Mexico. Initially, Taft did not want to intervene but wanted to keep the Díaz government in power to prevent problems with business relations between the two countries, such as the sales of oil between Mexico and the United States. U.S. Ambassador to Mexico H.L. Wilson helped to plot the February 1913\",\n \"title\": \"United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17950276\",\n \"text\": \"cases were recorded in Senegal, the United Kingdom and Sardinia. In addition, imported cases led to secondary infection of medical workers in the United States and Spain but did not spread further. The number of cases peaked in October 2014 and then began to decline gradually, following the commitment of substantial international resources. <section begin=casesasof /><section end=casesasof />, the World Health Organization (WHO) and respective governments reported a total of <section begin=cases />28,616<section end=cases /> suspected cases and <section begin=deaths />11,310<section end=deaths /> deaths<section begin=caserefs /><section end=caserefs /> (39.5%), though the WHO believes that this substantially understates the magnitude of\",\n \"title\": \"West African Ebola virus epidemic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2835310\",\n \"text\": \"communication between the council and each commission. These liaison persons are not commission members and cannot vote; though, they do have voice. The Presiding Bishop also appoints a staff member to assist each commission in its work. Either house may refer matters to a commission, but one house cannot instruct a commission to take any action without the consent of the other house. The American Revolution was very disruptive to the Episcopal churches in the United States. There had been no Anglican dioceses or bishops in the 13 colonies before the Revolution, thus when the American congregations were separated from\",\n \"title\": \"General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2728015\",\n \"text\": \"mountain, dubbed 'Mount Zeus', on its surface. On Earth, a period of relative peace has evolved between the United States, Soviet Union, and China, although a violent revolution has taken place in South Africa (now the United States of Southern Africa or USSA): the white population fled to Europe, taking most of the country's wealth with them and leaving the black population to rebuild the economy, which they did in a matter of weeks thanks to the country's diamond mines. Dr. Heywood Floyd, the protagonist of \\\"2010\\\", has suffered an accident and has become a permanent resident of an orbital\",\n \"title\": \"2061: Odyssey Three\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6616331\",\n \"text\": \"as did whaling and sea trading. New England writers and events in the region helped launch and sustain the American Revolution, and the American War of Independence began when fighting erupted between British troops and Massachusetts militia in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The region later became a stronghold of the conservative Federalist Party. By the 1840s, the region was the center of the American anti-slavery movement, and was the leading force in American literature and higher education. It was at the center of the Industrial Revolution in the United States, with many textile mills and machine shops operating\",\n \"title\": \"History of New England\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11290176\",\n \"text\": \"sought out these so-called 'deviants' within the public system, with the particular focus upon teachers. The persecution of gay teachers was driven by the popular belief that homosexuals did untold damage when around vulnerable young people as naive adolescents were considered easy prey to recruitment into homosexuality by perverse teachers attempting to unnaturally reproduce. In addition, male homosexuals were often seen as inherently more dangerous (particularly to children) than lesbians, due to stereotypes and societal prejudices. Many modern commentators on the gay sexual revolution in 1960s America allege that this area of the decade has been severely under emphasized, lacking\",\n \"title\": \"Sexual revolution in 1960s United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"870020\",\n \"text\": \"cheaper production of iron. However, the industrial revolution did not begin in any one place. Darby's iron smelting was but one small part of this generalised revolution and was soon superseded by the great iron-smelting areas. However, the bridge – being the first of its kind fabricated from cast iron, and one of the few which have survived to the present day – remains an important symbol representative of the dawn of the industrial age. The grandson of the first Abraham Darby, Abraham Darby III, built the bridge – originally designed by Thomas Farnolls Pritchard – to link the two\",\n \"title\": \"Ironbridge\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12452200\",\n \"text\": \"in Athens, Georgia, the University of Georgia received its charter from the state in 1785, making the University of Georgia the first state-chartered public university in the United States. As a result of this distinction UGA brands itself as the \\\"birthplace of the American system of higher education.\\\" A site was selected for the university, but it did not begin admitting students until 1801, six years after the University of North Carolina. The first graduation was held in 1804. The first building was completed in 1805. The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 provided that “learning . . . be duly\",\n \"title\": \"Oldest public university in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9766596\",\n \"text\": \"the Southern United States and industrial workers from Wisconsin's hinterlands and other parts of the United States, the city had acquired a dense population in the first half of the 20th century. As Milwaukee's suburbs proliferated and the population of the city center began to disperse, Milwaukee annexed and incorporated the surrounding lands, recapturing a portion of its departing tax base and simultaneously supplying these areas with much-needed city services. The first plan for Wisconsin's highway system, with an aim to improve Milwaukee's worsening automotive congestion, was submitted in 1945, although construction did not begin until the late 1950s. Milwaukee's\",\n \"title\": \"History of Milwaukee\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":89,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"90"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who played cosette in les miserables 25th anniversary"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Katie Hall"],"string":"[\n \"Katie Hall\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"16402176","text":"Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne. Originally, Camilla Kerslake had been selected to perform as Cosette; however, she was unable to attend. Katie Hall was selected in her place. Hall had previously acted as Cosette at the Queen's Theatre from 2009 and in the 25th Anniversary Tour production at the Barbican. Casts of the current London, international tour, and original 1985 London productions took part, comprising an ensemble of three hundred performers and musicians. The orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell, who also conducted the 10th Anniversary performance in Royal Albert Hall in 1995. For the encore, four","title":"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary"},{"docid":"16402175","text":"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary was performed and filmed at The O2 in North Greenwich, London, England on Sunday, 3 October 2010 at 1:30 pm and 7:00 pm. It marked the anniversary of the West End production of \"Les Misérables\" the musical. It featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Nick Jonas as Marius, Katie Hall as Cosette, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Mia Jenkins as Young Cosette, Robert Madge as Gavroche, Matt Lucas and Jenny Galloway as the Thénardiers, and","title":"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary"},{"docid":"16402176","text":"Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne. Originally, Camilla Kerslake had been selected to perform as Cosette; however, she was unable to attend. Katie Hall was selected in her place. Hall had previously acted as Cosette at the Queen's Theatre from 2009 and in the 25th Anniversary Tour production at the Barbican. Casts of the current London, international tour, and original 1985 London productions took part, comprising an ensemble of three hundred performers and musicians. The orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell, who also conducted the 10th Anniversary performance in Royal Albert Hall in 1995. For the encore, four","title":"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary"},{"docid":"19903670","text":"Misérables\". In 2015, she was chosen by the English National Opera to play Johanna Barker in . In 2018, she will play Fantine in the UK and Ireland Tour of \"Les Misérables\". Katie Hall (actress) Katie Hall is an English actress and soprano. She was born in Oakham, Rutland in the English East Midlands on August 31, 1990. She attended private school at Oakham and went on to become a graduate of the National Youth Music Theatre. Her parents, John Graham Hall and Helen Williams, were both professional opera singers. She played Cosette in the 2010 25th-anniversary version of \"Les","title":"Katie Hall (actress)"},{"docid":"1793720","text":"The 25th Anniversary Concert of the West End production was held at The O2 in North Greenwich, South East London, United Kingdom, on Sunday, 3 October 2010 at 1:30 pm and 7:00 pm. It featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Nick Jonas as Marius, Katie Hall as Cosette (in place of Camilla Kerslake, who was unable to attend), Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Matt Lucas as Thénardier, Mia Jenkins as Young Cosette, Robert Madge as Gavroche and Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne.","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"19903669","text":"Katie Hall (actress) Katie Hall is an English actress and soprano. She was born in Oakham, Rutland in the English East Midlands on August 31, 1990. She attended private school at Oakham and went on to become a graduate of the National Youth Music Theatre. Her parents, John Graham Hall and Helen Williams, were both professional opera singers. She played Cosette in the 2010 25th-anniversary version of \"Les Misérables\" at The O2 Arena and Christine in \"The Phantom of the Opera\" in the UK tour in 2012. She also had a small cameo in the 2012 film production of \"Les","title":"Katie Hall (actress)"},{"docid":"1793712","text":"as Marius, Ashley Artus as Thénardier, Lynne Wilmot as Madame Thénardier, Madalena Alberto as Fantine, Rosalind James as Éponine, Jon Robyns as Enjolras, Katie Hall as Cosette (with Eliza Jones as Young Cosette), and David Lawrence as the Bishop of Digne. The tour ended 2 October 2010, at the Barbican. In the fall of 2010, the tour moved to the US with a new company presented by Broadway Across America to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the show opening on Broadway. The tour had its opening on 19 November 2010 at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, New Jersey, running","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"1793710","text":"25th Anniversary production) will begin at Curve, Leciester from 3 to 24 November 2018, before touring to the Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin (5 December to 12 January 2019), Edinburgh Festival Theatre (22 January to 16 February) and Palace Theatre, Manchester (19 February to 30 March). Further tour venues are to be confirmed. The cast had Killian Donnelly (Jean Valjean), Nic Greenshields (Javert), Katie Hall (Fantine), Tegan Bannister (Éponine), Bronwen Hanson (Cosette), Harry Apps (Marius), Martin Ball (Thénardier), Sophie-Louise Dann (Madame Thénardier) and Will Richardson (Enjolras). A tour to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the show began performances on 12","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"1793744","text":"Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Nick Jonas as Marius, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Katie Hall as Cosette, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Hadley Fraser as Grantaire, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Matt Lucas as Monsieur Thénardier and Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier. There are also various non-English language cast albums of the musical. Les Miserables Reviews Box Office Theatre Ltd. Retrieved 2016-07-12 Les Misérables (musical) Les Misérables (; ), colloquially known in English-speaking countries as Les Mis or Les Miz (), is a sung-through musical based on the 1862 novel of the same name by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo.","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"3393303","text":"summer, titled \"The Michael Ball Show\". The 25th Anniversary Concert of \"Les Misérables\" was held at The O2 Arena in North Greenwich on 3 October 2010 at 1:30 p.m. and 7 p.m. It featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Hadley Fraser as Grantaire, Katie Hall as Cosette, Matt Lucas as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Nick Jonas as Marius, the role Ball delivered in the original London production. Casts of the current London, international tour and original 1985 London productions took part, comprising","title":"Michael Ball (singer)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"16402176\",\n \"text\": \"Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne. Originally, Camilla Kerslake had been selected to perform as Cosette; however, she was unable to attend. Katie Hall was selected in her place. Hall had previously acted as Cosette at the Queen's Theatre from 2009 and in the 25th Anniversary Tour production at the Barbican. Casts of the current London, international tour, and original 1985 London productions took part, comprising an ensemble of three hundred performers and musicians. The orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell, who also conducted the 10th Anniversary performance in Royal Albert Hall in 1995. For the encore, four\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16402175\",\n \"text\": \"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary was performed and filmed at The O2 in North Greenwich, London, England on Sunday, 3 October 2010 at 1:30 pm and 7:00 pm. It marked the anniversary of the West End production of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" the musical. It featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Nick Jonas as Marius, Katie Hall as Cosette, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Mia Jenkins as Young Cosette, Robert Madge as Gavroche, Matt Lucas and Jenny Galloway as the Thénardiers, and\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16402176\",\n \"text\": \"Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne. Originally, Camilla Kerslake had been selected to perform as Cosette; however, she was unable to attend. Katie Hall was selected in her place. Hall had previously acted as Cosette at the Queen's Theatre from 2009 and in the 25th Anniversary Tour production at the Barbican. Casts of the current London, international tour, and original 1985 London productions took part, comprising an ensemble of three hundred performers and musicians. The orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell, who also conducted the 10th Anniversary performance in Royal Albert Hall in 1995. For the encore, four\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19903670\",\n \"text\": \"Misérables\\\". In 2015, she was chosen by the English National Opera to play Johanna Barker in . In 2018, she will play Fantine in the UK and Ireland Tour of \\\"Les Misérables\\\". Katie Hall (actress) Katie Hall is an English actress and soprano. She was born in Oakham, Rutland in the English East Midlands on August 31, 1990. She attended private school at Oakham and went on to become a graduate of the National Youth Music Theatre. Her parents, John Graham Hall and Helen Williams, were both professional opera singers. She played Cosette in the 2010 25th-anniversary version of \\\"Les\",\n \"title\": \"Katie Hall (actress)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793720\",\n \"text\": \"The 25th Anniversary Concert of the West End production was held at The O2 in North Greenwich, South East London, United Kingdom, on Sunday, 3 October 2010 at 1:30 pm and 7:00 pm. It featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Nick Jonas as Marius, Katie Hall as Cosette (in place of Camilla Kerslake, who was unable to attend), Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Matt Lucas as Thénardier, Mia Jenkins as Young Cosette, Robert Madge as Gavroche and Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne.\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19903669\",\n \"text\": \"Katie Hall (actress) Katie Hall is an English actress and soprano. She was born in Oakham, Rutland in the English East Midlands on August 31, 1990. She attended private school at Oakham and went on to become a graduate of the National Youth Music Theatre. Her parents, John Graham Hall and Helen Williams, were both professional opera singers. She played Cosette in the 2010 25th-anniversary version of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" at The O2 Arena and Christine in \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" in the UK tour in 2012. She also had a small cameo in the 2012 film production of \\\"Les\",\n \"title\": \"Katie Hall (actress)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793712\",\n \"text\": \"as Marius, Ashley Artus as Thénardier, Lynne Wilmot as Madame Thénardier, Madalena Alberto as Fantine, Rosalind James as Éponine, Jon Robyns as Enjolras, Katie Hall as Cosette (with Eliza Jones as Young Cosette), and David Lawrence as the Bishop of Digne. The tour ended 2 October 2010, at the Barbican. In the fall of 2010, the tour moved to the US with a new company presented by Broadway Across America to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the show opening on Broadway. The tour had its opening on 19 November 2010 at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, New Jersey, running\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793710\",\n \"text\": \"25th Anniversary production) will begin at Curve, Leciester from 3 to 24 November 2018, before touring to the Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin (5 December to 12 January 2019), Edinburgh Festival Theatre (22 January to 16 February) and Palace Theatre, Manchester (19 February to 30 March). Further tour venues are to be confirmed. The cast had Killian Donnelly (Jean Valjean), Nic Greenshields (Javert), Katie Hall (Fantine), Tegan Bannister (Éponine), Bronwen Hanson (Cosette), Harry Apps (Marius), Martin Ball (Thénardier), Sophie-Louise Dann (Madame Thénardier) and Will Richardson (Enjolras). A tour to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the show began performances on 12\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793744\",\n \"text\": \"Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Nick Jonas as Marius, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Katie Hall as Cosette, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Hadley Fraser as Grantaire, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Matt Lucas as Monsieur Thénardier and Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier. There are also various non-English language cast albums of the musical. Les Miserables Reviews Box Office Theatre Ltd. Retrieved 2016-07-12 Les Misérables (musical) Les Misérables (; ), colloquially known in English-speaking countries as Les Mis or Les Miz (), is a sung-through musical based on the 1862 novel of the same name by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo.\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3393303\",\n \"text\": \"summer, titled \\\"The Michael Ball Show\\\". The 25th Anniversary Concert of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" was held at The O2 Arena in North Greenwich on 3 October 2010 at 1:30 p.m. and 7 p.m. It featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Hadley Fraser as Grantaire, Katie Hall as Cosette, Matt Lucas as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Nick Jonas as Marius, the role Ball delivered in the original London production. Casts of the current London, international tour and original 1985 London productions took part, comprising\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Ball (singer)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"17380344","text":"Ballentine played the role of the youngest daughter, Francis Perks. She continued with her stage career with the leading role of Felicia in \"Numbers\", a 2012 Toronto Fringe Festival play for which she received rave reviews. In 2013 she returned to Mirvish Productions to play the role of Little Cosette / Young Eponine in the highly acclaimed 25th Anniversary production of \"Les Miserables\". Ballentine's film acting debut occurred in \"Baby's First Christmas\" for Hallmark Channel in 2012 where she played Kate, one of the main characters. The TV movie was directed by , and featured Casper Van Dien, Rachel Wilson,","title":"Ella Ballentine"},{"docid":"19049619","text":"Cosette (given name) Cosette is a feminine given name, is pronounced koh-ZETT. It is of French origin, is best known as the heroine of \"\"Les Misérables\"\" (1862) by Victor Hugo, Cosette was the nickname given to the girl named Euphrasie by her mother. Cosette in modern name dictionaries give the meaning as \"victorious,\" but it doesn't appear to have been in use as a first name until after Hugo published Les Miserables, although \"Cozette\" sometimes appeared as a surname. Victor Hugo said he created Cosette from \"chosette\", meaning \"little thing\" in French. Literary: in Victor Hugo's musical \"Les Misérables\", Cosette","title":"Cosette (given name)"},{"docid":"9048483","text":"graduate of Yale University. During her freshman year, Errico was asked to audition for the role of Cosette while trying out for a different show, and was cast. Errico took a leave of absence from Yale and performed in a tour of \"Les Misérables\" before returning and graduating with an honors degree in art history and philosophy. Errico is also a graduate of the BADA program at Oxford University. Errico played Cosette in \"Les Miserables\" on a national tour. She also played Eliza Doolittle in \"My Fair Lady\" on Broadway, opposite Richard Chamberlain and Julian Holloway, at the Virginia Theater.","title":"Melissa Errico"},{"docid":"20562936","text":"sparking an entire novel, and making writing a major part of her career. Sharon Wheatley made her Broadway debut as a swing in 1994, in the original Broadway production of \"Les Miserables\" directed by Trevor Nunn and John Caird. Before joining the Broadway company of Les Miserables, Wheatley traveled nationally as part of the touring company where she was a member of the ensemble and understudied the roles of both Eponine and Cosette. Additional credits include: <nowiki>*</nowiki>Original Broadway cast <nowiki>**</nowiki>Closing company Wheatley holds the distinction of being the only actress to appear in \"Les Miserables\", \"The Phantom of the Opera\"","title":"Sharon Wheatley"},{"docid":"15822098","text":"Madalena Alberto Madalena Alberto (born in Lisbon, Portugal) is an actress, singer and composer who has developed her career in the West End. Alberto received rave reviews for her role as Eva Perón in Evita (musical) in the West End (16 September - 1 November 2014), where the show arrived after a successful UK Tour. Alberto played the role of Fantine in the acclaimed 25th Anniversary production of Les Miserables with rave reviews. Her professional debut was in \"Aladdin\" at the Old Vic, London, with Sir Ian McKellen (2005). She has developed her career mainly in Musical Theatre performing the","title":"Madalena Alberto"},{"docid":"1793736","text":"Original Broadway Cast, the Complete Symphonic Recording, the 10th Anniversary London Concert, The 25th Anniversary UK Tour Cast and The 25th Anniversary London Concert. The Original London Cast recording was the first English language album of the musical. Recorded in 1985, when the show premiered, it is closest to the original French concept album. For example, \"Stars\" appears before \"Look Down\" and shortly after, the original version of \"Little People\" plays, which was later incorporated into the revealing of Javert. It also features a song entitled \"I Saw Him Once\", sung by Cosette, which was later incorporated into the first","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"15900559","text":"tour's Nancy, Samantha Barks, who had played Éponine in the West End production and in the 25th Anniversary concert, would reprise the role in the film. Barks had been auditioning for 15 weeks by that point. Originally, an unknown was sought for the role of Cosette, with an open casting call in New York City in December 2011. In January 2012, reports surfaced that Amanda Seyfried had been offered the role instead. Eddie Redmayne confirmed both Seyfried's casting and that of Bonham Carter as Madame Thénardier in an interview on 12 January. Hooper confirmed that he would stick to the","title":"Les Misérables (2012 film)"},{"docid":"1793700","text":"down production played at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto, Canada based on the 25th Anniversary touring production. Previews began on 27 September 2013 with the opening night on 9 October. The production closed on 2 February 2014. Co-directed by Lawrence Connor and James Powell, Laurence Olivier Award nominee, Ramin Karimloo, starred as Jean Valjean. He was joined by fellow West End star, Earl Carpenter, who reprised the role of Inspector Javert. Other cast members included Genevieve Leclerc as Fantine, Samantha Hill as Cosette, Melissa O'Neil as Éponine, Cliff Saunders as Monsieur Thenardier, Lisa Horner as Madame Thenardier, and","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"19377024","text":"It was also announced that Erika Ikuta has been chosen as the new Cosette in the 30th anniversary staging of \"Les Miserables\" in Japan. She done that in 2017 and will reprise the role in 2019. In the episode of Nogizaka46's variety show \"Nogizaka Under Construction\" aired last July 3, 2017, she was the winner of Kazumi Takayama's T-1, a competition amongst the members for the best omelet roll. It was considered a significant improvement on her cooking skills as she previously had zero knowledge in cooking as shown in the group's former variety show \"Nogizakatte, Doko?\" aired last 2011.","title":"Erika Ikuta"},{"docid":"17279789","text":"at school and fitting in, she stayed focused on her dreams of becoming successful in entertainment: \"I became very passionate about [becoming an actress and singer]. I fully immersed myself\". Her father died in 2011 when she was 15 years old. She changed her legal name to Dove in honor of her father who called her by that nickname. In 2007, Cameron played the role of a young Cosette in the Bainbridge Performings Arts stage production of \"Les Miserables\", and in 2008, she had the lead role of Mary in \"The Secret Garden\", again with BPA. In 2012, Cameron was","title":"Dove Cameron"},{"docid":"16037488","text":"and has an older brother, Russell, who graduated from the University of Delaware. She takes piano lessons and enjoys composing songs. Sonenclar is Jewish. Sonenclar began her professional career in 2006 in a stage adaptation of \"The Night of the Hunter\", at the New York Musical Theatre Festival, in which she played the lead role of Pearl. In that same year, she made her Broadway debut in \"Les Miserables\" as Young Cosette. In 2009, she appeared in the national tour of \"Little House on the Prairie, the Musical\", starring Melissa Gilbert, originating the principal role of Carrie. Sonenclar made her","title":"Carly Rose Sonenclar"},{"docid":"12882988","text":"Arena and also appeared in the \"Les Misérables\" sequences in the 2010 Royal Variety Performance at The London Palladium. Later that year, Beck returned to \"The Phantom of the Opera\" as an emergency cover for Christine on 23 December, co-starring with John Owen-Jones. Beck also played Cosette as a voice role in the Focus on the Family Radio Theatre production of \"Les Miserables\". Recently, Beck has supported the music of the young musical theatre composer, Steven Luke Walker. She has taken part in several workshops of his compositions for the musical based on the novel \"Little Women\" by Louisa May","title":"Gina Beck"},{"docid":"15822100","text":"Anniversary production of Les Miserables, that opened at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff on 22 December 2009 and ended at the Barbican Theatre, London on 2 October 2010. She also took part of the O2 Arena concert of Les Miserables. Alberto played the role of Sonia in Stephen Schwartz's \"Godspell\", which ran at the Union Theatre, London from 13 April to 7 May 2011 directed by Michael Strassen. She also played the role of Lucy in the first London production of Frank Wildhorn's \"JEKYLL AND HYDE\" produced by Morphic Graffiti, that ran at the Union Theatre from 16 May","title":"Madalena Alberto"},{"docid":"13293650","text":"earlier encounter. Javert prepares to kill Valjean but suddenly disappears into the darkness of the sewers. He commits suicide by jumping into the Seine. The film ends with the wedding of Cosette and Marius, attended only by Valjean and Gillenormand. The film was produced by Norman Rosemont who specialised in period adaptations of classic novels for television. He found it difficult to raise financing for the first few and spent two years raising the money for \"Les Miserables\". NBC turned it down out of fear Americans would not understand the title. Eventually money was raised from CBS and IBM. The","title":"Les Misérables (1978 film)"},{"docid":"7638766","text":"(Adelphi), Monteen in \"Parade\" (Donmar Warehouse), Luisa in the new revival of \"The Fantasticks\" (Duchess), and Laura in \"Dreamboats and Petticoats\" (Playhouse 2010) She is currently playing songwriter Cynthia Weil in the Carole King Musical \"Beautiful\" (Aldwych), for which she won an Olivier Award. She also appeared in the \"I Dream\" comedy series, along with a popular teen group S Club 8, where she played Natalie. Regional work and touring includes- Young Cosette in \"Les Miserables\" (Birmingham Hippodrome 1997), Ariel Moore in \"Footloose\" (UK Tours 2006 and 2011) Gabriella in the original British cast of \"High School Musical\" (UK Tour","title":"Lorna Want"},{"docid":"10806482","text":"got married and has two daughters (born in 2001 and 2003). From 1997 till 1999 She played Cosette in Les Miserables. In 2005, Hayami teamed up with fellow former teen idol Chiemi Hori and Iyo Matsumoto to form the trio, \"Cutie Mummy\". The short-lived band released 2 singles and disbanded after Hori decided to call it off. In 2008, she starred as the Captain General in the Tokusatsu series \"\". On 13 Jan 2016, while filming a travel programme with Iyo Matsumoto, both of them allegedly trespassed onto the track of the Sanin Main Line near Saga-Arashiyama Station in Kyoto","title":"Yū Hayami"},{"docid":"16835612","text":"student theatre and graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Creative Arts – Theatre. Borman returned to the UK from Australia in 2008 and is currently based in Bristol. Miranda Borman Miranda Louise Borman (born 5 March 1981) is a British television and stage actress. Borman first gained prominence in the late 1980s with roles in \"Doctor Who\" (as Stellar in the 1987 Sylvester McCoy story \"Dragonfire\") and the London West End run of the musical \"Les Miserables\" (as Young Cosette). Borman's family later moved to Australia where she continued to pursue acting, being nominated in 1999 for a Music","title":"Miranda Borman"},{"docid":"16835611","text":"Miranda Borman Miranda Louise Borman (born 5 March 1981) is a British television and stage actress. Borman first gained prominence in the late 1980s with roles in \"Doctor Who\" (as Stellar in the 1987 Sylvester McCoy story \"Dragonfire\") and the London West End run of the musical \"Les Miserables\" (as Young Cosette). Borman's family later moved to Australia where she continued to pursue acting, being nominated in 1999 for a Music Theatre Guild of Victoria award for a community theatre production of \"You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown\". Borman later studied at the University of Melbourne where she participated in","title":"Miranda Borman"},{"docid":"9864250","text":"her BFA in acting from Boston University. In 2004, Donovan married broadway stagehand Peter Donovan, who most recently worked on the broadway company of \"Billy Elliot\" and is presently preparing \"Nice Work If You Can Get It\". Donovan's career started before she graduated from college. During her senior year, she received her Equity Card standing by for Carolee Carmello in the Boston Company of \"Nite Club Confidential\" starring Scott Bakula. Shortly after graduation, she auditioned for the National Tour of \"Les Miserables\" through an \"open call\" and was cast as Cosette. She went on to originate that role in the","title":"Jacquelyn Piro Donovan"},{"docid":"1521343","text":"post of majordomo, who usually was in charge of finances. Additionally, the Hispanos of New Mexico use this term to refer to the manager of an acequia system for a town or valley. The origin is from \"maior domūs\" (Latin, \"principal\" and \"house\"), and it was borrowed into English from Spanish \"mayordomo\" or obsolete Italian \"maiordomo\". Also found as French \"majordome\", modern Italian \"maggiordomo\", Portuguese and Galician \"mordomo\", in Romanian and Catalan \"majordom\". In \"Les Miserables\", Major Domo oversees proceedings at the wedding of Marius and Cosette, in the stage version, introducing M. and Mme. Thenardier to the wedding waltzers.","title":"Majordomo"},{"docid":"6990432","text":"coloured soundscapes. The Norwegian media responded well to this released; most magazines gave it four- and even five-star ratings. In September 2008, Guldbrandsen portrayed Cosette in \"Les Miserables\" in 100 performances in Bergen, Norway. 35.000 tickets were sold before the premiere. Only three weeks after the opening night, this musical experienced a huge success. All tickets for the musical were sold out, and Guldbrandsen and the rest of the ensemble also performed on New Year's Eve. Now more than 42000 people have seen \"Les Misérables\" on Den Nationale Scene (The National Scene) in Bergen. The reviews were extremely positive and","title":"Christine Guldbrandsen"},{"docid":"9544983","text":"On 1 and 2 October 2011 Fraser played Raoul in the 25th Anniversary staging of \"The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall\" in London. He costarred alongside Ramin Karimloo and Sierra Boggess, who played the Phantom and Christine, respectively. Fraser also costarred with Karimloo in the 25th Anniversary concert of \"Les Misérables\". Hadley has written music for a band called \"Sheytoons\" with Karimloo, including \"Heading West\" and \"Driftwood.\" Fraser appeared in the film adaptation of \"Les Misérables\", as the Army General of the National Guard. Fraser appeared aside Tom Hiddleston in the Donmar Warehouse's production of Coriolanus","title":"Hadley Fraser"},{"docid":"16402177","text":"Jean Valjeans sang \"Bring Him Home\": Colm Wilkinson from the original London cast, John Owen-Jones from the 25th Anniversary touring production, Simon Bowman from the current London cast, and Alfie Boe, who sang the role in the concert. The original 1985 cast (excepting David Burt, who had played Enjolras who states he can no longer sing the part) then led the ensemble in a performance of \"One Day More\". After speeches from Cameron Mackintosh, Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg, the performance concluded with students from school productions of \"Les Misérables\" entering the arena through the audience and joining the casts","title":"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary"},{"docid":"4363413","text":"on September 7, 2010. He replaced John Cudia in the role. This is Panaro's third time playing The Phantom in this production. In January 2013, he performed the role of the Phantom in the Broadway production's 25th anniversary. He took a break from Phantom from April until the end of August 2013. During this time, he reprised the role of Jean Valjean at The Muny in the St. Louis in their production of Les Miserables, alongside Norm Lewis as Javert. Panaro won a St. Louis Theater Circle Award for his portrayal of Valjean. Afterwards, he returned to the Majestic stage","title":"Hugh Panaro"},{"docid":"18850176","text":"the 30th longest running show in Broadway history. Lyn's role as associate director of Mary Poppins came to an end in early 2013. 2,619 performances were made over six-year period on Broadway. Within a couple of months of his role of director Mary Poppins, Lyn became the associate director of Les Miserables during the year of its 25th year anniversary. Anthony Lyn Anthony Lyn is a Welsh theatrical director and actor, originally from Swansea in South Wales. During his early life, he performed in numerous shows at the Grand Theatre in Swansea. As an actor appeared in London's West End","title":"Anthony Lyn"},{"docid":"18850169","text":"musical on Broadway in 2006. The show ran until 2013, becoming the 30th longest running play in Broadway history. Subsequently, Directing two US tours as well as Productions in Mexico City and Vienna. Lyn was Associate Director of the US 25th Anniversary Production of Les Miserables, as well as the Canadian revival and the most recent Broadway revival at the Imperial Theatre New York. Early in 2016 he staged the first Madarin speaking version of Disney’s The Lion King at the Disney Grand Theatre in Shanghai and in the spring of 2018 he staged an International Tour of the same","title":"Anthony Lyn"},{"docid":"7206263","text":"personality, and a Spanish/Chinese/Filipino (Mestizo) jazz pianist and arranger. She is one of six artist siblings. She was raised in Sydney, Melbourne and Hong Kong/South East Asia. She also lived and went to school and trained in London and New York. She performed in many musicals such as \"Cats\" the Musical, \"Miss Saigon\", The Music of Lloyd Webber Concert Tour (understudying Sarah Brightman), \"Oh What A Night\", \"25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\", as the lead Frugue girl in \"Sweet Charity\", and took the role of Eponine in the 10th Anniversary Australasian Tour of \"Les Miserables\". In 1998, Mendoza formed","title":"Natalie Mendoza"},{"docid":"14318569","text":"Enjolras in the Spanish production of 25th anniversary edition of \"Les Misérables\", that was staged at Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid (season 2010-2011) and at Barcelona Teatre Musical in Barcelona (season 2011-2012)\". In 2011, together with fellow male cast members of \"Los Miserables\" David Ordinas, Gerónimo Rauch and Ignasi Vidal, he created, produced and starred in the concert show \"Póker de Voces\". On 18 July 2011 Gerónimo Rauch was replaced by Pablo Puyol and on 3 June 2012 Ignasi Vidal was replaced by Paco Arrojo. The last concert of \"Póker de Voces\" was held in Xàtiva on 21 July","title":"Daniel Diges"},{"docid":"13607845","text":"has lit many productions, including Vienna State Opera and Finnish National Opera where the lighting took the place of the scenery. He lit Derek Deane’s large scale production of Swan Lake for the English National Ballet at the Royal Albert Hall. He created the lighting for the Les Miserables and Phantom of the Opera 25th Anniversary Concerts for Cameron Mackintosh and has lit arena spectacles that include Ben Hur, Batman Live and Jesus Christ Superstar for Andrew Lloyd Webber. He also lit the Queen's Jubilee concert in 2002 that took place in the gardens at Buckingham Palace. He has been","title":"Patrick Woodroffe (lighting designer)"},{"docid":"5840559","text":"He was accompanied by his former broadway co-star, Craig Schulman, who reprised his role as Valjean. The show was directed by Dave Clemmons, who played Valjean opposite Wagner during the U.S. National Tour. In May 2014 he played Javert in \"Les Miserables\" for Studio Tenn with the Nashville Symphony at the Schermerhorn Symphony Center. In June 2014 he appeared as Jean Valjean in \"Les Miserables\" at the Lyric Theatre in Oklahoma City in a production featuring a 100 voice chorus. In 2010, while at home in Pensacola Beach, Florida, he joined the response to the BP oil spill helping to","title":"Chuck Wagner"},{"docid":"15811241","text":"she wanted to expand her career into singing and acting also. After playing roles such as Peron's Mistress in Evita, Sybil in Private Lives and Cosette in Les Miserables, all in Australia, Combe then made her West End debut in the world premiere production of Sunset Boulevard. It was in London that she met the father of her daughter. Her daughter was born in 2000 in London Eastenders, Rochelle, BBC, Dir: John Dower The Royals (TV series), (Season 3) Lady Jane Doctors, Laura Bowles Miller, BBC, Dir: Graham Sherrington Holby City, Margarhita, BBC Salsa \"Industry pilot\", Gail, Luvchild Productions, Dir:Lorrie","title":"Anita Louise Combe"},{"docid":"12882993","text":"End production of Matilda the Musical. Gina Beck Gina Beck (born 30 December 1981) is an English actress and singer known primarily for playing major roles in leading West End theatre productions. She is best known for playing the role of Miss Honey in the RSC’s production of \"Matilda\", Magnolia Hawks in Daniel Evans' acclaimed production of \"Show Boat\", Glinda the Good Witch in \"Wicked\", both in the UK production and the US tour, Christine Daaé in Cameron Mackintosh's production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Phantom of the Opera\" and Cosette in \"Les Miserables\". Gina Beck was born in High","title":"Gina Beck"},{"docid":"12882981","text":"Gina Beck Gina Beck (born 30 December 1981) is an English actress and singer known primarily for playing major roles in leading West End theatre productions. She is best known for playing the role of Miss Honey in the RSC’s production of \"Matilda\", Magnolia Hawks in Daniel Evans' acclaimed production of \"Show Boat\", Glinda the Good Witch in \"Wicked\", both in the UK production and the US tour, Christine Daaé in Cameron Mackintosh's production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Phantom of the Opera\" and Cosette in \"Les Miserables\". Gina Beck was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England, but moved to","title":"Gina Beck"},{"docid":"17270058","text":"2008. Isabeau Méndez Isabeau Mendez (born March 31, 1990) is a musical theater actress, television hostess, singer and model. Born in Miami Beach, Florida, and raised in Panama, she has performed acting roles in stage productions such as Cosette in Les Miserables Panama, Tinkerbell in Peter Pan, Elle Woods in Legally Blonde, among other roles in the musicals Aladdin, Victor/Victoria, Beauty and the Beast and Fiddler On The Roof. On television, Isabeau has appeared on several reality shows and soap operas such as Los Brownies, Sueños de Verano, Cantando por un Sueño, La Ultima Hora, Lobby T.V. and ¿Quien T.V.?","title":"Isabeau Méndez"},{"docid":"17270057","text":"Isabeau Méndez Isabeau Mendez (born March 31, 1990) is a musical theater actress, television hostess, singer and model. Born in Miami Beach, Florida, and raised in Panama, she has performed acting roles in stage productions such as Cosette in Les Miserables Panama, Tinkerbell in Peter Pan, Elle Woods in Legally Blonde, among other roles in the musicals Aladdin, Victor/Victoria, Beauty and the Beast and Fiddler On The Roof. On television, Isabeau has appeared on several reality shows and soap operas such as Los Brownies, Sueños de Verano, Cantando por un Sueño, La Ultima Hora, Lobby T.V. and ¿Quien T.V.? since","title":"Isabeau Méndez"},{"docid":"14178487","text":"Donna Vivino Donna Vivino is an American actress and singer most recently nominated for a 2018 Los Angeles Ovation Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Mary Flynn in \"Merrily We Roll Along\" Directed by Michael Arden. She performed as Elphaba in \"Wicked\" on Broadway, previously seen starring in the role on the 1st National Tour. She was the original Young Cosette in Les Miserables on Broadway and on the cast recording. She starred on Broadway in \"Fame Becomes Me\" with Martin Short and was also on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and \"Saturday Night Fever\". She plays","title":"Donna Vivino"},{"docid":"13834713","text":"solos for Karl Jenkins' CD for Christmas 2009, released on EMI Classics in Autumn 2009. At her school she starred in the musical \"Les Miserables\" in the role of Cosette. She is working on the play Into the Woods, with the role of Cinderella. Alice Halstead Alice Halstead is a chorister at St. Alphege's Church, Solihull. She won the title of \"BBC Radio 2 Young Chorister of the Year 2008\" in front of an audience of over 1,000 people in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, in October 2008. Halstead has since performed on UK national radio and television. Halstead appeared on","title":"Alice Halstead"},{"docid":"15811244","text":"after opening night), Constance Lloyd, George Bernard Shaw Theatre, London, Dir: Mike Read Hello Again London Premiere, The Actress, Bridewell Theatre, London, Dir: Clive Paget Saturday Night Fever (musical), Created role of: Stephanie Mangano, London Palladium, Dir: Arlene Phillips La Boheme World Premiere MTL production, Mimi, Dir: Tony Britten Sunset Boulevard World Premiere Production, Betty Schaefer, Adelphi Theatre, London, Dir: Sir Trevor Nunn Sunset Boulevard Canadian Premiere, Betty Schaefer, Toronto & Vancouver, Dir: Sir Trevor Nunn Les Miserables, Cosette, Australian Production, Dir: Gayle Edwards Evita, Peron’s Mistress, State Theatre, Sydney, Dir: Tom Guerra CATS Australian Premiere, Sillabub, Theatre Royal, Sydney,","title":"Anita Louise Combe"},{"docid":"11150404","text":"Madeleine Martin Madeleine Elizabeth Martin (born April 15, 1993) is an American-Canadian actress, best known for her role as the character Rebecca \"Becca\" Moody on Showtime comedy-drama \"Californication\". Martin grew up in New York City, United States. As her mother is from Canada, Martin has dual citizenship of both countries. She is a student at the School of American Ballet.. Martin was Homeschooled. At age seven, Martin appeared in the Broadway National Tour of \"The Sound of Music\" with Richard Chamberlain. Two years later she portrayed young Cosette in the Broadway National Tour of \"Les Miserables\". She appeared on Broadway","title":"Madeleine Martin"},{"docid":"10523224","text":"Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, Philip Quast as Inspector Javert, Michael Ball as Marius Pontmercy, Lea Salonga as Éponine, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, and several others, and was directed by John Caird. The performers were chosen from the London, Broadway and Australian productions of the show and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell. It also aired on PBS part of the Great Performances series. The 10th anniversary concert of \"Les Misérables\"","title":"Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert"},{"docid":"20836348","text":"\"Vive la République,\" or \"Long Live the Republic,\" and chooses to die with him, hand in hand. Grantaire has appeared in many adaptions of Les Miserables, including a role in the musical, in which he is portrayed as a skeptical drunkard. He is to be played by Turlough Convery in the upcoming BBC miniseries Grantaire Grantaire () is a fictional character from the 1862 novel Les Miserables by Victor Hugo. He acts as a skeptic in a revolutionary group known as the Friends of the ABC. Grantaire is described as \"particularly ugly\" or \"inordinately homely,\"The opposite of Enjolras, who was","title":"Grantaire"},{"docid":"19436561","text":"genre of the musical. First there were the role of Lucentio ( «Kiss me Kate» (1999-2001), and the bug Phoebus ( «Der Glöckner von Notre Dame» (2001-2002). His most well-known role was in the musical \"Les Miserables» ( «Les miserables»), based on the novel by Victor Hugo. 30-year-old Oleg Vinnik played the role of Jean Valjean (Jean Valjean) - the hero, who in the beginning of the musical 46, and in the final - 80 years. Another important role was the Black Prince - Death (Der Tod) in the musical \"Elizabeth» ( «Elisabeth»). Since 2011 Oleg Vinnik concentrated on his","title":"Oleg Vinnik"},{"docid":"16249460","text":"to watch online. Reelkandi was founded by Earl Carpenter, a West End theatre stage actor who played the lead role in \"The Phantom of the Opera\" and who in August 2014 featured in the Broadway version of \"Les Misérables\". Earl Carpenter Earl Carpenter (born 9 May 1970) is an English musical theatre actor, recognised chiefly for his work in London's West End. He is known for his performances as Javert in the stage musical \"Les Misérables\" and as the Phantom in the London production of \"The Phantom of the Opera\". He recently starred played the Phantom in the 25th Anniversary","title":"Earl Carpenter"},{"docid":"13492854","text":"You\". Sabrina Aloueche Sabrina Aloueche is an English musical theatre actress. She is best known for playing the character 'Scaramouche' in the Queen musical \"We Will Rock You\". Aloueche has played two characters in two London productions of \"Les Misérables\", firstly Young Cosette at the Palace Theatre and then she played the part of Eponine at the Queen’s Theatre where she was also cast to play the same part in the 21st anniversary show that was recorded for a BBC radio broadcast. On 1 October 2007, Aloueche began her run as Scaramouche in Ben Elton and Brian May’s \"We Will","title":"Sabrina Aloueche"},{"docid":"13492853","text":"Sabrina Aloueche Sabrina Aloueche is an English musical theatre actress. She is best known for playing the character 'Scaramouche' in the Queen musical \"We Will Rock You\". Aloueche has played two characters in two London productions of \"Les Misérables\", firstly Young Cosette at the Palace Theatre and then she played the part of Eponine at the Queen’s Theatre where she was also cast to play the same part in the 21st anniversary show that was recorded for a BBC radio broadcast. On 1 October 2007, Aloueche began her run as Scaramouche in Ben Elton and Brian May’s \"We Will Rock","title":"Sabrina Aloueche"},{"docid":"16402178","text":"for \"The Finale\". The evening concert was shown live in cinemas across the UK, Ireland and around the world. The end credits of the concert confirmed an adaptation of the stage musical for 2012 release. A Blu-ray and DVD version of the O2 broadcast was released on 29 November 2010 in the UK (PAL DVD (Region 2) and Blu-ray). It was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray on 22 February 2011. Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary was performed and filmed at The O2 in North Greenwich, London, England on","title":"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary"},{"docid":"9089298","text":"Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette It premiered across Japan from January 7, 2007 on Fuji TV's BS Fuji broadcast satellite network, and contains fifty-two episodes; of twenty-six each. It also aired in Japan on Animax from April 2007. Set in nineteenth century-era France, the series begins with Cosette, a three-year-old girl, traveling with her mother Fantine, who is trying to find a job and a place to live, but have always been shunned away due to few employers hiring single mothers. When her mother is promised with the prosperity of working in the big city, Cosette is separated from her in","title":"Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette"},{"docid":"9089299","text":"the hopes a caretaker named Thénardier will watch over her while her mother earns some money. Unfortunately, this was a trick and the caretaker is a corrupt man who makes Cosette his indentured servant, or more precisely: his slave. Then, the kind mayor—formerly a convict named Jean Valjean—of the town that Cosette makes her new home in, sees how winds of change are so detrimental for children and families, and decides to do something about it, but forces Cosette to go on the run to escape his returning, difficult past. The anime was dubbed and broadcast in: Les Misérables: Shōjo","title":"Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette"},{"docid":"18850173","text":"the cast for the play Oklahoma! at the Manchester Opera House. His first major play in the London theatre came in 1989 after he auditioned for Anything Goes. He played alongside John Barrowman and Bernard Cribbins during his time performing the show. After a spending a couple of years performing outside the UK, Lyn returned to perform Les Miserables in 1992. In the early 1990s, Lyn was also involved in the foundation of West End Cares. After performing in Les Miserables, he played the role of Ruben in the United Kingdom tour of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, which","title":"Anthony Lyn"},{"docid":"2767161","text":"Chabert was born in Purvis, Mississippi, to Julie (née Johnson) and Tony Chabert. Her father is of Cajun, Italian, and English descent; he worked as a maintenance operations representative for an oil company. Her mother has English, Scottish, and remote Italian ancestry. Chabert has a younger brother named T.J., and two older sisters, Chrissy and Wendy. She was \"World's Baby Petite\" in the \"World's Our Little Miss Scholarship Competition\" in 1985. In 1992 and 1993, she played young Cosette in the Broadway production of \"Les Misérables\". Chabert played the role of Cosette in \"Les Misérables\" on Broadway before taking the","title":"Lacey Chabert"},{"docid":"6551115","text":"sequel, \"Love Never Dies\", alongside Sierra Boggess, performing the role until the show closed on August 27, 2011. On October 3, 2010, Karimloo played the role of Enjolras in the 25th anniversary concert of \"Les Misérables\" at The O2 Arena in London. In 2011, he sang Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"Music of the Night\" from \"The Phantom of the Opera\" at the Miss World Competition, which took place in London. On October 1 and 2, 2011, he played the Phantom for three performances alongside \"Love Never Dies\" co-star Sierra Boggess as Christine Daaé in the 25th anniversary production of \"The Phantom","title":"Ramin Karimloo"},{"docid":"8739903","text":"teach in New York City, Lockyer returned to acting for the European tour of Barbra Streisand's \"Broadway Boys\". He has also performed in \"42nd Street\" in Europe and \"Les Misérables\" in China and South Korea. Recently, Lockyer returned to his native Connecticut to play the role of Tom in \"The Glass Menagerie\" at the historical Ivoryton Playhouse. He is playing Jean Valjean in \"Les Misérables\" in the current national tour. Years before he played the role in a Hawaiian production of \"Les Misérables\", which he directed himself. He played Jean Valjean in \"Les Misérables\" in the US 25th anniversary tour","title":"Peter Lockyer"},{"docid":"1793718","text":"Thénardier, Jodie Prenger as Madame Thénardier, Carrie Hope Fletcher as Éponine, Alistair Brammer as Enjolras, Emily Langridge as Cosette, and Paul Wilkins as Marius. On 8 October 1995, the show celebrated the tenth anniversary of the West End production with a concert at the Royal Albert Hall. This 10th Anniversary Concert was nearly \"complete\", missing only a handful of scenes, including \"The Death of Gavroche\", \"The Robbery\" and the confrontation between Marius and the Thénardiers at the wedding feast. Sir Cameron Mackintosh hand-selected the cast, which became known as the \"Les Misérables Dream Cast\", assembled from around the world, and","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"5989501","text":"Cosette Cosette is a fictional character in the novel \"Les Misérables\" by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives her a surname. In the course of the novel, she is mistakenly identified as \"Ursule\", \"Lark\", or \"Mademoiselle Lanoire\". She is the daughter of Fantine, who leaves her to be looked after by the Thénardiers, who exploit and victimise her. Rescued by Jean Valjean, who raises Cosette as if she","title":"Cosette"},{"docid":"5840558","text":"the original concept recording of \"The Scarlet Pimpernel\" (1992). In 1999, he released a self-titled solo CD, on which he sang songs from the various musicals in which he has appeared. He played The Captain of the S.S. American in Kathleen Marshall's production of the Cole Porter musical \"Anything Goes\" in a year long tour that began in October 2012. In November 2013 he starred as Jean Valjean in \"Les Miserables\" as Equity Guest Artist at Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee. In February 2014, he reprised his role as Javert in \"Les Miserables\" for the North Carolina Theatre in Raleigh.","title":"Chuck Wagner"},{"docid":"17796701","text":"Los miserables (2014 TV series) Los miserables (English: \"Les Misérables\"), is a telenovela that premiered on Telemundo on September 30, 2014, and concluded on March 24, 2015. The telenovela is produced by Argos Comunicación and Telemundo Studios, distributed by Telemundo Internacional and created by the Venezuelan author Valentina Párraga, based on the French novel \"Les Misérables\" written by Victor Hugo. It stars Aracely Arámbula as Lucía Durán — A woman pursued by law but innocent, who has to resist, fight and hide tenaciously and cunningly, until she demonstrates her integrity, with Erik Hayser, Aylín Mújica, Gabriel Porras and Marco Treviño,","title":"Los miserables (2014 TV series)"},{"docid":"10698484","text":"in musical theatre in high school, she went on to graduate \"cum laude\" from Yale University, also doing some performing during her college years. Ewoldt performed the role of Princess Jasmine in Disneyland, and she also worked at the Tokyo Disney theme park before appearing in a U.S. tour of \"Les Misérables\". She began the tour as a member of the ensemble, and later understudied the role of Cosette, before she finally received the role during the tour. She then played Cosette in the \"Les Mis\" Broadway revival of 2006. From 2009 to 2011, Ewoldt starred in North American tour","title":"Ali Ewoldt"},{"docid":"1793679","text":"at the death of his friends while he survives (\"Empty Chairs at Empty Tables\"). As he wonders who saved his own life, Cosette comforts him, and they reaffirm their blossoming romance. Valjean realises that Cosette will not need him as a caretaker once she's married and gives them his blessing (\"Every Day\"). Valjean confesses to Marius that he is an escaped convict and must go away because his presence endangers Cosette (\"Valjean's Confession\"), making Marius promise never to tell Cosette. A few months later, Marius and Cosette marry (\"Wedding Chorale\"). The Thénardiers crash the reception disguised as nobility and attempt","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"19049620","text":"is the female romantic lead and Jean Valjean's beloved adopted daughter. The name Cosette is of French origin, and is used mostly in English speaking countries, as the novel of \"Misérables\" the name also got international position in other countries and languages of the world. Despite the popularity of \"Les Misérables\" the musical, the name was given to only seventy-five girls in 2011. Cosette (given name) Cosette is a feminine given name, is pronounced koh-ZETT. It is of French origin, is best known as the heroine of \"\"Les Misérables\"\" (1862) by Victor Hugo, Cosette was the nickname given to the","title":"Cosette (given name)"},{"docid":"9649142","text":"His friend Matt Lucas also joined the cast as Thenardier. During his run as Valjean, Boe appeared in the \"\"Les Misérables\" v Lend Me a Tenor Battle of the Tenors\" at Soho's Winnett Street, London on 13 July 2011. In August, Boe performed with the National Symphony Orchestra at Beau Sejour and Gloucester Hall. In 2015, he reprised the role of Valjean in the Broadway revival of \"Les Misérables\" at the Imperial Theatre in New York. He succeeded Ramin Karimloo - who played Enjolras in the 25th Anniversary concert - on 1 September 2015. Alfie starred as the romantic lead","title":"Alfie Boe"},{"docid":"18186831","text":"in the final. The Liga Alef cup contested by the top 8 clubs in each division of 1972–73 Liga Alef. Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup The 25th Anniversary Cup () was a stand-alone cup competition played to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The competition was played at the end of the 1972–73 season, while the national football team was involved in the 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification. The cup was played as two competitions, for Liga Leumit and for Liga Alef. The Liga Leumit Cup was won by Maccabi Petah Tikva, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa","title":"Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup"},{"docid":"18186830","text":"Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup The 25th Anniversary Cup () was a stand-alone cup competition played to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The competition was played at the end of the 1972–73 season, while the national football team was involved in the 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification. The cup was played as two competitions, for Liga Leumit and for Liga Alef. The Liga Leumit Cup was won by Maccabi Petah Tikva, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa in the final on penalties. The Liga Alef Cup was won by Hapoel Yehud, having beaten Hapoel Ramat Gan 2–0","title":"Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup"},{"docid":"18890419","text":"the Musical Awards Gala TV Show performing ‘Sun and Moon’ live on Dutch Television. Also her performance of ‘Last night of the world’ during the annual Uitmarkt in Amsterdam was shown live on Dutch Television. In June 2014 she finished portraying the role of Fantine in Les Miserables at the Queen’s Theatre, West End. For this portrayal she got nominated for a Broadwayworld UK/West End award in the category Best performance in a long-running West End show. She also reprised the role of Fantine in the revival of Les Miserables in Korea. In July 2017, she played the leading role","title":"Na-Young Jeon"},{"docid":"15900569","text":"groundbreaking.\" Clips of Jackman, Hathaway, Seyfried, Redmayne and Barks singing were received very positively, especially the teaser trailer's presentation of \"I Dreamed a Dream\" by Hathaway. Producers released a new poster, featuring young Cosette (in what is essentially a real-life version of the musical's emblem), played by Isabelle Allen, 24 September 2012, on the film's official Facebook page. They released posters featuring Jean Valjean, Javert, Fantine, and Cosette 12 October, with additional posters of Thénardiers and Marius released 1 November 2012. \"Les Misérables\" was originally to be released 7 December 2012 before the studio moved it to 14 December in","title":"Les Misérables (2012 film)"},{"docid":"17604547","text":"in the musical after Valjean acquires Cosette from the Thenardiers, and before the 9-year jump: There has been speculation by news outlets such as BroadwayWorld that the song \"may be added to the stage show at some point.\" The song \"beautifully explains what happens when Valjean takes Cosette from the inn and looks after her\". The song is performed by Jean Valjean, played by Hugh Jackman in the film version. Music is by Claude-Michel Schonberg, while the lyrics are by Herbert Kretzmer and Alain Boublil. A reprise of the song is performed by Marius and Cosette toward the end of","title":"Suddenly (Les Misérables)"},{"docid":"18994998","text":"were dimmed at the Les Miserables' Imperial Theatre, Hamilton's Marquee at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, and Cleveland's Playhouse Square on September 1, 2015 at 10:15 PM in his honor. The \"Les Misérables\" production released a statement, saying, The entire \"Les Miserables\" family is shocked and devastated by the sudden and tragic loss of Kyle, a remarkable young talent and tremendous person who made magic and history in his Broadway debut. We send our deepest condolences to his family and ask that you respect their privacy in this unimaginably difficult time. Other entertainers tweeted their condolences, including Kristin Chenoweth, Debra Messing,","title":"Kyle Jean-Baptiste"},{"docid":"718935","text":"punch out a window pane, which she does, resulting in cutting her hand (as Thénardier had hoped). The philanthropist and his daughter enter—actually Valjean and Cosette. Marius immediately recognizes Cosette. After seeing them, Valjean promises them he will return with rent money for them. After he and Cosette leave, Marius asks Éponine to retrieve her address for him. Éponine, who is in love with Marius herself, reluctantly agrees to do so. The Thénardiers have also recognized Valjean and Cosette, and vow their revenge. Thénardier enlists the aid of the Patron-Minette, a well-known and feared gang of murderers and robbers. Marius","title":"Les Misérables"},{"docid":"16417219","text":"Caruso (NBC Sound Of Music Live!); Rodney Earl Clarke (On The Town West End); Collabro (Britain’s Got Talent Winners); Maria Coyne (Wicked West End); Louise Dearman (Wicked West End); Killian Donnelly (Les Miserables West End); Samantha Dorsey (Les Miserables West End); Kerry Ellis (Wicked West End); Alice Fearn (Wicked West End); Ben Forster (Phantom Of The Opera West End); Emma Hatton (Wicked West End); Kara Lily-Hayworth (Cilla UK Tour); Matt Henry (Kinky Boots West End); Rob Houchen (Les Miserables West End); Ida; James Monroe Iglehart (Hamilton Broadway); Charlotte Jaconelli (Heathers The Musical West End), Emma Kingston (Evita International Tour); Luke","title":"Daniel and Laura Curtis"},{"docid":"6420654","text":"NBL (Australia) 25th Anniversary Team To mark its 25th anniversary during the 2003–2004 season, the National Basketball League (NBL) announced its 25th Anniversary All-Time team on 9 December 2003. As a way of recognising the single best and most influential player in league history, the player who received the most first-placed votes in the voting process for this team was also named the \"NBL 25th Anniversary Most Valuable Player\". To be eligible for selection, players and coaches must have played or coached in at least 100 NBL games. Selection Committee members were asked to vote regardless of position, with Australian","title":"NBL (Australia) 25th Anniversary Team"},{"docid":"1793665","text":"House\"). Valjean meets Cosette while she's on an errand drawing water and offers the Thénardiers payment to adopt her (\"The Bargain\"). The Thénardiers feign concern for Cosette, claiming that they love her like a daughter and that she is in fragile health, and bargain with Valjean, who pays them 1,500 francs in the end. Valjean and Cosette leave for Paris (\"The Waltz of Treachery\"). Nine years later, in 1832, Paris is in upheaval because of the impending death of General Lamarque, the only man in the government who shows mercy to the poor. Among those mingling in the streets are","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"1793740","text":"as Fantine, Gay Soper as Mme. Thénardier, Barry James as Thénardier, Kaho Shimada as Éponine, Michael Ball as Marius, Anthony Warlow as Enjolras, and Tracy Shayne as Cosette. The 10th Anniversary recording was of a concert version of \"Les Misérables\", performed at the Royal Albert Hall in October 1995, featuring full orchestra and choir. All parts were sung live, giving the performance a different mood from other recording. The score was recorded consecutively without pauses or multiple recordings. The concert's encores are also included. As with the original recordings, however, they differed from the stage versions by excluding some songs","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"9248167","text":"absence. The corps 2011 repertoire was \"Les Miserables,\" marking the 15th anniversary of the corps performance of Les Mis in 1996, a season which began their return to prominence. The corps has been steadily improving ever since, regaining Open Class status in 2013, just missing finals in 11th place. They returned to Open Class Finals in 2015, after a 15-year absence, placing 9th. The Sunrisers 2016 show was entitled \"House of Cards\". Moving up the standings yet again, the corps placed 8th with a score of 88.53. Sunrisers Drum and Bugle Corps The Sunrisers Drum and Bugle Corps is an","title":"Sunrisers Drum and Bugle Corps"},{"docid":"16593535","text":"Braden Danner Braden Danner (born July 13, 1975) is an American actor, writer, director and producer who has worked in theatre, television, and film. He is a graduate of The USC School of Cinematic Arts. He gained critical acclaim for his performances on the stage and screen in roles such as Oliver in \"Oliver!\" on Broadway, Gavroche in the Original Broadway Cast of \"Les Miserables\", and Buddy McGillis in ABC's \"One Life to Live\", for which he was nominated for The Young Artist Award. While performing in \"Les Miserables\", he also originated the role of Control in Andrew Lloyd Webber's","title":"Braden Danner"},{"docid":"4327706","text":"on 6 October 2007. After finishing his London contract, Owen-Jones went to the US to perform the role of Valjean on Broadway, trading locales with Drew Sarich, who was playing the role of Valjean in the American production. Owen-Jones began performances on 23 October 2007 and returned in January 2008 when the show finished its Broadway run. Owen-Jones most recently played Valjean on the 25th Anniversary International Touring production of \"Les Misérables\", which opened 12 December 2009 in Cardiff, and ended 2 October 2010 at the Barbican Theatre in London, where the show first played. He is currently playing the","title":"John Owen-Jones"},{"docid":"9252542","text":"at the Queen's Theatre until leaving the show on 23 June 2009. He has rejoined the cast of \"Les Misérables\" during the 25th Anniversary International Tour of Les Misérables 2010 as Enjolras and is on the live recording Album. Robyns appeared at the O2 Arena on October 3 alongside current/previous cast members from across the world in a 25th Anniversary concert. In 2008 Robyns recorded a song for the CD \"Act One - Songs From The Musicals Of Alexander S. Bermange\", an album of 20 brand new recordings by 26 West End stars, released in November 2008 on Dress Circle","title":"Jon Robyns"},{"docid":"718930","text":"more out of Valjean, runs after them, holding the 1,500 francs, and tells Valjean he wants Cosette back. He informs Valjean that he cannot release Cosette without a note from the child's mother. Valjean hands Thénardier Fantine's letter authorizing the bearer to take Cosette. Thénardier then demands that Valjean pay a thousand crowns, but Valjean and Cosette leave. Thénardier regrets that he did not bring his gun and turns back toward home. Valjean and Cosette flee to Paris. Valjean rents new lodgings at Gorbeau House, where he and Cosette live happily. However, Javert discovers Valjean's lodgings there a few months","title":"Les Misérables"},{"docid":"7142539","text":"Purse and Operation Christmas Child. Prior has received numerous awards; these include two Mo Awards (1991, 1995), three Green Room Awards (\"Les Miserables\" in 1990, \"The Phantom of the Opera\" in 1991, and \"Kiss Me, Kate\" in 2005) and in 1993 the Advance Australia Award for her contribution to the performing arts. She has been nominated for the Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Musical three times: for \"The Witches of Eastwick\" (2003), \"The 25th Annual Putnum County Spelling Bee\" (2006) and \"Guys and Dolls\" (2008). She was also nominated for Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role","title":"Marina Prior"},{"docid":"1793735","text":"date. The film was given its general US release on Christmas Day 2012. Principal cast members include Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean, Russell Crowe as Javert, Anne Hathaway as Fantine, Amanda Seyfried as Cosette, Eddie Redmayne as Marius Pontmercy, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Aaron Tveit as Enjolras, and Sacha Baron Cohen and Helena Bonham Carter as the Thénardiers. Other notable actors who played roles in the film include Bertie Carvel as Bamatabois, Colm Wilkinson as the Bishop of Digne and Frances Ruffelle as a prostitute. The following recordings of \"Les Misérables\" are available in English: the Original London Cast, the","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"1793663","text":"could free him forever, but he is not willing to see an innocent man go to prison in his place and so confesses his identity to the court (\"Who Am I?—The Trial\"). At the hospital, a delirious Fantine dreams of Cosette. Valjean promises to find Cosette and protect her (\"Come to Me\" / \"Fantine's Death\"). Relieved, Fantine succumbs to her illness and dies. Javert arrives to take Valjean back into custody, but Valjean asks Javert for time to fetch Cosette. Javert refuses, insisting that a criminal like Valjean can never change or do good. They struggle, but Valjean overpowers Javert","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"4327701","text":"John Owen-Jones John Owen-Jones (born 5 May 1971) is a Welsh musical theatre actor and singer, best known for his portrayals of Jean Valjean in Alain Boublil & Claude-Michel Schönberg's \"Les Misérables\" and of The Phantom in Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Phantom of the Opera\". He most recently appeared as Valjean on the 25th Anniversary Tour of \"Les Misérables\", and as The Phantom in The Phantom Of The Opera UK Tour, as part of the 25th anniversary celebrations. He has now recorded three studio albums. Owen-Jones was born in 1971 and originates from Burry Port in Carmarthenshire. He was educated","title":"John Owen-Jones"},{"docid":"1793655","text":"Theatre. On 3 October 2010, the show celebrated its 25th anniversary with three productions running in London: the original production at the Queen's Theatre; the 25th Anniversary touring production at its 1985 try-out venue, the Barbican Centre; and the 25th Anniversary concert at London's O2 Arena. The Broadway production opened 12 March 1987 and ran until 18 May 2003, closing after 6,680 performances. It is the fifth longest-running Broadway show in history and was the second-longest at the time. The show was nominated for 12 Tony Awards and won eight, including Best Musical and Best Original Score. Subsequently, numerous tours","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"13293646","text":"the falsely accused man by identifying himself as Valjean. Valjean returns to his town and tries to help the dying Fantine while he awaits arrest. He learns how the Thénardiers are caring for her daughter Cosette. Javert insists on arresting him, Fantine dies, and Valjean escapes. He ransoms Cosette from the Thénardiers and gives her a doll. Living in Paris with Cosette, Valjean escapes from Javert, who is directing police searches of the district where he is living, by climbing a wall, landing in the garden of a Paris convent. The gardener is the man he rescued from being crushed","title":"Les Misérables (1978 film)"},{"docid":"13293647","text":"under a cart, who agrees to pretend he and Valjean are brothers and recommends him to the nuns as a gardener. Cosette attends the convent school. When she completes her education and has become a young woman, Valjean decides they should leave the convent's cloistered premises so she can experience the world. Valjean and Cosette are strolling in a public garden and pause to listen to radicals denounce the government. Cosette and Marius, one of the radical group though not a speaker, see one another and their eyes lock. Marius pays the urchin Gavroche to tail them and report their","title":"Les Misérables (1978 film)"},{"docid":"10722539","text":"Cosette\" is a two-part song sung by Cosette, Marius and Valjean. The second part is often known as \"A Heart Full of Love (Reprise)\". Gillenormand sings part of the song in the 2012 film. French Versions \"Valjean's Confession\" is sung by Valjean and Marius. Though important for the plot, the music is more important as an introduction to \"Who Am I?\". \"The Wedding\" is a very brief song, also known as the \"Wedding Chorale\", and is sung by the guests on Cosette and Marius's wedding. The second part is a dialogue-heavy song that is often abridged or cut, sung by","title":"Songs from Les Misérables"},{"docid":"1793707","text":"about 16 hours. This allowed it to reach many cities and venues in its acclaimed, original Broadway form. The final company of the Third National Tour included Randal Keith as Valjean (Keith also played Valjean in the final company of the original Broadway engagement), Robert Hunt as Javert, Joan Almedilla as Fantine, Daniel Bogart as Marius, Norman Large (from Original Broadway Cast) as Monsieur Thénardier, Jennifer Butt (from Original Broadway Cast) as Madame Thénardier, Melissa Lyons as Éponine, Ali Ewoldt as Cosette, Victor Wallace as Enjolras, Meg Guzulescu and Rachel Schier alternating as Young Cosette and Young Éponine, and Austyn","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"},{"docid":"6551119","text":"role in the 2014 Broadway revival of \"Les Misérables\", making his Broadway debut, and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He concluded his run on August 30, 2015, and was replaced by Alfie Boe, who portrayed Valjean in the 25th Anniversary concert. On May 29, 2015 it was announced that Karimloo would be leading the musical \"Prince of Broadway\" that features songs from all of Harold Prince's famous musicals in Japan. Rehearsals began in September in New York. On September 25, 2015 he played the role of Barry Hamidi in \"Worst Case Scenario\", the","title":"Ramin Karimloo"},{"docid":"16249458","text":"Earl Carpenter Earl Carpenter (born 9 May 1970) is an English musical theatre actor, recognised chiefly for his work in London's West End. He is known for his performances as Javert in the stage musical \"Les Misérables\" and as the Phantom in the London production of \"The Phantom of the Opera\". He recently starred played the Phantom in the 25th Anniversary UK Tour, replacing John Owen-Jones, who left the tour in September. He made his return to Broadway in May 2015, reprising his role of Inspector Javert and recently a new show in Singapore \"Forbidden City\" As part of the","title":"Earl Carpenter"},{"docid":"8428336","text":"Galloway had a principal role in the fifth series episode of \"Marple\" \"The Pale Horse\" alongside Julia McKenzie. Her role was Bella Ellis – the town's local witch and cook to Thyrza Grey, (played by Pauline Collins) – who are considered prime suspects at many points during the episode. The episode aired as the first part of the fifth series in the UK in August 2010, for some reason before the fourth series had finished airing. She also reprised her role as Madame Thénardier in the 2010 25th anniversary concert of \"Les Misérables\" at the O2 arena, London in October","title":"Jenny Galloway"},{"docid":"15712907","text":"was officially listed (and performed) as third cover Valjean. He eventually finished in \"Les Misérables\" on 18 June 2011. Donnelly's next role was Raoul in Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Phantom of the Opera\" at Her Majesty's Theatre. During this time, he also featured in commercials for McDonald's and Jameson Whiskey, and appeared on such television shows as \"The Tudors\", \"The Open House\", \"The Late Late Show\" and \"Showbands\". He later performed in \"You Should Be Dancing\" at the National Concert Hall. On 3 October 2010, Donnelly played the role of Courfeyrac in the 25th Anniversary Concert of \"Les Misérables\" at","title":"Killian Donnelly"},{"docid":"16815462","text":"Les Fleurs du Mal (Therion album) Les Fleurs du Mal is a cover album and the fifteenth full-length album by Swedish symphonic metal band Therion. It was released on 28 September 2012 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the band. Named after the 1857 volume of poetry \"Les Fleurs du mal\", the album is fully sung in French language. It consist of metal cover versions of French pop songs from 1960s and 1970s, mostly from the ye-ye genre. The album was financed by Christofer Johnsson who considers the album an art project. It was made available for pre-order at Therion's","title":"Les Fleurs du Mal (Therion album)"},{"docid":"1793702","text":"again produced the show. On 22 October 2013, it was announced that Ramin Karimloo, Will Swenson, Caissie Levy, and Nikki M. James would be headlining the revival cast as Jean Valjean, Javert, Fantine, and Éponine respectively. Andy Mientus and Samantha Hill also star as Marius and Cosette respectively. Angeli Negron and McKayla Twiggs share the role of Young Cosette. On 30 August 2015, Karimloo ended his run of the show as was replaced by Alfie Boe. After Boe's final performance on 28 February, the role of Valjean was played by John Owen-Jones beginning 1 March 2016 until the production closed","title":"Les Misérables (musical)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"17380344\",\n \"text\": \"Ballentine played the role of the youngest daughter, Francis Perks. She continued with her stage career with the leading role of Felicia in \\\"Numbers\\\", a 2012 Toronto Fringe Festival play for which she received rave reviews. In 2013 she returned to Mirvish Productions to play the role of Little Cosette / Young Eponine in the highly acclaimed 25th Anniversary production of \\\"Les Miserables\\\". Ballentine's film acting debut occurred in \\\"Baby's First Christmas\\\" for Hallmark Channel in 2012 where she played Kate, one of the main characters. The TV movie was directed by , and featured Casper Van Dien, Rachel Wilson,\",\n \"title\": \"Ella Ballentine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19049619\",\n \"text\": \"Cosette (given name) Cosette is a feminine given name, is pronounced koh-ZETT. It is of French origin, is best known as the heroine of \\\"\\\"Les Misérables\\\"\\\" (1862) by Victor Hugo, Cosette was the nickname given to the girl named Euphrasie by her mother. Cosette in modern name dictionaries give the meaning as \\\"victorious,\\\" but it doesn't appear to have been in use as a first name until after Hugo published Les Miserables, although \\\"Cozette\\\" sometimes appeared as a surname. Victor Hugo said he created Cosette from \\\"chosette\\\", meaning \\\"little thing\\\" in French. Literary: in Victor Hugo's musical \\\"Les Misérables\\\", Cosette\",\n \"title\": \"Cosette (given name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9048483\",\n \"text\": \"graduate of Yale University. During her freshman year, Errico was asked to audition for the role of Cosette while trying out for a different show, and was cast. Errico took a leave of absence from Yale and performed in a tour of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" before returning and graduating with an honors degree in art history and philosophy. Errico is also a graduate of the BADA program at Oxford University. Errico played Cosette in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" on a national tour. She also played Eliza Doolittle in \\\"My Fair Lady\\\" on Broadway, opposite Richard Chamberlain and Julian Holloway, at the Virginia Theater.\",\n \"title\": \"Melissa Errico\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20562936\",\n \"text\": \"sparking an entire novel, and making writing a major part of her career. Sharon Wheatley made her Broadway debut as a swing in 1994, in the original Broadway production of \\\"Les Miserables\\\" directed by Trevor Nunn and John Caird. Before joining the Broadway company of Les Miserables, Wheatley traveled nationally as part of the touring company where she was a member of the ensemble and understudied the roles of both Eponine and Cosette. Additional credits include: <nowiki>*</nowiki>Original Broadway cast <nowiki>**</nowiki>Closing company Wheatley holds the distinction of being the only actress to appear in \\\"Les Miserables\\\", \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Sharon Wheatley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15822098\",\n \"text\": \"Madalena Alberto Madalena Alberto (born in Lisbon, Portugal) is an actress, singer and composer who has developed her career in the West End. Alberto received rave reviews for her role as Eva Perón in Evita (musical) in the West End (16 September - 1 November 2014), where the show arrived after a successful UK Tour. Alberto played the role of Fantine in the acclaimed 25th Anniversary production of Les Miserables with rave reviews. Her professional debut was in \\\"Aladdin\\\" at the Old Vic, London, with Sir Ian McKellen (2005). She has developed her career mainly in Musical Theatre performing the\",\n \"title\": \"Madalena Alberto\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793736\",\n \"text\": \"Original Broadway Cast, the Complete Symphonic Recording, the 10th Anniversary London Concert, The 25th Anniversary UK Tour Cast and The 25th Anniversary London Concert. The Original London Cast recording was the first English language album of the musical. Recorded in 1985, when the show premiered, it is closest to the original French concept album. For example, \\\"Stars\\\" appears before \\\"Look Down\\\" and shortly after, the original version of \\\"Little People\\\" plays, which was later incorporated into the revealing of Javert. It also features a song entitled \\\"I Saw Him Once\\\", sung by Cosette, which was later incorporated into the first\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15900559\",\n \"text\": \"tour's Nancy, Samantha Barks, who had played Éponine in the West End production and in the 25th Anniversary concert, would reprise the role in the film. Barks had been auditioning for 15 weeks by that point. Originally, an unknown was sought for the role of Cosette, with an open casting call in New York City in December 2011. In January 2012, reports surfaced that Amanda Seyfried had been offered the role instead. Eddie Redmayne confirmed both Seyfried's casting and that of Bonham Carter as Madame Thénardier in an interview on 12 January. Hooper confirmed that he would stick to the\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793700\",\n \"text\": \"down production played at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto, Canada based on the 25th Anniversary touring production. Previews began on 27 September 2013 with the opening night on 9 October. The production closed on 2 February 2014. Co-directed by Lawrence Connor and James Powell, Laurence Olivier Award nominee, Ramin Karimloo, starred as Jean Valjean. He was joined by fellow West End star, Earl Carpenter, who reprised the role of Inspector Javert. Other cast members included Genevieve Leclerc as Fantine, Samantha Hill as Cosette, Melissa O'Neil as Éponine, Cliff Saunders as Monsieur Thenardier, Lisa Horner as Madame Thenardier, and\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19377024\",\n \"text\": \"It was also announced that Erika Ikuta has been chosen as the new Cosette in the 30th anniversary staging of \\\"Les Miserables\\\" in Japan. She done that in 2017 and will reprise the role in 2019. In the episode of Nogizaka46's variety show \\\"Nogizaka Under Construction\\\" aired last July 3, 2017, she was the winner of Kazumi Takayama's T-1, a competition amongst the members for the best omelet roll. It was considered a significant improvement on her cooking skills as she previously had zero knowledge in cooking as shown in the group's former variety show \\\"Nogizakatte, Doko?\\\" aired last 2011.\",\n \"title\": \"Erika Ikuta\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17279789\",\n \"text\": \"at school and fitting in, she stayed focused on her dreams of becoming successful in entertainment: \\\"I became very passionate about [becoming an actress and singer]. I fully immersed myself\\\". Her father died in 2011 when she was 15 years old. She changed her legal name to Dove in honor of her father who called her by that nickname. In 2007, Cameron played the role of a young Cosette in the Bainbridge Performings Arts stage production of \\\"Les Miserables\\\", and in 2008, she had the lead role of Mary in \\\"The Secret Garden\\\", again with BPA. In 2012, Cameron was\",\n \"title\": \"Dove Cameron\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16037488\",\n \"text\": \"and has an older brother, Russell, who graduated from the University of Delaware. She takes piano lessons and enjoys composing songs. Sonenclar is Jewish. Sonenclar began her professional career in 2006 in a stage adaptation of \\\"The Night of the Hunter\\\", at the New York Musical Theatre Festival, in which she played the lead role of Pearl. In that same year, she made her Broadway debut in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" as Young Cosette. In 2009, she appeared in the national tour of \\\"Little House on the Prairie, the Musical\\\", starring Melissa Gilbert, originating the principal role of Carrie. Sonenclar made her\",\n \"title\": \"Carly Rose Sonenclar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12882988\",\n \"text\": \"Arena and also appeared in the \\\"Les Misérables\\\" sequences in the 2010 Royal Variety Performance at The London Palladium. Later that year, Beck returned to \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" as an emergency cover for Christine on 23 December, co-starring with John Owen-Jones. Beck also played Cosette as a voice role in the Focus on the Family Radio Theatre production of \\\"Les Miserables\\\". Recently, Beck has supported the music of the young musical theatre composer, Steven Luke Walker. She has taken part in several workshops of his compositions for the musical based on the novel \\\"Little Women\\\" by Louisa May\",\n \"title\": \"Gina Beck\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15822100\",\n \"text\": \"Anniversary production of Les Miserables, that opened at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff on 22 December 2009 and ended at the Barbican Theatre, London on 2 October 2010. She also took part of the O2 Arena concert of Les Miserables. Alberto played the role of Sonia in Stephen Schwartz's \\\"Godspell\\\", which ran at the Union Theatre, London from 13 April to 7 May 2011 directed by Michael Strassen. She also played the role of Lucy in the first London production of Frank Wildhorn's \\\"JEKYLL AND HYDE\\\" produced by Morphic Graffiti, that ran at the Union Theatre from 16 May\",\n \"title\": \"Madalena Alberto\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13293650\",\n \"text\": \"earlier encounter. Javert prepares to kill Valjean but suddenly disappears into the darkness of the sewers. He commits suicide by jumping into the Seine. The film ends with the wedding of Cosette and Marius, attended only by Valjean and Gillenormand. The film was produced by Norman Rosemont who specialised in period adaptations of classic novels for television. He found it difficult to raise financing for the first few and spent two years raising the money for \\\"Les Miserables\\\". NBC turned it down out of fear Americans would not understand the title. Eventually money was raised from CBS and IBM. The\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (1978 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7638766\",\n \"text\": \"(Adelphi), Monteen in \\\"Parade\\\" (Donmar Warehouse), Luisa in the new revival of \\\"The Fantasticks\\\" (Duchess), and Laura in \\\"Dreamboats and Petticoats\\\" (Playhouse 2010) She is currently playing songwriter Cynthia Weil in the Carole King Musical \\\"Beautiful\\\" (Aldwych), for which she won an Olivier Award. She also appeared in the \\\"I Dream\\\" comedy series, along with a popular teen group S Club 8, where she played Natalie. Regional work and touring includes- Young Cosette in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" (Birmingham Hippodrome 1997), Ariel Moore in \\\"Footloose\\\" (UK Tours 2006 and 2011) Gabriella in the original British cast of \\\"High School Musical\\\" (UK Tour\",\n \"title\": \"Lorna Want\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10806482\",\n \"text\": \"got married and has two daughters (born in 2001 and 2003). From 1997 till 1999 She played Cosette in Les Miserables. In 2005, Hayami teamed up with fellow former teen idol Chiemi Hori and Iyo Matsumoto to form the trio, \\\"Cutie Mummy\\\". The short-lived band released 2 singles and disbanded after Hori decided to call it off. In 2008, she starred as the Captain General in the Tokusatsu series \\\"\\\". On 13 Jan 2016, while filming a travel programme with Iyo Matsumoto, both of them allegedly trespassed onto the track of the Sanin Main Line near Saga-Arashiyama Station in Kyoto\",\n \"title\": \"Yū Hayami\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16835612\",\n \"text\": \"student theatre and graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Creative Arts – Theatre. Borman returned to the UK from Australia in 2008 and is currently based in Bristol. Miranda Borman Miranda Louise Borman (born 5 March 1981) is a British television and stage actress. Borman first gained prominence in the late 1980s with roles in \\\"Doctor Who\\\" (as Stellar in the 1987 Sylvester McCoy story \\\"Dragonfire\\\") and the London West End run of the musical \\\"Les Miserables\\\" (as Young Cosette). Borman's family later moved to Australia where she continued to pursue acting, being nominated in 1999 for a Music\",\n \"title\": \"Miranda Borman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16835611\",\n \"text\": \"Miranda Borman Miranda Louise Borman (born 5 March 1981) is a British television and stage actress. Borman first gained prominence in the late 1980s with roles in \\\"Doctor Who\\\" (as Stellar in the 1987 Sylvester McCoy story \\\"Dragonfire\\\") and the London West End run of the musical \\\"Les Miserables\\\" (as Young Cosette). Borman's family later moved to Australia where she continued to pursue acting, being nominated in 1999 for a Music Theatre Guild of Victoria award for a community theatre production of \\\"You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown\\\". Borman later studied at the University of Melbourne where she participated in\",\n \"title\": \"Miranda Borman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9864250\",\n \"text\": \"her BFA in acting from Boston University. In 2004, Donovan married broadway stagehand Peter Donovan, who most recently worked on the broadway company of \\\"Billy Elliot\\\" and is presently preparing \\\"Nice Work If You Can Get It\\\". Donovan's career started before she graduated from college. During her senior year, she received her Equity Card standing by for Carolee Carmello in the Boston Company of \\\"Nite Club Confidential\\\" starring Scott Bakula. Shortly after graduation, she auditioned for the National Tour of \\\"Les Miserables\\\" through an \\\"open call\\\" and was cast as Cosette. She went on to originate that role in the\",\n \"title\": \"Jacquelyn Piro Donovan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1521343\",\n \"text\": \"post of majordomo, who usually was in charge of finances. Additionally, the Hispanos of New Mexico use this term to refer to the manager of an acequia system for a town or valley. The origin is from \\\"maior domūs\\\" (Latin, \\\"principal\\\" and \\\"house\\\"), and it was borrowed into English from Spanish \\\"mayordomo\\\" or obsolete Italian \\\"maiordomo\\\". Also found as French \\\"majordome\\\", modern Italian \\\"maggiordomo\\\", Portuguese and Galician \\\"mordomo\\\", in Romanian and Catalan \\\"majordom\\\". In \\\"Les Miserables\\\", Major Domo oversees proceedings at the wedding of Marius and Cosette, in the stage version, introducing M. and Mme. Thenardier to the wedding waltzers.\",\n \"title\": \"Majordomo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6990432\",\n \"text\": \"coloured soundscapes. The Norwegian media responded well to this released; most magazines gave it four- and even five-star ratings. In September 2008, Guldbrandsen portrayed Cosette in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" in 100 performances in Bergen, Norway. 35.000 tickets were sold before the premiere. Only three weeks after the opening night, this musical experienced a huge success. All tickets for the musical were sold out, and Guldbrandsen and the rest of the ensemble also performed on New Year's Eve. Now more than 42000 people have seen \\\"Les Misérables\\\" on Den Nationale Scene (The National Scene) in Bergen. The reviews were extremely positive and\",\n \"title\": \"Christine Guldbrandsen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9544983\",\n \"text\": \"On 1 and 2 October 2011 Fraser played Raoul in the 25th Anniversary staging of \\\"The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall\\\" in London. He costarred alongside Ramin Karimloo and Sierra Boggess, who played the Phantom and Christine, respectively. Fraser also costarred with Karimloo in the 25th Anniversary concert of \\\"Les Misérables\\\". Hadley has written music for a band called \\\"Sheytoons\\\" with Karimloo, including \\\"Heading West\\\" and \\\"Driftwood.\\\" Fraser appeared in the film adaptation of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", as the Army General of the National Guard. Fraser appeared aside Tom Hiddleston in the Donmar Warehouse's production of Coriolanus\",\n \"title\": \"Hadley Fraser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16402177\",\n \"text\": \"Jean Valjeans sang \\\"Bring Him Home\\\": Colm Wilkinson from the original London cast, John Owen-Jones from the 25th Anniversary touring production, Simon Bowman from the current London cast, and Alfie Boe, who sang the role in the concert. The original 1985 cast (excepting David Burt, who had played Enjolras who states he can no longer sing the part) then led the ensemble in a performance of \\\"One Day More\\\". After speeches from Cameron Mackintosh, Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg, the performance concluded with students from school productions of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" entering the arena through the audience and joining the casts\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4363413\",\n \"text\": \"on September 7, 2010. He replaced John Cudia in the role. This is Panaro's third time playing The Phantom in this production. In January 2013, he performed the role of the Phantom in the Broadway production's 25th anniversary. He took a break from Phantom from April until the end of August 2013. During this time, he reprised the role of Jean Valjean at The Muny in the St. Louis in their production of Les Miserables, alongside Norm Lewis as Javert. Panaro won a St. Louis Theater Circle Award for his portrayal of Valjean. Afterwards, he returned to the Majestic stage\",\n \"title\": \"Hugh Panaro\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18850176\",\n \"text\": \"the 30th longest running show in Broadway history. Lyn's role as associate director of Mary Poppins came to an end in early 2013. 2,619 performances were made over six-year period on Broadway. Within a couple of months of his role of director Mary Poppins, Lyn became the associate director of Les Miserables during the year of its 25th year anniversary. Anthony Lyn Anthony Lyn is a Welsh theatrical director and actor, originally from Swansea in South Wales. During his early life, he performed in numerous shows at the Grand Theatre in Swansea. As an actor appeared in London's West End\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Lyn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18850169\",\n \"text\": \"musical on Broadway in 2006. The show ran until 2013, becoming the 30th longest running play in Broadway history. Subsequently, Directing two US tours as well as Productions in Mexico City and Vienna. Lyn was Associate Director of the US 25th Anniversary Production of Les Miserables, as well as the Canadian revival and the most recent Broadway revival at the Imperial Theatre New York. Early in 2016 he staged the first Madarin speaking version of Disney’s The Lion King at the Disney Grand Theatre in Shanghai and in the spring of 2018 he staged an International Tour of the same\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Lyn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7206263\",\n \"text\": \"personality, and a Spanish/Chinese/Filipino (Mestizo) jazz pianist and arranger. She is one of six artist siblings. She was raised in Sydney, Melbourne and Hong Kong/South East Asia. She also lived and went to school and trained in London and New York. She performed in many musicals such as \\\"Cats\\\" the Musical, \\\"Miss Saigon\\\", The Music of Lloyd Webber Concert Tour (understudying Sarah Brightman), \\\"Oh What A Night\\\", \\\"25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\\\", as the lead Frugue girl in \\\"Sweet Charity\\\", and took the role of Eponine in the 10th Anniversary Australasian Tour of \\\"Les Miserables\\\". In 1998, Mendoza formed\",\n \"title\": \"Natalie Mendoza\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14318569\",\n \"text\": \"Enjolras in the Spanish production of 25th anniversary edition of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", that was staged at Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid (season 2010-2011) and at Barcelona Teatre Musical in Barcelona (season 2011-2012)\\\". In 2011, together with fellow male cast members of \\\"Los Miserables\\\" David Ordinas, Gerónimo Rauch and Ignasi Vidal, he created, produced and starred in the concert show \\\"Póker de Voces\\\". On 18 July 2011 Gerónimo Rauch was replaced by Pablo Puyol and on 3 June 2012 Ignasi Vidal was replaced by Paco Arrojo. The last concert of \\\"Póker de Voces\\\" was held in Xàtiva on 21 July\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Diges\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13607845\",\n \"text\": \"has lit many productions, including Vienna State Opera and Finnish National Opera where the lighting took the place of the scenery. He lit Derek Deane’s large scale production of Swan Lake for the English National Ballet at the Royal Albert Hall. He created the lighting for the Les Miserables and Phantom of the Opera 25th Anniversary Concerts for Cameron Mackintosh and has lit arena spectacles that include Ben Hur, Batman Live and Jesus Christ Superstar for Andrew Lloyd Webber. He also lit the Queen's Jubilee concert in 2002 that took place in the gardens at Buckingham Palace. He has been\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Woodroffe (lighting designer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5840559\",\n \"text\": \"He was accompanied by his former broadway co-star, Craig Schulman, who reprised his role as Valjean. The show was directed by Dave Clemmons, who played Valjean opposite Wagner during the U.S. National Tour. In May 2014 he played Javert in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" for Studio Tenn with the Nashville Symphony at the Schermerhorn Symphony Center. In June 2014 he appeared as Jean Valjean in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" at the Lyric Theatre in Oklahoma City in a production featuring a 100 voice chorus. In 2010, while at home in Pensacola Beach, Florida, he joined the response to the BP oil spill helping to\",\n \"title\": \"Chuck Wagner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15811241\",\n \"text\": \"she wanted to expand her career into singing and acting also. After playing roles such as Peron's Mistress in Evita, Sybil in Private Lives and Cosette in Les Miserables, all in Australia, Combe then made her West End debut in the world premiere production of Sunset Boulevard. It was in London that she met the father of her daughter. Her daughter was born in 2000 in London Eastenders, Rochelle, BBC, Dir: John Dower The Royals (TV series), (Season 3) Lady Jane Doctors, Laura Bowles Miller, BBC, Dir: Graham Sherrington Holby City, Margarhita, BBC Salsa \\\"Industry pilot\\\", Gail, Luvchild Productions, Dir:Lorrie\",\n \"title\": \"Anita Louise Combe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12882993\",\n \"text\": \"End production of Matilda the Musical. Gina Beck Gina Beck (born 30 December 1981) is an English actress and singer known primarily for playing major roles in leading West End theatre productions. She is best known for playing the role of Miss Honey in the RSC’s production of \\\"Matilda\\\", Magnolia Hawks in Daniel Evans' acclaimed production of \\\"Show Boat\\\", Glinda the Good Witch in \\\"Wicked\\\", both in the UK production and the US tour, Christine Daaé in Cameron Mackintosh's production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" and Cosette in \\\"Les Miserables\\\". Gina Beck was born in High\",\n \"title\": \"Gina Beck\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12882981\",\n \"text\": \"Gina Beck Gina Beck (born 30 December 1981) is an English actress and singer known primarily for playing major roles in leading West End theatre productions. She is best known for playing the role of Miss Honey in the RSC’s production of \\\"Matilda\\\", Magnolia Hawks in Daniel Evans' acclaimed production of \\\"Show Boat\\\", Glinda the Good Witch in \\\"Wicked\\\", both in the UK production and the US tour, Christine Daaé in Cameron Mackintosh's production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" and Cosette in \\\"Les Miserables\\\". Gina Beck was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England, but moved to\",\n \"title\": \"Gina Beck\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17270058\",\n \"text\": \"2008. Isabeau Méndez Isabeau Mendez (born March 31, 1990) is a musical theater actress, television hostess, singer and model. Born in Miami Beach, Florida, and raised in Panama, she has performed acting roles in stage productions such as Cosette in Les Miserables Panama, Tinkerbell in Peter Pan, Elle Woods in Legally Blonde, among other roles in the musicals Aladdin, Victor/Victoria, Beauty and the Beast and Fiddler On The Roof. On television, Isabeau has appeared on several reality shows and soap operas such as Los Brownies, Sueños de Verano, Cantando por un Sueño, La Ultima Hora, Lobby T.V. and ¿Quien T.V.?\",\n \"title\": \"Isabeau Méndez\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17270057\",\n \"text\": \"Isabeau Méndez Isabeau Mendez (born March 31, 1990) is a musical theater actress, television hostess, singer and model. Born in Miami Beach, Florida, and raised in Panama, she has performed acting roles in stage productions such as Cosette in Les Miserables Panama, Tinkerbell in Peter Pan, Elle Woods in Legally Blonde, among other roles in the musicals Aladdin, Victor/Victoria, Beauty and the Beast and Fiddler On The Roof. On television, Isabeau has appeared on several reality shows and soap operas such as Los Brownies, Sueños de Verano, Cantando por un Sueño, La Ultima Hora, Lobby T.V. and ¿Quien T.V.? since\",\n \"title\": \"Isabeau Méndez\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14178487\",\n \"text\": \"Donna Vivino Donna Vivino is an American actress and singer most recently nominated for a 2018 Los Angeles Ovation Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Mary Flynn in \\\"Merrily We Roll Along\\\" Directed by Michael Arden. She performed as Elphaba in \\\"Wicked\\\" on Broadway, previously seen starring in the role on the 1st National Tour. She was the original Young Cosette in Les Miserables on Broadway and on the cast recording. She starred on Broadway in \\\"Fame Becomes Me\\\" with Martin Short and was also on Broadway in \\\"Hairspray\\\" and \\\"Saturday Night Fever\\\". She plays\",\n \"title\": \"Donna Vivino\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13834713\",\n \"text\": \"solos for Karl Jenkins' CD for Christmas 2009, released on EMI Classics in Autumn 2009. At her school she starred in the musical \\\"Les Miserables\\\" in the role of Cosette. She is working on the play Into the Woods, with the role of Cinderella. Alice Halstead Alice Halstead is a chorister at St. Alphege's Church, Solihull. She won the title of \\\"BBC Radio 2 Young Chorister of the Year 2008\\\" in front of an audience of over 1,000 people in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, in October 2008. Halstead has since performed on UK national radio and television. Halstead appeared on\",\n \"title\": \"Alice Halstead\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15811244\",\n \"text\": \"after opening night), Constance Lloyd, George Bernard Shaw Theatre, London, Dir: Mike Read Hello Again London Premiere, The Actress, Bridewell Theatre, London, Dir: Clive Paget Saturday Night Fever (musical), Created role of: Stephanie Mangano, London Palladium, Dir: Arlene Phillips La Boheme World Premiere MTL production, Mimi, Dir: Tony Britten Sunset Boulevard World Premiere Production, Betty Schaefer, Adelphi Theatre, London, Dir: Sir Trevor Nunn Sunset Boulevard Canadian Premiere, Betty Schaefer, Toronto & Vancouver, Dir: Sir Trevor Nunn Les Miserables, Cosette, Australian Production, Dir: Gayle Edwards Evita, Peron’s Mistress, State Theatre, Sydney, Dir: Tom Guerra CATS Australian Premiere, Sillabub, Theatre Royal, Sydney,\",\n \"title\": \"Anita Louise Combe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11150404\",\n \"text\": \"Madeleine Martin Madeleine Elizabeth Martin (born April 15, 1993) is an American-Canadian actress, best known for her role as the character Rebecca \\\"Becca\\\" Moody on Showtime comedy-drama \\\"Californication\\\". Martin grew up in New York City, United States. As her mother is from Canada, Martin has dual citizenship of both countries. She is a student at the School of American Ballet.. Martin was Homeschooled. At age seven, Martin appeared in the Broadway National Tour of \\\"The Sound of Music\\\" with Richard Chamberlain. Two years later she portrayed young Cosette in the Broadway National Tour of \\\"Les Miserables\\\". She appeared on Broadway\",\n \"title\": \"Madeleine Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10523224\",\n \"text\": \"Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, Philip Quast as Inspector Javert, Michael Ball as Marius Pontmercy, Lea Salonga as Éponine, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, and several others, and was directed by John Caird. The performers were chosen from the London, Broadway and Australian productions of the show and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell. It also aired on PBS part of the Great Performances series. The 10th anniversary concert of \\\"Les Misérables\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20836348\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Vive la République,\\\" or \\\"Long Live the Republic,\\\" and chooses to die with him, hand in hand. Grantaire has appeared in many adaptions of Les Miserables, including a role in the musical, in which he is portrayed as a skeptical drunkard. He is to be played by Turlough Convery in the upcoming BBC miniseries Grantaire Grantaire () is a fictional character from the 1862 novel Les Miserables by Victor Hugo. He acts as a skeptic in a revolutionary group known as the Friends of the ABC. Grantaire is described as \\\"particularly ugly\\\" or \\\"inordinately homely,\\\"The opposite of Enjolras, who was\",\n \"title\": \"Grantaire\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19436561\",\n \"text\": \"genre of the musical. First there were the role of Lucentio ( «Kiss me Kate» (1999-2001), and the bug Phoebus ( «Der Glöckner von Notre Dame» (2001-2002). His most well-known role was in the musical \\\"Les Miserables» ( «Les miserables»), based on the novel by Victor Hugo. 30-year-old Oleg Vinnik played the role of Jean Valjean (Jean Valjean) - the hero, who in the beginning of the musical 46, and in the final - 80 years. Another important role was the Black Prince - Death (Der Tod) in the musical \\\"Elizabeth» ( «Elisabeth»). Since 2011 Oleg Vinnik concentrated on his\",\n \"title\": \"Oleg Vinnik\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16249460\",\n \"text\": \"to watch online. Reelkandi was founded by Earl Carpenter, a West End theatre stage actor who played the lead role in \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" and who in August 2014 featured in the Broadway version of \\\"Les Misérables\\\". Earl Carpenter Earl Carpenter (born 9 May 1970) is an English musical theatre actor, recognised chiefly for his work in London's West End. He is known for his performances as Javert in the stage musical \\\"Les Misérables\\\" and as the Phantom in the London production of \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\". He recently starred played the Phantom in the 25th Anniversary\",\n \"title\": \"Earl Carpenter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13492854\",\n \"text\": \"You\\\". Sabrina Aloueche Sabrina Aloueche is an English musical theatre actress. She is best known for playing the character 'Scaramouche' in the Queen musical \\\"We Will Rock You\\\". Aloueche has played two characters in two London productions of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", firstly Young Cosette at the Palace Theatre and then she played the part of Eponine at the Queen’s Theatre where she was also cast to play the same part in the 21st anniversary show that was recorded for a BBC radio broadcast. On 1 October 2007, Aloueche began her run as Scaramouche in Ben Elton and Brian May’s \\\"We Will\",\n \"title\": \"Sabrina Aloueche\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13492853\",\n \"text\": \"Sabrina Aloueche Sabrina Aloueche is an English musical theatre actress. She is best known for playing the character 'Scaramouche' in the Queen musical \\\"We Will Rock You\\\". Aloueche has played two characters in two London productions of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", firstly Young Cosette at the Palace Theatre and then she played the part of Eponine at the Queen’s Theatre where she was also cast to play the same part in the 21st anniversary show that was recorded for a BBC radio broadcast. On 1 October 2007, Aloueche began her run as Scaramouche in Ben Elton and Brian May’s \\\"We Will Rock\",\n \"title\": \"Sabrina Aloueche\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16402178\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"The Finale\\\". The evening concert was shown live in cinemas across the UK, Ireland and around the world. The end credits of the concert confirmed an adaptation of the stage musical for 2012 release. A Blu-ray and DVD version of the O2 broadcast was released on 29 November 2010 in the UK (PAL DVD (Region 2) and Blu-ray). It was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray on 22 February 2011. Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary was performed and filmed at The O2 in North Greenwich, London, England on\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9089298\",\n \"text\": \"Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette It premiered across Japan from January 7, 2007 on Fuji TV's BS Fuji broadcast satellite network, and contains fifty-two episodes; of twenty-six each. It also aired in Japan on Animax from April 2007. Set in nineteenth century-era France, the series begins with Cosette, a three-year-old girl, traveling with her mother Fantine, who is trying to find a job and a place to live, but have always been shunned away due to few employers hiring single mothers. When her mother is promised with the prosperity of working in the big city, Cosette is separated from her in\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9089299\",\n \"text\": \"the hopes a caretaker named Thénardier will watch over her while her mother earns some money. Unfortunately, this was a trick and the caretaker is a corrupt man who makes Cosette his indentured servant, or more precisely: his slave. Then, the kind mayor—formerly a convict named Jean Valjean—of the town that Cosette makes her new home in, sees how winds of change are so detrimental for children and families, and decides to do something about it, but forces Cosette to go on the run to escape his returning, difficult past. The anime was dubbed and broadcast in: Les Misérables: Shōjo\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18850173\",\n \"text\": \"the cast for the play Oklahoma! at the Manchester Opera House. His first major play in the London theatre came in 1989 after he auditioned for Anything Goes. He played alongside John Barrowman and Bernard Cribbins during his time performing the show. After a spending a couple of years performing outside the UK, Lyn returned to perform Les Miserables in 1992. In the early 1990s, Lyn was also involved in the foundation of West End Cares. After performing in Les Miserables, he played the role of Ruben in the United Kingdom tour of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, which\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Lyn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2767161\",\n \"text\": \"Chabert was born in Purvis, Mississippi, to Julie (née Johnson) and Tony Chabert. Her father is of Cajun, Italian, and English descent; he worked as a maintenance operations representative for an oil company. Her mother has English, Scottish, and remote Italian ancestry. Chabert has a younger brother named T.J., and two older sisters, Chrissy and Wendy. She was \\\"World's Baby Petite\\\" in the \\\"World's Our Little Miss Scholarship Competition\\\" in 1985. In 1992 and 1993, she played young Cosette in the Broadway production of \\\"Les Misérables\\\". Chabert played the role of Cosette in \\\"Les Misérables\\\" on Broadway before taking the\",\n \"title\": \"Lacey Chabert\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6551115\",\n \"text\": \"sequel, \\\"Love Never Dies\\\", alongside Sierra Boggess, performing the role until the show closed on August 27, 2011. On October 3, 2010, Karimloo played the role of Enjolras in the 25th anniversary concert of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" at The O2 Arena in London. In 2011, he sang Andrew Lloyd Webber's \\\"Music of the Night\\\" from \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" at the Miss World Competition, which took place in London. On October 1 and 2, 2011, he played the Phantom for three performances alongside \\\"Love Never Dies\\\" co-star Sierra Boggess as Christine Daaé in the 25th anniversary production of \\\"The Phantom\",\n \"title\": \"Ramin Karimloo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8739903\",\n \"text\": \"teach in New York City, Lockyer returned to acting for the European tour of Barbra Streisand's \\\"Broadway Boys\\\". He has also performed in \\\"42nd Street\\\" in Europe and \\\"Les Misérables\\\" in China and South Korea. Recently, Lockyer returned to his native Connecticut to play the role of Tom in \\\"The Glass Menagerie\\\" at the historical Ivoryton Playhouse. He is playing Jean Valjean in \\\"Les Misérables\\\" in the current national tour. Years before he played the role in a Hawaiian production of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", which he directed himself. He played Jean Valjean in \\\"Les Misérables\\\" in the US 25th anniversary tour\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Lockyer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793718\",\n \"text\": \"Thénardier, Jodie Prenger as Madame Thénardier, Carrie Hope Fletcher as Éponine, Alistair Brammer as Enjolras, Emily Langridge as Cosette, and Paul Wilkins as Marius. On 8 October 1995, the show celebrated the tenth anniversary of the West End production with a concert at the Royal Albert Hall. This 10th Anniversary Concert was nearly \\\"complete\\\", missing only a handful of scenes, including \\\"The Death of Gavroche\\\", \\\"The Robbery\\\" and the confrontation between Marius and the Thénardiers at the wedding feast. Sir Cameron Mackintosh hand-selected the cast, which became known as the \\\"Les Misérables Dream Cast\\\", assembled from around the world, and\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5989501\",\n \"text\": \"Cosette Cosette is a fictional character in the novel \\\"Les Misérables\\\" by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives her a surname. In the course of the novel, she is mistakenly identified as \\\"Ursule\\\", \\\"Lark\\\", or \\\"Mademoiselle Lanoire\\\". She is the daughter of Fantine, who leaves her to be looked after by the Thénardiers, who exploit and victimise her. Rescued by Jean Valjean, who raises Cosette as if she\",\n \"title\": \"Cosette\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5840558\",\n \"text\": \"the original concept recording of \\\"The Scarlet Pimpernel\\\" (1992). In 1999, he released a self-titled solo CD, on which he sang songs from the various musicals in which he has appeared. He played The Captain of the S.S. American in Kathleen Marshall's production of the Cole Porter musical \\\"Anything Goes\\\" in a year long tour that began in October 2012. In November 2013 he starred as Jean Valjean in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" as Equity Guest Artist at Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee. In February 2014, he reprised his role as Javert in \\\"Les Miserables\\\" for the North Carolina Theatre in Raleigh.\",\n \"title\": \"Chuck Wagner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17796701\",\n \"text\": \"Los miserables (2014 TV series) Los miserables (English: \\\"Les Misérables\\\"), is a telenovela that premiered on Telemundo on September 30, 2014, and concluded on March 24, 2015. The telenovela is produced by Argos Comunicación and Telemundo Studios, distributed by Telemundo Internacional and created by the Venezuelan author Valentina Párraga, based on the French novel \\\"Les Misérables\\\" written by Victor Hugo. It stars Aracely Arámbula as Lucía Durán — A woman pursued by law but innocent, who has to resist, fight and hide tenaciously and cunningly, until she demonstrates her integrity, with Erik Hayser, Aylín Mújica, Gabriel Porras and Marco Treviño,\",\n \"title\": \"Los miserables (2014 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10698484\",\n \"text\": \"in musical theatre in high school, she went on to graduate \\\"cum laude\\\" from Yale University, also doing some performing during her college years. Ewoldt performed the role of Princess Jasmine in Disneyland, and she also worked at the Tokyo Disney theme park before appearing in a U.S. tour of \\\"Les Misérables\\\". She began the tour as a member of the ensemble, and later understudied the role of Cosette, before she finally received the role during the tour. She then played Cosette in the \\\"Les Mis\\\" Broadway revival of 2006. From 2009 to 2011, Ewoldt starred in North American tour\",\n \"title\": \"Ali Ewoldt\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793679\",\n \"text\": \"at the death of his friends while he survives (\\\"Empty Chairs at Empty Tables\\\"). As he wonders who saved his own life, Cosette comforts him, and they reaffirm their blossoming romance. Valjean realises that Cosette will not need him as a caretaker once she's married and gives them his blessing (\\\"Every Day\\\"). Valjean confesses to Marius that he is an escaped convict and must go away because his presence endangers Cosette (\\\"Valjean's Confession\\\"), making Marius promise never to tell Cosette. A few months later, Marius and Cosette marry (\\\"Wedding Chorale\\\"). The Thénardiers crash the reception disguised as nobility and attempt\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19049620\",\n \"text\": \"is the female romantic lead and Jean Valjean's beloved adopted daughter. The name Cosette is of French origin, and is used mostly in English speaking countries, as the novel of \\\"Misérables\\\" the name also got international position in other countries and languages of the world. Despite the popularity of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" the musical, the name was given to only seventy-five girls in 2011. Cosette (given name) Cosette is a feminine given name, is pronounced koh-ZETT. It is of French origin, is best known as the heroine of \\\"\\\"Les Misérables\\\"\\\" (1862) by Victor Hugo, Cosette was the nickname given to the\",\n \"title\": \"Cosette (given name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9649142\",\n \"text\": \"His friend Matt Lucas also joined the cast as Thenardier. During his run as Valjean, Boe appeared in the \\\"\\\"Les Misérables\\\" v Lend Me a Tenor Battle of the Tenors\\\" at Soho's Winnett Street, London on 13 July 2011. In August, Boe performed with the National Symphony Orchestra at Beau Sejour and Gloucester Hall. In 2015, he reprised the role of Valjean in the Broadway revival of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" at the Imperial Theatre in New York. He succeeded Ramin Karimloo - who played Enjolras in the 25th Anniversary concert - on 1 September 2015. Alfie starred as the romantic lead\",\n \"title\": \"Alfie Boe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18186831\",\n \"text\": \"in the final. The Liga Alef cup contested by the top 8 clubs in each division of 1972–73 Liga Alef. Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup The 25th Anniversary Cup () was a stand-alone cup competition played to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The competition was played at the end of the 1972–73 season, while the national football team was involved in the 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification. The cup was played as two competitions, for Liga Leumit and for Liga Alef. The Liga Leumit Cup was won by Maccabi Petah Tikva, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa\",\n \"title\": \"Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18186830\",\n \"text\": \"Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup The 25th Anniversary Cup () was a stand-alone cup competition played to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The competition was played at the end of the 1972–73 season, while the national football team was involved in the 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification. The cup was played as two competitions, for Liga Leumit and for Liga Alef. The Liga Leumit Cup was won by Maccabi Petah Tikva, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa in the final on penalties. The Liga Alef Cup was won by Hapoel Yehud, having beaten Hapoel Ramat Gan 2–0\",\n \"title\": \"Israeli 25th Anniversary Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18890419\",\n \"text\": \"the Musical Awards Gala TV Show performing ‘Sun and Moon’ live on Dutch Television. Also her performance of ‘Last night of the world’ during the annual Uitmarkt in Amsterdam was shown live on Dutch Television. In June 2014 she finished portraying the role of Fantine in Les Miserables at the Queen’s Theatre, West End. For this portrayal she got nominated for a Broadwayworld UK/West End award in the category Best performance in a long-running West End show. She also reprised the role of Fantine in the revival of Les Miserables in Korea. In July 2017, she played the leading role\",\n \"title\": \"Na-Young Jeon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15900569\",\n \"text\": \"groundbreaking.\\\" Clips of Jackman, Hathaway, Seyfried, Redmayne and Barks singing were received very positively, especially the teaser trailer's presentation of \\\"I Dreamed a Dream\\\" by Hathaway. Producers released a new poster, featuring young Cosette (in what is essentially a real-life version of the musical's emblem), played by Isabelle Allen, 24 September 2012, on the film's official Facebook page. They released posters featuring Jean Valjean, Javert, Fantine, and Cosette 12 October, with additional posters of Thénardiers and Marius released 1 November 2012. \\\"Les Misérables\\\" was originally to be released 7 December 2012 before the studio moved it to 14 December in\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17604547\",\n \"text\": \"in the musical after Valjean acquires Cosette from the Thenardiers, and before the 9-year jump: There has been speculation by news outlets such as BroadwayWorld that the song \\\"may be added to the stage show at some point.\\\" The song \\\"beautifully explains what happens when Valjean takes Cosette from the inn and looks after her\\\". The song is performed by Jean Valjean, played by Hugh Jackman in the film version. Music is by Claude-Michel Schonberg, while the lyrics are by Herbert Kretzmer and Alain Boublil. A reprise of the song is performed by Marius and Cosette toward the end of\",\n \"title\": \"Suddenly (Les Misérables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18994998\",\n \"text\": \"were dimmed at the Les Miserables' Imperial Theatre, Hamilton's Marquee at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, and Cleveland's Playhouse Square on September 1, 2015 at 10:15 PM in his honor. The \\\"Les Misérables\\\" production released a statement, saying, The entire \\\"Les Miserables\\\" family is shocked and devastated by the sudden and tragic loss of Kyle, a remarkable young talent and tremendous person who made magic and history in his Broadway debut. We send our deepest condolences to his family and ask that you respect their privacy in this unimaginably difficult time. Other entertainers tweeted their condolences, including Kristin Chenoweth, Debra Messing,\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle Jean-Baptiste\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"718935\",\n \"text\": \"punch out a window pane, which she does, resulting in cutting her hand (as Thénardier had hoped). The philanthropist and his daughter enter—actually Valjean and Cosette. Marius immediately recognizes Cosette. After seeing them, Valjean promises them he will return with rent money for them. After he and Cosette leave, Marius asks Éponine to retrieve her address for him. Éponine, who is in love with Marius herself, reluctantly agrees to do so. The Thénardiers have also recognized Valjean and Cosette, and vow their revenge. Thénardier enlists the aid of the Patron-Minette, a well-known and feared gang of murderers and robbers. Marius\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16417219\",\n \"text\": \"Caruso (NBC Sound Of Music Live!); Rodney Earl Clarke (On The Town West End); Collabro (Britain’s Got Talent Winners); Maria Coyne (Wicked West End); Louise Dearman (Wicked West End); Killian Donnelly (Les Miserables West End); Samantha Dorsey (Les Miserables West End); Kerry Ellis (Wicked West End); Alice Fearn (Wicked West End); Ben Forster (Phantom Of The Opera West End); Emma Hatton (Wicked West End); Kara Lily-Hayworth (Cilla UK Tour); Matt Henry (Kinky Boots West End); Rob Houchen (Les Miserables West End); Ida; James Monroe Iglehart (Hamilton Broadway); Charlotte Jaconelli (Heathers The Musical West End), Emma Kingston (Evita International Tour); Luke\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel and Laura Curtis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6420654\",\n \"text\": \"NBL (Australia) 25th Anniversary Team To mark its 25th anniversary during the 2003–2004 season, the National Basketball League (NBL) announced its 25th Anniversary All-Time team on 9 December 2003. As a way of recognising the single best and most influential player in league history, the player who received the most first-placed votes in the voting process for this team was also named the \\\"NBL 25th Anniversary Most Valuable Player\\\". To be eligible for selection, players and coaches must have played or coached in at least 100 NBL games. Selection Committee members were asked to vote regardless of position, with Australian\",\n \"title\": \"NBL (Australia) 25th Anniversary Team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793665\",\n \"text\": \"House\\\"). Valjean meets Cosette while she's on an errand drawing water and offers the Thénardiers payment to adopt her (\\\"The Bargain\\\"). The Thénardiers feign concern for Cosette, claiming that they love her like a daughter and that she is in fragile health, and bargain with Valjean, who pays them 1,500 francs in the end. Valjean and Cosette leave for Paris (\\\"The Waltz of Treachery\\\"). Nine years later, in 1832, Paris is in upheaval because of the impending death of General Lamarque, the only man in the government who shows mercy to the poor. Among those mingling in the streets are\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793740\",\n \"text\": \"as Fantine, Gay Soper as Mme. Thénardier, Barry James as Thénardier, Kaho Shimada as Éponine, Michael Ball as Marius, Anthony Warlow as Enjolras, and Tracy Shayne as Cosette. The 10th Anniversary recording was of a concert version of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", performed at the Royal Albert Hall in October 1995, featuring full orchestra and choir. All parts were sung live, giving the performance a different mood from other recording. The score was recorded consecutively without pauses or multiple recordings. The concert's encores are also included. As with the original recordings, however, they differed from the stage versions by excluding some songs\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9248167\",\n \"text\": \"absence. The corps 2011 repertoire was \\\"Les Miserables,\\\" marking the 15th anniversary of the corps performance of Les Mis in 1996, a season which began their return to prominence. The corps has been steadily improving ever since, regaining Open Class status in 2013, just missing finals in 11th place. They returned to Open Class Finals in 2015, after a 15-year absence, placing 9th. The Sunrisers 2016 show was entitled \\\"House of Cards\\\". Moving up the standings yet again, the corps placed 8th with a score of 88.53. Sunrisers Drum and Bugle Corps The Sunrisers Drum and Bugle Corps is an\",\n \"title\": \"Sunrisers Drum and Bugle Corps\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16593535\",\n \"text\": \"Braden Danner Braden Danner (born July 13, 1975) is an American actor, writer, director and producer who has worked in theatre, television, and film. He is a graduate of The USC School of Cinematic Arts. He gained critical acclaim for his performances on the stage and screen in roles such as Oliver in \\\"Oliver!\\\" on Broadway, Gavroche in the Original Broadway Cast of \\\"Les Miserables\\\", and Buddy McGillis in ABC's \\\"One Life to Live\\\", for which he was nominated for The Young Artist Award. While performing in \\\"Les Miserables\\\", he also originated the role of Control in Andrew Lloyd Webber's\",\n \"title\": \"Braden Danner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4327706\",\n \"text\": \"on 6 October 2007. After finishing his London contract, Owen-Jones went to the US to perform the role of Valjean on Broadway, trading locales with Drew Sarich, who was playing the role of Valjean in the American production. Owen-Jones began performances on 23 October 2007 and returned in January 2008 when the show finished its Broadway run. Owen-Jones most recently played Valjean on the 25th Anniversary International Touring production of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", which opened 12 December 2009 in Cardiff, and ended 2 October 2010 at the Barbican Theatre in London, where the show first played. He is currently playing the\",\n \"title\": \"John Owen-Jones\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9252542\",\n \"text\": \"at the Queen's Theatre until leaving the show on 23 June 2009. He has rejoined the cast of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" during the 25th Anniversary International Tour of Les Misérables 2010 as Enjolras and is on the live recording Album. Robyns appeared at the O2 Arena on October 3 alongside current/previous cast members from across the world in a 25th Anniversary concert. In 2008 Robyns recorded a song for the CD \\\"Act One - Songs From The Musicals Of Alexander S. Bermange\\\", an album of 20 brand new recordings by 26 West End stars, released in November 2008 on Dress Circle\",\n \"title\": \"Jon Robyns\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"718930\",\n \"text\": \"more out of Valjean, runs after them, holding the 1,500 francs, and tells Valjean he wants Cosette back. He informs Valjean that he cannot release Cosette without a note from the child's mother. Valjean hands Thénardier Fantine's letter authorizing the bearer to take Cosette. Thénardier then demands that Valjean pay a thousand crowns, but Valjean and Cosette leave. Thénardier regrets that he did not bring his gun and turns back toward home. Valjean and Cosette flee to Paris. Valjean rents new lodgings at Gorbeau House, where he and Cosette live happily. However, Javert discovers Valjean's lodgings there a few months\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7142539\",\n \"text\": \"Purse and Operation Christmas Child. Prior has received numerous awards; these include two Mo Awards (1991, 1995), three Green Room Awards (\\\"Les Miserables\\\" in 1990, \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" in 1991, and \\\"Kiss Me, Kate\\\" in 2005) and in 1993 the Advance Australia Award for her contribution to the performing arts. She has been nominated for the Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Musical three times: for \\\"The Witches of Eastwick\\\" (2003), \\\"The 25th Annual Putnum County Spelling Bee\\\" (2006) and \\\"Guys and Dolls\\\" (2008). She was also nominated for Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role\",\n \"title\": \"Marina Prior\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793735\",\n \"text\": \"date. The film was given its general US release on Christmas Day 2012. Principal cast members include Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean, Russell Crowe as Javert, Anne Hathaway as Fantine, Amanda Seyfried as Cosette, Eddie Redmayne as Marius Pontmercy, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Aaron Tveit as Enjolras, and Sacha Baron Cohen and Helena Bonham Carter as the Thénardiers. Other notable actors who played roles in the film include Bertie Carvel as Bamatabois, Colm Wilkinson as the Bishop of Digne and Frances Ruffelle as a prostitute. The following recordings of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" are available in English: the Original London Cast, the\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793663\",\n \"text\": \"could free him forever, but he is not willing to see an innocent man go to prison in his place and so confesses his identity to the court (\\\"Who Am I?—The Trial\\\"). At the hospital, a delirious Fantine dreams of Cosette. Valjean promises to find Cosette and protect her (\\\"Come to Me\\\" / \\\"Fantine's Death\\\"). Relieved, Fantine succumbs to her illness and dies. Javert arrives to take Valjean back into custody, but Valjean asks Javert for time to fetch Cosette. Javert refuses, insisting that a criminal like Valjean can never change or do good. They struggle, but Valjean overpowers Javert\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4327701\",\n \"text\": \"John Owen-Jones John Owen-Jones (born 5 May 1971) is a Welsh musical theatre actor and singer, best known for his portrayals of Jean Valjean in Alain Boublil & Claude-Michel Schönberg's \\\"Les Misérables\\\" and of The Phantom in Andrew Lloyd Webber's \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\". He most recently appeared as Valjean on the 25th Anniversary Tour of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", and as The Phantom in The Phantom Of The Opera UK Tour, as part of the 25th anniversary celebrations. He has now recorded three studio albums. Owen-Jones was born in 1971 and originates from Burry Port in Carmarthenshire. He was educated\",\n \"title\": \"John Owen-Jones\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793655\",\n \"text\": \"Theatre. On 3 October 2010, the show celebrated its 25th anniversary with three productions running in London: the original production at the Queen's Theatre; the 25th Anniversary touring production at its 1985 try-out venue, the Barbican Centre; and the 25th Anniversary concert at London's O2 Arena. The Broadway production opened 12 March 1987 and ran until 18 May 2003, closing after 6,680 performances. It is the fifth longest-running Broadway show in history and was the second-longest at the time. The show was nominated for 12 Tony Awards and won eight, including Best Musical and Best Original Score. Subsequently, numerous tours\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13293646\",\n \"text\": \"the falsely accused man by identifying himself as Valjean. Valjean returns to his town and tries to help the dying Fantine while he awaits arrest. He learns how the Thénardiers are caring for her daughter Cosette. Javert insists on arresting him, Fantine dies, and Valjean escapes. He ransoms Cosette from the Thénardiers and gives her a doll. Living in Paris with Cosette, Valjean escapes from Javert, who is directing police searches of the district where he is living, by climbing a wall, landing in the garden of a Paris convent. The gardener is the man he rescued from being crushed\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (1978 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13293647\",\n \"text\": \"under a cart, who agrees to pretend he and Valjean are brothers and recommends him to the nuns as a gardener. Cosette attends the convent school. When she completes her education and has become a young woman, Valjean decides they should leave the convent's cloistered premises so she can experience the world. Valjean and Cosette are strolling in a public garden and pause to listen to radicals denounce the government. Cosette and Marius, one of the radical group though not a speaker, see one another and their eyes lock. Marius pays the urchin Gavroche to tail them and report their\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (1978 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10722539\",\n \"text\": \"Cosette\\\" is a two-part song sung by Cosette, Marius and Valjean. The second part is often known as \\\"A Heart Full of Love (Reprise)\\\". Gillenormand sings part of the song in the 2012 film. French Versions \\\"Valjean's Confession\\\" is sung by Valjean and Marius. Though important for the plot, the music is more important as an introduction to \\\"Who Am I?\\\". \\\"The Wedding\\\" is a very brief song, also known as the \\\"Wedding Chorale\\\", and is sung by the guests on Cosette and Marius's wedding. The second part is a dialogue-heavy song that is often abridged or cut, sung by\",\n \"title\": \"Songs from Les Misérables\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793707\",\n \"text\": \"about 16 hours. This allowed it to reach many cities and venues in its acclaimed, original Broadway form. The final company of the Third National Tour included Randal Keith as Valjean (Keith also played Valjean in the final company of the original Broadway engagement), Robert Hunt as Javert, Joan Almedilla as Fantine, Daniel Bogart as Marius, Norman Large (from Original Broadway Cast) as Monsieur Thénardier, Jennifer Butt (from Original Broadway Cast) as Madame Thénardier, Melissa Lyons as Éponine, Ali Ewoldt as Cosette, Victor Wallace as Enjolras, Meg Guzulescu and Rachel Schier alternating as Young Cosette and Young Éponine, and Austyn\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6551119\",\n \"text\": \"role in the 2014 Broadway revival of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", making his Broadway debut, and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He concluded his run on August 30, 2015, and was replaced by Alfie Boe, who portrayed Valjean in the 25th Anniversary concert. On May 29, 2015 it was announced that Karimloo would be leading the musical \\\"Prince of Broadway\\\" that features songs from all of Harold Prince's famous musicals in Japan. Rehearsals began in September in New York. On September 25, 2015 he played the role of Barry Hamidi in \\\"Worst Case Scenario\\\", the\",\n \"title\": \"Ramin Karimloo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16249458\",\n \"text\": \"Earl Carpenter Earl Carpenter (born 9 May 1970) is an English musical theatre actor, recognised chiefly for his work in London's West End. He is known for his performances as Javert in the stage musical \\\"Les Misérables\\\" and as the Phantom in the London production of \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\". He recently starred played the Phantom in the 25th Anniversary UK Tour, replacing John Owen-Jones, who left the tour in September. He made his return to Broadway in May 2015, reprising his role of Inspector Javert and recently a new show in Singapore \\\"Forbidden City\\\" As part of the\",\n \"title\": \"Earl Carpenter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8428336\",\n \"text\": \"Galloway had a principal role in the fifth series episode of \\\"Marple\\\" \\\"The Pale Horse\\\" alongside Julia McKenzie. Her role was Bella Ellis – the town's local witch and cook to Thyrza Grey, (played by Pauline Collins) – who are considered prime suspects at many points during the episode. The episode aired as the first part of the fifth series in the UK in August 2010, for some reason before the fourth series had finished airing. She also reprised her role as Madame Thénardier in the 2010 25th anniversary concert of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" at the O2 arena, London in October\",\n \"title\": \"Jenny Galloway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15712907\",\n \"text\": \"was officially listed (and performed) as third cover Valjean. He eventually finished in \\\"Les Misérables\\\" on 18 June 2011. Donnelly's next role was Raoul in Andrew Lloyd Webber's \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" at Her Majesty's Theatre. During this time, he also featured in commercials for McDonald's and Jameson Whiskey, and appeared on such television shows as \\\"The Tudors\\\", \\\"The Open House\\\", \\\"The Late Late Show\\\" and \\\"Showbands\\\". He later performed in \\\"You Should Be Dancing\\\" at the National Concert Hall. On 3 October 2010, Donnelly played the role of Courfeyrac in the 25th Anniversary Concert of \\\"Les Misérables\\\" at\",\n \"title\": \"Killian Donnelly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16815462\",\n \"text\": \"Les Fleurs du Mal (Therion album) Les Fleurs du Mal is a cover album and the fifteenth full-length album by Swedish symphonic metal band Therion. It was released on 28 September 2012 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the band. Named after the 1857 volume of poetry \\\"Les Fleurs du mal\\\", the album is fully sung in French language. It consist of metal cover versions of French pop songs from 1960s and 1970s, mostly from the ye-ye genre. The album was financed by Christofer Johnsson who considers the album an art project. It was made available for pre-order at Therion's\",\n \"title\": \"Les Fleurs du Mal (Therion album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1793702\",\n \"text\": \"again produced the show. On 22 October 2013, it was announced that Ramin Karimloo, Will Swenson, Caissie Levy, and Nikki M. James would be headlining the revival cast as Jean Valjean, Javert, Fantine, and Éponine respectively. Andy Mientus and Samantha Hill also star as Marius and Cosette respectively. Angeli Negron and McKayla Twiggs share the role of Young Cosette. On 30 August 2015, Karimloo ended his run of the show as was replaced by Alfie Boe. After Boe's final performance on 28 February, the role of Valjean was played by John Owen-Jones beginning 1 March 2016 until the production closed\",\n \"title\": \"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":90,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"91"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the last time the falcons were in the super bowl"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["2016"],"string":"[\n \"2016\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"22311","text":"2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos and the second was eighteen years later, a overtime defeat by the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opened for the 2017 season; the team's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a site in Flowery Branch, northeast of Atlanta in Hall County. Professional football first came to Atlanta in 1962, when the American Football League (AFL) staged two preseason contests,","title":"Atlanta Falcons"},{"docid":"13664480","text":"This first meeting came in 1995 at Memorial Stadium in Clemson when the Bucs won 20–13. The last meeting came in 2016 at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa when the Bucs won 17–16. The Panthers lead the series 20–12. The Falcons–Panthers rivalry is a rivalry between the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. Both franchises have a combined twelve divisional titles (eleven as members of the same division) and four Super Bowl appearances, with the Falcons appearing in Super Bowl XXXIII and Super Bowl LI and the Panthers appearing in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50. The","title":"National Football League rivalries"},{"docid":"19121779","text":"the NFC Championship Game for the first time since 2012. In the NFC Championship game, they defeated the Green Bay Packers, 44–21, to reach Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots. The game marked the Falcons' second Super Bowl appearance; they had competed in Super Bowl XXXIII 18 years earlier. Reaching overtime for the first time in Super Bowl history, the Falcons lost 28-34, after leading 28–3 midway through the third quarter. Although it ended in defeat, the 2016 Falcons season was one of the most successful in team history, being only their second Super Bowl appearance","title":"2016 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"16858056","text":"Reeves. This was also Brady's seventh Super Bowl appearance, the most appearances by a player in Super Bowl history. The Atlanta Falcons, under second-year head coach Dan Quinn, finished the 2016 season with an 11–5 record, earning them the No. 2 seed in the NFC playoffs. It was a big reversal of declining fortunes for the team, who had failed to qualify to play in the playoffs in each of the last three seasons. The Falcons were loaded with offensive firepower, leading all NFL teams in scoring with 540 points. Nine-year veteran quarterback Matt Ryan earned the NFL MVP and","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"docid":"6972545","text":"During the 2016 season, McDaniels coached the offense in another Patriots championship season, this time winning Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. McDaniels was with the New England Patriots for all five of their Super Bowl championships: Super Bowl XXXVI, Super Bowl XXXVIII, Super Bowl XXXIX, Super Bowl XLIX, and Super Bowl LI. On February 6, 2018, McDaniels was announced as the new head coach of the Indianapolis Colts. However, McDaniels withdrew from the position on the same day and announced that he had","title":"Josh McDaniels"},{"docid":"394946","text":"in Weeks 15 and 16, and won both games. The Falcons did not return to play in another Super Bowl until 2016, when they lost 28–34 to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Broncos demolished the Miami Dolphins 38–3 and beat the New York Jets 23–10 in the playoffs. Meanwhile, the Falcons were victorious against the San Francisco 49ers, 20–18 and then upset the heavily favored 15-1 Minnesota Vikings on the road, 30–27 in overtime. This was the third Super Bowl in history that featured two teams with two losses or less. Both teams came into the","title":"Super Bowl XXXIII"},{"docid":"11430409","text":"and were four points away from the Super Bowl. After five successful seasons, the Falcons took a turn for the worse and generated records of 4-12, 6-10, and 8-8 the next three years. In 2016, the Falcons finished the regular season 11-5, and they earned a trip to the Super Bowl, winning the NFC Championship against the Packers. It was also the last game at the Georgia Dome. Thomas Dimitroff Thomas George Dimitroff, Jr. (born July 14, 1966) is an American-Canadian football executive who is the general manager for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). Before joining","title":"Thomas Dimitroff"},{"docid":"20017119","text":"field goal for the first time that year, which, if converted, would have given the Vikings a nearly insurmountable 10-point lead. Instead, the Falcons scored a touchdown to tie the game on their ensuing drive and subsequently won by a field goal in overtime. Due to its impact on the game's outcome, Anderson's missed field goal has since become the focal point of the loss. The Falcons lost 34–19 to the Denver Broncos two weeks later in Super Bowl XXXIII. Neither the Falcons nor the Vikings would return to the Super Bowl until the 2016 NFL season, when the Falcons","title":"1998 NFC Championship Game"},{"docid":"22311","text":"2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos and the second was eighteen years later, a overtime defeat by the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opened for the 2017 season; the team's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a site in Flowery Branch, northeast of Atlanta in Hall County. Professional football first came to Atlanta in 1962, when the American Football League (AFL) staged two preseason contests,","title":"Atlanta Falcons"},{"docid":"17263401","text":"became a Super Bowl champion when the Seahawks beat the Denver Broncos 43–8 in Super Bowl XLVIII for their first Super Bowl in franchise history. Smith was released with an injury settlement by the Seahawks on March 24, 2015 and later picked up by the Atlanta Falcons. Smith was signed to the practice squad by the Atlanta Falcons on March 18, 2015. Smith was signed by the Cowboys. On August 23, 2016, Smith was waived/injured. After clearing waivers, Smith was placed on injured reserve. Smith reached an undisclosed injury settlement with the Cowboys on September 5, 2016. Smith was subsequently","title":"Jared Smith (American football)"},{"docid":"376018","text":"Denver Broncos to an upset victory over the defending champion Packers, snapping the NFC's 13-year winning streak. The following year, the Broncos defeated the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's fifth Super Bowl appearance, his second NFL championship, and his final NFL game. The back-to-back victories heralded a change in momentum in which AFC teams would win nine out of 12 Super Bowls. In the years between 1995 and 2016, five teams – the Steelers, New England Patriots, Broncos, Baltimore Ravens, and Indianapolis Colts – accounted for 20 of the 22 AFC Super Bowl appearances (including the last 14),","title":"Super Bowl"},{"docid":"16719657","text":"had worked under when with the Washington Redskins. Matt's brother, Mike, was the offensive assistant with the Falcons as well. In the 2016 season, LaFleur and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On February 8, 2017, LaFleur joined the Los Angeles Rams coaching staff as the offensive coordinator, working under Head Coach Sean McVay, whom he previously had worked with during his tenure with the Washington Redskins. On January 30, 2018, LaFleur left his position with the","title":"Matt LaFleur"},{"docid":"18276279","text":"Coleman's efforts were not enough as the Patriots defeated the Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. Coleman's third quarter touchdown were the last points the Falcons would score in the Super Bowl before allowing the Patriots' comeback. Coleman's 6.3 yards per touch in 2016 was second among NFL running backs with more than 100 touches (carries plus receptions). In Week 2, in the 34–23 victory over the Green Bay Packers, Coleman had six carries for 42 yards and a three-yard receiving touchdown in the first game in the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium. His touchdown reception was the first receiving","title":"Tevin Coleman"},{"docid":"16858108","text":"the third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were estimated at 99.8%. Sources: The Football Database Super Bowl LI Completions/attempts<br>Carries<br>Long gain<br>Receptions<br>Times targeted Super Bowl LI had eight officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"docid":"15151361","text":"games.). The Falcons would remain at Fulton County Stadium until the 1991 NFL season, then move to the Georgia Dome the following season, where they remained through the 2016 season. The Georgia Dome hosted Super Bowl XXVIII where the Buffalo Bills lost 30-13 to the Dallas Cowboys. It was the Bills' second straight Super Bowl loss to the Cowboys and fourth straight Super Bowl loss overall. The same year that the Falcons debuted in the NFL, the Miami Dolphins made their debut in the American Football League (AFL) at the Orange Bowl. The Dolphins would join the NFL in 1970","title":"Venues of the 1996 Summer Olympics"},{"docid":"19181935","text":"In the 2016 season, Olatoye and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots. In the Super Bowl, he had two total tackles as the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On September 21, 2017, Olatoye was waived by the Falcons. On October 25, 2017, Olatoye signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was waived on November 7, 2017. He was re-signed on November 29, 2017. He was waived again on December 12, 2017. On December 14, 2017, Olatoye signed with the Falcons. He was waived on December 29, 2017. Olatoye was born to","title":"Deji Olatoye"},{"docid":"7174385","text":"the Year for the 2016 season. During Super Bowl LI, the Falcons held a 28–3 lead over the Patriots, in part thanks to Shanahan's play-calling and the Falcons' execution of those plays. However, Shanahan was criticized for being too aggressive by not using a ball-control running attack late in the game which, along with a crucial turnover by Falcons' quarterback Matt Ryan, resulted in the Falcons losing by a score of 34–28 in overtime. On February 6, 2017, one day after the Super Bowl, Shanahan was officially hired as the next head coach of the San Francisco 49ers.. He won","title":"Kyle Shanahan"},{"docid":"17522256","text":"on performance-enhancing substances. On September 29, 2015, Reynolds signed with the Chicago Bears. On March 16, 2016, Reynolds signed with the Atlanta Falcons. In the 2016 season, Reynolds and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On March 9, 2017, Reynolds signed a one-year contract extension with the Falcons. He was placed on injured reserve on September 4, 2017 after suffering a pectoral injury. He was activated off injured reserve to the active roster on October 31, 2017.","title":"LaRoy Reynolds"},{"docid":"19481087","text":"won Super Bowl LI. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. The PFWA named Thuney to its 2016 All-Rookie Team at guard. Thuney made it to his second straight Super Bowl when the Patriots defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Championship Game. The Patriots failed to repeat as Super Bowl Champions when they lost 41-33 to the Philadelphia Eagles. Joe Thuney Joseph Thuney ( ; born November 16, 1992) is an American football guard for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at","title":"Joe Thuney"},{"docid":"11466904","text":"sack though he also had a career record of 55 tackles. On March 11, 2014, Jackson signed a five-year $25 million deal with the Atlanta Falcons. In the 2016 season, Jackson and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, Jackson had one total tackle as the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On March 9, 2017, Jackson was released by the Falcons. Jackson is cousins with Dillon Gordon, who is an offensive guard for the Kansas City Chiefs. Tyson Jackson Anthony Tyson Jackson (born June","title":"Tyson Jackson"},{"docid":"16858081","text":"a Super Bowl since Billy Joel at Super Bowl XLI. Immediately before Bryan sang the national anthem, Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry and Jasmine Cephas Jones, who originated the roles of the Schuyler sisters in the Broadway musical \"Hamilton\", performed \"America the Beautiful\". After the national anthem, former President George H. W. Bush performed the coin toss alongside his wife, Barbara. The Patriots called heads, but the Falcons won the coin toss with tails. The Falcons chose to defer to the second half. On September 29, 2016, Lady Gaga, who had performed the national anthem the previous year at Super","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"docid":"10555418","text":"in Super Bowl XXXI. In the 2016 season, Henderson and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. He and his wife, Traci, have three children, Jazmin and twins Taylor and Tyler. http://www.dallascowboys.com/team/coaches/roster/jerome-henderson retrieved 1/9/2016 Jerome Henderson Jerome Virgil Henderson (born August 8, 1969) is a former American football Cornerback for the New England Patriots, Buffalo Bills, Philadelphia Eagles and New York Jets of the National Football League. He played college football at Clemson University and was drafted in","title":"Jerome Henderson"},{"docid":"10256059","text":"was hired by the Washington Redskins to be their defensive backs coach. On January 26, 2015, it was announced Morris was joining the Atlanta Falcons as assistant head coach/defensive backs. On January 25, 2016, Morris was named the wide receivers coach and no longer the defensive backs coach. In the 2016 season, Morris and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. NFL head coaches under whom Morris has served: Raheem Morris Raheem Morris (born September 3, 1976) is","title":"Raheem Morris"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"22311\",\n \"text\": \"2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos and the second was eighteen years later, a overtime defeat by the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opened for the 2017 season; the team's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a site in Flowery Branch, northeast of Atlanta in Hall County. Professional football first came to Atlanta in 1962, when the American Football League (AFL) staged two preseason contests,\",\n \"title\": \"Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13664480\",\n \"text\": \"This first meeting came in 1995 at Memorial Stadium in Clemson when the Bucs won 20–13. The last meeting came in 2016 at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa when the Bucs won 17–16. The Panthers lead the series 20–12. The Falcons–Panthers rivalry is a rivalry between the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. Both franchises have a combined twelve divisional titles (eleven as members of the same division) and four Super Bowl appearances, with the Falcons appearing in Super Bowl XXXIII and Super Bowl LI and the Panthers appearing in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50. The\",\n \"title\": \"National Football League rivalries\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19121779\",\n \"text\": \"the NFC Championship Game for the first time since 2012. In the NFC Championship game, they defeated the Green Bay Packers, 44–21, to reach Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots. The game marked the Falcons' second Super Bowl appearance; they had competed in Super Bowl XXXIII 18 years earlier. Reaching overtime for the first time in Super Bowl history, the Falcons lost 28-34, after leading 28–3 midway through the third quarter. Although it ended in defeat, the 2016 Falcons season was one of the most successful in team history, being only their second Super Bowl appearance\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16858056\",\n \"text\": \"Reeves. This was also Brady's seventh Super Bowl appearance, the most appearances by a player in Super Bowl history. The Atlanta Falcons, under second-year head coach Dan Quinn, finished the 2016 season with an 11–5 record, earning them the No. 2 seed in the NFC playoffs. It was a big reversal of declining fortunes for the team, who had failed to qualify to play in the playoffs in each of the last three seasons. The Falcons were loaded with offensive firepower, leading all NFL teams in scoring with 540 points. Nine-year veteran quarterback Matt Ryan earned the NFL MVP and\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6972545\",\n \"text\": \"During the 2016 season, McDaniels coached the offense in another Patriots championship season, this time winning Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. McDaniels was with the New England Patriots for all five of their Super Bowl championships: Super Bowl XXXVI, Super Bowl XXXVIII, Super Bowl XXXIX, Super Bowl XLIX, and Super Bowl LI. On February 6, 2018, McDaniels was announced as the new head coach of the Indianapolis Colts. However, McDaniels withdrew from the position on the same day and announced that he had\",\n \"title\": \"Josh McDaniels\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394946\",\n \"text\": \"in Weeks 15 and 16, and won both games. The Falcons did not return to play in another Super Bowl until 2016, when they lost 28–34 to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Broncos demolished the Miami Dolphins 38–3 and beat the New York Jets 23–10 in the playoffs. Meanwhile, the Falcons were victorious against the San Francisco 49ers, 20–18 and then upset the heavily favored 15-1 Minnesota Vikings on the road, 30–27 in overtime. This was the third Super Bowl in history that featured two teams with two losses or less. Both teams came into the\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11430409\",\n \"text\": \"and were four points away from the Super Bowl. After five successful seasons, the Falcons took a turn for the worse and generated records of 4-12, 6-10, and 8-8 the next three years. In 2016, the Falcons finished the regular season 11-5, and they earned a trip to the Super Bowl, winning the NFC Championship against the Packers. It was also the last game at the Georgia Dome. Thomas Dimitroff Thomas George Dimitroff, Jr. (born July 14, 1966) is an American-Canadian football executive who is the general manager for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). Before joining\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Dimitroff\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20017119\",\n \"text\": \"field goal for the first time that year, which, if converted, would have given the Vikings a nearly insurmountable 10-point lead. Instead, the Falcons scored a touchdown to tie the game on their ensuing drive and subsequently won by a field goal in overtime. Due to its impact on the game's outcome, Anderson's missed field goal has since become the focal point of the loss. The Falcons lost 34–19 to the Denver Broncos two weeks later in Super Bowl XXXIII. Neither the Falcons nor the Vikings would return to the Super Bowl until the 2016 NFL season, when the Falcons\",\n \"title\": \"1998 NFC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22311\",\n \"text\": \"2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos and the second was eighteen years later, a overtime defeat by the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opened for the 2017 season; the team's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a site in Flowery Branch, northeast of Atlanta in Hall County. Professional football first came to Atlanta in 1962, when the American Football League (AFL) staged two preseason contests,\",\n \"title\": \"Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17263401\",\n \"text\": \"became a Super Bowl champion when the Seahawks beat the Denver Broncos 43–8 in Super Bowl XLVIII for their first Super Bowl in franchise history. Smith was released with an injury settlement by the Seahawks on March 24, 2015 and later picked up by the Atlanta Falcons. Smith was signed to the practice squad by the Atlanta Falcons on March 18, 2015. Smith was signed by the Cowboys. On August 23, 2016, Smith was waived/injured. After clearing waivers, Smith was placed on injured reserve. Smith reached an undisclosed injury settlement with the Cowboys on September 5, 2016. Smith was subsequently\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Smith (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"376018\",\n \"text\": \"Denver Broncos to an upset victory over the defending champion Packers, snapping the NFC's 13-year winning streak. The following year, the Broncos defeated the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's fifth Super Bowl appearance, his second NFL championship, and his final NFL game. The back-to-back victories heralded a change in momentum in which AFC teams would win nine out of 12 Super Bowls. In the years between 1995 and 2016, five teams – the Steelers, New England Patriots, Broncos, Baltimore Ravens, and Indianapolis Colts – accounted for 20 of the 22 AFC Super Bowl appearances (including the last 14),\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16719657\",\n \"text\": \"had worked under when with the Washington Redskins. Matt's brother, Mike, was the offensive assistant with the Falcons as well. In the 2016 season, LaFleur and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On February 8, 2017, LaFleur joined the Los Angeles Rams coaching staff as the offensive coordinator, working under Head Coach Sean McVay, whom he previously had worked with during his tenure with the Washington Redskins. On January 30, 2018, LaFleur left his position with the\",\n \"title\": \"Matt LaFleur\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18276279\",\n \"text\": \"Coleman's efforts were not enough as the Patriots defeated the Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. Coleman's third quarter touchdown were the last points the Falcons would score in the Super Bowl before allowing the Patriots' comeback. Coleman's 6.3 yards per touch in 2016 was second among NFL running backs with more than 100 touches (carries plus receptions). In Week 2, in the 34–23 victory over the Green Bay Packers, Coleman had six carries for 42 yards and a three-yard receiving touchdown in the first game in the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium. His touchdown reception was the first receiving\",\n \"title\": \"Tevin Coleman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16858108\",\n \"text\": \"the third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were estimated at 99.8%. Sources: The Football Database Super Bowl LI Completions/attempts<br>Carries<br>Long gain<br>Receptions<br>Times targeted Super Bowl LI had eight officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15151361\",\n \"text\": \"games.). The Falcons would remain at Fulton County Stadium until the 1991 NFL season, then move to the Georgia Dome the following season, where they remained through the 2016 season. The Georgia Dome hosted Super Bowl XXVIII where the Buffalo Bills lost 30-13 to the Dallas Cowboys. It was the Bills' second straight Super Bowl loss to the Cowboys and fourth straight Super Bowl loss overall. The same year that the Falcons debuted in the NFL, the Miami Dolphins made their debut in the American Football League (AFL) at the Orange Bowl. The Dolphins would join the NFL in 1970\",\n \"title\": \"Venues of the 1996 Summer Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19181935\",\n \"text\": \"In the 2016 season, Olatoye and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots. In the Super Bowl, he had two total tackles as the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On September 21, 2017, Olatoye was waived by the Falcons. On October 25, 2017, Olatoye signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was waived on November 7, 2017. He was re-signed on November 29, 2017. He was waived again on December 12, 2017. On December 14, 2017, Olatoye signed with the Falcons. He was waived on December 29, 2017. Olatoye was born to\",\n \"title\": \"Deji Olatoye\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7174385\",\n \"text\": \"the Year for the 2016 season. During Super Bowl LI, the Falcons held a 28–3 lead over the Patriots, in part thanks to Shanahan's play-calling and the Falcons' execution of those plays. However, Shanahan was criticized for being too aggressive by not using a ball-control running attack late in the game which, along with a crucial turnover by Falcons' quarterback Matt Ryan, resulted in the Falcons losing by a score of 34–28 in overtime. On February 6, 2017, one day after the Super Bowl, Shanahan was officially hired as the next head coach of the San Francisco 49ers.. He won\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle Shanahan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17522256\",\n \"text\": \"on performance-enhancing substances. On September 29, 2015, Reynolds signed with the Chicago Bears. On March 16, 2016, Reynolds signed with the Atlanta Falcons. In the 2016 season, Reynolds and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On March 9, 2017, Reynolds signed a one-year contract extension with the Falcons. He was placed on injured reserve on September 4, 2017 after suffering a pectoral injury. He was activated off injured reserve to the active roster on October 31, 2017.\",\n \"title\": \"LaRoy Reynolds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19481087\",\n \"text\": \"won Super Bowl LI. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. The PFWA named Thuney to its 2016 All-Rookie Team at guard. Thuney made it to his second straight Super Bowl when the Patriots defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Championship Game. The Patriots failed to repeat as Super Bowl Champions when they lost 41-33 to the Philadelphia Eagles. Joe Thuney Joseph Thuney ( ; born November 16, 1992) is an American football guard for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Thuney\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11466904\",\n \"text\": \"sack though he also had a career record of 55 tackles. On March 11, 2014, Jackson signed a five-year $25 million deal with the Atlanta Falcons. In the 2016 season, Jackson and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, Jackson had one total tackle as the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On March 9, 2017, Jackson was released by the Falcons. Jackson is cousins with Dillon Gordon, who is an offensive guard for the Kansas City Chiefs. Tyson Jackson Anthony Tyson Jackson (born June\",\n \"title\": \"Tyson Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16858081\",\n \"text\": \"a Super Bowl since Billy Joel at Super Bowl XLI. Immediately before Bryan sang the national anthem, Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry and Jasmine Cephas Jones, who originated the roles of the Schuyler sisters in the Broadway musical \\\"Hamilton\\\", performed \\\"America the Beautiful\\\". After the national anthem, former President George H. W. Bush performed the coin toss alongside his wife, Barbara. The Patriots called heads, but the Falcons won the coin toss with tails. The Falcons chose to defer to the second half. On September 29, 2016, Lady Gaga, who had performed the national anthem the previous year at Super\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10555418\",\n \"text\": \"in Super Bowl XXXI. In the 2016 season, Henderson and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. He and his wife, Traci, have three children, Jazmin and twins Taylor and Tyler. http://www.dallascowboys.com/team/coaches/roster/jerome-henderson retrieved 1/9/2016 Jerome Henderson Jerome Virgil Henderson (born August 8, 1969) is a former American football Cornerback for the New England Patriots, Buffalo Bills, Philadelphia Eagles and New York Jets of the National Football League. He played college football at Clemson University and was drafted in\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Henderson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10256059\",\n \"text\": \"was hired by the Washington Redskins to be their defensive backs coach. On January 26, 2015, it was announced Morris was joining the Atlanta Falcons as assistant head coach/defensive backs. On January 25, 2016, Morris was named the wide receivers coach and no longer the defensive backs coach. In the 2016 season, Morris and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. NFL head coaches under whom Morris has served: Raheem Morris Raheem Morris (born September 3, 1976) is\",\n \"title\": \"Raheem Morris\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"6471470","text":"23–10 after coming back from a 10–0 deficit. Many had expected Denver to play the Minnesota Vikings in the Super Bowl, the team with the number one record that year at 15–1, but the Vikings lost the NFC Championship Game to the Atlanta Falcons in overtime. The Broncos defeated the Falcons 34–19 in Super Bowl XXXIII. Elway was the Super Bowl MVP and Davis rushed for over 100 yards. It was Elway's last game, and until the 2013 season, the last time Denver reached the Super Bowl. The Broncos had 3,808 yards passing, sixth in the league. They had 2,468","title":"1998 Denver Broncos season"},{"docid":"3200082","text":"13-3 record, when they beat the Falcons and Vikings in the reverse order that they did in the 2004-05 playoffs. They exacted revenge on New England in Super Bowl LII, edging them 41–33. This is the last time that a team has won back-to-back Super Bowls, with the Patriots losing their second playoff game a year later and then, for the next eight years, every team either losing their first playoff game or missing them altogether. The streak was broken in 2014 when the Seahawks defeated the Panthers and ultimately advanced to the Super Bowl, only to lose to a","title":"Super Bowl XXXIX"},{"docid":"18084489","text":"throughout the game, with a number of players needing to change their cleats during the game and players slipping during plays all throughout the game. As the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants. Elway stated, \"We've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms.\" The Broncos last wore matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–19. In their only other Super Bowl win","title":"Super Bowl 50"},{"docid":"20469780","text":"assures that the Super Bowl host team will not play the championship game on their own field. 2018 Atlanta Falcons season The 2018 season is the Atlanta Falcons' 53rd in the National Football League, their second playing their home games at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (the venue for Super Bowl LIII) and their fourth under head coach Dan Quinn. The Falcons attempted to be the first team to play the Super Bowl in their home stadium as an expected Super Bowl contender. However the Falcons were riddled with injuries, losing 7 starters to IR with the Falcons stumbling to a 1–4 start.","title":"2018 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"12304579","text":"of the Seahawks. This was only the fourth time this has occurred. The other three times were in Super Bowl III (Weeb Ewbank's New York Jets vs. Ewbank's former team, Don Shula's Baltimore Colts), Super Bowl XXXIII (Dan Reeves's Atlanta Falcons vs. Mike Shanahan's Denver Broncos), and Super Bowl XXXVII (Jon Gruden's Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Gruden's former team, Bill Callahan's Oakland Raiders). The only previous time that the old coach's former team had won was in Super Bowl XXXIII. The Patriots had also appeared in the only other Super Bowl to be held at University of Phoenix Stadium to","title":"Super Bowl XLIX"},{"docid":"11705209","text":"fourth in the league in points scored (442 points) and surrendered the fourth-fewest points (289) in 1998; the Falcons also led the league in turnover differential at +20. They became the first dome team to play in a Super Bowl. This would also be the only season the Falcons reached a Super Bowl until Super Bowl LI, which they lost to the New England Patriots, 34-28, in overtime. This was the first occasion when the Falcons played the New York Giants since 1988, and their first visit to Giants Stadium since 1982. This is due to old NFL scheduling formulas","title":"1998 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"10331174","text":"28–3 in the third quarter, but rallied all the way back to win the game by a score of 34–28 against the Atlanta Falcons, which featured the first overtime game in Super Bowl history and the largest comeback in Super Bowl history. Although not appearing in any statistical category during the game, Long played a crucial part in the team's comeback when Falcons offensive lineman Jake Matthews was called for holding Long on an eight-yard catch that would have put the Falcons at the Patriots 26-yard line for a potential game-sealing field goal. Instead, the Falcons were pushed out of","title":"Chris Long"},{"docid":"20917218","text":"go to overtime, as well as the largest deficit overcome. He won his 4th Super Bowl MVP for setting a Super Bowl record 466 passing yards. 30 Super Bowl records were broken or tied in Super Bowl LI. When the score was 28-3 in the third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were 99.98%. As a result, many consider Super Bowl LI to be the greatest Super Bowl ever played The Patriots started off the season slow yet again, going 2-2 until going 10-1 down the stretch to win another AFC East title and first seed in the AFC. Brady","title":"Brady/Belichick Era"},{"docid":"20469778","text":"2018 Atlanta Falcons season The 2018 season is the Atlanta Falcons' 53rd in the National Football League, their second playing their home games at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (the venue for Super Bowl LIII) and their fourth under head coach Dan Quinn. The Falcons attempted to be the first team to play the Super Bowl in their home stadium as an expected Super Bowl contender. However the Falcons were riddled with injuries, losing 7 starters to IR with the Falcons stumbling to a 1–4 start. Following a 31–17 loss to the Saints in Week 12, the Falcons fell to 4–7 and failed","title":"2018 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"20017158","text":"recalled that Shanahan insinuated relief that the Broncos were not playing the Vikings when the two met at a reception after the conference championship games. Two weeks later in the Super Bowl, the Falcons played the Broncos, the game pitting coach Dan Reeves against his former team and their star quarterback, John Elway. Reeves had led the Broncos to three Super Bowl appearances, all losses, and he was fired as the Broncos' head coach after the 1992 NFL season. Afterward, Elway was quoted as saying, \"These last three years have been hell. I know I would not have been back","title":"1998 NFC Championship Game"},{"docid":"394932","text":"14–2 regular season record. The Falcons, under former Denver head coach Dan Reeves, were making their first Super Bowl appearance after also posting a 14–2 regular season record. Aided by quarterback John Elway's 80-yard touchdown pass to receiver Rod Smith, Denver scored 17 consecutive points to build a 17–3 lead in the second quarter from which Atlanta could not recover. At 38 years old, Elway became the oldest player, at the time, to be named Super Bowl MVP (Tom Brady became the oldest in 2017 at the age of 39, coincidentally also against the Atlanta Falcons). In the final game","title":"Super Bowl XXXIII"},{"docid":"22337","text":"defense. A few series later, late in the 4th quarter with little time remaining, Atlanta found themselves in a 4th and 4 situation at the 10-yard line. The Falcons needed just 10 more yards to secure victory and advance to their first Super Bowl berth in 14 years. Matt Ryan fired a pass to Roddy White which was ultimately broken up by inside linebacker NaVorro Bowman, resulting in a 28–24 defeat. Following the success of the previous season, the Falcons were an expected Super Bowl contender. However, injuries hampered the team's performance and the team finished the season 4–12. With","title":"Atlanta Falcons"},{"docid":"11705216","text":"at 11:52 of the extra quarter; the 30–27 final sent the Falcons to Super Bowl XXXIII. 1998 Atlanta Falcons season The 1998 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise’s 33rd in the National Football League (NFL). The Falcons qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time under the guidance of second-year head coach Dan Reeves. The Falcons won their final nine regular season games to earn the #2 seed in the National Football Conference (NFC) for the postseason and the first-week bye. They beat the San Francisco 49ers in the Divisional round and the #1-seed Minnesota Vikings in the NFC","title":"1998 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"12863148","text":"against the Houston Texans, he had 31 rushing yards in the 34–16 victory. In the AFC Championship against the Pittsburgh Steelers, he finished with 47 rushing yards and a touchdown in the 36–17 victory to reach Super Bowl LI. Blount fumbled in Falcons' territory in the second quarter when game was scoreless. The Patriots trailed 28–3 in the third quarter, but rallied all the way back to win the game by a score of 34–28 against the Atlanta Falcons. The Super Bowl featured the first overtime game in Super Bowl history and the largest comeback in Super Bowl history. Blount","title":"LeGarrette Blount"},{"docid":"22343","text":"secured an 11–5 record and a first round bye. In the divisional round of the playoffs, Atlanta defeated the Seahawks 36–20 in the Georgia Dome, and hosted their last game at the Dome against the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2017. The Falcons defeated the Packers 44–21 to advance to Super Bowl LI as the NFC champions. Atlanta was up 28–3 late in the third quarter, and the New England Patriots scored 31 unanswered points, with the last 6 in the first-ever overtime in the Super Bowl. The Patriots' 25-point comeback was the largest","title":"Atlanta Falcons"},{"docid":"11705207","text":"1998 Atlanta Falcons season The 1998 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise’s 33rd in the National Football League (NFL). The Falcons qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time under the guidance of second-year head coach Dan Reeves. The Falcons won their final nine regular season games to earn the #2 seed in the National Football Conference (NFC) for the postseason and the first-week bye. They beat the San Francisco 49ers in the Divisional round and the #1-seed Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship Game before losing to Reeves’ old team, the Denver Broncos, 34–19 in Super Bowl XXXIII.","title":"1998 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"394905","text":"AFC broadcast rights ever since), their last NFL broadcast overall until 2006, when they signed on to televise \"Sunday Night Football\", and their last Super Bowl broadcast until 2009 (Super Bowl XLIII). This was also the last time Channel 4 in the UK would show the Super Bowl – and their last NFL coverage until 2010 – after they had been showing the event since 1983 (Super Bowl XVII). Only Sky Sports would show it live until Five joined them in 2003 (Super Bowl XXXVII). It also marked the last Super Bowl until 2007 for CTV in Canada after airing","title":"Super Bowl XXXII"},{"docid":"7626807","text":"on the basketball team. Salaam was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the 7th round (199th overall) of the 1998 NFL Draft. The Falcons went 14-2 during Salaam's rookie season, and won the NFC Championship to earn their first ever trip to the Super Bowl. Salaam started at right tackle in the Falcons' defeat to the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXXIII. Salaam was the 4th rookie in NFL history to start all 19 games including the Super Bowl. He also was the youngest player to start a Super Bowl at the age of 22. Salaam played a total of","title":"Ephraim Salaam"},{"docid":"3200169","text":"the last iteration, the lower-seeded and favored team won. This was also the second time in Super Bowl history when the favorite was a wild card team; the first was before Super Bowl XXXV, when the Ravens were favored. It also marked the first time since that game the favorite won against the spread. Members of the winning team each received a payment of $73,000 for playing in the game, while players on the losing team were paid $38,000. The Green Bay Packers received $15,000 each for winning Super Bowl I in 1967; adjusted for inflation in 2006 dollars, that","title":"Super Bowl XL"},{"docid":"11466665","text":"the Lions, the Browns' record-breaking futility began the same year the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers won a championship and their winless season occurred while the Cavaliers were on their way to appearing in the NBA Finals for the fourth-consecutive time. COLOR KEY AND NOTES: The Lions began their 2008 season at the Georgia Dome against the Atlanta Falcons. A pre-season poll on thespread.com said the Falcons (who finished 11–5 before losing in the Wild Card round of the playoffs), were less likely (dead last for that matter) to make the Super Bowl than the Lions. In the first quarter, Detroit trailed","title":"2008 Detroit Lions season"},{"docid":"6332904","text":"the problem before the next play. It was the last time the championship game had gone to overtime until Super Bowl LI, when the New England Patriots beat the Atlanta Falcons, 34–28, just 3:58 into the overtime period. \"Sunday, December 28, 1958\"<br> Kickoff: 2:00 p.m. EST The NFL had five game officials in ; the line judge was added in and the side judge in . The gross receipts for the game, including $200,000 for radio and television rights, were over $698,000, the highest to date. Each player on the winning Colts team received $4,718, while Giants players made $3,111","title":"1958 NFL Championship Game"},{"docid":"394530","text":"his three previous attempts had gone unsuccessfully, Elway led the Broncos to Super Bowl XXXII where they finally broke through and won the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history over the Green Bay Packers. A year later, in what later proved to be the final game of his career, Elway led the Broncos to another victory in the Super Bowl as Denver won Super Bowl XXXIII 34-19 over the Atlanta Falcons. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXIV, Super Bowl XXIV Play Finder SF, Super Bowl XXIV Play Finder Den Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted The following","title":"Super Bowl XXIV"},{"docid":"14798171","text":"the best in sports: \"Every year, bus caravans loaded with rowdy (and usually very inebriated) fans make the seven-hour trip between the two cities. Unless you've attended a Falcons-Saints debauchery-filled afternoon, you'll just have to take my word for how much fun it really can be.\" Atlanta currently leads the all-time series 52-48 (51-48 regular season, 1-0 playoffs). Each team has appeared in the Super Bowl at least once, the Saints winning Super Bowl XLIV while the Falcons lost in Super Bowls XXXIII and in LI. It began in 1967, the first year of play for the Saints, and press","title":"Falcons–Saints rivalry"},{"docid":"17025369","text":"Focus. He was ranked the top right tackle and received a $250,000 bonus for making the Pro Bowl. Johnson did not attend the Pro Bowl as the Eagles would play in Super Bowl LII. Johnson and Chris Long wore rubber masks of a German Shepherd (symbolic of the team's underdog status) after the 2017 Divisional playoff game versus the Atlanta Falcons, as the Falcons were considered favorites to win. Following the game, Philadelphia Eagles fans bought so many dog masks from Amazon that they were sold out. In Super Bowl LII, the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 to","title":"Lane Johnson"},{"docid":"20917217","text":"Super Bowl LI.\\ Against the Falcons, the Patriots defense couldn't stop the high-powered Falcons offense. Brady was inconsistent, off on his throws and throwing an interception to Robert Alford that was returned for a touchdown, the first in Brady's postseason career. By halftime, the score was 21-3. The Falcons scored again in the third quarter to make the score 28-3, a 25-point deficit. In Super Bowls, the largest deficit ever overcome was 10 points. Brady, aged 39, led the Patriots to score 31 unanswered points to win the Super Bowl 34-28 in overtime. It was the first Super Bowl to","title":"Brady/Belichick Era"},{"docid":"2515151","text":"to tie the game; the Tennessee Titans against the Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV, the Rams against the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVI, and the Patriots against the Falcons in Super Bowl LI. However, New England retook the lead on their next drive, advancing 68 yards with the aid of a pair of completions from Brady to Givens for gains of 18 and 25 yards. Once again the Patriots were faced with third down and goal, but this time they scored with Brady's 1-yard pass to Vrabel, who had lined up in an eligible tight end position. Then on a","title":"Super Bowl XXXVIII"},{"docid":"16858043","text":"fifth, moving them into a three-way tie with the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers for second place on the all-time Super Bowl wins list, trailing only the Pittsburgh Steelers who have six victories. New England, after finishing the regular season with a league-best 14–2 record, advanced to their record-setting ninth Super Bowl appearance, their second in three years, and their seventh under the leadership of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady. The Falcons entered the game after completing an 11–5 regular season record, and were trying to win their first Super Bowl title, having lost their","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"docid":"7167385","text":"The last time a metropolitan area won the World Series and Super Bowl in the same season was when the Boston Red Sox won the 2004 World Series followed by the Patriots winning Super Bowl XXXIX (and the Patriots won Super Bowl XXXVIII earlier in 2004). As the 49ers – who were attempting to join the New York Giants and Green Bay Packers as the only teams to win a Super Bowl in three different decades – were the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, San Francisco elected to wear their red jerseys, which","title":"Super Bowl XLVII"},{"docid":"394931","text":"Super Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999, at Pro Player Stadium in Miami, Florida (now part of the suburb of Miami Gardens, which became a separate city in 2003). The defending Super Bowl champion Broncos entered the game with an AFC-best","title":"Super Bowl XXXIII"},{"docid":"5008823","text":"2. They went into halftime with the Falcons leading 24–14. The game would end up with the San Francisco 49ers winning 28–24 when NaVorro Bowman made a stellar defensive play to stop the Falcons on 4th down inside the 49ers 10-yard line. In the victory, Gore had 90 rushing yards and 2 touchdowns allowing the 49ers to go to Super Bowl XLVII, their first Super Bowl since 1994. In the Super Bowl, Gore had 19 carries for 110 yards and a touchdown, but the 49ers fell behind early and couldn't come back, losing the game 34-31 to the Baltimore Ravens.","title":"Frank Gore"},{"docid":"3417361","text":"all-rookie team. Tuaolo then played 60 games for the Minnesota Vikings from 1992 to 1996; 6 games for the Jacksonville Jaguars in 1997; 13 games for the Atlanta Falcons in 1998; and 12 games for the Carolina Panthers in 1999. He recorded 134 tackles, 12 sacks, and 1 interception, and, in 1998, won the NFC Championship with the Atlanta Falcons before losing at the Super Bowl to the Denver Broncos. During that Super Bowl XXXIII, Tuaolo recorded the last tackle of football legend John Elway. Tuaolo has entertained a singing career during and after football. While with the Packers, for","title":"Esera Tuaolo"},{"docid":"6718930","text":"Gray was the pregame, halftime, and postgame host, and live in game reporter for Super Bowl 51 on Westwood One Radio between the New England Patriots vs Atlanta Falcons. It marked the 20th Super Bowl that Gray has been on the live radio or television broadcast of the game, more than any other broadcaster in Super Bowl history. President Donald Trump was interviewed at halftime. In February 2018 in Minneapolis, MN., Gray worked Super Bowl 52, marking the 21st time he has been on the live broadcast of Super Sunday. Gray was the Executive Producer of the ESPN 30 for","title":"Jim Gray (sportscaster)"},{"docid":"4624414","text":"and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI , where they faced the New England Patriots. Mack was the starting center in the game for the Falcons. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On December 19, 2018, Mack was named to his fifth Pro Bowl. Alex Mack Javon Alexander \"Alex\" Mack (born November 19, 1985) is an American football center for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of California, and was drafted by the Cleveland Browns 21st overall in the 2009 NFL Draft. Mack was","title":"Alex Mack"},{"docid":"394088","text":"21–17, in Super Bowl X), and both teams were attempting to be the first club to ever win a third Super Bowl. Dallas was also the defending Super Bowl XII champion, and finished the 1978 regular season with a 12–4 record, and posted playoff victories over the Atlanta Falcons and the Los Angeles Rams. Pittsburgh entered the game after posting a 14–2 regular season record and playoff wins over the Denver Broncos and the Houston Oilers. Steelers quarterback Terry Bradshaw, who was named Super Bowl MVP, completed 17 out of 30 passes for Super Bowl records of 318 passing yards","title":"Super Bowl XIII"},{"docid":"394969","text":"number of attempts to be recognized. The minimums are shown (in parenthesis). Source: Prior to the start of the 1998 NFL season, the league swapped position titles with the field judge and back judge. Super Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999,","title":"Super Bowl XXXIII"},{"docid":"11258052","text":"bye and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Eagles advanced to the Super Bowl after defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the NFC Divisional Round and the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Jenkins started in Super Bowl LII recorded four solo tackles and a pass deflection as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33. The victory in Super Bowl LII marked Jenkins' second Super Bowl victory and became the second time he helped a team achieve their first Super Bowl in franchise history. Jenkins started his own charity called The Malcolm Jenkins","title":"Malcolm Jenkins"},{"docid":"394099","text":"six of their first ten games. But Dallas finished strong, winning their last six regular season games to post a 12–4 record. Dallas marched through the playoffs, defeating the Atlanta Falcons, 27–20, and the Los Angeles Rams, 28–0. Meanwhile, the Steelers easily demolished the Denver Broncos, 33–10, and the Houston Oilers, 34–5. Although the Super Bowl had grown into America's biggest one-day sporting event by this point, many believe the 13th edition began the game's evolution to unofficial national holiday. It was the first Super Bowl with a true heavyweight title-fight feel, given the Steelers' and Cowboys' unquestioned status as","title":"Super Bowl XIII"},{"docid":"17279822","text":"Zolak on Patriots broadcasts. Since joining the Patriots broadcast, Socci and Zolak have called three Super Bowl Championships. In February 2015 the Patriots won the franchises fourth Super Bowl defeating the Seattle Seahawks when rookie cornerback Malcolm Butler intercepted a pass at the goal line sealing the title. In February 2017 the duo called \"The Greatest Comeback in Super Bowl History\" when the Patriots rallied from a 28-3 third quarter deficit to beat the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in the first overtime game in 51 years of the Super Bowl. Before joining the Patriots, Socci's previous broadcasting experience included 15 seasons","title":"Bob Socci"},{"docid":"9860078","text":"in New Orleans. As a testament to Doomsday's dominance in the hard-hitting game, defensive linemen Randy White and Harvey Martin were named co-Super Bowl MVPs, the first and only time multiple players have received the award. After a slow start in 1978, Dallas won its final six regular season games to finish the season at 12–4. After an unexpectedly close divisional playoff game against the Atlanta Falcons at Texas Stadium, the Cowboys traveled to Los Angeles and shut out the Rams in the NFC Championship Game 28–0 to return to the Super Bowl. In Super Bowl XIII, Dallas faced the","title":"History of the Dallas Cowboys"},{"docid":"3551010","text":"the 1989-1993 period in which Tuggle racked up 969 tackles. During that stretch, he made his first Pro Bowl appearance in 1992. Even while the Falcons languished, Tuggle never thought of leaving in free agency, even when he would meet former teammates like Brett Favre. After being with the Falcons through some tough years, the high point in Tuggle's career was 1998, when he played in Super Bowl XXXIII and was voted to the Pro Bowl. Tuggle retired during training camp in 2001 after injuries plagued the end of his career. In his 14 seasons, he recorded 1640 tackles (164","title":"Jessie Tuggle"},{"docid":"19819970","text":"the Falcons' victory, Adrian Clayborn set a new franchise record of six sacks in one game, breaking the previous record of five sacks. The win eliminated Green Bay from postseason contention. 2017 Atlanta Falcons season The 2017 season was the Atlanta Falcons' 52nd season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Dan Quinn. They entered the season as the defending NFC champions and tried to defend their NFC title for a second consecutive trip to the Super Bowl after losing the previous year against the Patriots in Super Bowl LI. This was the Falcons' first year","title":"2017 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"19121787","text":"the third quarter to give Green Bay its first points. The Falcons won 44–21 to advance to the Super Bowl for the first time since their 1998 season, as well as the second time in franchise history. Matt Ryan had a big game, throwing 4 touchdown passes and running for another score. His 392 yards were the second-most ever thrown in a Championship Game, only behind his 396 yards in the 2012 NFC Championship Games versus the San Francisco 49ers. Julio Jones was another huge part of the Falcons win, with 9 catches, 180 yards and 2 touchdowns. One of","title":"2016 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"6752883","text":"Mohr was with the Bills from 1991 to 2000, during which time he appeared in three Super Bowls with the team—Super Bowl XXVI, Super Bowl XXVII, and Super Bowl XXVIII. He signed with his hometown Atlanta Falcons before the 2001 NFL season, where he played for four years before being waived in 2005. He was signed by the Washington Redskins before the 2005 NFL season began, but was cut a few days later. He officially retired from the NFL in 2007 by signing a one-day contract with the Buffalo Bills. Mohr has four boys. Garrett, Harrison, Quinn and Chapman. Garrett","title":"Chris Mohr"},{"docid":"9488697","text":"Dan Stryzinski Daniel Thomas Stryzinski (born May 15, 1965) is a former American football punter who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League. He played in Super Bowl XXXIII as a member of the Atlanta Falcons. Originally from Vincennes, Indiana, Stryzinski has called Atlanta his home for the last 15 years. Stryzinski has a Finance and Management degree from Indiana University. After college, Stryzinski pursued his dream of playing football in the NFL and after 14 years (6 with the Atlanta Falcons) he retired. With retirement came the time and ability to pursue another passion of his, cars, and","title":"Dan Stryzinski"},{"docid":"393896","text":"first time the Super Bowl venue was not home to that of an NFL franchise. This was also the first Super Bowl not to be held in either the Los Angeles, Miami or New Orleans areas. It was also the last Super Bowl, and penultimate game overall (the 1974 Pro Bowl in Kansas City played the next week was the last) to feature goal posts at the front of the end zone (they were moved to the endline, in the back of the endzone the next season). This was the Dolphins' third consecutive Super Bowl appearance. They posted a 12–2","title":"Super Bowl VIII"},{"docid":"19819966","text":"2017 Atlanta Falcons season The 2017 season was the Atlanta Falcons' 52nd season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Dan Quinn. They entered the season as the defending NFC champions and tried to defend their NFC title for a second consecutive trip to the Super Bowl after losing the previous year against the Patriots in Super Bowl LI. This was the Falcons' first year in Mercedes-Benz Stadium after spending the previous 25 seasons in the Georgia Dome, which was demolished on November 20, 2017. Mercedes-Benz Stadium opened as scheduled on August 26, 2017; however, its","title":"2017 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"18315346","text":"for 203 yards and four touchdowns. Hardy and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots. In the Super Bowl, Hardy had two kickoff returns for 17 total yards as the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. In the 2017 season, Hardy recorded 20 receptions for 221 yards and three touchdowns. Justin Hardy Justin Hardy (born December 18, 1991) is an American football wide receiver for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Falcons in the fourth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. He played college football","title":"Justin Hardy"},{"docid":"6089864","text":"the New York Giants defeated the previously undefeated New England Patriots 17–14 with a paid attendance crowd of 71,101. This was the second time the Phoenix area hosted a Super Bowl, the other being Super Bowl XXX held in nearby Tempe at Sun Devil Stadium in 1996 when the Dallas Cowboys defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Cardinals' first home playoff game since 1947 took place at the stadium on January 3, 2009, with Arizona beating the Atlanta Falcons, 30–24. The stadium also hosted the between the Cardinals and Philadelphia Eagles on January 18, 2009, which the Cardinals won 32–25 in","title":"State Farm Stadium"},{"docid":"7037818","text":"coming up short, Bennett became a head coach for the first time when he was hired by the Falcons on February 3, 1977. During his first season in Atlanta, Bennett's defense became known as the \"Grits Blitz\" for its ferocious style and allowing just 129 points, a record for a 14-game season. The overall improvement of the team became evident the following year, when the Falcons defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Wild Card game, then put up a strong fight against the defending Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys. After the team endured a losing season in 1979, Bennett","title":"Leeman Bennett"},{"docid":"6468830","text":"logo. Their default colors were blue tops, blue pants and orange shoes. This would continue until 2012 when they assigned the all blue to the \"Main Alternate\" slot, replacing the primary uniforms with orange tops, white bottoms and orange/white shoes. Having lost a disappointing playoff game to Jacksonville the year before, many thought this might be John Elway's last chance to win a Super Bowl. They started off the season by winning their first six games, beating the Chiefs, Seahawks, Rams, Bengals, Falcons and Patriots in the first game between the last two unbeaten NFL teams since 1973. They then","title":"1997 Denver Broncos season"},{"docid":"394948","text":"focused on whether or not Elway would retire after the season (which he eventually did). Elway became the first quarterback to start five Super Bowls; he previously started Super Bowls XXI, XXII, XXIV, and XXXII. Broncos defensive lineman Mike Lodish was making his record 6th appearance in a Super Bowl. He played with Buffalo in all four of their Super Bowl losses (Super Bowl XXV through XXVIII) and with Denver's first Super Bowl win the year before. On the night before the Super Bowl, Falcons safety Eugene Robinson was arrested for solicitation of prostitution. While driving alone in a rented","title":"Super Bowl XXXIII"},{"docid":"9951937","text":"at Florida State, Mickey Andrews, later said Bush \"was the most complete player he had ever coached.\" The Atlanta Falcons chose Bush in the first round, with the 26th overall pick, of the 1995 NFL Draft. Between 1995 and 2002, he played at both safety spots in his career for the Atlanta Falcons, St. Louis Rams and Cleveland Browns. He appeared in two Super Bowls: the Falcons' loss to the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXXIII at the end of the 1998–99 season, and the St. Louis Rams' 23–16 win over the Tennessee Titans Super Bowl XXXIV in 1999–2000. Bush","title":"Devin Bush"},{"docid":"9408712","text":"seconds, four tenths of a second off the world record at the time. He was drafted in the second round by the expansion New Orleans Saints. He played his first two seasons in New Orleans, and then had stints with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1969 to 1971, the Minnesota Vikings from 1972 to 1975, the Atlanta Falcons in 1976, and brief stints with the Chicago Bears and back in New Orleans for 1977. Gilliam played in 2 Super Bowls with the Vikings, Super Bowl VIII and Super Bowl IX. He was elected to the Pro Bowl all four years","title":"John Gilliam"},{"docid":"12304615","text":"repeat winner (with the last one being the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX). In a poll conducted by NFL.com a couple of months after the game, Super Bowl XLIX was voted by its readers as the \"greatest Super Bowl game\" of all time. The article does report that the voting was structured to try to account for \"recency bias\" in relation to the game at the time when the poll was conducted, but voters still \"pushed it through the competition\". Most lists of greatest Super Bowls continue to list it in the top few games. After the game, Seattle faced","title":"Super Bowl XLIX"},{"docid":"7607566","text":"captain during the senior year. Following his senior season, Hallen was chosen to play in the 1998 Senior Bowl in Mobile, Alabama, marking the first time a Kent State player participated in this bowl game. Hallen was selected in the 1998 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons in the second round (53rd overall) and went on to play in Super Bowl XXXIII. He played from 1998 to 2001 for the Falcons. He also played for the San Diego Chargers from 2002 to 2005. He signed with the Cleveland Browns prior to the 2006 NFL season. Hallen's career came to an","title":"Bob Hallen"},{"docid":"19121814","text":"year, lost the Super Bowl, and missed the playoffs the following season. This was also the first team to have at least 15 wins and finish last in their division the following season. They were eliminated from playoff contention in Week 16 when they lost to the Atlanta Falcons 33-16. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. NFL Kickoff game The Panthers were up 17–7 in the fourth quarter which saw the Broncos put up 14 points. Down 21–20, Graham Gano attempted a potential game winning 50 yard kick but the ball flew wide left, handing the Panthers a","title":"2016 Carolina Panthers season"},{"docid":"3200111","text":"as one of the top ten controversial calls of all time. Similarly controversial calls throughout the game have put Super Bowl XL as the prime example of bad refereeing amongst officials, newscasters, and fans alike, even years later. It is the last Super Bowl and NFL game broadcast on ABC. Although the Super Bowl had largely been presented in high definition since Super Bowl XXXIV, Super Bowl XL was the first Super Bowl where all aspects of the game itself were aired in HD. Ford Field was selected to host Super Bowl XL on November 1, 2000 at the owners","title":"Super Bowl XL"},{"docid":"10255938","text":"Pro Bowl) Cowboys safety Darren Woodson. Woodson represented the last player link to the Jimmy Johnson Cowboys (and to all three Super Bowl teams of the 1990s). Woodson was on the roster the following season (2004) but never saw action due to injury. The Parcells era of the Cowboys began inauspiciously in a 27-13 loss to the Falcons at Texas Stadium. With Michael Vick out with injury Doug Johnson started for the Falcons and had two passing touchdowns and a rushing score. Quincy Carter had a touchdown to Joey Galloway and an interception. On \"Monday Night Football\" Parcells returned to","title":"2003 Dallas Cowboys season"},{"docid":"9869316","text":"thousands more swamped the highways during their convoy to team headquarters. In the two-week interval between the NFC Championship game and Super Bowl XXXIII, media attention was focused mostly upon the Falcons' opponent, the Denver Broncos, their retiring quarterback John Elway, and former Denver coach Dan Reeves's relationship with Elway, which was at times contentious during his tenure as Broncos coach. Falcons Pro Bowl CB Ray Buchanan also jokingly guaranteed a win to a reporter, with this statement being blown out of proportion by the overzealous media. Days later, Buchanan attracted further attention when he greeted the media wearing a","title":"History of the Atlanta Falcons"},{"docid":"4182643","text":"also finished 13-3 that season to earn the first-seed in the playoffs; in Gonzalez first playoff game in five years, the Falcons were defeated by the eventual Super Bowl champions Green Bay Packers. During the NFL lockout in 2011, Gonzalez contemplated retiring rather than sitting out an entire season and waiting to play in 2012. After the lockout was eventually lifted by the league, Gonzalez was adamant he had at least three seasons left in him and was excited at the prospects of returning to the Falcons who are widely considered to be Super Bowl contenders. On the NFL Top","title":"Tony Gonzalez"},{"docid":"10777353","text":"in Super Bowl XLVIII. He has also served as offensive line and tight ends coach for the Atlanta Falcons, as well as tight ends coach for the San Diego Chargers. Barone worked with All-Pro players Alge Crumpler (Falcons) and Antonio Gates (Chargers), and Julius Thomas (Broncos) all of whom made multiple Pro Bowl appearances under his guidance. Kyle Rudolph (Vikings) also was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 2017 season. This feat marked the first time in NFL history that a Tight Ends coach had four players selected to Pro Bowls with four teams. In addition, Barone also coached","title":"Clancy Barone"},{"docid":"22331","text":"20–10 in the final game of the season to improve their record to 9–7. In 2010, with a regular season record of 13–3, the Falcons secured a third straight winning season, their fourth overall divisional title, and the top overall seed in the NFC playoffs; however, the Falcons were overpowered by the eventual Super Bowl XLV champion Green Bay Packers in the NFC Divisional Playoffs 48–21. The Falcons scored 414 points – the fifth-most in franchise history. The team sent an NFL-high and franchise-best nine players to the 2011 Pro Bowl. The Falcons made a surprise trade up with the","title":"Atlanta Falcons"},{"docid":"7174539","text":"beaten at home by the eventual Super Bowl XLV champions, the Green Bay Packers, 48-21 in the NFC Divisional Round. The 2011 season ended with another winning record (10-6) and Smith's third playoff appearance (a first-round loss, by another eventual Super Bowl champion, the New York Giants). In 2012 Smith led the Falcons to a league best 13-3 record and recorded his first win in the postseason as Falcons head coach, edging the Seattle Seahawks 30-28 in the . With the win, Atlanta also made their 3rd all-time appearance in the NFC Championship Game, and hosted the game for the","title":"Mike Smith (American football coach)"},{"docid":"15206387","text":"for just the fourth time in franchise history. On January 22, 2017, Quinn's Falcons won the NFC Championship against the Green Bay Packers 44–21, clinching a berth to play in Super Bowl LI against the New England Patriots. Up 21–3 at halftime and 28–3 in the third quarter, the Falcons blew the largest lead in Super Bowl history and lost the game in overtime by a score of 34–28. NFL head coaches under whom Quinn has served: Assistant coaches under Quinn who have become NFL head coaches: Dan Quinn (American football) Daniel Patrick Quinn (born September 11, 1970) is an","title":"Dan Quinn (American football)"},{"docid":"5106157","text":"their win in Super Bowl XLIV is the highlight of an 8–9 playoff record. The Falcons record is 330–432–6 with a playoff record of 9–13; the Falcons lost in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI, the latter in overtime. The Buccaneers record is 241–386–1 with a victory in their only Super Bowl appearance, Super Bowl XXXVII, and an overall playoff record of 6–9. The Panthers have the best playoff record (9–8) of any team in the division with losses in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50 and the best overall record in the division (166–169–1). The NFC South is the only NFC","title":"NFC South"},{"docid":"19819969","text":"elected to open the roof if weather permitted, marking the first time since the 1991 season, the team's final season at their original home of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, that the Falcons played a home game in Atlanta under open air. The Falcons controlled most of the game, went up by as much as 24, and won 34–23. They were led by Devonta Freeman (19 rushes, 84 yards, 2 TD) and Julio Jones (108 yards, 5 receptions). The 2017 Falcons became only the fourth team in NFL history to start 2–0 after they lost the Super Bowl the previous year. In","title":"2017 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"394446","text":"the first Sunday in February (with the exception of Super Bowl XXXVII, which was played on January 26, 2003). This was also the last east coast Super Bowl that began under daylight. For the 49ers, it was their first Super Bowl appearance since they defeated the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl XIX. They had made the playoffs in the three seasons between Super Bowl XIX and Super Bowl XXIII, but were eliminated each time in the first round, primarily because of the poor performances by their offensive stars in those games; quarterback Joe Montana, receiver Jerry Rice, and running back","title":"Super Bowl XXIII"},{"docid":"19807797","text":"won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"docid":"394941","text":"a 3–13 record the year before that. In fact, the team recorded just four winning seasons in the last 20 years prior to 1998, and only two in the 1990s. (See \"List of Atlanta Falcons seasons\".) However, the Falcons' fortunes began to improve after Dan Reeves became their head coach in 1997. During Reeves' first season with Atlanta, they finished the season 6–2, after starting out 1–7, to compile a 7–9 record overall. Reeves was Denver's head coach from 1981 to 1992, leading the Elway-led Broncos to Super Bowls XXI, XXII, and XXIV. But they lost each one, including a","title":"Super Bowl XXXIII"},{"docid":"4245756","text":"became the third NFL team to advance to the Super Bowl after winning three playoff games despite winning its division; the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl XXXVIII and the Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLI were the other two. In addition, they would become the first team to advance to the Super Bowl as both a division winner and a No. 4 seed. The Baltimore Ravens were the last No. 4 seed to advance to a Super Bowl before this game, as they were the No. 4 seed in the AFC when they went on to win Super Bowl XXXV,","title":"Super Bowl XLIII"},{"docid":"16858060","text":"with 15½; Beasley also forced six fumbles. Rookie linebacker Deion Jones was also an impact player, leading the team in combined tackles (108) and interceptions (three). The Falcons secondary featured hard-hitting safety Keanu Neal, who had 106 tackles and forced five fumbles. Safety Ricardo Allen added 90 tackles and two interceptions. But overall, the defense ranked just 27th in the league in points allowed (406). This game marked the Falcons' second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, after having lost Super Bowl XXXIII in January 1999 to the Denver Broncos. The Patriots, with the AFC's #1 seed, began their postseason","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"docid":"16977654","text":"time since 1997. 2013 Atlanta Falcons season The Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise's 48th season in the National Football League and the sixth under head coach Mike Smith. An expected Super Bowl contender riddled with injuries, the Falcons had a tough start to the season, finishing with a 4–12 record and failing to improve their 13–3 record from 2012. Notes The Falcons would travel to New Orleans to open their season. The Falcons would carry a 17-13 lead into the fourth quarter, but the Saints would score a touchdown with 6:22 remaining. The Falcons would try to rally, but","title":"2013 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"docid":"15876412","text":"team, the Atlanta Falcons. Bruce Irvin (American football) Bruce Pernell Irvin, Jr. (born November 1, 1987) is an American football defensive end for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft. Irvin won Super Bowl XLVIII over the Denver Broncos, and also played in Super Bowl XLIX where he became the first player ever to be ejected from a Super Bowl. He played college football at West Virginia. Irvin attended Stockbridge High School in Stockbridge, Georgia, until transferring to Stephenson High School in","title":"Bruce Irvin (American football)"},{"docid":"6970447","text":"fumbles. He also had a great year as a punt returner, gaining a career-high 543 yards and scoring a league leading 3 touchdowns. His team finished the season with a 12–4 record and made it to Super Bowl XXXII, where Gordon won his first championship ring. In the following season, the Broncos recorded a 14–2 record and made it back to the Super Bowl again. Gordon's performance in Super Bowl XXXIII was a key factor in Denver's 34-19 win over the Atlanta Falcons. He intercepted 2 passes from Falcons quarterback Chris Chandler in the end zone during the fourth quarter","title":"Darrien Gordon"},{"docid":"394683","text":"per team), the traditional bye week between the conference championship games and the Super Bowl was not employed; the last time this happened was before Super Bowl XXV. This is the only time that the same two teams met in consecutive Super Bowls. The defending Super Bowl XXVII champion Cowboys finished with a 12–4 regular season record, despite key players missing games due to injuries. The Bills were making their fourth consecutive Super Bowl appearance, but still seeking their first title, after also finishing with a 12–4 regular season record, largely through the strength of their no-huddle offense. After trailing","title":"Super Bowl XXVIII"},{"docid":"18452697","text":"and Pittsburgh, with the series tied 1–1 entering the game. The last time the two teams had met was in 1997. After finishing their regular season with a 7–5 record, the Cougars accepted their invitation to play in the game. The game was Houston's fourth Armed Forces Bowl, tying them with the Air Force Falcons for the most appearances in the game. The Cougars were 1–2 in the game before 2015, having lost the 2005 Fort Worth Bowl to the Kansas Jayhawks by a score of 42–13, then having won the 2008 game over the 2008 Air Force Falcons by","title":"2015 Armed Forces Bowl (January)"},{"docid":"19798824","text":"per game and 478 total points scored - tops in both categories. On Christmas Eve, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 in a Super Bowl XXXIV rematch to clinch the NFC West for the first time since 2003 and their first playoff berth since 2004. This was also their first division title as the Los Angeles Rams since the 1985 season. Their promising season came to a end as they were defeated by the No. 6 seed and defending NFC Champions, the Atlanta Falcons, 13–26 in the Wild Card Round. Coincidentally in the Rams' last playoff game in 2005,","title":"2017 Los Angeles Rams season"},{"docid":"16858100","text":"the ball right. He was hit by Falcons defenders at the 1-yard line, but managed to stretch forward and get the ball across the goal line before his knee hit the ground, scoring a touchdown to give the Patriots the 34–28 victory. It marked the first time in NFL postseason history that a team leading by 17 points or more at the start of the fourth quarter went on to lose the game. Previously, dating back to 1940, teams leading by 17 or more points after three quarters in playoff games were 133–0 in such situations. Super Bowl LI had","title":"Super Bowl LI"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"6471470\",\n \"text\": \"23–10 after coming back from a 10–0 deficit. Many had expected Denver to play the Minnesota Vikings in the Super Bowl, the team with the number one record that year at 15–1, but the Vikings lost the NFC Championship Game to the Atlanta Falcons in overtime. The Broncos defeated the Falcons 34–19 in Super Bowl XXXIII. Elway was the Super Bowl MVP and Davis rushed for over 100 yards. It was Elway's last game, and until the 2013 season, the last time Denver reached the Super Bowl. The Broncos had 3,808 yards passing, sixth in the league. They had 2,468\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Denver Broncos season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3200082\",\n \"text\": \"13-3 record, when they beat the Falcons and Vikings in the reverse order that they did in the 2004-05 playoffs. They exacted revenge on New England in Super Bowl LII, edging them 41–33. This is the last time that a team has won back-to-back Super Bowls, with the Patriots losing their second playoff game a year later and then, for the next eight years, every team either losing their first playoff game or missing them altogether. The streak was broken in 2014 when the Seahawks defeated the Panthers and ultimately advanced to the Super Bowl, only to lose to a\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18084489\",\n \"text\": \"throughout the game, with a number of players needing to change their cleats during the game and players slipping during plays all throughout the game. As the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants. Elway stated, \\\"We've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms.\\\" The Broncos last wore matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–19. In their only other Super Bowl win\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl 50\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20469780\",\n \"text\": \"assures that the Super Bowl host team will not play the championship game on their own field. 2018 Atlanta Falcons season The 2018 season is the Atlanta Falcons' 53rd in the National Football League, their second playing their home games at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (the venue for Super Bowl LIII) and their fourth under head coach Dan Quinn. The Falcons attempted to be the first team to play the Super Bowl in their home stadium as an expected Super Bowl contender. However the Falcons were riddled with injuries, losing 7 starters to IR with the Falcons stumbling to a 1–4 start.\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12304579\",\n \"text\": \"of the Seahawks. This was only the fourth time this has occurred. The other three times were in Super Bowl III (Weeb Ewbank's New York Jets vs. Ewbank's former team, Don Shula's Baltimore Colts), Super Bowl XXXIII (Dan Reeves's Atlanta Falcons vs. Mike Shanahan's Denver Broncos), and Super Bowl XXXVII (Jon Gruden's Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Gruden's former team, Bill Callahan's Oakland Raiders). The only previous time that the old coach's former team had won was in Super Bowl XXXIII. The Patriots had also appeared in the only other Super Bowl to be held at University of Phoenix Stadium to\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XLIX\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11705209\",\n \"text\": \"fourth in the league in points scored (442 points) and surrendered the fourth-fewest points (289) in 1998; the Falcons also led the league in turnover differential at +20. They became the first dome team to play in a Super Bowl. This would also be the only season the Falcons reached a Super Bowl until Super Bowl LI, which they lost to the New England Patriots, 34-28, in overtime. This was the first occasion when the Falcons played the New York Giants since 1988, and their first visit to Giants Stadium since 1982. This is due to old NFL scheduling formulas\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10331174\",\n \"text\": \"28–3 in the third quarter, but rallied all the way back to win the game by a score of 34–28 against the Atlanta Falcons, which featured the first overtime game in Super Bowl history and the largest comeback in Super Bowl history. Although not appearing in any statistical category during the game, Long played a crucial part in the team's comeback when Falcons offensive lineman Jake Matthews was called for holding Long on an eight-yard catch that would have put the Falcons at the Patriots 26-yard line for a potential game-sealing field goal. Instead, the Falcons were pushed out of\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Long\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20917218\",\n \"text\": \"go to overtime, as well as the largest deficit overcome. He won his 4th Super Bowl MVP for setting a Super Bowl record 466 passing yards. 30 Super Bowl records were broken or tied in Super Bowl LI. When the score was 28-3 in the third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were 99.98%. As a result, many consider Super Bowl LI to be the greatest Super Bowl ever played The Patriots started off the season slow yet again, going 2-2 until going 10-1 down the stretch to win another AFC East title and first seed in the AFC. Brady\",\n \"title\": \"Brady/Belichick Era\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20469778\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Atlanta Falcons season The 2018 season is the Atlanta Falcons' 53rd in the National Football League, their second playing their home games at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (the venue for Super Bowl LIII) and their fourth under head coach Dan Quinn. The Falcons attempted to be the first team to play the Super Bowl in their home stadium as an expected Super Bowl contender. However the Falcons were riddled with injuries, losing 7 starters to IR with the Falcons stumbling to a 1–4 start. Following a 31–17 loss to the Saints in Week 12, the Falcons fell to 4–7 and failed\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20017158\",\n \"text\": \"recalled that Shanahan insinuated relief that the Broncos were not playing the Vikings when the two met at a reception after the conference championship games. Two weeks later in the Super Bowl, the Falcons played the Broncos, the game pitting coach Dan Reeves against his former team and their star quarterback, John Elway. Reeves had led the Broncos to three Super Bowl appearances, all losses, and he was fired as the Broncos' head coach after the 1992 NFL season. Afterward, Elway was quoted as saying, \\\"These last three years have been hell. I know I would not have been back\",\n \"title\": \"1998 NFC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394932\",\n \"text\": \"14–2 regular season record. The Falcons, under former Denver head coach Dan Reeves, were making their first Super Bowl appearance after also posting a 14–2 regular season record. Aided by quarterback John Elway's 80-yard touchdown pass to receiver Rod Smith, Denver scored 17 consecutive points to build a 17–3 lead in the second quarter from which Atlanta could not recover. At 38 years old, Elway became the oldest player, at the time, to be named Super Bowl MVP (Tom Brady became the oldest in 2017 at the age of 39, coincidentally also against the Atlanta Falcons). In the final game\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22337\",\n \"text\": \"defense. A few series later, late in the 4th quarter with little time remaining, Atlanta found themselves in a 4th and 4 situation at the 10-yard line. The Falcons needed just 10 more yards to secure victory and advance to their first Super Bowl berth in 14 years. Matt Ryan fired a pass to Roddy White which was ultimately broken up by inside linebacker NaVorro Bowman, resulting in a 28–24 defeat. Following the success of the previous season, the Falcons were an expected Super Bowl contender. However, injuries hampered the team's performance and the team finished the season 4–12. With\",\n \"title\": \"Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11705216\",\n \"text\": \"at 11:52 of the extra quarter; the 30–27 final sent the Falcons to Super Bowl XXXIII. 1998 Atlanta Falcons season The 1998 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise’s 33rd in the National Football League (NFL). The Falcons qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time under the guidance of second-year head coach Dan Reeves. The Falcons won their final nine regular season games to earn the #2 seed in the National Football Conference (NFC) for the postseason and the first-week bye. They beat the San Francisco 49ers in the Divisional round and the #1-seed Minnesota Vikings in the NFC\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12863148\",\n \"text\": \"against the Houston Texans, he had 31 rushing yards in the 34–16 victory. In the AFC Championship against the Pittsburgh Steelers, he finished with 47 rushing yards and a touchdown in the 36–17 victory to reach Super Bowl LI. Blount fumbled in Falcons' territory in the second quarter when game was scoreless. The Patriots trailed 28–3 in the third quarter, but rallied all the way back to win the game by a score of 34–28 against the Atlanta Falcons. The Super Bowl featured the first overtime game in Super Bowl history and the largest comeback in Super Bowl history. Blount\",\n \"title\": \"LeGarrette Blount\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22343\",\n \"text\": \"secured an 11–5 record and a first round bye. In the divisional round of the playoffs, Atlanta defeated the Seahawks 36–20 in the Georgia Dome, and hosted their last game at the Dome against the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2017. The Falcons defeated the Packers 44–21 to advance to Super Bowl LI as the NFC champions. Atlanta was up 28–3 late in the third quarter, and the New England Patriots scored 31 unanswered points, with the last 6 in the first-ever overtime in the Super Bowl. The Patriots' 25-point comeback was the largest\",\n \"title\": \"Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11705207\",\n \"text\": \"1998 Atlanta Falcons season The 1998 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise’s 33rd in the National Football League (NFL). The Falcons qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time under the guidance of second-year head coach Dan Reeves. The Falcons won their final nine regular season games to earn the #2 seed in the National Football Conference (NFC) for the postseason and the first-week bye. They beat the San Francisco 49ers in the Divisional round and the #1-seed Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship Game before losing to Reeves’ old team, the Denver Broncos, 34–19 in Super Bowl XXXIII.\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394905\",\n \"text\": \"AFC broadcast rights ever since), their last NFL broadcast overall until 2006, when they signed on to televise \\\"Sunday Night Football\\\", and their last Super Bowl broadcast until 2009 (Super Bowl XLIII). This was also the last time Channel 4 in the UK would show the Super Bowl – and their last NFL coverage until 2010 – after they had been showing the event since 1983 (Super Bowl XVII). Only Sky Sports would show it live until Five joined them in 2003 (Super Bowl XXXVII). It also marked the last Super Bowl until 2007 for CTV in Canada after airing\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7626807\",\n \"text\": \"on the basketball team. Salaam was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the 7th round (199th overall) of the 1998 NFL Draft. The Falcons went 14-2 during Salaam's rookie season, and won the NFC Championship to earn their first ever trip to the Super Bowl. Salaam started at right tackle in the Falcons' defeat to the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXXIII. Salaam was the 4th rookie in NFL history to start all 19 games including the Super Bowl. He also was the youngest player to start a Super Bowl at the age of 22. Salaam played a total of\",\n \"title\": \"Ephraim Salaam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3200169\",\n \"text\": \"the last iteration, the lower-seeded and favored team won. This was also the second time in Super Bowl history when the favorite was a wild card team; the first was before Super Bowl XXXV, when the Ravens were favored. It also marked the first time since that game the favorite won against the spread. Members of the winning team each received a payment of $73,000 for playing in the game, while players on the losing team were paid $38,000. The Green Bay Packers received $15,000 each for winning Super Bowl I in 1967; adjusted for inflation in 2006 dollars, that\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11466665\",\n \"text\": \"the Lions, the Browns' record-breaking futility began the same year the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers won a championship and their winless season occurred while the Cavaliers were on their way to appearing in the NBA Finals for the fourth-consecutive time. COLOR KEY AND NOTES: The Lions began their 2008 season at the Georgia Dome against the Atlanta Falcons. A pre-season poll on thespread.com said the Falcons (who finished 11–5 before losing in the Wild Card round of the playoffs), were less likely (dead last for that matter) to make the Super Bowl than the Lions. In the first quarter, Detroit trailed\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Detroit Lions season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6332904\",\n \"text\": \"the problem before the next play. It was the last time the championship game had gone to overtime until Super Bowl LI, when the New England Patriots beat the Atlanta Falcons, 34–28, just 3:58 into the overtime period. \\\"Sunday, December 28, 1958\\\"<br> Kickoff: 2:00 p.m. EST The NFL had five game officials in ; the line judge was added in and the side judge in . The gross receipts for the game, including $200,000 for radio and television rights, were over $698,000, the highest to date. Each player on the winning Colts team received $4,718, while Giants players made $3,111\",\n \"title\": \"1958 NFL Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394530\",\n \"text\": \"his three previous attempts had gone unsuccessfully, Elway led the Broncos to Super Bowl XXXII where they finally broke through and won the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history over the Green Bay Packers. A year later, in what later proved to be the final game of his career, Elway led the Broncos to another victory in the Super Bowl as Denver won Super Bowl XXXIII 34-19 over the Atlanta Falcons. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXIV, Super Bowl XXIV Play Finder SF, Super Bowl XXIV Play Finder Den Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted The following\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXIV\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14798171\",\n \"text\": \"the best in sports: \\\"Every year, bus caravans loaded with rowdy (and usually very inebriated) fans make the seven-hour trip between the two cities. Unless you've attended a Falcons-Saints debauchery-filled afternoon, you'll just have to take my word for how much fun it really can be.\\\" Atlanta currently leads the all-time series 52-48 (51-48 regular season, 1-0 playoffs). Each team has appeared in the Super Bowl at least once, the Saints winning Super Bowl XLIV while the Falcons lost in Super Bowls XXXIII and in LI. It began in 1967, the first year of play for the Saints, and press\",\n \"title\": \"Falcons–Saints rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17025369\",\n \"text\": \"Focus. He was ranked the top right tackle and received a $250,000 bonus for making the Pro Bowl. Johnson did not attend the Pro Bowl as the Eagles would play in Super Bowl LII. Johnson and Chris Long wore rubber masks of a German Shepherd (symbolic of the team's underdog status) after the 2017 Divisional playoff game versus the Atlanta Falcons, as the Falcons were considered favorites to win. Following the game, Philadelphia Eagles fans bought so many dog masks from Amazon that they were sold out. In Super Bowl LII, the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 to\",\n \"title\": \"Lane Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20917217\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl LI.\\\\ Against the Falcons, the Patriots defense couldn't stop the high-powered Falcons offense. Brady was inconsistent, off on his throws and throwing an interception to Robert Alford that was returned for a touchdown, the first in Brady's postseason career. By halftime, the score was 21-3. The Falcons scored again in the third quarter to make the score 28-3, a 25-point deficit. In Super Bowls, the largest deficit ever overcome was 10 points. Brady, aged 39, led the Patriots to score 31 unanswered points to win the Super Bowl 34-28 in overtime. It was the first Super Bowl to\",\n \"title\": \"Brady/Belichick Era\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2515151\",\n \"text\": \"to tie the game; the Tennessee Titans against the Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV, the Rams against the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVI, and the Patriots against the Falcons in Super Bowl LI. However, New England retook the lead on their next drive, advancing 68 yards with the aid of a pair of completions from Brady to Givens for gains of 18 and 25 yards. Once again the Patriots were faced with third down and goal, but this time they scored with Brady's 1-yard pass to Vrabel, who had lined up in an eligible tight end position. Then on a\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXVIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16858043\",\n \"text\": \"fifth, moving them into a three-way tie with the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers for second place on the all-time Super Bowl wins list, trailing only the Pittsburgh Steelers who have six victories. New England, after finishing the regular season with a league-best 14–2 record, advanced to their record-setting ninth Super Bowl appearance, their second in three years, and their seventh under the leadership of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady. The Falcons entered the game after completing an 11–5 regular season record, and were trying to win their first Super Bowl title, having lost their\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7167385\",\n \"text\": \"The last time a metropolitan area won the World Series and Super Bowl in the same season was when the Boston Red Sox won the 2004 World Series followed by the Patriots winning Super Bowl XXXIX (and the Patriots won Super Bowl XXXVIII earlier in 2004). As the 49ers – who were attempting to join the New York Giants and Green Bay Packers as the only teams to win a Super Bowl in three different decades – were the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, San Francisco elected to wear their red jerseys, which\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XLVII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394931\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999, at Pro Player Stadium in Miami, Florida (now part of the suburb of Miami Gardens, which became a separate city in 2003). The defending Super Bowl champion Broncos entered the game with an AFC-best\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5008823\",\n \"text\": \"2. They went into halftime with the Falcons leading 24–14. The game would end up with the San Francisco 49ers winning 28–24 when NaVorro Bowman made a stellar defensive play to stop the Falcons on 4th down inside the 49ers 10-yard line. In the victory, Gore had 90 rushing yards and 2 touchdowns allowing the 49ers to go to Super Bowl XLVII, their first Super Bowl since 1994. In the Super Bowl, Gore had 19 carries for 110 yards and a touchdown, but the 49ers fell behind early and couldn't come back, losing the game 34-31 to the Baltimore Ravens.\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Gore\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3417361\",\n \"text\": \"all-rookie team. Tuaolo then played 60 games for the Minnesota Vikings from 1992 to 1996; 6 games for the Jacksonville Jaguars in 1997; 13 games for the Atlanta Falcons in 1998; and 12 games for the Carolina Panthers in 1999. He recorded 134 tackles, 12 sacks, and 1 interception, and, in 1998, won the NFC Championship with the Atlanta Falcons before losing at the Super Bowl to the Denver Broncos. During that Super Bowl XXXIII, Tuaolo recorded the last tackle of football legend John Elway. Tuaolo has entertained a singing career during and after football. While with the Packers, for\",\n \"title\": \"Esera Tuaolo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6718930\",\n \"text\": \"Gray was the pregame, halftime, and postgame host, and live in game reporter for Super Bowl 51 on Westwood One Radio between the New England Patriots vs Atlanta Falcons. It marked the 20th Super Bowl that Gray has been on the live radio or television broadcast of the game, more than any other broadcaster in Super Bowl history. President Donald Trump was interviewed at halftime. In February 2018 in Minneapolis, MN., Gray worked Super Bowl 52, marking the 21st time he has been on the live broadcast of Super Sunday. Gray was the Executive Producer of the ESPN 30 for\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Gray (sportscaster)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4624414\",\n \"text\": \"and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI , where they faced the New England Patriots. Mack was the starting center in the game for the Falcons. In the Super Bowl, the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On December 19, 2018, Mack was named to his fifth Pro Bowl. Alex Mack Javon Alexander \\\"Alex\\\" Mack (born November 19, 1985) is an American football center for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of California, and was drafted by the Cleveland Browns 21st overall in the 2009 NFL Draft. Mack was\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Mack\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394088\",\n \"text\": \"21–17, in Super Bowl X), and both teams were attempting to be the first club to ever win a third Super Bowl. Dallas was also the defending Super Bowl XII champion, and finished the 1978 regular season with a 12–4 record, and posted playoff victories over the Atlanta Falcons and the Los Angeles Rams. Pittsburgh entered the game after posting a 14–2 regular season record and playoff wins over the Denver Broncos and the Houston Oilers. Steelers quarterback Terry Bradshaw, who was named Super Bowl MVP, completed 17 out of 30 passes for Super Bowl records of 318 passing yards\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394969\",\n \"text\": \"number of attempts to be recognized. The minimums are shown (in parenthesis). Source: Prior to the start of the 1998 NFL season, the league swapped position titles with the field judge and back judge. Super Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999,\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11258052\",\n \"text\": \"bye and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Eagles advanced to the Super Bowl after defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the NFC Divisional Round and the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Jenkins started in Super Bowl LII recorded four solo tackles and a pass deflection as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33. The victory in Super Bowl LII marked Jenkins' second Super Bowl victory and became the second time he helped a team achieve their first Super Bowl in franchise history. Jenkins started his own charity called The Malcolm Jenkins\",\n \"title\": \"Malcolm Jenkins\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394099\",\n \"text\": \"six of their first ten games. But Dallas finished strong, winning their last six regular season games to post a 12–4 record. Dallas marched through the playoffs, defeating the Atlanta Falcons, 27–20, and the Los Angeles Rams, 28–0. Meanwhile, the Steelers easily demolished the Denver Broncos, 33–10, and the Houston Oilers, 34–5. Although the Super Bowl had grown into America's biggest one-day sporting event by this point, many believe the 13th edition began the game's evolution to unofficial national holiday. It was the first Super Bowl with a true heavyweight title-fight feel, given the Steelers' and Cowboys' unquestioned status as\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17279822\",\n \"text\": \"Zolak on Patriots broadcasts. Since joining the Patriots broadcast, Socci and Zolak have called three Super Bowl Championships. In February 2015 the Patriots won the franchises fourth Super Bowl defeating the Seattle Seahawks when rookie cornerback Malcolm Butler intercepted a pass at the goal line sealing the title. In February 2017 the duo called \\\"The Greatest Comeback in Super Bowl History\\\" when the Patriots rallied from a 28-3 third quarter deficit to beat the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in the first overtime game in 51 years of the Super Bowl. Before joining the Patriots, Socci's previous broadcasting experience included 15 seasons\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Socci\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9860078\",\n \"text\": \"in New Orleans. As a testament to Doomsday's dominance in the hard-hitting game, defensive linemen Randy White and Harvey Martin were named co-Super Bowl MVPs, the first and only time multiple players have received the award. After a slow start in 1978, Dallas won its final six regular season games to finish the season at 12–4. After an unexpectedly close divisional playoff game against the Atlanta Falcons at Texas Stadium, the Cowboys traveled to Los Angeles and shut out the Rams in the NFC Championship Game 28–0 to return to the Super Bowl. In Super Bowl XIII, Dallas faced the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Dallas Cowboys\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3551010\",\n \"text\": \"the 1989-1993 period in which Tuggle racked up 969 tackles. During that stretch, he made his first Pro Bowl appearance in 1992. Even while the Falcons languished, Tuggle never thought of leaving in free agency, even when he would meet former teammates like Brett Favre. After being with the Falcons through some tough years, the high point in Tuggle's career was 1998, when he played in Super Bowl XXXIII and was voted to the Pro Bowl. Tuggle retired during training camp in 2001 after injuries plagued the end of his career. In his 14 seasons, he recorded 1640 tackles (164\",\n \"title\": \"Jessie Tuggle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19819970\",\n \"text\": \"the Falcons' victory, Adrian Clayborn set a new franchise record of six sacks in one game, breaking the previous record of five sacks. The win eliminated Green Bay from postseason contention. 2017 Atlanta Falcons season The 2017 season was the Atlanta Falcons' 52nd season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Dan Quinn. They entered the season as the defending NFC champions and tried to defend their NFC title for a second consecutive trip to the Super Bowl after losing the previous year against the Patriots in Super Bowl LI. This was the Falcons' first year\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19121787\",\n \"text\": \"the third quarter to give Green Bay its first points. The Falcons won 44–21 to advance to the Super Bowl for the first time since their 1998 season, as well as the second time in franchise history. Matt Ryan had a big game, throwing 4 touchdown passes and running for another score. His 392 yards were the second-most ever thrown in a Championship Game, only behind his 396 yards in the 2012 NFC Championship Games versus the San Francisco 49ers. Julio Jones was another huge part of the Falcons win, with 9 catches, 180 yards and 2 touchdowns. One of\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6752883\",\n \"text\": \"Mohr was with the Bills from 1991 to 2000, during which time he appeared in three Super Bowls with the team—Super Bowl XXVI, Super Bowl XXVII, and Super Bowl XXVIII. He signed with his hometown Atlanta Falcons before the 2001 NFL season, where he played for four years before being waived in 2005. He was signed by the Washington Redskins before the 2005 NFL season began, but was cut a few days later. He officially retired from the NFL in 2007 by signing a one-day contract with the Buffalo Bills. Mohr has four boys. Garrett, Harrison, Quinn and Chapman. Garrett\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Mohr\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9488697\",\n \"text\": \"Dan Stryzinski Daniel Thomas Stryzinski (born May 15, 1965) is a former American football punter who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League. He played in Super Bowl XXXIII as a member of the Atlanta Falcons. Originally from Vincennes, Indiana, Stryzinski has called Atlanta his home for the last 15 years. Stryzinski has a Finance and Management degree from Indiana University. After college, Stryzinski pursued his dream of playing football in the NFL and after 14 years (6 with the Atlanta Falcons) he retired. With retirement came the time and ability to pursue another passion of his, cars, and\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Stryzinski\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"393896\",\n \"text\": \"first time the Super Bowl venue was not home to that of an NFL franchise. This was also the first Super Bowl not to be held in either the Los Angeles, Miami or New Orleans areas. It was also the last Super Bowl, and penultimate game overall (the 1974 Pro Bowl in Kansas City played the next week was the last) to feature goal posts at the front of the end zone (they were moved to the endline, in the back of the endzone the next season). This was the Dolphins' third consecutive Super Bowl appearance. They posted a 12–2\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl VIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19819966\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Atlanta Falcons season The 2017 season was the Atlanta Falcons' 52nd season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Dan Quinn. They entered the season as the defending NFC champions and tried to defend their NFC title for a second consecutive trip to the Super Bowl after losing the previous year against the Patriots in Super Bowl LI. This was the Falcons' first year in Mercedes-Benz Stadium after spending the previous 25 seasons in the Georgia Dome, which was demolished on November 20, 2017. Mercedes-Benz Stadium opened as scheduled on August 26, 2017; however, its\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18315346\",\n \"text\": \"for 203 yards and four touchdowns. Hardy and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots. In the Super Bowl, Hardy had two kickoff returns for 17 total yards as the Falcons fell in a 34–28 overtime defeat. In the 2017 season, Hardy recorded 20 receptions for 221 yards and three touchdowns. Justin Hardy Justin Hardy (born December 18, 1991) is an American football wide receiver for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Falcons in the fourth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. He played college football\",\n \"title\": \"Justin Hardy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6089864\",\n \"text\": \"the New York Giants defeated the previously undefeated New England Patriots 17–14 with a paid attendance crowd of 71,101. This was the second time the Phoenix area hosted a Super Bowl, the other being Super Bowl XXX held in nearby Tempe at Sun Devil Stadium in 1996 when the Dallas Cowboys defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Cardinals' first home playoff game since 1947 took place at the stadium on January 3, 2009, with Arizona beating the Atlanta Falcons, 30–24. The stadium also hosted the between the Cardinals and Philadelphia Eagles on January 18, 2009, which the Cardinals won 32–25 in\",\n \"title\": \"State Farm Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7037818\",\n \"text\": \"coming up short, Bennett became a head coach for the first time when he was hired by the Falcons on February 3, 1977. During his first season in Atlanta, Bennett's defense became known as the \\\"Grits Blitz\\\" for its ferocious style and allowing just 129 points, a record for a 14-game season. The overall improvement of the team became evident the following year, when the Falcons defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Wild Card game, then put up a strong fight against the defending Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys. After the team endured a losing season in 1979, Bennett\",\n \"title\": \"Leeman Bennett\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6468830\",\n \"text\": \"logo. Their default colors were blue tops, blue pants and orange shoes. This would continue until 2012 when they assigned the all blue to the \\\"Main Alternate\\\" slot, replacing the primary uniforms with orange tops, white bottoms and orange/white shoes. Having lost a disappointing playoff game to Jacksonville the year before, many thought this might be John Elway's last chance to win a Super Bowl. They started off the season by winning their first six games, beating the Chiefs, Seahawks, Rams, Bengals, Falcons and Patriots in the first game between the last two unbeaten NFL teams since 1973. They then\",\n \"title\": \"1997 Denver Broncos season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394948\",\n \"text\": \"focused on whether or not Elway would retire after the season (which he eventually did). Elway became the first quarterback to start five Super Bowls; he previously started Super Bowls XXI, XXII, XXIV, and XXXII. Broncos defensive lineman Mike Lodish was making his record 6th appearance in a Super Bowl. He played with Buffalo in all four of their Super Bowl losses (Super Bowl XXV through XXVIII) and with Denver's first Super Bowl win the year before. On the night before the Super Bowl, Falcons safety Eugene Robinson was arrested for solicitation of prostitution. While driving alone in a rented\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9951937\",\n \"text\": \"at Florida State, Mickey Andrews, later said Bush \\\"was the most complete player he had ever coached.\\\" The Atlanta Falcons chose Bush in the first round, with the 26th overall pick, of the 1995 NFL Draft. Between 1995 and 2002, he played at both safety spots in his career for the Atlanta Falcons, St. Louis Rams and Cleveland Browns. He appeared in two Super Bowls: the Falcons' loss to the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXXIII at the end of the 1998–99 season, and the St. Louis Rams' 23–16 win over the Tennessee Titans Super Bowl XXXIV in 1999–2000. Bush\",\n \"title\": \"Devin Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9408712\",\n \"text\": \"seconds, four tenths of a second off the world record at the time. He was drafted in the second round by the expansion New Orleans Saints. He played his first two seasons in New Orleans, and then had stints with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1969 to 1971, the Minnesota Vikings from 1972 to 1975, the Atlanta Falcons in 1976, and brief stints with the Chicago Bears and back in New Orleans for 1977. Gilliam played in 2 Super Bowls with the Vikings, Super Bowl VIII and Super Bowl IX. He was elected to the Pro Bowl all four years\",\n \"title\": \"John Gilliam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12304615\",\n \"text\": \"repeat winner (with the last one being the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX). In a poll conducted by NFL.com a couple of months after the game, Super Bowl XLIX was voted by its readers as the \\\"greatest Super Bowl game\\\" of all time. The article does report that the voting was structured to try to account for \\\"recency bias\\\" in relation to the game at the time when the poll was conducted, but voters still \\\"pushed it through the competition\\\". Most lists of greatest Super Bowls continue to list it in the top few games. After the game, Seattle faced\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XLIX\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7607566\",\n \"text\": \"captain during the senior year. Following his senior season, Hallen was chosen to play in the 1998 Senior Bowl in Mobile, Alabama, marking the first time a Kent State player participated in this bowl game. Hallen was selected in the 1998 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons in the second round (53rd overall) and went on to play in Super Bowl XXXIII. He played from 1998 to 2001 for the Falcons. He also played for the San Diego Chargers from 2002 to 2005. He signed with the Cleveland Browns prior to the 2006 NFL season. Hallen's career came to an\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Hallen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19121814\",\n \"text\": \"year, lost the Super Bowl, and missed the playoffs the following season. This was also the first team to have at least 15 wins and finish last in their division the following season. They were eliminated from playoff contention in Week 16 when they lost to the Atlanta Falcons 33-16. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. NFL Kickoff game The Panthers were up 17–7 in the fourth quarter which saw the Broncos put up 14 points. Down 21–20, Graham Gano attempted a potential game winning 50 yard kick but the ball flew wide left, handing the Panthers a\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Carolina Panthers season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3200111\",\n \"text\": \"as one of the top ten controversial calls of all time. Similarly controversial calls throughout the game have put Super Bowl XL as the prime example of bad refereeing amongst officials, newscasters, and fans alike, even years later. It is the last Super Bowl and NFL game broadcast on ABC. Although the Super Bowl had largely been presented in high definition since Super Bowl XXXIV, Super Bowl XL was the first Super Bowl where all aspects of the game itself were aired in HD. Ford Field was selected to host Super Bowl XL on November 1, 2000 at the owners\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10255938\",\n \"text\": \"Pro Bowl) Cowboys safety Darren Woodson. Woodson represented the last player link to the Jimmy Johnson Cowboys (and to all three Super Bowl teams of the 1990s). Woodson was on the roster the following season (2004) but never saw action due to injury. The Parcells era of the Cowboys began inauspiciously in a 27-13 loss to the Falcons at Texas Stadium. With Michael Vick out with injury Doug Johnson started for the Falcons and had two passing touchdowns and a rushing score. Quincy Carter had a touchdown to Joey Galloway and an interception. On \\\"Monday Night Football\\\" Parcells returned to\",\n \"title\": \"2003 Dallas Cowboys season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9869316\",\n \"text\": \"thousands more swamped the highways during their convoy to team headquarters. In the two-week interval between the NFC Championship game and Super Bowl XXXIII, media attention was focused mostly upon the Falcons' opponent, the Denver Broncos, their retiring quarterback John Elway, and former Denver coach Dan Reeves's relationship with Elway, which was at times contentious during his tenure as Broncos coach. Falcons Pro Bowl CB Ray Buchanan also jokingly guaranteed a win to a reporter, with this statement being blown out of proportion by the overzealous media. Days later, Buchanan attracted further attention when he greeted the media wearing a\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4182643\",\n \"text\": \"also finished 13-3 that season to earn the first-seed in the playoffs; in Gonzalez first playoff game in five years, the Falcons were defeated by the eventual Super Bowl champions Green Bay Packers. During the NFL lockout in 2011, Gonzalez contemplated retiring rather than sitting out an entire season and waiting to play in 2012. After the lockout was eventually lifted by the league, Gonzalez was adamant he had at least three seasons left in him and was excited at the prospects of returning to the Falcons who are widely considered to be Super Bowl contenders. On the NFL Top\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Gonzalez\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10777353\",\n \"text\": \"in Super Bowl XLVIII. He has also served as offensive line and tight ends coach for the Atlanta Falcons, as well as tight ends coach for the San Diego Chargers. Barone worked with All-Pro players Alge Crumpler (Falcons) and Antonio Gates (Chargers), and Julius Thomas (Broncos) all of whom made multiple Pro Bowl appearances under his guidance. Kyle Rudolph (Vikings) also was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 2017 season. This feat marked the first time in NFL history that a Tight Ends coach had four players selected to Pro Bowls with four teams. In addition, Barone also coached\",\n \"title\": \"Clancy Barone\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22331\",\n \"text\": \"20–10 in the final game of the season to improve their record to 9–7. In 2010, with a regular season record of 13–3, the Falcons secured a third straight winning season, their fourth overall divisional title, and the top overall seed in the NFC playoffs; however, the Falcons were overpowered by the eventual Super Bowl XLV champion Green Bay Packers in the NFC Divisional Playoffs 48–21. The Falcons scored 414 points – the fifth-most in franchise history. The team sent an NFL-high and franchise-best nine players to the 2011 Pro Bowl. The Falcons made a surprise trade up with the\",\n \"title\": \"Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7174539\",\n \"text\": \"beaten at home by the eventual Super Bowl XLV champions, the Green Bay Packers, 48-21 in the NFC Divisional Round. The 2011 season ended with another winning record (10-6) and Smith's third playoff appearance (a first-round loss, by another eventual Super Bowl champion, the New York Giants). In 2012 Smith led the Falcons to a league best 13-3 record and recorded his first win in the postseason as Falcons head coach, edging the Seattle Seahawks 30-28 in the . With the win, Atlanta also made their 3rd all-time appearance in the NFC Championship Game, and hosted the game for the\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Smith (American football coach)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15206387\",\n \"text\": \"for just the fourth time in franchise history. On January 22, 2017, Quinn's Falcons won the NFC Championship against the Green Bay Packers 44–21, clinching a berth to play in Super Bowl LI against the New England Patriots. Up 21–3 at halftime and 28–3 in the third quarter, the Falcons blew the largest lead in Super Bowl history and lost the game in overtime by a score of 34–28. NFL head coaches under whom Quinn has served: Assistant coaches under Quinn who have become NFL head coaches: Dan Quinn (American football) Daniel Patrick Quinn (born September 11, 1970) is an\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Quinn (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5106157\",\n \"text\": \"their win in Super Bowl XLIV is the highlight of an 8–9 playoff record. The Falcons record is 330–432–6 with a playoff record of 9–13; the Falcons lost in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI, the latter in overtime. The Buccaneers record is 241–386–1 with a victory in their only Super Bowl appearance, Super Bowl XXXVII, and an overall playoff record of 6–9. The Panthers have the best playoff record (9–8) of any team in the division with losses in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50 and the best overall record in the division (166–169–1). The NFC South is the only NFC\",\n \"title\": \"NFC South\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19819969\",\n \"text\": \"elected to open the roof if weather permitted, marking the first time since the 1991 season, the team's final season at their original home of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, that the Falcons played a home game in Atlanta under open air. The Falcons controlled most of the game, went up by as much as 24, and won 34–23. They were led by Devonta Freeman (19 rushes, 84 yards, 2 TD) and Julio Jones (108 yards, 5 receptions). The 2017 Falcons became only the fourth team in NFL history to start 2–0 after they lost the Super Bowl the previous year. In\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394446\",\n \"text\": \"the first Sunday in February (with the exception of Super Bowl XXXVII, which was played on January 26, 2003). This was also the last east coast Super Bowl that began under daylight. For the 49ers, it was their first Super Bowl appearance since they defeated the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl XIX. They had made the playoffs in the three seasons between Super Bowl XIX and Super Bowl XXIII, but were eliminated each time in the first round, primarily because of the poor performances by their offensive stars in those games; quarterback Joe Montana, receiver Jerry Rice, and running back\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19807797\",\n \"text\": \"won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394941\",\n \"text\": \"a 3–13 record the year before that. In fact, the team recorded just four winning seasons in the last 20 years prior to 1998, and only two in the 1990s. (See \\\"List of Atlanta Falcons seasons\\\".) However, the Falcons' fortunes began to improve after Dan Reeves became their head coach in 1997. During Reeves' first season with Atlanta, they finished the season 6–2, after starting out 1–7, to compile a 7–9 record overall. Reeves was Denver's head coach from 1981 to 1992, leading the Elway-led Broncos to Super Bowls XXI, XXII, and XXIV. But they lost each one, including a\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4245756\",\n \"text\": \"became the third NFL team to advance to the Super Bowl after winning three playoff games despite winning its division; the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl XXXVIII and the Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLI were the other two. In addition, they would become the first team to advance to the Super Bowl as both a division winner and a No. 4 seed. The Baltimore Ravens were the last No. 4 seed to advance to a Super Bowl before this game, as they were the No. 4 seed in the AFC when they went on to win Super Bowl XXXV,\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XLIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16858060\",\n \"text\": \"with 15½; Beasley also forced six fumbles. Rookie linebacker Deion Jones was also an impact player, leading the team in combined tackles (108) and interceptions (three). The Falcons secondary featured hard-hitting safety Keanu Neal, who had 106 tackles and forced five fumbles. Safety Ricardo Allen added 90 tackles and two interceptions. But overall, the defense ranked just 27th in the league in points allowed (406). This game marked the Falcons' second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, after having lost Super Bowl XXXIII in January 1999 to the Denver Broncos. The Patriots, with the AFC's #1 seed, began their postseason\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16977654\",\n \"text\": \"time since 1997. 2013 Atlanta Falcons season The Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise's 48th season in the National Football League and the sixth under head coach Mike Smith. An expected Super Bowl contender riddled with injuries, the Falcons had a tough start to the season, finishing with a 4–12 record and failing to improve their 13–3 record from 2012. Notes The Falcons would travel to New Orleans to open their season. The Falcons would carry a 17-13 lead into the fourth quarter, but the Saints would score a touchdown with 6:22 remaining. The Falcons would try to rally, but\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15876412\",\n \"text\": \"team, the Atlanta Falcons. Bruce Irvin (American football) Bruce Pernell Irvin, Jr. (born November 1, 1987) is an American football defensive end for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft. Irvin won Super Bowl XLVIII over the Denver Broncos, and also played in Super Bowl XLIX where he became the first player ever to be ejected from a Super Bowl. He played college football at West Virginia. Irvin attended Stockbridge High School in Stockbridge, Georgia, until transferring to Stephenson High School in\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce Irvin (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6970447\",\n \"text\": \"fumbles. He also had a great year as a punt returner, gaining a career-high 543 yards and scoring a league leading 3 touchdowns. His team finished the season with a 12–4 record and made it to Super Bowl XXXII, where Gordon won his first championship ring. In the following season, the Broncos recorded a 14–2 record and made it back to the Super Bowl again. Gordon's performance in Super Bowl XXXIII was a key factor in Denver's 34-19 win over the Atlanta Falcons. He intercepted 2 passes from Falcons quarterback Chris Chandler in the end zone during the fourth quarter\",\n \"title\": \"Darrien Gordon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394683\",\n \"text\": \"per team), the traditional bye week between the conference championship games and the Super Bowl was not employed; the last time this happened was before Super Bowl XXV. This is the only time that the same two teams met in consecutive Super Bowls. The defending Super Bowl XXVII champion Cowboys finished with a 12–4 regular season record, despite key players missing games due to injuries. The Bills were making their fourth consecutive Super Bowl appearance, but still seeking their first title, after also finishing with a 12–4 regular season record, largely through the strength of their no-huddle offense. After trailing\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXVIII\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18452697\",\n \"text\": \"and Pittsburgh, with the series tied 1–1 entering the game. The last time the two teams had met was in 1997. After finishing their regular season with a 7–5 record, the Cougars accepted their invitation to play in the game. The game was Houston's fourth Armed Forces Bowl, tying them with the Air Force Falcons for the most appearances in the game. The Cougars were 1–2 in the game before 2015, having lost the 2005 Fort Worth Bowl to the Kansas Jayhawks by a score of 42–13, then having won the 2008 game over the 2008 Air Force Falcons by\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Armed Forces Bowl (January)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19798824\",\n \"text\": \"per game and 478 total points scored - tops in both categories. On Christmas Eve, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 in a Super Bowl XXXIV rematch to clinch the NFC West for the first time since 2003 and their first playoff berth since 2004. This was also their first division title as the Los Angeles Rams since the 1985 season. Their promising season came to a end as they were defeated by the No. 6 seed and defending NFC Champions, the Atlanta Falcons, 13–26 in the Wild Card Round. Coincidentally in the Rams' last playoff game in 2005,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Los Angeles Rams season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16858100\",\n \"text\": \"the ball right. He was hit by Falcons defenders at the 1-yard line, but managed to stretch forward and get the ball across the goal line before his knee hit the ground, scoring a touchdown to give the Patriots the 34–28 victory. It marked the first time in NFL postseason history that a team leading by 17 points or more at the start of the fourth quarter went on to lose the game. Previously, dating back to 1940, teams leading by 17 or more points after three quarters in playoff games were 133–0 in such situations. Super Bowl LI had\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":91,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"92"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the default administrative distance assigned to all ospf routes"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["110"],"string":"[\n \"110\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"4322054","text":"network administrator. On Cisco routers, routes issued by OSPF have a lower default administrative distance than routes issued by the Routing Information Protocol. By default, OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110 and RIP has a default administrative distance of 120. The administrative distance (AD) value is assigned by the router on a per-protocol basis. Routers, by design, should not install multiple routes into the routing table as this has the potential to cause routing loops. While a router may run multiple routing protocols on the same device, it is necessary for the router to implement a process to","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"4322054","text":"network administrator. On Cisco routers, routes issued by OSPF have a lower default administrative distance than routes issued by the Routing Information Protocol. By default, OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110 and RIP has a default administrative distance of 120. The administrative distance (AD) value is assigned by the router on a per-protocol basis. Routers, by design, should not install multiple routes into the routing table as this has the potential to cause routing loops. While a router may run multiple routing protocols on the same device, it is necessary for the router to implement a process to","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"4322056","text":"administrative distances to determine which protocol has the lowest value. The router prefers protocols that have a lower assigned administrative distance. For example, OSPF has a default distance of 110, so it is preferred by the router process, over RIP, which has a default distance of 120. The administrator can arbitrarily reconfigure the administrative distances, which affects the ranking of the preferred routes by the routing process. On Cisco routers, static routes have an administrative distance of 1, making them preferred over routes issued by a dynamic routing protocol. The administrative distance is a value that is always only referenced","title":"Administrative distance"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322054\",\n \"text\": \"network administrator. On Cisco routers, routes issued by OSPF have a lower default administrative distance than routes issued by the Routing Information Protocol. By default, OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110 and RIP has a default administrative distance of 120. The administrative distance (AD) value is assigned by the router on a per-protocol basis. Routers, by design, should not install multiple routes into the routing table as this has the potential to cause routing loops. While a router may run multiple routing protocols on the same device, it is necessary for the router to implement a process to\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322054\",\n \"text\": \"network administrator. On Cisco routers, routes issued by OSPF have a lower default administrative distance than routes issued by the Routing Information Protocol. By default, OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110 and RIP has a default administrative distance of 120. The administrative distance (AD) value is assigned by the router on a per-protocol basis. Routers, by design, should not install multiple routes into the routing table as this has the potential to cause routing loops. While a router may run multiple routing protocols on the same device, it is necessary for the router to implement a process to\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322056\",\n \"text\": \"administrative distances to determine which protocol has the lowest value. The router prefers protocols that have a lower assigned administrative distance. For example, OSPF has a default distance of 110, so it is preferred by the router process, over RIP, which has a default distance of 120. The administrator can arbitrarily reconfigure the administrative distances, which affects the ranking of the preferred routes by the routing process. On Cisco routers, static routes have an administrative distance of 1, making them preferred over routes issued by a dynamic routing protocol. The administrative distance is a value that is always only referenced\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"4322058","text":"in preference to OSPF. codice_1 Manually configuring the administrative distance is also required when configuring a floating static route. Floating static routes are used to provide an alternate path when a primary link fails. In order for static routes to be configured as a backup, the static route's administrative distance would need to be adjusted. Otherwise, it will take precedence over all routing protocols and routes issued from a routing protocol will not be inserted into the routing table. The example below shows how to configure the administrative distance to 254 to specify that it should only be used as","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"4322053","text":"Administrative distance Administrative distance (AD) or route preference is a number of arbitrary unit assigned to dynamic routes, static routes and directly-connected routes. The value is used by vendor-specific routers to rank routes from most preferred (low administrative distance value) to least preferred (high administrative distance value). When multiple paths to the same destination are available in its routing table, the router uses the route with the lowest administrative distance. Router vendors typically design their routers to assign a default administrative distance to each kind of route that is used, however, this value can usually be adjusted manually by a","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"4322060","text":"installed into the routing table. codice_3 The \"do show ip route\" command will display the following, confirming that a static route has an administrative distance of 1. codice_4 Administrative distance Administrative distance (AD) or route preference is a number of arbitrary unit assigned to dynamic routes, static routes and directly-connected routes. The value is used by vendor-specific routers to rank routes from most preferred (low administrative distance value) to least preferred (high administrative distance value). When multiple paths to the same destination are available in its routing table, the router uses the route with the lowest administrative distance. Router vendors","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"4322055","text":"ensure that multiple routes, pointing to the same destination do not simultaneously exist in the routing table. Each process running on a router advertises its administrative distance value to the local router. The router uses this value to determine which route should be used. Once a route has been selected, the routing information database is updated. If two routes have the same administrative distance, the router uses its vendor-specific algorithm to determine which route should be installed. Cisco routers simply ignore the values and fall back to the default values, which are never the same. The router will usually compare","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"10481192","text":"are not standardized among IP routers. It is fair to say that subnets on directly connected active interfaces are always preferred. Beyond that, however, there will be differences. Implementers generally have a numerical preference, which Cisco calls an \"administrative distance\", for route selection. The lower the preference, the more desirable the route. Cisco's IOS implementation makes exterior BGP the most preferred source of dynamic routing information, while Nortel RS makes intra-area OSPF most preferred. The general order of selecting routes to install is: See forwarding plane for more detail, but each implementation has its own means of updating the forwarding","title":"Control plane"},{"docid":"1391723","text":"routes are preferred or avoided. BGP is used by internet service providers (ISPs) and telecommunication companies. Among the distance-vector protocols that have been described as a hybrid, because it uses routing methods associated with link-state routing protocols, is the proprietary Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). It was developed by Cisco in the 1980s and was designed to offer better convergence and cause less network traffic between routers than the link-state routing protocol Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Another example of a distance-vector routing protocol is Babel. Compared to link-state protocols, which require a router to inform all the nodes","title":"Distance-vector routing protocol"},{"docid":"539709","text":"\"state\" of a given route in the network is the cost, and OSPF algorithm allows every router to calculate the cost of the routes to any given reachable destination. Unless the administrator has made a configuration, the link cost of a path connected to a router is determined by the bit rate (1 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s, etc) of the interface. A router interface with OSPF will then advertise its link cost to neighbouring routers through multicast, known as the \"hello procedure\". All routers with OSPF implementation keep sending hello packets, and thus changes in the cost of their links become","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"539712","text":"router (ABR). An ABR maintains separate link-state databases for each area it serves and maintains summarized routes for all areas in the network. OSPF detects changes in the topology, such as link failures, and converges on a new loop-free routing structure within seconds. OSPF has become a popular dynamic routing protocol. Other commonly used dynamic routing protocols are the RIP and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Today routers support at least one interior gateway protocol to advertise their routing tables within a local area network. Frequently implemented interior gateway protocols besides OSPF are RIP, IS-IS, and the proprietary Interior Gateway","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"4322059","text":"a last resort. codice_2 In the event that two routing protocols are configured with the same administrative distance, the Cisco router will ignore the configured values and instead use the default values. Verifying the configuration of the administrative distance is done on Cisco equipment using the \"show ip route\" command in privileged exec mode on the console of the Cisco router. In the example shown below, the administrative distance is 1. The letter \"S\" indicates that the route is a static route that has, for all intents and purposes, been added manually to the router process by the administrator and","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"539737","text":"into OSPF from multiple ASBRs as a Type I external route and the same external cost specified, other routers will go to the ASBR with the least path cost from its location. This can be tuned further by adjusting the external cost. In contrast, if the default route from different ISPs is injected with different external costs, as a Type II external route, the lower-cost default becomes the primary exit and the higher-cost becomes the backup only. The only real limiting factor that may compel major ISPs to select IS-IS over OSPF is if they have a network with more","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"2773936","text":"It is common to see static routes defined for these connections in order to avoid extra service charges. Other routing protocols such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) only send updates when a connection changes. These routing protocols are ideal for DDR and must be configured with \"default-information originate\" on a Cisco router. Dialer maps are configured on each interface to specify which numbers to dial and how long to stay on the line waiting for the receiving end to pick up. For example, if two dialer map commands on the Serial Interface","title":"Dial-on-demand routing"},{"docid":"539726","text":"by the ASBR. A transit area is an area with two or more OSPF border routers and is used to pass network traffic from one adjacent area to another. The transit area does not originate this traffic and is not the destination of such traffic. OSPF defines the following overlapping categories of routers: The router type is an attribute of an OSPF process. A given physical router may have one or more OSPF processes. For example, a router that is connected to more than one area, and which receives routes from a BGP process connected to another AS, is both","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"539708","text":"that could calculate the \"fastest\" route to a destination. OSPF was developed so that the shortest path through a network was calculated based on the \"cost\" of the route, taking into account bandwidth, delay and load. Therefore OSPF undertakes route cost calculation on the basis of link-cost parameters, which can be weighted by the administrator. OSPF was quickly adopted because it became known for reliably calculating routes through large and complex local area networks. As a link state routing protocol, OSPF maintains link state databases, which are really network topology maps, on every router on which it is implemented. The","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"4322057","text":"by the local router itself. The administrative distance is not advertised on the network. The following table lists the default administrative distances for various routing protocols used on Cisco routers. The network administrator may modify the administrative distance to change the desired ranking of router protocols. This may be necessary in cases where routing redistribution has to be used, otherwise, routing loops could occur. The Cisco Internetwork Operating System enables network administrators to modify the distance by changing the distance value in sub-router configuration mode. In the example below, RIP's administrative distance is changed to 89 so that it used","title":"Administrative distance"},{"docid":"539735","text":"to share information about group memberships. In broadcast multiple-access networks, neighbor adjacency is formed dynamically using multicast hello packets to 224.0.0.5. A DR and BDR are elected normally, and function normally. For non-broadcast multiple-access networks (NBMA), RFC 2328 defined the following two official modes for OSPF: Cisco has defined the following three additional modes for OSPF in NBMA topologies: OSPF is the first widely deployed routing protocol that can converge a network in a few seconds and guarantee loop-free paths. It has many features that allow the imposition of policies about the propagation of routes that it may be appropriate","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"539736","text":"to keep local, for load sharing, and for selective route importing more than IS-IS. IS-IS, in contrast, can be tuned for lower overhead in a stable network, the sort more common in ISP than enterprise networks. There are some historical accidents that made IS-IS the preferred IGP for ISPs, but ISPs today may well choose to use the features of the now-efficient implementations of OSPF, after first considering the pros and cons of IS-IS in service provider environments. As mentioned, OSPF can provide better load-sharing on external links than other IGPs. When the default route to an ISP is injected","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"10191066","text":"application developers, and sometimes users, to design their own namespaces for data exchange has several benefits: NDN routes and forwards packets based on names, which eliminates three problems caused by addresses in the IP architecture: NDN can use conventional routing algorithms such as link state and distance vector. Instead of announcing IP prefixes, an NDN router announces name prefixes that cover the data the router is willing to serve. Conventional routing protocols, such as OSPF and BGP, can be adapted to route on name prefixes by treating names as a sequence of opaque components and doing component-wise longest prefix match","title":"Named data networking"},{"docid":"539719","text":"to the area identifier \"0.0.0.1\", but some have been known to expand it as \"1.0.0.0\". OSPF defines several special area types: The backbone area (also known as \"area 0\" or \"area 0.0.0.0\") forms the core of an OSPF network. All other areas are connected to it, either directly or through other routers. Inter-area routing happens via routers connected to the backbone area and to their own associated areas. It is the logical and physical structure for the 'OSPF domain' and is attached to all nonzero areas in the OSPF domain. Note that in OSPF the term Autonomous System Boundary Router","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"348058","text":"rapidly, making the manual construction of routing tables unfeasible. Nevertheless, most of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) uses pre-computed routing tables, with fallback routes if the most direct route becomes blocked (see routing in the PSTN). Dynamic routing attempts to solve this problem by constructing routing tables automatically, based on information carried by routing protocols, allowing the network to act nearly autonomously in avoiding network failures and blockages. Dynamic routing dominates the Internet. Examples of dynamic-routing protocols and algorithms include Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Distance vector algorithms","title":"Routing"},{"docid":"505542","text":"is also widely deployed in case of MPLS L3 VPN, to exchange VPN labels learned for the routes from the customer sites over the MPLS network, in order to distinguish between different customer sites when the traffic from the other customer sites comes to the Provider Edge router (PE router) for routing. BGP4 is standard for Internet routing and required of most Internet service providers (ISPs) to establish routing between one another. Very large private IP networks use BGP internally. An example is the joining of a number of large Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) networks, when OSPF by itself","title":"Border Gateway Protocol"},{"docid":"6717566","text":"shuttle routes, longer distance, rush hour express routes, and regular, intermediate length routes. Nearly all the routes are organized into a hub and spoke system centered on Downtown Harrisburg. The hub in the system is the CAT Transfer Center, located at the southeast corner of the intersection of 2nd Street and Market Street in Harrisburg's Market Square. CAT routes have either a number or letter and route name assigned to distinguish individual routes. Generally speaking, numbered routes operate in the Harrisburg \"East Shore\" area in Dauphin County, while lettered routes operate across the Susquehanna River in the Harrisburg \"West Shore\"","title":"Capital Area Transit (Harrisburg)"},{"docid":"539724","text":"Quagga), implement the two extensions below for stub and not-so-stubby areas. Although not covered by RFC standards, they are considered by many to be standard features in OSPF implementations. A newly acquired subsidiary is one example of where it might be suitable for an area to be simultaneously not-so-stubby and totally stubby if the practical place to put an ASBR is on the edge of a totally stubby area. In such a case, the ASBR does send externals into the totally stubby area, and they are available to OSPF speakers within that area. In Cisco's implementation, the external routes can","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"11949425","text":"rack-switch with 1, 10 and 40 Gbit/s ethernet interfaces is designed for use in colo center. Offers layer2 and layer3 capabilities at wire-speed for all 64 interfaces running in 10 Gbit/s. Layer3 routing protocols supported include static routes, RIP v2, OSPF and BGP-4.The switch-fabric can switch 2.28 Tbit/s and forward up to 950 million packets per second. The switch is capable of building a route-table with up to 16000 prefixes, 8000 host-entries and 4000 multicast routes and up to 4096 VLANs are supported. On top of that a high number of ingress or egress ACLs can be configured. The 3064","title":"Cisco Nexus switches"},{"docid":"7539804","text":"states (Delaware, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, and New Jersey) use the default shield on their primary systems, and all others use a custom design. Oklahoma used the default until 2006, when it changed to a state outline; however, many state routes still have the old default markers. Maryland uses the default sporadically for locally maintained sections of state-numbered highways, most often in Baltimore, but otherwise uses a different design. Virginia and West Virginia use the default for their secondary state routes but different designs for their primary state routes. There are several additional designs used in the other states and territories.","title":"Highway shield"},{"docid":"18821964","text":"New Castle County. US 113 serves as a branch of US 13 in the southern part of the state. US 9 is an exception to the numbering pattern as it runs east–west across Sussex County, though the route runs north–south in New Jersey and New York. State routes in Delaware are signed with the MUTCD default circular route marker, which consists of black numbers in a white circle on a rectangular black background. These routes are largely assigned in a pattern similar to the Interstate and U.S. routes. Odd-numbered routes generally run north-south and even-numbered routes generally run east-west. A","title":"Delaware State Route System"},{"docid":"10481185","text":"defined by such mechanisms as differentiated services. Depending on the specific router implementation, there may be a separate forwarding information base that is populated (i.e., loaded) by the control plane, but used by the forwarding plane to look up packets, at very high speed, and decide how to handle them. A major function of the control plane is deciding which routes go into the main routing table. \"Main\" refers to the table that holds the unicast routes that are active. Multicast routing may require an additional routing table for multicast routes. Several routing protocols e.g. IS-IS, OSPF and BGP maintain","title":"Control plane"},{"docid":"15716830","text":"it loses its uplink to the rest of the network. All PCM switches can be configured as pure layer-2 switches or they can be configured to do all routing: both routing between the configured VLAN's as external routing. Besides static routes the switches also support OSPF and RIP routing. When using the switch as routing switch you need to configure vlan interfaces and assign an IP address to that vlan interface: it is not possible to assign an IP address directly to a physical interface. All PowerConnect blade switches, except for the \"original\" PC-M8024, can be stacked. To stack the","title":"Dell M1000e"},{"docid":"6438381","text":"ISP itself, but also tells one customer AS which specific router has the best path to the other customer. The \"full routes\", or properly \"full routes plus customer routes\", coming to a customer router makes that customer router part of the DFZ, but certainly not part of the \"skitter core\". Default-free zone In the context of Internet routing, the default-free zone (DFZ) refers to the collection of all Internet autonomous systems (AS) that do not require a default route to route a packet to any destination. Conceptually, DFZ routers have a \"complete\" BGP table, sometimes referred to as the Internet","title":"Default-free zone"},{"docid":"539710","text":"known to neighbouring routers. The information about the cost of a link, that is the speed of a point to point connection between two routers, is then cascaded through the network because OSPF routers advertise the information they receive from one neighbouring router to all other neighbouring routers. This process of flooding link state information through the network is known as \"synchronisation\". Based on this information, all routers with OSPF implementation continuously update their link state databases with information about the network topology and adjust their routing tables. An OSPF network can be structured, or subdivided, into routing \"areas\" to","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"6150132","text":"Link-state advertisement The link-state advertisement (LSA) is a basic communication means of the OSPF routing protocol for the Internet Protocol (IP). It communicates the router's local routing topology to all other local routers in the same OSPF area. OSPF is designed for scalability, so some LSAs are not flooded out on all interfaces, but only on those that belong to the appropriate area. In this way detailed information can be kept localized, while summary information is flooded to the rest of the network. The original IPv4-only OSPFv2 and the newer IPv6-compatible OSPFv3 have broadly similar LSA types. The LSA types","title":"Link-state advertisement"},{"docid":"348068","text":"routing table (sorted by priority): Because a routing metric is specific to a given routing protocol, multi-protocol routers must use some external heuristic to select between routes learned from different routing protocols. Cisco routers, for example, attribute a value known as the administrative distance to each route, where smaller administrative distances indicate routes learned from a supposedly more reliable protocol. A local network administrator, in special cases, can set up host-specific routes to a particular device that provides more control over network usage, permits testing, and better overall security. This is useful for debugging network connections or routing tables. In","title":"Routing"},{"docid":"1391727","text":"cases. The addition of a \"hold time\" (refusing route updates for a few minutes after a route retraction) avoids loop formation in virtually all cases, but causes a significant increase in convergence times. More recently, a number of loop-free distance vector protocols have been developed — notable examples are EIGRP, DSDV and Babel. These avoid loop formation in all cases, but suffer from increased complexity, and their deployment has been slowed down by the success of link-state routing protocols such as OSPF. In this network we have 4 routers A, B, C and D: We mark the current time (or","title":"Distance-vector routing protocol"},{"docid":"539725","text":"be summarized before injecting them into the totally stubby area. In general, the ASBR should not advertise default into the TSA-NSSA, although this can work with extremely careful design and operation, for the limited special cases in which such an advertisement makes sense. By declaring the totally stubby area as NSSA, no external routes from the backbone, except the default route, enter the area being discussed. The externals do reach area 0.0.0.0 via the TSA-NSSA, but no routes other than the default route enter the TSA-NSSA. Routers in the TSA-NSSA send all traffic to the ABR, except to routes advertised","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"6056217","text":"node is still present. This issue is present to some extent in all link state protocols, because the link state database may still contain an announcement from a failed node. However, protocols like OSPF will propagate a link state update from the failed nodes neighbors, and thus all nodes will learn quickly of the failed node's demise (or disconnection). With HSLS, one can't disambiguate between a node that is still present 10 hops away and a failed node until former neighbors send long-distance announcements. Thus, HSLS may fail in some circumstances requiring high assurance. While the papers describing HSLS do","title":"Hazy Sighted Link State Routing Protocol"},{"docid":"3735851","text":"association\" (HNA) messages are used by OLSR to disseminate network route advertisements in the same way TC messages advertise host routes. The problem of routing in ad hoc wireless networks is actively being researched, and OLSR is but one of several proposed solutions. To many, it is not clear whether a whole new protocol is needed, or whether OSPF could be extended with support for wireless interfaces. In bandwidth- and power-starved environments, it is interesting to keep the network silent when there is no traffic to be routed. Reactive routing protocols do not maintain routes, but build them on demand.","title":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol"},{"docid":"7723691","text":"instead. When the first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924, all of legislative Route 20 west of Rochester became part of NY 3. NY 3 remained on what is now NY 31 between Middleport and Medina until the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York when it was realigned between the two villages to use what is now NY 31E. U.S. Route 104 was assigned to all of Ridge Road , replacing then-NY 31 west of Rochester. As a result, NY 31 was shifted southward onto most of NY 3 from Niagara Falls to","title":"New York State Route 31E"},{"docid":"6150133","text":"defined in OSPF are as follows: The opaque LSAs, types 9, 10, and 11, are designated for upgrades to OSPF for application-specific purposes. For example, OSPF-TE has traffic engineering extensions to be used by RSVP-TE in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). Opaque LSAs are used to flood link color and bandwidth information. Standard link-state database (LSDB) flooding mechanisms are used for distribution of opaque LSAs. Each of the three types has a different flooding scope. For all types of LSAs, there are 20-byte LSA headers. One of the fields of the LSA header is the link-state ID. Each router link is","title":"Link-state advertisement"},{"docid":"620796","text":"A multiplier, called variance, is used to determine which paths to include into load balancing. The variance is set to 1 by default, which means load balancing on equal cost paths. The maximum variance is 128. The minimum metric of a route is multiplied by the variance value. Each path with a metric that is smaller than the result is used in load balancing. With the functionality of the Unequal Path Cost Load Balancing on EIGRP, OSPF protocol is unable to design the network by Unequal Path Cost Load Balancing. Regarding the Unequal Path Cost Load Balancing function on industry","title":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol"},{"docid":"348050","text":"example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet. The routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common –","title":"Router (computing)"},{"docid":"539705","text":"Open Shortest Path First Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 (2008). OSPF supports the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) addressing model. OSPF is a widely used IGP in large enterprise networks. IS-IS, another LSR-based protocol, is more common in large service provider","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"9388971","text":"B, and B believes that C is reachable through A. In a simple reachability protocol, such as EGP, the routing loop will persist forever. In a naive distance vector protocol, such as the routing information protocol, the loop will persist until the metrics for C reach \"infinity\" (the maximum number of routers that a packet can traverse in RIP is 15. The value 16 is considered infinity and the packet is discarded). In a link-state routing protocol, such as OSPF or IS-IS, a routing loop disappears as soon as the new network topology is flooded to all the routers within","title":"Routing loop problem"},{"docid":"7649539","text":"over NY 12 with no access between the two. The connection is made a short distance to the southeast via McAlpine and Cherry Streets, which NY 12D follows to terminate at NY 12. In 1908, the New York State Legislature created Route 27, an unsigned legislative route that initially extended from Forestport to Alexandria Bay via Boonville, Lowville, and Watertown. From Boonville to Lowville, Route 27 utilized what is now NY 12D and NY 26. When the first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924, the segment of legislative Route 27 between Boonville and Lowville via","title":"New York State Route 12D"},{"docid":"620784","text":"EIGRP-enabled router outside the autonomous system has a default administrative distance of 170. EIGRP does not operate using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). This means that EIGRP does not use a port number to identify traffic. Rather, EIGRP is designed to work on top of layer 3 (i.e. the IP protocol). Since EIGRP does not use TCP for communication, it implements Cisco's Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) to ensure that EIGRP router updates are delivered to all neighbors completely. The reliable transport protocol also contains other mechanisms to maximize efficiency and support multicasting. EIGRP uses","title":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol"},{"docid":"9366842","text":"assigned by a TTC rating system share similar stressed PDs. Credit default swap-implied (CDS-implied) probabilities of default are based upon the market prices of credit default swaps. Like equity prices, their prices contain all information available to the market as a whole. As such, the probability of default can be inferred by the price. CDS provide risk-neutral probabilities of default, which may overestimate the real world probability of default unless risk premiums are somehow taking into account. One option is to use CDS implied PD's in conjunction with EDF (Expected Default Frequency) credit measures. There are alternative approaches for deriving","title":"Probability of default"},{"docid":"539733","text":"removed from the link-state advertisements and from the \"hello\" discovery packet making OSPFv3 essentially protocol-independent. Despite the expanded IP addressing to 128-bits in IPv6, area and router identifications are still based on 32-bit numbers. OSPF-TE is an extension to OSPF extending the expressivity to allow for traffic engineering and use on non-IP networks. Using OSPF-TE, more information about the topology can be exchanged using opaque LSA carrying type-length-value elements. These extensions allow OSPF-TE to run completely out of band of the data plane network. This means that it can also be used on non-IP networks, such as optical networks. OSPF-TE","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"7396085","text":"For this type of verb, the potential object is usually semantically limited and therefore can be inferred from the verb at a default value . For instance, for (4a), the listener/reader automatically assumes that John ate \"something.\" What necessitates the object in (4c) is the distinction from the default meaning achieved by specifying what John ate . As a result, this type of verbs can be treated the same as transitive verbs. The theta-roles of \"agent\" and \"theme\" can be assigned: In summary, by assigning the correct theta-roles, theta-criterion is able to tell the real intransitive verbs, such as \"arrive\"","title":"Theta criterion"},{"docid":"7007337","text":"in cyclic sequence numbering schemes, and was used in OSPF version 1 for this reason. Later work showed that this was not the case, like in the ARPANET sequence bug, and OSPF version 2 replaced it with a linear numbering space, with special rules for what happens when the sequence numbers reach the end of the numbering space. Lollipop sequence numbering Lollipop sequence numbering is a numbering scheme used in routing protocols. In this numbering scheme, sequence numbers start at a negative value, increase until they reach zero, then cycle through a finite set of positive numbers indefinitely. When a","title":"Lollipop sequence numbering"},{"docid":"12925640","text":"NY 9M was assigned to what had been designated as legislative Route 22-c from 1913 to 1921. It lasted for less than a decade as it was removed . Its former routing is now maintained by Warren County as part of three county routes, namely County Route 55 (CR 55), CR 62, and County Route 64. NY 9M began at an intersection with NY 8 (now CR 53) north of the hamlet of Starbuckville in the town of Horicon. The route followed Valentine Pond Road north for a negligible distance, then progressed westward along the eastern bank of the Schroon","title":"New York State Route 9M"},{"docid":"539731","text":"exchanging DD, Request, and Update. OSPF uses \"path cost\" as its basic routing metric, which was defined by the standard not to equate to any standard value such as speed, so the network designer could pick a metric important to the design. In practice, it is determined by the speed (bandwidth) of the interface addressing the given route, although that tends to need network-specific scaling factors now that links faster than 25 Mbit/s are common. Cisco uses a metric like 10/bandwidth (the reference value, 10 by default, can be adjusted). So, a 100Mbit/s link will have a cost of 1,","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"515472","text":"operate with IPv6 networks, the OSPF protocol was rewritten in OSPF v3 (as specified in RFC 2740). Both OSPF and IS-IS routers build a topological representation of the network. This map indicates the subnets which each IS-IS router can reach, and the lowest-cost (shortest) path to a subnet is used to forward traffic. IS-IS differs from OSPF in the way that \"areas\" are defined and routed between. IS-IS routers are designated as being: Level 1 (intra-area); Level 2 (inter area); or Level 1–2 (both). Routing information is exchanged between Level 1 routers and other Level 1 routers of the same","title":"IS-IS"},{"docid":"20186365","text":"default credentials for their NetGear switch. Default Credential vulnerability A Default Credential vulnerability is a type of vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect the devices like modems, routers, digital cameras, and other devices having some pre-set (default) administrative credentials to access all configuration settings. The vendor or manufacturer of such devices uses a single pre-defined set of admin credentials to access the device configurations, and any potential hacker can misuse this fact to hack such devices, if those credentials are not changed by the consumers. There are several Proof-of-Concept (POC), as well as real world worms running across","title":"Default Credential vulnerability"},{"docid":"515474","text":"of a single area. IS-IS also does not require Area 0 (Area Zero) to be the backbone area through which all inter-area traffic must pass. The logical view is that OSPF creates something of a spider web or star topology of many areas all attached directly to Area Zero and IS-IS by contrast creates a logical topology of a backbone of Level 2 routers with branches of Level 1–2 and Level 1 routers forming the individual areas. IS-IS also differs from OSPF in the methods by which it reliably floods topology and topology change information through the network. However, the","title":"IS-IS"},{"docid":"12218597","text":"typed at a terminal:- Enterprise-level Cisco routers are configurable using the Cisco IOS command line, rather than a web management interface. The commands to add a static route are as follows: Network configurations are not restricted to a single static route per destination: Static routes can also be added by specifying the exit interface rather than the \"next hop\" IP address of the router. codice_1 The administrative distance can be manually (re)configured so that the static route can be configured as a backup route, to be used only if the dynamic route is unavailable. codice_2 Setting the administrative distance to","title":"Static routing"},{"docid":"539738","text":"than 850 routers. There is mention of an OSPF network with over 1000 routers, but that is quite uncommon and the network must be specifically designed to minimize overhead to achieve stable operation. Open Shortest Path First Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"6438376","text":"Default-free zone In the context of Internet routing, the default-free zone (DFZ) refers to the collection of all Internet autonomous systems (AS) that do not require a default route to route a packet to any destination. Conceptually, DFZ routers have a \"complete\" BGP table, sometimes referred to as the Internet routing table, global routing table or global BGP table. However, internet routing changing rapidly and the widespread use of route filtering ensures that no router has a complete view of all routes. Any routing table created would look different from the perspective of different routers, even if a stable view","title":"Default-free zone"},{"docid":"9522054","text":"in early 2004. The PowerConnect 6024F was a 24 port, layer 3, all-Gigabit, fiber-optimized switch. It had 24 SFP ports, eight of which doubled as copper ports. This switch was capable of routing, with static routes, Routing Information Protocol (RIP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). It was replaced by the PowerConnect 6224/6248 models. The 6224 and 6248 switch was introduced in early 2007 as the logical follow-up of the 6024 switch. It had 24 (6224) or 48 (6248) Gigabit Ethernet ports and two sockets for 10 Gigabit Ethernet modules (with two ports per module) or stacking. Many of the","title":"Dell PowerConnect"},{"docid":"539706","text":"networks. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) was designed as an interior gateway protocol (IGP), for use in an autonomous system such as a local area network (LAN). It implements Dijkstra's algorithm, also known as the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm. As a link-state routing protocol it was based on the link-state algorithm developed for the ARPANET in 1980 and the IS-IS routing protocol. OSPF was first standardised in 1989 as RFC 1131, which is now known as OSPF version 1. The development work for OSPF prior to its codification as open standard was undertaken largely by the Digital Equipment Corporation,","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"4770987","text":"cluster members. The cluster heads create a backbone; the cluster members use the services of this backbone to send and receive packets. The cluster heads use a link-state routing algorithm to maintain the integrity of their backbone and to track the locations of cluster members. The NTDR routers also use a variant of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) that is called Radio-OSPF (ROSPF). ROSPF does not use the OSPF hello protocol for link discovery, etc. Instead, OSPF adjacencies are created and destroyed as a function of MANET information that is distributed by the NTDR routers, both cluster heads and cluster","title":"Near-term digital radio"},{"docid":"539714","text":"Designated Router\" (BDR) which act as a hub to reduce traffic between routers. OSPF uses both unicast and multicast transmission modes to send \"Hello\" packets and link state updates. As a link state routing protocol, OSPF establishes and maintains neighbor relationships for exchanging routing updates with other routers. The neighbor relationship table is called an \"adjacency database\". Two OSPF routers are neighbors if they are members of the same subnet and share the same area ID, subnet mask, timers and authentication. In essence, OSPF neighborship is a relationship between two routers that allow them to see and understand each other","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"620783","text":"which would otherwise result in routing loops in discontiguous networks. EIGRP is a distance vector routing protocol that uses the diffusing update algorithm (DUAL) (based on work from SRI International) to improve the efficiency of the protocol and to help prevent calculation errors when attempting to determine the best path to a remote network. EIGRP determines the value of the path using five metrics: bandwidth, load, delay, reliability and MTU. EIGRP routing information exchanged to a router from another router within the same autonomous system has a default administrative distance of 90. EIGRP routing information that has come from an","title":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol"},{"docid":"2729428","text":"most of the communities from its previous historic limits, a few municipalities were merged with bordering entities: St-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Sainte-Catherine-de-Portneuf, Notre-Dame-de-Montauban, Quebec. Those municipalities yet remained within the Electoral Federal Riding of Portneuf District \"(all but Notre-Dame-de-Mautauban).\" The administrative county seat remained in Cap-Santé while moving from the County Corporation building to a newly built one located further east on 185, Route 138 at a slight distance from the historic village of Cap-Santé. There are 21 subdivisions within the RCM: Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border: <br>","title":"Portneuf Regional County Municipality"},{"docid":"505530","text":"memory, for storing BGP advertised routes. On impacted routers, the TCAM is default allocated to 512k entries for IPv4 routes, and 512k entries for IPv6 routes. While the reported number of IPv6 advertised routes was only about 20k, the number of advertised IPv4 routes reached the default limit, causing a spillover effect as routers attempted to compensate for the issue by using slow software routing (as opposed to fast hardware routing via TCAM). The main method for dealing with this issue involves operators changing the TCAM allocation to allow more IPv4 entries, by reallocating some of the TCAM reserved for","title":"Border Gateway Protocol"},{"docid":"20186363","text":"Default Credential vulnerability A Default Credential vulnerability is a type of vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect the devices like modems, routers, digital cameras, and other devices having some pre-set (default) administrative credentials to access all configuration settings. The vendor or manufacturer of such devices uses a single pre-defined set of admin credentials to access the device configurations, and any potential hacker can misuse this fact to hack such devices, if those credentials are not changed by the consumers. There are several Proof-of-Concept (POC), as well as real world worms running across internet, which are configured to search","title":"Default Credential vulnerability"},{"docid":"15342036","text":"of freeways that forms the transportation backbone of the U.S., with millions of Americans relying on it for commutes, long-distance travel, and freight transport daily. Interstate highways are all constructed to precise standards, designed to maximize high-speed travel safety and efficiency. Interstate Highways also contain auxiliary routes, which are normally assigned a three-digit route number. All Interstate Highways are part of the National Highway System, a network of highways deemed essential to the defense, economy, and mobility of the country. The United States Numbered Highway System is an older system consisting mostly of surface-level trunk roads, coordinated by the American","title":"Numbered highways in the United States"},{"docid":"4013519","text":"and default gateway; router 3 does the same; router 1 manages all routes within the internal networks. Accessing internal resources If PC2 (172.16.1.100) needs to access PC3 (192.168.1.100), since PC2 has no route to 192.168.1.100 it will send packets for PC3 to its default gateway (router2). Router2 also has no route to PC3, and it will forward the packets to its default gateway (router1). Router1 has a route for this network (192.168.1.0/24) so router1 will forward the packets to router3, which will deliver the packets to PC3; reply packets will follow the same route to PC2. Accessing external resources If","title":"Default gateway"},{"docid":"7037108","text":"OpenOSPF include being secure (non-exploitable), reliable, lean and easy to use. The configuration language is intended to be both powerful and easy enough for most users. OpenOSPFD OpenOSPFD is an ISC licensed implementation of the Open Shortest Path First Protocol. It is a network routing software suite which allows ordinary general purpose computers to be used as routers exchanging routes with other computer systems speaking the OSPF protocol. OpenOSPFD was developed by Esben Nørby and Claudio Jeker, for the OpenBSD project. It is a companion daemon of OpenBGPD. The software was developed as an alternative to packages such as Quagga,","title":"OpenOSPFD"},{"docid":"7037107","text":"OpenOSPFD OpenOSPFD is an ISC licensed implementation of the Open Shortest Path First Protocol. It is a network routing software suite which allows ordinary general purpose computers to be used as routers exchanging routes with other computer systems speaking the OSPF protocol. OpenOSPFD was developed by Esben Nørby and Claudio Jeker, for the OpenBSD project. It is a companion daemon of OpenBGPD. The software was developed as an alternative to packages such as Quagga, a routing software suite which is licensed under the GPL. OpenOSPFD is developed on OpenBSD, and ports exist for FreeBSD and NetBSD. The design goals of","title":"OpenOSPFD"},{"docid":"15654271","text":"Route 10 (Uruguay) Route 10 is a national route of Uruguay. In 1983, it was assigned the name Juan Díaz de Solís, honouring the Spanish navigator. The distance notation along Route 10 uses the same Kilometre Zero reference as Routes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and IB, which is the Pillar of Peace of Plaza de Cagancha in the Centro of Montevideo. Aguas Dulces is at km 277 of Route 10. There are three parts that constitute Route 10, all of them close to the coastline. Their total length amounts to about . A less mentioned part starts","title":"Route 10 (Uruguay)"},{"docid":"8253809","text":"there were 1 digit exchange number (usually \"2\") with some 2 digit exchange numbers so some phone numbers like 0347-61-XXXX, 0443-2-XXXX or 0525-40-XXXX existed. (now 031-761-XXXX, 043-652-XXXX and 055-340-XXXX) Before June 2000, South Korea used 2 to 4 digit area codes. It is not necessary to dial any carrier prefix before making a domestic long-distance call. These prefixes are needed only when you want to choose a different carrier other than your default long-distance carrier (usually the same company that provides your phoneline). Telephone numbers in South Korea Telephone numbers in South Korea are organized and assigned using the following","title":"Telephone numbers in South Korea"},{"docid":"3702852","text":"Default (computer science) A default, in computer science, refers to the preexisting value of a user-configurable setting that is assigned to a software application, computer program or device. Such settings are also called presets or factory presets, especially for electronic devices. The Oxford English Dictionary dates this usage to the mid-1960s, as a variant of the older meaning of \"failure in performance\". Default values are standard values that are universal to all instances of the device or model and intended to make the device as accessible as possible \"out of the box\" without necessitating a lengthy configuration process prior to","title":"Default (computer science)"},{"docid":"3702859","text":"not have been a major problem, because they could easily replace it, but for a customer, losing the operating system—and several months' work—could be catastrophic. Default (computer science) A default, in computer science, refers to the preexisting value of a user-configurable setting that is assigned to a software application, computer program or device. Such settings are also called presets or factory presets, especially for electronic devices. The Oxford English Dictionary dates this usage to the mid-1960s, as a variant of the older meaning of \"failure in performance\". Default values are standard values that are universal to all instances of the","title":"Default (computer science)"},{"docid":"6713727","text":"routes in New York State, paralleling two similarly lengthy routes, NY 104 to the north and NY 5 to the south, as well as the Erie Canal, as it proceeds east. Much of NY 31 west of Jordan was originally designated as part of a legislative route from the late 1900s to the early 1920s. NY 31 itself was assigned in the mid-1920s, utilizing all of legislative Route 30 (modern NY 31, NY 429, and NY 104) west of Rochester and much of its current alignment from Rochester to Lenox. At Lenox, NY 31 turned southeast to follow what is","title":"New York State Route 31"},{"docid":"5226995","text":"with Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and IS-IS protocols has also been outlined in RFC 5881. To configure bfd on router Router(config)#router ospf 1 Router(config)#bfd all-interfaces Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a network protocol used to detect faults between two forwarding engines connected by a link. It provides low-overhead detection of faults even on physical media that doesn't support failure detection of any kind, such as Ethernet, virtual circuits, tunnels and MPLS Label Switched Paths. BFD establishes a session between two endpoints over a particular link. If more than one link exists between two systems, multiple BFD","title":"Bidirectional Forwarding Detection"},{"docid":"12217606","text":"Balti jaam Baltic Station () is the main railway station in Tallinn, Estonia. All local commuter, long distance and international trains depart from the station. The station has seven platforms, of which two are situated apart from the rest and serve either international Tallinn–Moscow and Tallinn–Saint Petersburg routes performed by GoRail, or Elron's long distance routes to Pärnu or Viljandi. Platforms closer to the station building are mostly used by the commuter trains or long distance routes to Tartu or Narva. The Balti jaam stands close to a market called (\"station market\"). Balti jaam is situated northwest of the historic","title":"Balti jaam"},{"docid":"515475","text":"basic concepts are similar. OSPF has a larger set of extensions and optional features specified in the protocol standards. However IS-IS is easier to expand: its use of type-length-value (TLV) data allows engineers to implement support for new techniques without redesigning the protocol. For example, in order to support IPv6, the IS-IS protocol was extended to support a few additional TLVs, whereas OSPF required a new protocol draft (OSPFv3). In addition to that, IS-IS is less \"chatty\" and can scale to support larger networks. Given the same set of resources, IS-IS can support more routers in an area than OSPF.","title":"IS-IS"},{"docid":"3735846","text":"message for the link sensing, neighbor detection and MPR selection processes. Being a proactive protocol, routes to all destinations within the network are known and maintained before use. Having the routes available within the standard routing table can be useful for some systems and network applications as there is no route discovery delay associated with finding a new route. The routing overhead generated, while generally greater than that of a reactive protocol, does not increase with the number of routes being created. Default and network routes can be injected into the system by HNA messages allowing for connection to the","title":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol"},{"docid":"539720","text":"(ASBR) is historic, in the sense that many OSPF domains can coexist in the same Internet-visible autonomous system, RFC 1996. The backbone area is responsible for distributing routing information between nonbackbone areas. The backbone must be contiguous, but it does not need to be physically contiguous; backbone connectivity can be established and maintained through the configuration of virtual links. All OSPF areas must connect to the backbone area. This connection, however, can be through a virtual link. For example, assume area 0.0.0.1 has a physical connection to area 0.0.0.0. Further assume that area 0.0.0.2 has no direct connection to the","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"14490049","text":"the War department officially purchased Park Field, and a small caretaker unit was assigned to the facility for administrative reasons. At that time the airfield began pioneering airmail routes throughout Tennessee and the surrounding states. However, the airfield continued to decline until it was little more than a storage area for aircraft and parts. By 1921, the decision had been made to phase down all activities at the base in accordance with sharply reduced military budgets. and the War Department had ordered the small caretaker force at Park Field to dismantle all remaining structures and to sell them as surplus.","title":"Naval Support Activity Mid-South"},{"docid":"3779267","text":"next reboot. It is, however, possible to disable administrative shares. Disabling administrative shares is not without caveats. Previous Versions for local files, a feature of Windows Vista and Windows 7, requires administrative shares to operate. Windows XP implements \"simple file sharing\" (also known as \"ForceGuest\"), a feature that can be enabled on computers that are not part of a Windows domain. When enabled, it authenticates all incoming access requests to network shares as \"Guest\", a user account with very limited access rights in Windows. This effectively disables access to administrative shares. By default, Windows Vista and later use User Account","title":"Administrative share"},{"docid":"6713758","text":"of Route 20 between Fairport and Macedon was reconfigured to utilize what is now NY 250 and NY 31. The first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924. At this time, all of legislative Route 20 west of Rochester became part of NY 3, a cross-state route that began in North Tonawanda and ended in Plattsburgh. By 1926, NY 31 was assigned to an alignment extending from Niagara Falls to Oneida. The route began at NY 34 (now NY 104) in Niagara Falls and followed College Avenue east to the city line, from where it continued","title":"New York State Route 31"},{"docid":"12277555","text":"but may be data for an Internet Layer (e.g., ICMPv6) or Link Layer (e.g., OSPF) instead. IP header An IP header is header information at the beginning of an IP packet which contains information about IP version, source IP address, destination IP address, time-to-live, etc. Two different versions of IP are used in practice today: IPv4 and IPv6. The IPv6 header uses IPv6 addresses and thus offers a much bigger address space, but is not backwards compatible with IPv4. IPv4 is the fourth version in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP), and routes most traffic on the Internet. The","title":"IP header"},{"docid":"18817752","text":"west, Russell Road to the east, and St. Laurent Boulevard to the south. The shopping centre has approximately 60 shops and services including Dollar Plus, LCBO, Loblaws, Rexall Pharma Plus, Royal Bank, The Beer Store, and the Ottawa Public Library. The shopping centre is adjacent to the Elmvale Transit Station. The size of the total complex is 147,332 square feet. The shopping centre is currently owned by Rio-Can Real Estate Investment Trust. The following routes serve Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre:<br> Frequent Routes: 86 106 114<br> Local Routes: 112 148 149 http://www.riocan.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/21321.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre is","title":"Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre"},{"docid":"3803631","text":"trains: New South Wales government-controlled NSW TrainLink operates ten long-distance routes. All routes originate from Sydney: V/Line, a nonprofit organisation marginally under the control of the Victoria government, operates both regional and long distance services along the Victorian regional network. Eight services in the long distance category, all of which operate from Melbourne, are available: Queensland Rail, a state entity, operates several passenger lines under its Traveltrain subsidiary. Six routes target the domestic market: An additional three Queensland Rail routes are aimed at providing tourist services. These services are operated under contract: The Public Transport Authority, a government agency of","title":"Rail transport in Australia"},{"docid":"12217608","text":"In 2005, the station building was completely renewed and Hotel Shnelli and the headquarters of Estonian Railways () were completed nearby. Balti jaam Baltic Station () is the main railway station in Tallinn, Estonia. All local commuter, long distance and international trains depart from the station. The station has seven platforms, of which two are situated apart from the rest and serve either international Tallinn–Moscow and Tallinn–Saint Petersburg routes performed by GoRail, or Elron's long distance routes to Pärnu or Viljandi. Platforms closer to the station building are mostly used by the commuter trains or long distance routes to Tartu","title":"Balti jaam"},{"docid":"1915315","text":"leaves an audit trail of who has used the command and what administrative operations they performed. Some OSes, such as macOS and some Linux distributions (most notably Ubuntu), automatically give the initial user created the ability to run as root via \"sudo\" – but configure this to ask them for their password before doing administrative actions. In some cases the actual root account is disabled by default, so it can't be directly used. In mobile platform-oriented OSs such as Apple iOS and Android, superuser access is inaccessible by design, but generally the security system can be exploited in order to","title":"Superuser"},{"docid":"8247694","text":"museum trains and occasional freight trains. A network of hiking paths and cycling routes, integrated into long-distance routes is maintained by local associations. Otto Rühle (1874-1943) born in Siebenlehn. Formost radical Marxist Associated with Rosa Luxemburg and Alfredd Ardler. Großschirma Großschirma is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated 7 km northwest of Freiberg. It was formed from the administrative union of the village of Großschirma and the town of Siebenlehn, including their districts, on 1 September 2003. The eponymous village Großschirma was founded in the middle of the 12th","title":"Großschirma"},{"docid":"10218689","text":"with SMLT or DSMLT triangles, squares, and SMLT or DSMLT full mesh topologies, with routing enabled on the core VLANs. R-SMLT takes care of packet forwarding in core router failures and works with any of the following protocol types: IP Unicast Static Routes, RIP1, RIP2, OSPF, BGP and IPX RIP. R-SMLT is supported on Avaya's Ethernet Routing Switch ERS 8600, ERS 8800, VSP9000, ERS 8300 and MERS 8600 products. Distributed Multi-Link Trunking (DMLT) or Distributed MLT is a proprietary computer networking protocol designed by Nortel Networks, and now owned by extreme networks, used to load balance the network traffic across","title":"Multi-link trunking"},{"docid":"539717","text":"transitions through a maximum of eight conditions defined by a state machine: Unlike other routing protocols, OSPF does not carry data via a transport protocol, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Instead, OSPF forms IP datagrams directly, packaging them using protocol number 89 for the IP Protocol field. OSPF defines five different message types, for various types of communication: An OSPF network can be divided into \"areas\" that are logical groupings of hosts and networks. An area includes its connecting router having interfaces connected to the network. Each area maintains a separate link","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"3566844","text":"condor flies because the precondition is true and the justification is not inconsistent with what is currently known. On the contrary, does not allow concluding : even if the precondition of the default is true, the justification is inconsistent with what is known. From this background theory and this default, cannot be concluded because the default rule only allows deriving A common default assumption is that what is not known to be true is believed to be false. This is known as the Closed World Assumption, and is formalized in default logic using a default like the following one for","title":"Default logic"},{"docid":"10378971","text":"were assigned to cardinal north-south routes and even numbers to east-west routes as in the federal U.S. and Interstate highway systems; this practice is consistently adhered to in primary routes (lower numbers), but anomalies have occurred in the four-digit numbers. Prior to 1955 the numbering pattern was essentially the obverse, meaning that almost all the numbers changed in 1955. The 1955 route redesignations took effect on June 30 of 1955. 3xxx designations were given to all new post-1955 SRs, and were the only new type designations, until around the year 2000 when 12xx designations began to be assigned to new","title":"1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering"},{"docid":"7731916","text":"Bird Internet routing daemon BIRD is an open-source implementation for routing Internet Protocol packets on Unix-like operating systems. It was developed as a school project at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, and is distributed under the GNU General Public License. BIRD supports Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6 by running separate daemons. It establishes multiple routing tables, and uses BGP, RIP, and OSPF routing protocols, as well as statically defined routes. Its design differs significantly from GNU Zebra and Quagga. Currently BIRD is included in many Linux distributions, such as Debian, Ubuntu and Fedora. BIRD","title":"Bird Internet routing daemon"},{"docid":"7829747","text":"a difference between the long-distance \"Grandes Lignes\", high-speed shuttle trains between Rabat and Casablanca, Urban transport in the Casablanca region and the \"train by road\" via daughter-company Supratours On the mainline (Grand Lignes) several trains are operated per day. In the first class all chairs are assigned seats. On three main routes the ONCF operate special night trains with either full beds in private rooms of couchettes. On the Oujda-Casablanca route they run a \"hotel train\" which only offeres beds and couchettes, no seats. These \"Voyage de Nuit\" is available on: And on the route Tangier-Nador vv there is no","title":"ONCF"},{"docid":"5637421","text":"National secondary road A national secondary road () is a category of road in Ireland. These roads form an important part of the national route network, but are secondary to the main arterial routes which are classified as national primary roads. National secondary roads are designated with route numbers higher than those used for primary roads, but with the same \"N\" prefix. Routes N51 and higher are all national secondary roads. National secondary roads have a default speed limit of 100 km/h (62.5 mph), as along with national primary routes, they fall into the speed limit category of \"national roads\".","title":"National secondary road"},{"docid":"8582930","text":"part of some routing protocols, including OSPF, DVMRP, and those used in wireless ad hoc networks. This type of protocol combines the advantages of \"proactive\" and \"reactive routing\". The routing is initially established with some proactively prospected routes and then serves the demand from additionally activated nodes through reactive flooding. The choice of one or the other method requires predetermination for typical cases. The main disadvantages of such algorithms are: Example: Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Position-based routing methods use information on the exact locations of the nodes. This information is obtained for example via a GPS receiver. Based on the","title":"Wireless ad hoc network"},{"docid":"515468","text":"ISO standard, causing confusion. IS-IS has been called \"the \"de facto\" standard for large service provider network backbones.\" IS-IS is an interior gateway protocol, designed for use within an administrative domain or network. This is in contrast to exterior gateway protocols, primarily Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is used for routing between autonomous systems (RFC 1930). IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol, operating by reliably flooding link state information throughout a network of routers. Each IS-IS router independently builds a database of the network's topology, aggregating the flooded network information. Like the OSPF protocol, IS-IS uses Dijkstra's algorithm for computing","title":"IS-IS"},{"docid":"6020713","text":"to change routes used by the peer, in order to facilitate eavesdropping, black holing, or traffic analysis. By default EBGP peers will attempt to add all routes received by another peer into the device's routing table and will then attempt to advertise nearly all of these routes to other EBGP peers. This can be a problem as multi-homed organizations can inadvertently advertise prefixes learned from one AS to another, causing the end customer to become the new, best-path to the prefixes in question. For example, a customer with a Cisco router peering with say AT&T and Verizon and using no","title":"BGP hijacking"},{"docid":"539715","text":"but nothing more. OSPF neighbors do not exchange any routing information – the only packets they exchange are Hello packets. OSPF adjacencies are formed between selected neighbors and allow them to exchange routing information. Two routers must first be neighbors and only then, can they become adjacent. Two routers become adjacent if at least one of them is Designated Router or Backup Designated Router (on multiaccess type networks), or they are interconnected by a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint network type. For forming a neighbor relationship between, the interfaces used to form the relationship must be in the same OSPF area. While","title":"Open Shortest Path First"},{"docid":"4857445","text":"degree power is necessary to fully administer a UNIX system, but it also allows its user to make a mistake and cause system problems. Unprivileged users usually cannot: On Windows NT-based systems, privileges are delegated in varying degrees. These delegations can be defined using the Local Security Policy Manager (SECPOL.MSC). The following is an abbreviated list of the default assignments: Windows defines a number of administrative privileges that can be assigned individually to users and/or groups. An account (user) holds only the privileges granted to it, either directly or indirectly through group memberships. Upon installation a number of groups and","title":"Privilege (computing)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322058\",\n \"text\": \"in preference to OSPF. codice_1 Manually configuring the administrative distance is also required when configuring a floating static route. Floating static routes are used to provide an alternate path when a primary link fails. In order for static routes to be configured as a backup, the static route's administrative distance would need to be adjusted. Otherwise, it will take precedence over all routing protocols and routes issued from a routing protocol will not be inserted into the routing table. The example below shows how to configure the administrative distance to 254 to specify that it should only be used as\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322053\",\n \"text\": \"Administrative distance Administrative distance (AD) or route preference is a number of arbitrary unit assigned to dynamic routes, static routes and directly-connected routes. The value is used by vendor-specific routers to rank routes from most preferred (low administrative distance value) to least preferred (high administrative distance value). When multiple paths to the same destination are available in its routing table, the router uses the route with the lowest administrative distance. Router vendors typically design their routers to assign a default administrative distance to each kind of route that is used, however, this value can usually be adjusted manually by a\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322060\",\n \"text\": \"installed into the routing table. codice_3 The \\\"do show ip route\\\" command will display the following, confirming that a static route has an administrative distance of 1. codice_4 Administrative distance Administrative distance (AD) or route preference is a number of arbitrary unit assigned to dynamic routes, static routes and directly-connected routes. The value is used by vendor-specific routers to rank routes from most preferred (low administrative distance value) to least preferred (high administrative distance value). When multiple paths to the same destination are available in its routing table, the router uses the route with the lowest administrative distance. Router vendors\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322055\",\n \"text\": \"ensure that multiple routes, pointing to the same destination do not simultaneously exist in the routing table. Each process running on a router advertises its administrative distance value to the local router. The router uses this value to determine which route should be used. Once a route has been selected, the routing information database is updated. If two routes have the same administrative distance, the router uses its vendor-specific algorithm to determine which route should be installed. Cisco routers simply ignore the values and fall back to the default values, which are never the same. The router will usually compare\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10481192\",\n \"text\": \"are not standardized among IP routers. It is fair to say that subnets on directly connected active interfaces are always preferred. Beyond that, however, there will be differences. Implementers generally have a numerical preference, which Cisco calls an \\\"administrative distance\\\", for route selection. The lower the preference, the more desirable the route. Cisco's IOS implementation makes exterior BGP the most preferred source of dynamic routing information, while Nortel RS makes intra-area OSPF most preferred. The general order of selecting routes to install is: See forwarding plane for more detail, but each implementation has its own means of updating the forwarding\",\n \"title\": \"Control plane\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1391723\",\n \"text\": \"routes are preferred or avoided. BGP is used by internet service providers (ISPs) and telecommunication companies. Among the distance-vector protocols that have been described as a hybrid, because it uses routing methods associated with link-state routing protocols, is the proprietary Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). It was developed by Cisco in the 1980s and was designed to offer better convergence and cause less network traffic between routers than the link-state routing protocol Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Another example of a distance-vector routing protocol is Babel. Compared to link-state protocols, which require a router to inform all the nodes\",\n \"title\": \"Distance-vector routing protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539709\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"state\\\" of a given route in the network is the cost, and OSPF algorithm allows every router to calculate the cost of the routes to any given reachable destination. Unless the administrator has made a configuration, the link cost of a path connected to a router is determined by the bit rate (1 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s, etc) of the interface. A router interface with OSPF will then advertise its link cost to neighbouring routers through multicast, known as the \\\"hello procedure\\\". All routers with OSPF implementation keep sending hello packets, and thus changes in the cost of their links become\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539712\",\n \"text\": \"router (ABR). An ABR maintains separate link-state databases for each area it serves and maintains summarized routes for all areas in the network. OSPF detects changes in the topology, such as link failures, and converges on a new loop-free routing structure within seconds. OSPF has become a popular dynamic routing protocol. Other commonly used dynamic routing protocols are the RIP and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Today routers support at least one interior gateway protocol to advertise their routing tables within a local area network. Frequently implemented interior gateway protocols besides OSPF are RIP, IS-IS, and the proprietary Interior Gateway\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322059\",\n \"text\": \"a last resort. codice_2 In the event that two routing protocols are configured with the same administrative distance, the Cisco router will ignore the configured values and instead use the default values. Verifying the configuration of the administrative distance is done on Cisco equipment using the \\\"show ip route\\\" command in privileged exec mode on the console of the Cisco router. In the example shown below, the administrative distance is 1. The letter \\\"S\\\" indicates that the route is a static route that has, for all intents and purposes, been added manually to the router process by the administrator and\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539737\",\n \"text\": \"into OSPF from multiple ASBRs as a Type I external route and the same external cost specified, other routers will go to the ASBR with the least path cost from its location. This can be tuned further by adjusting the external cost. In contrast, if the default route from different ISPs is injected with different external costs, as a Type II external route, the lower-cost default becomes the primary exit and the higher-cost becomes the backup only. The only real limiting factor that may compel major ISPs to select IS-IS over OSPF is if they have a network with more\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2773936\",\n \"text\": \"It is common to see static routes defined for these connections in order to avoid extra service charges. Other routing protocols such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) only send updates when a connection changes. These routing protocols are ideal for DDR and must be configured with \\\"default-information originate\\\" on a Cisco router. Dialer maps are configured on each interface to specify which numbers to dial and how long to stay on the line waiting for the receiving end to pick up. For example, if two dialer map commands on the Serial Interface\",\n \"title\": \"Dial-on-demand routing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539726\",\n \"text\": \"by the ASBR. A transit area is an area with two or more OSPF border routers and is used to pass network traffic from one adjacent area to another. The transit area does not originate this traffic and is not the destination of such traffic. OSPF defines the following overlapping categories of routers: The router type is an attribute of an OSPF process. A given physical router may have one or more OSPF processes. For example, a router that is connected to more than one area, and which receives routes from a BGP process connected to another AS, is both\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539708\",\n \"text\": \"that could calculate the \\\"fastest\\\" route to a destination. OSPF was developed so that the shortest path through a network was calculated based on the \\\"cost\\\" of the route, taking into account bandwidth, delay and load. Therefore OSPF undertakes route cost calculation on the basis of link-cost parameters, which can be weighted by the administrator. OSPF was quickly adopted because it became known for reliably calculating routes through large and complex local area networks. As a link state routing protocol, OSPF maintains link state databases, which are really network topology maps, on every router on which it is implemented. The\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4322057\",\n \"text\": \"by the local router itself. The administrative distance is not advertised on the network. The following table lists the default administrative distances for various routing protocols used on Cisco routers. The network administrator may modify the administrative distance to change the desired ranking of router protocols. This may be necessary in cases where routing redistribution has to be used, otherwise, routing loops could occur. The Cisco Internetwork Operating System enables network administrators to modify the distance by changing the distance value in sub-router configuration mode. In the example below, RIP's administrative distance is changed to 89 so that it used\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative distance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539735\",\n \"text\": \"to share information about group memberships. In broadcast multiple-access networks, neighbor adjacency is formed dynamically using multicast hello packets to 224.0.0.5. A DR and BDR are elected normally, and function normally. For non-broadcast multiple-access networks (NBMA), RFC 2328 defined the following two official modes for OSPF: Cisco has defined the following three additional modes for OSPF in NBMA topologies: OSPF is the first widely deployed routing protocol that can converge a network in a few seconds and guarantee loop-free paths. It has many features that allow the imposition of policies about the propagation of routes that it may be appropriate\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539736\",\n \"text\": \"to keep local, for load sharing, and for selective route importing more than IS-IS. IS-IS, in contrast, can be tuned for lower overhead in a stable network, the sort more common in ISP than enterprise networks. There are some historical accidents that made IS-IS the preferred IGP for ISPs, but ISPs today may well choose to use the features of the now-efficient implementations of OSPF, after first considering the pros and cons of IS-IS in service provider environments. As mentioned, OSPF can provide better load-sharing on external links than other IGPs. When the default route to an ISP is injected\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10191066\",\n \"text\": \"application developers, and sometimes users, to design their own namespaces for data exchange has several benefits: NDN routes and forwards packets based on names, which eliminates three problems caused by addresses in the IP architecture: NDN can use conventional routing algorithms such as link state and distance vector. Instead of announcing IP prefixes, an NDN router announces name prefixes that cover the data the router is willing to serve. Conventional routing protocols, such as OSPF and BGP, can be adapted to route on name prefixes by treating names as a sequence of opaque components and doing component-wise longest prefix match\",\n \"title\": \"Named data networking\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539719\",\n \"text\": \"to the area identifier \\\"0.0.0.1\\\", but some have been known to expand it as \\\"1.0.0.0\\\". OSPF defines several special area types: The backbone area (also known as \\\"area 0\\\" or \\\"area 0.0.0.0\\\") forms the core of an OSPF network. All other areas are connected to it, either directly or through other routers. Inter-area routing happens via routers connected to the backbone area and to their own associated areas. It is the logical and physical structure for the 'OSPF domain' and is attached to all nonzero areas in the OSPF domain. Note that in OSPF the term Autonomous System Boundary Router\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"348058\",\n \"text\": \"rapidly, making the manual construction of routing tables unfeasible. Nevertheless, most of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) uses pre-computed routing tables, with fallback routes if the most direct route becomes blocked (see routing in the PSTN). Dynamic routing attempts to solve this problem by constructing routing tables automatically, based on information carried by routing protocols, allowing the network to act nearly autonomously in avoiding network failures and blockages. Dynamic routing dominates the Internet. Examples of dynamic-routing protocols and algorithms include Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Distance vector algorithms\",\n \"title\": \"Routing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"505542\",\n \"text\": \"is also widely deployed in case of MPLS L3 VPN, to exchange VPN labels learned for the routes from the customer sites over the MPLS network, in order to distinguish between different customer sites when the traffic from the other customer sites comes to the Provider Edge router (PE router) for routing. BGP4 is standard for Internet routing and required of most Internet service providers (ISPs) to establish routing between one another. Very large private IP networks use BGP internally. An example is the joining of a number of large Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) networks, when OSPF by itself\",\n \"title\": \"Border Gateway Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6717566\",\n \"text\": \"shuttle routes, longer distance, rush hour express routes, and regular, intermediate length routes. Nearly all the routes are organized into a hub and spoke system centered on Downtown Harrisburg. The hub in the system is the CAT Transfer Center, located at the southeast corner of the intersection of 2nd Street and Market Street in Harrisburg's Market Square. CAT routes have either a number or letter and route name assigned to distinguish individual routes. Generally speaking, numbered routes operate in the Harrisburg \\\"East Shore\\\" area in Dauphin County, while lettered routes operate across the Susquehanna River in the Harrisburg \\\"West Shore\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Capital Area Transit (Harrisburg)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539724\",\n \"text\": \"Quagga), implement the two extensions below for stub and not-so-stubby areas. Although not covered by RFC standards, they are considered by many to be standard features in OSPF implementations. A newly acquired subsidiary is one example of where it might be suitable for an area to be simultaneously not-so-stubby and totally stubby if the practical place to put an ASBR is on the edge of a totally stubby area. In such a case, the ASBR does send externals into the totally stubby area, and they are available to OSPF speakers within that area. In Cisco's implementation, the external routes can\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11949425\",\n \"text\": \"rack-switch with 1, 10 and 40 Gbit/s ethernet interfaces is designed for use in colo center. Offers layer2 and layer3 capabilities at wire-speed for all 64 interfaces running in 10 Gbit/s. Layer3 routing protocols supported include static routes, RIP v2, OSPF and BGP-4.The switch-fabric can switch 2.28 Tbit/s and forward up to 950 million packets per second. The switch is capable of building a route-table with up to 16000 prefixes, 8000 host-entries and 4000 multicast routes and up to 4096 VLANs are supported. On top of that a high number of ingress or egress ACLs can be configured. The 3064\",\n \"title\": \"Cisco Nexus switches\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7539804\",\n \"text\": \"states (Delaware, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, and New Jersey) use the default shield on their primary systems, and all others use a custom design. Oklahoma used the default until 2006, when it changed to a state outline; however, many state routes still have the old default markers. Maryland uses the default sporadically for locally maintained sections of state-numbered highways, most often in Baltimore, but otherwise uses a different design. Virginia and West Virginia use the default for their secondary state routes but different designs for their primary state routes. There are several additional designs used in the other states and territories.\",\n \"title\": \"Highway shield\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18821964\",\n \"text\": \"New Castle County. US 113 serves as a branch of US 13 in the southern part of the state. US 9 is an exception to the numbering pattern as it runs east–west across Sussex County, though the route runs north–south in New Jersey and New York. State routes in Delaware are signed with the MUTCD default circular route marker, which consists of black numbers in a white circle on a rectangular black background. These routes are largely assigned in a pattern similar to the Interstate and U.S. routes. Odd-numbered routes generally run north-south and even-numbered routes generally run east-west. A\",\n \"title\": \"Delaware State Route System\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10481185\",\n \"text\": \"defined by such mechanisms as differentiated services. Depending on the specific router implementation, there may be a separate forwarding information base that is populated (i.e., loaded) by the control plane, but used by the forwarding plane to look up packets, at very high speed, and decide how to handle them. A major function of the control plane is deciding which routes go into the main routing table. \\\"Main\\\" refers to the table that holds the unicast routes that are active. Multicast routing may require an additional routing table for multicast routes. Several routing protocols e.g. IS-IS, OSPF and BGP maintain\",\n \"title\": \"Control plane\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15716830\",\n \"text\": \"it loses its uplink to the rest of the network. All PCM switches can be configured as pure layer-2 switches or they can be configured to do all routing: both routing between the configured VLAN's as external routing. Besides static routes the switches also support OSPF and RIP routing. When using the switch as routing switch you need to configure vlan interfaces and assign an IP address to that vlan interface: it is not possible to assign an IP address directly to a physical interface. All PowerConnect blade switches, except for the \\\"original\\\" PC-M8024, can be stacked. To stack the\",\n \"title\": \"Dell M1000e\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6438381\",\n \"text\": \"ISP itself, but also tells one customer AS which specific router has the best path to the other customer. The \\\"full routes\\\", or properly \\\"full routes plus customer routes\\\", coming to a customer router makes that customer router part of the DFZ, but certainly not part of the \\\"skitter core\\\". Default-free zone In the context of Internet routing, the default-free zone (DFZ) refers to the collection of all Internet autonomous systems (AS) that do not require a default route to route a packet to any destination. Conceptually, DFZ routers have a \\\"complete\\\" BGP table, sometimes referred to as the Internet\",\n \"title\": \"Default-free zone\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539710\",\n \"text\": \"known to neighbouring routers. The information about the cost of a link, that is the speed of a point to point connection between two routers, is then cascaded through the network because OSPF routers advertise the information they receive from one neighbouring router to all other neighbouring routers. This process of flooding link state information through the network is known as \\\"synchronisation\\\". Based on this information, all routers with OSPF implementation continuously update their link state databases with information about the network topology and adjust their routing tables. An OSPF network can be structured, or subdivided, into routing \\\"areas\\\" to\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6150132\",\n \"text\": \"Link-state advertisement The link-state advertisement (LSA) is a basic communication means of the OSPF routing protocol for the Internet Protocol (IP). It communicates the router's local routing topology to all other local routers in the same OSPF area. OSPF is designed for scalability, so some LSAs are not flooded out on all interfaces, but only on those that belong to the appropriate area. In this way detailed information can be kept localized, while summary information is flooded to the rest of the network. The original IPv4-only OSPFv2 and the newer IPv6-compatible OSPFv3 have broadly similar LSA types. The LSA types\",\n \"title\": \"Link-state advertisement\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"348068\",\n \"text\": \"routing table (sorted by priority): Because a routing metric is specific to a given routing protocol, multi-protocol routers must use some external heuristic to select between routes learned from different routing protocols. Cisco routers, for example, attribute a value known as the administrative distance to each route, where smaller administrative distances indicate routes learned from a supposedly more reliable protocol. A local network administrator, in special cases, can set up host-specific routes to a particular device that provides more control over network usage, permits testing, and better overall security. This is useful for debugging network connections or routing tables. In\",\n \"title\": \"Routing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1391727\",\n \"text\": \"cases. The addition of a \\\"hold time\\\" (refusing route updates for a few minutes after a route retraction) avoids loop formation in virtually all cases, but causes a significant increase in convergence times. More recently, a number of loop-free distance vector protocols have been developed — notable examples are EIGRP, DSDV and Babel. These avoid loop formation in all cases, but suffer from increased complexity, and their deployment has been slowed down by the success of link-state routing protocols such as OSPF. In this network we have 4 routers A, B, C and D: We mark the current time (or\",\n \"title\": \"Distance-vector routing protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539725\",\n \"text\": \"be summarized before injecting them into the totally stubby area. In general, the ASBR should not advertise default into the TSA-NSSA, although this can work with extremely careful design and operation, for the limited special cases in which such an advertisement makes sense. By declaring the totally stubby area as NSSA, no external routes from the backbone, except the default route, enter the area being discussed. The externals do reach area 0.0.0.0 via the TSA-NSSA, but no routes other than the default route enter the TSA-NSSA. Routers in the TSA-NSSA send all traffic to the ABR, except to routes advertised\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6056217\",\n \"text\": \"node is still present. This issue is present to some extent in all link state protocols, because the link state database may still contain an announcement from a failed node. However, protocols like OSPF will propagate a link state update from the failed nodes neighbors, and thus all nodes will learn quickly of the failed node's demise (or disconnection). With HSLS, one can't disambiguate between a node that is still present 10 hops away and a failed node until former neighbors send long-distance announcements. Thus, HSLS may fail in some circumstances requiring high assurance. While the papers describing HSLS do\",\n \"title\": \"Hazy Sighted Link State Routing Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3735851\",\n \"text\": \"association\\\" (HNA) messages are used by OLSR to disseminate network route advertisements in the same way TC messages advertise host routes. The problem of routing in ad hoc wireless networks is actively being researched, and OLSR is but one of several proposed solutions. To many, it is not clear whether a whole new protocol is needed, or whether OSPF could be extended with support for wireless interfaces. In bandwidth- and power-starved environments, it is interesting to keep the network silent when there is no traffic to be routed. Reactive routing protocols do not maintain routes, but build them on demand.\",\n \"title\": \"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7723691\",\n \"text\": \"instead. When the first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924, all of legislative Route 20 west of Rochester became part of NY 3. NY 3 remained on what is now NY 31 between Middleport and Medina until the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York when it was realigned between the two villages to use what is now NY 31E. U.S. Route 104 was assigned to all of Ridge Road , replacing then-NY 31 west of Rochester. As a result, NY 31 was shifted southward onto most of NY 3 from Niagara Falls to\",\n \"title\": \"New York State Route 31E\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6150133\",\n \"text\": \"defined in OSPF are as follows: The opaque LSAs, types 9, 10, and 11, are designated for upgrades to OSPF for application-specific purposes. For example, OSPF-TE has traffic engineering extensions to be used by RSVP-TE in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). Opaque LSAs are used to flood link color and bandwidth information. Standard link-state database (LSDB) flooding mechanisms are used for distribution of opaque LSAs. Each of the three types has a different flooding scope. For all types of LSAs, there are 20-byte LSA headers. One of the fields of the LSA header is the link-state ID. Each router link is\",\n \"title\": \"Link-state advertisement\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"620796\",\n \"text\": \"A multiplier, called variance, is used to determine which paths to include into load balancing. The variance is set to 1 by default, which means load balancing on equal cost paths. The maximum variance is 128. The minimum metric of a route is multiplied by the variance value. Each path with a metric that is smaller than the result is used in load balancing. With the functionality of the Unequal Path Cost Load Balancing on EIGRP, OSPF protocol is unable to design the network by Unequal Path Cost Load Balancing. Regarding the Unequal Path Cost Load Balancing function on industry\",\n \"title\": \"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"348050\",\n \"text\": \"example, quality of service (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the state information associated with individual packets. Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet. The routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a default or static routes that are configured manually, or dynamic routing protocols where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common –\",\n \"title\": \"Router (computing)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539705\",\n \"text\": \"Open Shortest Path First Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 (2008). OSPF supports the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) addressing model. OSPF is a widely used IGP in large enterprise networks. IS-IS, another LSR-based protocol, is more common in large service provider\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9388971\",\n \"text\": \"B, and B believes that C is reachable through A. In a simple reachability protocol, such as EGP, the routing loop will persist forever. In a naive distance vector protocol, such as the routing information protocol, the loop will persist until the metrics for C reach \\\"infinity\\\" (the maximum number of routers that a packet can traverse in RIP is 15. The value 16 is considered infinity and the packet is discarded). In a link-state routing protocol, such as OSPF or IS-IS, a routing loop disappears as soon as the new network topology is flooded to all the routers within\",\n \"title\": \"Routing loop problem\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7649539\",\n \"text\": \"over NY 12 with no access between the two. The connection is made a short distance to the southeast via McAlpine and Cherry Streets, which NY 12D follows to terminate at NY 12. In 1908, the New York State Legislature created Route 27, an unsigned legislative route that initially extended from Forestport to Alexandria Bay via Boonville, Lowville, and Watertown. From Boonville to Lowville, Route 27 utilized what is now NY 12D and NY 26. When the first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924, the segment of legislative Route 27 between Boonville and Lowville via\",\n \"title\": \"New York State Route 12D\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"620784\",\n \"text\": \"EIGRP-enabled router outside the autonomous system has a default administrative distance of 170. EIGRP does not operate using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). This means that EIGRP does not use a port number to identify traffic. Rather, EIGRP is designed to work on top of layer 3 (i.e. the IP protocol). Since EIGRP does not use TCP for communication, it implements Cisco's Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) to ensure that EIGRP router updates are delivered to all neighbors completely. The reliable transport protocol also contains other mechanisms to maximize efficiency and support multicasting. EIGRP uses\",\n \"title\": \"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9366842\",\n \"text\": \"assigned by a TTC rating system share similar stressed PDs. Credit default swap-implied (CDS-implied) probabilities of default are based upon the market prices of credit default swaps. Like equity prices, their prices contain all information available to the market as a whole. As such, the probability of default can be inferred by the price. CDS provide risk-neutral probabilities of default, which may overestimate the real world probability of default unless risk premiums are somehow taking into account. One option is to use CDS implied PD's in conjunction with EDF (Expected Default Frequency) credit measures. There are alternative approaches for deriving\",\n \"title\": \"Probability of default\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539733\",\n \"text\": \"removed from the link-state advertisements and from the \\\"hello\\\" discovery packet making OSPFv3 essentially protocol-independent. Despite the expanded IP addressing to 128-bits in IPv6, area and router identifications are still based on 32-bit numbers. OSPF-TE is an extension to OSPF extending the expressivity to allow for traffic engineering and use on non-IP networks. Using OSPF-TE, more information about the topology can be exchanged using opaque LSA carrying type-length-value elements. These extensions allow OSPF-TE to run completely out of band of the data plane network. This means that it can also be used on non-IP networks, such as optical networks. OSPF-TE\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7396085\",\n \"text\": \"For this type of verb, the potential object is usually semantically limited and therefore can be inferred from the verb at a default value . For instance, for (4a), the listener/reader automatically assumes that John ate \\\"something.\\\" What necessitates the object in (4c) is the distinction from the default meaning achieved by specifying what John ate . As a result, this type of verbs can be treated the same as transitive verbs. The theta-roles of \\\"agent\\\" and \\\"theme\\\" can be assigned: In summary, by assigning the correct theta-roles, theta-criterion is able to tell the real intransitive verbs, such as \\\"arrive\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Theta criterion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7007337\",\n \"text\": \"in cyclic sequence numbering schemes, and was used in OSPF version 1 for this reason. Later work showed that this was not the case, like in the ARPANET sequence bug, and OSPF version 2 replaced it with a linear numbering space, with special rules for what happens when the sequence numbers reach the end of the numbering space. Lollipop sequence numbering Lollipop sequence numbering is a numbering scheme used in routing protocols. In this numbering scheme, sequence numbers start at a negative value, increase until they reach zero, then cycle through a finite set of positive numbers indefinitely. When a\",\n \"title\": \"Lollipop sequence numbering\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12925640\",\n \"text\": \"NY 9M was assigned to what had been designated as legislative Route 22-c from 1913 to 1921. It lasted for less than a decade as it was removed . Its former routing is now maintained by Warren County as part of three county routes, namely County Route 55 (CR 55), CR 62, and County Route 64. NY 9M began at an intersection with NY 8 (now CR 53) north of the hamlet of Starbuckville in the town of Horicon. The route followed Valentine Pond Road north for a negligible distance, then progressed westward along the eastern bank of the Schroon\",\n \"title\": \"New York State Route 9M\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539731\",\n \"text\": \"exchanging DD, Request, and Update. OSPF uses \\\"path cost\\\" as its basic routing metric, which was defined by the standard not to equate to any standard value such as speed, so the network designer could pick a metric important to the design. In practice, it is determined by the speed (bandwidth) of the interface addressing the given route, although that tends to need network-specific scaling factors now that links faster than 25 Mbit/s are common. Cisco uses a metric like 10/bandwidth (the reference value, 10 by default, can be adjusted). So, a 100Mbit/s link will have a cost of 1,\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"515472\",\n \"text\": \"operate with IPv6 networks, the OSPF protocol was rewritten in OSPF v3 (as specified in RFC 2740). Both OSPF and IS-IS routers build a topological representation of the network. This map indicates the subnets which each IS-IS router can reach, and the lowest-cost (shortest) path to a subnet is used to forward traffic. IS-IS differs from OSPF in the way that \\\"areas\\\" are defined and routed between. IS-IS routers are designated as being: Level 1 (intra-area); Level 2 (inter area); or Level 1–2 (both). Routing information is exchanged between Level 1 routers and other Level 1 routers of the same\",\n \"title\": \"IS-IS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20186365\",\n \"text\": \"default credentials for their NetGear switch. Default Credential vulnerability A Default Credential vulnerability is a type of vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect the devices like modems, routers, digital cameras, and other devices having some pre-set (default) administrative credentials to access all configuration settings. The vendor or manufacturer of such devices uses a single pre-defined set of admin credentials to access the device configurations, and any potential hacker can misuse this fact to hack such devices, if those credentials are not changed by the consumers. There are several Proof-of-Concept (POC), as well as real world worms running across\",\n \"title\": \"Default Credential vulnerability\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"515474\",\n \"text\": \"of a single area. IS-IS also does not require Area 0 (Area Zero) to be the backbone area through which all inter-area traffic must pass. The logical view is that OSPF creates something of a spider web or star topology of many areas all attached directly to Area Zero and IS-IS by contrast creates a logical topology of a backbone of Level 2 routers with branches of Level 1–2 and Level 1 routers forming the individual areas. IS-IS also differs from OSPF in the methods by which it reliably floods topology and topology change information through the network. However, the\",\n \"title\": \"IS-IS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12218597\",\n \"text\": \"typed at a terminal:- Enterprise-level Cisco routers are configurable using the Cisco IOS command line, rather than a web management interface. The commands to add a static route are as follows: Network configurations are not restricted to a single static route per destination: Static routes can also be added by specifying the exit interface rather than the \\\"next hop\\\" IP address of the router. codice_1 The administrative distance can be manually (re)configured so that the static route can be configured as a backup route, to be used only if the dynamic route is unavailable. codice_2 Setting the administrative distance to\",\n \"title\": \"Static routing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539738\",\n \"text\": \"than 850 routers. There is mention of an OSPF network with over 1000 routers, but that is quite uncommon and the network must be specifically designed to minimize overhead to achieve stable operation. Open Shortest Path First Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6438376\",\n \"text\": \"Default-free zone In the context of Internet routing, the default-free zone (DFZ) refers to the collection of all Internet autonomous systems (AS) that do not require a default route to route a packet to any destination. Conceptually, DFZ routers have a \\\"complete\\\" BGP table, sometimes referred to as the Internet routing table, global routing table or global BGP table. However, internet routing changing rapidly and the widespread use of route filtering ensures that no router has a complete view of all routes. Any routing table created would look different from the perspective of different routers, even if a stable view\",\n \"title\": \"Default-free zone\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9522054\",\n \"text\": \"in early 2004. The PowerConnect 6024F was a 24 port, layer 3, all-Gigabit, fiber-optimized switch. It had 24 SFP ports, eight of which doubled as copper ports. This switch was capable of routing, with static routes, Routing Information Protocol (RIP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). It was replaced by the PowerConnect 6224/6248 models. The 6224 and 6248 switch was introduced in early 2007 as the logical follow-up of the 6024 switch. It had 24 (6224) or 48 (6248) Gigabit Ethernet ports and two sockets for 10 Gigabit Ethernet modules (with two ports per module) or stacking. Many of the\",\n \"title\": \"Dell PowerConnect\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539706\",\n \"text\": \"networks. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) was designed as an interior gateway protocol (IGP), for use in an autonomous system such as a local area network (LAN). It implements Dijkstra's algorithm, also known as the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm. As a link-state routing protocol it was based on the link-state algorithm developed for the ARPANET in 1980 and the IS-IS routing protocol. OSPF was first standardised in 1989 as RFC 1131, which is now known as OSPF version 1. The development work for OSPF prior to its codification as open standard was undertaken largely by the Digital Equipment Corporation,\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4770987\",\n \"text\": \"cluster members. The cluster heads create a backbone; the cluster members use the services of this backbone to send and receive packets. The cluster heads use a link-state routing algorithm to maintain the integrity of their backbone and to track the locations of cluster members. The NTDR routers also use a variant of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) that is called Radio-OSPF (ROSPF). ROSPF does not use the OSPF hello protocol for link discovery, etc. Instead, OSPF adjacencies are created and destroyed as a function of MANET information that is distributed by the NTDR routers, both cluster heads and cluster\",\n \"title\": \"Near-term digital radio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539714\",\n \"text\": \"Designated Router\\\" (BDR) which act as a hub to reduce traffic between routers. OSPF uses both unicast and multicast transmission modes to send \\\"Hello\\\" packets and link state updates. As a link state routing protocol, OSPF establishes and maintains neighbor relationships for exchanging routing updates with other routers. The neighbor relationship table is called an \\\"adjacency database\\\". Two OSPF routers are neighbors if they are members of the same subnet and share the same area ID, subnet mask, timers and authentication. In essence, OSPF neighborship is a relationship between two routers that allow them to see and understand each other\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"620783\",\n \"text\": \"which would otherwise result in routing loops in discontiguous networks. EIGRP is a distance vector routing protocol that uses the diffusing update algorithm (DUAL) (based on work from SRI International) to improve the efficiency of the protocol and to help prevent calculation errors when attempting to determine the best path to a remote network. EIGRP determines the value of the path using five metrics: bandwidth, load, delay, reliability and MTU. EIGRP routing information exchanged to a router from another router within the same autonomous system has a default administrative distance of 90. EIGRP routing information that has come from an\",\n \"title\": \"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2729428\",\n \"text\": \"most of the communities from its previous historic limits, a few municipalities were merged with bordering entities: St-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Sainte-Catherine-de-Portneuf, Notre-Dame-de-Montauban, Quebec. Those municipalities yet remained within the Electoral Federal Riding of Portneuf District \\\"(all but Notre-Dame-de-Mautauban).\\\" The administrative county seat remained in Cap-Santé while moving from the County Corporation building to a newly built one located further east on 185, Route 138 at a slight distance from the historic village of Cap-Santé. There are 21 subdivisions within the RCM: Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border: <br>\",\n \"title\": \"Portneuf Regional County Municipality\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"505530\",\n \"text\": \"memory, for storing BGP advertised routes. On impacted routers, the TCAM is default allocated to 512k entries for IPv4 routes, and 512k entries for IPv6 routes. While the reported number of IPv6 advertised routes was only about 20k, the number of advertised IPv4 routes reached the default limit, causing a spillover effect as routers attempted to compensate for the issue by using slow software routing (as opposed to fast hardware routing via TCAM). The main method for dealing with this issue involves operators changing the TCAM allocation to allow more IPv4 entries, by reallocating some of the TCAM reserved for\",\n \"title\": \"Border Gateway Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20186363\",\n \"text\": \"Default Credential vulnerability A Default Credential vulnerability is a type of vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect the devices like modems, routers, digital cameras, and other devices having some pre-set (default) administrative credentials to access all configuration settings. The vendor or manufacturer of such devices uses a single pre-defined set of admin credentials to access the device configurations, and any potential hacker can misuse this fact to hack such devices, if those credentials are not changed by the consumers. There are several Proof-of-Concept (POC), as well as real world worms running across internet, which are configured to search\",\n \"title\": \"Default Credential vulnerability\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15342036\",\n \"text\": \"of freeways that forms the transportation backbone of the U.S., with millions of Americans relying on it for commutes, long-distance travel, and freight transport daily. Interstate highways are all constructed to precise standards, designed to maximize high-speed travel safety and efficiency. Interstate Highways also contain auxiliary routes, which are normally assigned a three-digit route number. All Interstate Highways are part of the National Highway System, a network of highways deemed essential to the defense, economy, and mobility of the country. The United States Numbered Highway System is an older system consisting mostly of surface-level trunk roads, coordinated by the American\",\n \"title\": \"Numbered highways in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4013519\",\n \"text\": \"and default gateway; router 3 does the same; router 1 manages all routes within the internal networks. Accessing internal resources If PC2 (172.16.1.100) needs to access PC3 (192.168.1.100), since PC2 has no route to 192.168.1.100 it will send packets for PC3 to its default gateway (router2). Router2 also has no route to PC3, and it will forward the packets to its default gateway (router1). Router1 has a route for this network (192.168.1.0/24) so router1 will forward the packets to router3, which will deliver the packets to PC3; reply packets will follow the same route to PC2. Accessing external resources If\",\n \"title\": \"Default gateway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7037108\",\n \"text\": \"OpenOSPF include being secure (non-exploitable), reliable, lean and easy to use. The configuration language is intended to be both powerful and easy enough for most users. OpenOSPFD OpenOSPFD is an ISC licensed implementation of the Open Shortest Path First Protocol. It is a network routing software suite which allows ordinary general purpose computers to be used as routers exchanging routes with other computer systems speaking the OSPF protocol. OpenOSPFD was developed by Esben Nørby and Claudio Jeker, for the OpenBSD project. It is a companion daemon of OpenBGPD. The software was developed as an alternative to packages such as Quagga,\",\n \"title\": \"OpenOSPFD\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7037107\",\n \"text\": \"OpenOSPFD OpenOSPFD is an ISC licensed implementation of the Open Shortest Path First Protocol. It is a network routing software suite which allows ordinary general purpose computers to be used as routers exchanging routes with other computer systems speaking the OSPF protocol. OpenOSPFD was developed by Esben Nørby and Claudio Jeker, for the OpenBSD project. It is a companion daemon of OpenBGPD. The software was developed as an alternative to packages such as Quagga, a routing software suite which is licensed under the GPL. OpenOSPFD is developed on OpenBSD, and ports exist for FreeBSD and NetBSD. The design goals of\",\n \"title\": \"OpenOSPFD\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15654271\",\n \"text\": \"Route 10 (Uruguay) Route 10 is a national route of Uruguay. In 1983, it was assigned the name Juan Díaz de Solís, honouring the Spanish navigator. The distance notation along Route 10 uses the same Kilometre Zero reference as Routes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and IB, which is the Pillar of Peace of Plaza de Cagancha in the Centro of Montevideo. Aguas Dulces is at km 277 of Route 10. There are three parts that constitute Route 10, all of them close to the coastline. Their total length amounts to about . A less mentioned part starts\",\n \"title\": \"Route 10 (Uruguay)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8253809\",\n \"text\": \"there were 1 digit exchange number (usually \\\"2\\\") with some 2 digit exchange numbers so some phone numbers like 0347-61-XXXX, 0443-2-XXXX or 0525-40-XXXX existed. (now 031-761-XXXX, 043-652-XXXX and 055-340-XXXX) Before June 2000, South Korea used 2 to 4 digit area codes. It is not necessary to dial any carrier prefix before making a domestic long-distance call. These prefixes are needed only when you want to choose a different carrier other than your default long-distance carrier (usually the same company that provides your phoneline). Telephone numbers in South Korea Telephone numbers in South Korea are organized and assigned using the following\",\n \"title\": \"Telephone numbers in South Korea\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3702852\",\n \"text\": \"Default (computer science) A default, in computer science, refers to the preexisting value of a user-configurable setting that is assigned to a software application, computer program or device. Such settings are also called presets or factory presets, especially for electronic devices. The Oxford English Dictionary dates this usage to the mid-1960s, as a variant of the older meaning of \\\"failure in performance\\\". Default values are standard values that are universal to all instances of the device or model and intended to make the device as accessible as possible \\\"out of the box\\\" without necessitating a lengthy configuration process prior to\",\n \"title\": \"Default (computer science)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3702859\",\n \"text\": \"not have been a major problem, because they could easily replace it, but for a customer, losing the operating system—and several months' work—could be catastrophic. Default (computer science) A default, in computer science, refers to the preexisting value of a user-configurable setting that is assigned to a software application, computer program or device. Such settings are also called presets or factory presets, especially for electronic devices. The Oxford English Dictionary dates this usage to the mid-1960s, as a variant of the older meaning of \\\"failure in performance\\\". Default values are standard values that are universal to all instances of the\",\n \"title\": \"Default (computer science)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6713727\",\n \"text\": \"routes in New York State, paralleling two similarly lengthy routes, NY 104 to the north and NY 5 to the south, as well as the Erie Canal, as it proceeds east. Much of NY 31 west of Jordan was originally designated as part of a legislative route from the late 1900s to the early 1920s. NY 31 itself was assigned in the mid-1920s, utilizing all of legislative Route 30 (modern NY 31, NY 429, and NY 104) west of Rochester and much of its current alignment from Rochester to Lenox. At Lenox, NY 31 turned southeast to follow what is\",\n \"title\": \"New York State Route 31\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5226995\",\n \"text\": \"with Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and IS-IS protocols has also been outlined in RFC 5881. To configure bfd on router Router(config)#router ospf 1 Router(config)#bfd all-interfaces Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a network protocol used to detect faults between two forwarding engines connected by a link. It provides low-overhead detection of faults even on physical media that doesn't support failure detection of any kind, such as Ethernet, virtual circuits, tunnels and MPLS Label Switched Paths. BFD establishes a session between two endpoints over a particular link. If more than one link exists between two systems, multiple BFD\",\n \"title\": \"Bidirectional Forwarding Detection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12217606\",\n \"text\": \"Balti jaam Baltic Station () is the main railway station in Tallinn, Estonia. All local commuter, long distance and international trains depart from the station. The station has seven platforms, of which two are situated apart from the rest and serve either international Tallinn–Moscow and Tallinn–Saint Petersburg routes performed by GoRail, or Elron's long distance routes to Pärnu or Viljandi. Platforms closer to the station building are mostly used by the commuter trains or long distance routes to Tartu or Narva. The Balti jaam stands close to a market called (\\\"station market\\\"). Balti jaam is situated northwest of the historic\",\n \"title\": \"Balti jaam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"515475\",\n \"text\": \"basic concepts are similar. OSPF has a larger set of extensions and optional features specified in the protocol standards. However IS-IS is easier to expand: its use of type-length-value (TLV) data allows engineers to implement support for new techniques without redesigning the protocol. For example, in order to support IPv6, the IS-IS protocol was extended to support a few additional TLVs, whereas OSPF required a new protocol draft (OSPFv3). In addition to that, IS-IS is less \\\"chatty\\\" and can scale to support larger networks. Given the same set of resources, IS-IS can support more routers in an area than OSPF.\",\n \"title\": \"IS-IS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3735846\",\n \"text\": \"message for the link sensing, neighbor detection and MPR selection processes. Being a proactive protocol, routes to all destinations within the network are known and maintained before use. Having the routes available within the standard routing table can be useful for some systems and network applications as there is no route discovery delay associated with finding a new route. The routing overhead generated, while generally greater than that of a reactive protocol, does not increase with the number of routes being created. Default and network routes can be injected into the system by HNA messages allowing for connection to the\",\n \"title\": \"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539720\",\n \"text\": \"(ASBR) is historic, in the sense that many OSPF domains can coexist in the same Internet-visible autonomous system, RFC 1996. The backbone area is responsible for distributing routing information between nonbackbone areas. The backbone must be contiguous, but it does not need to be physically contiguous; backbone connectivity can be established and maintained through the configuration of virtual links. All OSPF areas must connect to the backbone area. This connection, however, can be through a virtual link. For example, assume area 0.0.0.1 has a physical connection to area 0.0.0.0. Further assume that area 0.0.0.2 has no direct connection to the\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14490049\",\n \"text\": \"the War department officially purchased Park Field, and a small caretaker unit was assigned to the facility for administrative reasons. At that time the airfield began pioneering airmail routes throughout Tennessee and the surrounding states. However, the airfield continued to decline until it was little more than a storage area for aircraft and parts. By 1921, the decision had been made to phase down all activities at the base in accordance with sharply reduced military budgets. and the War Department had ordered the small caretaker force at Park Field to dismantle all remaining structures and to sell them as surplus.\",\n \"title\": \"Naval Support Activity Mid-South\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3779267\",\n \"text\": \"next reboot. It is, however, possible to disable administrative shares. Disabling administrative shares is not without caveats. Previous Versions for local files, a feature of Windows Vista and Windows 7, requires administrative shares to operate. Windows XP implements \\\"simple file sharing\\\" (also known as \\\"ForceGuest\\\"), a feature that can be enabled on computers that are not part of a Windows domain. When enabled, it authenticates all incoming access requests to network shares as \\\"Guest\\\", a user account with very limited access rights in Windows. This effectively disables access to administrative shares. By default, Windows Vista and later use User Account\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative share\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6713758\",\n \"text\": \"of Route 20 between Fairport and Macedon was reconfigured to utilize what is now NY 250 and NY 31. The first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924. At this time, all of legislative Route 20 west of Rochester became part of NY 3, a cross-state route that began in North Tonawanda and ended in Plattsburgh. By 1926, NY 31 was assigned to an alignment extending from Niagara Falls to Oneida. The route began at NY 34 (now NY 104) in Niagara Falls and followed College Avenue east to the city line, from where it continued\",\n \"title\": \"New York State Route 31\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12277555\",\n \"text\": \"but may be data for an Internet Layer (e.g., ICMPv6) or Link Layer (e.g., OSPF) instead. IP header An IP header is header information at the beginning of an IP packet which contains information about IP version, source IP address, destination IP address, time-to-live, etc. Two different versions of IP are used in practice today: IPv4 and IPv6. The IPv6 header uses IPv6 addresses and thus offers a much bigger address space, but is not backwards compatible with IPv4. IPv4 is the fourth version in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP), and routes most traffic on the Internet. The\",\n \"title\": \"IP header\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18817752\",\n \"text\": \"west, Russell Road to the east, and St. Laurent Boulevard to the south. The shopping centre has approximately 60 shops and services including Dollar Plus, LCBO, Loblaws, Rexall Pharma Plus, Royal Bank, The Beer Store, and the Ottawa Public Library. The shopping centre is adjacent to the Elmvale Transit Station. The size of the total complex is 147,332 square feet. The shopping centre is currently owned by Rio-Can Real Estate Investment Trust. The following routes serve Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre:<br> Frequent Routes: 86 106 114<br> Local Routes: 112 148 149 http://www.riocan.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/21321.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre is\",\n \"title\": \"Elmvale Acres Shopping Centre\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3803631\",\n \"text\": \"trains: New South Wales government-controlled NSW TrainLink operates ten long-distance routes. All routes originate from Sydney: V/Line, a nonprofit organisation marginally under the control of the Victoria government, operates both regional and long distance services along the Victorian regional network. Eight services in the long distance category, all of which operate from Melbourne, are available: Queensland Rail, a state entity, operates several passenger lines under its Traveltrain subsidiary. Six routes target the domestic market: An additional three Queensland Rail routes are aimed at providing tourist services. These services are operated under contract: The Public Transport Authority, a government agency of\",\n \"title\": \"Rail transport in Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12217608\",\n \"text\": \"In 2005, the station building was completely renewed and Hotel Shnelli and the headquarters of Estonian Railways () were completed nearby. Balti jaam Baltic Station () is the main railway station in Tallinn, Estonia. All local commuter, long distance and international trains depart from the station. The station has seven platforms, of which two are situated apart from the rest and serve either international Tallinn–Moscow and Tallinn–Saint Petersburg routes performed by GoRail, or Elron's long distance routes to Pärnu or Viljandi. Platforms closer to the station building are mostly used by the commuter trains or long distance routes to Tartu\",\n \"title\": \"Balti jaam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1915315\",\n \"text\": \"leaves an audit trail of who has used the command and what administrative operations they performed. Some OSes, such as macOS and some Linux distributions (most notably Ubuntu), automatically give the initial user created the ability to run as root via \\\"sudo\\\" – but configure this to ask them for their password before doing administrative actions. In some cases the actual root account is disabled by default, so it can't be directly used. In mobile platform-oriented OSs such as Apple iOS and Android, superuser access is inaccessible by design, but generally the security system can be exploited in order to\",\n \"title\": \"Superuser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8247694\",\n \"text\": \"museum trains and occasional freight trains. A network of hiking paths and cycling routes, integrated into long-distance routes is maintained by local associations. Otto Rühle (1874-1943) born in Siebenlehn. Formost radical Marxist Associated with Rosa Luxemburg and Alfredd Ardler. Großschirma Großschirma is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated 7 km northwest of Freiberg. It was formed from the administrative union of the village of Großschirma and the town of Siebenlehn, including their districts, on 1 September 2003. The eponymous village Großschirma was founded in the middle of the 12th\",\n \"title\": \"Großschirma\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10218689\",\n \"text\": \"with SMLT or DSMLT triangles, squares, and SMLT or DSMLT full mesh topologies, with routing enabled on the core VLANs. R-SMLT takes care of packet forwarding in core router failures and works with any of the following protocol types: IP Unicast Static Routes, RIP1, RIP2, OSPF, BGP and IPX RIP. R-SMLT is supported on Avaya's Ethernet Routing Switch ERS 8600, ERS 8800, VSP9000, ERS 8300 and MERS 8600 products. Distributed Multi-Link Trunking (DMLT) or Distributed MLT is a proprietary computer networking protocol designed by Nortel Networks, and now owned by extreme networks, used to load balance the network traffic across\",\n \"title\": \"Multi-link trunking\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539717\",\n \"text\": \"transitions through a maximum of eight conditions defined by a state machine: Unlike other routing protocols, OSPF does not carry data via a transport protocol, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Instead, OSPF forms IP datagrams directly, packaging them using protocol number 89 for the IP Protocol field. OSPF defines five different message types, for various types of communication: An OSPF network can be divided into \\\"areas\\\" that are logical groupings of hosts and networks. An area includes its connecting router having interfaces connected to the network. Each area maintains a separate link\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3566844\",\n \"text\": \"condor flies because the precondition is true and the justification is not inconsistent with what is currently known. On the contrary, does not allow concluding : even if the precondition of the default is true, the justification is inconsistent with what is known. From this background theory and this default, cannot be concluded because the default rule only allows deriving A common default assumption is that what is not known to be true is believed to be false. This is known as the Closed World Assumption, and is formalized in default logic using a default like the following one for\",\n \"title\": \"Default logic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10378971\",\n \"text\": \"were assigned to cardinal north-south routes and even numbers to east-west routes as in the federal U.S. and Interstate highway systems; this practice is consistently adhered to in primary routes (lower numbers), but anomalies have occurred in the four-digit numbers. Prior to 1955 the numbering pattern was essentially the obverse, meaning that almost all the numbers changed in 1955. The 1955 route redesignations took effect on June 30 of 1955. 3xxx designations were given to all new post-1955 SRs, and were the only new type designations, until around the year 2000 when 12xx designations began to be assigned to new\",\n \"title\": \"1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7731916\",\n \"text\": \"Bird Internet routing daemon BIRD is an open-source implementation for routing Internet Protocol packets on Unix-like operating systems. It was developed as a school project at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, and is distributed under the GNU General Public License. BIRD supports Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6 by running separate daemons. It establishes multiple routing tables, and uses BGP, RIP, and OSPF routing protocols, as well as statically defined routes. Its design differs significantly from GNU Zebra and Quagga. Currently BIRD is included in many Linux distributions, such as Debian, Ubuntu and Fedora. BIRD\",\n \"title\": \"Bird Internet routing daemon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7829747\",\n \"text\": \"a difference between the long-distance \\\"Grandes Lignes\\\", high-speed shuttle trains between Rabat and Casablanca, Urban transport in the Casablanca region and the \\\"train by road\\\" via daughter-company Supratours On the mainline (Grand Lignes) several trains are operated per day. In the first class all chairs are assigned seats. On three main routes the ONCF operate special night trains with either full beds in private rooms of couchettes. On the Oujda-Casablanca route they run a \\\"hotel train\\\" which only offeres beds and couchettes, no seats. These \\\"Voyage de Nuit\\\" is available on: And on the route Tangier-Nador vv there is no\",\n \"title\": \"ONCF\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5637421\",\n \"text\": \"National secondary road A national secondary road () is a category of road in Ireland. These roads form an important part of the national route network, but are secondary to the main arterial routes which are classified as national primary roads. National secondary roads are designated with route numbers higher than those used for primary roads, but with the same \\\"N\\\" prefix. Routes N51 and higher are all national secondary roads. National secondary roads have a default speed limit of 100 km/h (62.5 mph), as along with national primary routes, they fall into the speed limit category of \\\"national roads\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"National secondary road\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8582930\",\n \"text\": \"part of some routing protocols, including OSPF, DVMRP, and those used in wireless ad hoc networks. This type of protocol combines the advantages of \\\"proactive\\\" and \\\"reactive routing\\\". The routing is initially established with some proactively prospected routes and then serves the demand from additionally activated nodes through reactive flooding. The choice of one or the other method requires predetermination for typical cases. The main disadvantages of such algorithms are: Example: Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Position-based routing methods use information on the exact locations of the nodes. This information is obtained for example via a GPS receiver. Based on the\",\n \"title\": \"Wireless ad hoc network\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"515468\",\n \"text\": \"ISO standard, causing confusion. IS-IS has been called \\\"the \\\"de facto\\\" standard for large service provider network backbones.\\\" IS-IS is an interior gateway protocol, designed for use within an administrative domain or network. This is in contrast to exterior gateway protocols, primarily Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is used for routing between autonomous systems (RFC 1930). IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol, operating by reliably flooding link state information throughout a network of routers. Each IS-IS router independently builds a database of the network's topology, aggregating the flooded network information. Like the OSPF protocol, IS-IS uses Dijkstra's algorithm for computing\",\n \"title\": \"IS-IS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6020713\",\n \"text\": \"to change routes used by the peer, in order to facilitate eavesdropping, black holing, or traffic analysis. By default EBGP peers will attempt to add all routes received by another peer into the device's routing table and will then attempt to advertise nearly all of these routes to other EBGP peers. This can be a problem as multi-homed organizations can inadvertently advertise prefixes learned from one AS to another, causing the end customer to become the new, best-path to the prefixes in question. For example, a customer with a Cisco router peering with say AT&T and Verizon and using no\",\n \"title\": \"BGP hijacking\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"539715\",\n \"text\": \"but nothing more. OSPF neighbors do not exchange any routing information – the only packets they exchange are Hello packets. OSPF adjacencies are formed between selected neighbors and allow them to exchange routing information. Two routers must first be neighbors and only then, can they become adjacent. Two routers become adjacent if at least one of them is Designated Router or Backup Designated Router (on multiaccess type networks), or they are interconnected by a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint network type. For forming a neighbor relationship between, the interfaces used to form the relationship must be in the same OSPF area. While\",\n \"title\": \"Open Shortest Path First\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4857445\",\n \"text\": \"degree power is necessary to fully administer a UNIX system, but it also allows its user to make a mistake and cause system problems. Unprivileged users usually cannot: On Windows NT-based systems, privileges are delegated in varying degrees. These delegations can be defined using the Local Security Policy Manager (SECPOL.MSC). The following is an abbreviated list of the default assignments: Windows defines a number of administrative privileges that can be assigned individually to users and/or groups. An account (user) holds only the privileges granted to it, either directly or indirectly through group memberships. Upon installation a number of groups and\",\n \"title\": \"Privilege (computing)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":92,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"93"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the most decorated veteran in us history"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Audie Leon Murphy"],"string":"[\n \"Audie Leon Murphy\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2285596","text":"Audie Murphy Audie Leon Murphy (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was one of the most decorated American combat soldiers of World War II. He received every military combat award for valor available from the U.S. Army, as well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received the Medal of Honor for valor that he demonstrated at the age of 19 for single-handedly holding off an entire company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in France in January 1945, then leading a successful counterattack while wounded and out of ammunition. Murphy was born into","title":"Audie Murphy"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2285596\",\n \"text\": \"Audie Murphy Audie Leon Murphy (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was one of the most decorated American combat soldiers of World War II. He received every military combat award for valor available from the U.S. Army, as well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received the Medal of Honor for valor that he demonstrated at the age of 19 for single-handedly holding off an entire company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in France in January 1945, then leading a successful counterattack while wounded and out of ammunition. Murphy was born into\",\n \"title\": \"Audie Murphy\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"13803134","text":"as 40 Cherokee men also used their native language for sensitive communications during World War II. Admiral Joseph \"Jocko\" Clark, an Oklahoma Cherokee, was a highly decorated admiral in the United States Navy for his command of aircraft carriers during World War II. Clark's rank was the highest achieved by a Native American in the US military. Second Lieutenant Billy Walkabout, an Oklahoma Cherokee from the Blue Clan, was the most-decorated Native American veteran of the Vietnam War. He served in the United States Army Company F, 58th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. The United Keetoowah Band Lighthorse Color Guard","title":"Cherokee military history"},{"docid":"1316057","text":"Americans have served and fought on behalf of the United States. Serving in both segregated and non-segregated units until the desegregation of the US Military in 1948, 31 have been awarded the nation's highest award for combat valor, the Medal of Honor. Twenty-one of these were conferred upon members of the mostly Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of World War II, the most highly decorated unit of its size in the history of the United States Armed Forces. The highest ranked Asian American military official was Secretary of Veteran Affairs, four-star general and Army","title":"Asian Americans"},{"docid":"15706215","text":"Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo (1919–2001) was a Polish-born historian who specialized in 19th-century Polish history, a Polish resistance fighter who after 1945 had to live his life in exile in Britain and Canada, and a decorated veteran of the Polish Warsaw Uprising in August–September 1944. For most of his adult life he was a professor of History at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Stanisław Tylingo was born in Warsaw on 30 March 1919. His family were formerly owners of the estate Suderwa near Wilno (Vilnius), but because of participation in the Revolution of 1905 had lost that","title":"Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo"},{"docid":"15706233","text":"Mary's University Archive, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Contains a full publication list and research activities of S. B-T. Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo (1919–2001) was a Polish-born historian who specialized in 19th-century Polish history, a Polish resistance fighter who after 1945 had to live his life in exile in Britain and Canada, and a decorated veteran of the Polish Warsaw Uprising in August–September 1944. For most of his adult life he was a professor of History at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Stanisław Tylingo was born in Warsaw on 30 March 1919. His family were formerly owners of","title":"Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo"},{"docid":"8673200","text":"warm memories of their childhood in Viator, and kept in touch in the post-war years. Throughout his life Arnulfo, the decorated war hero, veteran of some of the fiercest battles, and highly respected officer in the post-war army of Francoist Spain, spoke of his pacifist father as the 'greatest man who ever lived'. This is no paradox: it is testament to the courage and strength of character of both men, indicative of the complexities of civil war, and a victory for humanity over mere politics. It tells us that even in the most challenging circumstances the lasting strengths of the","title":"José Brocca"},{"docid":"8546092","text":"Highway\" in honor of Paul L. Bolden, a Medal of Honor recipient and Madison County's most-decorated World War II veteran. Beginning at its southern terminus, SR 53 assumes a slight northwesterly trajectory as it travels through Dothan, where it joins US 231, heading towards Montgomery. Between Dothan and Huntsville, SR 53 is the unsigned partner to US 231, however, only SR-53’s mile markers are present along the route. At Huntsville, SR 53 diverts from US 231 and once again becomes a signed route until it reaches its northern terminus just west of Ardmore at I-65/US 31 crossing several major roads","title":"Alabama State Route 53"},{"docid":"13916558","text":"military complex at Al Udeid Air Base and named it the Blatchford-Preston Complex, so that Sergeant Samuel Blatchford and General Maurice A. Preston would not be forgotten. Samuel Nathan Blatchford Samuel Nathan Blatchford (1925–2005) was an American soldier and civil engineer. He is the most decorated American Indian veteran to date. Blatchford's mother, Pauline Manuelito was the great-granddaughter of the great war chief Manuelito, who fought Kit Carson in the Navajo Wars (1869–63) and led his people in exile to the current Navajo Reservation. In 1941, Blatchford began his own journey as a warrior, enlisting into the US Army Air","title":"Samuel Nathan Blatchford"},{"docid":"13916554","text":"Samuel Nathan Blatchford Samuel Nathan Blatchford (1925–2005) was an American soldier and civil engineer. He is the most decorated American Indian veteran to date. Blatchford's mother, Pauline Manuelito was the great-granddaughter of the great war chief Manuelito, who fought Kit Carson in the Navajo Wars (1869–63) and led his people in exile to the current Navajo Reservation. In 1941, Blatchford began his own journey as a warrior, enlisting into the US Army Air Corps before World War II. At the age of 17, standing 5'9\" and weighing 130 pounds, it seemed unlikely that Samuel would make much of a name","title":"Samuel Nathan Blatchford"},{"docid":"20327285","text":"Reed Gershwind Reed Gershwind (born 17 May 1964) is a former US deaf swimmer who represented the United States at the Deaflympics and in other deaf championships. He holds the record for winning the most number of medals for United States at the Deaflympics with 30. He is ranked second among most number of medals earned by a Deaflympic athlete in history behind Terence Parkin's haul of 33. He is the most decorated US Deaflympic athlete. Gershwind was born deaf. He attended the Lexington School for the Deaf before switching to California School for the Deaf. His parents noticed his","title":"Reed Gershwind"},{"docid":"18801836","text":"Thomas Tackaberry Thomas Howard Tackaberry (September 6, 1923 – April 3, 2017) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was a veteran of World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War and was a recipient of three Distinguished Service Crosses and served as Commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps from 1979 to 1981. Tackaberry is one of the highly decorated officers in the U.S. Army. He ranks among the 10 most decorated military servicemembers in the U.S. military history. In 1952, while serving as a company commander, he earned the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism","title":"Thomas Tackaberry"},{"docid":"7563870","text":"to serve as the Chief of Naval Operations. As an admiral and later the 19th Chief of Naval Operations, Zumwalt played a major role in U.S. military history, especially during the Vietnam War. A highly decorated war veteran, Zumwalt reformed the US Navy's personnel policies in an effort to improve enlisted life and ease racial tensions. After he retired from a 32-year naval career, he launched an unsuccessful campaign for the United States Senate. The hull classification symbol for \"Zumwalt\" is DDG-1000, which departs from the guided missile destroyer numbering sequence that goes up to DDG-126, which , is ,","title":"USS Zumwalt"},{"docid":"3912460","text":"smaller Carnival celebrations in smaller towns and villages. Some of the most innovative carnival costumes came from kiddies carnival. Rosalind Gabriel, a 30 year veteran and the most decorated children's bandleader in the country's history, has sent her costumes to carnivals in North America and other Caribbean islands. Proving that Carnival not only has worldwide appeal to adults, but children too. A few specific characters have evolved during the history of Trinidad and Tobago's Carnival. Among these characters are: Trinidad and Tobago Carnival The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival is an annual event held on the Monday and Tuesday before Ash","title":"Trinidad and Tobago Carnival"},{"docid":"7921132","text":"Special emphasis is always given to the men and women who were wounded in action (WIA). <br> \"The Sergeants Major of the Army\", Daniel K. Elder, Center of Military History, United States Army Washington, D.C. 2003. Jack L. Tilley Jack L. Tilley is a highly-decorated military veteran and businessman. He served for almost 37 years in the United States Army, culminating in his appointment in 2000 as the 12th Sergeant Major of the Army, a post he held until his retirement on January 15, 2004. He was the last Vietnam War veteran to serve in that position. Tilley was born","title":"Jack L. Tilley"},{"docid":"7353142","text":"served in the armed forces of the United States. A number of them were decorated for their service, including Col. Ernest Dervishian, a native of Virginia, who was awarded the Medal of Honor. US Marine Harry Kizirian is considered the most decorated soldier of the state of Rhode Island. Another Marine Captain, Victor Maghakian is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war. The highest-ranking Armenian-American during World War II was Brigadier General Haig Shekerjian (who had previously served in the Pancho Villa Expedition and as an American military attache in the Middle Eastern theater of World","title":"Ethnic minorities in the US armed forces during World War II"},{"docid":"14473772","text":"veteran of the US Marine Corps from 1967 through 1971, the most conflicted years of the war. The film focuses on real people McIntyre knew in the Marines, as well as experiences of Dr. Marvin Wayne, renowned and decorated physician at the 24th Evac in its final year. \"21 and a Wakeup\" has been described as \"an action packed drama that genuinely gets under the skin of its characters, showcasing the breathtaking beauty of Vietnam that most Americans have never seen.\" The film is based on real events, focusing on the lives of three young nurses, one of whom undertakes","title":"21 and a Wake-Up"},{"docid":"3517192","text":"on the enemy personnel.\" Williams is considered the most heavily decorated enlisted sailor in US Navy history. The US Navy posthumously named a guided missile destroyer, USS \"James E. Williams\", after him. Patrick Osborne Ford was a United States Navy sailor serving on a PBR patrol boat who was killed in Vietnam after he saved the lives of two of his shipmates. The US Navy posthumously awarded him the Navy Cross and later named a frigate, USS \"Ford\" (FFG-54), after him. A major part of the action in the 1979 movie Apocalypse Now takes place on a fictional United States","title":"Patrol Boat, River"},{"docid":"9066198","text":"speculator, developer, and (later) notorious wheeler-dealer John Peirce. Peirce was a colorful and flamboyant character, a decorated Union Army veteran wounded in the Civil War, and a major promoter during Sioux City's 19th Century boom years. Until fairly recently, Sioux City historians and civic promoters held Peirce in high esteem for his years of seeming dedication to the growth of Sioux City, especially of the North Side. More recent investigation has shown that in the end Peirce was a very clever scoundrel who actually got away with his crime. Like most other businessman, Peirce had been hurt very badly by","title":"History of Sioux City, Iowa"},{"docid":"11883424","text":"5 Bronze Stars with Valor, 4 Army Commendation Medals, 5 Purple Hearts and 5 Air Medals (one each for every 5th mission which involved a helicopter). Otero Barreto has been called \"the most decorated Puerto Rican veteran,\" and the news media and various organizations have called him \"the most decorated soldier in the Vietnam War.\" Whatever the case, Otero Barreto remains one of the most decorated Vietnam War veterans, and possibly the most decorated U.S. soldier in the Vietnam War living today. On 22 June 2012, Otero Barreto was the keynote speaker at a Vietnam Veterans Memorial Dinner in Lorain,","title":"Jorge Otero Barreto"},{"docid":"11826629","text":"about the Filipinos in their midst changed when Filipinos both in the Philippines and the US fought fiercely and bravely alongside Americans. Two all-Filipino regiments of the US Army were among the most highly decorated of the war. Afterward, laws were changed, and many Manongs were able to marry and bring their brides to the US, starting families late in life and producing a generation of Filipino-Americans who knew little of their fathers' courageous struggles to survive in the US until they took college classes in Filipino-American history. By 1946, Stockton's Little Manila was home to the largest Filipino community","title":"Little Manila, Stockton, California"},{"docid":"19437677","text":"The Western Front (film) The Western Front is a 2010 American documentary film directed by Zachary Iscol, produced by Radha Agrawal and Zachary Iscol and written by Zachary Iscol. The film debuted at the TriBeCa Film Festival. Zach Iscol is a combat decorated Marine officer, Iraq veteran and entrepreneur, who served as the first officer in charge of Recruiting, Screening, Assessment, and Selection for the U.S. Marine Corps Forces - Special Operations Command. He is the executive director of the Headstrong Project, as well as founder and CEO of Hirepurpose. Based on the 2004 experience of Zachary Iscol, a US","title":"The Western Front (film)"},{"docid":"13875423","text":"subspecies of pika, white-tailed prairie dog, the dwarf shrew, the Uinta ground squirrel, the Uinta chipmunk and the Wyoming pocket gopher. Tom Bell, founder of the Wyoming Outdoor Council, grew up on a ranch outside Lander during the Great Depression. He was born on April 12, 1924, descended from Civil War soldier Edward Alton, who moved to Milford, Wyoming, in 1878. Bell is a decorated World War II veteran, who flew with the 15th of the US Army's Air Forces on bombing missions throughout central and southern Europe. He successfully completed 32 combat sorties and earned the rank of 1st","title":"Wyoming Outdoor Council"},{"docid":"20701768","text":"George Doundoulakis George James Doundoulakis (October 19, 1921 – March 17, 2007) was a Greek American physicist and soldier who worked under British Intelligence during World War II with SOE agent Patrick Leigh Fermor, and then served with the OSS in Thessaly, Greece. He is known by his twenty-six US Patents in the fields of radar, electronics, and narrowband television. Doundoulakis is best remembered for the idea of suspending the antenna feed of the Arecibo radio telescope by cables and towers, eventually patented by his brother Helias Doundoulakis. A decorated veteran of World War II, Doundoulakis formed an underground resistance","title":"George Doundoulakis"},{"docid":"17710581","text":"operate in the Middle East and the Pacific Ocean. \"Lewis B. Puller\" was operated by the Military Sealift Command and designation prefix was \"USNS.\" The crew consist of Department of the Navy civilian mariners . \"Lewis B. Puller\" is intended to replace \"USS Ponce\", the U.S. Navy's interim AFSB support ship. USNS \"Lewis B. Puller\" (T-ESB-3) is the second ship named after Lieutenant General Lewis Burwell \"Chesty\" Puller, USMC., the first being , an . A distinguished combat veteran of the Banana Wars, World War II and the Korean War, Puller is the most decorated individual in the history of","title":"USS Lewis B. Puller (ESB-3)"},{"docid":"20927971","text":"Kommando 1944 Kommando 1944 is a short film depicting the Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. It was directed and written by Derek Quick. The film has won over 100 awards within its first month on the festival circuit around the world (September 2018) and is currently competing to break the Guinness World Records for short film wins. The film was Inspired by Quick's Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma Native American heritage as the grandchild of Charles, [Red Cedar] A. Todd, a US Army Korean War decorated combat veteran and a former Chief of the Ottawa Tribe who faced","title":"Kommando 1944"},{"docid":"10080661","text":"person, Billy Walkabout, a Cherokee full-blood who was the most highly decorated Indian veteran of the Vietnam War. One of his most famous paintings is \"Brothers Gone but Not Forgotten,\" an acrylic painting from 2000, which portrayed a grieving man in a wheelchair touching the Vietnam War Memorial and faint images of fallen comrades can be seen in man's reflection. In this painting, Talmadge painted the names of each of the 238 Native Americans who died in the Vietnam War. Davis' work was part of a traveling exhibit that was featured at the National Museum of the American Indian in","title":"Talmadge Davis"},{"docid":"1693812","text":"painted the altarpiece of the mortuary chapel. The dome is decorated by Correggio. Mantegna was no less eminent as an engraver, though his history in that respect is somewhat obscure, partly because he never signed or dated any of his plates, but for a single disputed instance of 1472. The account which has come down to us from Vasari (who was, as usual, keen to assert that everything flows from Florence) is that Mantegna began engraving in Rome, prompted by the engravings produced by the Florentine Baccio Baldini after Sandro Botticelli. This is now considered most unlikely as it would","title":"Andrea Mantegna"},{"docid":"9204751","text":"Harvey Possinger Harvey Possinger was the second most highly decorated US veteran of World War II. He received every medal for valor in combat except for the Medal of Honor which was promised to him by General Douglas MacArthur. However, his paperwork was lost and he never received the medal. Drafted in April 1942, he was able to skip basic training due to civilian military training and left the Continental United States in May. Possinger was assigned to B Company, 35th Infantry Regiment, of the 25th Infantry Division. The 25th Infantry was called into Guadalcanal to relieve the 1st Marine","title":"Harvey Possinger"},{"docid":"20343479","text":"Samuel and Henrietta Abeles, he was named after his grandfather, a renowned Orthodox rabbi who immigrated to the United States from Hungary in 1901. His father, a Hungarian Jew, was a decorated World War I veteran who used his pension to open up a retail business in Sheeps Head Bay. His mother was of Polish-Jewish descent and worked as a librarian before her marriage. After his parents divorced early on in his life, he moved to Myrtle Beach with his mother where she started a new life by opening up a rooming house called Paul's Guest House on US Highway","title":"Sigmund Abeles"},{"docid":"14855116","text":"Cho-Ten Cho-Ten was a professional wrestling team that competed in New Japan Pro Wrestling on and off from February 1995 - September 2006. The team consisted of Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. Cho-Ten is one of the most decorated and successful tag teams in New Japan history. They held the IWGP Tag Team Championship a record 5 times and won the 1995 Super Grade Tag League. Cho-Ten first began teaming up on February 19, 1995 along with veteran Hiro Saito to defeat Hiroshi Hase, Kensuke Sasaki, & Riki Choshu. After forming their alliance, the three became known as \"Team Wolf\";","title":"Cho-Ten"},{"docid":"14855126","text":"and Tenzan reunited, alongside Hiro Saito, for Tenzan's 20th Anniversary Show, defeating Osamu Nishimura, Shinjiro Otani, and Koji Kanemoto. Cho-Ten Cho-Ten was a professional wrestling team that competed in New Japan Pro Wrestling on and off from February 1995 - September 2006. The team consisted of Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. Cho-Ten is one of the most decorated and successful tag teams in New Japan history. They held the IWGP Tag Team Championship a record 5 times and won the 1995 Super Grade Tag League. Cho-Ten first began teaming up on February 19, 1995 along with veteran Hiro Saito to","title":"Cho-Ten"},{"docid":"9071732","text":"John Plaster John L. Plaster (born 1949) is a former United States Army Special Forces officer regarded as one of the leading sniper experts in the world. A decorated Vietnam War veteran who served in the covert Studies and Observations Group (SOG), Plaster co-founded a renowned sniper school that trains military and law enforcement personnel in highly specialized sniper tactics. He is the author of \"The Ultimate Sniper: An Advanced Training Manual for Military and Police Snipers\", \"The History of Sniping and Sharpshooting\", and \"Secret Commandos: Behind Enemy Lines with the Elite Warriors of SOG\", a memoir of his 3","title":"John Plaster"},{"docid":"20288040","text":"member of the historic 2009 World Champion US National Bench Press Team. Stewart has competed in powerlifting and bench pressing for over 17 years. He has won seven US National Bench Press Championship Gold Medals. He is the most decorated and dominant 120 kg / 264 lbs bench presser in the history of this sport in the United States. He has earned 3 bronze medals, 1 silver medal, and 7 gold medals in national championship competition. Brady is the only US athlete in his weight class to have medaled in World Championship Competition with a team Gold (TEAM USA) \"(Hamm,","title":"Brady Stewart"},{"docid":"9031650","text":"put the number of Serbian Americans at more than 350,000. Serbian-born population in the US since 2010: Notable Serbian Americans among others include recipients of the Medal of Honor such as World War I veteran Jake Allex. In 1905, Rade Grbitch, a Serb from South Chicago, was awarded the Medal of Honor by the United States Navy for heroic action on the Pacific Coast (Interim Awards, 1901-1911). The most decorated Serbian veterans of World War II were Mitchell Paige and John W. Minick, both recipients of the Medal of Honor, and George Musulin, an officer of the Office of Strategic","title":"Serbian Americans"},{"docid":"14717395","text":"twenty-five, died of cancer. The couple resided in Ruston and had two children, Sherard Thompson Lewis of Little Rock and Richard Howard Thompson of Houston. Thompson spent his later years in Monroe in Ouachita Parish with his second wife, Marie Meade Thompson (born April 1936), the former wife of the historian Carroll Wade Meade (1932-2015) of Tyler, Texas, a decorated veteran of the Korean War, a specialist in ancient history, and the author of five history books who was reared in Pollock in Grant Parish in Central Louisiana. Meade was a member of the Louisiana Tech faculty from 1967 to","title":"William Y. Thompson"},{"docid":"14929555","text":"James W. Huston (author) James Webb Huston (October 26, 1953 – April 14, 2016) was an American author and lawyer, best known for his popular military and legal thrillers. A graduate of TOPGUN, he served as a naval flight officer and worked in naval intelligence before going on to become a \"New York Times\" best-selling author. Huston was born and grew up in West Lafayette, Indiana. His father, James A. Huston, was a Purdue University history professor and highly decorated World War II veteran who published several books on military and diplomatic history. In 2009, James A. Huston was awarded","title":"James W. Huston (author)"},{"docid":"7820835","text":"War Stories with Oliver North War Stories was a military history program on Fox News, hosted by Oliver North, a decorated Marine Corps officer, Vietnam war veteran, and key participant of the Iran–Contra affair. The program covered a number of different stories relating to war and national defense, featuring individuals who were directly involved with the topic covered in the episode. Each episode focused on one of three areas: The episodes were often based on current events; the episode which aired August 6, 2006 featured the history of Fidel Castro's rise to power (in light of Castro's temporary relinquishment of","title":"War Stories with Oliver North"},{"docid":"4269022","text":"James E. Williams James Elliott \"Willie\" Williams (November 13, 1930 – October 13, 1999) was a Cherokee Indian and an honorary United States Navy chief boatswain's mate who was awarded the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War. Boatswain's Mate First Class Williams was one of 32 Native Americans to receive the medal and is considered to be the most decorated enlisted man in the history of the US Navy. Williams was born in Fort Mill, South Carolina and moved two months later with his parents to Darlington, South Carolina where he spent his early childhood and youth. He attended","title":"James E. Williams"},{"docid":"19667386","text":"taught to work hard, to achieve beyond their potential, and to give back to the community. Lee was fond of saying, \"if your opponent does 200 kicks, then you must do 300 kicks. Make no excuses.\" Sang Chul Lee is the most decorated US Olympic Taekwondo Head coach in history. Although Taekwondo was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, his US team won 11 medals, including 3 gold, more than any other US Taekwondo Olympic Team. Lee's coaching success was not easy. In the late 1970s, the US Taekwondo Team was unranked in the world. According to","title":"Sang Chul Lee (taekwondo)"},{"docid":"12636454","text":"responsibilities included establishing emergency deployment march tables for the US Army V Corps in event of a Warsaw Pact offensive. Ralph's final deployment back to the US took him to the US Armed Forces School of Music, located at the US Naval Amphibious Base (Little Creek), Norfolk, VA. Promoted to Master Sergeant, MSG Bowerman was assigned to the joint services school as Senior Enlisted Director, Training Development, US Army Element. Ralph retired in 1980 after 23-year's service, a decorated veteran and recipient of the Meritorious Service Medal and Bronze Star Medal. Following a period of declining health, Ralph died at","title":"Ralph Lee Bowerman"},{"docid":"7291421","text":"for their service, including Col. Ernest Dervishian, a native of Virginia, who was awarded the Medal of Honor. US Marine Harry Kizirian is considered the most decorated soldier of the state of Rhode Island. Another Marine Captain, Victor Maghakian is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war. The highest-ranking Armenian-American during World War II was Brigadier General Haig Shekerjian (who had previously served in the Pancho Villa Expedition and as an American military attache in the Middle Eastern theater of World War I). He was appointed Commanding General of Camp Sibert, Alabama, which was used extensively","title":"Armenian Americans"},{"docid":"5853808","text":"their functions were absorbed into the office of the Commissioner of Baseball. A decorated veteran of two wars, a noted baseball player who served on five championship teams, an accomplished physician, and the former President of the American League, Brown is considered to have few equals in the history of major league baseball. He is a regular at the Yankees' annual Old-Timers' Day celebrations. On March 27, 1957, Brown was a contestant on the game show \"To Tell The Truth\". Repeats of the episode are occasionally broadcast on the Game Show Network and can also be seen on YouTube. Brown's","title":"Bobby Brown (third baseman)"},{"docid":"17790292","text":"John C. Young John Chew Young (; June 16, 1912 – October 27, 1987), Chinese American, was born in San Jose, California. A key figure in the development of Chinatown, San Francisco, he was one of the original board members of the Chinese Historical Society of America, and a decorated American World War II army veteran of the China Burma India Theater. Celebrated as one of the 20 individuals from San Francisco history \"who was heroic in stature and who contributed significantly to the building of the San Francisco we know today...An Engineer from Stanford University, Young devoted himself to","title":"John C. Young"},{"docid":"8601207","text":"Rolf Weinberg Rolf Weinberg (6 March 1919 – 23 June 2011) was a Second World War veteran who fought with the Free French Forces. He was the highest decorated Jewish officer in the Free French, having been awarded the Médaille militaire. Weinberg was born in the small Westphalian town of Herford in Germany to a Jewish family. His father was an Iron Cross decorated veteran of the Great War, and the director of the family's local chocolate factory. In 1936, Weinberg's mother secured him the position of an apprentice in a knitting machine factory of a Jewish family in Stuttgart,","title":"Rolf Weinberg"},{"docid":"18007781","text":"fellow-conscript Percy (Caleb Landry Jones). Though most of their intake are sent off to fight in the Korean War, he and Percy are made sergeants and spend their days teaching typing. The bane of their life is Sergeant-Major Bradley (David Thewlis), a decorated veteran of World War II who is obsessive about doing things by the book. An ally against Bradley is the orderly Redmond (Pat Shortt), who teaches them the military arts of \"skiving\" (evading work). However, Bradley succeeds in getting Bill charged with subverting a private's will to fight by telling him some truths about Korea. The case","title":"Queen and Country (film)"},{"docid":"20863469","text":"Chun In-bum Lieutenant General (Ret.) Chun In-bum is a decorated South Korean Army veteran and authority on Korean politics and military relations. Chun was born September 6, 1958 in the South Korean capital city of Seoul. He moved to the United States of America at the age of seven with his mother, who was serving as a South Korean diplomat, and spent four and a half years in New York City before returning to Korea in 1969 to finish high school. He was accepted to the Korea Military Academy (KMA) in 1977. There, he studied military history and was commissioned","title":"Chun In-bum"},{"docid":"16791211","text":"An Age of Kings An Age of Kings is a fifteen-part serial adaptation of the eight sequential history plays of William Shakespeare (\"Richard II\", \"1 Henry IV\", \"2 Henry IV\", \"Henry V\", \"1 Henry VI\", \"2 Henry VI\", \"3 Henry VI\" and \"Richard III\"), produced by the BBC in 1960. At the time, the show was the most ambitious Shakespearean television adaptation ever made, and was a critical and commercial success in both the UK and the US. The concept for the series originated in 1959 with Peter Dews, a veteran BBC producer and director, who was inspired by a","title":"An Age of Kings"},{"docid":"303521","text":"Secret Intelligence agent, he was dispatched to seek information on German physicist Werner Heisenberg and his knowledge on the atomic bomb. One of the most highly decorated and flamboyant OSS soldiers was US Marine Colonel Peter Ortiz. Enlisting early in the war, as a French Foreign Legionnaire, he went on to join the OSS and earn the title of the most highly decorated US Marine in the OSS during World War II. Julia Child, who later authored cookbooks worked directly under Donovan. \"Jumping Joe\" Savoldi (code name Sampson) was recruited by the OSS in 1942 because of his hand-to-hand combat","title":"Office of Strategic Services"},{"docid":"9283691","text":"His actions in this fight alone surpassed the highly decorated US Army soldier Audie Murphy, who was credited with 240 kills during World War II, and who had been the second most decorated US soldier in the war. Once he returned to his unit, Kouma attempted to resupply his tank and return to the front lines. Instead, the wounded Kouma was ordered to evacuate for medical treatment. As he was being evacuated, Kouma again requested to return to the front lines. Kouma was returned to duty three days later. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to master sergeant, and evacuated to","title":"Ernest R. Kouma"},{"docid":"1721547","text":"in her youth. She once could be described as feisty as well as a youthful ragamuffin, although she has become more conventional with age. Lucrezia \"Rezia\" Smith is Septimus' Italian wife. She is burdened by his mental illness and believes she is judged because of it. During most of the novel she is homesick for her family and country, which she left to marry Septimus after the Armistice. Septimus Warren Smith is a World War I veteran who suffers from \"shell shock\" and hallucinations of his deceased friend, Evans. Educated and decorated in the war, he is detached from society","title":"Mrs Dalloway"},{"docid":"7469994","text":"The battalion provided valuable information to the Division since they had been in country since September and was pleased to rejoin their higher command, the 6th Marine Regt. The 6th Marines was command by Col Lawrence H. \"Rhino 6\" Livingston, a highly decorated Vietnam Veteran, winning the Navy Cross, Silver Star, four Bronze stars and five purple hearts respectively. LtCol Thomas S. Jones, who command 1/6 was a decorated combat veteran of Vietnam himself and had served an exchange tour with the 42 Commando British Royal Marines, was well suited for the task at hand. He was well respected throughout","title":"1st Battalion, 6th Marines"},{"docid":"17873409","text":"USS Liberty Alliance, succeeding in 2013 Rear Admiral Clarence “Mark” Hill and Admiral Thomas Moorer, a former Chief of Naval Operations and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The USS Liberty is the US Navy Spy ship that is the most highly decorated ship in the history of the US Navy in a single action. Wells was made an honorary crew member in 2013 at a special ceremony by the surviving crew members of the USS Liberty and Veterans Association to honor his work in intelligence, research, analysis, and publications regarding the June War of 1967, and support for","title":"Anthony Wells"},{"docid":"11777313","text":"Chorus. July 2, 1988: GMCW sang at the funeral of Leonard Matlovich, a decorated Vietnam veteran who was discharged from the Air Force in 1975 for declaring his homosexuality. Oct. 15, 1989: The Chorus was allowed to participate in the AIDS Healing Service at the Washington National Cathedral under its own name after a significant struggle for recognition. GMCW was asked to participate in the 1988 service, only to have the invitation “rescinded because the Episcopal hierarchy deemed us too ‘political’,” according to one member. (While they did participate, it was not under the GMCW name.) Chorus leadership pursued the","title":"Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, D.C."},{"docid":"8508322","text":"services prior to eating. During this time, the local Buffalo TV channels updated the story every night on their news broadcasts. In 1990, Kleasen moved to Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, England. He married local woman Marie Longley, who he met as a pen pal while living in the US. He ingratiated himself with local residents, and began to amass a huge gun collection. A shooting club member became suspicious of Kleasen's claims of being a decorated military veteran and CIA agent, and confirmed from U.S. military officials that Kleasen had never served in the U.S. armed forces. This information was passed on","title":"Robert Elmer Kleason"},{"docid":"11912909","text":"world to qualify for an Olympic fencing team. Olympic Results Round 1 - Arlene Stevens (US) def. Zahra Gamir (Algeria) 5-2 Round 2 - Ildikó Mincza (Hungary) def. Arlene Stevens (US) 11-8 Stevens is 5'11\" Is left handed Is of European and Chinese descent. Also practiced ballet and gymnastics. Arlene Stevens Arlene Stevens (born February 20, 1981) is a retired American epee fencer. Stevens is lauded as \"one of the most decorated fencers in program history,\" at St. John's University. Stevens competed while attending St. John's University, from 1999-2003. 4 time All-American fencer. Silver medalist at the NCAA Championships in","title":"Arlene Stevens"},{"docid":"12657254","text":"Short track speed skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics Short track speed skating at the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum, Vancouver, British Columbia on 13–26 February 2010. China dominated the competition, sweeping the women's events - winning gold in the 500 m, 1,000 m 1,500 m and 3000 m relay. Wang Meng won three gold medals becoming the most accomplished female short track speed skater in Olympic history and Apolo Ohno became the most decorated Winter Olympian in US history with 8 medals. Haralds Silovs of Latvia became the first athlete in Olympic history to participate","title":"Short track speed skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics"},{"docid":"13691759","text":"scenes were shot at Marks Gate, London. Harry Brown is an elderly pensioner who was once a decorated Royal Marine, and a veteran of Northern Ireland. He lives on a London council estate ruled by violent gangs and spends most of his time playing chess with his friend, Len Attwell, at a local pub owned by Sid Rourke. When the hospital phones to tell him that his wife, Kath, is dying, Harry is too late because he is scared to take a shortcut through a narrow underpass, where a gang holds court. His wife is laid to rest next to","title":"Harry Brown (film)"},{"docid":"10977629","text":"Bronze Star and the Purple Heart and served under the famous Marine Col John Ripley. Following his career in baseball, Goggin resided in Nashville, Tennessee and served as U.S. Marshal for the Middle District of Tennessee. Chuck Goggin Charles Francis Goggin (born July 7, 1945 in Pompano Beach, Florida) is a former utility player in Major League Baseball who played with three teams from to and is the most decorated Vietnam War veteran to play Major League Baseball. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1972–73), Atlanta Braves (1973) and Boston Red Sox (1974). A pinch hitter and versatile player with","title":"Chuck Goggin"},{"docid":"6579482","text":"Clinton Tyree Clinton Tyree, a.k.a. Skink, is a fictional character who has appeared in several novels by Carl Hiaasen, beginning with \"Double Whammy\" in 1987. He is an opponent of sprawl and development, and partakes of roadkill cuisine. Tyree was Governor of Florida in the 1970s. He was everything desirable in a candidate: a native of Florida, a college football star, and a decorated Vietnam veteran. He was dazzlingly handsome, charismatic, and articulate. He was also a former English professor at the University of Florida, though politically most people saw this as a handicap rather than an asset. To the","title":"Clinton Tyree"},{"docid":"6579495","text":"Nephew, Sammy Tigertail.) Clinton Tyree Clinton Tyree, a.k.a. Skink, is a fictional character who has appeared in several novels by Carl Hiaasen, beginning with \"Double Whammy\" in 1987. He is an opponent of sprawl and development, and partakes of roadkill cuisine. Tyree was Governor of Florida in the 1970s. He was everything desirable in a candidate: a native of Florida, a college football star, and a decorated Vietnam veteran. He was dazzlingly handsome, charismatic, and articulate. He was also a former English professor at the University of Florida, though politically most people saw this as a handicap rather than an","title":"Clinton Tyree"},{"docid":"10977627","text":"Chuck Goggin Charles Francis Goggin (born July 7, 1945 in Pompano Beach, Florida) is a former utility player in Major League Baseball who played with three teams from to and is the most decorated Vietnam War veteran to play Major League Baseball. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1972–73), Atlanta Braves (1973) and Boston Red Sox (1974). A pinch hitter and versatile player with a good throwing arm, Goggin made 35 appearances in all, mostly at second base, at 22 games. He also played 5 games each in left field and shortstop, two games as a backup catcher and a","title":"Chuck Goggin"},{"docid":"10812767","text":"Storrs Alden, head of the English, History and Government Departments at the US Naval Academy and author of several books about US naval history; Harriet Pierce Graham, who married Rear Admiral Archibald Henderson Scales, Superintendent of the US Naval Academy; and Lieut William Montrose Graham. William Montrose Graham Jr. William Montrose Graham Jr. (September 28, 1834 – January 16, 1916), was a career soldier in the United States Army, reaching the rank of major general. He was a veteran of both the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War. Graham was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Colonel James","title":"William Montrose Graham Jr."},{"docid":"3102059","text":"naval stock footage of the and a prop shooting miniature. \"Fletcher\" was one of the most decorated ships in US Navy history. Over the closing credits a music video is shown of the Village People and the film's cast performing \"In the Navy\" aboard the \"Stingray\". \"Down Periscope\" had its US theatrical release on March 1, 1996. The film grossed $25,785,603 domestically and $37,553,752 worldwide. The film was released five months later on home video on August 6, 1996. Critical reception for the film was generally negative. At review aggregation website \"Rotten Tomatoes\", the film has a score 12% from","title":"Down Periscope"},{"docid":"17790300","text":"near Young's father's ancestral village in Doumen District, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China. The museum bears Col. Young's Chinese name: The \"Zhaozhen\" Museum. John C. Young John Chew Young (; June 16, 1912 – October 27, 1987), Chinese American, was born in San Jose, California. A key figure in the development of Chinatown, San Francisco, he was one of the original board members of the Chinese Historical Society of America, and a decorated American World War II army veteran of the China Burma India Theater. Celebrated as one of the 20 individuals from San Francisco history \"who was heroic in stature","title":"John C. Young"},{"docid":"18434191","text":"Robin Whetherly Robin Evelyn Whetherly MC (23 July 1916 – 27 November 1943) was an English first-class cricketer and soldier who died in action in World War II. The son of Lieutenant Colonel William Stobart Whetherly, a decorated veteran of the Boer War and World War I, Whetherly was educated at Harrow School, where he kept wicket for the first XI in his final year, 1935, before going up to Magdalen College, Oxford, to read history. He played several matches as a wicket-keeper for Oxford University in 1937 and 1938, but was overlooked for the annual match against Cambridge University","title":"Robin Whetherly"},{"docid":"11250418","text":"Antulio Segarra Colonel Antulio Segarra (January 20, 1906 – September 14, 1999), was a United States Army officer who in 1943 became the first Puerto Rican in history to command a Regular Army Regiment. Segarra served as Military Aide to the Military Governor of Puerto Rico Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. and during World War II commanded the 65th Infantry Regiment. Segarra (birth name: Antulio Segarra Guiot ) was born in Cayey, Puerto Rico where he received his primary and secondary education. His father was Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Segarra, a highly decorated World War I veteran. In 1923, Segarra received an appointment","title":"Antulio Segarra"},{"docid":"9305486","text":"answer. Most of all, to be remembered as a man who loved his family, his country and the sport of racing.\" Bud Moore (NASCAR owner) Walter Maynard \"Bud\" Moore Jr. (May 25, 1925 – November 27, 2017) was a NASCAR car owner who operated the Bud Moore Engineering team. A decorated veteran of World War II, he described himself as \"an old country mechanic who loved to make 'em run fast\". Moore served in World War II as a member of the United States Army. A machine gunner, he participated in the Normandy landings as part of the 4th Infantry","title":"Bud Moore (NASCAR owner)"},{"docid":"18544892","text":"The New York Times Book Review the novelist Lawrence Osborne wrote \"One could argue that the most vital literary terrain in America’s overseas wars is now occupied not by journalists but by novelists...Elliot Ackerman is certainly one of those novelists...He has created people who are not the equivalents of the locally exotic subjects in your average NPR story, and he has used them to populate a fascinating and topical novel.\" The novel was a finalist for the National Book Award in 2017. He was a featured author at the Miami Book Fair in 2017. Ackerman is a decorated veteran, having","title":"Elliot Ackerman"},{"docid":"3448682","text":"graduation, he received the Earl Rudder Award, which is given to two outstanding seniors. Edwards was the Chairman of the 18th MSC Student Conference on National Affairs Conference, where he helped to bring Vice President Walter Mondale and businessman Ross Perot to campus. After graduation, Edwards worked as an aide to Congressman Olin E. Teague for three years. “Tiger” Teague was the most decorated World War II veteran in Congress, known for 32 years as “Mr. Veteran.” This mentorship later influenced Edwards’ work in Congress on Veterans Affairs. When Teague announced his retirement in 1978, Edwards ran in the Democratic","title":"Chet Edwards"},{"docid":"19433322","text":"Luis J. Landin Luis Jorge Landin (May 26, 1930 – August 26, 2010), was a Mexican-American Korean War and Vietnam War veteran who has received numerous decorations for his bravery in both wars. Landin completed three tours of combat duty while in Vietnam and is known as Laredo's most decorated war hero. Landin enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1948, where he was a combat infantrymen. Within a couple of years into his enlistment, he began his first tour of duty in Korea in late 1951. Landin would become one of the first U.S advisers to the Vietnamese Army Ranger","title":"Luis J. Landin"},{"docid":"5745059","text":"Hungarian editions. The publication of Tobak's Puma book sparked unexpectedly great public interest in the history of pre-1945 Hungarian aviation and air force, which was a strictly banned subject during the communist bloc era. Tibor Tobak quickly became the key personality representing and organizing veteran Hungarian military aviators. He wrote several more short stories commemorating the service of Hungarian bomber and aerial reconnaissance units in World War II. He was decorated and promoted to the rank of a colonel (retired) by the democratic government for his work in preserving an important part of Hungarian military history. Tobak's Puma book is","title":"Tibor Tobak"},{"docid":"5973383","text":"the clubs foundation year (1965). The club has a loyal following in the city. Their ultras are known as ‘Tarzanlar’, named after a local hero known as ‘Manisa Tarzanı’ (Tarzan of Manisa). He was a veteran of WW1 decorated with military honors who gave up his privileges, giving all his money to the poor, to commit his life to the reforrestation of Manisa after most of the city's trees and green areas were burned down during WW1. Manisaspor Manisaspor is a professional Turkish football club located in the city of Manisa. Originally formed in 1931 as Sakaryaspor, the club changed","title":"Manisaspor"},{"docid":"7937519","text":"with his grief and concern for his neighbours and friends, who might be looking out their windows. Though he was probably Canada's most honoured journalist, an initiate Officer of the Order of Canada, and decorated as both a fighting soldier and as a war correspondent, Clark's work is currently out of print. In 1981, \"The Life and Times of Gregory Clark, Canada's Favorite Storyteller\", by fellow journalist Jock Carroll, was published by Doubleday. Greg Clark (journalist) Gregory Clark, (25 September 1892 – 3 February 1977) was a Canadian war veteran, journalist, and humourist. In 1967, he was made one of","title":"Greg Clark (journalist)"},{"docid":"6779350","text":"area as Rolling Bay is also considered acceptable. Like most of Bainbridge Island, Rolling Bay is a relatively affluent community with a primarily residential slant. The Rolling Bay post office was renamed The Bud Hawk Post Office on February 26, 2010. Bud Hawk grew up in Rolling Bay who roaming its woods as a kid 80 years ago. He became a decorated World War II veteran, earning the Medal of Honor and four Purple Hearts while fighting in Europe as a U.S. Army machine-gunner. After the war, he was a longtime Kitsap County educator. The ZIP code 98061 only serves","title":"Rolling Bay, Bainbridge Island, Washington"},{"docid":"20951195","text":"Ronald R. Van Stockum Ronald Reginald Van Stockum (Born July 8, 1916) is a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Brigadier General. A veteran of Bougainville and Guam campaigns, Van Stockum is most noted for his service as Director, Marine Corps Reserve and later as Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific (Forward) on Okinawa during the Vietnam War. He was born as Ronald Reginald Bareham on July 8, 1916 in Newton, Cambridgeshire, England as the son of Reginald George and Florence Freestone Bareham. He never met his father, who was killed in action, while","title":"Ronald R. Van Stockum"},{"docid":"13451233","text":"Patrick K. O'Donnell Patrick K. O’Donnell is a best-selling American author who has written eleven books on military history. His most recent book is \"The Unknowns: The Untold Story of America's Unknown Soldier and WWI's Most Decorated Heroes Who Brought Him Home\". He received the Colby Circle Award for Outstanding Military History for his best-selling book, \"Beyond Valour\". His other works include \"Washington's Immortals: The Untold Story of an Elite Regiment Who Changed the Course of the Revolution\";\"First SEALs: The Untold Story of the Forging of America's Most Elite Unit\";\"Into the Rising Sun\"; \"Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs\"; \"We Were One:","title":"Patrick K. O'Donnell"},{"docid":"13579055","text":"100/442nd RCT (The most decorated unit in American History) as well as of the Texas 141st Regiment of the US 36th Division (The famous Fort Alamo Regiment). Note: Some of these books are reprints or translations of books already listed. Also, one or more ISBNs appear to be reused from book to book, at least according to worldcat.org. Grand son of Charles Etienne (FFI) Deputy Mayor of Bruyeres who erected the first Memorial to the 100th/442nd in Bruyeres in 1947. Son of Renee Etienne (FFI) and Max-Henri Moulin (FFI) and member of the Office of Strategic Service. Legion of Merit","title":"Pierre Moulin"},{"docid":"14379943","text":"Wes Moore Westley \"Wes\" Watende Omari Moore (born October 15, 1978) is the CEO of Robin Hood, the largest anti-poverty nonprofit in New York City. He is an American author, social entrepreneur, television producer, and decorated US Army combat veteran. He is the author of \"The Other Wes Moore\" and \"The Work\", both of which are New York Times Bestsellers. He was also the host for \"Beyond Belief\" on the Oprah Winfrey Network, as well as the executive producer and a writer for \"Coming Back with Wes Moore\" on PBS. Moore is the Founder and CEO of BridgeEdU. BridgeEdU is","title":"Wes Moore"},{"docid":"13804686","text":"of the 442nd RCT were previously interned Japanese Americans from the continental United States, commanded by mostly white officers. The combat chronicle of the regiment became a highly storied one, resulting in it becoming one of the most decorated units in the European Theater, taking part in numerous actions in Italy, France and Germany, including the liberation of Dachau concentration camp. The 442nd Regiment was the most decorated unit for its size and length of service in the history of American warfare. The 4,000 men who initially made up the unit in April 1943 had to be replaced nearly 2.5","title":"Military history of Asian Americans"},{"docid":"18927823","text":"2006, Arvin was selected to be honored as Kentucky Women Remembered and her portrait hangs in an exhibit at the Kentucky State Capital Rotunda. Mary Willie Arvin Margaret (Mary) Willie Arvin ( April 21, 1879 – September 9, 1947) was a nurse from Henderson, Kentucky who served in the First World War in France at a British Army Hospital, and was one of the few women who was honored by all three of the major allied countries, France, Britain and the United States. Arvin was the most decorated Kentucky woman veteran serving in World War I. She was awarded the","title":"Mary Willie Arvin"},{"docid":"18927817","text":"Mary Willie Arvin Margaret (Mary) Willie Arvin ( April 21, 1879 – September 9, 1947) was a nurse from Henderson, Kentucky who served in the First World War in France at a British Army Hospital, and was one of the few women who was honored by all three of the major allied countries, France, Britain and the United States. Arvin was the most decorated Kentucky woman veteran serving in World War I. She was awarded the British Royal Red Cross (2nd Associate) Medal, the U. S. Army citation for exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous service (later exchanged for a Purple Heart),","title":"Mary Willie Arvin"},{"docid":"20433267","text":"Charles Henry Byce Charles Henry Byce (March 9, 1916 – November 20, 1994) was a Cree-Canadian soldier and one of the most highly decorated Canadian World War II veterans. Byce was born on March 8, 1916, in Chapleau, Ontario, to Louisa Saylors, of Cree descent from Moose Factory, Ontario, and Henry Charles Byce of Westmeath, Ontario. His father was a World War I veteran who had been awarded a Distinguished Conduct Medal and a French Médaille militaire. Despite his relatively small frame, Byce, who was 5 foot 6 and 125 pounds, joined the Canadian military in the early 1940s, becoming","title":"Charles Henry Byce"},{"docid":"4859458","text":"installer. In the 2016 US Election, McGill narrated several commercials for President Donald Trump during his campaign It was reported in February 2017 that he would guest star as a decorated Vietnam War veteran in the American action police procedural television series \"NCIS\". McGill currently is the narrator for the Fox News series Scandalous. Bruce McGill Bruce Travis McGill (born July 11, 1950) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his work with director Michael Mann in the movies \"The Insider\" (1999), \"Ali\" (2001), and \"Collateral\" (2004). McGill's other notable film roles include Daniel Simpson \"D-Day\" Day","title":"Bruce McGill"},{"docid":"8828883","text":"Baumann, as well as Olympic Champions Carly Patterson, Nastia Liukin and Madison Kocian. Edouard Iarov, former coach of Valeri Liukin, the USSR and Canadian national teams also trained gymnasts at the club. Since opening in 1994, WOGA has had a number of successes unprecedented in US gymnastics history, including placing more than 30 National Gymnastics Team members. They are the most decorated gymnastics club in the United States. In 2003, WOGA gymnasts won 2 individual medals and contributed to the first team gold for the US at the World Championships and 4 individual gold medals at the US National Gymnastics","title":"World Olympic Gymnastics Academy"},{"docid":"4432559","text":"after David of Sasun, the hero of an Armenian medieval epic, and Marshal Bagramyan. Outside of Armenia and the Soviet Union, Missak Manouchian was one of the leaders of the French Resistance. He was captured and executed by the Nazis in 1944, together with over 20 members of FTP-MOI Paris region led by Manouchian, and remains a much respected figure in modern French history. Decorated soldiers who fought in the United States Army include Ernest H. Dervishian (recipient of the Medal of Honor), Harry Kizirian (most decorated serviceman from Rhode Island and one of the most decorated marines of the","title":"World War II by country"},{"docid":"19433325","text":"wait for a medical evacuation aircraft. In 1968–69 he completed his third tour in Vietnam where he was ranked as a Sergeant Major for the 16th Infantry division. After his third and final tour in Vietnam, Sergeant Major Landin retired in 1973. Luis J. Landin Luis Jorge Landin (May 26, 1930 – August 26, 2010), was a Mexican-American Korean War and Vietnam War veteran who has received numerous decorations for his bravery in both wars. Landin completed three tours of combat duty while in Vietnam and is known as Laredo's most decorated war hero. Landin enlisted in the U.S. Army","title":"Luis J. Landin"},{"docid":"4020033","text":"for president in 2008, was running for his second term. Webb, a decorated Vietnam War veteran, writer and former Secretary of the Navy under Ronald Reagan won the Democratic nomination after being drafted by netroots activists, such as those at the blog Raising Kaine. Polls clearly favored Allen through mid-August, when he was caught on videotape on August 11 twice using an ethnic slur in reference to a Webb campaign volunteer, S.R. Sidarth, who is of Indian ancestry. Allen denied any prejudice in the comment, but his lead shrank considerably. Still, he led in most polls until late October, when","title":"2006 United States Senate elections"},{"docid":"7117429","text":"West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC). UPJ sponsors fifteen varsity men's and women's sports. Current university-sponsored varsity sports teams include: Men's sports Women's sports Perhaps the most prominent sport at UPJ is wrestling, which has had several top national finishes and won the Division II National Championships in 1996 and 1999. The wrestling program also includes several highly decorated wrestlers among its former athletes, including the most decorated wrestler in NCAA history, Carlton Haselrig, who went undefeated during his career and won three Division I and three Division II individual national championships. Men's Basketball is also successful and has advanced","title":"University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown"},{"docid":"19705014","text":"Kalyug (novel) Kalyug is the first novel of R Sreeram to be published. Released in 2014 by Westland Press's Tranquebar imprint (), \"Kalyug\" is about a bloodless coup in India in 2012 following the death of a decorated war veteran, Major General Iqbal Qureshi. Drawing parallels from the India of those days, \"Kalyug\" is part-satire, part-fiction and was noted for its subtle references to real-world incidents and characters. The death of a decorated war veteran, one of India's foremost military officials, triggers a chain of events that threatens to spiral out of control. The democratically elected government is overthrown and","title":"Kalyug (novel)"},{"docid":"10338743","text":"as a manager for several joint venture companies performing law enforcement work in support of the US Department of State and the Department of Justice. John B. Sylvester John B. Sylvester is a retired United States Army Lieutenant General and decorated veteran of the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. He is best known for his command of the famed Tiger Brigade of the 2nd Armored Division attached to the 2nd Marine Division in the first Gulf War, and his three tours of duty in the Balkans culminating as the commander of SFOR. Sylvester was awarded the Silver Star during Operation Desert","title":"John B. Sylvester"},{"docid":"14164936","text":"MyVetwork MyVetwork is an online community serving all members of the U.S. military — whether active duty, veteran or retired, and regardless of age or conflict — as well as their spouses, families and supporters. It was founded in 2008 by a group led by John R. Campbell, a decorated veteran Marine officer. Using a proprietary algorithmic process, MyVetwork provides service members and those who care about them with a means to connect with and support each other in ways that range from the lighthearted and entertaining to deep and meaningful connections. In the process, it is building an information","title":"MyVetwork"},{"docid":"18591041","text":"a runner-up finish in the men's long jump, cancer survivor Lawrence Brittain, who picked up a silver alongside his veteran partner Shaun Keeling in the men's rowing pair, and Henri Schoeman, who surprised the field by securing South Africa's first ever triathlon medal with a bronze in the men's race. Swimmers Cameron van der Burgh and Chad le Clos contributed three of the country's silver medals in the pool, with le Clos emerging as South Africa's most decorated Olympian of all-time at four medals (one gold and three silver) over two Games. Meanwhile, Sunette Viljoen rebounded from a disappointing 2012","title":"South Africa at the 2016 Summer Olympics"},{"docid":"20927972","text":"similar reservation segregation. Kommando 1944 Kommando 1944 is a short film depicting the Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. It was directed and written by Derek Quick. The film has won over 100 awards within its first month on the festival circuit around the world (September 2018) and is currently competing to break the Guinness World Records for short film wins. The film was Inspired by Quick's Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma Native American heritage as the grandchild of Charles, [Red Cedar] A. Todd, a US Army Korean War decorated combat veteran and a former Chief of the Ottawa","title":"Kommando 1944"},{"docid":"19307467","text":"James A. Helis Dr. James A. Helis is a retired United States Army colonel, a rear admiral in the United States Maritime Service and the twelfth Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy. A 1979 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and a decorated Afghanistan War veteran, Helis served thirty years in the United States Army, retiring at the rank of colonel. In 2012, Helis was commissioned a United States Maritime Service rear admiral and appointed Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy by US Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood. Helis served","title":"James A. Helis"},{"docid":"13451239","text":"combat veterans and the interested public. It includes more than 4,000 oral history interviews he has personally conducted with American veterans of wars from World War I to Iraq and Afghanistan. He is native of Westlake, Ohio, and attended American University for his undergraduate studies and Johns Hopkins for his graduate work. O'Donnell is represented by William Morris Endeavor (WME). Patrick K. O'Donnell Patrick K. O’Donnell is a best-selling American author who has written eleven books on military history. His most recent book is \"The Unknowns: The Untold Story of America's Unknown Soldier and WWI's Most Decorated Heroes Who Brought","title":"Patrick K. O'Donnell"},{"docid":"20863473","text":"fellowships with Brookings Institution’s Center for East Asia Policy Studies (CEAP) and the US-Korea Institute of the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University in Washington, D.C. LTG(R) Chun is married to Shim Hwa-Jin, former president of Sung-Shin Women’s University. The couple have two sons. Chun In-bum Lieutenant General (Ret.) Chun In-bum is a decorated South Korean Army veteran and authority on Korean politics and military relations. Chun was born September 6, 1958 in the South Korean capital city of Seoul. He moved to the United States of America at the age of seven with his mother,","title":"Chun In-bum"},{"docid":"15195369","text":"over a century. It was created to mark the Year of the Veteran in Canada. Carved by artist Jim Menken, the statue was modelled in the image of Bill Bettridge, a decorated veteran of the Second World War and survivor of Operation Overlord (the D-Day landings in Normandy, France) that led to the end of the war. It stands in silent tribute to the many men and women of Brampton who served – and continue to serve – Canada in wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping missions around the world. Gage Park, Brampton Gage Park is an urban park in Brampton, Ontario,","title":"Gage Park, Brampton"},{"docid":"19142982","text":"Earth\" is now owned by Ocean Blue Entertainment in partnership with 1492 Pictures, the same companies that produced \"The Young Messiah\". Nowrastehʼs success on the above projects led to producer Michael Emerson hiring him to pen a screenplay about Leigh Ann Hester, the most decorated female in American military history. Currently entitled \"Raven Four-Two\" the project has attracted support from the US Army and is scheduled for production in 2016. Nowrasteh is currently in talks to write two screenplays, one based on the Epic of Gilgamesh, and is ghostwriting a book to be published next year. His ambition is to","title":"Mark Nowrasteh"},{"docid":"14164938","text":"not-for-profit organization and makes its community available to members at no cost. MyVetwork MyVetwork is an online community serving all members of the U.S. military — whether active duty, veteran or retired, and regardless of age or conflict — as well as their spouses, families and supporters. It was founded in 2008 by a group led by John R. Campbell, a decorated veteran Marine officer. Using a proprietary algorithmic process, MyVetwork provides service members and those who care about them with a means to connect with and support each other in ways that range from the lighthearted and entertaining to","title":"MyVetwork"},{"docid":"19167170","text":"D. Porter, a Confederate veteran and former Tennessee governor, in 1902. Edith D. Pope, the second editor of the \"Confederate Veteran\" who was a leading member of the Nashville No. 1 chapter of the UDC, played a key role in its construction. Pope and other members of the UDC also made sure the college would teach a course on Southern history. The construction of Confederate Memorial Hall was supported by a US$50,000 donation from the UDC in 1933. The total cost of construction was $140,000. The building was completed in 1935. It was used as a residential building, where female","title":"Memorial Hall, Vanderbilt University"},{"docid":"16474514","text":"Kendall Gott Kendall D. Gott (born July 4, 1960) is an Army veteran of Desert Storm, the Senior Historian at the US Army Combat Studies Institute, and author of several works. He is most noted academically as a Civil War and general military history historian, and is a frequent speaker at various Civil War roundtables and staff rides. Gott is a native of Peoria, Illinois, and attended Rolling Acres Grade School (1974) and Richwoods High School (1978). He was active in scouting and attained the rank of Eagle Scout. He was a member of St. Paul Lutheran Church. Gott enlisted","title":"Kendall Gott"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"13803134\",\n \"text\": \"as 40 Cherokee men also used their native language for sensitive communications during World War II. Admiral Joseph \\\"Jocko\\\" Clark, an Oklahoma Cherokee, was a highly decorated admiral in the United States Navy for his command of aircraft carriers during World War II. Clark's rank was the highest achieved by a Native American in the US military. Second Lieutenant Billy Walkabout, an Oklahoma Cherokee from the Blue Clan, was the most-decorated Native American veteran of the Vietnam War. He served in the United States Army Company F, 58th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. The United Keetoowah Band Lighthorse Color Guard\",\n \"title\": \"Cherokee military history\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1316057\",\n \"text\": \"Americans have served and fought on behalf of the United States. Serving in both segregated and non-segregated units until the desegregation of the US Military in 1948, 31 have been awarded the nation's highest award for combat valor, the Medal of Honor. Twenty-one of these were conferred upon members of the mostly Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of World War II, the most highly decorated unit of its size in the history of the United States Armed Forces. The highest ranked Asian American military official was Secretary of Veteran Affairs, four-star general and Army\",\n \"title\": \"Asian Americans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15706215\",\n \"text\": \"Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo (1919–2001) was a Polish-born historian who specialized in 19th-century Polish history, a Polish resistance fighter who after 1945 had to live his life in exile in Britain and Canada, and a decorated veteran of the Polish Warsaw Uprising in August–September 1944. For most of his adult life he was a professor of History at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Stanisław Tylingo was born in Warsaw on 30 March 1919. His family were formerly owners of the estate Suderwa near Wilno (Vilnius), but because of participation in the Revolution of 1905 had lost that\",\n \"title\": \"Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15706233\",\n \"text\": \"Mary's University Archive, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Contains a full publication list and research activities of S. B-T. Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo (1919–2001) was a Polish-born historian who specialized in 19th-century Polish history, a Polish resistance fighter who after 1945 had to live his life in exile in Britain and Canada, and a decorated veteran of the Polish Warsaw Uprising in August–September 1944. For most of his adult life he was a professor of History at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Stanisław Tylingo was born in Warsaw on 30 March 1919. His family were formerly owners of\",\n \"title\": \"Stanisław Bóbr-Tylingo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8673200\",\n \"text\": \"warm memories of their childhood in Viator, and kept in touch in the post-war years. Throughout his life Arnulfo, the decorated war hero, veteran of some of the fiercest battles, and highly respected officer in the post-war army of Francoist Spain, spoke of his pacifist father as the 'greatest man who ever lived'. This is no paradox: it is testament to the courage and strength of character of both men, indicative of the complexities of civil war, and a victory for humanity over mere politics. It tells us that even in the most challenging circumstances the lasting strengths of the\",\n \"title\": \"José Brocca\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8546092\",\n \"text\": \"Highway\\\" in honor of Paul L. Bolden, a Medal of Honor recipient and Madison County's most-decorated World War II veteran. Beginning at its southern terminus, SR 53 assumes a slight northwesterly trajectory as it travels through Dothan, where it joins US 231, heading towards Montgomery. Between Dothan and Huntsville, SR 53 is the unsigned partner to US 231, however, only SR-53’s mile markers are present along the route. At Huntsville, SR 53 diverts from US 231 and once again becomes a signed route until it reaches its northern terminus just west of Ardmore at I-65/US 31 crossing several major roads\",\n \"title\": \"Alabama State Route 53\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13916558\",\n \"text\": \"military complex at Al Udeid Air Base and named it the Blatchford-Preston Complex, so that Sergeant Samuel Blatchford and General Maurice A. Preston would not be forgotten. Samuel Nathan Blatchford Samuel Nathan Blatchford (1925–2005) was an American soldier and civil engineer. He is the most decorated American Indian veteran to date. Blatchford's mother, Pauline Manuelito was the great-granddaughter of the great war chief Manuelito, who fought Kit Carson in the Navajo Wars (1869–63) and led his people in exile to the current Navajo Reservation. In 1941, Blatchford began his own journey as a warrior, enlisting into the US Army Air\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Nathan Blatchford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13916554\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel Nathan Blatchford Samuel Nathan Blatchford (1925–2005) was an American soldier and civil engineer. He is the most decorated American Indian veteran to date. Blatchford's mother, Pauline Manuelito was the great-granddaughter of the great war chief Manuelito, who fought Kit Carson in the Navajo Wars (1869–63) and led his people in exile to the current Navajo Reservation. In 1941, Blatchford began his own journey as a warrior, enlisting into the US Army Air Corps before World War II. At the age of 17, standing 5'9\\\" and weighing 130 pounds, it seemed unlikely that Samuel would make much of a name\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Nathan Blatchford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20327285\",\n \"text\": \"Reed Gershwind Reed Gershwind (born 17 May 1964) is a former US deaf swimmer who represented the United States at the Deaflympics and in other deaf championships. He holds the record for winning the most number of medals for United States at the Deaflympics with 30. He is ranked second among most number of medals earned by a Deaflympic athlete in history behind Terence Parkin's haul of 33. He is the most decorated US Deaflympic athlete. Gershwind was born deaf. He attended the Lexington School for the Deaf before switching to California School for the Deaf. His parents noticed his\",\n \"title\": \"Reed Gershwind\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18801836\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Tackaberry Thomas Howard Tackaberry (September 6, 1923 – April 3, 2017) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was a veteran of World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War and was a recipient of three Distinguished Service Crosses and served as Commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps from 1979 to 1981. Tackaberry is one of the highly decorated officers in the U.S. Army. He ranks among the 10 most decorated military servicemembers in the U.S. military history. In 1952, while serving as a company commander, he earned the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Tackaberry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7563870\",\n \"text\": \"to serve as the Chief of Naval Operations. As an admiral and later the 19th Chief of Naval Operations, Zumwalt played a major role in U.S. military history, especially during the Vietnam War. A highly decorated war veteran, Zumwalt reformed the US Navy's personnel policies in an effort to improve enlisted life and ease racial tensions. After he retired from a 32-year naval career, he launched an unsuccessful campaign for the United States Senate. The hull classification symbol for \\\"Zumwalt\\\" is DDG-1000, which departs from the guided missile destroyer numbering sequence that goes up to DDG-126, which , is ,\",\n \"title\": \"USS Zumwalt\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3912460\",\n \"text\": \"smaller Carnival celebrations in smaller towns and villages. Some of the most innovative carnival costumes came from kiddies carnival. Rosalind Gabriel, a 30 year veteran and the most decorated children's bandleader in the country's history, has sent her costumes to carnivals in North America and other Caribbean islands. Proving that Carnival not only has worldwide appeal to adults, but children too. A few specific characters have evolved during the history of Trinidad and Tobago's Carnival. Among these characters are: Trinidad and Tobago Carnival The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival is an annual event held on the Monday and Tuesday before Ash\",\n \"title\": \"Trinidad and Tobago Carnival\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7921132\",\n \"text\": \"Special emphasis is always given to the men and women who were wounded in action (WIA). <br> \\\"The Sergeants Major of the Army\\\", Daniel K. Elder, Center of Military History, United States Army Washington, D.C. 2003. Jack L. Tilley Jack L. Tilley is a highly-decorated military veteran and businessman. He served for almost 37 years in the United States Army, culminating in his appointment in 2000 as the 12th Sergeant Major of the Army, a post he held until his retirement on January 15, 2004. He was the last Vietnam War veteran to serve in that position. Tilley was born\",\n \"title\": \"Jack L. Tilley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7353142\",\n \"text\": \"served in the armed forces of the United States. A number of them were decorated for their service, including Col. Ernest Dervishian, a native of Virginia, who was awarded the Medal of Honor. US Marine Harry Kizirian is considered the most decorated soldier of the state of Rhode Island. Another Marine Captain, Victor Maghakian is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war. The highest-ranking Armenian-American during World War II was Brigadier General Haig Shekerjian (who had previously served in the Pancho Villa Expedition and as an American military attache in the Middle Eastern theater of World\",\n \"title\": \"Ethnic minorities in the US armed forces during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14473772\",\n \"text\": \"veteran of the US Marine Corps from 1967 through 1971, the most conflicted years of the war. The film focuses on real people McIntyre knew in the Marines, as well as experiences of Dr. Marvin Wayne, renowned and decorated physician at the 24th Evac in its final year. \\\"21 and a Wakeup\\\" has been described as \\\"an action packed drama that genuinely gets under the skin of its characters, showcasing the breathtaking beauty of Vietnam that most Americans have never seen.\\\" The film is based on real events, focusing on the lives of three young nurses, one of whom undertakes\",\n \"title\": \"21 and a Wake-Up\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3517192\",\n \"text\": \"on the enemy personnel.\\\" Williams is considered the most heavily decorated enlisted sailor in US Navy history. The US Navy posthumously named a guided missile destroyer, USS \\\"James E. Williams\\\", after him. Patrick Osborne Ford was a United States Navy sailor serving on a PBR patrol boat who was killed in Vietnam after he saved the lives of two of his shipmates. The US Navy posthumously awarded him the Navy Cross and later named a frigate, USS \\\"Ford\\\" (FFG-54), after him. A major part of the action in the 1979 movie Apocalypse Now takes place on a fictional United States\",\n \"title\": \"Patrol Boat, River\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9066198\",\n \"text\": \"speculator, developer, and (later) notorious wheeler-dealer John Peirce. Peirce was a colorful and flamboyant character, a decorated Union Army veteran wounded in the Civil War, and a major promoter during Sioux City's 19th Century boom years. Until fairly recently, Sioux City historians and civic promoters held Peirce in high esteem for his years of seeming dedication to the growth of Sioux City, especially of the North Side. More recent investigation has shown that in the end Peirce was a very clever scoundrel who actually got away with his crime. Like most other businessman, Peirce had been hurt very badly by\",\n \"title\": \"History of Sioux City, Iowa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11883424\",\n \"text\": \"5 Bronze Stars with Valor, 4 Army Commendation Medals, 5 Purple Hearts and 5 Air Medals (one each for every 5th mission which involved a helicopter). Otero Barreto has been called \\\"the most decorated Puerto Rican veteran,\\\" and the news media and various organizations have called him \\\"the most decorated soldier in the Vietnam War.\\\" Whatever the case, Otero Barreto remains one of the most decorated Vietnam War veterans, and possibly the most decorated U.S. soldier in the Vietnam War living today. On 22 June 2012, Otero Barreto was the keynote speaker at a Vietnam Veterans Memorial Dinner in Lorain,\",\n \"title\": \"Jorge Otero Barreto\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11826629\",\n \"text\": \"about the Filipinos in their midst changed when Filipinos both in the Philippines and the US fought fiercely and bravely alongside Americans. Two all-Filipino regiments of the US Army were among the most highly decorated of the war. Afterward, laws were changed, and many Manongs were able to marry and bring their brides to the US, starting families late in life and producing a generation of Filipino-Americans who knew little of their fathers' courageous struggles to survive in the US until they took college classes in Filipino-American history. By 1946, Stockton's Little Manila was home to the largest Filipino community\",\n \"title\": \"Little Manila, Stockton, California\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19437677\",\n \"text\": \"The Western Front (film) The Western Front is a 2010 American documentary film directed by Zachary Iscol, produced by Radha Agrawal and Zachary Iscol and written by Zachary Iscol. The film debuted at the TriBeCa Film Festival. Zach Iscol is a combat decorated Marine officer, Iraq veteran and entrepreneur, who served as the first officer in charge of Recruiting, Screening, Assessment, and Selection for the U.S. Marine Corps Forces - Special Operations Command. He is the executive director of the Headstrong Project, as well as founder and CEO of Hirepurpose. Based on the 2004 experience of Zachary Iscol, a US\",\n \"title\": \"The Western Front (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13875423\",\n \"text\": \"subspecies of pika, white-tailed prairie dog, the dwarf shrew, the Uinta ground squirrel, the Uinta chipmunk and the Wyoming pocket gopher. Tom Bell, founder of the Wyoming Outdoor Council, grew up on a ranch outside Lander during the Great Depression. He was born on April 12, 1924, descended from Civil War soldier Edward Alton, who moved to Milford, Wyoming, in 1878. Bell is a decorated World War II veteran, who flew with the 15th of the US Army's Air Forces on bombing missions throughout central and southern Europe. He successfully completed 32 combat sorties and earned the rank of 1st\",\n \"title\": \"Wyoming Outdoor Council\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20701768\",\n \"text\": \"George Doundoulakis George James Doundoulakis (October 19, 1921 – March 17, 2007) was a Greek American physicist and soldier who worked under British Intelligence during World War II with SOE agent Patrick Leigh Fermor, and then served with the OSS in Thessaly, Greece. He is known by his twenty-six US Patents in the fields of radar, electronics, and narrowband television. Doundoulakis is best remembered for the idea of suspending the antenna feed of the Arecibo radio telescope by cables and towers, eventually patented by his brother Helias Doundoulakis. A decorated veteran of World War II, Doundoulakis formed an underground resistance\",\n \"title\": \"George Doundoulakis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17710581\",\n \"text\": \"operate in the Middle East and the Pacific Ocean. \\\"Lewis B. Puller\\\" was operated by the Military Sealift Command and designation prefix was \\\"USNS.\\\" The crew consist of Department of the Navy civilian mariners . \\\"Lewis B. Puller\\\" is intended to replace \\\"USS Ponce\\\", the U.S. Navy's interim AFSB support ship. USNS \\\"Lewis B. Puller\\\" (T-ESB-3) is the second ship named after Lieutenant General Lewis Burwell \\\"Chesty\\\" Puller, USMC., the first being , an . A distinguished combat veteran of the Banana Wars, World War II and the Korean War, Puller is the most decorated individual in the history of\",\n \"title\": \"USS Lewis B. Puller (ESB-3)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20927971\",\n \"text\": \"Kommando 1944 Kommando 1944 is a short film depicting the Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. It was directed and written by Derek Quick. The film has won over 100 awards within its first month on the festival circuit around the world (September 2018) and is currently competing to break the Guinness World Records for short film wins. The film was Inspired by Quick's Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma Native American heritage as the grandchild of Charles, [Red Cedar] A. Todd, a US Army Korean War decorated combat veteran and a former Chief of the Ottawa Tribe who faced\",\n \"title\": \"Kommando 1944\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10080661\",\n \"text\": \"person, Billy Walkabout, a Cherokee full-blood who was the most highly decorated Indian veteran of the Vietnam War. One of his most famous paintings is \\\"Brothers Gone but Not Forgotten,\\\" an acrylic painting from 2000, which portrayed a grieving man in a wheelchair touching the Vietnam War Memorial and faint images of fallen comrades can be seen in man's reflection. In this painting, Talmadge painted the names of each of the 238 Native Americans who died in the Vietnam War. Davis' work was part of a traveling exhibit that was featured at the National Museum of the American Indian in\",\n \"title\": \"Talmadge Davis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1693812\",\n \"text\": \"painted the altarpiece of the mortuary chapel. The dome is decorated by Correggio. Mantegna was no less eminent as an engraver, though his history in that respect is somewhat obscure, partly because he never signed or dated any of his plates, but for a single disputed instance of 1472. The account which has come down to us from Vasari (who was, as usual, keen to assert that everything flows from Florence) is that Mantegna began engraving in Rome, prompted by the engravings produced by the Florentine Baccio Baldini after Sandro Botticelli. This is now considered most unlikely as it would\",\n \"title\": \"Andrea Mantegna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9204751\",\n \"text\": \"Harvey Possinger Harvey Possinger was the second most highly decorated US veteran of World War II. He received every medal for valor in combat except for the Medal of Honor which was promised to him by General Douglas MacArthur. However, his paperwork was lost and he never received the medal. Drafted in April 1942, he was able to skip basic training due to civilian military training and left the Continental United States in May. Possinger was assigned to B Company, 35th Infantry Regiment, of the 25th Infantry Division. The 25th Infantry was called into Guadalcanal to relieve the 1st Marine\",\n \"title\": \"Harvey Possinger\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20343479\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel and Henrietta Abeles, he was named after his grandfather, a renowned Orthodox rabbi who immigrated to the United States from Hungary in 1901. His father, a Hungarian Jew, was a decorated World War I veteran who used his pension to open up a retail business in Sheeps Head Bay. His mother was of Polish-Jewish descent and worked as a librarian before her marriage. After his parents divorced early on in his life, he moved to Myrtle Beach with his mother where she started a new life by opening up a rooming house called Paul's Guest House on US Highway\",\n \"title\": \"Sigmund Abeles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14855116\",\n \"text\": \"Cho-Ten Cho-Ten was a professional wrestling team that competed in New Japan Pro Wrestling on and off from February 1995 - September 2006. The team consisted of Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. Cho-Ten is one of the most decorated and successful tag teams in New Japan history. They held the IWGP Tag Team Championship a record 5 times and won the 1995 Super Grade Tag League. Cho-Ten first began teaming up on February 19, 1995 along with veteran Hiro Saito to defeat Hiroshi Hase, Kensuke Sasaki, & Riki Choshu. After forming their alliance, the three became known as \\\"Team Wolf\\\";\",\n \"title\": \"Cho-Ten\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14855126\",\n \"text\": \"and Tenzan reunited, alongside Hiro Saito, for Tenzan's 20th Anniversary Show, defeating Osamu Nishimura, Shinjiro Otani, and Koji Kanemoto. Cho-Ten Cho-Ten was a professional wrestling team that competed in New Japan Pro Wrestling on and off from February 1995 - September 2006. The team consisted of Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. Cho-Ten is one of the most decorated and successful tag teams in New Japan history. They held the IWGP Tag Team Championship a record 5 times and won the 1995 Super Grade Tag League. Cho-Ten first began teaming up on February 19, 1995 along with veteran Hiro Saito to\",\n \"title\": \"Cho-Ten\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9071732\",\n \"text\": \"John Plaster John L. Plaster (born 1949) is a former United States Army Special Forces officer regarded as one of the leading sniper experts in the world. A decorated Vietnam War veteran who served in the covert Studies and Observations Group (SOG), Plaster co-founded a renowned sniper school that trains military and law enforcement personnel in highly specialized sniper tactics. He is the author of \\\"The Ultimate Sniper: An Advanced Training Manual for Military and Police Snipers\\\", \\\"The History of Sniping and Sharpshooting\\\", and \\\"Secret Commandos: Behind Enemy Lines with the Elite Warriors of SOG\\\", a memoir of his 3\",\n \"title\": \"John Plaster\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20288040\",\n \"text\": \"member of the historic 2009 World Champion US National Bench Press Team. Stewart has competed in powerlifting and bench pressing for over 17 years. He has won seven US National Bench Press Championship Gold Medals. He is the most decorated and dominant 120 kg / 264 lbs bench presser in the history of this sport in the United States. He has earned 3 bronze medals, 1 silver medal, and 7 gold medals in national championship competition. Brady is the only US athlete in his weight class to have medaled in World Championship Competition with a team Gold (TEAM USA) \\\"(Hamm,\",\n \"title\": \"Brady Stewart\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9031650\",\n \"text\": \"put the number of Serbian Americans at more than 350,000. Serbian-born population in the US since 2010: Notable Serbian Americans among others include recipients of the Medal of Honor such as World War I veteran Jake Allex. In 1905, Rade Grbitch, a Serb from South Chicago, was awarded the Medal of Honor by the United States Navy for heroic action on the Pacific Coast (Interim Awards, 1901-1911). The most decorated Serbian veterans of World War II were Mitchell Paige and John W. Minick, both recipients of the Medal of Honor, and George Musulin, an officer of the Office of Strategic\",\n \"title\": \"Serbian Americans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14717395\",\n \"text\": \"twenty-five, died of cancer. The couple resided in Ruston and had two children, Sherard Thompson Lewis of Little Rock and Richard Howard Thompson of Houston. Thompson spent his later years in Monroe in Ouachita Parish with his second wife, Marie Meade Thompson (born April 1936), the former wife of the historian Carroll Wade Meade (1932-2015) of Tyler, Texas, a decorated veteran of the Korean War, a specialist in ancient history, and the author of five history books who was reared in Pollock in Grant Parish in Central Louisiana. Meade was a member of the Louisiana Tech faculty from 1967 to\",\n \"title\": \"William Y. Thompson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14929555\",\n \"text\": \"James W. Huston (author) James Webb Huston (October 26, 1953 – April 14, 2016) was an American author and lawyer, best known for his popular military and legal thrillers. A graduate of TOPGUN, he served as a naval flight officer and worked in naval intelligence before going on to become a \\\"New York Times\\\" best-selling author. Huston was born and grew up in West Lafayette, Indiana. His father, James A. Huston, was a Purdue University history professor and highly decorated World War II veteran who published several books on military and diplomatic history. In 2009, James A. Huston was awarded\",\n \"title\": \"James W. Huston (author)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7820835\",\n \"text\": \"War Stories with Oliver North War Stories was a military history program on Fox News, hosted by Oliver North, a decorated Marine Corps officer, Vietnam war veteran, and key participant of the Iran–Contra affair. The program covered a number of different stories relating to war and national defense, featuring individuals who were directly involved with the topic covered in the episode. Each episode focused on one of three areas: The episodes were often based on current events; the episode which aired August 6, 2006 featured the history of Fidel Castro's rise to power (in light of Castro's temporary relinquishment of\",\n \"title\": \"War Stories with Oliver North\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4269022\",\n \"text\": \"James E. Williams James Elliott \\\"Willie\\\" Williams (November 13, 1930 – October 13, 1999) was a Cherokee Indian and an honorary United States Navy chief boatswain's mate who was awarded the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War. Boatswain's Mate First Class Williams was one of 32 Native Americans to receive the medal and is considered to be the most decorated enlisted man in the history of the US Navy. Williams was born in Fort Mill, South Carolina and moved two months later with his parents to Darlington, South Carolina where he spent his early childhood and youth. He attended\",\n \"title\": \"James E. Williams\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19667386\",\n \"text\": \"taught to work hard, to achieve beyond their potential, and to give back to the community. Lee was fond of saying, \\\"if your opponent does 200 kicks, then you must do 300 kicks. Make no excuses.\\\" Sang Chul Lee is the most decorated US Olympic Taekwondo Head coach in history. Although Taekwondo was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, his US team won 11 medals, including 3 gold, more than any other US Taekwondo Olympic Team. Lee's coaching success was not easy. In the late 1970s, the US Taekwondo Team was unranked in the world. According to\",\n \"title\": \"Sang Chul Lee (taekwondo)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12636454\",\n \"text\": \"responsibilities included establishing emergency deployment march tables for the US Army V Corps in event of a Warsaw Pact offensive. Ralph's final deployment back to the US took him to the US Armed Forces School of Music, located at the US Naval Amphibious Base (Little Creek), Norfolk, VA. Promoted to Master Sergeant, MSG Bowerman was assigned to the joint services school as Senior Enlisted Director, Training Development, US Army Element. Ralph retired in 1980 after 23-year's service, a decorated veteran and recipient of the Meritorious Service Medal and Bronze Star Medal. Following a period of declining health, Ralph died at\",\n \"title\": \"Ralph Lee Bowerman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7291421\",\n \"text\": \"for their service, including Col. Ernest Dervishian, a native of Virginia, who was awarded the Medal of Honor. US Marine Harry Kizirian is considered the most decorated soldier of the state of Rhode Island. Another Marine Captain, Victor Maghakian is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war. The highest-ranking Armenian-American during World War II was Brigadier General Haig Shekerjian (who had previously served in the Pancho Villa Expedition and as an American military attache in the Middle Eastern theater of World War I). He was appointed Commanding General of Camp Sibert, Alabama, which was used extensively\",\n \"title\": \"Armenian Americans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5853808\",\n \"text\": \"their functions were absorbed into the office of the Commissioner of Baseball. A decorated veteran of two wars, a noted baseball player who served on five championship teams, an accomplished physician, and the former President of the American League, Brown is considered to have few equals in the history of major league baseball. He is a regular at the Yankees' annual Old-Timers' Day celebrations. On March 27, 1957, Brown was a contestant on the game show \\\"To Tell The Truth\\\". Repeats of the episode are occasionally broadcast on the Game Show Network and can also be seen on YouTube. Brown's\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Brown (third baseman)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17790292\",\n \"text\": \"John C. Young John Chew Young (; June 16, 1912 – October 27, 1987), Chinese American, was born in San Jose, California. A key figure in the development of Chinatown, San Francisco, he was one of the original board members of the Chinese Historical Society of America, and a decorated American World War II army veteran of the China Burma India Theater. Celebrated as one of the 20 individuals from San Francisco history \\\"who was heroic in stature and who contributed significantly to the building of the San Francisco we know today...An Engineer from Stanford University, Young devoted himself to\",\n \"title\": \"John C. Young\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8601207\",\n \"text\": \"Rolf Weinberg Rolf Weinberg (6 March 1919 – 23 June 2011) was a Second World War veteran who fought with the Free French Forces. He was the highest decorated Jewish officer in the Free French, having been awarded the Médaille militaire. Weinberg was born in the small Westphalian town of Herford in Germany to a Jewish family. His father was an Iron Cross decorated veteran of the Great War, and the director of the family's local chocolate factory. In 1936, Weinberg's mother secured him the position of an apprentice in a knitting machine factory of a Jewish family in Stuttgart,\",\n \"title\": \"Rolf Weinberg\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18007781\",\n \"text\": \"fellow-conscript Percy (Caleb Landry Jones). Though most of their intake are sent off to fight in the Korean War, he and Percy are made sergeants and spend their days teaching typing. The bane of their life is Sergeant-Major Bradley (David Thewlis), a decorated veteran of World War II who is obsessive about doing things by the book. An ally against Bradley is the orderly Redmond (Pat Shortt), who teaches them the military arts of \\\"skiving\\\" (evading work). However, Bradley succeeds in getting Bill charged with subverting a private's will to fight by telling him some truths about Korea. The case\",\n \"title\": \"Queen and Country (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20863469\",\n \"text\": \"Chun In-bum Lieutenant General (Ret.) Chun In-bum is a decorated South Korean Army veteran and authority on Korean politics and military relations. Chun was born September 6, 1958 in the South Korean capital city of Seoul. He moved to the United States of America at the age of seven with his mother, who was serving as a South Korean diplomat, and spent four and a half years in New York City before returning to Korea in 1969 to finish high school. He was accepted to the Korea Military Academy (KMA) in 1977. There, he studied military history and was commissioned\",\n \"title\": \"Chun In-bum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16791211\",\n \"text\": \"An Age of Kings An Age of Kings is a fifteen-part serial adaptation of the eight sequential history plays of William Shakespeare (\\\"Richard II\\\", \\\"1 Henry IV\\\", \\\"2 Henry IV\\\", \\\"Henry V\\\", \\\"1 Henry VI\\\", \\\"2 Henry VI\\\", \\\"3 Henry VI\\\" and \\\"Richard III\\\"), produced by the BBC in 1960. At the time, the show was the most ambitious Shakespearean television adaptation ever made, and was a critical and commercial success in both the UK and the US. The concept for the series originated in 1959 with Peter Dews, a veteran BBC producer and director, who was inspired by a\",\n \"title\": \"An Age of Kings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"303521\",\n \"text\": \"Secret Intelligence agent, he was dispatched to seek information on German physicist Werner Heisenberg and his knowledge on the atomic bomb. One of the most highly decorated and flamboyant OSS soldiers was US Marine Colonel Peter Ortiz. Enlisting early in the war, as a French Foreign Legionnaire, he went on to join the OSS and earn the title of the most highly decorated US Marine in the OSS during World War II. Julia Child, who later authored cookbooks worked directly under Donovan. \\\"Jumping Joe\\\" Savoldi (code name Sampson) was recruited by the OSS in 1942 because of his hand-to-hand combat\",\n \"title\": \"Office of Strategic Services\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9283691\",\n \"text\": \"His actions in this fight alone surpassed the highly decorated US Army soldier Audie Murphy, who was credited with 240 kills during World War II, and who had been the second most decorated US soldier in the war. Once he returned to his unit, Kouma attempted to resupply his tank and return to the front lines. Instead, the wounded Kouma was ordered to evacuate for medical treatment. As he was being evacuated, Kouma again requested to return to the front lines. Kouma was returned to duty three days later. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to master sergeant, and evacuated to\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest R. Kouma\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1721547\",\n \"text\": \"in her youth. She once could be described as feisty as well as a youthful ragamuffin, although she has become more conventional with age. Lucrezia \\\"Rezia\\\" Smith is Septimus' Italian wife. She is burdened by his mental illness and believes she is judged because of it. During most of the novel she is homesick for her family and country, which she left to marry Septimus after the Armistice. Septimus Warren Smith is a World War I veteran who suffers from \\\"shell shock\\\" and hallucinations of his deceased friend, Evans. Educated and decorated in the war, he is detached from society\",\n \"title\": \"Mrs Dalloway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7469994\",\n \"text\": \"The battalion provided valuable information to the Division since they had been in country since September and was pleased to rejoin their higher command, the 6th Marine Regt. The 6th Marines was command by Col Lawrence H. \\\"Rhino 6\\\" Livingston, a highly decorated Vietnam Veteran, winning the Navy Cross, Silver Star, four Bronze stars and five purple hearts respectively. LtCol Thomas S. Jones, who command 1/6 was a decorated combat veteran of Vietnam himself and had served an exchange tour with the 42 Commando British Royal Marines, was well suited for the task at hand. He was well respected throughout\",\n \"title\": \"1st Battalion, 6th Marines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17873409\",\n \"text\": \"USS Liberty Alliance, succeeding in 2013 Rear Admiral Clarence “Mark” Hill and Admiral Thomas Moorer, a former Chief of Naval Operations and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The USS Liberty is the US Navy Spy ship that is the most highly decorated ship in the history of the US Navy in a single action. Wells was made an honorary crew member in 2013 at a special ceremony by the surviving crew members of the USS Liberty and Veterans Association to honor his work in intelligence, research, analysis, and publications regarding the June War of 1967, and support for\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Wells\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11777313\",\n \"text\": \"Chorus. July 2, 1988: GMCW sang at the funeral of Leonard Matlovich, a decorated Vietnam veteran who was discharged from the Air Force in 1975 for declaring his homosexuality. Oct. 15, 1989: The Chorus was allowed to participate in the AIDS Healing Service at the Washington National Cathedral under its own name after a significant struggle for recognition. GMCW was asked to participate in the 1988 service, only to have the invitation “rescinded because the Episcopal hierarchy deemed us too ‘political’,” according to one member. (While they did participate, it was not under the GMCW name.) Chorus leadership pursued the\",\n \"title\": \"Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, D.C.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8508322\",\n \"text\": \"services prior to eating. During this time, the local Buffalo TV channels updated the story every night on their news broadcasts. In 1990, Kleasen moved to Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, England. He married local woman Marie Longley, who he met as a pen pal while living in the US. He ingratiated himself with local residents, and began to amass a huge gun collection. A shooting club member became suspicious of Kleasen's claims of being a decorated military veteran and CIA agent, and confirmed from U.S. military officials that Kleasen had never served in the U.S. armed forces. This information was passed on\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Elmer Kleason\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11912909\",\n \"text\": \"world to qualify for an Olympic fencing team. Olympic Results Round 1 - Arlene Stevens (US) def. Zahra Gamir (Algeria) 5-2 Round 2 - Ildikó Mincza (Hungary) def. Arlene Stevens (US) 11-8 Stevens is 5'11\\\" Is left handed Is of European and Chinese descent. Also practiced ballet and gymnastics. Arlene Stevens Arlene Stevens (born February 20, 1981) is a retired American epee fencer. Stevens is lauded as \\\"one of the most decorated fencers in program history,\\\" at St. John's University. Stevens competed while attending St. John's University, from 1999-2003. 4 time All-American fencer. Silver medalist at the NCAA Championships in\",\n \"title\": \"Arlene Stevens\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12657254\",\n \"text\": \"Short track speed skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics Short track speed skating at the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum, Vancouver, British Columbia on 13–26 February 2010. China dominated the competition, sweeping the women's events - winning gold in the 500 m, 1,000 m 1,500 m and 3000 m relay. Wang Meng won three gold medals becoming the most accomplished female short track speed skater in Olympic history and Apolo Ohno became the most decorated Winter Olympian in US history with 8 medals. Haralds Silovs of Latvia became the first athlete in Olympic history to participate\",\n \"title\": \"Short track speed skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13691759\",\n \"text\": \"scenes were shot at Marks Gate, London. Harry Brown is an elderly pensioner who was once a decorated Royal Marine, and a veteran of Northern Ireland. He lives on a London council estate ruled by violent gangs and spends most of his time playing chess with his friend, Len Attwell, at a local pub owned by Sid Rourke. When the hospital phones to tell him that his wife, Kath, is dying, Harry is too late because he is scared to take a shortcut through a narrow underpass, where a gang holds court. His wife is laid to rest next to\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Brown (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10977629\",\n \"text\": \"Bronze Star and the Purple Heart and served under the famous Marine Col John Ripley. Following his career in baseball, Goggin resided in Nashville, Tennessee and served as U.S. Marshal for the Middle District of Tennessee. Chuck Goggin Charles Francis Goggin (born July 7, 1945 in Pompano Beach, Florida) is a former utility player in Major League Baseball who played with three teams from to and is the most decorated Vietnam War veteran to play Major League Baseball. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1972–73), Atlanta Braves (1973) and Boston Red Sox (1974). A pinch hitter and versatile player with\",\n \"title\": \"Chuck Goggin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6579482\",\n \"text\": \"Clinton Tyree Clinton Tyree, a.k.a. Skink, is a fictional character who has appeared in several novels by Carl Hiaasen, beginning with \\\"Double Whammy\\\" in 1987. He is an opponent of sprawl and development, and partakes of roadkill cuisine. Tyree was Governor of Florida in the 1970s. He was everything desirable in a candidate: a native of Florida, a college football star, and a decorated Vietnam veteran. He was dazzlingly handsome, charismatic, and articulate. He was also a former English professor at the University of Florida, though politically most people saw this as a handicap rather than an asset. To the\",\n \"title\": \"Clinton Tyree\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6579495\",\n \"text\": \"Nephew, Sammy Tigertail.) Clinton Tyree Clinton Tyree, a.k.a. Skink, is a fictional character who has appeared in several novels by Carl Hiaasen, beginning with \\\"Double Whammy\\\" in 1987. He is an opponent of sprawl and development, and partakes of roadkill cuisine. Tyree was Governor of Florida in the 1970s. He was everything desirable in a candidate: a native of Florida, a college football star, and a decorated Vietnam veteran. He was dazzlingly handsome, charismatic, and articulate. He was also a former English professor at the University of Florida, though politically most people saw this as a handicap rather than an\",\n \"title\": \"Clinton Tyree\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10977627\",\n \"text\": \"Chuck Goggin Charles Francis Goggin (born July 7, 1945 in Pompano Beach, Florida) is a former utility player in Major League Baseball who played with three teams from to and is the most decorated Vietnam War veteran to play Major League Baseball. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1972–73), Atlanta Braves (1973) and Boston Red Sox (1974). A pinch hitter and versatile player with a good throwing arm, Goggin made 35 appearances in all, mostly at second base, at 22 games. He also played 5 games each in left field and shortstop, two games as a backup catcher and a\",\n \"title\": \"Chuck Goggin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10812767\",\n \"text\": \"Storrs Alden, head of the English, History and Government Departments at the US Naval Academy and author of several books about US naval history; Harriet Pierce Graham, who married Rear Admiral Archibald Henderson Scales, Superintendent of the US Naval Academy; and Lieut William Montrose Graham. William Montrose Graham Jr. William Montrose Graham Jr. (September 28, 1834 – January 16, 1916), was a career soldier in the United States Army, reaching the rank of major general. He was a veteran of both the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War. Graham was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Colonel James\",\n \"title\": \"William Montrose Graham Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3102059\",\n \"text\": \"naval stock footage of the and a prop shooting miniature. \\\"Fletcher\\\" was one of the most decorated ships in US Navy history. Over the closing credits a music video is shown of the Village People and the film's cast performing \\\"In the Navy\\\" aboard the \\\"Stingray\\\". \\\"Down Periscope\\\" had its US theatrical release on March 1, 1996. The film grossed $25,785,603 domestically and $37,553,752 worldwide. The film was released five months later on home video on August 6, 1996. Critical reception for the film was generally negative. At review aggregation website \\\"Rotten Tomatoes\\\", the film has a score 12% from\",\n \"title\": \"Down Periscope\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17790300\",\n \"text\": \"near Young's father's ancestral village in Doumen District, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China. The museum bears Col. Young's Chinese name: The \\\"Zhaozhen\\\" Museum. John C. Young John Chew Young (; June 16, 1912 – October 27, 1987), Chinese American, was born in San Jose, California. A key figure in the development of Chinatown, San Francisco, he was one of the original board members of the Chinese Historical Society of America, and a decorated American World War II army veteran of the China Burma India Theater. Celebrated as one of the 20 individuals from San Francisco history \\\"who was heroic in stature\",\n \"title\": \"John C. Young\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18434191\",\n \"text\": \"Robin Whetherly Robin Evelyn Whetherly MC (23 July 1916 – 27 November 1943) was an English first-class cricketer and soldier who died in action in World War II. The son of Lieutenant Colonel William Stobart Whetherly, a decorated veteran of the Boer War and World War I, Whetherly was educated at Harrow School, where he kept wicket for the first XI in his final year, 1935, before going up to Magdalen College, Oxford, to read history. He played several matches as a wicket-keeper for Oxford University in 1937 and 1938, but was overlooked for the annual match against Cambridge University\",\n \"title\": \"Robin Whetherly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11250418\",\n \"text\": \"Antulio Segarra Colonel Antulio Segarra (January 20, 1906 – September 14, 1999), was a United States Army officer who in 1943 became the first Puerto Rican in history to command a Regular Army Regiment. Segarra served as Military Aide to the Military Governor of Puerto Rico Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. and during World War II commanded the 65th Infantry Regiment. Segarra (birth name: Antulio Segarra Guiot ) was born in Cayey, Puerto Rico where he received his primary and secondary education. His father was Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Segarra, a highly decorated World War I veteran. In 1923, Segarra received an appointment\",\n \"title\": \"Antulio Segarra\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9305486\",\n \"text\": \"answer. Most of all, to be remembered as a man who loved his family, his country and the sport of racing.\\\" Bud Moore (NASCAR owner) Walter Maynard \\\"Bud\\\" Moore Jr. (May 25, 1925 – November 27, 2017) was a NASCAR car owner who operated the Bud Moore Engineering team. A decorated veteran of World War II, he described himself as \\\"an old country mechanic who loved to make 'em run fast\\\". Moore served in World War II as a member of the United States Army. A machine gunner, he participated in the Normandy landings as part of the 4th Infantry\",\n \"title\": \"Bud Moore (NASCAR owner)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18544892\",\n \"text\": \"The New York Times Book Review the novelist Lawrence Osborne wrote \\\"One could argue that the most vital literary terrain in America’s overseas wars is now occupied not by journalists but by novelists...Elliot Ackerman is certainly one of those novelists...He has created people who are not the equivalents of the locally exotic subjects in your average NPR story, and he has used them to populate a fascinating and topical novel.\\\" The novel was a finalist for the National Book Award in 2017. He was a featured author at the Miami Book Fair in 2017. Ackerman is a decorated veteran, having\",\n \"title\": \"Elliot Ackerman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3448682\",\n \"text\": \"graduation, he received the Earl Rudder Award, which is given to two outstanding seniors. Edwards was the Chairman of the 18th MSC Student Conference on National Affairs Conference, where he helped to bring Vice President Walter Mondale and businessman Ross Perot to campus. After graduation, Edwards worked as an aide to Congressman Olin E. Teague for three years. “Tiger” Teague was the most decorated World War II veteran in Congress, known for 32 years as “Mr. Veteran.” This mentorship later influenced Edwards’ work in Congress on Veterans Affairs. When Teague announced his retirement in 1978, Edwards ran in the Democratic\",\n \"title\": \"Chet Edwards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19433322\",\n \"text\": \"Luis J. Landin Luis Jorge Landin (May 26, 1930 – August 26, 2010), was a Mexican-American Korean War and Vietnam War veteran who has received numerous decorations for his bravery in both wars. Landin completed three tours of combat duty while in Vietnam and is known as Laredo's most decorated war hero. Landin enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1948, where he was a combat infantrymen. Within a couple of years into his enlistment, he began his first tour of duty in Korea in late 1951. Landin would become one of the first U.S advisers to the Vietnamese Army Ranger\",\n \"title\": \"Luis J. Landin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5745059\",\n \"text\": \"Hungarian editions. The publication of Tobak's Puma book sparked unexpectedly great public interest in the history of pre-1945 Hungarian aviation and air force, which was a strictly banned subject during the communist bloc era. Tibor Tobak quickly became the key personality representing and organizing veteran Hungarian military aviators. He wrote several more short stories commemorating the service of Hungarian bomber and aerial reconnaissance units in World War II. He was decorated and promoted to the rank of a colonel (retired) by the democratic government for his work in preserving an important part of Hungarian military history. Tobak's Puma book is\",\n \"title\": \"Tibor Tobak\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5973383\",\n \"text\": \"the clubs foundation year (1965). The club has a loyal following in the city. Their ultras are known as ‘Tarzanlar’, named after a local hero known as ‘Manisa Tarzanı’ (Tarzan of Manisa). He was a veteran of WW1 decorated with military honors who gave up his privileges, giving all his money to the poor, to commit his life to the reforrestation of Manisa after most of the city's trees and green areas were burned down during WW1. Manisaspor Manisaspor is a professional Turkish football club located in the city of Manisa. Originally formed in 1931 as Sakaryaspor, the club changed\",\n \"title\": \"Manisaspor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7937519\",\n \"text\": \"with his grief and concern for his neighbours and friends, who might be looking out their windows. Though he was probably Canada's most honoured journalist, an initiate Officer of the Order of Canada, and decorated as both a fighting soldier and as a war correspondent, Clark's work is currently out of print. In 1981, \\\"The Life and Times of Gregory Clark, Canada's Favorite Storyteller\\\", by fellow journalist Jock Carroll, was published by Doubleday. Greg Clark (journalist) Gregory Clark, (25 September 1892 – 3 February 1977) was a Canadian war veteran, journalist, and humourist. In 1967, he was made one of\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Clark (journalist)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6779350\",\n \"text\": \"area as Rolling Bay is also considered acceptable. Like most of Bainbridge Island, Rolling Bay is a relatively affluent community with a primarily residential slant. The Rolling Bay post office was renamed The Bud Hawk Post Office on February 26, 2010. Bud Hawk grew up in Rolling Bay who roaming its woods as a kid 80 years ago. He became a decorated World War II veteran, earning the Medal of Honor and four Purple Hearts while fighting in Europe as a U.S. Army machine-gunner. After the war, he was a longtime Kitsap County educator. The ZIP code 98061 only serves\",\n \"title\": \"Rolling Bay, Bainbridge Island, Washington\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20951195\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald R. Van Stockum Ronald Reginald Van Stockum (Born July 8, 1916) is a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Brigadier General. A veteran of Bougainville and Guam campaigns, Van Stockum is most noted for his service as Director, Marine Corps Reserve and later as Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific (Forward) on Okinawa during the Vietnam War. He was born as Ronald Reginald Bareham on July 8, 1916 in Newton, Cambridgeshire, England as the son of Reginald George and Florence Freestone Bareham. He never met his father, who was killed in action, while\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald R. Van Stockum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13451233\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick K. O'Donnell Patrick K. O’Donnell is a best-selling American author who has written eleven books on military history. His most recent book is \\\"The Unknowns: The Untold Story of America's Unknown Soldier and WWI's Most Decorated Heroes Who Brought Him Home\\\". He received the Colby Circle Award for Outstanding Military History for his best-selling book, \\\"Beyond Valour\\\". His other works include \\\"Washington's Immortals: The Untold Story of an Elite Regiment Who Changed the Course of the Revolution\\\";\\\"First SEALs: The Untold Story of the Forging of America's Most Elite Unit\\\";\\\"Into the Rising Sun\\\"; \\\"Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs\\\"; \\\"We Were One:\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick K. O'Donnell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13579055\",\n \"text\": \"100/442nd RCT (The most decorated unit in American History) as well as of the Texas 141st Regiment of the US 36th Division (The famous Fort Alamo Regiment). Note: Some of these books are reprints or translations of books already listed. Also, one or more ISBNs appear to be reused from book to book, at least according to worldcat.org. Grand son of Charles Etienne (FFI) Deputy Mayor of Bruyeres who erected the first Memorial to the 100th/442nd in Bruyeres in 1947. Son of Renee Etienne (FFI) and Max-Henri Moulin (FFI) and member of the Office of Strategic Service. Legion of Merit\",\n \"title\": \"Pierre Moulin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14379943\",\n \"text\": \"Wes Moore Westley \\\"Wes\\\" Watende Omari Moore (born October 15, 1978) is the CEO of Robin Hood, the largest anti-poverty nonprofit in New York City. He is an American author, social entrepreneur, television producer, and decorated US Army combat veteran. He is the author of \\\"The Other Wes Moore\\\" and \\\"The Work\\\", both of which are New York Times Bestsellers. He was also the host for \\\"Beyond Belief\\\" on the Oprah Winfrey Network, as well as the executive producer and a writer for \\\"Coming Back with Wes Moore\\\" on PBS. Moore is the Founder and CEO of BridgeEdU. BridgeEdU is\",\n \"title\": \"Wes Moore\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13804686\",\n \"text\": \"of the 442nd RCT were previously interned Japanese Americans from the continental United States, commanded by mostly white officers. The combat chronicle of the regiment became a highly storied one, resulting in it becoming one of the most decorated units in the European Theater, taking part in numerous actions in Italy, France and Germany, including the liberation of Dachau concentration camp. The 442nd Regiment was the most decorated unit for its size and length of service in the history of American warfare. The 4,000 men who initially made up the unit in April 1943 had to be replaced nearly 2.5\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of Asian Americans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18927823\",\n \"text\": \"2006, Arvin was selected to be honored as Kentucky Women Remembered and her portrait hangs in an exhibit at the Kentucky State Capital Rotunda. Mary Willie Arvin Margaret (Mary) Willie Arvin ( April 21, 1879 – September 9, 1947) was a nurse from Henderson, Kentucky who served in the First World War in France at a British Army Hospital, and was one of the few women who was honored by all three of the major allied countries, France, Britain and the United States. Arvin was the most decorated Kentucky woman veteran serving in World War I. She was awarded the\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Willie Arvin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18927817\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Willie Arvin Margaret (Mary) Willie Arvin ( April 21, 1879 – September 9, 1947) was a nurse from Henderson, Kentucky who served in the First World War in France at a British Army Hospital, and was one of the few women who was honored by all three of the major allied countries, France, Britain and the United States. Arvin was the most decorated Kentucky woman veteran serving in World War I. She was awarded the British Royal Red Cross (2nd Associate) Medal, the U. S. Army citation for exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous service (later exchanged for a Purple Heart),\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Willie Arvin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20433267\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Henry Byce Charles Henry Byce (March 9, 1916 – November 20, 1994) was a Cree-Canadian soldier and one of the most highly decorated Canadian World War II veterans. Byce was born on March 8, 1916, in Chapleau, Ontario, to Louisa Saylors, of Cree descent from Moose Factory, Ontario, and Henry Charles Byce of Westmeath, Ontario. His father was a World War I veteran who had been awarded a Distinguished Conduct Medal and a French Médaille militaire. Despite his relatively small frame, Byce, who was 5 foot 6 and 125 pounds, joined the Canadian military in the early 1940s, becoming\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Henry Byce\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4859458\",\n \"text\": \"installer. In the 2016 US Election, McGill narrated several commercials for President Donald Trump during his campaign It was reported in February 2017 that he would guest star as a decorated Vietnam War veteran in the American action police procedural television series \\\"NCIS\\\". McGill currently is the narrator for the Fox News series Scandalous. Bruce McGill Bruce Travis McGill (born July 11, 1950) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his work with director Michael Mann in the movies \\\"The Insider\\\" (1999), \\\"Ali\\\" (2001), and \\\"Collateral\\\" (2004). McGill's other notable film roles include Daniel Simpson \\\"D-Day\\\" Day\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce McGill\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8828883\",\n \"text\": \"Baumann, as well as Olympic Champions Carly Patterson, Nastia Liukin and Madison Kocian. Edouard Iarov, former coach of Valeri Liukin, the USSR and Canadian national teams also trained gymnasts at the club. Since opening in 1994, WOGA has had a number of successes unprecedented in US gymnastics history, including placing more than 30 National Gymnastics Team members. They are the most decorated gymnastics club in the United States. In 2003, WOGA gymnasts won 2 individual medals and contributed to the first team gold for the US at the World Championships and 4 individual gold medals at the US National Gymnastics\",\n \"title\": \"World Olympic Gymnastics Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4432559\",\n \"text\": \"after David of Sasun, the hero of an Armenian medieval epic, and Marshal Bagramyan. Outside of Armenia and the Soviet Union, Missak Manouchian was one of the leaders of the French Resistance. He was captured and executed by the Nazis in 1944, together with over 20 members of FTP-MOI Paris region led by Manouchian, and remains a much respected figure in modern French history. Decorated soldiers who fought in the United States Army include Ernest H. Dervishian (recipient of the Medal of Honor), Harry Kizirian (most decorated serviceman from Rhode Island and one of the most decorated marines of the\",\n \"title\": \"World War II by country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19433325\",\n \"text\": \"wait for a medical evacuation aircraft. In 1968–69 he completed his third tour in Vietnam where he was ranked as a Sergeant Major for the 16th Infantry division. After his third and final tour in Vietnam, Sergeant Major Landin retired in 1973. Luis J. Landin Luis Jorge Landin (May 26, 1930 – August 26, 2010), was a Mexican-American Korean War and Vietnam War veteran who has received numerous decorations for his bravery in both wars. Landin completed three tours of combat duty while in Vietnam and is known as Laredo's most decorated war hero. Landin enlisted in the U.S. Army\",\n \"title\": \"Luis J. Landin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4020033\",\n \"text\": \"for president in 2008, was running for his second term. Webb, a decorated Vietnam War veteran, writer and former Secretary of the Navy under Ronald Reagan won the Democratic nomination after being drafted by netroots activists, such as those at the blog Raising Kaine. Polls clearly favored Allen through mid-August, when he was caught on videotape on August 11 twice using an ethnic slur in reference to a Webb campaign volunteer, S.R. Sidarth, who is of Indian ancestry. Allen denied any prejudice in the comment, but his lead shrank considerably. Still, he led in most polls until late October, when\",\n \"title\": \"2006 United States Senate elections\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7117429\",\n \"text\": \"West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC). UPJ sponsors fifteen varsity men's and women's sports. Current university-sponsored varsity sports teams include: Men's sports Women's sports Perhaps the most prominent sport at UPJ is wrestling, which has had several top national finishes and won the Division II National Championships in 1996 and 1999. The wrestling program also includes several highly decorated wrestlers among its former athletes, including the most decorated wrestler in NCAA history, Carlton Haselrig, who went undefeated during his career and won three Division I and three Division II individual national championships. Men's Basketball is also successful and has advanced\",\n \"title\": \"University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19705014\",\n \"text\": \"Kalyug (novel) Kalyug is the first novel of R Sreeram to be published. Released in 2014 by Westland Press's Tranquebar imprint (), \\\"Kalyug\\\" is about a bloodless coup in India in 2012 following the death of a decorated war veteran, Major General Iqbal Qureshi. Drawing parallels from the India of those days, \\\"Kalyug\\\" is part-satire, part-fiction and was noted for its subtle references to real-world incidents and characters. The death of a decorated war veteran, one of India's foremost military officials, triggers a chain of events that threatens to spiral out of control. The democratically elected government is overthrown and\",\n \"title\": \"Kalyug (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10338743\",\n \"text\": \"as a manager for several joint venture companies performing law enforcement work in support of the US Department of State and the Department of Justice. John B. Sylvester John B. Sylvester is a retired United States Army Lieutenant General and decorated veteran of the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. He is best known for his command of the famed Tiger Brigade of the 2nd Armored Division attached to the 2nd Marine Division in the first Gulf War, and his three tours of duty in the Balkans culminating as the commander of SFOR. Sylvester was awarded the Silver Star during Operation Desert\",\n \"title\": \"John B. Sylvester\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14164936\",\n \"text\": \"MyVetwork MyVetwork is an online community serving all members of the U.S. military — whether active duty, veteran or retired, and regardless of age or conflict — as well as their spouses, families and supporters. It was founded in 2008 by a group led by John R. Campbell, a decorated veteran Marine officer. Using a proprietary algorithmic process, MyVetwork provides service members and those who care about them with a means to connect with and support each other in ways that range from the lighthearted and entertaining to deep and meaningful connections. In the process, it is building an information\",\n \"title\": \"MyVetwork\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18591041\",\n \"text\": \"a runner-up finish in the men's long jump, cancer survivor Lawrence Brittain, who picked up a silver alongside his veteran partner Shaun Keeling in the men's rowing pair, and Henri Schoeman, who surprised the field by securing South Africa's first ever triathlon medal with a bronze in the men's race. Swimmers Cameron van der Burgh and Chad le Clos contributed three of the country's silver medals in the pool, with le Clos emerging as South Africa's most decorated Olympian of all-time at four medals (one gold and three silver) over two Games. Meanwhile, Sunette Viljoen rebounded from a disappointing 2012\",\n \"title\": \"South Africa at the 2016 Summer Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20927972\",\n \"text\": \"similar reservation segregation. Kommando 1944 Kommando 1944 is a short film depicting the Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. It was directed and written by Derek Quick. The film has won over 100 awards within its first month on the festival circuit around the world (September 2018) and is currently competing to break the Guinness World Records for short film wins. The film was Inspired by Quick's Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma Native American heritage as the grandchild of Charles, [Red Cedar] A. Todd, a US Army Korean War decorated combat veteran and a former Chief of the Ottawa\",\n \"title\": \"Kommando 1944\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19307467\",\n \"text\": \"James A. Helis Dr. James A. Helis is a retired United States Army colonel, a rear admiral in the United States Maritime Service and the twelfth Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy. A 1979 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and a decorated Afghanistan War veteran, Helis served thirty years in the United States Army, retiring at the rank of colonel. In 2012, Helis was commissioned a United States Maritime Service rear admiral and appointed Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy by US Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood. Helis served\",\n \"title\": \"James A. Helis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13451239\",\n \"text\": \"combat veterans and the interested public. It includes more than 4,000 oral history interviews he has personally conducted with American veterans of wars from World War I to Iraq and Afghanistan. He is native of Westlake, Ohio, and attended American University for his undergraduate studies and Johns Hopkins for his graduate work. O'Donnell is represented by William Morris Endeavor (WME). Patrick K. O'Donnell Patrick K. O’Donnell is a best-selling American author who has written eleven books on military history. His most recent book is \\\"The Unknowns: The Untold Story of America's Unknown Soldier and WWI's Most Decorated Heroes Who Brought\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick K. O'Donnell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20863473\",\n \"text\": \"fellowships with Brookings Institution’s Center for East Asia Policy Studies (CEAP) and the US-Korea Institute of the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University in Washington, D.C. LTG(R) Chun is married to Shim Hwa-Jin, former president of Sung-Shin Women’s University. The couple have two sons. Chun In-bum Lieutenant General (Ret.) Chun In-bum is a decorated South Korean Army veteran and authority on Korean politics and military relations. Chun was born September 6, 1958 in the South Korean capital city of Seoul. He moved to the United States of America at the age of seven with his mother,\",\n \"title\": \"Chun In-bum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15195369\",\n \"text\": \"over a century. It was created to mark the Year of the Veteran in Canada. Carved by artist Jim Menken, the statue was modelled in the image of Bill Bettridge, a decorated veteran of the Second World War and survivor of Operation Overlord (the D-Day landings in Normandy, France) that led to the end of the war. It stands in silent tribute to the many men and women of Brampton who served – and continue to serve – Canada in wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping missions around the world. Gage Park, Brampton Gage Park is an urban park in Brampton, Ontario,\",\n \"title\": \"Gage Park, Brampton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19142982\",\n \"text\": \"Earth\\\" is now owned by Ocean Blue Entertainment in partnership with 1492 Pictures, the same companies that produced \\\"The Young Messiah\\\". Nowrastehʼs success on the above projects led to producer Michael Emerson hiring him to pen a screenplay about Leigh Ann Hester, the most decorated female in American military history. Currently entitled \\\"Raven Four-Two\\\" the project has attracted support from the US Army and is scheduled for production in 2016. Nowrasteh is currently in talks to write two screenplays, one based on the Epic of Gilgamesh, and is ghostwriting a book to be published next year. His ambition is to\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Nowrasteh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14164938\",\n \"text\": \"not-for-profit organization and makes its community available to members at no cost. MyVetwork MyVetwork is an online community serving all members of the U.S. military — whether active duty, veteran or retired, and regardless of age or conflict — as well as their spouses, families and supporters. It was founded in 2008 by a group led by John R. Campbell, a decorated veteran Marine officer. Using a proprietary algorithmic process, MyVetwork provides service members and those who care about them with a means to connect with and support each other in ways that range from the lighthearted and entertaining to\",\n \"title\": \"MyVetwork\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19167170\",\n \"text\": \"D. Porter, a Confederate veteran and former Tennessee governor, in 1902. Edith D. Pope, the second editor of the \\\"Confederate Veteran\\\" who was a leading member of the Nashville No. 1 chapter of the UDC, played a key role in its construction. Pope and other members of the UDC also made sure the college would teach a course on Southern history. The construction of Confederate Memorial Hall was supported by a US$50,000 donation from the UDC in 1933. The total cost of construction was $140,000. The building was completed in 1935. It was used as a residential building, where female\",\n \"title\": \"Memorial Hall, Vanderbilt University\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16474514\",\n \"text\": \"Kendall Gott Kendall D. Gott (born July 4, 1960) is an Army veteran of Desert Storm, the Senior Historian at the US Army Combat Studies Institute, and author of several works. He is most noted academically as a Civil War and general military history historian, and is a frequent speaker at various Civil War roundtables and staff rides. Gott is a native of Peoria, Illinois, and attended Rolling Acres Grade School (1974) and Richwoods High School (1978). He was active in scouting and attained the rank of Eagle Scout. He was a member of St. Paul Lutheran Church. Gott enlisted\",\n \"title\": \"Kendall Gott\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":93,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"95"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who burned down the billboards in three billboards"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Charlie"],"string":"[\n \"Charlie\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"19496433","text":"on the billboards, gives her the spares that were made in case of mistakes. She uses them to restore the billboard messages. Discharged from the hospital, Dixon overhears the man who threatened Mildred bragging in a bar of having raped and killed a girl in the same manner as Mildred's daughter. He notes the Idaho license plate number of the man's vehicle, then provokes a fight by scratching the man's face. He then removes a sample of the man's DNA from under his fingernails. Meanwhile, Mildred goes on a date with James to thank him for the alibi. Charlie enters","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496433","text":"on the billboards, gives her the spares that were made in case of mistakes. She uses them to restore the billboard messages. Discharged from the hospital, Dixon overhears the man who threatened Mildred bragging in a bar of having raped and killed a girl in the same manner as Mildred's daughter. He notes the Idaho license plate number of the man's vehicle, then provokes a fight by scratching the man's face. He then removes a sample of the man's DNA from under his fingernails. Meanwhile, Mildred goes on a date with James to thank him for the alibi. Charlie enters","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"20529539","text":"Stephen McKeon – \"Pilgrimage\" Una Ni DhonghaIle – \"Three Girls\" John Hand – \"Maudie\" Seamus McGarvey – \"The Greatest Showman\" Consolata Boyle – \"Victoria and Abdul\" Clare Lambe & Sevlene Roddy – \"Into the Badlands\" Steve Fanagan, Kieran Horgan – \"The Farthest\" Tailored Films & Bowsie Workshop – \"The Lodgers\" Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri \"'Ethan Hawke – \"Maudie\" Frances McDormand – \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" Game of Thrones Dearbhla Walsh – \"Fargo\" \"'Conor McPherson – \"Paula\" \"'Cillian Murphy – \"Peaky Blinders\" \"'Caitriona Balfe – \"Outlander\" \"'Liam Cunningham – \"Game of Thrones\" Charlie Murphy – \"Peaky Blinders\" 15th Irish","title":"15th Irish Film & Television Awards"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496433\",\n \"text\": \"on the billboards, gives her the spares that were made in case of mistakes. She uses them to restore the billboard messages. Discharged from the hospital, Dixon overhears the man who threatened Mildred bragging in a bar of having raped and killed a girl in the same manner as Mildred's daughter. He notes the Idaho license plate number of the man's vehicle, then provokes a fight by scratching the man's face. He then removes a sample of the man's DNA from under his fingernails. Meanwhile, Mildred goes on a date with James to thank him for the alibi. Charlie enters\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496433\",\n \"text\": \"on the billboards, gives her the spares that were made in case of mistakes. She uses them to restore the billboard messages. Discharged from the hospital, Dixon overhears the man who threatened Mildred bragging in a bar of having raped and killed a girl in the same manner as Mildred's daughter. He notes the Idaho license plate number of the man's vehicle, then provokes a fight by scratching the man's face. He then removes a sample of the man's DNA from under his fingernails. Meanwhile, Mildred goes on a date with James to thank him for the alibi. Charlie enters\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20529539\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen McKeon – \\\"Pilgrimage\\\" Una Ni DhonghaIle – \\\"Three Girls\\\" John Hand – \\\"Maudie\\\" Seamus McGarvey – \\\"The Greatest Showman\\\" Consolata Boyle – \\\"Victoria and Abdul\\\" Clare Lambe & Sevlene Roddy – \\\"Into the Badlands\\\" Steve Fanagan, Kieran Horgan – \\\"The Farthest\\\" Tailored Films & Bowsie Workshop – \\\"The Lodgers\\\" Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri \\\"'Ethan Hawke – \\\"Maudie\\\" Frances McDormand – \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" Game of Thrones Dearbhla Walsh – \\\"Fargo\\\" \\\"'Conor McPherson – \\\"Paula\\\" \\\"'Cillian Murphy – \\\"Peaky Blinders\\\" \\\"'Caitriona Balfe – \\\"Outlander\\\" \\\"'Liam Cunningham – \\\"Game of Thrones\\\" Charlie Murphy – \\\"Peaky Blinders\\\" 15th Irish\",\n \"title\": \"15th Irish Film & Television Awards\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"19496427","text":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 dark comedy crime-drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder. Woody Harrelson, Sam Rockwell, John Hawkes, and Peter Dinklage appear in supporting roles. It was released in the United States in November 2017 and in the United Kingdom in January 2018 by Fox Searchlight Pictures and grossed $159 million worldwide. At the 90th Academy Awards, \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" was nominated for seven awards","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496453","text":"US president Donald Trump in part through watching the film. Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 dark comedy crime-drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder. Woody Harrelson, Sam Rockwell, John Hawkes, and Peter Dinklage appear in supporting roles. It was released in the United States in November 2017 and in the United Kingdom in January 2018 by Fox Searchlight Pictures and grossed $159 million worldwide. At the 90th Academy Awards,","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"1836330","text":"as well as three-sided billboards. Other types of billboards include the billboard bicycle attached to the back of a bicycle or the mobile billboard, a special advertising trailer to hoist big banners. Mechanical billboards display three different messages, with three advertisements attached to a conveyor inside the billboard. There are also three-dimensional billboards, such as the ones at Piccadilly Circus, London. Some of the most prominent billboards are alongside highways; since passing drivers typically have little to occupy their attention, the impact of the billboard is greater. Billboards are often drivers' primary method of finding lodging, food, and fuel on","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"19496429","text":"home and posts on them: \"\", \"\", and \"\" The billboards upset the townspeople, including Chief Bill Willoughby and the racist, violent, alcoholic Officer Jason Dixon. The open secret that Willoughby suffers from terminal pancreatic cancer adds to everyone's disapproval. Mildred and her son Robbie are harassed and threatened, but to Robbie's chagrin, she stays firm about keeping the billboards up. While Willoughby is sympathetic to Mildred's frustration, he finds the billboards an unfair attack on his character. Angered by Mildred's lack of respect for his authority, Dixon threatens businessman Red Welby, who rented Mildred the billboards, and he arrests","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496451","text":"role within the Syrian Civil War, set up three billboards outside the United Nations building in New York that read \", \", and \". On or around March 1, around the time of the 2018 Oscars, three billboards were taken out in Los Angeles, stating \"WE ALL KNEW AND STILL NO ARRESTS\", \"AND THE OSCAR FOR BIGGEST PEDOPHILE GOES TO...\" and \"NAME NAMES ON STAGE OR SHUT THE HELL UP!\", as an attempt to protest both the Oscars and the #MeToo movement. On March 8, on International Women's Day, three billboards were put in downtown Pristina, Kosovo, to protest the","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496449","text":"High School shooting that took place on February 14, 2018, in Parkland, Florida, activist group Avaaz had three vans circle Florida senator Marco Rubio's offices displaying \", \", \" On the night of February 15, 2018, the movement #OccupyJustice set up three billboards and a number of banners in Malta, marking the four-month anniversary of the murder of the journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. The billboards bore the text \", \", and \" The authorities removed the billboards the following day, stating that they were illegal. The government was criticized for this move, and a day after their removal, activists laid","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"13200374","text":"up election billboards highlighting the issue of murdered Mongolian Altantuyaa Sharibuu, but these billboards were torn down by enforcement officers. Following protests made by local DAP members, it was explained that the election billboards were removed as it depicted a person who was not contesting in the elections. The national PR manifesto has outlined the actions they will take if they form the next Malaysian government. The following actions have been pledged to be implemented immediately, in accordance with the Kuching Declaration: The election also brought in the entry of many third parties that influenced the election outcome in many","title":"2013 Malaysian general election"},{"docid":"19496436","text":"presumed that they were put up by the victim's mother. This incident, combined with his desire to create strong female characters, inspired him to write the story for \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\". McDonagh discussed the creative process, saying that it took him about ten years to \"[decide] that it was a mother who had taken these things out. It all became fiction [...] based on a couple of actual billboards\". The character of Mildred was written with Frances McDormand in mind, and likewise the character of Dixon was written specifically for Sam Rockwell. McDormand initially felt that she was","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496438","text":"the actual billboards, which were put in a pasture near Black Mountain, North Carolina because that location was better. Most of the time the billboards were covered because people in the area found them upsetting. David Penix of Arden, North Carolina bought the billboards and used the wood for a roof in Douglas Lake in Tennessee, though the messages are no longer in order. Town Pump Tavern in Black Mountain, which had appeared in \"The World Made Straight\", was used as a set and was closed for three days during filming. A pool table and booths were added. The bar's","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496431","text":"that she was not a factor in his suicide and that he secretly paid to keep the billboards up for another month, amused at the trouble this will bring her and hoping that they will keep attention on the murder. Dixon reacts to the news of Willoughby's death by assaulting Welby and throwing him out of a window. This is witnessed by Willoughby's replacement, Abercrombie, who fires Dixon. Meanwhile, Mildred is threatened by a crop-haired stranger in her store. The billboards are destroyed by arson. Mildred retaliates by tossing Molotov cocktails at the police station, which she believes is unoccupied","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496450","text":"down banners with similar text near Auberge de Castille, the Office of the Prime Minister. Outside the Bristol city centre on February 3, 2018, a mural was erected depicting three billboards reading \", \", and \". It was installed by the groups People's Republic of Stokes Croft and Protect Our NHS in response to the alleged privatization of the National Health Service (NHS) and the death of a 15-year-old girl attributed by some to a purported lack of resources by the NHS. On February 22, 2018, the Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations, protesting the inaction of the UN's","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"19496442","text":"nominations, it made $3.6 million (an increase of 87% over the previous week's $1.9 million), finishing 13th. The weekend of March 9–11, following its two Oscar wins, the film made $705,000, down 45% from the previous week's $1.3 million. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 340 reviews, and an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" deftly balances black comedy against searing drama – and draws unforgettable performances from its veteran cast along the way.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"20518344","text":"London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017 The 38th London Film Critics' Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 2017, will be announced by the London Film Critics' Circle on 28 January 2018 at The May Fair Hotel, in Mayfair, London. Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Dunkirk Elle I Am Not Your Negro Sean Baker – \"The Florida Project\" Martin McDonagh – \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" Timothée Chalamet – \"Call Me by Your Name\" Frances McDormand – \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" Hugh Grant – \"Paddington 2\" Lesley Manville – \"Phantom Thread\" Daniel Kaluuya – \"Get Out\" Sally Hawkins","title":"London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017"},{"docid":"15018058","text":"Pappy Smith developed a marketing campaign that made the casino famous, using more than two thousand billboards across the United States advertising \"Harold's Club or Bust\", often written on a Conestoga wagon.(By the 1970s, most of the billboards had been taken down because of the Highway Beautification Act.) Harold's Club was sold to Howard Hughes' Summa Corporation in 1970 for $11.5 million. In December 1994, the casino was sold to Gamma International Ltd. and closed three months later. The casino was then sold to Harrah's Reno in 1999 and demolished. The property is now an outdoor plaza for concerts and","title":"Harold's Club"},{"docid":"2385896","text":"(starting with the 1999 revival). Trilons have been used in roadside billboards and variable-message signs. Particularly in billboards, many long thin trilons are placed side-by-side in the frame, and periodically rotate simultaneously to cycle the billboard through three separate signs, although many have been replaced by dot-matrix signs capable of displaying a much wider range of messages. Trilon A trilon is a three-faceted prism-shaped object. A trilon can be made to rotate on an axle to show different text or images which may be applied to any of its three facets. Trilons have been used on game shows and billboards.","title":"Trilon"},{"docid":"19496452","text":"death of two women as a result of domestic violence. Both McDormand and McDonagh have responded positively to the protests, with McDonagh saying \"You couldn't ask for anything more than for an angry film to be adopted by protests,\" and McDormand saying she is \"thrilled that activists all over the world have been inspired by the set decoration of the three billboards in Martin's film.\" On March 24, 2018, signs inspired by \"Three Billboards\" appeared at March for Our Lives gun safety rallies across the US and around the world. Wang Qishan, China's vice-president, said that he understood supporters of","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"15147152","text":"appropriate advertisements, but cannot discern individuals. According to \"The Daily Telegraph\", the billboards will \"behave like those in...\"Minority Report\",\" uniquely identifying and communicating to those in their vicinities. IBM is developing similar billboards, with plans to deliver customized advertisements to individuals who carry identity tags. Like NEC, the company feels they will not be obtrusive as their billboards will only advertise products in which a customer is interested. Advertisers are embracing these billboards as they attempt to reduce costs by wasting fewer advertisements on uninterested consumers. Crime prediction software, developed by a professor from the University of Pennsylvania (2010). The","title":"Technologies in Minority Report"},{"docid":"14729214","text":"vibrant part of a city's fabric to others. New York City without Times Square's huge digital billboards or Tokyo without the Ginza's commercial panorama is unthinkable. Piccadilly Circus would be just a London roundabout without its signage. Still, other cities, like Moscow, have reached their limit and have begun to crack down on over-the-top outdoor advertising.\" \"Many communities have chosen to regulate billboards to protect and enhance their scenic character. The following is by no means a complete list of such communities. Scenic America estimates the nationwide total of cities and communities prohibiting the construction of new billboards to be","title":"Criticism of advertising"},{"docid":"5180495","text":"sale was finalized, the United States Justice Department ruled that Outdoor Systems had to sell nearly all of its 3M billboards in ten U.S. cities (all 3M billboards in Phoenix, Arizona; Sacramento, California; New Orleans; Louisville, Kentucky; Denver; Detroit; Kansas City, Missouri and Grand Rapids, Michigan; plus almost all 3M billboards in Atlanta and half of 3M's billboards in Houston) where both Outdoor Systems and 3M National already had billboards to Lamar Advertising to avoid a monopoly in these cities. On December 7, 1999 Outdoor Systems (OSI) was bought by Infinity and became Infinity Outdoor. Infinity was absorbed into Viacom","title":"Outfront Media"},{"docid":"5771477","text":"2012, Heartland launched an advertising campaign in the Chicago area, and put up digital billboards along the Eisenhower Expressway in Maywood, Illinois, featuring a photo of Ted Kaczynski, the \"Unabomber\" whose mail bombs killed three people and injured 23 others, asking the question, \"I still believe in global warming, do you?\" They withdrew the billboards a day later. The Institute planned for the campaign to feature murderer Charles Manson, communist leader Fidel Castro and perhaps Osama bin Laden, asking the same question. The Institute justified the billboards saying \"the most prominent advocates of global warming aren't scientists. They are murderers,","title":"The Heartland Institute"},{"docid":"1836333","text":"billboards are placed on the sides of buildings and sometimes are free-standing billboards hanging above buildings. Billboards on the sides of buildings create different stylistic opportunities, with artwork that incorporates features of the building into the design, such as using windows as eyes, or for gigantic frescoes that adorn the entire building. Many groups such as Scenic America have complained that billboards on highways cause excessive clearing of trees and intrude on the surrounding landscape, with billboards' bright colors, lights and large fonts making it difficult to focus on anything else, making them a form of visual pollution. Other groups","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"19734795","text":"put up road signs around the Beverly Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles several days before the 75th Golden Globe Awards that referenced the issue of child sexual abuse in the entertainment industry. In a similar stunt committed days before the 90th Academy Awards, Sabo vandalized three billboards in the Hollywood area (in a reference to nominee \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\") that criticized the entertainment industry for shielding pedophiles. Later that year, Sabo vandalized a billboard in Los Angeles promoting \"Who Is America?\", a television series created by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. He mocked up a image of Baron","title":"Sabo (street artist)"},{"docid":"20078353","text":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art","title":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead"},{"docid":"20078352","text":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art","title":"How Many Billboards? Art Instead"},{"docid":"16595353","text":"also had planned \"dark weeks\", weeks where no new episodes would air, which has been done since the 19th season. These were after episode three, episode six, and episode eight. To promote the season, Comedy Central had mobile billboards placed in key locations in seven cities around the United States. Each billboard featured an image from the series that bore a connection to the location in which it was placed. All of the billboards included the caption \"We've Been There.\" In some of the locations, personnel of the organizations were displeased to have the billboards outside their locations and asked","title":"South Park (season 20)"},{"docid":"19496435","text":"to Dixon that she set the police station on fire; he indicates that he knew already. They express uncertainty about their mission, but agree to decide what to do along the way. While traveling through the Southern United States in around 1998, Martin McDonagh came across a couple of accusatory billboards about an unsolved crime, which he described as \"raging and painful and tragic\" alleging the murder of a woman in Vidor, Texas. The billboards highlighted the incompetence of police work and deeply affected McDonagh; he said that the image \"stayed in my mind [...] kept gnawing at me\" and","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"18365695","text":"a war there and we do\". During campaign events, Zakharchenko carefully recorded the names of all those who appealed to him for help with some problem, and then summoned \"one of a dozen aides who he promised would swiftly deal\" with these problems. Across DPR territory, billboards were plastered with messages in support of Zakharchenko. Posters in support of Zakharchenko read \"Vote for life!\", and pictured doves and children. According to \"The New York Times\", these billboards suggested \"a tight race between Aleksandr Zakharchenko and Aleksandr Zakharchenko\". Other candidates did not use billboards or posters, and were generally unknown to","title":"2014 Donbass general elections"},{"docid":"19496439","text":"actual sign appeared in the film. The musical score was written by Carter Burwell, who had also supplied the score for McDonagh's films \"In Bruges\" and \"Seven Psychopaths\". As well as Burwell's score, the film features songs by ABBA, Joan Baez, The Felice Brothers, the Four Tops, Monsters of Folk, and Townes Van Zandt. \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" premiered in competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2017. It also had screenings at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, the 2017 San Sebastián International Film Festival (where it won the Audience Award), the BFI London","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"9421369","text":"written by Jo Rogers on the brochure, were the primary clues that led to him being named a suspect. Local police posted images of Chandler's handwriting on the brochure on billboards in the Tampa Bay area, leading to a call from a former neighbor who provided a copy of a work order that he had written. This was the first such use of billboards by law enforcement in the U.S. and billboards became useful tools in later searches for missing people. Through handwriting analysis, the two samples were matched conclusively. Another of Chandler's neighbors, and one of the secretaries on","title":"Oba Chandler"},{"docid":"1437803","text":"use 16-bit microprocessors, with two Zilog Z8002 processors. It was also capable of displaying up to 3840 colors. The game was an early example of product placement within a video game, with billboards around the track advertising actual companies. However, some billboards were specific to the two versions, such as those of Pepsi and Canon in the Namco version, and those of 7-Eleven, Dentyne, \"Centipede\", and \"Dig Dug\" in the Atari version, which replaced such billboards as those of Marlboro and Martini & Rossi, who (although they were prominent motorsport sponsors at the time) would be found inappropriate in the","title":"Pole Position"},{"docid":"1836348","text":"are not allowed in other media. For example, in the US, tobacco advertising was banned on radio and television in 1971, leaving billboards and magazines as some of the last places tobacco could be advertised. Billboards made the news in America when, in the tobacco settlement of 1999, all cigarette billboards were replaced with anti-smoking messages. In a parody of the Marlboro Man, some billboards depicted cowboys riding on ranches with slogans like \"Bob, I miss my lung.\" Likely the best-known of the tobacco advertising boards were those for \"Mail Pouch\" chewing tobacco in the United States during the first","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"12697411","text":"to end the annual sponsorship. Though not eliminating the option of St. Paul Saints sponsorship in the future, the Minnesota Atheists are looking into other means to provide visibility. In 2012 the Minnesota Atheists bought billboards one in St. Paul and one in Minneapolis to reach out the local atheists. Citing that similar types of billboards had been going up around the country, the billboards promote the idea that religious indoctrination should not happen to children. One critic called them \"eye catching,\" another questioned one of the billboard placement near \"religious centers.\" The billboards tied for second place in an","title":"Minnesota Atheists"},{"docid":"1836340","text":"This statement was made before the release of the FHWA report \"Research review of potential safety effects of electronic billboards on driver attention and distraction\" in 2001. What level of regulation is appropriate for billboards in different areas is still under discussion by road safety experts around the world. Billboards are largely absent in Australia's capital city, Canberra, due to a 1937 ordinance which prohibited unauthorised signs on Commonwealth land. In 2017, the Australian Capital Territory considered relaxing this law to allow more outdoor advertising. An Inquiry into billboards received a record 166 submissions, with only 6 respondents supporting allowing","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"1836353","text":"and its users. Early billboards were basically large posters on the sides of buildings, with limited but still appreciable commercial value. As roads and highways multiplied, the billboard business thrived. Billboard A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertisements to passing pedestrians and drivers. Typically showing witty slogans and distinctive visuals, billboards are highly visible in the top designated market areas. The largest ordinary-sized billboards are located primarily on","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"14507083","text":"recent and extensive studies have affirmed the negative impact of digital billboards on driver attention. Digital billboard A digital billboard is a billboard that displays digital images that are changed by a computer every few seconds. Digital billboards are primarily used for advertising, but they can also serve public service purposes. There have been concerns regarding road safety when digital billboards are present. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducted a study in 2001 to review the effects of electronic billboards (EBBs) on crash rates. According to the FHWA, it appeared that there was no effective technique or method appropriate for","title":"Digital billboard"},{"docid":"5251272","text":"to break with the emergency hammer. Gaia Trafikk argued against the ban, pointing out that their tests showed that the thin wrap had no impact on the breakability of the window, but did remove the advertising which covered the windows. There are many other forms of outdoor mobile advertising, which are considered mobile billboards by some advertising professionals. One such form is called wrap advertising, which differs from mobile billboards because wrap advertisements typically envelop an entire vehicle, typically a car or small truck, while mobile billboards are large flat surfaces like traditional billboards. Other mobile advertising formats include bicycles,","title":"Mobile billboard"},{"docid":"1836342","text":"Beautification Act was signed into law. The act applied only to \"Federal Aid Primary\" and \"Defense\" highways and limited billboards to commercial and industrial zones created by states and municipalities. It required each state to set standards based on \"customary use\" for the size, lighting and spacing of billboards, and prohibited city and state governments from removing billboards without paying compensation to the owner. The act requires states to maintain \"effective control\" of billboards or lose 10% of their federal highway dollars. The act also required the screening of junk yards adjacent to regulated highways. Around major holidays, volunteer groups","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"9494376","text":"of sin.\" The bishop characterized the billboards, put up by Balsiger's Printed Page Ministries, as \"anti-Catholic\". Balsiger denied he was anti-Catholic but refused to apologize for the billboards. Balsiger also attempted, but failed, to place anti-Catholic billboards in Denver, Colorado, during the Pope's visit there in 1993. Balsiger said that his organization paid for 21 billboards to be shown in the Denver area during the Pope's visit. The billboard company, Gannett Outdoors, refused to display any ads attacking the Pope or the Catholic Church. \"We paid the money, we have signed the contract, and now they have refused to put","title":"Les Balsiger"},{"docid":"17559767","text":"lawn of the Warren County Courthouse in Front Royal, Virginia as part of the larger holiday displays for the winter holiday season. This was the first holiday display to be included at this location for secular humanists, atheists, and free-thinkers. The Lynchburg, VA and Roanoke, VA chapters of WASH working with secular groups in their areas as part of the Blue Ridge Coalition of Reason put of four billboards stating \"Don't Believe in God? Join the club\". This campaign started on December 19, 2012. Two billboards were vandalized before the end of December. These billboards were the first billboards calling","title":"Washington Area Secular Humanists"},{"docid":"7774499","text":"which are generally located in high traffic areas. Outdoor billboards come in many sizes, though the most well-known are large structures located near transportation points intending to attract the interest of people traveling on roads or public transportation. Indoor billboards are often smaller than outdoor billboards and are designed to attract the attention of foot traffic (i.e., those moving past the sign). For example, smaller signage in airports, train terminals and large commercial office space fit this category. While billboards are the most obvious example of signage advertising, there are many other forms of signage advertising include: Handheld devices, such","title":"Advertising media selection"},{"docid":"6335944","text":"selling them for $50.\" Today, the attraction is operated by an Albuquerque-based company, Bowlins, Inc., which owns several roadside trading posts throughout the Southwest. The Thing is heavily advertised via billboards that dot the interstate. A popular, albeit untrue, legend states that the billboards stretch from New Orleans to Los Angeles. Mike Bowlin, the owner of the site in 1993, noted that the billboards realistically \"start around El Paso to the east and somewhere on I-10 between Phoenix and Tucson to the west.\" RoadsideAmerica.com claims that over 247 billboards, spread out over a span of 200 miles, advertise the attraction.","title":"The Thing (roadside attraction)"},{"docid":"11528181","text":"issuance of a March 1992, advisory that construed the provisions of subsection (s) to prohibit the construction of all new billboards on any state-designated scenic byways. The FHWA prohibition included new billboards on any state-designated scenic byways. The FHWA prohibition included new billboards within commercial and industrial areas along scenic byway routes. The billboard ban issue became a contentious issue during the 1993 National Scenic Byways Commission deliberations, primarily due to efforts by anti-billboard factions to insert the FHWA's rulemaking policy language into the Commission's Final Report that a mandatory ban on new billboards was required. Votes on the billboard","title":"Highway Beautification Act"},{"docid":"5251273","text":"airplane banner towing, blimps, and mobile billboards on water, towed by boats. Mobile billboard A mobile billboard also known as \"digital billboard trucks\" is, a device used for advertising on the sides of a truck or trailer that is typically mobile. Mobile billboards are a form of out-of-home advertising (OOH); radio, static billboards, and mall/airport advertising fall into this same category. Using a mobile billboard for advertising is an advertising niche called mobile outdoor advertising. Most mobile billboards are dedicated, customized LED trucks with large bodies for displaying advertisements. Some of these dedicated units offer features such as external sound","title":"Mobile billboard"},{"docid":"1174257","text":"the town of Dillsboro. The scene of Harrison Ford walking on railroad tracks in an old tunnel was also close by in Cowee Tunnel. In the spring of 2016, parts of downtown, particularly Main Street, were transformed for the filming of the 2017 film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri. The critically acclaimed film stars Frances McDormand and Woody Harrelson. Three Billboards Outside of Ebbing, Missouri has earned two Academy Awards, five Golden Globes, three Screen Actors Guild (SAG) Awards, five BAFTA film awards, three critics' choice awards and eight awards at film festivals around the globe. As national recognition grew","title":"Sylva, North Carolina"},{"docid":"1470106","text":"in \"War for the Planet of the Apes\" (2017), Bill Willoughby in \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" (2017), and Tobias Beckett in \"\" (2018) Harrelson has been nominated for an Academy Award three times; he was nominated for Best Actor for \"The People vs. Larry Flynt\" and Best Supporting Actor for \"The Messenger\" and \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\". For his role in \"Cheers\", he earned five Emmy Award nominations and won one in 1989. Woodrow Tracy Harrelson was born in Midland, Texas, on July 23, 1961, the son of Diane (\"née\" Oswald) and Charles Voyde Harrelson. He and his","title":"Woody Harrelson"},{"docid":"19496428","text":"and won Best Actress (McDormand) and Best Supporting Actor (Rockwell). At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, it won Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama (McDormand), Best Supporting Actor (Rockwell), and Best Screenplay. It won three SAG Awards, including Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, and five BAFTA Film Awards, including Best Film and Outstanding British Film. In the town of Ebbing, Missouri, Mildred Hayes is grieving the rape and murder of her teenage daughter, Angela, seven months earlier. Angry over the lack of progress in the investigation, Mildred rents three abandoned billboards near her","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"9693351","text":"Magnolia Boulevard in Valley Village that was opposed by neighbors for years. He has also opposed an out-of-character condo development at the Weddington Golf and Tennis complex in Studio City and voiced his desire to have the area contribute to the revitalization of the LA River. Krekorian has worked to reduce the number of billboards in Los Angeles, eliminate mobile billboards - long a headache for Valley residents and clamped down on mansionization in Studio City. His efforts against mansionization led to the city's restrictive Baseline Mansionization Ordinance, which applies in every LA neighborhood. Paul Krekorian Paul Krekorian (born March","title":"Paul Krekorian"},{"docid":"14960299","text":"the Heisman Trophy before the 2011 season by promoting the slogan \"Persa Strong\" on billboards in Bristol, Connecticut, and Chicago. Bruce Feldman of ESPN.com had called Persa the strongest quarterback in the country. Persa bench pressed , squatted , and hang cleaned . He sat out the 2011 season-opener against Boston College on September 3, with Kain Colter starting in his place. Northwestern took Persa's Heisman billboards down on September 9; the University said that the billboard campaign was scheduled to end after one month and it had nothing to do with his injury. He missed the next two games","title":"Dan Persa"},{"docid":"17913524","text":"commercially successful album 2016's \"Unleashed\" (that she recorded while under Highway 65 Records before being bought out of her contract) which debuted at #1 on both Billboards 200 chart and Billboards Country Chart. Barnes then joined Luke Wheeler's \"Never Back Down Tour\" and continued on it as an opening act until she took a break after attacking a fan in the lobby of a hotel in Atlanta and the death of her manager via suicide the following day. Barnes then kept a low profile only being heard from when the announcement of her divorce from Avery Barkley was made public.","title":"Juliette Barnes"},{"docid":"16904242","text":"billboards for the memorial of Meir Kahane, though the billboards were taken down after pressure from left-wing lawmakers, as well as NGOs. On 4 December, in protest of an attempted lynching of a group of children by Arab stone throwers, activists from the party announced that they would hike to the same cave that the kids went to. During the protest, a \"group of rioters attempted to roll a huge stone off a cliff onto the heads of Israelis\", according to Hamodia. On 14 January 2018, the party announced its plan to train volunteers to use drones to catch Palestinian","title":"Otzma Yehudit"},{"docid":"20091243","text":"\"Dunkirk\" won three awards; \"Blade Runner 2049\", \"Coco\", \"Darkest Hour\" and \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" won two awards each. Frances McDormand and Sam Rockwell won Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor awards for \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" while Gary Oldman won Best Actor for \"Darkest Hour\". Allison Janney won Best Supporting Actress honor for \"I, Tonya\". With a U.S. viewership of 26.5 million, it was the least-watched show in the Academy's history. The nominees for the 90th Academy Awards were announced on January 23, 2018, at 5:22 a.m. PST (13:22 UTC), at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly","title":"90th Academy Awards"},{"docid":"4826832","text":"\"Mrs. Yi\" and \"Rosita\", however since the timeslot change, these characters appear to have been dropped. The show finished in 2006 when Mick Molloy decided to leave radio. Regular segments include \"Bombshells\", \"Stupid Behaviour\", \"Zero Tolerance\", \"The ToughLove Enshitelopedia\" and \"Bang Out Of Order\". During 2004, as a promotion for the show, the station released a series of billboards in the style of Calvin Klein picturing Mick taking off his underpants adorning the phrase \"Turn Me On And Dress Me Down\". During September of that year, one of the billboards was auctioned on eBay with all proceeds going to the","title":"Tough Love with Mick Molloy"},{"docid":"19496448","text":"10 films of the year by the American Film Institute. At the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, the film won its top prize, the People's Choice Award. At the 2017 San Sebastián International Film Festival, it won the Audience Award. On February 15, 2018, Justice4Grenfell, an advocacy group created in response to the Grenfell Tower fire, hired three vans with electronic screens in a protest against perceived inaction in response to the fire. The vans were driven around London, and displayed messages in the style of the billboards in the film: \", \", \" In response to the Stoneman Douglas","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"2755595","text":"heard singing this song with sorrow. The 2017 film \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri \" starts with \"The Last Rose of Summer\", performed by Renée Fleming from the CD \"The Beautiful Voice\" by Renée Fleming, the English Chamber Orchestra & Jeffrey Tate 1998) The version performed is part of the opera \"Martha\" by Friedrich von Flotow. In this starting scene of \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\", the profound melancholy at the heart of the film is expressed by this song that depicts the passing of youth, beauty and ultimately life itself; a theme that is also known as Vanitas. In","title":"The Last Rose of Summer"},{"docid":"20518345","text":"– \"The Shape of Water\" / \"Maudie\" / \"Paddington 2\" Harris Dickinson – \"Beach Rats\" Francis Lee – \"God's Own Country\" \"We Love Moses\" – Dionne Edwards \"Blade Runner 2049\" – Dennis Gassner, production design London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017 The 38th London Film Critics' Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 2017, will be announced by the London Film Critics' Circle on 28 January 2018 at The May Fair Hotel, in Mayfair, London. Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Dunkirk Elle I Am Not Your Negro Sean Baker – \"The Florida Project\" Martin McDonagh – \"Three Billboards Outside","title":"London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017"},{"docid":"19496446","text":"development.\" At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" won for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama (McDormand), Best Supporting Actor (Rockwell), and Best Screenplay, and was nominated for Best Director and Best Original Score. At the 71st British Academy Film Awards, it received nine nominations, including Best Film, Best Director, and Best Actress in a Leading Role (McDormand), and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for both Rockwell and Harrelson. It won five awards, including Best Film and Outstanding British Film (making it the only film along with \"The King's Speech\" to win","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"20091249","text":"\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" ($32.2 million), \"The Shape of Water\" ($30.4 million), \"Call Me by Your Name\" ($9.1 million), and \"Phantom Thread\" ($6.3 million). From the date of announcements to the time of the ceremony on March 4, 2018, the total made by the Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $126.7 million, with an average of $14.1 million per film. \"The Post\" ($34.6 million) and \"The Shape of Water\" ($27 million) had the highest grossed during that frame, followed by \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" ($19.8 million), \"Darkest Hour\" ($14.5 million), \"Phantom Thread\" ($13.8 million),","title":"90th Academy Awards"},{"docid":"1836323","text":"print, and a humorous or arresting image in brilliant color. Some billboard designs spill outside the actual space given to them by the billboard, with parts of figures hanging off the billboard edges or jutting out of the billboard in three dimensions. An example in the United States around the turn of the 21st century was the Chick-fil-A billboards (a chicken sandwich fast food chain), which had three-dimensional cow figures in the act of painting the billboards with misspelled anti-beef slogans such as \"frendz don't let frendz eat beef.\" The first \"scented billboard\", an outdoor sign emitting the odors of","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"19496440","text":"Film Festival, and the 2017 . It was also screened at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival. In the United States, the film was released, by Fox Searchlight Pictures, on November 10, 2017, beginning with a limited release, before \"going wide\" on December 1. The film was released on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray and DVD on February 27, 2018. \"Six Shooter\", McDonagh's Academy Award-winning short film, is included as a bonus. \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\" grossed $54.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $104.7 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $159.2 million. In","title":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri"},{"docid":"1172277","text":"story itself is fictional. Black Mountain also figures in \"The Longest Ride\" by Nicholas Sparks, a book that mentions the former college and visual arts community. Black Mountain is the site of the Three Billboards featured in the 2017 film, \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\", with one billboard exposed in April 2016, with the other two covered up. The North Carolina Department of Public Safety (formerly the North Carolina Department of Corrections) operates the Swannanoa Correctional Center for Women. It opened on July 7, 2008, taking women previously at the Black Mountain Correctional Center for Women. Literary Music Architecture Athletes","title":"Black Mountain, North Carolina"},{"docid":"3308718","text":"by Martin, Brian & O'Keeffe in 1976. During the Libyan Civil War, copies of the book were burned by anti-Gaddafi demonstrators. According to British author and former Greater London Council member George Tremlett, Libyan children spent two hours a week studying the book as part of their curriculum. Extracts were broadcast every day on television and radio. Its slogans were also found on billboards and painted on buildings in Libya. By 1993 lectures and seminars on \"The Green Book\" had been held at universities and colleges in France, Eastern Europe, Colombia, and Venezuela. \"The Green Book\" consists of three parts","title":"The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi)"},{"docid":"9253858","text":"and make their own individual worlds, characters and stories. In April 2009, Electronic Arts began to post billboards in many areas in advertisement for the game. Many of the billboards covered skyscrapers in densely populated areas, most notably Times Square in New York City. The costs of these billboards was estimated to be $10 million a month. This marketing campaign proved successful, as \"The Sims 3\" sold 1.4 million copies in its first week, breaking the record for all EA games. On March 23, 2009, the look and feel of \"The Sims 3\" was threaded throughout the storyline of an","title":"The Sims 3"},{"docid":"19262548","text":"in September 2017. In March 2016 Action for Dolphins launched a series of bus billboards in the town of Coffs Harbour, NSW, encouraging people to 'think twice' before supporting dolphin captivity. “It’s the beginning of a national advocacy campaign and the start of a push to end dolphn captivity in NSW,” Sarah Lucas, told The Australian. “They’ll be seen by thousands of people in the peak tourism season and encourage them not to support cruel dolphin captivity.” The billboards preceded a larger AFD advocacy campaign against dolphin captivity in the Coffs Harbour region, which included radio advertisements, standing billboards, leaflet","title":"Action for Dolphins"},{"docid":"1836344","text":"the large UK outdoor advertisers such as CBS Outdoor, JCDecaux, Clear Channel, Titan and Primesight have numerous convictions for such crimes. In São Paulo, a city of eleven million in Brazil, Billboards and advertising on vehicles have been banned since January 2007. It also restricted the dimensions of advertising on shop fronts. In British Columbia, a province of Canada, billboards are restricted to 300m away from roadways, the government also retains the right to remove any billboard it deems an unsafe distraction. In Toronto, a city of over 2 million in Canada, a municipal tax on billboards was implemented in","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"1836347","text":"in keeping with its heritage listing. Billboards are also used to advertise national or global brands, particularly in more densely populated urban areas. According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, the top billboard advertisers in the United States in 2017 were McDonald's, Apple and GEICO. A large number of wireless phone companies, movie companies, car manufacturers and banks are high on the list as well. Prior to 1999, billboards were a major venue of cigarette advertising; 10% of Michigan billboards advertise alcohol and tobacco, according to the Detroit Free Press. This is particularly true in countries where tobacco advertisements","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"16396699","text":"gardens. Many clubs took an interest in civic beautification, planting trees along public streets, maintaining flower gardens in public spaces, and campaigning against billboards, which were considered \"eyesores\". The Garden Club of America began to crusade against billboards in 1919. Highway beautification and roadside improvement were a focus of attention for the Garden Club of Georgia from the time of its founding in 1928. In 1938 the Mississippi state garden club federation combined with the state federation of women's clubs and state roadside improvement council to campaign for state legislation to \"get rid of ... unattractive signs and billboards that","title":"Garden club"},{"docid":"9244979","text":"increased the use of human billboards. As the novelty of seeing humans carrying placards wore off, advertisers would come up with variations on the theme in order to catch the eye, such as having a \"parade\" of identical human billboards, or having the human billboards wear outrageous costumes. Human directionals are still widely used, especially in areas that have a lot of pedestrian traffic, but even in places that have a great deal of automobile traffic. For the latter, the signs will frequently be shaped like arrows in order to direct traffic to the location being advertised. Eye Shot, a","title":"Human billboard"},{"docid":"9421358","text":"Chandler was identified as the killer when his neighbor recognized the handwriting. This was the first such use of billboards by law enforcement in the U.S. Billboards then became useful tools in searches for missing people. Prior to his arrest, Chandler worked as an unlicensed aluminum-siding contractor. He testified in his own defense, against the advice of his attorneys, saying that he had met the Ohio women and had given them directions but that he never saw them again aside from newspaper coverage and on the billboards set up by authorities. Police originally theorized that two men were involved in","title":"Oba Chandler"},{"docid":"1836331","text":"unfamiliar highways. There were approximately 450,000 billboards on US highways in 1991. Somewhere between 5,000 and 15,000 are erected each year. Current numbers are put at 368,263, according to the OAAA (outdoor Advertising Association of America). In Europe billboards are a major component and source of income in urban street furniture concepts. An interesting use of billboards unique to highways was the Burma-Shave advertisements between 1925 and 1963, which had 4- or 5-part messages on multiple signs, keeping the reader hooked by the promise of a punchline at the end. This example is in the National Museum of American History","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"12947196","text":"be solid metallic silver but transforms into a silhouette lit by 214 colorful lights at night. Patrick Mimran is best known in the United States for his Billboard Project, a comprehensive series of billboards which he initiated in 2000 in London and later expanded to New York, Miami, Venice, and Tokyo. For the project, Mimran used advertisement billboards as a platform for short aphorisms that provided commentary about art and the relationships between artists, critics, curators and art dealers. The billboards attracted a fan base. In 2015, Mimran turned 25 of his paintings into wearable art by developing the cashmere","title":"Patrick Mimran"},{"docid":"12672621","text":"\"largest [marketing] campaign to date\", by placing large-scale billboards in major cities around the world that humorously mocked users' listening habits. Billboards featured commentary such as \"Dear person who made a playlist called: ‘One Night Stand With Jeb Bush Like He’s a Bond Girl in a European Casino.’ We have so many questions\"; \"To the 1,235 guys who loved the “Girls Night” playlist this year, We love you\", and \"Dear person who played ‘Sorry’ 42 times on Valentine’s Day, What did you do?” Spotify's Chief Marketing Officer Seth Farbman told \"Creativity\" that \"there has been some debate about whether big","title":"Spotify"},{"docid":"1957202","text":"and throughout 1992, Evangelista was seen on several different billboards for the fashion brand Kenar, in the center of Times Square. The billboards were done in conjunction with Ads Against AIDS, which was a campaign created by the advertising industry to raise awareness about tackling the disease. The most talked about and most controversial of those billboards was one that showed Evangelista seated among seven older Sicilian women. It was said that the image, which got dubbed \"Beauty and the Seven Beasts\" by Richard Johnson in the \"New York Post\", promoted a negative depiction of Italian women. Nonetheless, limited edition","title":"Linda Evangelista"},{"docid":"1836325","text":"were then \"pounced\" onto the board with a chalk filled pounce bag, marking the outlines of the figures or objects. Using oil paints, artists would use large brushes to paint the image. Once the panels were installed using hydraulic cranes, artists would go up on the installed billboard and touch up the edges between panels. These large, painted billboards were especially popular in Los Angeles where historic firms such as Foster & Kleiser and Pacific Outdoor Advertising dominated the industry. Eventually, these painted billboards gave way to graphic reproduction, but hand-painted billboards are still in use in some areas where","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"5027532","text":"electronic billboards starting with 23 cities, and have been working to expand this system in other states. This allows them to instantly post a wanted notice in public view across the US. In 2014, the FBI claimed that at least 53 cases had been solved as a direct result of digital billboard publicity, and many others had been solved through the Bureau's overall publicity efforts that included the billboards. The FBI now claims to have access to over 5,200 billboards nationwide. Wanted posters for particularly notorious fugitives frequently offer a bounty for the capture of the person, or for a","title":"Wanted poster"},{"docid":"1836335","text":"from advertisers and building owners. Most of these billboards were illegal, but had been ignored until then. In 2007, São Paulo, Brazil instituted a billboard ban because there were no viable regulations of the billboard industry. Today, São Paulo is working with outdoor companies to rebuild the outdoor infrastructure in a way that will reflect the vibrant business climate of the city while adopting good regulations to control growth. Individuals and groups have vandalized billboards worldwide. In the US, many cities enacted laws banning billboards as early as 1909 (California Supreme Court, \"Varney & Green vs. Williams\") but the First","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"1836334","text":"believe that billboards and advertising contribute negatively to the mental climate of a culture by promoting products as providing feelings of completeness, wellness and popularity to motivate purchase. One focal point for this sentiment would be the magazine AdBusters, which will often showcase politically motivated billboard and other advertising vandalism, called culture jamming. In 2000, rooftops in Athens had grown so thick with billboards that it was difficult to see its famous architecture. In preparation for the 2004 Summer Olympics, the city embarked on a successful four-year project demolishing the majority of rooftop billboards to beautify the city, overcoming resistance","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"1445457","text":"of Practice\": Suicide. The advertisement was felt to condone the practice of suicide. Nitschke responded that the acts of Commercials Advice constitute interference with the right to free speech. Similar TV commercials, planned for use during Nitschke's Canadian lecture tour of 2010, were likewise banned by the Television Bureau of Canada, after lobbying by anti-euthanasia pressure groups. In 2010 Nitschke planned to use billboards in Australia to feature the message \"85 per cent of Australians support voluntary euthanasia but our government won't listen\". In September 2010, Nitschke's billboard advertising campaign was blocked by \"Billboards Australia\". Billboards Australia cited section of","title":"Philip Nitschke"},{"docid":"20641045","text":"painted and publicised with a catalogue illustrated with photographed billboards and leaflets, but the most powerful message was sprayed by people on many billboards. Bill travelled in his van with 'BUGA UP Rules OK' painted with on the front, while rainbows and dolphin motifs were painted on the sides by his partner and fellow graffitist Danielle Kluth. This mobile display helped to publicise his environmental causes. He drove around with spray cans and a bucket with paint bombs floating in it, just in case they were required. He probably re-faced more billboards than anyone else, with the possible exception of","title":"Bill Snow"},{"docid":"19990503","text":"every Wednesday as well as a weekly appearance on \"Golic and Wingo\" every Tuesday. Stugotz is a proud fan of the New York Jets. In 2014, The Le Batard Show posted six billboards in Akron that mocked LeBron James for not thanking the fans of the Miami Heat and rejoining the Cleveland Cavaliers. The billboards were funded entirely by Dan Le Batard even though Stugotz promised for a week to contribute. Stugotz's name appeared on the billboards because of these promises. Le Batard was suspended for two days by ESPN when he told an ESPN executive he planned to fly","title":"Jon Weiner"},{"docid":"15341851","text":"on the internet. In late April 2007, a month before the temporary closure of the ride, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay placed billboards along Interstate 275 and advertisements in newspapers announcing that SheiKra's floors would soon be removed. One of the billboards said, \"SEEKING, One last fling while I've still got it. Sheikra (w/ floor)...\" Callers to a telephone number on the billboards would hear a recorded female voice saying, \"Hi, doll face\", \"it's been a fun ride\", and \"one last fling-a-ding\". On April 24, 2007, during the park's High School Journalism Day, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay unveiled the first floorless","title":"SheiKra"},{"docid":"1836339","text":"variable message signs or electronic billboards. It is possible that advertising signs in rural areas reduce driver boredom, which many believe is a contribution to highway safety. On the other hand, drivers may fixate on a billboard which unexpectedly appears in a monotonous landscape, and drive straight into it (a phenomenon known as \"highway hypnosis\"). Surveys of road users show that the lighting provided by billboards provide security and visibility to many motorists. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) went on record (Federal Register, 5 March 1999) stating that the agency agrees that appropriately regulated billboards do not compromise highway safety.","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"11890327","text":"Starship\". For several months prior to the change billboards appeared around Cochise County featuring a flying saucer with the words \"the starship is coming\", leaving people to wonder what the billboards meant. Just prior to the change, the call letters and the frequency were added to the billboards as well as the wording was changed to \"the starship is here\". KZMK entered into direct competition with KTAZ-FM, which was at the time the number 1 rock and roll station in the area. KZMK broadcasts with considerably less power than its rival KTAZ, (55 watts -vs- 3000 watts)and was called by","title":"KWCD"},{"docid":"8569269","text":"called the series 'a failed reality show'. The show gained considerable attention before its second-season premiere for its viral marketing using billboards that posed as a letter from a wife named \"Emily\" to her unfaithful husband \"Steven.\" In the letter, \"Emily\" reveals that she knows about Steven's infidelity and implies that she will file for divorce from him. This gained the attention of blogs and mainstream media, which questioned the billboards' legitimacy and speculated as to what the billboards were really about. The campaign was awarded \"Best Integrated Promotional Campaign\" at the 2007 Cannes Advertising Festival. Parco P.I. Parco P.I.","title":"Parco P.I."},{"docid":"5251268","text":"effectiveness of mobile billboards. \"Outdoor Advertising Magazine\" said that outdoor mobile media billboards have a 97% recall rate, and 96% of survey respondents thought mobile advertising is more effective than traditional outdoor advertising. 3M and the American Trucking Association noted 91% of the target noticed the text and graphics on truck advertising, and the Traffic Audit Bureau noted that on local routes monthly impressions ranged from one to four million hits. Product Acceptance and Research said 94% of respondents recalled seeing the Mobile Billboard, with 80% recalling the specific advertisement; the billboards resulted in a sales increase of 107%. Mobile","title":"Mobile billboard"},{"docid":"14507082","text":"Digital billboard A digital billboard is a billboard that displays digital images that are changed by a computer every few seconds. Digital billboards are primarily used for advertising, but they can also serve public service purposes. There have been concerns regarding road safety when digital billboards are present. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducted a study in 2001 to review the effects of electronic billboards (EBBs) on crash rates. According to the FHWA, it appeared that there was no effective technique or method appropriate for evaluating the safety effects of EBBs on driver attention or distraction at that time. More","title":"Digital billboard"},{"docid":"1836338","text":"and traffic accidents. A broad sampling of law enforcement agencies across the country found no evidence to suggest that motor vehicle accidents were caused by billboards. Property and casualty insurance companies have conducted detailed studies of traffic accident records and conclude no correlation between billboards and traffic accidents. However, studies based on correlations between traffic accidents and billboards face the problem of under-reporting: drivers are unwilling to admit responsibility for a crash, so will not admit to being distracted at a crucial moment. Even given this limitation, some studies have found higher crash rates in the vicinity of advertising using","title":"Billboard"},{"docid":"9613400","text":"by Lucecita Benítez, written by Tony Croatto and David Ortíz Angleró, and it's featured both on the introduction and ending of these episodes. \"Tírale\" by Puerto Rican rock band \"Buscabulla\" is featured as incidental music. In 2017, Peña was nominated for his fourth and fifth NATAS Suncoast Chapter Emmy awards for the Arturo Schomburg episode of this series, Best Editor and Best Informational/Instructional, winning his second award, again on the latter category. Featured biographies: Albums: Singles: http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=76375<br> http://airwolf.lmtonline.com/quepasa/archive/032505/pasa2.pdf<br> http://www.prpop.org/noticias/may04/ignaciopena_may20.shtml<br> http://corp.primerahora.com/archivo.asp?guid=F284AA6BDDA14497AA84D93F63B20B12&year=2003&keyword=<br> http://www.primerahora.com/ignaciopenaarmaunconciertocientifico-546000.html<br> http://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/musica/nota/elcantautorpuertorriquenoignaciopenapresentaphonografico-523114/<br> http://www.sonicbids.com/2/EPK/?epk_id=33270<br> http://www.berklee.edu/bt/173/alumnotes.html https://books.google.com/books?id=jBEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=DBEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=5xAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=SL153-PA54&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=dhIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEIMzAD#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=FBAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEINzAE#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false Ignacio Peña Ignacio Peña Vidal, (born April 21. 1973) better known","title":"Ignacio Peña"},{"docid":"7396737","text":"after he rapped about date raping a woman in his song \"U.O.E.N.O.\". In 2014, following several incidents of domestic abuse by NFL players, UltraViolet called for the resignation of NFL commissioner Roger Goodell. The group flew aerial banners over three NFL stadiums with the message \"#GoodellMustGo\". In 2014 UltraViolet placed messages on billboards near airports in North Carolina, Texas, Louisiana and Ohio. The billboards were critical of state policies towards women. UltraViolet (organization) UltraViolet is a women's advocacy group based in the United States. The group conducts online campaigns using social media to highlight women's issues such as violence against","title":"UltraViolet (organization)"},{"docid":"20077530","text":"The company initially began advertising in Skopje. In 2009, Screen Media partnered with Swiss Investors Business Development and then in March the company began expanding its network outside Skopje to other cities of Macedonia. The company won the tender of Veles Municipality for managing billboards in the town in 2010 and subsequently also won tender with municipalities of Bitola, Struga, Debar and Prilep for managing billboards in the towns. In 2011, the Municipality of Ohrid signed a contract with Screen Media worth 2 million denars. The same year the company became the pioneer of illuminated billboards in the municipality of","title":"Screen Media (advertising company)"},{"docid":"20077531","text":"Tetovo. As a new advertising space in the City of Skopje in June 2013 Skopje Mayor set new unified billboards and city lights. Screen Media participated in the tender to manage the billboards and was given a 15-year contract of managing 200 billboards, 63 city lights and 12 LCD panels. The revenue of the company was MKD 73 million in 2014 and almost doubled to MKD 133 million in 2015. Ademi won the Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2015 and Screen Media was the national winner of Macedonia in the European Business Awards in 2016. Screen Media provides outdoor","title":"Screen Media (advertising company)"},{"docid":"2503746","text":"consider such advertisements to make up a category of their own. In-game advertising is similar to subtle advertising in films, where the advertising content is within the \"world\" of the movie. Thus billboards, storefronts, posters, apparel, vehicles, weapons, fliers, sponsored product placement, and the interplay between the player and these elements in the game allow for a great degree of virtual advertisement. Examples include billboards advertising for (and product placement of) Bawls energy drink in \"\", and billboards for Adidas sportswear in \"FIFA International Soccer\". The principal advantage of product placement in in-games advertising is visibility and notoriety. For advertisers","title":"Advertising in video games"},{"docid":"8609197","text":"poking fun at celebrities at a Top 40 station, WFLZ is famous for targeting them, most notably in particular Britney Spears. The first incident began on June 18, 2007, when the station made headlines after the MJ Morning Show placed at least three outdoor advertisements (2 in the Tampa Bay area, one in Jacksonville) featuring Internet photos of Spears with her shaved head, along with the face of Kelli and the slogans \"Total Nut Jobs\", \"Shock Therapy\" and \"Certifiable\". The advertisements were placed on billboards owned by WFLZ's sister company Clear Channel Outdoor. Evidently being notified about the billboards, Spears","title":"WFLZ-FM"},{"docid":"18123444","text":"on installing new advertising billboards, signboards and other hoardings in the metropolitan for the next three months. The decision was taken in a meeting of KMC’s senior officials after the corporation took notice of visual pollution blighting the landscape of the city. There are over 3,000 billboards in Karachi causing visual pollution. Water pollution id by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters (including urban","title":"Environment of Karachi"},{"docid":"19190065","text":"and encourage public aid for the needs of police officers, to help police officers assist one another, and to provide a police officer's family with comfort and support as they go through hard times. This campaign is designed to raise both awareness and money for the families in need. In order to increase awareness nationwide, over three hundred billboards have been posted with the slogan \"Blue Lives Matter\". Many of these billboards are also accompanied by the hashtag #thankublu, a hashtag many individuals use to show their support for police officers. In September 2015, over 100 Los Angeles police officers","title":"Blue Lives Matter"},{"docid":"19370632","text":"Lim became dissatisfied with the school and left during her last year. She, then, studied at École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Lim started showing her work in South Korea in the late 1990s. In 1998, she created the installation \"Bus Stop\" for the exhibition \"City and Image: Food, Clothing, Shelter\". The work was centered around the bus stop billboards in South Korea after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Many of the billboards were left blank. Lim placed non-commercial images in the billboards with the attempt to draw attention to the types of images consumed by the public. Lim's","title":"Minouk Lim"},{"docid":"14857374","text":"citizen input and for poorly advertising stations when they are established, opposed the establishment of a minimum number of parking spaces in each neighborhood, supported the right of neighborhood residents to have parking rights in their neighborhood, and opposed tax incentives for real estate developers. The committee won a 2011 battle to change the city's billboard advertising laws. The city had proposed allowing some large buildings to hang advertising from their exterior walls. In exchange, the city would eliminate many existing billboards, which were grandfathered into the law banning billboards in the city. A compromise to eliminate some billboards from","title":"Committee of 100 on the Federal City"},{"docid":"263456","text":"India’s print circulation grew by 89 per cent. Outdoor media is a form of mass media which comprises billboards, signs, placards placed inside and outside commercial buildings/objects like shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, skywriting, AR Advertising. Many commercial advertisers use this form of mass media when advertising in sports stadiums. Tobacco and alcohol manufacturers used billboards and other outdoor media extensively. However, in 1998, the Master Settlement Agreement between the US and the tobacco industries prohibited the billboard advertising of cigarettes. In a 1994 Chicago-based study, Diana Hackbarth and her colleagues revealed how tobacco- and alcohol-based","title":"Mass media"},{"docid":"14729215","text":"at least 1500. A number of states in the US prohibit all billboards: In 2006, the city of São Paulo, Brazil ordered the downsizing or removal of all billboards and most other forms of commercial advertising in the city.\" In 2015, Grenoble, France similarly banned all billboards and public advertising. Technical appliances, such as Spam filters, TV-Zappers, ad blockers for TVs and stickers on mail boxes—\"No Advertising\"—and an increasing number of court cases indicate a growing interest of people to restrict or rid themselves of unwelcome advertising. Consumer protection associations, environment protection groups, globalization opponents, consumption critics, sociologists, media critics,","title":"Criticism of advertising"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496427\",\n \"text\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 dark comedy crime-drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder. Woody Harrelson, Sam Rockwell, John Hawkes, and Peter Dinklage appear in supporting roles. It was released in the United States in November 2017 and in the United Kingdom in January 2018 by Fox Searchlight Pictures and grossed $159 million worldwide. At the 90th Academy Awards, \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" was nominated for seven awards\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496453\",\n \"text\": \"US president Donald Trump in part through watching the film. Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 dark comedy crime-drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder. Woody Harrelson, Sam Rockwell, John Hawkes, and Peter Dinklage appear in supporting roles. It was released in the United States in November 2017 and in the United Kingdom in January 2018 by Fox Searchlight Pictures and grossed $159 million worldwide. At the 90th Academy Awards,\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836330\",\n \"text\": \"as well as three-sided billboards. Other types of billboards include the billboard bicycle attached to the back of a bicycle or the mobile billboard, a special advertising trailer to hoist big banners. Mechanical billboards display three different messages, with three advertisements attached to a conveyor inside the billboard. There are also three-dimensional billboards, such as the ones at Piccadilly Circus, London. Some of the most prominent billboards are alongside highways; since passing drivers typically have little to occupy their attention, the impact of the billboard is greater. Billboards are often drivers' primary method of finding lodging, food, and fuel on\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496429\",\n \"text\": \"home and posts on them: \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"\\\" The billboards upset the townspeople, including Chief Bill Willoughby and the racist, violent, alcoholic Officer Jason Dixon. The open secret that Willoughby suffers from terminal pancreatic cancer adds to everyone's disapproval. Mildred and her son Robbie are harassed and threatened, but to Robbie's chagrin, she stays firm about keeping the billboards up. While Willoughby is sympathetic to Mildred's frustration, he finds the billboards an unfair attack on his character. Angered by Mildred's lack of respect for his authority, Dixon threatens businessman Red Welby, who rented Mildred the billboards, and he arrests\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496451\",\n \"text\": \"role within the Syrian Civil War, set up three billboards outside the United Nations building in New York that read \\\", \\\", and \\\". On or around March 1, around the time of the 2018 Oscars, three billboards were taken out in Los Angeles, stating \\\"WE ALL KNEW AND STILL NO ARRESTS\\\", \\\"AND THE OSCAR FOR BIGGEST PEDOPHILE GOES TO...\\\" and \\\"NAME NAMES ON STAGE OR SHUT THE HELL UP!\\\", as an attempt to protest both the Oscars and the #MeToo movement. On March 8, on International Women's Day, three billboards were put in downtown Pristina, Kosovo, to protest the\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496449\",\n \"text\": \"High School shooting that took place on February 14, 2018, in Parkland, Florida, activist group Avaaz had three vans circle Florida senator Marco Rubio's offices displaying \\\", \\\", \\\" On the night of February 15, 2018, the movement #OccupyJustice set up three billboards and a number of banners in Malta, marking the four-month anniversary of the murder of the journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. The billboards bore the text \\\", \\\", and \\\" The authorities removed the billboards the following day, stating that they were illegal. The government was criticized for this move, and a day after their removal, activists laid\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13200374\",\n \"text\": \"up election billboards highlighting the issue of murdered Mongolian Altantuyaa Sharibuu, but these billboards were torn down by enforcement officers. Following protests made by local DAP members, it was explained that the election billboards were removed as it depicted a person who was not contesting in the elections. The national PR manifesto has outlined the actions they will take if they form the next Malaysian government. The following actions have been pledged to be implemented immediately, in accordance with the Kuching Declaration: The election also brought in the entry of many third parties that influenced the election outcome in many\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Malaysian general election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496436\",\n \"text\": \"presumed that they were put up by the victim's mother. This incident, combined with his desire to create strong female characters, inspired him to write the story for \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\". McDonagh discussed the creative process, saying that it took him about ten years to \\\"[decide] that it was a mother who had taken these things out. It all became fiction [...] based on a couple of actual billboards\\\". The character of Mildred was written with Frances McDormand in mind, and likewise the character of Dixon was written specifically for Sam Rockwell. McDormand initially felt that she was\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496438\",\n \"text\": \"the actual billboards, which were put in a pasture near Black Mountain, North Carolina because that location was better. Most of the time the billboards were covered because people in the area found them upsetting. David Penix of Arden, North Carolina bought the billboards and used the wood for a roof in Douglas Lake in Tennessee, though the messages are no longer in order. Town Pump Tavern in Black Mountain, which had appeared in \\\"The World Made Straight\\\", was used as a set and was closed for three days during filming. A pool table and booths were added. The bar's\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496431\",\n \"text\": \"that she was not a factor in his suicide and that he secretly paid to keep the billboards up for another month, amused at the trouble this will bring her and hoping that they will keep attention on the murder. Dixon reacts to the news of Willoughby's death by assaulting Welby and throwing him out of a window. This is witnessed by Willoughby's replacement, Abercrombie, who fires Dixon. Meanwhile, Mildred is threatened by a crop-haired stranger in her store. The billboards are destroyed by arson. Mildred retaliates by tossing Molotov cocktails at the police station, which she believes is unoccupied\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496450\",\n \"text\": \"down banners with similar text near Auberge de Castille, the Office of the Prime Minister. Outside the Bristol city centre on February 3, 2018, a mural was erected depicting three billboards reading \\\", \\\", and \\\". It was installed by the groups People's Republic of Stokes Croft and Protect Our NHS in response to the alleged privatization of the National Health Service (NHS) and the death of a 15-year-old girl attributed by some to a purported lack of resources by the NHS. On February 22, 2018, the Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations, protesting the inaction of the UN's\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496442\",\n \"text\": \"nominations, it made $3.6 million (an increase of 87% over the previous week's $1.9 million), finishing 13th. The weekend of March 9–11, following its two Oscar wins, the film made $705,000, down 45% from the previous week's $1.3 million. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 340 reviews, and an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" deftly balances black comedy against searing drama – and draws unforgettable performances from its veteran cast along the way.\\\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20518344\",\n \"text\": \"London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017 The 38th London Film Critics' Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 2017, will be announced by the London Film Critics' Circle on 28 January 2018 at The May Fair Hotel, in Mayfair, London. Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Dunkirk Elle I Am Not Your Negro Sean Baker – \\\"The Florida Project\\\" Martin McDonagh – \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" Timothée Chalamet – \\\"Call Me by Your Name\\\" Frances McDormand – \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" Hugh Grant – \\\"Paddington 2\\\" Lesley Manville – \\\"Phantom Thread\\\" Daniel Kaluuya – \\\"Get Out\\\" Sally Hawkins\",\n \"title\": \"London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15018058\",\n \"text\": \"Pappy Smith developed a marketing campaign that made the casino famous, using more than two thousand billboards across the United States advertising \\\"Harold's Club or Bust\\\", often written on a Conestoga wagon.(By the 1970s, most of the billboards had been taken down because of the Highway Beautification Act.) Harold's Club was sold to Howard Hughes' Summa Corporation in 1970 for $11.5 million. In December 1994, the casino was sold to Gamma International Ltd. and closed three months later. The casino was then sold to Harrah's Reno in 1999 and demolished. The property is now an outdoor plaza for concerts and\",\n \"title\": \"Harold's Club\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2385896\",\n \"text\": \"(starting with the 1999 revival). Trilons have been used in roadside billboards and variable-message signs. Particularly in billboards, many long thin trilons are placed side-by-side in the frame, and periodically rotate simultaneously to cycle the billboard through three separate signs, although many have been replaced by dot-matrix signs capable of displaying a much wider range of messages. Trilon A trilon is a three-faceted prism-shaped object. A trilon can be made to rotate on an axle to show different text or images which may be applied to any of its three facets. Trilons have been used on game shows and billboards.\",\n \"title\": \"Trilon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496452\",\n \"text\": \"death of two women as a result of domestic violence. Both McDormand and McDonagh have responded positively to the protests, with McDonagh saying \\\"You couldn't ask for anything more than for an angry film to be adopted by protests,\\\" and McDormand saying she is \\\"thrilled that activists all over the world have been inspired by the set decoration of the three billboards in Martin's film.\\\" On March 24, 2018, signs inspired by \\\"Three Billboards\\\" appeared at March for Our Lives gun safety rallies across the US and around the world. Wang Qishan, China's vice-president, said that he understood supporters of\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15147152\",\n \"text\": \"appropriate advertisements, but cannot discern individuals. According to \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\", the billboards will \\\"behave like those in...\\\"Minority Report\\\",\\\" uniquely identifying and communicating to those in their vicinities. IBM is developing similar billboards, with plans to deliver customized advertisements to individuals who carry identity tags. Like NEC, the company feels they will not be obtrusive as their billboards will only advertise products in which a customer is interested. Advertisers are embracing these billboards as they attempt to reduce costs by wasting fewer advertisements on uninterested consumers. Crime prediction software, developed by a professor from the University of Pennsylvania (2010). The\",\n \"title\": \"Technologies in Minority Report\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14729214\",\n \"text\": \"vibrant part of a city's fabric to others. New York City without Times Square's huge digital billboards or Tokyo without the Ginza's commercial panorama is unthinkable. Piccadilly Circus would be just a London roundabout without its signage. Still, other cities, like Moscow, have reached their limit and have begun to crack down on over-the-top outdoor advertising.\\\" \\\"Many communities have chosen to regulate billboards to protect and enhance their scenic character. The following is by no means a complete list of such communities. Scenic America estimates the nationwide total of cities and communities prohibiting the construction of new billboards to be\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of advertising\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5180495\",\n \"text\": \"sale was finalized, the United States Justice Department ruled that Outdoor Systems had to sell nearly all of its 3M billboards in ten U.S. cities (all 3M billboards in Phoenix, Arizona; Sacramento, California; New Orleans; Louisville, Kentucky; Denver; Detroit; Kansas City, Missouri and Grand Rapids, Michigan; plus almost all 3M billboards in Atlanta and half of 3M's billboards in Houston) where both Outdoor Systems and 3M National already had billboards to Lamar Advertising to avoid a monopoly in these cities. On December 7, 1999 Outdoor Systems (OSI) was bought by Infinity and became Infinity Outdoor. Infinity was absorbed into Viacom\",\n \"title\": \"Outfront Media\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5771477\",\n \"text\": \"2012, Heartland launched an advertising campaign in the Chicago area, and put up digital billboards along the Eisenhower Expressway in Maywood, Illinois, featuring a photo of Ted Kaczynski, the \\\"Unabomber\\\" whose mail bombs killed three people and injured 23 others, asking the question, \\\"I still believe in global warming, do you?\\\" They withdrew the billboards a day later. The Institute planned for the campaign to feature murderer Charles Manson, communist leader Fidel Castro and perhaps Osama bin Laden, asking the same question. The Institute justified the billboards saying \\\"the most prominent advocates of global warming aren't scientists. They are murderers,\",\n \"title\": \"The Heartland Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836333\",\n \"text\": \"billboards are placed on the sides of buildings and sometimes are free-standing billboards hanging above buildings. Billboards on the sides of buildings create different stylistic opportunities, with artwork that incorporates features of the building into the design, such as using windows as eyes, or for gigantic frescoes that adorn the entire building. Many groups such as Scenic America have complained that billboards on highways cause excessive clearing of trees and intrude on the surrounding landscape, with billboards' bright colors, lights and large fonts making it difficult to focus on anything else, making them a form of visual pollution. Other groups\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19734795\",\n \"text\": \"put up road signs around the Beverly Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles several days before the 75th Golden Globe Awards that referenced the issue of child sexual abuse in the entertainment industry. In a similar stunt committed days before the 90th Academy Awards, Sabo vandalized three billboards in the Hollywood area (in a reference to nominee \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\") that criticized the entertainment industry for shielding pedophiles. Later that year, Sabo vandalized a billboard in Los Angeles promoting \\\"Who Is America?\\\", a television series created by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. He mocked up a image of Baron\",\n \"title\": \"Sabo (street artist)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20078353\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \\\"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\\\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20078352\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \\\"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\\\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Billboards? Art Instead\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16595353\",\n \"text\": \"also had planned \\\"dark weeks\\\", weeks where no new episodes would air, which has been done since the 19th season. These were after episode three, episode six, and episode eight. To promote the season, Comedy Central had mobile billboards placed in key locations in seven cities around the United States. Each billboard featured an image from the series that bore a connection to the location in which it was placed. All of the billboards included the caption \\\"We've Been There.\\\" In some of the locations, personnel of the organizations were displeased to have the billboards outside their locations and asked\",\n \"title\": \"South Park (season 20)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496435\",\n \"text\": \"to Dixon that she set the police station on fire; he indicates that he knew already. They express uncertainty about their mission, but agree to decide what to do along the way. While traveling through the Southern United States in around 1998, Martin McDonagh came across a couple of accusatory billboards about an unsolved crime, which he described as \\\"raging and painful and tragic\\\" alleging the murder of a woman in Vidor, Texas. The billboards highlighted the incompetence of police work and deeply affected McDonagh; he said that the image \\\"stayed in my mind [...] kept gnawing at me\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18365695\",\n \"text\": \"a war there and we do\\\". During campaign events, Zakharchenko carefully recorded the names of all those who appealed to him for help with some problem, and then summoned \\\"one of a dozen aides who he promised would swiftly deal\\\" with these problems. Across DPR territory, billboards were plastered with messages in support of Zakharchenko. Posters in support of Zakharchenko read \\\"Vote for life!\\\", and pictured doves and children. According to \\\"The New York Times\\\", these billboards suggested \\\"a tight race between Aleksandr Zakharchenko and Aleksandr Zakharchenko\\\". Other candidates did not use billboards or posters, and were generally unknown to\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Donbass general elections\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496439\",\n \"text\": \"actual sign appeared in the film. The musical score was written by Carter Burwell, who had also supplied the score for McDonagh's films \\\"In Bruges\\\" and \\\"Seven Psychopaths\\\". As well as Burwell's score, the film features songs by ABBA, Joan Baez, The Felice Brothers, the Four Tops, Monsters of Folk, and Townes Van Zandt. \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" premiered in competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2017. It also had screenings at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, the 2017 San Sebastián International Film Festival (where it won the Audience Award), the BFI London\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9421369\",\n \"text\": \"written by Jo Rogers on the brochure, were the primary clues that led to him being named a suspect. Local police posted images of Chandler's handwriting on the brochure on billboards in the Tampa Bay area, leading to a call from a former neighbor who provided a copy of a work order that he had written. This was the first such use of billboards by law enforcement in the U.S. and billboards became useful tools in later searches for missing people. Through handwriting analysis, the two samples were matched conclusively. Another of Chandler's neighbors, and one of the secretaries on\",\n \"title\": \"Oba Chandler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1437803\",\n \"text\": \"use 16-bit microprocessors, with two Zilog Z8002 processors. It was also capable of displaying up to 3840 colors. The game was an early example of product placement within a video game, with billboards around the track advertising actual companies. However, some billboards were specific to the two versions, such as those of Pepsi and Canon in the Namco version, and those of 7-Eleven, Dentyne, \\\"Centipede\\\", and \\\"Dig Dug\\\" in the Atari version, which replaced such billboards as those of Marlboro and Martini & Rossi, who (although they were prominent motorsport sponsors at the time) would be found inappropriate in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pole Position\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836348\",\n \"text\": \"are not allowed in other media. For example, in the US, tobacco advertising was banned on radio and television in 1971, leaving billboards and magazines as some of the last places tobacco could be advertised. Billboards made the news in America when, in the tobacco settlement of 1999, all cigarette billboards were replaced with anti-smoking messages. In a parody of the Marlboro Man, some billboards depicted cowboys riding on ranches with slogans like \\\"Bob, I miss my lung.\\\" Likely the best-known of the tobacco advertising boards were those for \\\"Mail Pouch\\\" chewing tobacco in the United States during the first\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12697411\",\n \"text\": \"to end the annual sponsorship. Though not eliminating the option of St. Paul Saints sponsorship in the future, the Minnesota Atheists are looking into other means to provide visibility. In 2012 the Minnesota Atheists bought billboards one in St. Paul and one in Minneapolis to reach out the local atheists. Citing that similar types of billboards had been going up around the country, the billboards promote the idea that religious indoctrination should not happen to children. One critic called them \\\"eye catching,\\\" another questioned one of the billboard placement near \\\"religious centers.\\\" The billboards tied for second place in an\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Atheists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836340\",\n \"text\": \"This statement was made before the release of the FHWA report \\\"Research review of potential safety effects of electronic billboards on driver attention and distraction\\\" in 2001. What level of regulation is appropriate for billboards in different areas is still under discussion by road safety experts around the world. Billboards are largely absent in Australia's capital city, Canberra, due to a 1937 ordinance which prohibited unauthorised signs on Commonwealth land. In 2017, the Australian Capital Territory considered relaxing this law to allow more outdoor advertising. An Inquiry into billboards received a record 166 submissions, with only 6 respondents supporting allowing\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836353\",\n \"text\": \"and its users. Early billboards were basically large posters on the sides of buildings, with limited but still appreciable commercial value. As roads and highways multiplied, the billboard business thrived. Billboard A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertisements to passing pedestrians and drivers. Typically showing witty slogans and distinctive visuals, billboards are highly visible in the top designated market areas. The largest ordinary-sized billboards are located primarily on\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14507083\",\n \"text\": \"recent and extensive studies have affirmed the negative impact of digital billboards on driver attention. Digital billboard A digital billboard is a billboard that displays digital images that are changed by a computer every few seconds. Digital billboards are primarily used for advertising, but they can also serve public service purposes. There have been concerns regarding road safety when digital billboards are present. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducted a study in 2001 to review the effects of electronic billboards (EBBs) on crash rates. According to the FHWA, it appeared that there was no effective technique or method appropriate for\",\n \"title\": \"Digital billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5251272\",\n \"text\": \"to break with the emergency hammer. Gaia Trafikk argued against the ban, pointing out that their tests showed that the thin wrap had no impact on the breakability of the window, but did remove the advertising which covered the windows. There are many other forms of outdoor mobile advertising, which are considered mobile billboards by some advertising professionals. One such form is called wrap advertising, which differs from mobile billboards because wrap advertisements typically envelop an entire vehicle, typically a car or small truck, while mobile billboards are large flat surfaces like traditional billboards. Other mobile advertising formats include bicycles,\",\n \"title\": \"Mobile billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836342\",\n \"text\": \"Beautification Act was signed into law. The act applied only to \\\"Federal Aid Primary\\\" and \\\"Defense\\\" highways and limited billboards to commercial and industrial zones created by states and municipalities. It required each state to set standards based on \\\"customary use\\\" for the size, lighting and spacing of billboards, and prohibited city and state governments from removing billboards without paying compensation to the owner. The act requires states to maintain \\\"effective control\\\" of billboards or lose 10% of their federal highway dollars. The act also required the screening of junk yards adjacent to regulated highways. Around major holidays, volunteer groups\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9494376\",\n \"text\": \"of sin.\\\" The bishop characterized the billboards, put up by Balsiger's Printed Page Ministries, as \\\"anti-Catholic\\\". Balsiger denied he was anti-Catholic but refused to apologize for the billboards. Balsiger also attempted, but failed, to place anti-Catholic billboards in Denver, Colorado, during the Pope's visit there in 1993. Balsiger said that his organization paid for 21 billboards to be shown in the Denver area during the Pope's visit. The billboard company, Gannett Outdoors, refused to display any ads attacking the Pope or the Catholic Church. \\\"We paid the money, we have signed the contract, and now they have refused to put\",\n \"title\": \"Les Balsiger\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17559767\",\n \"text\": \"lawn of the Warren County Courthouse in Front Royal, Virginia as part of the larger holiday displays for the winter holiday season. This was the first holiday display to be included at this location for secular humanists, atheists, and free-thinkers. The Lynchburg, VA and Roanoke, VA chapters of WASH working with secular groups in their areas as part of the Blue Ridge Coalition of Reason put of four billboards stating \\\"Don't Believe in God? Join the club\\\". This campaign started on December 19, 2012. Two billboards were vandalized before the end of December. These billboards were the first billboards calling\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Area Secular Humanists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7774499\",\n \"text\": \"which are generally located in high traffic areas. Outdoor billboards come in many sizes, though the most well-known are large structures located near transportation points intending to attract the interest of people traveling on roads or public transportation. Indoor billboards are often smaller than outdoor billboards and are designed to attract the attention of foot traffic (i.e., those moving past the sign). For example, smaller signage in airports, train terminals and large commercial office space fit this category. While billboards are the most obvious example of signage advertising, there are many other forms of signage advertising include: Handheld devices, such\",\n \"title\": \"Advertising media selection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6335944\",\n \"text\": \"selling them for $50.\\\" Today, the attraction is operated by an Albuquerque-based company, Bowlins, Inc., which owns several roadside trading posts throughout the Southwest. The Thing is heavily advertised via billboards that dot the interstate. A popular, albeit untrue, legend states that the billboards stretch from New Orleans to Los Angeles. Mike Bowlin, the owner of the site in 1993, noted that the billboards realistically \\\"start around El Paso to the east and somewhere on I-10 between Phoenix and Tucson to the west.\\\" RoadsideAmerica.com claims that over 247 billboards, spread out over a span of 200 miles, advertise the attraction.\",\n \"title\": \"The Thing (roadside attraction)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11528181\",\n \"text\": \"issuance of a March 1992, advisory that construed the provisions of subsection (s) to prohibit the construction of all new billboards on any state-designated scenic byways. The FHWA prohibition included new billboards on any state-designated scenic byways. The FHWA prohibition included new billboards within commercial and industrial areas along scenic byway routes. The billboard ban issue became a contentious issue during the 1993 National Scenic Byways Commission deliberations, primarily due to efforts by anti-billboard factions to insert the FHWA's rulemaking policy language into the Commission's Final Report that a mandatory ban on new billboards was required. Votes on the billboard\",\n \"title\": \"Highway Beautification Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5251273\",\n \"text\": \"airplane banner towing, blimps, and mobile billboards on water, towed by boats. Mobile billboard A mobile billboard also known as \\\"digital billboard trucks\\\" is, a device used for advertising on the sides of a truck or trailer that is typically mobile. Mobile billboards are a form of out-of-home advertising (OOH); radio, static billboards, and mall/airport advertising fall into this same category. Using a mobile billboard for advertising is an advertising niche called mobile outdoor advertising. Most mobile billboards are dedicated, customized LED trucks with large bodies for displaying advertisements. Some of these dedicated units offer features such as external sound\",\n \"title\": \"Mobile billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1174257\",\n \"text\": \"the town of Dillsboro. The scene of Harrison Ford walking on railroad tracks in an old tunnel was also close by in Cowee Tunnel. In the spring of 2016, parts of downtown, particularly Main Street, were transformed for the filming of the 2017 film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri. The critically acclaimed film stars Frances McDormand and Woody Harrelson. Three Billboards Outside of Ebbing, Missouri has earned two Academy Awards, five Golden Globes, three Screen Actors Guild (SAG) Awards, five BAFTA film awards, three critics' choice awards and eight awards at film festivals around the globe. As national recognition grew\",\n \"title\": \"Sylva, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1470106\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"War for the Planet of the Apes\\\" (2017), Bill Willoughby in \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" (2017), and Tobias Beckett in \\\"\\\" (2018) Harrelson has been nominated for an Academy Award three times; he was nominated for Best Actor for \\\"The People vs. Larry Flynt\\\" and Best Supporting Actor for \\\"The Messenger\\\" and \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\". For his role in \\\"Cheers\\\", he earned five Emmy Award nominations and won one in 1989. Woodrow Tracy Harrelson was born in Midland, Texas, on July 23, 1961, the son of Diane (\\\"née\\\" Oswald) and Charles Voyde Harrelson. He and his\",\n \"title\": \"Woody Harrelson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496428\",\n \"text\": \"and won Best Actress (McDormand) and Best Supporting Actor (Rockwell). At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, it won Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama (McDormand), Best Supporting Actor (Rockwell), and Best Screenplay. It won three SAG Awards, including Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, and five BAFTA Film Awards, including Best Film and Outstanding British Film. In the town of Ebbing, Missouri, Mildred Hayes is grieving the rape and murder of her teenage daughter, Angela, seven months earlier. Angry over the lack of progress in the investigation, Mildred rents three abandoned billboards near her\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9693351\",\n \"text\": \"Magnolia Boulevard in Valley Village that was opposed by neighbors for years. He has also opposed an out-of-character condo development at the Weddington Golf and Tennis complex in Studio City and voiced his desire to have the area contribute to the revitalization of the LA River. Krekorian has worked to reduce the number of billboards in Los Angeles, eliminate mobile billboards - long a headache for Valley residents and clamped down on mansionization in Studio City. His efforts against mansionization led to the city's restrictive Baseline Mansionization Ordinance, which applies in every LA neighborhood. Paul Krekorian Paul Krekorian (born March\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Krekorian\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14960299\",\n \"text\": \"the Heisman Trophy before the 2011 season by promoting the slogan \\\"Persa Strong\\\" on billboards in Bristol, Connecticut, and Chicago. Bruce Feldman of ESPN.com had called Persa the strongest quarterback in the country. Persa bench pressed , squatted , and hang cleaned . He sat out the 2011 season-opener against Boston College on September 3, with Kain Colter starting in his place. Northwestern took Persa's Heisman billboards down on September 9; the University said that the billboard campaign was scheduled to end after one month and it had nothing to do with his injury. He missed the next two games\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Persa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17913524\",\n \"text\": \"commercially successful album 2016's \\\"Unleashed\\\" (that she recorded while under Highway 65 Records before being bought out of her contract) which debuted at #1 on both Billboards 200 chart and Billboards Country Chart. Barnes then joined Luke Wheeler's \\\"Never Back Down Tour\\\" and continued on it as an opening act until she took a break after attacking a fan in the lobby of a hotel in Atlanta and the death of her manager via suicide the following day. Barnes then kept a low profile only being heard from when the announcement of her divorce from Avery Barkley was made public.\",\n \"title\": \"Juliette Barnes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16904242\",\n \"text\": \"billboards for the memorial of Meir Kahane, though the billboards were taken down after pressure from left-wing lawmakers, as well as NGOs. On 4 December, in protest of an attempted lynching of a group of children by Arab stone throwers, activists from the party announced that they would hike to the same cave that the kids went to. During the protest, a \\\"group of rioters attempted to roll a huge stone off a cliff onto the heads of Israelis\\\", according to Hamodia. On 14 January 2018, the party announced its plan to train volunteers to use drones to catch Palestinian\",\n \"title\": \"Otzma Yehudit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20091243\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dunkirk\\\" won three awards; \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", \\\"Coco\\\", \\\"Darkest Hour\\\" and \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" won two awards each. Frances McDormand and Sam Rockwell won Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor awards for \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" while Gary Oldman won Best Actor for \\\"Darkest Hour\\\". Allison Janney won Best Supporting Actress honor for \\\"I, Tonya\\\". With a U.S. viewership of 26.5 million, it was the least-watched show in the Academy's history. The nominees for the 90th Academy Awards were announced on January 23, 2018, at 5:22 a.m. PST (13:22 UTC), at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly\",\n \"title\": \"90th Academy Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4826832\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Mrs. Yi\\\" and \\\"Rosita\\\", however since the timeslot change, these characters appear to have been dropped. The show finished in 2006 when Mick Molloy decided to leave radio. Regular segments include \\\"Bombshells\\\", \\\"Stupid Behaviour\\\", \\\"Zero Tolerance\\\", \\\"The ToughLove Enshitelopedia\\\" and \\\"Bang Out Of Order\\\". During 2004, as a promotion for the show, the station released a series of billboards in the style of Calvin Klein picturing Mick taking off his underpants adorning the phrase \\\"Turn Me On And Dress Me Down\\\". During September of that year, one of the billboards was auctioned on eBay with all proceeds going to the\",\n \"title\": \"Tough Love with Mick Molloy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496448\",\n \"text\": \"10 films of the year by the American Film Institute. At the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, the film won its top prize, the People's Choice Award. At the 2017 San Sebastián International Film Festival, it won the Audience Award. On February 15, 2018, Justice4Grenfell, an advocacy group created in response to the Grenfell Tower fire, hired three vans with electronic screens in a protest against perceived inaction in response to the fire. The vans were driven around London, and displayed messages in the style of the billboards in the film: \\\", \\\", \\\" In response to the Stoneman Douglas\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2755595\",\n \"text\": \"heard singing this song with sorrow. The 2017 film \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri \\\" starts with \\\"The Last Rose of Summer\\\", performed by Renée Fleming from the CD \\\"The Beautiful Voice\\\" by Renée Fleming, the English Chamber Orchestra & Jeffrey Tate 1998) The version performed is part of the opera \\\"Martha\\\" by Friedrich von Flotow. In this starting scene of \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\", the profound melancholy at the heart of the film is expressed by this song that depicts the passing of youth, beauty and ultimately life itself; a theme that is also known as Vanitas. In\",\n \"title\": \"The Last Rose of Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20518345\",\n \"text\": \"– \\\"The Shape of Water\\\" / \\\"Maudie\\\" / \\\"Paddington 2\\\" Harris Dickinson – \\\"Beach Rats\\\" Francis Lee – \\\"God's Own Country\\\" \\\"We Love Moses\\\" – Dionne Edwards \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" – Dennis Gassner, production design London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017 The 38th London Film Critics' Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 2017, will be announced by the London Film Critics' Circle on 28 January 2018 at The May Fair Hotel, in Mayfair, London. Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Dunkirk Elle I Am Not Your Negro Sean Baker – \\\"The Florida Project\\\" Martin McDonagh – \\\"Three Billboards Outside\",\n \"title\": \"London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496446\",\n \"text\": \"development.\\\" At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" won for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama (McDormand), Best Supporting Actor (Rockwell), and Best Screenplay, and was nominated for Best Director and Best Original Score. At the 71st British Academy Film Awards, it received nine nominations, including Best Film, Best Director, and Best Actress in a Leading Role (McDormand), and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for both Rockwell and Harrelson. It won five awards, including Best Film and Outstanding British Film (making it the only film along with \\\"The King's Speech\\\" to win\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20091249\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" ($32.2 million), \\\"The Shape of Water\\\" ($30.4 million), \\\"Call Me by Your Name\\\" ($9.1 million), and \\\"Phantom Thread\\\" ($6.3 million). From the date of announcements to the time of the ceremony on March 4, 2018, the total made by the Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $126.7 million, with an average of $14.1 million per film. \\\"The Post\\\" ($34.6 million) and \\\"The Shape of Water\\\" ($27 million) had the highest grossed during that frame, followed by \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" ($19.8 million), \\\"Darkest Hour\\\" ($14.5 million), \\\"Phantom Thread\\\" ($13.8 million),\",\n \"title\": \"90th Academy Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836323\",\n \"text\": \"print, and a humorous or arresting image in brilliant color. Some billboard designs spill outside the actual space given to them by the billboard, with parts of figures hanging off the billboard edges or jutting out of the billboard in three dimensions. An example in the United States around the turn of the 21st century was the Chick-fil-A billboards (a chicken sandwich fast food chain), which had three-dimensional cow figures in the act of painting the billboards with misspelled anti-beef slogans such as \\\"frendz don't let frendz eat beef.\\\" The first \\\"scented billboard\\\", an outdoor sign emitting the odors of\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19496440\",\n \"text\": \"Film Festival, and the 2017 . It was also screened at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival. In the United States, the film was released, by Fox Searchlight Pictures, on November 10, 2017, beginning with a limited release, before \\\"going wide\\\" on December 1. The film was released on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray and DVD on February 27, 2018. \\\"Six Shooter\\\", McDonagh's Academy Award-winning short film, is included as a bonus. \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\" grossed $54.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $104.7 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $159.2 million. In\",\n \"title\": \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1172277\",\n \"text\": \"story itself is fictional. Black Mountain also figures in \\\"The Longest Ride\\\" by Nicholas Sparks, a book that mentions the former college and visual arts community. Black Mountain is the site of the Three Billboards featured in the 2017 film, \\\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\\\", with one billboard exposed in April 2016, with the other two covered up. The North Carolina Department of Public Safety (formerly the North Carolina Department of Corrections) operates the Swannanoa Correctional Center for Women. It opened on July 7, 2008, taking women previously at the Black Mountain Correctional Center for Women. Literary Music Architecture Athletes\",\n \"title\": \"Black Mountain, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3308718\",\n \"text\": \"by Martin, Brian & O'Keeffe in 1976. During the Libyan Civil War, copies of the book were burned by anti-Gaddafi demonstrators. According to British author and former Greater London Council member George Tremlett, Libyan children spent two hours a week studying the book as part of their curriculum. Extracts were broadcast every day on television and radio. Its slogans were also found on billboards and painted on buildings in Libya. By 1993 lectures and seminars on \\\"The Green Book\\\" had been held at universities and colleges in France, Eastern Europe, Colombia, and Venezuela. \\\"The Green Book\\\" consists of three parts\",\n \"title\": \"The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9253858\",\n \"text\": \"and make their own individual worlds, characters and stories. In April 2009, Electronic Arts began to post billboards in many areas in advertisement for the game. Many of the billboards covered skyscrapers in densely populated areas, most notably Times Square in New York City. The costs of these billboards was estimated to be $10 million a month. This marketing campaign proved successful, as \\\"The Sims 3\\\" sold 1.4 million copies in its first week, breaking the record for all EA games. On March 23, 2009, the look and feel of \\\"The Sims 3\\\" was threaded throughout the storyline of an\",\n \"title\": \"The Sims 3\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19262548\",\n \"text\": \"in September 2017. In March 2016 Action for Dolphins launched a series of bus billboards in the town of Coffs Harbour, NSW, encouraging people to 'think twice' before supporting dolphin captivity. “It’s the beginning of a national advocacy campaign and the start of a push to end dolphn captivity in NSW,” Sarah Lucas, told The Australian. “They’ll be seen by thousands of people in the peak tourism season and encourage them not to support cruel dolphin captivity.” The billboards preceded a larger AFD advocacy campaign against dolphin captivity in the Coffs Harbour region, which included radio advertisements, standing billboards, leaflet\",\n \"title\": \"Action for Dolphins\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836344\",\n \"text\": \"the large UK outdoor advertisers such as CBS Outdoor, JCDecaux, Clear Channel, Titan and Primesight have numerous convictions for such crimes. In São Paulo, a city of eleven million in Brazil, Billboards and advertising on vehicles have been banned since January 2007. It also restricted the dimensions of advertising on shop fronts. In British Columbia, a province of Canada, billboards are restricted to 300m away from roadways, the government also retains the right to remove any billboard it deems an unsafe distraction. In Toronto, a city of over 2 million in Canada, a municipal tax on billboards was implemented in\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836347\",\n \"text\": \"in keeping with its heritage listing. Billboards are also used to advertise national or global brands, particularly in more densely populated urban areas. According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, the top billboard advertisers in the United States in 2017 were McDonald's, Apple and GEICO. A large number of wireless phone companies, movie companies, car manufacturers and banks are high on the list as well. Prior to 1999, billboards were a major venue of cigarette advertising; 10% of Michigan billboards advertise alcohol and tobacco, according to the Detroit Free Press. This is particularly true in countries where tobacco advertisements\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16396699\",\n \"text\": \"gardens. Many clubs took an interest in civic beautification, planting trees along public streets, maintaining flower gardens in public spaces, and campaigning against billboards, which were considered \\\"eyesores\\\". The Garden Club of America began to crusade against billboards in 1919. Highway beautification and roadside improvement were a focus of attention for the Garden Club of Georgia from the time of its founding in 1928. In 1938 the Mississippi state garden club federation combined with the state federation of women's clubs and state roadside improvement council to campaign for state legislation to \\\"get rid of ... unattractive signs and billboards that\",\n \"title\": \"Garden club\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9244979\",\n \"text\": \"increased the use of human billboards. As the novelty of seeing humans carrying placards wore off, advertisers would come up with variations on the theme in order to catch the eye, such as having a \\\"parade\\\" of identical human billboards, or having the human billboards wear outrageous costumes. Human directionals are still widely used, especially in areas that have a lot of pedestrian traffic, but even in places that have a great deal of automobile traffic. For the latter, the signs will frequently be shaped like arrows in order to direct traffic to the location being advertised. Eye Shot, a\",\n \"title\": \"Human billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9421358\",\n \"text\": \"Chandler was identified as the killer when his neighbor recognized the handwriting. This was the first such use of billboards by law enforcement in the U.S. Billboards then became useful tools in searches for missing people. Prior to his arrest, Chandler worked as an unlicensed aluminum-siding contractor. He testified in his own defense, against the advice of his attorneys, saying that he had met the Ohio women and had given them directions but that he never saw them again aside from newspaper coverage and on the billboards set up by authorities. Police originally theorized that two men were involved in\",\n \"title\": \"Oba Chandler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836331\",\n \"text\": \"unfamiliar highways. There were approximately 450,000 billboards on US highways in 1991. Somewhere between 5,000 and 15,000 are erected each year. Current numbers are put at 368,263, according to the OAAA (outdoor Advertising Association of America). In Europe billboards are a major component and source of income in urban street furniture concepts. An interesting use of billboards unique to highways was the Burma-Shave advertisements between 1925 and 1963, which had 4- or 5-part messages on multiple signs, keeping the reader hooked by the promise of a punchline at the end. This example is in the National Museum of American History\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12947196\",\n \"text\": \"be solid metallic silver but transforms into a silhouette lit by 214 colorful lights at night. Patrick Mimran is best known in the United States for his Billboard Project, a comprehensive series of billboards which he initiated in 2000 in London and later expanded to New York, Miami, Venice, and Tokyo. For the project, Mimran used advertisement billboards as a platform for short aphorisms that provided commentary about art and the relationships between artists, critics, curators and art dealers. The billboards attracted a fan base. In 2015, Mimran turned 25 of his paintings into wearable art by developing the cashmere\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Mimran\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12672621\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"largest [marketing] campaign to date\\\", by placing large-scale billboards in major cities around the world that humorously mocked users' listening habits. Billboards featured commentary such as \\\"Dear person who made a playlist called: ‘One Night Stand With Jeb Bush Like He’s a Bond Girl in a European Casino.’ We have so many questions\\\"; \\\"To the 1,235 guys who loved the “Girls Night” playlist this year, We love you\\\", and \\\"Dear person who played ‘Sorry’ 42 times on Valentine’s Day, What did you do?” Spotify's Chief Marketing Officer Seth Farbman told \\\"Creativity\\\" that \\\"there has been some debate about whether big\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1957202\",\n \"text\": \"and throughout 1992, Evangelista was seen on several different billboards for the fashion brand Kenar, in the center of Times Square. The billboards were done in conjunction with Ads Against AIDS, which was a campaign created by the advertising industry to raise awareness about tackling the disease. The most talked about and most controversial of those billboards was one that showed Evangelista seated among seven older Sicilian women. It was said that the image, which got dubbed \\\"Beauty and the Seven Beasts\\\" by Richard Johnson in the \\\"New York Post\\\", promoted a negative depiction of Italian women. Nonetheless, limited edition\",\n \"title\": \"Linda Evangelista\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836325\",\n \"text\": \"were then \\\"pounced\\\" onto the board with a chalk filled pounce bag, marking the outlines of the figures or objects. Using oil paints, artists would use large brushes to paint the image. Once the panels were installed using hydraulic cranes, artists would go up on the installed billboard and touch up the edges between panels. These large, painted billboards were especially popular in Los Angeles where historic firms such as Foster & Kleiser and Pacific Outdoor Advertising dominated the industry. Eventually, these painted billboards gave way to graphic reproduction, but hand-painted billboards are still in use in some areas where\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5027532\",\n \"text\": \"electronic billboards starting with 23 cities, and have been working to expand this system in other states. This allows them to instantly post a wanted notice in public view across the US. In 2014, the FBI claimed that at least 53 cases had been solved as a direct result of digital billboard publicity, and many others had been solved through the Bureau's overall publicity efforts that included the billboards. The FBI now claims to have access to over 5,200 billboards nationwide. Wanted posters for particularly notorious fugitives frequently offer a bounty for the capture of the person, or for a\",\n \"title\": \"Wanted poster\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836335\",\n \"text\": \"from advertisers and building owners. Most of these billboards were illegal, but had been ignored until then. In 2007, São Paulo, Brazil instituted a billboard ban because there were no viable regulations of the billboard industry. Today, São Paulo is working with outdoor companies to rebuild the outdoor infrastructure in a way that will reflect the vibrant business climate of the city while adopting good regulations to control growth. Individuals and groups have vandalized billboards worldwide. In the US, many cities enacted laws banning billboards as early as 1909 (California Supreme Court, \\\"Varney & Green vs. Williams\\\") but the First\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836334\",\n \"text\": \"believe that billboards and advertising contribute negatively to the mental climate of a culture by promoting products as providing feelings of completeness, wellness and popularity to motivate purchase. One focal point for this sentiment would be the magazine AdBusters, which will often showcase politically motivated billboard and other advertising vandalism, called culture jamming. In 2000, rooftops in Athens had grown so thick with billboards that it was difficult to see its famous architecture. In preparation for the 2004 Summer Olympics, the city embarked on a successful four-year project demolishing the majority of rooftop billboards to beautify the city, overcoming resistance\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1445457\",\n \"text\": \"of Practice\\\": Suicide. The advertisement was felt to condone the practice of suicide. Nitschke responded that the acts of Commercials Advice constitute interference with the right to free speech. Similar TV commercials, planned for use during Nitschke's Canadian lecture tour of 2010, were likewise banned by the Television Bureau of Canada, after lobbying by anti-euthanasia pressure groups. In 2010 Nitschke planned to use billboards in Australia to feature the message \\\"85 per cent of Australians support voluntary euthanasia but our government won't listen\\\". In September 2010, Nitschke's billboard advertising campaign was blocked by \\\"Billboards Australia\\\". Billboards Australia cited section of\",\n \"title\": \"Philip Nitschke\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20641045\",\n \"text\": \"painted and publicised with a catalogue illustrated with photographed billboards and leaflets, but the most powerful message was sprayed by people on many billboards. Bill travelled in his van with 'BUGA UP Rules OK' painted with on the front, while rainbows and dolphin motifs were painted on the sides by his partner and fellow graffitist Danielle Kluth. This mobile display helped to publicise his environmental causes. He drove around with spray cans and a bucket with paint bombs floating in it, just in case they were required. He probably re-faced more billboards than anyone else, with the possible exception of\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Snow\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19990503\",\n \"text\": \"every Wednesday as well as a weekly appearance on \\\"Golic and Wingo\\\" every Tuesday. Stugotz is a proud fan of the New York Jets. In 2014, The Le Batard Show posted six billboards in Akron that mocked LeBron James for not thanking the fans of the Miami Heat and rejoining the Cleveland Cavaliers. The billboards were funded entirely by Dan Le Batard even though Stugotz promised for a week to contribute. Stugotz's name appeared on the billboards because of these promises. Le Batard was suspended for two days by ESPN when he told an ESPN executive he planned to fly\",\n \"title\": \"Jon Weiner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15341851\",\n \"text\": \"on the internet. In late April 2007, a month before the temporary closure of the ride, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay placed billboards along Interstate 275 and advertisements in newspapers announcing that SheiKra's floors would soon be removed. One of the billboards said, \\\"SEEKING, One last fling while I've still got it. Sheikra (w/ floor)...\\\" Callers to a telephone number on the billboards would hear a recorded female voice saying, \\\"Hi, doll face\\\", \\\"it's been a fun ride\\\", and \\\"one last fling-a-ding\\\". On April 24, 2007, during the park's High School Journalism Day, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay unveiled the first floorless\",\n \"title\": \"SheiKra\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836339\",\n \"text\": \"variable message signs or electronic billboards. It is possible that advertising signs in rural areas reduce driver boredom, which many believe is a contribution to highway safety. On the other hand, drivers may fixate on a billboard which unexpectedly appears in a monotonous landscape, and drive straight into it (a phenomenon known as \\\"highway hypnosis\\\"). Surveys of road users show that the lighting provided by billboards provide security and visibility to many motorists. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) went on record (Federal Register, 5 March 1999) stating that the agency agrees that appropriately regulated billboards do not compromise highway safety.\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11890327\",\n \"text\": \"Starship\\\". For several months prior to the change billboards appeared around Cochise County featuring a flying saucer with the words \\\"the starship is coming\\\", leaving people to wonder what the billboards meant. Just prior to the change, the call letters and the frequency were added to the billboards as well as the wording was changed to \\\"the starship is here\\\". KZMK entered into direct competition with KTAZ-FM, which was at the time the number 1 rock and roll station in the area. KZMK broadcasts with considerably less power than its rival KTAZ, (55 watts -vs- 3000 watts)and was called by\",\n \"title\": \"KWCD\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8569269\",\n \"text\": \"called the series 'a failed reality show'. The show gained considerable attention before its second-season premiere for its viral marketing using billboards that posed as a letter from a wife named \\\"Emily\\\" to her unfaithful husband \\\"Steven.\\\" In the letter, \\\"Emily\\\" reveals that she knows about Steven's infidelity and implies that she will file for divorce from him. This gained the attention of blogs and mainstream media, which questioned the billboards' legitimacy and speculated as to what the billboards were really about. The campaign was awarded \\\"Best Integrated Promotional Campaign\\\" at the 2007 Cannes Advertising Festival. Parco P.I. Parco P.I.\",\n \"title\": \"Parco P.I.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5251268\",\n \"text\": \"effectiveness of mobile billboards. \\\"Outdoor Advertising Magazine\\\" said that outdoor mobile media billboards have a 97% recall rate, and 96% of survey respondents thought mobile advertising is more effective than traditional outdoor advertising. 3M and the American Trucking Association noted 91% of the target noticed the text and graphics on truck advertising, and the Traffic Audit Bureau noted that on local routes monthly impressions ranged from one to four million hits. Product Acceptance and Research said 94% of respondents recalled seeing the Mobile Billboard, with 80% recalling the specific advertisement; the billboards resulted in a sales increase of 107%. Mobile\",\n \"title\": \"Mobile billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14507082\",\n \"text\": \"Digital billboard A digital billboard is a billboard that displays digital images that are changed by a computer every few seconds. Digital billboards are primarily used for advertising, but they can also serve public service purposes. There have been concerns regarding road safety when digital billboards are present. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducted a study in 2001 to review the effects of electronic billboards (EBBs) on crash rates. According to the FHWA, it appeared that there was no effective technique or method appropriate for evaluating the safety effects of EBBs on driver attention or distraction at that time. More\",\n \"title\": \"Digital billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1836338\",\n \"text\": \"and traffic accidents. A broad sampling of law enforcement agencies across the country found no evidence to suggest that motor vehicle accidents were caused by billboards. Property and casualty insurance companies have conducted detailed studies of traffic accident records and conclude no correlation between billboards and traffic accidents. However, studies based on correlations between traffic accidents and billboards face the problem of under-reporting: drivers are unwilling to admit responsibility for a crash, so will not admit to being distracted at a crucial moment. Even given this limitation, some studies have found higher crash rates in the vicinity of advertising using\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9613400\",\n \"text\": \"by Lucecita Benítez, written by Tony Croatto and David Ortíz Angleró, and it's featured both on the introduction and ending of these episodes. \\\"Tírale\\\" by Puerto Rican rock band \\\"Buscabulla\\\" is featured as incidental music. In 2017, Peña was nominated for his fourth and fifth NATAS Suncoast Chapter Emmy awards for the Arturo Schomburg episode of this series, Best Editor and Best Informational/Instructional, winning his second award, again on the latter category. Featured biographies: Albums: Singles: http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=76375<br> http://airwolf.lmtonline.com/quepasa/archive/032505/pasa2.pdf<br> http://www.prpop.org/noticias/may04/ignaciopena_may20.shtml<br> http://corp.primerahora.com/archivo.asp?guid=F284AA6BDDA14497AA84D93F63B20B12&year=2003&keyword=<br> http://www.primerahora.com/ignaciopenaarmaunconciertocientifico-546000.html<br> http://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/musica/nota/elcantautorpuertorriquenoignaciopenapresentaphonografico-523114/<br> http://www.sonicbids.com/2/EPK/?epk_id=33270<br> http://www.berklee.edu/bt/173/alumnotes.html https://books.google.com/books?id=jBEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=DBEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=5xAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=SL153-PA54&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=dhIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEIMzAD#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=FBAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&dq=ignacio+pena+billboards&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_eiXi9jYAhWjnOAKHTkvCywQ6AEINzAE#v=onepage&q=ignacio%20pena%20billboards&f=false Ignacio Peña Ignacio Peña Vidal, (born April 21. 1973) better known\",\n \"title\": \"Ignacio Peña\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7396737\",\n \"text\": \"after he rapped about date raping a woman in his song \\\"U.O.E.N.O.\\\". In 2014, following several incidents of domestic abuse by NFL players, UltraViolet called for the resignation of NFL commissioner Roger Goodell. The group flew aerial banners over three NFL stadiums with the message \\\"#GoodellMustGo\\\". In 2014 UltraViolet placed messages on billboards near airports in North Carolina, Texas, Louisiana and Ohio. The billboards were critical of state policies towards women. UltraViolet (organization) UltraViolet is a women's advocacy group based in the United States. The group conducts online campaigns using social media to highlight women's issues such as violence against\",\n \"title\": \"UltraViolet (organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20077530\",\n \"text\": \"The company initially began advertising in Skopje. In 2009, Screen Media partnered with Swiss Investors Business Development and then in March the company began expanding its network outside Skopje to other cities of Macedonia. The company won the tender of Veles Municipality for managing billboards in the town in 2010 and subsequently also won tender with municipalities of Bitola, Struga, Debar and Prilep for managing billboards in the towns. In 2011, the Municipality of Ohrid signed a contract with Screen Media worth 2 million denars. The same year the company became the pioneer of illuminated billboards in the municipality of\",\n \"title\": \"Screen Media (advertising company)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20077531\",\n \"text\": \"Tetovo. As a new advertising space in the City of Skopje in June 2013 Skopje Mayor set new unified billboards and city lights. Screen Media participated in the tender to manage the billboards and was given a 15-year contract of managing 200 billboards, 63 city lights and 12 LCD panels. The revenue of the company was MKD 73 million in 2014 and almost doubled to MKD 133 million in 2015. Ademi won the Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2015 and Screen Media was the national winner of Macedonia in the European Business Awards in 2016. Screen Media provides outdoor\",\n \"title\": \"Screen Media (advertising company)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2503746\",\n \"text\": \"consider such advertisements to make up a category of their own. In-game advertising is similar to subtle advertising in films, where the advertising content is within the \\\"world\\\" of the movie. Thus billboards, storefronts, posters, apparel, vehicles, weapons, fliers, sponsored product placement, and the interplay between the player and these elements in the game allow for a great degree of virtual advertisement. Examples include billboards advertising for (and product placement of) Bawls energy drink in \\\"\\\", and billboards for Adidas sportswear in \\\"FIFA International Soccer\\\". The principal advantage of product placement in in-games advertising is visibility and notoriety. For advertisers\",\n \"title\": \"Advertising in video games\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8609197\",\n \"text\": \"poking fun at celebrities at a Top 40 station, WFLZ is famous for targeting them, most notably in particular Britney Spears. The first incident began on June 18, 2007, when the station made headlines after the MJ Morning Show placed at least three outdoor advertisements (2 in the Tampa Bay area, one in Jacksonville) featuring Internet photos of Spears with her shaved head, along with the face of Kelli and the slogans \\\"Total Nut Jobs\\\", \\\"Shock Therapy\\\" and \\\"Certifiable\\\". The advertisements were placed on billboards owned by WFLZ's sister company Clear Channel Outdoor. Evidently being notified about the billboards, Spears\",\n \"title\": \"WFLZ-FM\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18123444\",\n \"text\": \"on installing new advertising billboards, signboards and other hoardings in the metropolitan for the next three months. The decision was taken in a meeting of KMC’s senior officials after the corporation took notice of visual pollution blighting the landscape of the city. There are over 3,000 billboards in Karachi causing visual pollution. Water pollution id by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters (including urban\",\n \"title\": \"Environment of Karachi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19190065\",\n \"text\": \"and encourage public aid for the needs of police officers, to help police officers assist one another, and to provide a police officer's family with comfort and support as they go through hard times. This campaign is designed to raise both awareness and money for the families in need. In order to increase awareness nationwide, over three hundred billboards have been posted with the slogan \\\"Blue Lives Matter\\\". Many of these billboards are also accompanied by the hashtag #thankublu, a hashtag many individuals use to show their support for police officers. In September 2015, over 100 Los Angeles police officers\",\n \"title\": \"Blue Lives Matter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19370632\",\n \"text\": \"Lim became dissatisfied with the school and left during her last year. She, then, studied at École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Lim started showing her work in South Korea in the late 1990s. In 1998, she created the installation \\\"Bus Stop\\\" for the exhibition \\\"City and Image: Food, Clothing, Shelter\\\". The work was centered around the bus stop billboards in South Korea after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Many of the billboards were left blank. Lim placed non-commercial images in the billboards with the attempt to draw attention to the types of images consumed by the public. Lim's\",\n \"title\": \"Minouk Lim\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14857374\",\n \"text\": \"citizen input and for poorly advertising stations when they are established, opposed the establishment of a minimum number of parking spaces in each neighborhood, supported the right of neighborhood residents to have parking rights in their neighborhood, and opposed tax incentives for real estate developers. The committee won a 2011 battle to change the city's billboard advertising laws. The city had proposed allowing some large buildings to hang advertising from their exterior walls. In exchange, the city would eliminate many existing billboards, which were grandfathered into the law banning billboards in the city. A compromise to eliminate some billboards from\",\n \"title\": \"Committee of 100 on the Federal City\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"263456\",\n \"text\": \"India’s print circulation grew by 89 per cent. Outdoor media is a form of mass media which comprises billboards, signs, placards placed inside and outside commercial buildings/objects like shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, skywriting, AR Advertising. Many commercial advertisers use this form of mass media when advertising in sports stadiums. Tobacco and alcohol manufacturers used billboards and other outdoor media extensively. However, in 1998, the Master Settlement Agreement between the US and the tobacco industries prohibited the billboard advertising of cigarettes. In a 1994 Chicago-based study, Diana Hackbarth and her colleagues revealed how tobacco- and alcohol-based\",\n \"title\": \"Mass media\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14729215\",\n \"text\": \"at least 1500. A number of states in the US prohibit all billboards: In 2006, the city of São Paulo, Brazil ordered the downsizing or removal of all billboards and most other forms of commercial advertising in the city.\\\" In 2015, Grenoble, France similarly banned all billboards and public advertising. Technical appliances, such as Spam filters, TV-Zappers, ad blockers for TVs and stickers on mail boxes—\\\"No Advertising\\\"—and an increasing number of court cases indicate a growing interest of people to restrict or rid themselves of unwelcome advertising. Consumer protection associations, environment protection groups, globalization opponents, consumption critics, sociologists, media critics,\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of advertising\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":94,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"96"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when does the supreme court begin a new term"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["first Monday of each October"],"string":"[\n \"first Monday of each October\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"6573033","text":"executive act for being unlawful. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions. A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year. Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as \"sittings\" and \"recesses.\" Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses.","title":"Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States"},{"docid":"6573033","text":"executive act for being unlawful. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions. A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year. Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as \"sittings\" and \"recesses.\" Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses.","title":"Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"6573033\",\n \"text\": \"executive act for being unlawful. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions. A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year. Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as \\\"sittings\\\" and \\\"recesses.\\\" Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses.\",\n \"title\": \"Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6573033\",\n \"text\": \"executive act for being unlawful. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions. A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year. Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as \\\"sittings\\\" and \\\"recesses.\\\" Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses.\",\n \"title\": \"Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"13127523","text":"for two years, the judges must acquire the support of the electorate to serve for a 10-year term. In nearly all cases, the Supreme Court does not have original jurisdiction and can only hear cases that are petitioned to the court following being heard in lower courts. Local circuit courts are where the majority of cases begin with a trial and the consequence decided by the jury. The Supreme Court does have original and sole jurisdiction in certain specific areas including the practice of law, discipline or disbarment of Judges appointed to the lower state courts, and supervision over the","title":"Indiana"},{"docid":"6391615","text":"for associate justice of the Supreme Court of California. In September 1859, he was elected, but before his term was to begin he was appointed by Governor John B. Weller to fill a vacancy on the court starting September 20, 1859, when David S. Terry resigned to fight a duel. He became Chief Justice on March 11, 1863, filling the vacancy after President Abraham Lincoln appointed Stephen J. Field to the U.S. Supreme Court. Cope himself left the court at the end of that year when a constitutional amendment required new judicial elections. In 1877, Cope was a judge on","title":"Warner Cope"},{"docid":"17831716","text":"9, 1942, he was appointed by Gov. Herbert H. Lehman to the City Court, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward J. Kelly. In November 1942, he was elected to a full ten-year term, and was re-elected in November 1952. On November 2, 1954, he was elected to the New York Supreme Court for a 14-year term beginning on January 1, 1955. On November 20, 1954, six weeks before his term would begin, he was appointed by Gov. Thomas E. Dewey to the Supreme Court, to fill a vacancy. He was re-elected in November 1968, became an","title":"Jacob J. Schwartzwald"},{"docid":"3446871","text":"of canvassers in the first place and the Supreme Court was unable to compel the board to recount when the board effectively ceased to exist. Bloxham applied to the supreme court for a writ of quo warranto on February 20, 1871 to challenge Day's victory, but the case did not begin until November 15. On June 1, 1872, the court finally ruled that Bloxham had won the 1870 election, by which time he had missed every state senate session in the term, meaning the term was effectively concluded. Although he took the oath of office on June 3, he couldn't","title":"William D. Bloxham"},{"docid":"18961765","text":"In August 1852 President Millard Fillmore nominated Hayner to the post of Chief Justice of the Minnesota Territorial Supreme Court after his recess appointment of Jerome Fuller expired. Hayner's nomination was promptly approved and he left for the Minnesota Territory. When he arrived in October 1852 it was too late to begin the fall term of the court leaving Hayner with little work to do. In April 1853 he was replaced when the newly elected President Franklin Pierce nominated William H. Welch to the position. Hayner returned to New York and started a law practice in New York City. At","title":"Henry Z. Hayner"},{"docid":"11729084","text":"of the Supreme Court changed its Norwegian name from \"Høyesteretts kjæremålsutvalg\" to Høyesteretts ankeutvalg, on account of the sole use of the term \"anke\" (appeal) instead of the antiquated synonymous term \"kjæremål\". Appeals Selection Committee of the Supreme Court of Norway The Appeals Selection Committee of the Supreme Court (in Norwegian Høyesteretts ankeutvalg) was originally a court of Norway in its own right, however, it does not anymore constitute an instance – a case will be decided upon \"either\" by the Appeals Selection Committee \"or\" by the Supreme Court. The Appeals Selection Committee intermittently comprises three Supreme Court Justices appointed","title":"Appeals Selection Committee of the Supreme Court of Norway"},{"docid":"5663465","text":"At that time, they must face a retention election. If retained, they begin a six-year term. After their first term, justices must file for direct election by the people of Oklahoma to retain their position. Unlike the Supreme Court of the United States, the Oklahoma Constitution specifies the size of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. However, the legislature maintains the power to fix the number of justices. According to Article VII, section 2 of the Oklahoma Constitution, the court must consist of nine justices, one justice from each of the nine judicial districts of the state. Each justice, at the time","title":"Oklahoma Supreme Court"},{"docid":"4401062","text":"Judiciary Act of 1869 Congress had established that the United States Supreme Court would consist of the Chief Justice and eight associate justices. During Roosevelt's first term the Supreme Court struck down several New Deal measures as being unconstitutional. Roosevelt sought to reverse this by changing the makeup of the court through the appointment of new additional justices who he hoped would rule his legislative initiatives did not exceed the constitutional authority of the government. Since the U.S. Constitution does not define the size of the Supreme Court, Roosevelt pointed out that it was within the power of the Congress","title":"Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937"},{"docid":"4220525","text":"number of constitutional amendments, among them a reorganization of the state court system, changing the legislatures sessions to occur annually rather than biennially, a change that would allow governors to begin serving consecutive terms again, and the placing of a new cabinet position(s) in the constitution. Whitcomb however, could not run for a second term because he had been elected under the prior version of the constitution. Another significant event occurred during his first months in office when the Indiana Supreme Court ruled that the pocket veto was unconstitutional, which passed into law several bills that had been pocket vetoed","title":"Edgar Whitcomb"},{"docid":"6652660","text":"She was Director and Chief Administrative Law Judge for the Office of Administrative Law from 1989 through July 1994. In 1996, she was elected a Fellow of the American Bar Association. On August 24, 1998, LaVecchia became Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. Justice LaVecchia was nominated by Republican Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the Supreme Court on December 24, 1999. She was confirmed by the Senate on January 10, 2000 and sworn in for a term to begin February 1, 2000. Governor Jon Corzine reappointed her to the New Jersey Supreme Court in","title":"Jaynee LaVecchia"},{"docid":"9567959","text":"and Nashville. The court may meet in other locations as necessary. As an appellate court, there are no juries and the court does not hear testimony from witnesses. Rather, attorneys present oral and written arguments for the court's consideration. Decisions of the Court of Criminal Appeals decisions may be appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court by permission. All decisions in capital cases are, however, appealed automatically. The judges are elected to eight-year terms. If a vacancy occurs during a judge's term, the governor appoints a new judge to serve until the next August of an even-numbered year, when a state","title":"Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals"},{"docid":"9675266","text":"the length of present continuous service on the court. If a vacancy occurs before the end of the two-year term, the justices determine an eligible justice to serve by majority vote for the remainder of that term. The Chief Justice has the power to, when necessary, designate any Supreme Court justice or District Court judge to sit on the Court of Appeals, or designate any judge of the Court of Appeals to sit on the Supreme Court or on a District Court. Additionally, whenever the governor fails to make an appointment to any court within the prescribed thirty-day period, the","title":"New Mexico Supreme Court"},{"docid":"18032514","text":"and with publishing appraisals of draft legislation presented to the National Council by the government. In spite of its name, the court is not a supreme court in the strict sense of the term: it has no powers of judicial review, does not adjudicate on liability claims against the Republic and its bureaucracy, does not handle impeachments of elected officials, and does not resolve demarcation conflicts. The court does not have a fixed number of members. As of the early 21st century, there are typically between fifty and sixty justices on the court; as of August 2018, the exact number","title":"Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)"},{"docid":"4121154","text":"does not preside over trials. Appellate court hearings do not involve witnesses, juries, new evidence, or court reporters. Instead, an appellate court reviews the written record of the trial court to determine whether any significant legal errors occurred. The Rules of Appellate Procedure list the requirements for filing an appeal. The seven-member Supreme Court of Iowa has many important responsibilities. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list of nominees submitted by the State Judicial Nominating Commission. A justice serves an initial term of office that is one year after appointment and until January 1 following the next judicial","title":"Supreme Court of Iowa"},{"docid":"396709","text":"from the time when Maine was part of Massachusetts. In Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York, the highest courts formerly used variations of the term \"Court of Errors,\" which indicated that the court's primary purpose was to correct the errors of lower courts. Oklahoma and Texas have two separate supreme courts: one for criminal appeals and one for civil cases. In both states, the first is formally called the Court of Criminal Appeals, and the second is called the Supreme Court. Texas and Oklahoma have dual supreme courts. In Texas, both have nine justices. In Oklahoma the Supreme Court","title":"State supreme court"},{"docid":"16592985","text":"in any particular way. We have never required that Congress use magic words.\" The court held that as the 9th Circuit stated, \"actual damages\" is a legal term of art and its meaning is far from clear. Like the Ninth Circuit the Supreme Court stated that \"actual damages has this chameleon like quality, we cannot rely on any all-purpose definition but must consider the particular context in which the term appears.\" The Supreme Court held that the Privacy Act does not unequivocally authorize an award of damages for mental or emotional distress. Accordingly, the Act does not waive the Federal","title":"Federal Aviation Administration v. Cooper"},{"docid":"18306333","text":"v. Commonwealth\" was being decided in the courts. The Supreme Court decided that \"Padilla V. Commonwealth of Kentucky\" could not be held retroactively, due to the Supreme Court's decision in \"Teague v. Lane\". \"Teague v. Lane\" said that Supreme Court cases could not be applied retroactively if they apply a \"new rule\" or obligation on the part of the government. A court case is considered a new rule when \"the result is not dictated by precedent existing at the time the defendant's conviction became final” but does not create a new rule when it is merely extending a previously ruling.","title":"Chaidez v. United States"},{"docid":"12724654","text":"back as 1793. President George Washington attempted to appoint William Paterson to the Supreme Court on February 27, 1793, after the resignation of Associate Justice Thomas Johnson. However, Paterson, who was serving as Governor of New Jersey, had previously been elected to serve a Senate term that would expire at noon on March 4, 1793. Washington withdrew the nomination and withheld it until the afternoon of March 4, when the term for the disqualifying office had expired. In 1882, a formal opinion by the Attorney General concluded that resignation from Congress does not free a member to be appointed to","title":"Saxbe fix"},{"docid":"16798316","text":"term and a 500000 NIS fine. IDB Holdings and Strum’s ISP Trading Group were fined 250000 NIS and 150000 NIS. Dankner appealed the conviction to the Israeli Supreme Court. On 29 August 2018, the Supreme Court rejected his appeal and increased his sentence to three years in prison. It also doubled Itay Strum's sentence to two years in prison. The Supreme Court ruled that he would begin serving his sentence on 2 October 2018. On 2 October, he arrived at Maasiyahu Prison to begun serving his sentence. Nochi Dankner Nochi Dankner (; born 13 November 1954) is an Israeli businessman.","title":"Nochi Dankner"},{"docid":"17900870","text":"States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that \"[p]rolonged surveillance reveals types of information not revealed by short-term surveillance, such as what a person does repeatedly, what he does not do, and what he does ensemble.\" (The Supreme Court later affirmed \"Maynard\" on narrower grounds in \"United States v. Jones\", 565 U.S. ___ (2012).) Third, it held that users do not voluntarily convey cell site information to their mobile providers. The government argued that cell site information is not entitled to Fourth Amendment protections, citing Supreme Court cases holding that law enforcement does not need a","title":"In re Application of the United States for Historical Cell Site Data"},{"docid":"14833493","text":"the offence of scandalizing the court. The Chief Justice and other Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President acting on the advice of Cabinet. The President must consult the Chief Justice when appointing other judges, and may exercise personal discretion to refuse to make an appointment if he does not concur with the Cabinet's advice. Supreme Court justices enjoy security of tenure up to the age of 65 years, after which they cease to hold office. However, the Constitution permits such judges to be re-appointed on a term basis, as well as for judicial commissioners to be appointed for","title":"Judicial independence in Singapore"},{"docid":"4252667","text":"indication of its duties was given, only term limits of its judges (7 years). As time progressed and political philosophies changed, people took issue with numerous parts of the original constitution: It was hastily thrown together, used property qualifications for enfranchisement, contained scant guarantees of freedoms, was unamendable, and freely intermingled the three branches of government. Under the current (1947 and amended) constitution, the highest court in the state is the Supreme Court. It does not have original jurisdiction, hearing appeals, regulating the state's court system, and regulating the legal profession within the state. Normally, an appeal from one of","title":"Supreme Court of New Jersey"},{"docid":"3945038","text":"Federal Supreme Court examines the application of the law and does not examine the facts of the other courts below, unless evidently flawed. When an appeal is filed, the Federal Supreme Court examines whether the law was correctly applied in the contested decision and thus ensures the uniform application of federal law throughout the country. Its decisions contribute to the development of the law and to its adaptation to new circumstances. The other courts and the administrative authorities use the decisions of the Federal Supreme Court as a reference and adopt their principles. Procedures before the Federal Supreme Court take","title":"Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland"},{"docid":"16975848","text":"reporter in that the editors write headnotes and case summaries, as well as provide annotations to some cases, and decisions are published far in advance of the official reporter. As such, it is similar to West's unofficial \"Supreme Court Reporter\" (S. Ct.). \"Lawyers' Edition\" case reports differ from \"Supreme Court Reporter\" case reports in three respects. First, coverage in \"Supreme Court Reporter\" does not begin until \"Johnson v. Waters\", 108 U.S. 4 (1882), while \"Lawyers' Edition\" covers opinions back to the first volume of \"United States Reports\". Second, while both reporters contain headnotes written by the reporters' editors, the \"Lawyers'","title":"Lawyers' Edition"},{"docid":"11992105","text":"District of Washington for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, in violation of the ACCA. The District Court held that respondent's drug-trafficking convictions were not convictions for \"serious drug offense[s]\" under ACCA because the \"maximum term of imprisonment\" is determined without reference to recidivist enhancements. On appeal, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed, holding that \"the maximum term of imprisonment ... prescribed by law\" must be determined without taking recidivist enhancements into account. The Supreme Court granted \"certiorari\". Does a crime qualify as \"serious\" for purposes of the Armed Career Criminal Act when the underlying","title":"United States v. Rodriquez"},{"docid":"6731875","text":"governorship had been declared by Supreme Court as unconstitutional, mala fide, void, ultra vires, etc. While the President of India is \"elected\", the governor is \"selected\" by the incumbent central government. That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political. The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term but this is generally not adhered to. Political observers have described governorship as \"plush old age homes\" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders.","title":"Governor (India)"},{"docid":"1723729","text":"against the State's unwarranted usurpation, disregard, or disrespect.\" This principle must inform the understanding of the \"special weight\" that \"Troxel\" requires courts to give to parents' decisions concerning whether, when and how grandparents will associate with their children. Even though \"Troxel\" does not define \"special weight,\" previous Supreme Court precedent indicates that \"special weight\" is a strong term signifying very considerable deference. The \"special weight\" requirement, as illuminated by these prior Supreme Court cases, means that the deference provided to the parent's wishes will be overcome only by some compelling governmental interest and by overwhelmingly clear factual circumstances supporting that","title":"Grandparent visitation"},{"docid":"7490891","text":"sexual orientation when interviewing for jobs as law clerks. Well into the 1990s, some management staff at the Court still openly used derogatory terms to refer to gay people. In the early 1990s, Waters was instrumental both in creating and then greatly expanding the Florida Supreme Court's website at a time when the World-Wide Web was new and barely understood. Under the administration of Chief Justice Gerald Kogan, Waters led the Florida Supreme Court's efforts to begin webcasting video of all of its oral arguments when the technology to do so first became available. Simultaneously, the Court began broadcasting via","title":"Craig Waters"},{"docid":"1919605","text":"a U.S. Supreme Court decision in \"N.Y. State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres\". New York Supreme Court justices are elected to 14-year terms. A Supreme Court Justice's term ends, even if the 14-year term has not yet expired, at the end of the calendar year in which he or she reaches the age of 70. However, an elected Supreme Court Justice may obtain certification to continue in office, without having to be re-elected, for three two-year periods, until final retirement at the end of the year in which the Justice turns 76. These additional six years of service are","title":"New York Supreme Court"},{"docid":"1919607","text":"on May 6, 1691. That court was continued by the State of New York after independence was declared in 1776. It became the New York Supreme Court under the New York Constitutional Convention of 1846. In November 2004, the court system merged the operations of two separate criminal courts—the Bronx County Criminal Court and the Criminal Term of Bronx County Supreme Court—into a single trial court of criminal jurisdiction known as the Bronx Criminal Division. New York Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State","title":"New York Supreme Court"},{"docid":"19334595","text":"minds, but someone who brings to his work a spirit of decency, modesty, integrity, even-handedness and excellence. Presidents do not stop working in the final year of their term; neither should a Senator.\" Obama stated: \"To suggest that someone as qualified and respected as Merrick Garland does not even deserve a hearing, let alone an up-or-down vote, to join an institution as important as our Supreme Court, when two-thirds of Americans believe otherwise—that would be unprecedented.\" Garland then briefly spoke, stating that \"fidelity to the Constitution and the law have been the cornerstone of my professional life\" and promising to","title":"Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination"},{"docid":"7489419","text":"the rest of his life. During the 1940s, he was appointed to serve a 14-year term as a Justice of the Kings County Court, then the principal trial court for criminal matters in Brooklyn. After briefly considering a third-party nomination for Mayor of New York City, Leibowitz was reelected to his judgeship in 1954. When the County Courts in New York City were merged into the trial-level New York State Supreme Court in 1962 as part of a court reorganization in 1962, Leibowitz's title changed to New York State Supreme Court Justice. Over the years, Leibowitz heard a number of","title":"Samuel Leibowitz"},{"docid":"15512343","text":"DeForte's was pending before the Supreme Court, and the appeals court delayed its decision in his case until the Supreme Court made its decision. When it did, it reversed the district court since the circumstances of the case were identical. In 1970 the New York Court of Appeals granted both defendants' requests for a new trial. \"Mancusi\" would be the only time the Court granted a \"habeas\" petition through the application of the exclusionary rule. It upheld the general permissibility of such claims the following term in \"Kaufman v. United States\", But seven years after that, in 1976, \"Stone v.","title":"Mancusi v. DeForte"},{"docid":"8900322","text":"when it finds a contradiction between the laws and the Constitution of the Republic. The Chairman of this Court is appointed for a seven-year term and is dismissed by the President of the Republic on motion from the Supreme Judicial Council. The Chairman is not eligible for a second term. Supreme Court of Cassation of Bulgaria The Supreme Court of Cassation \"(Върховен касационен съд - Vǎrhoven kasatsionen sǎd)\" is the final court of appeal in the Republic of Bulgaria. Its work is governed by the Constitution of 1991. According to Article 124, it exercises supreme judicial power over the application","title":"Supreme Court of Cassation of Bulgaria"},{"docid":"6426386","text":"of others. This means taking into account the public interest in free trade and expression. According to the Supreme Court of the United States, trade-marks are very different from patents and copyrights to the extent that they require \"no fancy or imagination, no genius, no laborious thought\". The Supreme Court of Canada calls them \"something of an anomaly\". Unlike other branches of intellectual property law, protection of trade-marks does not necessarily arise from any act of creativity. Using the term \"industrial property\" instead of \"intellectual property\" may be more appropriate when referring to trade-marks, which are mainly commercial devices, although","title":"Canadian trademark law"},{"docid":"19338854","text":"sale abroad does not exhaust a patentee's rights in the United States. Robert M. Gerstein concluded that further review in the Supreme Court was likely: Given the Supreme Court’s interest in patent cases, a vigorous dissent in \"Lexmark\" that relies on a number of Supreme Court precedents, including \"Quanta\" and \"Kirtsaeng\", and the position of the Justice Department that \"Quanta\" overruled \"Mallinckrodt\", it would not be surprising to see the Supreme Court take up Lexmark in its next term. Jeff C. Dodd and Matthew J. Dowd viewed the decision as an affirmation of strong patent rights: \"Lexmark\" embraces a very","title":"Impression Prods., Inc. v. Lexmark Int'l, Inc."},{"docid":"15947500","text":"as Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court. President Ulysses S. Grant made the nomination on March 15, 1869. When Titus left for Arizona Territory, he left his wife and family in Philadelphia. The new judge arrived in Tucson two days after his October court session was scheduled to begin. As per the rules in place at the time, the session was thus not held. In following years he would hold court twice per year, with sessions beginning on the first Monday of both March and October. Each session would begin with hearing of Federal cases. After all Federal","title":"John Titus (jurist)"},{"docid":"18721579","text":"Liban Ali Yarrow Liban Ali Yarrow (, ) is a jurist and military leader from Somalia. He is the Chief of the Supreme Military Court. On 18 February 2014, Yarrow was appointed interim Chief of the Supreme Military Court of Somalia by presidential decree. He succeeded Hassan Mohamed Hussein Mungab at the position, who had earlier been appointed Governor of the Banaadir region and Mayor of Mogadishu. Yarrow's transitional term ended on 18 May 2014, when Abdurahman Mohamud Turyare was named the new Military Court Chief. On 24 September 2014, Yarrow was reappointed Chief of the Supreme Military Court, after","title":"Liban Ali Yarrow"},{"docid":"11350830","text":"Court voted in Justice Douglas Combs as the new Chief Justice on December 1, 2016, when Chief Justice Reif's two-year term expires. It also voted for Justice Noma Zurich to become the next Vice Chief Justice. John F. Reif John F. Reif (born June 19, 1951) is a Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. He was appointed by Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry on October 22, 2007, filling a vacancy created by the retirement of former Justice Robert E. Lavender. Justice Reif has completed a two-year term as Chief Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. He was replaced December 1,","title":"John F. Reif"},{"docid":"18876210","text":"roughly $85,000 for the parcel. In turn, they leased land to dairy farmers who provided milk and butter to an ever-growing San Francisco and prospered. The families of Oscar and James Shafter owned large portions of Point Reyes from 1857 to 1919, when the land was sold in parcels. In 1863, a constitutional amendment meant all of the seats of the Supreme Court of California were open for election. In October 1863, Oscar Shafter was elected as a justice on the Republican Party ticket, and begin his term in January 1864. The justices drew lots for term length and Shafter","title":"Oscar L. Shafter"},{"docid":"2512561","text":"1920 for belonging to the Socialist Party. In a 2008 U.S. Supreme Court decision involving the constitutionality of a law enacted by the New York Legislature, Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in his concurring opinion: \"[A]s I recall my esteemed former colleague, Thurgood Marshall, remarking on numerous occasions: 'The Constitution does not prohibit legislatures from enacting stupid laws.'\" New York State Legislature The New York State Legislature consists of the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of New York. The New York Constitution does not designate an official term for the two houses together.","title":"New York State Legislature"},{"docid":"396707","text":"of Appeals\". In New York, the \"Supreme Court\" is the trial court of general unlimited jurisdiction and the intermediate appellate court is called the \"Supreme Court—Appellate Division\". Maryland's jury trial courts are called \"Circuit Courts\" (non-jury trials are usually conducted by the \"District Courts,\" whose decisions may be appealed to the Circuit Courts), and the intermediate appellate court is called the \"Court of Special Appeals\". West Virginia mixes the two; its highest court is called the \"Supreme Court of Appeals\". Other states' supreme courts have used the term \"Appeals\": New Jersey's supreme courts under the 1844 constitution and Delaware's supreme","title":"State supreme court"},{"docid":"6652661","text":"2006. She has chaired or served on various Supreme Court Committees, subcommittees, and other Court-assigned projects. She has been granted tenure until October 9, 2024. Jaynee LaVecchia Jaynee LaVecchia (born October 9, 1954) is a Justice who was nominated by Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the New Jersey Supreme Court on January 6, 2000. She was confirmed by the New Jersey Senate on January 10, 2000 and sat until 2007 when her term expired. Being successfully reappointed, she was granted tenure until 2024 when she will be constitutionally removed from office for reaching the 70-year age limit on","title":"Jaynee LaVecchia"},{"docid":"6652658","text":"Jaynee LaVecchia Jaynee LaVecchia (born October 9, 1954) is a Justice who was nominated by Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the New Jersey Supreme Court on January 6, 2000. She was confirmed by the New Jersey Senate on January 10, 2000 and sat until 2007 when her term expired. Being successfully reappointed, she was granted tenure until 2024 when she will be constitutionally removed from office for reaching the 70-year age limit on Supreme Court justices. Jaynee LaVecchia was born in Paterson, New Jersey on October 9, 1954. She is a 1976 graduate of Douglass College and graduated","title":"Jaynee LaVecchia"},{"docid":"2195086","text":"are called to the Bar in three sittings in the year, one in Hilary term, one Trinity term, and the other in Michaelmas term. This ceremony takes place in the Supreme Court. All new barristers habit themselves in full court working dress. Senior Counsel are appointed annually in the Call to the Inner Bar, a short ceremony in the Supreme Court towards the end of Michaelmas term. (Junior counsel are members of the Outer or Utter Bar.) On this occasion alone do the new Senior Counsel wear full-bottomed wigs, though with their working robes rather than with the breeches, stockings,","title":"Court dress"},{"docid":"4968022","text":"all laws passed by the Indiana General Assembly that affect the judiciary. The Division of Supreme Court Administration is staffed by clerks who oversee the fiscal management of the courts, including payroll and expenses. In addition, the division is responsible for maintaining the Court's records and assists in its administrative functions. Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution governs the term length of Supreme Court Justices. When there is a vacancy on the Court, a new justice is nominated using a variation of the Missouri Plan. First, the Judicial Nominating Commission submits a list of three qualified nominees to the governor.","title":"Supreme Court of Indiana"},{"docid":"7452775","text":"Supreme Special Court In Greece, the Supreme Special Court () is provided for in the article 100 of the Constitution of Greece. It is not a permanent court and it sits only when a case belonging to its special competence arises. It is regarded as the supreme \"constitutional\" and \"electoral\" court of Greece. Its decisions are irrevocable and binding for all the courts, including the Supreme Courts. However, the \"Supreme Special Court\" does not have an hierarchical relation with the three Supreme Courts (the Court of Cassation, the Council of State and the Chamber of Accounts). It is not considered","title":"Supreme Special Court"},{"docid":"12478775","text":"cases in the state's judicial system. The Court was to consist of a Chief Judge and four associate judges, and have appellate jurisdiction over only criminal and family court cases. This new Court was intended to begin operations in 1980, but this was delayed by a number of constitutional disputes which forced the General Assembly to rewrite the act authorizing the Court, and delaying its opening until 1983. One dispute concerned the court's membership; the state supreme court objected when the judges of the new court were going to include then-sitting legislators. On May 19, 1983, the South Carolina Senate","title":"South Carolina Court of Appeals"},{"docid":"7080223","text":"that he took a test a few months ago and was tested HIV negative and did not mentions his current HIV status. During the same time, Currier begin to have an other sexual relationship with a woman and when she asked about Sexual Transmitted Diseases he did not mention that he was infected. She then discovered that Currier had HIV and ended the relationship. He then was charged with two counts of aggravated sexual assault. That is then when the Supreme Court determined that if a person with HIV does not disclose that they are infected it is considered aggravated","title":"Aggravated sexual assault"},{"docid":"4135004","text":"to the court in the mold of originalist Justice Antonin Scalia. Soon after the inauguration of Bush as president in January 2001, many liberal academics became worried that he would begin packing the federal judiciary with conservative jurists. Yale law professor Bruce Ackerman wrote an article in the February 2001 edition of the liberal magazine \"The American Prospect\" that encouraged the use of the filibuster to stop Bush from placing any nominee on the Supreme Court during his first term. In addition, law professors Cass Sunstein (University of Chicago) and Laurence Tribe (Harvard), along with Marcia Greenberger of the National","title":"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates"},{"docid":"14387730","text":"Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States does not allow cameras in the courtroom when the court is in session, a policy which is the subject of much debate. Although the Court has never allowed cameras in its courtroom, it does make audiotapes of oral arguments and opinions available to the public. In 2009, Pennsylvania Senator Arlen Specter and seven co-sponsors introduced a resolution to express the sense of Congress that sessions of the Court should be televised. In 2009, Specter also introduced a bill that would require open sessions of","title":"Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States"},{"docid":"396708","text":"court were both the \"Court of Errors and Appeals\"; The term \"Errors\" refers to the now-obsolete writ of error, which was used by state supreme courts to correct certain types of egregious errors committed by lower courts. Massachusetts and New Hampshire originally named their highest courts the \"Superior Court of Judicature.\" Currently, Massachusetts uses the names \"Supreme Judicial Court\" (to distinguish itself from the state legislature, which is called the Massachusetts General Court), while New Hampshire uses the name \"Supreme Court\". Additionally the highest court in Maine is named the \"Supreme Judicial Court\". This similar terminology is probably a holdover","title":"State supreme court"},{"docid":"905058","text":"million, 124-turbine Beech Ridge Wind Farm along the tops of several Greenbrier County mountains. The wind farm would produce 186 megawatts of electricity. Development, which was originally expected to begin in late 2007, was stalled when the state Supreme Court agreed to hear the case brought by opponents of the project. Ultimately, The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the developers, clearing the way for construction to begin in the summer of 2009. However, in July of that year, a U.S. District Court in Maryland agreed to hear a case filed by opponents. As of the census of 2000, there","title":"Greenbrier County, West Virginia"},{"docid":"654895","text":"as the Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals in the federal system as well as in most states, whereas the Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York. The Supreme Court has broad authority over all categories of cases, both civil and criminal. Generally the Supreme Court in Putnam hears civil cases involving claims in excess of $25,000. While the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over criminal cases in most counties this is handled by the County Courts. In Putnam however, the Supreme Court does exercise jurisdiction over some criminal cases. The County Court is authorized to","title":"Putnam County, New York"},{"docid":"669359","text":"highest court of appeals in the federal system as well as in most states (the Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York State). The Supreme Court has broad authority over all categories of cases, both civil and criminal. Generally the Supreme Court in Rockland County hears civil cases involving claims in excess of $25,000. While the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over criminal cases in most counties this is handled by the County Courts. In Rockland however, the Supreme Court does exercise jurisdiction over some criminal cases. The County Court is inferior to the Supreme Court and is","title":"Rockland County, New York"},{"docid":"7452783","text":"of the Council of State, chosen by lot. It is presided over by the seniormost judge for the Court of Cassation. Supreme Special Court In Greece, the Supreme Special Court () is provided for in the article 100 of the Constitution of Greece. It is not a permanent court and it sits only when a case belonging to its special competence arises. It is regarded as the supreme \"constitutional\" and \"electoral\" court of Greece. Its decisions are irrevocable and binding for all the courts, including the Supreme Courts. However, the \"Supreme Special Court\" does not have an hierarchical relation with","title":"Supreme Special Court"},{"docid":"14387740","text":"seen. Furthermore, Schaub declares that the only way for the public to truly have access to the Court is to “join the justices in the difficult work of legal interpretation.” She states that most Americans would not be willing or even capable of doing this. Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States does not allow cameras in the courtroom when the court is in session, a policy which is the subject of much debate. Although the Court has never allowed cameras in its courtroom, it does make audiotapes of oral arguments","title":"Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States"},{"docid":"6927278","text":"the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1877, but the term \"Lady Justice\" was used in practice by women soon after they were promoted to sit as judges of the Court of Appeal, and the term was included in the Courts Act 2003. When there is already or has until recently been a judge with the same surname as a new appointee, the new judge will often use a first name as part of his or her judicial title. Many judges have done this, such as Lord Justice Lawrence Collins (Sir Lawrence Antony Collins). When referring to a Lord or Lady","title":"Court of Appeal judge (England and Wales)"},{"docid":"13500888","text":"state supreme court acts directly. As the Supreme Court explained: \"Closer analysis is required when the activity at issue is not directly that of the legislature or supreme court, but is carried out by others pursuant to state authorization... When the conduct is that of the sovereign itself, on the other hand, the danger of unauthorized restraint of trade does not arise. When the conduct at issue is in fact that of the state legislature or supreme court, we need not address the issues of 'clear articulation' and 'active supervision.' However, when it is uncertain whether an act should be","title":"Parker immunity doctrine"},{"docid":"6472440","text":"and is not prohibited from being reappointed to another term. The salaries of the Superior Court justices and other state judges are set by RSA 491-A:1. The Chief Justice of the Superior Court makes $146,917 annually, and associate justices make $137,804 annually. In April 1901, the Superior Court was established by the General Court when two courts were organized to take the place of the Supreme Court as it then existed. The Supreme Court was given jurisdiction over \"law terms,\" or questions of law heard on appeal. The Superior Court was given jurisdiction over trials. Having the two courts, allowed","title":"New Hampshire Superior Court"},{"docid":"8369364","text":"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States The 2005 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 3, 2005 and concluded October 1, 2006. The table illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion. This was the first term of Chief Justice Roberts, who was confirmed following the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist on September 3. Justice O'Connor also retired midterm on January 31, 2006, when she was replaced by Justice Alito. The Court's membership had not changed for the previous eleven terms.","title":"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States"},{"docid":"8369363","text":"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States The 2005 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 3, 2005 and concluded October 1, 2006. The table illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion. This was the first term of Chief Justice Roberts, who was confirmed following the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist on September 3. Justice O'Connor also retired midterm on January 31, 2006, when she was replaced by Justice Alito. The Court's membership had not changed for the previous eleven terms.","title":"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States"},{"docid":"4936036","text":"the Lucas court would \"retroactively\" apply to all California statutes. In the 2010 decision in \"Lu v. Hawaiian Gardens Casino\", Justice Ming Chin wrote for a unanimous court that \"we begin with the premise that a violation of a state statute does not necessarily give rise to a private cause of action.\" Implied cause of action Implied cause of action is a term used in United States statutory and constitutional law for circumstances when a court will determine that a law that creates rights also allows private parties to bring a lawsuit, even though no such remedy is explicitly provided","title":"Implied cause of action"},{"docid":"9209569","text":"term. The court ruled against him. (See 77 Va. 1). Subsequently, however, the legislature has made clear, when electing a justice following the death of a member of the court, whether the term is for the unexpired portion of the former justice's term or for a full term, usually the latter. Judge Burks' son, Martin P. Burks later served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as well. Edward C. Burks Edward Calohill Burks (May 20, 1821 – July 4, 1897) was an American jurist. He served as a judge on the Supreme Court of Virginia from January 9, 1877 through","title":"Edward C. Burks"},{"docid":"2714081","text":"The Supreme Court of Israel overturned the Committee's decision by a majority of eight to one. Israel's Declaration of Independence called for the establishment of a Jewish state with equality of social and political rights, irrespective of religion, race, or sex. The rights of citizens are guaranteed by a set of basic laws (Israel does not have a written constitution). Although this set of laws does not explicitly include the term \"right to equality\", the Israeli Supreme Court has consistently interpreted \"Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty\" and \"Basic Law: Freedom of Occupation (1994)\" as guaranteeing equal rights for all","title":"Arab citizens of Israel"},{"docid":"12941254","text":"the President to take an oath at the beginning of his term, but it does not identify the person or officer who is to administer the oath. (It is traditional for the Chief Justice of the United States to administer the oath, but that is not a constitutional requirement. When George Washington was sworn in on April 30, 1789, neither the Supreme Court nor any other part of the federal judiciary had been created. The oath was administered by Robert Livingston, a New York state judicial officer.) Hoehling kept the second swearing-in a secret until confirming Harry M. Daugherty's revelation","title":"First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge"},{"docid":"18721580","text":"Turyare was named the new head of the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). Liban Ali Yarrow Liban Ali Yarrow (, ) is a jurist and military leader from Somalia. He is the Chief of the Supreme Military Court. On 18 February 2014, Yarrow was appointed interim Chief of the Supreme Military Court of Somalia by presidential decree. He succeeded Hassan Mohamed Hussein Mungab at the position, who had earlier been appointed Governor of the Banaadir region and Mayor of Mogadishu. Yarrow's transitional term ended on 18 May 2014, when Abdurahman Mohamud Turyare was named the new Military Court Chief.","title":"Liban Ali Yarrow"},{"docid":"7164818","text":"nine. Six of the nine commissioners would serve a one-year term and three would serve a two-year term. The commissioners sat in groups of three. This resulted in the creation of four appellate courts, the fourth being the Supreme Court. Select District Court justices were allowed to sit on cases heard by the Supreme Court under four stipulations found in Article V, Section 2 of the state’s constitution. If the court was sitting in two separate five judge divisions, if the constitutionality of a statute was in question, an appeal case of a convicted homicide, and lastly when a decision","title":"Nebraska Supreme Court"},{"docid":"2810121","text":"door when a conference is interrupted. When a state court judge retires, resigns, or dies before completing a term, the Governor may appoint another qualified person to the position. To retain that position, the appointed person must run for election for a full six-year term at the next general election. On occasion, a judge will leave office at the end of a term, in which case a general election determines their replacement. If the Supreme Court needs an additional judge on a temporary basis due to illness, an unfilled position, or a justice is disqualified from sitting on a case","title":"Oregon Supreme Court"},{"docid":"4775445","text":"some forms of exclusive jurisdiction, meaning that it is the only court or government body that can decide the issue. The Florida Constitution, Article V, (3)(b)(1), establishes mandatory jurisdiction for the following: The Florida Constitution, Article V, (3)(b)(3–5), provides discretionary jurisdiction for a much larger set of circumstances, including: The Florida Constitution further grants the Supreme Court original nonexclusive jurisdiction over certain matters. \"Original\" means that the case can begin and end in the state Supreme Court absent a basis for further appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. \"Nonexclusive\" means that these matters do not absolutely have to begin in","title":"Supreme Court of Florida"},{"docid":"4009750","text":"court\" is used to mean the general sense of the term, while \"Superior Court\" is used to refer to specific courts in provinces which use that term to designate their superior trial courts. In Ontario and Quebec, this court is known as Superior Court (\"Cour supérieure\"); in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and New Brunswick, as Court of Queen's Bench (\"Cour du Banc de la Reine\"); and in Newfoundland and Labrador, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories as the Supreme Court (\"Cour suprême\"). The term \"Supreme Court\" can be confusing as it could suggest a final","title":"Court system of Canada"},{"docid":"12997645","text":"Party and elected on October 15, 1873, to the California Supreme Court, where he served from January 1874 to October 1, 1888. McKinstry filled the seat of former Chief Justice Royal Sprague, who died in office, and whose appointed successor, Isaac S. Belcher, did not run for election. In 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all seats on the Supreme Court, McKinstry was nominated by both the Democratic Party and Workingman's Party and was re-elected. The newly elected judges drew lots to determine the length of term, and McKinstry drew an 11-year term. His notable cases","title":"Elisha W. McKinstry"},{"docid":"4819467","text":"regard, or has taught law at a university or a higher school of learning as designated in regulations in this regard. An \"eminent jurist\" can also be appointed to the Supreme Court. The number of Supreme Court Judges is determined by a resolution of the Knesset. Currently, there are 15 Supreme Court Judges. At the head of the Supreme Court and at the head of the judicial system as a whole stands the President of the Supreme Court, and at his or her side, the Deputy President. A judge's term ends when he or she reaches 70 years of age,","title":"Supreme Court of Israel"},{"docid":"1735826","text":"and rules adopted by each department of the Appellate Division. Each department of the Appellate Division has a committee that investigates complaints of attorney misconduct and may issue reprimands or recommend censure, suspension, or disbarment to the Appellate Division. The Appellate Divisions were created by the New York State Constitution of 1894 to succeed the General Term of the Supreme Court, effective January 1, 1896. New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division The Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court of the State of New York are the intermediate appellate courts in New York State. There are four Appellate Divisions, one in","title":"New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division"},{"docid":"8588147","text":"party control federal patronage appointments in their states. There are several benefits, including the following: The beginning of an appointment does not necessarily coincide with the date the Senate convenes or when the new senator is sworn in. In the case of senators first elected in a general election for the upcoming Congress, their terms begin on the first day of the new Congress. Since 1935, that means January 3 of odd-numbered years. The seniority date for an appointed senator is usually the date of the appointment, although the actual term does not begin until they take the oath of","title":"Seniority in the United States Senate"},{"docid":"12611382","text":"lower courts, the Supreme Court does not deal with the issue of guilt. However, the basis on which the lower court reached its verdict may be brought into consideration and edited. In criminal trials by jury in the first instance, the defence may appeal on grounds of judicial error regarding the judges' direction to the jury (the summing-up of the theoretical foundations, which should be taken into consideration when the jurors deliberate). Supreme Court (Denmark) The Supreme Court (, lit. \"Highest Court\") is the supreme court and the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in the","title":"Supreme Court (Denmark)"},{"docid":"7121315","text":"Wyoming Supreme Court The Wyoming Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. Each Justice is appointed by the Governor of Wyoming from a list of three nominees submitted by the judicial nominating commission, for an eight-year term. One year after being appointed, a new justice stands for retention in office on a statewide ballot at the next general election. If a majority votes for retention, the justice serves the remainder of the term and may stand for retention for succeeding eight-year terms by means","title":"Wyoming Supreme Court"},{"docid":"13885920","text":"serve on the Queens County Court and spent most of his judicial career on criminal cases. He served as the court's senior judge from 1945 until 1961, when the court was abolished and its responsibilities consolidated into the New York Supreme Court. He was the senior judge in Queens on the Supreme Court, Criminal Term, until he stepped down in 1976. Farrell presided over the 1952 trial of bank robber Willie Sutton in which Sutton had been charged with the 1950 heist of $63,942 from a branch of the Manufacturers Trust Company in Sunnyside, Queens, part of more than $2","title":"Peter T. Farrell"},{"docid":"428130","text":"Admissions Clause grants Congress the authority to admit new states, but forbids the creation of new states from parts of existing states without the consent of the affected states. The Supreme Court has held that the Constitution requires all states to be admitted on an equal footing, though the Admissions Clause does not expressly include this requirement. The Property Clause grants Congress the power to make laws for the territories and other federal lands. The Guarantee Clause mandates that United States guarantee that all states have a \"republican form of government,\" though it does not define this term. Article Four","title":"Article Four of the United States Constitution"},{"docid":"20927494","text":"Rules of Criminal Procedure, the District Court accepted Class’ guilty plea and sentenced him. Soon thereafter, Class sought to raise his constitutional claims on direct appeal. The Court of Appeals held that Class could not do so because, by pleading guilty, he had waived his constitutional claims. A guilty plea, by itself, does not bar a federal criminal defendant from challenging the constitutionality of his statute of conviction on direct appeal. 2017 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-424_g2bh.pdf Class v. United States Class v. United States is a Supreme court decision related to the ability","title":"Class v. United States"},{"docid":"7670357","text":"12 of which have adjudicatory functions. The 13th justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the Chief Justice as the Minister of Court Administration, and does not participate in rendering judicial opinions. The Chief Justice of Korea is appointed to the court by the President with the consent of the National Assembly of South Korea, and serves a non-renewable term of six years from the time of appointment. The Chief Justice acts as the head of the judicial branch of the Republic of Korea, and has broad administrative powers under the Constitution, including the right to recommend other justices","title":"Supreme Court of South Korea"},{"docid":"2810145","text":"The U.S. Supreme Court then overturned the Oregon Supreme Court's decision in \"United States v. Oregon\", 366 U. S. 643 (1961). On the administrative end of the court, the Oregon Court of Appeals was created in 1969 as an intermediate appellate court in Oregon. With this change, the Supreme Court now generally does not hear appeals directly from the trial level courts of the state, with some exceptions such as death penalty cases. Other changes came in 1981 when the Oregon Legislature and justice Arno Denecke reformed the chief justice position from a simple head of the court in title","title":"Oregon Supreme Court"},{"docid":"20473996","text":"sets out the jurisdiction of the court: the Supreme Court is the final court of appeal for The Gambia and also has appellate and other jurisdiction as defined by the Constitution. It does not have original jurisdiction in any criminal matter. The court may overrule a previous decision \"when it appears right to do so\", and all other courts are bound to follow the decisions of the Supreme Court on a matter of law. Section 67(2)(b) states that when the Speaker acts on a notification of misconduct by the President, he must appoint a tribunal led by the Chief Justice","title":"Supreme Court of the Gambia"},{"docid":"12514857","text":"was sent back for a new petition to the commission to be appealed. It was consolidated with a 10th circuit case, which ruled adversely, and the Supreme Court chose not to review a second time. The Court also held that Arizona may petition to have more requirements added to the federal standard. In a second 2012 Supreme Court case, Ryan v. Gonzales, Horne argued that a death row inmate does not have the right to suspend federal habeas corpus proceedings when found incompetent to assist counsel. In a 9-0 decision Horne won. In 2013 Horne wrote an opinion that defended","title":"Tom Horne"},{"docid":"10235562","text":"of dealing with complaints to the Supreme Court made by the families of so-called \"disappeareds\". Last night's developments came as a full bench of the Supreme Court was due to make a second attempt to begin consideration of the case brought against the Chief Justice. An initial attempt to begin proceedings was thwarted when one of the 14 judges set to hear the case, Falak Sher, declined to take part. Security Insiders Claim Musharraf is responsible for the murder as he was carrying out clean-up operations and hence the Chief justice and Hammad were an Obstacle to his Re-Election and","title":"Syed Hammad Raza"},{"docid":"6929370","text":"his judicial career in 1999 when Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber appointed him to the Oregon Court of Appeals. He started service on that court on January 14, 1999, replacing R. William Riggs who had been elevated to the Oregon Supreme Court. Kistler served on Oregon's intermediate court of appeals until August 14, 2003, when he was himself appointed to the Oregon Supreme Court. On August 15, 2003, he was appointed to the Oregon Supreme Court to replace Susan M. Leeson who had resigned. Appointed by governor Ted Kulongoski, he won election to a full six-year term in 2004, winning 60","title":"Rives Kistler"},{"docid":"19030809","text":"supreme court again until 1982, when on July 25 Ruby Kless Sondock became the court's first regular female justice, when she was appointed to replace Associate Justice James G. Denton who had died of a heart attack. Sondock served the remainder of Denton's term, which ended on December 31, 1982, but did not seek election to the Supreme Court in her own right. Rose Spector became the first woman elected to the court in 1992 and served until 1998 when she was defeated by Harriet O'Neill. It would be 66 years (2015) before another state high court, this time the","title":"All-Woman Supreme Court"},{"docid":"18876200","text":"he was elected to a four-year term on the county probate court as the nominee of the Tax Payer's Convention, taking office on January 1, 1872. He was reelected as a Republican in 1875, his second term running from January 1, 1876, to December 31, 1879. In 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all seats on the Supreme Court, he was nominated as a Republican candidate and was elected as an Associate Justice. The new justices drew lots to determine length of term with Myrick picking seven years, serving from January 5, 1880 to January 3,","title":"Milton H. Myrick"},{"docid":"4849943","text":"as the power to determine the jurisdiction of that court. There are seven Justices on the court, who are elected to six-year terms in officially nonpartisan elections and who are not subject to term limits, which were rejected by voters in 1996. The Governor appoints Justices in the case of a vacancy. The most senior justice becomes Chief Justice for a two-year term. When Nevada was admitted to the federal union in 1864, three justices were elected to the Supreme Court for a term of six years. This was increased to five justices in 1967, and to seven justices in","title":"Supreme Court of Nevada"},{"docid":"7835746","text":"Congress. During his term, he served as chairman of the House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War. He was unsuccessful as candidate for reelection in 1820. Henry Brush was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio in the 1828-1829 term. John Goodenow of Steubenville, Ohio, a Jacksonian, was chosen by the legislature in early 1830 to a position on the State Supreme Court. When Goodenow resigned because of eye trouble, his place was taken by Henry Brush who was appointed by Governor Allen Trimble and served again as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio from","title":"Henry Brush"},{"docid":"12960110","text":"become wealthy and famous through his partnership with his uncle. In October 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all court seats, he was elected to the Supreme Court of California and began his term on January 5, 1880. A Democrat, he was elected at age 34 without having served on the bench of any lower court. The newly elected justices drew lots to determine their length of term, and both he and John Sharpstein drew three-year terms. In October 1882, Ross was re-elected on the Democratic ticket along with Sharpstein to a 12-year term on the","title":"Erskine Mayo Ross"},{"docid":"9173905","text":"of the State Constitution. The state court system of New Jersey comprises the New Jersey Supreme Court, the state supreme court, and many lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the state. It hears appeals from the Appellate Courts. It has the capacity, rarely exercised, to look into other cases within the judicial and executive branches. The Court consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. All are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they","title":"Government of New Jersey"},{"docid":"18876144","text":"by Governor William Irwin. In 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all seats on the Supreme Court, Thornton was nominated by both the Democratic Party and Workingman's Party and was elected. The newly elected judges drew lots to determine the length of term, and Thornton drew an 11-year term, the same length as Elisha W. McKinstry. In November 1890, just prior to the end of his term, he ran unsuccessfully as a Democrat for judge of San Francisco County Superior Court. Instead, after stepping down from the high court he returned to private practice. He died","title":"James D. Thornton"},{"docid":"7671896","text":"Bangladesh, 1972. There are two Divisions of the Supreme Court, i.e. (a) Appellate Division and (b) High Court Division. Appellate Division is the highest Court of Appeal and usually does not exercise the powers of a court of first instance. Whereas, the High Court Division is a Court of first instance in writ/judicial review, company and admiralty matters. The Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals from the courts","title":"Supreme court"},{"docid":"6573058","text":"court below is affirmed as if the Court had been equally divided on the case. An exception exists when this situation arises in one of the now-rare cases brought directly to the Supreme Court on appeal from a United States District Court; in this situation, the case is referred to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the corresponding circuit for a final decision there by either the Court of Appeals sitting en banc, or a panel consisting of the three most senior active circuit judges. Throughout the term, but mostly during the last months of the term—May, June, and, if","title":"Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States"},{"docid":"13231345","text":"of New York's State Supreme Court and, in March 1998, became an Associate Justice of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, Third Judicial Department. Her selection for a 14-year term to New York State's Court of Appeals, also by Governor Pataki, was confirmed by the New York State Senate on November 29, 2000. Judge Graffeo applied to the New York State Commission on Judicial Nominations to be considered for appointment to a second term. The Commission included Graffeo on its list of seven candidates for the position. Governor Andrew Cuomo declined to reappoint Graffeo and instead selected Appellate Division,","title":"Victoria A. Graffeo"},{"docid":"20517866","text":"in February 2006, to replace Sidney Galton. She was re-elected to a new six-year term in 2012. Governor Kate Brown appointed Nelson to the Oregon Supreme Court in January 2018, to replace justice Jack Landau, who retired on December 31, 2017. Justice Nelson's current term on the Supreme Court ends in January 2019, and she is eligible to run for re-election in November 2018. Nelson is the first African-American to serve on the Oregon Supreme Court, or on any kind of appellate court in Oregon. Adrienne Nelson Adrienne Nelson (born 1967) is an American lawyer and judge who is an","title":"Adrienne Nelson"},{"docid":"16450320","text":"Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court) The Greenhouse Effect is a theory of Supreme Court justices' behavior, first proposed by Hoover Institution economist Thomas Sowell and popularized by D.C. Court of Appeals Senior Judge Laurence Silberman in a speech to The Federalist Society in 1992. Here, the word \"Greenhouse\" refers to Linda Greenhouse, a Pulitzer Prize winning reporter who covered the Supreme Court for the \"New York Times\" for 40 years. Silberman used the term to postulate a tendency of conservative Supreme Court Justices to vote with the liberals more often as their careers progress due to a desire for","title":"Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court)"},{"docid":"15859226","text":"on the matter. The Canadian Cayugas, still represented by Gen. Strong, sought mandamus relief from the Board's decision in the New York Supreme Court in Albany. The matter was argued in early August 1884. Justice Peckham affirmed the Board on August 5. Gen. Strong appealed the decision to the New York Supreme Court, General Term in Albany. The General Term reversed in March 1885, entering an order that the claim be paid. The state appealed to the New York Court of Appeals. The case was argued before the Court of Appeals on April 20, by Gen. Strong and O'Brien. The","title":"That Portion of the Cayuga Indians Residing in Canada v. State"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"13127523\",\n \"text\": \"for two years, the judges must acquire the support of the electorate to serve for a 10-year term. In nearly all cases, the Supreme Court does not have original jurisdiction and can only hear cases that are petitioned to the court following being heard in lower courts. Local circuit courts are where the majority of cases begin with a trial and the consequence decided by the jury. The Supreme Court does have original and sole jurisdiction in certain specific areas including the practice of law, discipline or disbarment of Judges appointed to the lower state courts, and supervision over the\",\n \"title\": \"Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6391615\",\n \"text\": \"for associate justice of the Supreme Court of California. In September 1859, he was elected, but before his term was to begin he was appointed by Governor John B. Weller to fill a vacancy on the court starting September 20, 1859, when David S. Terry resigned to fight a duel. He became Chief Justice on March 11, 1863, filling the vacancy after President Abraham Lincoln appointed Stephen J. Field to the U.S. Supreme Court. Cope himself left the court at the end of that year when a constitutional amendment required new judicial elections. In 1877, Cope was a judge on\",\n \"title\": \"Warner Cope\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17831716\",\n \"text\": \"9, 1942, he was appointed by Gov. Herbert H. Lehman to the City Court, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward J. Kelly. In November 1942, he was elected to a full ten-year term, and was re-elected in November 1952. On November 2, 1954, he was elected to the New York Supreme Court for a 14-year term beginning on January 1, 1955. On November 20, 1954, six weeks before his term would begin, he was appointed by Gov. Thomas E. Dewey to the Supreme Court, to fill a vacancy. He was re-elected in November 1968, became an\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob J. Schwartzwald\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3446871\",\n \"text\": \"of canvassers in the first place and the Supreme Court was unable to compel the board to recount when the board effectively ceased to exist. Bloxham applied to the supreme court for a writ of quo warranto on February 20, 1871 to challenge Day's victory, but the case did not begin until November 15. On June 1, 1872, the court finally ruled that Bloxham had won the 1870 election, by which time he had missed every state senate session in the term, meaning the term was effectively concluded. Although he took the oath of office on June 3, he couldn't\",\n \"title\": \"William D. Bloxham\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18961765\",\n \"text\": \"In August 1852 President Millard Fillmore nominated Hayner to the post of Chief Justice of the Minnesota Territorial Supreme Court after his recess appointment of Jerome Fuller expired. Hayner's nomination was promptly approved and he left for the Minnesota Territory. When he arrived in October 1852 it was too late to begin the fall term of the court leaving Hayner with little work to do. In April 1853 he was replaced when the newly elected President Franklin Pierce nominated William H. Welch to the position. Hayner returned to New York and started a law practice in New York City. At\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Z. Hayner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11729084\",\n \"text\": \"of the Supreme Court changed its Norwegian name from \\\"Høyesteretts kjæremålsutvalg\\\" to Høyesteretts ankeutvalg, on account of the sole use of the term \\\"anke\\\" (appeal) instead of the antiquated synonymous term \\\"kjæremål\\\". Appeals Selection Committee of the Supreme Court of Norway The Appeals Selection Committee of the Supreme Court (in Norwegian Høyesteretts ankeutvalg) was originally a court of Norway in its own right, however, it does not anymore constitute an instance – a case will be decided upon \\\"either\\\" by the Appeals Selection Committee \\\"or\\\" by the Supreme Court. The Appeals Selection Committee intermittently comprises three Supreme Court Justices appointed\",\n \"title\": \"Appeals Selection Committee of the Supreme Court of Norway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5663465\",\n \"text\": \"At that time, they must face a retention election. If retained, they begin a six-year term. After their first term, justices must file for direct election by the people of Oklahoma to retain their position. Unlike the Supreme Court of the United States, the Oklahoma Constitution specifies the size of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. However, the legislature maintains the power to fix the number of justices. According to Article VII, section 2 of the Oklahoma Constitution, the court must consist of nine justices, one justice from each of the nine judicial districts of the state. Each justice, at the time\",\n \"title\": \"Oklahoma Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4401062\",\n \"text\": \"Judiciary Act of 1869 Congress had established that the United States Supreme Court would consist of the Chief Justice and eight associate justices. During Roosevelt's first term the Supreme Court struck down several New Deal measures as being unconstitutional. Roosevelt sought to reverse this by changing the makeup of the court through the appointment of new additional justices who he hoped would rule his legislative initiatives did not exceed the constitutional authority of the government. Since the U.S. Constitution does not define the size of the Supreme Court, Roosevelt pointed out that it was within the power of the Congress\",\n \"title\": \"Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4220525\",\n \"text\": \"number of constitutional amendments, among them a reorganization of the state court system, changing the legislatures sessions to occur annually rather than biennially, a change that would allow governors to begin serving consecutive terms again, and the placing of a new cabinet position(s) in the constitution. Whitcomb however, could not run for a second term because he had been elected under the prior version of the constitution. Another significant event occurred during his first months in office when the Indiana Supreme Court ruled that the pocket veto was unconstitutional, which passed into law several bills that had been pocket vetoed\",\n \"title\": \"Edgar Whitcomb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6652660\",\n \"text\": \"She was Director and Chief Administrative Law Judge for the Office of Administrative Law from 1989 through July 1994. In 1996, she was elected a Fellow of the American Bar Association. On August 24, 1998, LaVecchia became Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. Justice LaVecchia was nominated by Republican Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the Supreme Court on December 24, 1999. She was confirmed by the Senate on January 10, 2000 and sworn in for a term to begin February 1, 2000. Governor Jon Corzine reappointed her to the New Jersey Supreme Court in\",\n \"title\": \"Jaynee LaVecchia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9567959\",\n \"text\": \"and Nashville. The court may meet in other locations as necessary. As an appellate court, there are no juries and the court does not hear testimony from witnesses. Rather, attorneys present oral and written arguments for the court's consideration. Decisions of the Court of Criminal Appeals decisions may be appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court by permission. All decisions in capital cases are, however, appealed automatically. The judges are elected to eight-year terms. If a vacancy occurs during a judge's term, the governor appoints a new judge to serve until the next August of an even-numbered year, when a state\",\n \"title\": \"Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9675266\",\n \"text\": \"the length of present continuous service on the court. If a vacancy occurs before the end of the two-year term, the justices determine an eligible justice to serve by majority vote for the remainder of that term. The Chief Justice has the power to, when necessary, designate any Supreme Court justice or District Court judge to sit on the Court of Appeals, or designate any judge of the Court of Appeals to sit on the Supreme Court or on a District Court. Additionally, whenever the governor fails to make an appointment to any court within the prescribed thirty-day period, the\",\n \"title\": \"New Mexico Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18032514\",\n \"text\": \"and with publishing appraisals of draft legislation presented to the National Council by the government. In spite of its name, the court is not a supreme court in the strict sense of the term: it has no powers of judicial review, does not adjudicate on liability claims against the Republic and its bureaucracy, does not handle impeachments of elected officials, and does not resolve demarcation conflicts. The court does not have a fixed number of members. As of the early 21st century, there are typically between fifty and sixty justices on the court; as of August 2018, the exact number\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4121154\",\n \"text\": \"does not preside over trials. Appellate court hearings do not involve witnesses, juries, new evidence, or court reporters. Instead, an appellate court reviews the written record of the trial court to determine whether any significant legal errors occurred. The Rules of Appellate Procedure list the requirements for filing an appeal. The seven-member Supreme Court of Iowa has many important responsibilities. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list of nominees submitted by the State Judicial Nominating Commission. A justice serves an initial term of office that is one year after appointment and until January 1 following the next judicial\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Iowa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"396709\",\n \"text\": \"from the time when Maine was part of Massachusetts. In Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York, the highest courts formerly used variations of the term \\\"Court of Errors,\\\" which indicated that the court's primary purpose was to correct the errors of lower courts. Oklahoma and Texas have two separate supreme courts: one for criminal appeals and one for civil cases. In both states, the first is formally called the Court of Criminal Appeals, and the second is called the Supreme Court. Texas and Oklahoma have dual supreme courts. In Texas, both have nine justices. In Oklahoma the Supreme Court\",\n \"title\": \"State supreme court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16592985\",\n \"text\": \"in any particular way. We have never required that Congress use magic words.\\\" The court held that as the 9th Circuit stated, \\\"actual damages\\\" is a legal term of art and its meaning is far from clear. Like the Ninth Circuit the Supreme Court stated that \\\"actual damages has this chameleon like quality, we cannot rely on any all-purpose definition but must consider the particular context in which the term appears.\\\" The Supreme Court held that the Privacy Act does not unequivocally authorize an award of damages for mental or emotional distress. Accordingly, the Act does not waive the Federal\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Aviation Administration v. Cooper\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18306333\",\n \"text\": \"v. Commonwealth\\\" was being decided in the courts. The Supreme Court decided that \\\"Padilla V. Commonwealth of Kentucky\\\" could not be held retroactively, due to the Supreme Court's decision in \\\"Teague v. Lane\\\". \\\"Teague v. Lane\\\" said that Supreme Court cases could not be applied retroactively if they apply a \\\"new rule\\\" or obligation on the part of the government. A court case is considered a new rule when \\\"the result is not dictated by precedent existing at the time the defendant's conviction became final” but does not create a new rule when it is merely extending a previously ruling.\",\n \"title\": \"Chaidez v. United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12724654\",\n \"text\": \"back as 1793. President George Washington attempted to appoint William Paterson to the Supreme Court on February 27, 1793, after the resignation of Associate Justice Thomas Johnson. However, Paterson, who was serving as Governor of New Jersey, had previously been elected to serve a Senate term that would expire at noon on March 4, 1793. Washington withdrew the nomination and withheld it until the afternoon of March 4, when the term for the disqualifying office had expired. In 1882, a formal opinion by the Attorney General concluded that resignation from Congress does not free a member to be appointed to\",\n \"title\": \"Saxbe fix\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16798316\",\n \"text\": \"term and a 500000 NIS fine. IDB Holdings and Strum’s ISP Trading Group were fined 250000 NIS and 150000 NIS. Dankner appealed the conviction to the Israeli Supreme Court. On 29 August 2018, the Supreme Court rejected his appeal and increased his sentence to three years in prison. It also doubled Itay Strum's sentence to two years in prison. The Supreme Court ruled that he would begin serving his sentence on 2 October 2018. On 2 October, he arrived at Maasiyahu Prison to begun serving his sentence. Nochi Dankner Nochi Dankner (; born 13 November 1954) is an Israeli businessman.\",\n \"title\": \"Nochi Dankner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17900870\",\n \"text\": \"States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that \\\"[p]rolonged surveillance reveals types of information not revealed by short-term surveillance, such as what a person does repeatedly, what he does not do, and what he does ensemble.\\\" (The Supreme Court later affirmed \\\"Maynard\\\" on narrower grounds in \\\"United States v. Jones\\\", 565 U.S. ___ (2012).) Third, it held that users do not voluntarily convey cell site information to their mobile providers. The government argued that cell site information is not entitled to Fourth Amendment protections, citing Supreme Court cases holding that law enforcement does not need a\",\n \"title\": \"In re Application of the United States for Historical Cell Site Data\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14833493\",\n \"text\": \"the offence of scandalizing the court. The Chief Justice and other Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President acting on the advice of Cabinet. The President must consult the Chief Justice when appointing other judges, and may exercise personal discretion to refuse to make an appointment if he does not concur with the Cabinet's advice. Supreme Court justices enjoy security of tenure up to the age of 65 years, after which they cease to hold office. However, the Constitution permits such judges to be re-appointed on a term basis, as well as for judicial commissioners to be appointed for\",\n \"title\": \"Judicial independence in Singapore\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4252667\",\n \"text\": \"indication of its duties was given, only term limits of its judges (7 years). As time progressed and political philosophies changed, people took issue with numerous parts of the original constitution: It was hastily thrown together, used property qualifications for enfranchisement, contained scant guarantees of freedoms, was unamendable, and freely intermingled the three branches of government. Under the current (1947 and amended) constitution, the highest court in the state is the Supreme Court. It does not have original jurisdiction, hearing appeals, regulating the state's court system, and regulating the legal profession within the state. Normally, an appeal from one of\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of New Jersey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3945038\",\n \"text\": \"Federal Supreme Court examines the application of the law and does not examine the facts of the other courts below, unless evidently flawed. When an appeal is filed, the Federal Supreme Court examines whether the law was correctly applied in the contested decision and thus ensures the uniform application of federal law throughout the country. Its decisions contribute to the development of the law and to its adaptation to new circumstances. The other courts and the administrative authorities use the decisions of the Federal Supreme Court as a reference and adopt their principles. Procedures before the Federal Supreme Court take\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16975848\",\n \"text\": \"reporter in that the editors write headnotes and case summaries, as well as provide annotations to some cases, and decisions are published far in advance of the official reporter. As such, it is similar to West's unofficial \\\"Supreme Court Reporter\\\" (S. Ct.). \\\"Lawyers' Edition\\\" case reports differ from \\\"Supreme Court Reporter\\\" case reports in three respects. First, coverage in \\\"Supreme Court Reporter\\\" does not begin until \\\"Johnson v. Waters\\\", 108 U.S. 4 (1882), while \\\"Lawyers' Edition\\\" covers opinions back to the first volume of \\\"United States Reports\\\". Second, while both reporters contain headnotes written by the reporters' editors, the \\\"Lawyers'\",\n \"title\": \"Lawyers' Edition\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11992105\",\n \"text\": \"District of Washington for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, in violation of the ACCA. The District Court held that respondent's drug-trafficking convictions were not convictions for \\\"serious drug offense[s]\\\" under ACCA because the \\\"maximum term of imprisonment\\\" is determined without reference to recidivist enhancements. On appeal, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed, holding that \\\"the maximum term of imprisonment ... prescribed by law\\\" must be determined without taking recidivist enhancements into account. The Supreme Court granted \\\"certiorari\\\". Does a crime qualify as \\\"serious\\\" for purposes of the Armed Career Criminal Act when the underlying\",\n \"title\": \"United States v. Rodriquez\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6731875\",\n \"text\": \"governorship had been declared by Supreme Court as unconstitutional, mala fide, void, ultra vires, etc. While the President of India is \\\"elected\\\", the governor is \\\"selected\\\" by the incumbent central government. That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political. The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term but this is generally not adhered to. Political observers have described governorship as \\\"plush old age homes\\\" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders.\",\n \"title\": \"Governor (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1723729\",\n \"text\": \"against the State's unwarranted usurpation, disregard, or disrespect.\\\" This principle must inform the understanding of the \\\"special weight\\\" that \\\"Troxel\\\" requires courts to give to parents' decisions concerning whether, when and how grandparents will associate with their children. Even though \\\"Troxel\\\" does not define \\\"special weight,\\\" previous Supreme Court precedent indicates that \\\"special weight\\\" is a strong term signifying very considerable deference. The \\\"special weight\\\" requirement, as illuminated by these prior Supreme Court cases, means that the deference provided to the parent's wishes will be overcome only by some compelling governmental interest and by overwhelmingly clear factual circumstances supporting that\",\n \"title\": \"Grandparent visitation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7490891\",\n \"text\": \"sexual orientation when interviewing for jobs as law clerks. Well into the 1990s, some management staff at the Court still openly used derogatory terms to refer to gay people. In the early 1990s, Waters was instrumental both in creating and then greatly expanding the Florida Supreme Court's website at a time when the World-Wide Web was new and barely understood. Under the administration of Chief Justice Gerald Kogan, Waters led the Florida Supreme Court's efforts to begin webcasting video of all of its oral arguments when the technology to do so first became available. Simultaneously, the Court began broadcasting via\",\n \"title\": \"Craig Waters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1919605\",\n \"text\": \"a U.S. Supreme Court decision in \\\"N.Y. State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres\\\". New York Supreme Court justices are elected to 14-year terms. A Supreme Court Justice's term ends, even if the 14-year term has not yet expired, at the end of the calendar year in which he or she reaches the age of 70. However, an elected Supreme Court Justice may obtain certification to continue in office, without having to be re-elected, for three two-year periods, until final retirement at the end of the year in which the Justice turns 76. These additional six years of service are\",\n \"title\": \"New York Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1919607\",\n \"text\": \"on May 6, 1691. That court was continued by the State of New York after independence was declared in 1776. It became the New York Supreme Court under the New York Constitutional Convention of 1846. In November 2004, the court system merged the operations of two separate criminal courts—the Bronx County Criminal Court and the Criminal Term of Bronx County Supreme Court—into a single trial court of criminal jurisdiction known as the Bronx Criminal Division. New York Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State\",\n \"title\": \"New York Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19334595\",\n \"text\": \"minds, but someone who brings to his work a spirit of decency, modesty, integrity, even-handedness and excellence. Presidents do not stop working in the final year of their term; neither should a Senator.\\\" Obama stated: \\\"To suggest that someone as qualified and respected as Merrick Garland does not even deserve a hearing, let alone an up-or-down vote, to join an institution as important as our Supreme Court, when two-thirds of Americans believe otherwise—that would be unprecedented.\\\" Garland then briefly spoke, stating that \\\"fidelity to the Constitution and the law have been the cornerstone of my professional life\\\" and promising to\",\n \"title\": \"Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7489419\",\n \"text\": \"the rest of his life. During the 1940s, he was appointed to serve a 14-year term as a Justice of the Kings County Court, then the principal trial court for criminal matters in Brooklyn. After briefly considering a third-party nomination for Mayor of New York City, Leibowitz was reelected to his judgeship in 1954. When the County Courts in New York City were merged into the trial-level New York State Supreme Court in 1962 as part of a court reorganization in 1962, Leibowitz's title changed to New York State Supreme Court Justice. Over the years, Leibowitz heard a number of\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Leibowitz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15512343\",\n \"text\": \"DeForte's was pending before the Supreme Court, and the appeals court delayed its decision in his case until the Supreme Court made its decision. When it did, it reversed the district court since the circumstances of the case were identical. In 1970 the New York Court of Appeals granted both defendants' requests for a new trial. \\\"Mancusi\\\" would be the only time the Court granted a \\\"habeas\\\" petition through the application of the exclusionary rule. It upheld the general permissibility of such claims the following term in \\\"Kaufman v. United States\\\", But seven years after that, in 1976, \\\"Stone v.\",\n \"title\": \"Mancusi v. DeForte\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8900322\",\n \"text\": \"when it finds a contradiction between the laws and the Constitution of the Republic. The Chairman of this Court is appointed for a seven-year term and is dismissed by the President of the Republic on motion from the Supreme Judicial Council. The Chairman is not eligible for a second term. Supreme Court of Cassation of Bulgaria The Supreme Court of Cassation \\\"(Върховен касационен съд - Vǎrhoven kasatsionen sǎd)\\\" is the final court of appeal in the Republic of Bulgaria. Its work is governed by the Constitution of 1991. According to Article 124, it exercises supreme judicial power over the application\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Cassation of Bulgaria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6426386\",\n \"text\": \"of others. This means taking into account the public interest in free trade and expression. According to the Supreme Court of the United States, trade-marks are very different from patents and copyrights to the extent that they require \\\"no fancy or imagination, no genius, no laborious thought\\\". The Supreme Court of Canada calls them \\\"something of an anomaly\\\". Unlike other branches of intellectual property law, protection of trade-marks does not necessarily arise from any act of creativity. Using the term \\\"industrial property\\\" instead of \\\"intellectual property\\\" may be more appropriate when referring to trade-marks, which are mainly commercial devices, although\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian trademark law\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19338854\",\n \"text\": \"sale abroad does not exhaust a patentee's rights in the United States. Robert M. Gerstein concluded that further review in the Supreme Court was likely: Given the Supreme Court’s interest in patent cases, a vigorous dissent in \\\"Lexmark\\\" that relies on a number of Supreme Court precedents, including \\\"Quanta\\\" and \\\"Kirtsaeng\\\", and the position of the Justice Department that \\\"Quanta\\\" overruled \\\"Mallinckrodt\\\", it would not be surprising to see the Supreme Court take up Lexmark in its next term. Jeff C. Dodd and Matthew J. Dowd viewed the decision as an affirmation of strong patent rights: \\\"Lexmark\\\" embraces a very\",\n \"title\": \"Impression Prods., Inc. v. Lexmark Int'l, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15947500\",\n \"text\": \"as Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court. President Ulysses S. Grant made the nomination on March 15, 1869. When Titus left for Arizona Territory, he left his wife and family in Philadelphia. The new judge arrived in Tucson two days after his October court session was scheduled to begin. As per the rules in place at the time, the session was thus not held. In following years he would hold court twice per year, with sessions beginning on the first Monday of both March and October. Each session would begin with hearing of Federal cases. After all Federal\",\n \"title\": \"John Titus (jurist)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18721579\",\n \"text\": \"Liban Ali Yarrow Liban Ali Yarrow (, ) is a jurist and military leader from Somalia. He is the Chief of the Supreme Military Court. On 18 February 2014, Yarrow was appointed interim Chief of the Supreme Military Court of Somalia by presidential decree. He succeeded Hassan Mohamed Hussein Mungab at the position, who had earlier been appointed Governor of the Banaadir region and Mayor of Mogadishu. Yarrow's transitional term ended on 18 May 2014, when Abdurahman Mohamud Turyare was named the new Military Court Chief. On 24 September 2014, Yarrow was reappointed Chief of the Supreme Military Court, after\",\n \"title\": \"Liban Ali Yarrow\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11350830\",\n \"text\": \"Court voted in Justice Douglas Combs as the new Chief Justice on December 1, 2016, when Chief Justice Reif's two-year term expires. It also voted for Justice Noma Zurich to become the next Vice Chief Justice. John F. Reif John F. Reif (born June 19, 1951) is a Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. He was appointed by Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry on October 22, 2007, filling a vacancy created by the retirement of former Justice Robert E. Lavender. Justice Reif has completed a two-year term as Chief Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. He was replaced December 1,\",\n \"title\": \"John F. Reif\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18876210\",\n \"text\": \"roughly $85,000 for the parcel. In turn, they leased land to dairy farmers who provided milk and butter to an ever-growing San Francisco and prospered. The families of Oscar and James Shafter owned large portions of Point Reyes from 1857 to 1919, when the land was sold in parcels. In 1863, a constitutional amendment meant all of the seats of the Supreme Court of California were open for election. In October 1863, Oscar Shafter was elected as a justice on the Republican Party ticket, and begin his term in January 1864. The justices drew lots for term length and Shafter\",\n \"title\": \"Oscar L. Shafter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2512561\",\n \"text\": \"1920 for belonging to the Socialist Party. In a 2008 U.S. Supreme Court decision involving the constitutionality of a law enacted by the New York Legislature, Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in his concurring opinion: \\\"[A]s I recall my esteemed former colleague, Thurgood Marshall, remarking on numerous occasions: 'The Constitution does not prohibit legislatures from enacting stupid laws.'\\\" New York State Legislature The New York State Legislature consists of the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of New York. The New York Constitution does not designate an official term for the two houses together.\",\n \"title\": \"New York State Legislature\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"396707\",\n \"text\": \"of Appeals\\\". In New York, the \\\"Supreme Court\\\" is the trial court of general unlimited jurisdiction and the intermediate appellate court is called the \\\"Supreme Court—Appellate Division\\\". Maryland's jury trial courts are called \\\"Circuit Courts\\\" (non-jury trials are usually conducted by the \\\"District Courts,\\\" whose decisions may be appealed to the Circuit Courts), and the intermediate appellate court is called the \\\"Court of Special Appeals\\\". West Virginia mixes the two; its highest court is called the \\\"Supreme Court of Appeals\\\". Other states' supreme courts have used the term \\\"Appeals\\\": New Jersey's supreme courts under the 1844 constitution and Delaware's supreme\",\n \"title\": \"State supreme court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6652661\",\n \"text\": \"2006. She has chaired or served on various Supreme Court Committees, subcommittees, and other Court-assigned projects. She has been granted tenure until October 9, 2024. Jaynee LaVecchia Jaynee LaVecchia (born October 9, 1954) is a Justice who was nominated by Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the New Jersey Supreme Court on January 6, 2000. She was confirmed by the New Jersey Senate on January 10, 2000 and sat until 2007 when her term expired. Being successfully reappointed, she was granted tenure until 2024 when she will be constitutionally removed from office for reaching the 70-year age limit on\",\n \"title\": \"Jaynee LaVecchia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6652658\",\n \"text\": \"Jaynee LaVecchia Jaynee LaVecchia (born October 9, 1954) is a Justice who was nominated by Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the New Jersey Supreme Court on January 6, 2000. She was confirmed by the New Jersey Senate on January 10, 2000 and sat until 2007 when her term expired. Being successfully reappointed, she was granted tenure until 2024 when she will be constitutionally removed from office for reaching the 70-year age limit on Supreme Court justices. Jaynee LaVecchia was born in Paterson, New Jersey on October 9, 1954. She is a 1976 graduate of Douglass College and graduated\",\n \"title\": \"Jaynee LaVecchia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2195086\",\n \"text\": \"are called to the Bar in three sittings in the year, one in Hilary term, one Trinity term, and the other in Michaelmas term. This ceremony takes place in the Supreme Court. All new barristers habit themselves in full court working dress. Senior Counsel are appointed annually in the Call to the Inner Bar, a short ceremony in the Supreme Court towards the end of Michaelmas term. (Junior counsel are members of the Outer or Utter Bar.) On this occasion alone do the new Senior Counsel wear full-bottomed wigs, though with their working robes rather than with the breeches, stockings,\",\n \"title\": \"Court dress\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4968022\",\n \"text\": \"all laws passed by the Indiana General Assembly that affect the judiciary. The Division of Supreme Court Administration is staffed by clerks who oversee the fiscal management of the courts, including payroll and expenses. In addition, the division is responsible for maintaining the Court's records and assists in its administrative functions. Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution governs the term length of Supreme Court Justices. When there is a vacancy on the Court, a new justice is nominated using a variation of the Missouri Plan. First, the Judicial Nominating Commission submits a list of three qualified nominees to the governor.\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7452775\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Special Court In Greece, the Supreme Special Court () is provided for in the article 100 of the Constitution of Greece. It is not a permanent court and it sits only when a case belonging to its special competence arises. It is regarded as the supreme \\\"constitutional\\\" and \\\"electoral\\\" court of Greece. Its decisions are irrevocable and binding for all the courts, including the Supreme Courts. However, the \\\"Supreme Special Court\\\" does not have an hierarchical relation with the three Supreme Courts (the Court of Cassation, the Council of State and the Chamber of Accounts). It is not considered\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Special Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12478775\",\n \"text\": \"cases in the state's judicial system. The Court was to consist of a Chief Judge and four associate judges, and have appellate jurisdiction over only criminal and family court cases. This new Court was intended to begin operations in 1980, but this was delayed by a number of constitutional disputes which forced the General Assembly to rewrite the act authorizing the Court, and delaying its opening until 1983. One dispute concerned the court's membership; the state supreme court objected when the judges of the new court were going to include then-sitting legislators. On May 19, 1983, the South Carolina Senate\",\n \"title\": \"South Carolina Court of Appeals\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7080223\",\n \"text\": \"that he took a test a few months ago and was tested HIV negative and did not mentions his current HIV status. During the same time, Currier begin to have an other sexual relationship with a woman and when she asked about Sexual Transmitted Diseases he did not mention that he was infected. She then discovered that Currier had HIV and ended the relationship. He then was charged with two counts of aggravated sexual assault. That is then when the Supreme Court determined that if a person with HIV does not disclose that they are infected it is considered aggravated\",\n \"title\": \"Aggravated sexual assault\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4135004\",\n \"text\": \"to the court in the mold of originalist Justice Antonin Scalia. Soon after the inauguration of Bush as president in January 2001, many liberal academics became worried that he would begin packing the federal judiciary with conservative jurists. Yale law professor Bruce Ackerman wrote an article in the February 2001 edition of the liberal magazine \\\"The American Prospect\\\" that encouraged the use of the filibuster to stop Bush from placing any nominee on the Supreme Court during his first term. In addition, law professors Cass Sunstein (University of Chicago) and Laurence Tribe (Harvard), along with Marcia Greenberger of the National\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14387730\",\n \"text\": \"Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States does not allow cameras in the courtroom when the court is in session, a policy which is the subject of much debate. Although the Court has never allowed cameras in its courtroom, it does make audiotapes of oral arguments and opinions available to the public. In 2009, Pennsylvania Senator Arlen Specter and seven co-sponsors introduced a resolution to express the sense of Congress that sessions of the Court should be televised. In 2009, Specter also introduced a bill that would require open sessions of\",\n \"title\": \"Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"396708\",\n \"text\": \"court were both the \\\"Court of Errors and Appeals\\\"; The term \\\"Errors\\\" refers to the now-obsolete writ of error, which was used by state supreme courts to correct certain types of egregious errors committed by lower courts. Massachusetts and New Hampshire originally named their highest courts the \\\"Superior Court of Judicature.\\\" Currently, Massachusetts uses the names \\\"Supreme Judicial Court\\\" (to distinguish itself from the state legislature, which is called the Massachusetts General Court), while New Hampshire uses the name \\\"Supreme Court\\\". Additionally the highest court in Maine is named the \\\"Supreme Judicial Court\\\". This similar terminology is probably a holdover\",\n \"title\": \"State supreme court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"905058\",\n \"text\": \"million, 124-turbine Beech Ridge Wind Farm along the tops of several Greenbrier County mountains. The wind farm would produce 186 megawatts of electricity. Development, which was originally expected to begin in late 2007, was stalled when the state Supreme Court agreed to hear the case brought by opponents of the project. Ultimately, The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the developers, clearing the way for construction to begin in the summer of 2009. However, in July of that year, a U.S. District Court in Maryland agreed to hear a case filed by opponents. As of the census of 2000, there\",\n \"title\": \"Greenbrier County, West Virginia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"654895\",\n \"text\": \"as the Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals in the federal system as well as in most states, whereas the Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York. The Supreme Court has broad authority over all categories of cases, both civil and criminal. Generally the Supreme Court in Putnam hears civil cases involving claims in excess of $25,000. While the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over criminal cases in most counties this is handled by the County Courts. In Putnam however, the Supreme Court does exercise jurisdiction over some criminal cases. The County Court is authorized to\",\n \"title\": \"Putnam County, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"669359\",\n \"text\": \"highest court of appeals in the federal system as well as in most states (the Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York State). The Supreme Court has broad authority over all categories of cases, both civil and criminal. Generally the Supreme Court in Rockland County hears civil cases involving claims in excess of $25,000. While the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over criminal cases in most counties this is handled by the County Courts. In Rockland however, the Supreme Court does exercise jurisdiction over some criminal cases. The County Court is inferior to the Supreme Court and is\",\n \"title\": \"Rockland County, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7452783\",\n \"text\": \"of the Council of State, chosen by lot. It is presided over by the seniormost judge for the Court of Cassation. Supreme Special Court In Greece, the Supreme Special Court () is provided for in the article 100 of the Constitution of Greece. It is not a permanent court and it sits only when a case belonging to its special competence arises. It is regarded as the supreme \\\"constitutional\\\" and \\\"electoral\\\" court of Greece. Its decisions are irrevocable and binding for all the courts, including the Supreme Courts. However, the \\\"Supreme Special Court\\\" does not have an hierarchical relation with\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Special Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14387740\",\n \"text\": \"seen. Furthermore, Schaub declares that the only way for the public to truly have access to the Court is to “join the justices in the difficult work of legal interpretation.” She states that most Americans would not be willing or even capable of doing this. Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States does not allow cameras in the courtroom when the court is in session, a policy which is the subject of much debate. Although the Court has never allowed cameras in its courtroom, it does make audiotapes of oral arguments\",\n \"title\": \"Cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6927278\",\n \"text\": \"the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1877, but the term \\\"Lady Justice\\\" was used in practice by women soon after they were promoted to sit as judges of the Court of Appeal, and the term was included in the Courts Act 2003. When there is already or has until recently been a judge with the same surname as a new appointee, the new judge will often use a first name as part of his or her judicial title. Many judges have done this, such as Lord Justice Lawrence Collins (Sir Lawrence Antony Collins). When referring to a Lord or Lady\",\n \"title\": \"Court of Appeal judge (England and Wales)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13500888\",\n \"text\": \"state supreme court acts directly. As the Supreme Court explained: \\\"Closer analysis is required when the activity at issue is not directly that of the legislature or supreme court, but is carried out by others pursuant to state authorization... When the conduct is that of the sovereign itself, on the other hand, the danger of unauthorized restraint of trade does not arise. When the conduct at issue is in fact that of the state legislature or supreme court, we need not address the issues of 'clear articulation' and 'active supervision.' However, when it is uncertain whether an act should be\",\n \"title\": \"Parker immunity doctrine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6472440\",\n \"text\": \"and is not prohibited from being reappointed to another term. The salaries of the Superior Court justices and other state judges are set by RSA 491-A:1. The Chief Justice of the Superior Court makes $146,917 annually, and associate justices make $137,804 annually. In April 1901, the Superior Court was established by the General Court when two courts were organized to take the place of the Supreme Court as it then existed. The Supreme Court was given jurisdiction over \\\"law terms,\\\" or questions of law heard on appeal. The Superior Court was given jurisdiction over trials. Having the two courts, allowed\",\n \"title\": \"New Hampshire Superior Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8369364\",\n \"text\": \"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States The 2005 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 3, 2005 and concluded October 1, 2006. The table illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion. This was the first term of Chief Justice Roberts, who was confirmed following the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist on September 3. Justice O'Connor also retired midterm on January 31, 2006, when she was replaced by Justice Alito. The Court's membership had not changed for the previous eleven terms.\",\n \"title\": \"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8369363\",\n \"text\": \"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States The 2005 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 3, 2005 and concluded October 1, 2006. The table illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion. This was the first term of Chief Justice Roberts, who was confirmed following the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist on September 3. Justice O'Connor also retired midterm on January 31, 2006, when she was replaced by Justice Alito. The Court's membership had not changed for the previous eleven terms.\",\n \"title\": \"2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4936036\",\n \"text\": \"the Lucas court would \\\"retroactively\\\" apply to all California statutes. In the 2010 decision in \\\"Lu v. Hawaiian Gardens Casino\\\", Justice Ming Chin wrote for a unanimous court that \\\"we begin with the premise that a violation of a state statute does not necessarily give rise to a private cause of action.\\\" Implied cause of action Implied cause of action is a term used in United States statutory and constitutional law for circumstances when a court will determine that a law that creates rights also allows private parties to bring a lawsuit, even though no such remedy is explicitly provided\",\n \"title\": \"Implied cause of action\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9209569\",\n \"text\": \"term. The court ruled against him. (See 77 Va. 1). Subsequently, however, the legislature has made clear, when electing a justice following the death of a member of the court, whether the term is for the unexpired portion of the former justice's term or for a full term, usually the latter. Judge Burks' son, Martin P. Burks later served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as well. Edward C. Burks Edward Calohill Burks (May 20, 1821 – July 4, 1897) was an American jurist. He served as a judge on the Supreme Court of Virginia from January 9, 1877 through\",\n \"title\": \"Edward C. Burks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2714081\",\n \"text\": \"The Supreme Court of Israel overturned the Committee's decision by a majority of eight to one. Israel's Declaration of Independence called for the establishment of a Jewish state with equality of social and political rights, irrespective of religion, race, or sex. The rights of citizens are guaranteed by a set of basic laws (Israel does not have a written constitution). Although this set of laws does not explicitly include the term \\\"right to equality\\\", the Israeli Supreme Court has consistently interpreted \\\"Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty\\\" and \\\"Basic Law: Freedom of Occupation (1994)\\\" as guaranteeing equal rights for all\",\n \"title\": \"Arab citizens of Israel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12941254\",\n \"text\": \"the President to take an oath at the beginning of his term, but it does not identify the person or officer who is to administer the oath. (It is traditional for the Chief Justice of the United States to administer the oath, but that is not a constitutional requirement. When George Washington was sworn in on April 30, 1789, neither the Supreme Court nor any other part of the federal judiciary had been created. The oath was administered by Robert Livingston, a New York state judicial officer.) Hoehling kept the second swearing-in a secret until confirming Harry M. Daugherty's revelation\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18721580\",\n \"text\": \"Turyare was named the new head of the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). Liban Ali Yarrow Liban Ali Yarrow (, ) is a jurist and military leader from Somalia. He is the Chief of the Supreme Military Court. On 18 February 2014, Yarrow was appointed interim Chief of the Supreme Military Court of Somalia by presidential decree. He succeeded Hassan Mohamed Hussein Mungab at the position, who had earlier been appointed Governor of the Banaadir region and Mayor of Mogadishu. Yarrow's transitional term ended on 18 May 2014, when Abdurahman Mohamud Turyare was named the new Military Court Chief.\",\n \"title\": \"Liban Ali Yarrow\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7164818\",\n \"text\": \"nine. Six of the nine commissioners would serve a one-year term and three would serve a two-year term. The commissioners sat in groups of three. This resulted in the creation of four appellate courts, the fourth being the Supreme Court. Select District Court justices were allowed to sit on cases heard by the Supreme Court under four stipulations found in Article V, Section 2 of the state’s constitution. If the court was sitting in two separate five judge divisions, if the constitutionality of a statute was in question, an appeal case of a convicted homicide, and lastly when a decision\",\n \"title\": \"Nebraska Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2810121\",\n \"text\": \"door when a conference is interrupted. When a state court judge retires, resigns, or dies before completing a term, the Governor may appoint another qualified person to the position. To retain that position, the appointed person must run for election for a full six-year term at the next general election. On occasion, a judge will leave office at the end of a term, in which case a general election determines their replacement. If the Supreme Court needs an additional judge on a temporary basis due to illness, an unfilled position, or a justice is disqualified from sitting on a case\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4775445\",\n \"text\": \"some forms of exclusive jurisdiction, meaning that it is the only court or government body that can decide the issue. The Florida Constitution, Article V, (3)(b)(1), establishes mandatory jurisdiction for the following: The Florida Constitution, Article V, (3)(b)(3–5), provides discretionary jurisdiction for a much larger set of circumstances, including: The Florida Constitution further grants the Supreme Court original nonexclusive jurisdiction over certain matters. \\\"Original\\\" means that the case can begin and end in the state Supreme Court absent a basis for further appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. \\\"Nonexclusive\\\" means that these matters do not absolutely have to begin in\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4009750\",\n \"text\": \"court\\\" is used to mean the general sense of the term, while \\\"Superior Court\\\" is used to refer to specific courts in provinces which use that term to designate their superior trial courts. In Ontario and Quebec, this court is known as Superior Court (\\\"Cour supérieure\\\"); in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and New Brunswick, as Court of Queen's Bench (\\\"Cour du Banc de la Reine\\\"); and in Newfoundland and Labrador, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories as the Supreme Court (\\\"Cour suprême\\\"). The term \\\"Supreme Court\\\" can be confusing as it could suggest a final\",\n \"title\": \"Court system of Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12997645\",\n \"text\": \"Party and elected on October 15, 1873, to the California Supreme Court, where he served from January 1874 to October 1, 1888. McKinstry filled the seat of former Chief Justice Royal Sprague, who died in office, and whose appointed successor, Isaac S. Belcher, did not run for election. In 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all seats on the Supreme Court, McKinstry was nominated by both the Democratic Party and Workingman's Party and was re-elected. The newly elected judges drew lots to determine the length of term, and McKinstry drew an 11-year term. His notable cases\",\n \"title\": \"Elisha W. McKinstry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4819467\",\n \"text\": \"regard, or has taught law at a university or a higher school of learning as designated in regulations in this regard. An \\\"eminent jurist\\\" can also be appointed to the Supreme Court. The number of Supreme Court Judges is determined by a resolution of the Knesset. Currently, there are 15 Supreme Court Judges. At the head of the Supreme Court and at the head of the judicial system as a whole stands the President of the Supreme Court, and at his or her side, the Deputy President. A judge's term ends when he or she reaches 70 years of age,\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Israel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1735826\",\n \"text\": \"and rules adopted by each department of the Appellate Division. Each department of the Appellate Division has a committee that investigates complaints of attorney misconduct and may issue reprimands or recommend censure, suspension, or disbarment to the Appellate Division. The Appellate Divisions were created by the New York State Constitution of 1894 to succeed the General Term of the Supreme Court, effective January 1, 1896. New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division The Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court of the State of New York are the intermediate appellate courts in New York State. There are four Appellate Divisions, one in\",\n \"title\": \"New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8588147\",\n \"text\": \"party control federal patronage appointments in their states. There are several benefits, including the following: The beginning of an appointment does not necessarily coincide with the date the Senate convenes or when the new senator is sworn in. In the case of senators first elected in a general election for the upcoming Congress, their terms begin on the first day of the new Congress. Since 1935, that means January 3 of odd-numbered years. The seniority date for an appointed senator is usually the date of the appointment, although the actual term does not begin until they take the oath of\",\n \"title\": \"Seniority in the United States Senate\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12611382\",\n \"text\": \"lower courts, the Supreme Court does not deal with the issue of guilt. However, the basis on which the lower court reached its verdict may be brought into consideration and edited. In criminal trials by jury in the first instance, the defence may appeal on grounds of judicial error regarding the judges' direction to the jury (the summing-up of the theoretical foundations, which should be taken into consideration when the jurors deliberate). Supreme Court (Denmark) The Supreme Court (, lit. \\\"Highest Court\\\") is the supreme court and the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in the\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court (Denmark)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7121315\",\n \"text\": \"Wyoming Supreme Court The Wyoming Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. Each Justice is appointed by the Governor of Wyoming from a list of three nominees submitted by the judicial nominating commission, for an eight-year term. One year after being appointed, a new justice stands for retention in office on a statewide ballot at the next general election. If a majority votes for retention, the justice serves the remainder of the term and may stand for retention for succeeding eight-year terms by means\",\n \"title\": \"Wyoming Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13885920\",\n \"text\": \"serve on the Queens County Court and spent most of his judicial career on criminal cases. He served as the court's senior judge from 1945 until 1961, when the court was abolished and its responsibilities consolidated into the New York Supreme Court. He was the senior judge in Queens on the Supreme Court, Criminal Term, until he stepped down in 1976. Farrell presided over the 1952 trial of bank robber Willie Sutton in which Sutton had been charged with the 1950 heist of $63,942 from a branch of the Manufacturers Trust Company in Sunnyside, Queens, part of more than $2\",\n \"title\": \"Peter T. Farrell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"428130\",\n \"text\": \"Admissions Clause grants Congress the authority to admit new states, but forbids the creation of new states from parts of existing states without the consent of the affected states. The Supreme Court has held that the Constitution requires all states to be admitted on an equal footing, though the Admissions Clause does not expressly include this requirement. The Property Clause grants Congress the power to make laws for the territories and other federal lands. The Guarantee Clause mandates that United States guarantee that all states have a \\\"republican form of government,\\\" though it does not define this term. Article Four\",\n \"title\": \"Article Four of the United States Constitution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20927494\",\n \"text\": \"Rules of Criminal Procedure, the District Court accepted Class’ guilty plea and sentenced him. Soon thereafter, Class sought to raise his constitutional claims on direct appeal. The Court of Appeals held that Class could not do so because, by pleading guilty, he had waived his constitutional claims. A guilty plea, by itself, does not bar a federal criminal defendant from challenging the constitutionality of his statute of conviction on direct appeal. 2017 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-424_g2bh.pdf Class v. United States Class v. United States is a Supreme court decision related to the ability\",\n \"title\": \"Class v. United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7670357\",\n \"text\": \"12 of which have adjudicatory functions. The 13th justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the Chief Justice as the Minister of Court Administration, and does not participate in rendering judicial opinions. The Chief Justice of Korea is appointed to the court by the President with the consent of the National Assembly of South Korea, and serves a non-renewable term of six years from the time of appointment. The Chief Justice acts as the head of the judicial branch of the Republic of Korea, and has broad administrative powers under the Constitution, including the right to recommend other justices\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of South Korea\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2810145\",\n \"text\": \"The U.S. Supreme Court then overturned the Oregon Supreme Court's decision in \\\"United States v. Oregon\\\", 366 U. S. 643 (1961). On the administrative end of the court, the Oregon Court of Appeals was created in 1969 as an intermediate appellate court in Oregon. With this change, the Supreme Court now generally does not hear appeals directly from the trial level courts of the state, with some exceptions such as death penalty cases. Other changes came in 1981 when the Oregon Legislature and justice Arno Denecke reformed the chief justice position from a simple head of the court in title\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20473996\",\n \"text\": \"sets out the jurisdiction of the court: the Supreme Court is the final court of appeal for The Gambia and also has appellate and other jurisdiction as defined by the Constitution. It does not have original jurisdiction in any criminal matter. The court may overrule a previous decision \\\"when it appears right to do so\\\", and all other courts are bound to follow the decisions of the Supreme Court on a matter of law. Section 67(2)(b) states that when the Speaker acts on a notification of misconduct by the President, he must appoint a tribunal led by the Chief Justice\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Gambia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12514857\",\n \"text\": \"was sent back for a new petition to the commission to be appealed. It was consolidated with a 10th circuit case, which ruled adversely, and the Supreme Court chose not to review a second time. The Court also held that Arizona may petition to have more requirements added to the federal standard. In a second 2012 Supreme Court case, Ryan v. Gonzales, Horne argued that a death row inmate does not have the right to suspend federal habeas corpus proceedings when found incompetent to assist counsel. In a 9-0 decision Horne won. In 2013 Horne wrote an opinion that defended\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Horne\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10235562\",\n \"text\": \"of dealing with complaints to the Supreme Court made by the families of so-called \\\"disappeareds\\\". Last night's developments came as a full bench of the Supreme Court was due to make a second attempt to begin consideration of the case brought against the Chief Justice. An initial attempt to begin proceedings was thwarted when one of the 14 judges set to hear the case, Falak Sher, declined to take part. Security Insiders Claim Musharraf is responsible for the murder as he was carrying out clean-up operations and hence the Chief justice and Hammad were an Obstacle to his Re-Election and\",\n \"title\": \"Syed Hammad Raza\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6929370\",\n \"text\": \"his judicial career in 1999 when Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber appointed him to the Oregon Court of Appeals. He started service on that court on January 14, 1999, replacing R. William Riggs who had been elevated to the Oregon Supreme Court. Kistler served on Oregon's intermediate court of appeals until August 14, 2003, when he was himself appointed to the Oregon Supreme Court. On August 15, 2003, he was appointed to the Oregon Supreme Court to replace Susan M. Leeson who had resigned. Appointed by governor Ted Kulongoski, he won election to a full six-year term in 2004, winning 60\",\n \"title\": \"Rives Kistler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19030809\",\n \"text\": \"supreme court again until 1982, when on July 25 Ruby Kless Sondock became the court's first regular female justice, when she was appointed to replace Associate Justice James G. Denton who had died of a heart attack. Sondock served the remainder of Denton's term, which ended on December 31, 1982, but did not seek election to the Supreme Court in her own right. Rose Spector became the first woman elected to the court in 1992 and served until 1998 when she was defeated by Harriet O'Neill. It would be 66 years (2015) before another state high court, this time the\",\n \"title\": \"All-Woman Supreme Court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18876200\",\n \"text\": \"he was elected to a four-year term on the county probate court as the nominee of the Tax Payer's Convention, taking office on January 1, 1872. He was reelected as a Republican in 1875, his second term running from January 1, 1876, to December 31, 1879. In 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all seats on the Supreme Court, he was nominated as a Republican candidate and was elected as an Associate Justice. The new justices drew lots to determine length of term with Myrick picking seven years, serving from January 5, 1880 to January 3,\",\n \"title\": \"Milton H. Myrick\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4849943\",\n \"text\": \"as the power to determine the jurisdiction of that court. There are seven Justices on the court, who are elected to six-year terms in officially nonpartisan elections and who are not subject to term limits, which were rejected by voters in 1996. The Governor appoints Justices in the case of a vacancy. The most senior justice becomes Chief Justice for a two-year term. When Nevada was admitted to the federal union in 1864, three justices were elected to the Supreme Court for a term of six years. This was increased to five justices in 1967, and to seven justices in\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Nevada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7835746\",\n \"text\": \"Congress. During his term, he served as chairman of the House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War. He was unsuccessful as candidate for reelection in 1820. Henry Brush was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio in the 1828-1829 term. John Goodenow of Steubenville, Ohio, a Jacksonian, was chosen by the legislature in early 1830 to a position on the State Supreme Court. When Goodenow resigned because of eye trouble, his place was taken by Henry Brush who was appointed by Governor Allen Trimble and served again as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio from\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Brush\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12960110\",\n \"text\": \"become wealthy and famous through his partnership with his uncle. In October 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all court seats, he was elected to the Supreme Court of California and began his term on January 5, 1880. A Democrat, he was elected at age 34 without having served on the bench of any lower court. The newly elected justices drew lots to determine their length of term, and both he and John Sharpstein drew three-year terms. In October 1882, Ross was re-elected on the Democratic ticket along with Sharpstein to a 12-year term on the\",\n \"title\": \"Erskine Mayo Ross\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9173905\",\n \"text\": \"of the State Constitution. The state court system of New Jersey comprises the New Jersey Supreme Court, the state supreme court, and many lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the state. It hears appeals from the Appellate Courts. It has the capacity, rarely exercised, to look into other cases within the judicial and executive branches. The Court consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. All are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they\",\n \"title\": \"Government of New Jersey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18876144\",\n \"text\": \"by Governor William Irwin. In 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections for all seats on the Supreme Court, Thornton was nominated by both the Democratic Party and Workingman's Party and was elected. The newly elected judges drew lots to determine the length of term, and Thornton drew an 11-year term, the same length as Elisha W. McKinstry. In November 1890, just prior to the end of his term, he ran unsuccessfully as a Democrat for judge of San Francisco County Superior Court. Instead, after stepping down from the high court he returned to private practice. He died\",\n \"title\": \"James D. Thornton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7671896\",\n \"text\": \"Bangladesh, 1972. There are two Divisions of the Supreme Court, i.e. (a) Appellate Division and (b) High Court Division. Appellate Division is the highest Court of Appeal and usually does not exercise the powers of a court of first instance. Whereas, the High Court Division is a Court of first instance in writ/judicial review, company and admiralty matters. The Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals from the courts\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme court\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6573058\",\n \"text\": \"court below is affirmed as if the Court had been equally divided on the case. An exception exists when this situation arises in one of the now-rare cases brought directly to the Supreme Court on appeal from a United States District Court; in this situation, the case is referred to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the corresponding circuit for a final decision there by either the Court of Appeals sitting en banc, or a panel consisting of the three most senior active circuit judges. Throughout the term, but mostly during the last months of the term—May, June, and, if\",\n \"title\": \"Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13231345\",\n \"text\": \"of New York's State Supreme Court and, in March 1998, became an Associate Justice of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, Third Judicial Department. Her selection for a 14-year term to New York State's Court of Appeals, also by Governor Pataki, was confirmed by the New York State Senate on November 29, 2000. Judge Graffeo applied to the New York State Commission on Judicial Nominations to be considered for appointment to a second term. The Commission included Graffeo on its list of seven candidates for the position. Governor Andrew Cuomo declined to reappoint Graffeo and instead selected Appellate Division,\",\n \"title\": \"Victoria A. Graffeo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20517866\",\n \"text\": \"in February 2006, to replace Sidney Galton. She was re-elected to a new six-year term in 2012. Governor Kate Brown appointed Nelson to the Oregon Supreme Court in January 2018, to replace justice Jack Landau, who retired on December 31, 2017. Justice Nelson's current term on the Supreme Court ends in January 2019, and she is eligible to run for re-election in November 2018. Nelson is the first African-American to serve on the Oregon Supreme Court, or on any kind of appellate court in Oregon. Adrienne Nelson Adrienne Nelson (born 1967) is an American lawyer and judge who is an\",\n \"title\": \"Adrienne Nelson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16450320\",\n \"text\": \"Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court) The Greenhouse Effect is a theory of Supreme Court justices' behavior, first proposed by Hoover Institution economist Thomas Sowell and popularized by D.C. Court of Appeals Senior Judge Laurence Silberman in a speech to The Federalist Society in 1992. Here, the word \\\"Greenhouse\\\" refers to Linda Greenhouse, a Pulitzer Prize winning reporter who covered the Supreme Court for the \\\"New York Times\\\" for 40 years. Silberman used the term to postulate a tendency of conservative Supreme Court Justices to vote with the liberals more often as their careers progress due to a desire for\",\n \"title\": \"Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15859226\",\n \"text\": \"on the matter. The Canadian Cayugas, still represented by Gen. Strong, sought mandamus relief from the Board's decision in the New York Supreme Court in Albany. The matter was argued in early August 1884. Justice Peckham affirmed the Board on August 5. Gen. Strong appealed the decision to the New York Supreme Court, General Term in Albany. The General Term reversed in March 1885, entering an order that the claim be paid. The state appealed to the New York Court of Appeals. The case was argued before the Court of Appeals on April 20, by Gen. Strong and O'Brien. The\",\n \"title\": \"That Portion of the Cayuga Indians Residing in Canada v. State\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":95,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"97"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who played dean on wizards of waverly place"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Samonas"],"string":"[\n \"Samonas\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"13253001","text":"to film and in 2006 was cast in the ABC pilot \"Enemies\". This was followed by appearances in \"Zoey 101\", \"Hannah Montana\" as Josh and repeated appearances as the voice of 'Teo\" in \"\". In 2006 he was cast as 'Meat' in \"The Last Day of Summer\". In 2008, Samonas made an appearance on iCarly as Freddie's fencing rival Doug Toder and later appeared on Disney Channel's \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" as Alex's (Selena Gomez) boyfriend Dean. Daniel Samonas Daniel Nicholas Patrick Samonas (born March 7, 1990) is a Canadian American actor. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Samonas is of Greek,","title":"Daniel Samonas"},{"docid":"14630551","text":"Lisa Cucuy, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Frank Pacheco as Felix, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet van Heusen, Daniel Samonas as Dean Moriarty, Bailee Madison as Maxine Russo, Shane Harper as Fidel, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, John Rubinstein as Gorog, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, Fred Stoller as Dexter, Leven Rambin as Rosie, China Anne McClain as Tina, Kari Wahlgren as Helen, Cameron Sanders as Nelvis, Josh Sussman as Hugh Normous, Jackie Evancho as Herself, McKaley Miller as Talia, Valente Rodriguez as Muy Macho, and Nick Roux as Chase Riprock. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"docid":"14597418","text":"Dean Moriarty (Daniel Samonas), and Juliet Van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler) respectively. The series characters cross over with \"The Suite Life on Deck\" and Hannah Montana in part one and two of \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\" featuring cast members from \"The Suite Life on Deck\" namely, Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan and Phill Lewis. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Dan Benson, Bill Chott, Skyler Samuels, Josh Sussman, Daryl Sabara, Cindy Crawford, Fred Willard, Rachel Dratch, Dwayne Johnson, Misty May-Treanor, JD Cullum, Anne Ramsay, Amanda Tepe and Jeff Garlin. Alex has another love interest, her classmate","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"docid":"13253001","text":"to film and in 2006 was cast in the ABC pilot \"Enemies\". This was followed by appearances in \"Zoey 101\", \"Hannah Montana\" as Josh and repeated appearances as the voice of 'Teo\" in \"\". In 2006 he was cast as 'Meat' in \"The Last Day of Summer\". In 2008, Samonas made an appearance on iCarly as Freddie's fencing rival Doug Toder and later appeared on Disney Channel's \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" as Alex's (Selena Gomez) boyfriend Dean. Daniel Samonas Daniel Nicholas Patrick Samonas (born March 7, 1990) is a Canadian American actor. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Samonas is of Greek,","title":"Daniel Samonas"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"13253001\",\n \"text\": \"to film and in 2006 was cast in the ABC pilot \\\"Enemies\\\". This was followed by appearances in \\\"Zoey 101\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" as Josh and repeated appearances as the voice of 'Teo\\\" in \\\"\\\". In 2006 he was cast as 'Meat' in \\\"The Last Day of Summer\\\". In 2008, Samonas made an appearance on iCarly as Freddie's fencing rival Doug Toder and later appeared on Disney Channel's \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" as Alex's (Selena Gomez) boyfriend Dean. Daniel Samonas Daniel Nicholas Patrick Samonas (born March 7, 1990) is a Canadian American actor. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Samonas is of Greek,\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Samonas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14630551\",\n \"text\": \"Lisa Cucuy, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Frank Pacheco as Felix, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet van Heusen, Daniel Samonas as Dean Moriarty, Bailee Madison as Maxine Russo, Shane Harper as Fidel, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, John Rubinstein as Gorog, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, Fred Stoller as Dexter, Leven Rambin as Rosie, China Anne McClain as Tina, Kari Wahlgren as Helen, Cameron Sanders as Nelvis, Josh Sussman as Hugh Normous, Jackie Evancho as Herself, McKaley Miller as Talia, Valente Rodriguez as Muy Macho, and Nick Roux as Chase Riprock. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597418\",\n \"text\": \"Dean Moriarty (Daniel Samonas), and Juliet Van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler) respectively. The series characters cross over with \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" and Hannah Montana in part one and two of \\\"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\\\" featuring cast members from \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" namely, Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan and Phill Lewis. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Dan Benson, Bill Chott, Skyler Samuels, Josh Sussman, Daryl Sabara, Cindy Crawford, Fred Willard, Rachel Dratch, Dwayne Johnson, Misty May-Treanor, JD Cullum, Anne Ramsay, Amanda Tepe and Jeff Garlin. Alex has another love interest, her classmate\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13253001\",\n \"text\": \"to film and in 2006 was cast in the ABC pilot \\\"Enemies\\\". This was followed by appearances in \\\"Zoey 101\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" as Josh and repeated appearances as the voice of 'Teo\\\" in \\\"\\\". In 2006 he was cast as 'Meat' in \\\"The Last Day of Summer\\\". In 2008, Samonas made an appearance on iCarly as Freddie's fencing rival Doug Toder and later appeared on Disney Channel's \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" as Alex's (Selena Gomez) boyfriend Dean. Daniel Samonas Daniel Nicholas Patrick Samonas (born March 7, 1990) is a Canadian American actor. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Samonas is of Greek,\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Samonas\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"16218516","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS, and released on November 16, 2010. The game is based on the popular Disney Channel show, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". There is another video game based on the show named: \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", which was released on August 25, 2009 in America, on August 28, 2009 in Europe, and on September 21, 2009 in Australia. Like the show, the game focuses on the adventures of Alex, Max, and Justin Russo, teenage siblings who happen to be","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound"},{"docid":"16218522","text":"the game are shown with the same \"dancing\" transitions as in the show. They are repetitive but help make the game stand out among other games. Even the music carries the same silly tunes from the show, albeit in downgraded synthesized versions. Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS, and released on November 16, 2010. The game is based on the popular Disney Channel show, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". There is another video game based on the show named: \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", which","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound"},{"docid":"13750281","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (video game) Wizards of Waverly Place is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS. It was released on August 25, 2009 in America, on August 28, 2009 in Europe and in Australia on September 21, 2009. It is based upon the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". The game is based on many of the sets used in the TV show. The game is about Alex buying a bracelet that is for adult wizards and starts freezing people. A second video game called \"\" was released on November 16,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (video game)"},{"docid":"14597403","text":"techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series is filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. Set on Waverly Place in Manhattan, New York's Greenwich Village neighborhood, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" centers on the Italian-Mexican Russo family, which includes Alex (Selena Gomez), her older brother Justin (David Henrie) and their younger brother Max (Jake T. Austin). The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian-American father Jerry (David DeLuise), a former wizard, and their Mexican-American mother Theresa, who is a mortal. Alex also has a mortal friend, Harper (Jennifer Stone), who at first","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"},{"docid":"13046456","text":"2011, Selena Gomez confirmed in an interview that the proposed sequel would not be filmed. However, on July 28, 2011, Maria Canals Barrera stated in an interview that the project was \"not 100% dead anymore\" and that she was \"hopeful\" that a second film would be produced. Later, it was confirmed that the \"Wizards\" would return in a special event entitled \"\" in early 2013. Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". It was directed by","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"docid":"10308352","text":"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\". He played the youngest sibling of a wizarding family, co-starring with Selena Gomez and David Henrie. Until the end of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" in 2011, Austin appeared in multiple Disney productions. In the summer of 2009, he played the role of Max Russo in the \"Wizards on Deck\" crossover episode which included two other popular Disney shows, \"The Suite Life on Deck\" and \"Hannah Montana\". During the same summer, he starred in the made-for-television film \"\".<ref name=\"TVGuide.com 09/08/27 1\"></ref> The film was a ratings hit, becoming the second most-viewed Disney Channel film at that time,","title":"Jake T. Austin"},{"docid":"13046437","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". It was directed by Lev L. Spiro and filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico in February and March 2009. The full cast of the series starred in the film, although Jennifer Stone only had a small role at the beginning of the film. The film focuses on the Russo family taking a vacation to the Caribbean. The film premiered on August 28, 2009 on the Disney Channel in","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"docid":"13750282","text":"2010. The game is about finding out what happened to a dress designed by Alex Russo that goes missing just before her big fashion show. Wizards of Waverly Place (video game) Wizards of Waverly Place is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS. It was released on August 25, 2009 in America, on August 28, 2009 in Europe and in Australia on September 21, 2009. It is based upon the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". The game is based on many of the sets used in the TV show. The game is","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (video game)"},{"docid":"13434150","text":"CD for \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" includes exclusive behind-the-scenes interviews with Gomez and also the new music video for \"Magic\". The album debuted at #24 on the Billboard 200, selling 18,000 units in its first week. It has sold 2,005,000 copies in the U.S. to date. The soundtrack was released in the UK on October 5, 2009, although not stocked up in most of the UK, and in Mexico released on August 14, 2009. Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack) Wizards of Waverly Place is the soundtrack album from the Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"14597420","text":"of her father's, which he agrees to do. Dean then enters it in a race once fixing it, but Alex gets mad when her family begin to like Dean and he doesn't spend as much time with her. Alex then transports herself into the car during the race to talk to Dean, who reveals he likes her. Dean asks Alex out, but on a triple date. After Alex eliminates the other couples so that she can be alone with Dean, she realizes he wants to kiss her. On the date, she tries to distract Dean so that he won't, but","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"docid":"8084132","text":"\"How I Met Your Mother,\" where he played Ted's future son. At the age of 18, Henrie got the role of Justin Russo in the Disney Channel Original Series, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". The show premiered on October 12, 2007. He was in the movie \"\" with the cast of the series. Henrie played Justin Russo through the whole series. About a year after the finale a film, \"\" premiered on March 15, 2013 without Henrie, but his character was mentioned, and a photo of him is shown. Henrie is credited with writing two episodes of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\",","title":"David Henrie"},{"docid":"17163094","text":"released exclusively on DVD on June 25, 2013 in a release that included the hour-long final episode of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Who Will Be the Family Wizard?\" as a bonus feature. The actual special was presented in its original 1.78:1 aspect ratio, with English, Spanish and French audio and subtitle tracks. The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex is a 2013 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy special episode based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". It was directed by Victor Gonzalez and filmed primarily in Disney Studios in October and November","title":"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex"},{"docid":"14597419","text":"Dean Moriarty, and tries to impress him by using magic to make him think she's smart. In another episode, when Alex's nemesis, Gigi Hollingsworth, finds her diary which she draws in, she finds out about Alex's crush on Dean. When Gigi gets trapped, she gets back out and is convinced she hit her head. She tells the school of Alex's crush on Dean and Alex admits what she does in her diary, but denies it was Dean who was the Prince in her drawings. He still, however, seems impressed. She later asks him if he'll help fix an old car","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"docid":"14597417","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2) The second season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from September 12, 2008 to August 21, 2009. The season deals with the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie) and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continuing to compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Also starring in the series are Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise as their parents, Theresa and Jerry, and Jennifer Stone as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Harper now knows that Alex, Justin and Max are wizards. Alex and Justin have new love interests","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"docid":"9651551","text":"of Waverly Place\" chronicles the adventures of the Russo Family. The Russos live on Waverly Place in Manhattan's Greenwich Village, above a sandwich shop which they own and run. The family consists of siblings Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max (Jake T. Austin). The three teenagers are wizards and live with their Italian father, Jerry (David DeLuise), a former family wizard, and their mortal Mexican mother, Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera). When the Russo siblings complete their wizard training, they have to participate in a competition to decide who will become the Family Wizard (the one to keep his/her","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"13046453","text":"and then 'Magical' is about casting a spell on a guy and this song, 'Magic', ties into \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\". Although recorded for an episode, \"Make it Happen\" doesn't appear on the album, for an unknown reason. The album includes songs from and inspired by the TV series and \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\". \"Magic\" by Selena Gomez is a digital single on the iTunes Store. The song was released on July 21, 2009 as part of the Radio Disney iTunes Pass. \"Magic\" premiered on Radio Disney and a music video to Disney Channel on July","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"docid":"14597411","text":"this, Justin walks away, saying they can wait until a cat movie comes out. However, they never get around to it, as Kari never makes another appearance. When the Sub Station employs Millie, Justin gets a crush on her. When he asks her out, she misunderstands and he's stuck babysitting her cousin while she goes on their date with her boyfriend. Max is the dimwitted odd one of the family. He has a different approach to things and doesn't understand most things. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1) The first season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"},{"docid":"9651565","text":"Spain, on March 3, 2010 in France and on March 12, 2010 in Poland. Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"9651549","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009. A film adaptation of the series, \"\", premiered as a Disney Channel Original","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"13434147","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack) Wizards of Waverly Place is the soundtrack album from the Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was released as a physical CD, enhanced CD and digital on August 4, 2009, under Walt Disney Records. The album includes songs from and inspired by the television series and \"\". In an interview with Disney Channel's commercial-segment, \"Disney 365\", Selena Gomez discussed her interpretations of the songs on the soundtrack saying: \"\"Disappear\" is more of a romantic song. It's basically talking about how a girl likes a guy and they [she] don't want him","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"14630544","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and final season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from November 12, 2010 to January 6, 2012. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their magical family and begin to make difficult decisions about their futures. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the second season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. Season 4 of","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"docid":"14597433","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their family and meet many friends and adversaries along the way. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the first season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. The opening sequence is the same","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)"},{"docid":"14597439","text":"Laritate, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie Nichols, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Moisés Arias as Conscience, Bella Thorne as Nancy Lukey, Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Austin Butler as George, Shakira as Herself, Ted McGinley as Magroder, John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood, Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)"},{"docid":"14597428","text":"so his brother turns him into a clown and she leaves. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2) The second season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from September 12, 2008 to August 21, 2009. The season deals with the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie) and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continuing to compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Also starring in the series are Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise as their parents, Theresa and Jerry, and Jennifer Stone as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Harper now knows that Alex,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"docid":"14597401","text":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1) The first season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" aired on Disney Channel from October 12, 2007 to August 31, 2008. The season introduces the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) as they compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Amanda Tepe as Monotone Woman, Skyler Samuels as Gigi Hollingsworth, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Daryl Sabara as T.J.","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"},{"docid":"9651556","text":"of Waverly Place\" aired its one-hour series finale, \"Who Will Be The Family Wizard?\", which averaged nearly 10 million viewers (9.8 million; live+same day) to up to 11.3 million. Although it was not the series' most-watched special, being behind \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\", and \"Cast Away (To Another Show)\", it was the most-watched finale for a Disney Channel Original Series. Excluding the crossover programming special, it was the franchise's most-watched episode. The closer also set series best among kids 6–11 (4.2 million) and teens 9–14 (3.8 million). It also obtained a solid 1.9 rating with adults 18–49. Notably,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"11045656","text":"Alex Russo Alexandra Margarita \"Alex\" Russo is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Disney Channel sitcom \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", portrayed by Selena Gomez. In 2008, AOL named her the twentieth greatest witch in television history. Selena Gomez, who portrays Alex, is one of the only two cast members to appear in every single episode of the series; the only other cast member to do so is David Henrie, who portrays Justin Russo. The character has also appeared in \"The Suite Life on Deck\" episode, Double Crossed. \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" revolves around Alex Russo and her two","title":"Alex Russo"},{"docid":"8683189","text":"the second titled \"Stevie Sanchez\" was a spin-off of the series \"Lizzie McGuire\". She later auditioned for a role in the Disney series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", ultimately winning the lead role of Alex Russo. Upon receiving the role, Gomez and her mother moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California; Lovato and her family also moved to Hollywood, hoping to achieve similar success to Gomez. \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" saw Gomez portraying a teenage girl in a family of wizards who own a restaurant in New York. The series quickly became a hit for the network, propelling Gomez to more mainstream","title":"Selena Gomez"},{"docid":"13046448","text":"punishments with grace. While Theresa and Jerry remember nothing about the ordeal, Alex, Justin, and Max do. Their parents are astonished by the change in the kids' attitude. The full cast of the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" starred in the film. However, Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle only made appearances at the beginning of the film, and did not star. \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\" was filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico between February and March 2009. Hotel scenes were shot at the Caribe Hilton Hotel in San Juan, while the main cave scene,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"docid":"14597422","text":"her. Ronald takes advantage of her and makes her evil like him and his father so that they can rule. Alex then reveals she's in love with Dean, so is transformed back. Dean is back and starts calling Alex his girlfriend. Tired of lying to her best friend, she reveals magic to Harper by taking her into space on her birthday. Dean moves away, but Alex tries to continue dating him in his dreams with the use of magic. When he comes to see her, they go out on a date but she realizes they've drifted apart and aren't the","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"docid":"9651555","text":"for himself and Bailey. The Disney Channel Original Movie, based on the series, premiered on August 28, 2009 on Disney Channel. \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\" was filmed in Puerto Rico in the caribe Hilton hotel, Los Angeles, and New York City from February 16 to March 27, 2009. The movie received 11.4 million viewers on its premiere, making it the second-most-viewed DCOM premiere in the US after \"High School Musical 2\". It was the seventh-most-watched basic cable telecast in 2009. It won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010 for \"Outstanding Children's Program\". On Friday, January 6, 2012, \"Wizards","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"11045664","text":"Dean in order to \"end\" Alex's relationship with them. This causes Alex to start a relationship with Ronald, as it appears to her as her only option. She agrees to go to WizTech with him, where she realizes that Ronald has kidnapped Dean and put him in a block of jelly. Alex realizes that she truly loves Dean, and leaves Ronald. However, the two break up shortly after, then again in Dean's dream, after Alex uses a spell to get into his head One of the show's several working titles before becoming \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" was \"The Amazing O’Malleys\",","title":"Alex Russo"},{"docid":"9651550","text":"Movie on August 28, 2009. The film adaptation won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards earning the series its second consecutive Emmy. The farewell season won \"Outstanding Children's Program\" at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards bringing the franchise's total to three Emmy awards. \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" ended with 106 episodes over four seasons, surpassing \"That's So Raven\". Its series finale averaged nearly 10 million viewers (live and total views on same day), which made that episode the most-watched series finale in Disney Channel's history. On March 15, 2013, \"\" premiered as a one-hour television special. \"Wizards","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"13434148","text":"to disappear, and then \"Magical\" is about casting a spell on a guy and this song, \"Magic\", ties into \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\". Although recorded for the episode, \"Make It Happen\" doesn't appear on the album, for an unknown reason. In response to the soundtrack, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic recognized \"Wizards\" for its \"teen revamps of boomer classics that parents can enjoy too\". He also stated that the album is \"agreeable\" and that Selena Gomez \"inevitably stands out from the pack\". However, Erlewine said: \"the dang-awful version of America's \"You Can Do Magic\" by Drew Seeley is","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"7815778","text":"on Deck With Hannah Montana\" which also includes characters from \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" (although the characters from \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and \"Hannah Montana\" never interact). Miley Stewart Miley Ray Stewart is the fictional main character in the Disney Channel television series \"Hannah Montana\", portrayed by Miley Cyrus. She first appeared on television in the pilot episode \"Lilly, Do You Want to Know a Secret?\" on March 24, 2006, and made her final appearance on the series finale \"Wherever I Go\" on January 16, 2011. The character also appeared in the 2009 feature film \"\". Miley is a normal","title":"Miley Stewart"},{"docid":"13046454","text":"24. The song's music video has Gomez singing into a microphone with bright and flamboyant background, as well as including clips from \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\". \"Magic\" debuted at no. 61 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with 42,000 downloads. The film was released on DVD in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2009 as an \"Extended Edition\", which also came with a replica of the Stone of Dreams in a necklace. The film is in English, French and Spanish, and has subtitles in the same languages. The film was also released on DVD in Australia on","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"docid":"9651557","text":"the finale is the current TV season's most-watched cable telecast among scripted programs. The show ended with Alex becoming the family wizard, Justin being declared new Headmaster of WizTech (also keeping his wizard powers), and Max getting to run the sub shop. On September 27, 2012, Disney Channel announced that \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" would return for an hour-long special, that began production on October 22, 2012, and ended production on November 10, 2012, for a premiere telecast on the cable channel in early 2013. The special, executive-produced by Selena Gomez, alongside series executive producers Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"14597421","text":"after he tells her he likes her too much, they kiss. Alex promises she won't abandon him, but then runs off to help her brother. She comes back and they make up. Alex later reveals she doesn't like how badly Dean expresses his feelings. When wizard students stay at the Russos' due to Wiz Tech being closed down, Ronald Longcape Jr. begins to develop feelings for her. Alex feels guilty when she thinks she's falling in love with Ronald. Ronald gets rid of Dean and then transforms into him as to break up with Alex so he can be with","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)"},{"docid":"10188362","text":"that Channel 5 had entered into a strategic sponsorship with Disney to bring back \"Shake!\" . Under the new arrangement, Disney would sponsor the block and also provide some Disney Channel programming for the slot, such as Hannah Montana and Wizards of Waverly Place. \"Shake!\" returned with a new presenter, Jen Pringle. The revived \"Shake!\" launched on Sunday 4 October 2009 at 10am with \"Snobs\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\" and \"The Tribe\". \"Snobs\" and \"The Tribe\" were previously screened during the earlier run of \"Shake!\". In 2010, \"Shake!\" was sponsored by Nickelodeon, returning with a revamped set and","title":"Shake!"},{"docid":"13046452","text":"7th-most-watched program on multi-channel viewing for that week, and the second-highest views watched on Disney Channel UK. The \"What's What Edition\" of the film premiered on October 24, 2009 on Disney Channel, part of a \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" marathon. The \"What's What Edition\" featured exclusive behind-the-scenes information on the film during the presentation. In an interview with Disney Channel's commercial-segment, \"Disney 365\", Selena Gomez discussed her interpretations of the songs on the soundtrack saying: \"'Disappear' is more of a romantic song. It's basically talking about how a girl likes a guy and they [she] don't want him to disappear,","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie"},{"docid":"16218521","text":"impossible to select and cast the spell without getting caught. Patrolling enemies are even worse; if a kid gets anywhere near the observer's patrol area (which is always near the puzzle spot), they'll stop and stare at the kid. It is an added frustration that can, and does, force failure on players. \"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound\" adopts a scaled-down, almost \"Chibi\" look for its characters, but still manages to retain the show's bright look. Even in scaled-down form, characters are easily recognizable, as are many of the show's locations such as the Loft and the sub shop. Sections of","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound"},{"docid":"10341922","text":"and Catherine Tate. Sulkin also played the role of JJ in the Disney Channel comedy, \"As the Bell Rings\", worked on a CBBC children sci-fi show \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" (spin-off of \"Doctor Who\"), playing Adam in series 3 two-episode story \"The Mad Woman in the Attic\". Sulkin was part of Disney Channel's \"Pass the Plate\" as Gregg from the UK. He had a recurring guest role on the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", where he played Alex's love interest Mason Greyback he reprised his role in 4 episodes of season 3 and returned to the series in","title":"Gregg Sulkin"},{"docid":"2001989","text":"Petey was to be played by Andy Milonakis replacing David Henrie who was already starring in Disney Channel's \"Wizards of Waverly Place. On July 24, 2008, it was announced that the animated series had been taken out of production after a pilot had failed to impress Fox executives. The Pitts The Pitts is an American sitcom that aired Sunday at 9:30 on Fox between March and April 2003. It is about a family and their bad luck. The show featured absurd, fantastical plots presented within the context of a seemingly normal family sitcom. It was cancelled after two months. The","title":"The Pitts"},{"docid":"14630549","text":"and Harper move into an apartment building with a secret 13th floor for wizards and other creatures in the wizard world. However, it turns out to be a trap made by Gorog to capture the wizards who live in the same floor to make them join the dark side and rule the wizard world. He is defeated and destroyed by Alex, Justin and Max who were using the Power of Three. During this, Alex and Mason get back together and, after a long time, Justin finally gets back together with Juliet. Finally, in the hour-long series finale, Alex, Justin, and","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"docid":"13964257","text":"title role. She also appeared as an extra in the 2010 film \"She's Out of My League\". Her first featured television appearance was in the 2011 episode \"Back to Max\", in the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", where she sang \"America the Beautiful\" to work off school detention. Evancho appeared in the feature film \"The Company You Keep\", a 2013 political thriller. She played Isabel, the eleven-year-old daughter of a widowed attorney turned fugitive, played by Robert Redford, who also directed the film. Jon Weisman wrote that Evancho \"showed she's more than a singing prodigy with her earnest","title":"Jackie Evancho"},{"docid":"9197219","text":"In \"Choices\" he plays a struggling taxi driver in San Francisco who finds himself in love with a lonely prostitute. \"Choices\" was released in India and enjoyed a limited release in the United States. He also played The Prince of Morocco in the Cal Shakespeare Company's \"The Merchant of Venice\". Much of Maharajh's work has included Raj Koothrappali's cousin and lawyer, Venkatesh in \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"The Office\", \"Outsourced (TV series)\", \"Scrubs\", \"30 Days\", \"Mind of Mencia\", \"Numb3rs\", \"Samantha Who?\", \"Private Practice\", \"Heroes\", \"Prison Break\", \"Tracey Ullman's State of the Union\", The Defenders, Wizards of Waverly Place, The Event,","title":"Frank Maharajh"},{"docid":"3893597","text":"Disney Channel sitcom \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" as T.J. Taylor, a wizard who ignores the rules and uses magic the way he wants, often getting him into trouble. He was also in \"The Boondocks\" as the voice of Butch Magnus Milosevic in the episode Shinin'. He appeared in two episodes of \"The Batman\" first as Harris, a middle schooler then as Scorn, the sidekick of the villain Wrath. Both roles were opposite his brother, who played \"Robin\". He costarred in the 2009 film \"April Showers\", a movie written and directed by a survivor of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre.","title":"Daryl Sabara"},{"docid":"11045658","text":"keep the fact that they are wizards a secret from most people outside of their immediate family. Alex's best friend is Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone), a mortal to whom Alex reveals that she and her family are wizards after a few seasons. Ultimately, Alex must eventually compete against her brothers to determine who will remain the Russo family's only wizard, as only one wizard is allowed per family. Outside of wizardry, Alex is interested in becoming an artist. At one point, Alex begins dating a werewolf named Mason. Alex debuts in the pilot episode of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Crazy","title":"Alex Russo"},{"docid":"13419011","text":"first then to start their respective episodes series. In the UK, however, it is shown, even on the premier, as three individual episodes, with three individual title sequences. Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana is a trilogy of crossover episodes between three Disney Channel original sitcoms which premiered in the United States on July 17, 2009. The crossover spanned across episodes of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"The Suite Life on Deck\", and \"Hannah Montana\". Max, Justin and Alex Russo join regulars from \"The Suite Life on Deck\" aboard the SS \"Tipton\", Cody Martin attempting","title":"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana"},{"docid":"13418997","text":"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana is a trilogy of crossover episodes between three Disney Channel original sitcoms which premiered in the United States on July 17, 2009. The crossover spanned across episodes of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"The Suite Life on Deck\", and \"Hannah Montana\". Max, Justin and Alex Russo join regulars from \"The Suite Life on Deck\" aboard the SS \"Tipton\", Cody Martin attempting to retrieve tickets for a Hannah Montana concert in Hawaii, while Miley Stewart, en route to the concert on the SS \"Tipton\", loses her mother's lucky anklet –","title":"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana"},{"docid":"17163087","text":"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex is a 2013 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy special episode based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". It was directed by Victor Gonzalez and filmed primarily in Disney Studios in October and November 2012. The full cast of the series starred in the special, with the exception of David Henrie, although the character was mentioned frequently. The film focuses on the Russo family, Harper, and Mason visiting Italy for a family reunion. The special premiered on March 15, 2013 on the Disney Channel in the","title":"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex"},{"docid":"11249164","text":"portrayed the cousin of Alexa's character Ruby, whom he has a crush on, reasoning that it was because he never grew up with her. In February 2010, Butler landed a recurring role as Jones on the CW series \"Life Unexpected\", and that same month, he appeared in an episode of \"Wizards Of Waverly Place\" titled \"Positive Alex\" where he played Alex's new crush, George. In June of that year, Butler appeared in two consecutive \"Jonas\" episodes where he played Stone Stevens, and in December of that year, Butler's guest-starred on \"\" and \"The Defenders\". Also in 2010, Butler's \"Aliens in","title":"Austin Butler"},{"docid":"14863362","text":"Kappa Alpha Theta sorority. Samuels held a recurring role as Gertrude \"Gigi\" Hollingsworth in \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" on Disney Channel. She also played the child celebrity Ashley Blake on the Drake and Josh episode \"Little Diva\". She then appeared in the films \"The Stepfather\" (2009) and \"Furry Vengeance\" (2010). She also starred in two series cancelled in their first season: the ABC series \"The Gates\" as Andie Bates and the ABC Family series \"The Nine Lives of Chloe King\", in which she played Chloe. Samuels next appeared in the recurring role of Bonnie Lipton in the of the FX","title":"Skyler Samuels"},{"docid":"7988351","text":"Jim Wise Wise's other television acting credits include \"That's So Raven\", \"JAG\", \"Veronica's Closet\", \"Friends\", \"The Secret World of Alex Mack\", \"Suddenly Susan\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Invader Zim\" and among other series. He also provided the voice of Loud Howard on \"Dilbert: The Series\", played the football announcer in the 2001 film \"Not Another Teen Movie\", and played a resort guest in the 2002 Philip Seymour Hoffman tragicomedy \"Love Liza\". As a singer and composer, he wrote all the songs featured in the \"Even Stevens\" episode \"Influenza: The Musical\" and wrote the song \"Dream Vacation\" for \"The Even Stevens","title":"Jim Wise"},{"docid":"14838044","text":"it became the most watched pilot in Canada and on the Family network, also outpacing veteran series \"Hannah Montana\" and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" with the ratings. Hotel heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song) and twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) are to attend a new semester in Seven Seas High School on the SS \"Tipton\", a cruise ship owned by Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles and played by Adam Tait in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in the special Suite Life On Deck episode \"Twister\"). (which was seen in","title":"The Suite Life Sets Sail"},{"docid":"9651559","text":"between good and evil atop the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The film is titled \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\" and premiered on March 15, 2013. This series was created and as produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of \"Hannah Montana\". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, \"Everything Is Not What It Seems\", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series was","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"13419009","text":"deflates it with his fingernail. In this episode Miley and Lilly appeared only as Hannah and Lola. The special was released on DVD on September 22, 2009. Bonus features include: The theme song to \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\" is a remix of the three shows' opening sequences and theme songs in a format of a Rubik's Cube twisting and turning to the three shows' theme songs; it starts with \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", then \"The Suite Life on Deck\", and followed by \"Hannah Montana\". It lasted for 1.03 minutes and appears during the show when changing to the","title":"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana"},{"docid":"12262388","text":"is the winner. There are multiple variations of the Speed Round. Players finish the line of a well-known song or movie line. A variation of Finish That Line played in the Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie edition where the players have to guess the ending of a popular spell. A quote is read and the players have to guess which character said it. A character is given and the players have to guess how they are related to the main character. The players have to answer what place it is from The Suite Life On Deck. There has been","title":"Disney Channel's 3 Minute Game Show"},{"docid":"14630550","text":"Max compete in the family wizard competition. Alex wins and gains full wizardry; Justin becomes a full wizard as well when Professor Crumbs reveals he is retiring as headmaster of WizTech and passes the position to Justin. Jerry also decides to pass down the Waverly Sub Station to Max one day since he is the only child who is not a wizard anymore. The series ends with hugging and Alex saying that they are all happy. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Gregg Sulkin as Mason Greybeck, Ian Abercrombie as Professor Crumbs, David Barrera as Carlos Cucuy, Samantha Boscarino as","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"docid":"7562125","text":"as the alcoholic, divorced, single mother Meredith Palmer on the television comedy \"The Office\". Before \"The Office\", she made appearances on \"The Bernie Mac Show\", \"Boomtown\", \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\", and \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" In 2008, Flannery was a talent scout on \"Last Comic Standing\" with her \"Office\" costar Brian Baumgartner, and she appeared with the cast of \"The Office\" on \"Celebrity Family Feud\". In 2010 she played Harper's mom on the Disney Channel's \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" as Elaine Finkle. Flannery also appeared as a judge in a 2009 episode of \"Iron Chef America\". She has also appeared on \"The","title":"Kate Flannery"},{"docid":"15114380","text":"of Waverly Place\". They also co-wrote the made-for-TV film \"\" starring Brenda Song. In 2009, they won a Primetime Emmy for their work on \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". Cheung is of Chinese descent and Montanio is of Mexican descent. Because of their different ethnic backgrounds, the name of their production company is Rice and Beans Productions. Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio are an American television writing and producing team. Cheung and Montiano first worked together at ITC Productions, where Cheung was a development executive and Montanio worked in production. After doing script rewrites for number","title":"Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio"},{"docid":"6541699","text":"Ian Abercrombie Ian Abercrombie (11 September 1934 – 26 January 2012) was an English actor. He played Alfred Pennyworth on \"Birds of Prey\", Justin Pitt (Elaine Benes's boss) during the sixth season of \"Seinfeld\", Rupert Cavanaugh (Ian Hainsworth's butler) on \"Desperate Housewives\", Professor Crumbs on \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", and Palpatine on \"\". Abercrombie was born on 11 September 1934 in Grays, Essex, England. He began his theatrical career during the Blitz in World War II. After his footwork years during which he earned Bronze, Silver and Gold medals in stage dancing, he performed in London, Scotland, Ireland, and the","title":"Ian Abercrombie"},{"docid":"8114370","text":"Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Everybody Hates Chris\" and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". He had a recurring role as Rico on \"Hannah Montana\", and became a series regular in the show's second season. In 2009, he played Andre in the Disney Channel Original Movie \"Dadnapped\". As a regular on the Disney Channel, he participated on the first and second Disney Channel Games on the red team. He also participated in the third Disney Channel games on the Yellow Team (Comets). His main role while at Disney was as Rico Suave in 'Hannah Montana'. He appeared in music videos for","title":"Moisés Arias"},{"docid":"12392701","text":"record deal. Shortly after, she started auditioning and received a minor role on \"Drake & Josh\" and other guest roles on shows such as \"Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide\", \"The O.C.\", \"Private Practice\" and \"Ruby & the Rockits\". She appeared in two episodes on both television shows \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" as Miranda Hampson and \"How I Met Your Mother\" as Katie Scherbatsky. In 2007, Hale appeared in NBC's short-lived series \"Bionic Woman\", a re-imagining from the 1976 series of the same name. Hale plays Becca Sommers, the younger sister of the title character Jaime Sommers (played by Michelle Ryan).","title":"Lucy Hale"},{"docid":"14630548","text":"reveal to Zeke that they are wizards. In \"Wizard of the Year\", Alex is crowned Wizard of the Year for saving the world from the angels of darkness, and is reinstated in the Wizards Competition. In \"Justin's Back In\", Justin is reinstated in the Wizard Competition, after his class of delinquent wizards passes. Meanwhile, Alex's relationship with Mason is jeopardized again when a beast tamer, Chase Riprock, falls in love with Alex and Mason gets jealous. This results in Alex breaking up with Mason. Alex, Justin and Max then save the world from being destroyed by an asteroid. Later, Alex","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"docid":"9651561","text":"premiere of \"Twitches Too\", gathering 5.9 million viewers. In January 2010, \"Wizards vs. Werewolves\" one-hour special episode became the series' most-watched (non-crossover) episode with 6.2 million viewers, surpassing the 6 million viewers of \"Paint By Committee\" episode The series' most watched episode, including crossovers, was \"Cast-Away (To Another Show)\" episode, which was included in the special trilogy of crossover episodes between three Disney Channel original sitcoms, \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\". The broadcast was watched by 10.6 million viewers. In 2009, the series was the top scripted telecast for teens between the age of 9–14 (1.63 million/6.7 rating) and","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"6243159","text":"Cody Martin Cody Martin (played by Cole Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Cody also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan Sprouse stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something he and his brother came up with when they were shooting \"Big Daddy\" and stayed in a hotel for","title":"Cody Martin"},{"docid":"3557558","text":"and commercials. She acted in her first Hollywood film in 2004's \"13 Going on 30\", playing the younger Jenna Rink, Jennifer Garner's character. She also played the teenage Jenny, another Jennifer Garner character, in \"Ghosts of Girlfriends Past\". Her other film credits include \"A Merry Little Christmas\", \"Youth in Revolt\", \"One Wish\", \"One Kine Day\" and \"Detention of the Dead\". Allen has guest starred in many television series, including \"Medium\", \"Cory in the House\", \"The Suite Life on Deck\", \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"ER\", \"\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and \"Cold Case\". Allen starred as the title character in the CBS Saturday","title":"Christa B. Allen"},{"docid":"11814802","text":"Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \"The Legend of Buddha\", later starring in the films \"Alice Upside Down\" (2007), \"The Clique\" (2008) and \"Labor Pains\" (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series \"Good Luck Charlie\", which ran from April 2010 to February 2014. Mendler also starred in","title":"Bridgit Mendler"},{"docid":"14597438","text":"joining the revolution to freeze Stevie and transport her powers to her brother, Warren. Max then destroys Stevie by accident. Alex has romance going off and on in this season. Max falls for his first girlfriend. The season finale has the family kidnapped by government agents for being wizards. Tricked into believing an alien invasion is coming, Justin tells the agents magic exists, leading to most wizards being captured. The Russos manage to escape with Alex declaring they need to tell the world the truth to save the wizard world. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Bill Chott as Mr.","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)"},{"docid":"10577147","text":"guest star in the television series \"Cracking Up\", \"Listen Up!\", the pilot episode of \"Summerland\" and the 2004 direct-to-video film \"Arizona Summer\". In 2007, Kane starred in her first theatrical film role as Meredith Baxter Dimly, in the film \"Bratz\", playing the film's antagonist. She also performed two of the songs on . In 2008, she starred in the original movie, \"Minutemen\", as Stephanie Jameson. She also appeared in one episode of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" (the episode, \"The Supernatural\") and she starred in the Disney Channel original film \"Starstruck\" (2010). She played the role of Stella Malone, the stylist","title":"Chelsea Kane"},{"docid":"8114371","text":"Pearl Jam, and the Jonas Brothers video for their song \"SOS\", and Parmalee, and the 2006 film \"Nacho Libre\" in a minor role. He participated in the Guadalajara Film Festival (2009) during the presentation of the movie \"The Perfect Game\" with Eva Longoria. Arias appeared in \"Beethoven's Big Break\" in 2008. He appeared on the ESPN family of networks as a roving 'sideline' reporter conducting interviews with fans and players at the 2009 Little League World Series. He appeared in \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and played Max (Jake T. Austin)'s conscience. Arias and his brother directed a series of YouTube","title":"Moisés Arias"},{"docid":"6914243","text":"he starred for two years with Jack Warden in the CBS series \"Crazy Like a Fox\". He has played recurring parts on \"The Fosters\", \"The Mentalist\", \"Desperate Housewives\", \"Parenthood\", \"No Ordinary Family\", \"Greek\", \"The Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Dirty Sexy Money\", \"Day Break\", \"The Practice\", \"\", \"The Young and the Restless\", and \"Barbershop\". In 1987, Rubinstein made his directorial debut at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, staging Aphra Behn's \"The Rover\", with Christopher Reeve and Kate Burton; the following season he directed the first American-cast production of Christopher Hampton's \"Les Liaisons Dangereuses\". Off-Broadway, he directed the New York premieres of \"Phantasie\"","title":"John Rubinstein"},{"docid":"11814849","text":"\"Hello My Name Is...\", Mendler offered exclusive album promotions through Target. In 2014 she signed with the line of dermatology products Clean & Clear and recorded several commercials and campaigns for real beauty. Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \"The Legend of Buddha\", later starring in the films \"Alice Upside Down\" (2007), \"The Clique\" (2008) and \"Labor Pains\" (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \"Wizards of Waverly Place\".","title":"Bridgit Mendler"},{"docid":"9740360","text":"their own lemonade stands. Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \"Bridge to Terabithia\" (2007), Isabelle in \"Brothers\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\" (2010), Maggie in \"Just Go with It\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \"Parental Guidance\" (2012), and Kinsey in \"\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and young Snow White in \"Once Upon a Time\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \"The Fosters\". In 2015, she began starring","title":"Bailee Madison"},{"docid":"9740351","text":"Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \"Bridge to Terabithia\" (2007), Isabelle in \"Brothers\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\" (2010), Maggie in \"Just Go with It\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \"Parental Guidance\" (2012), and Kinsey in \"\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and young Snow White in \"Once Upon a Time\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \"The Fosters\". In 2015, she began starring as Grace Russell in","title":"Bailee Madison"},{"docid":"6541704","text":"Los Angeles, California on 26 January 2012, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, twenty days after the \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" finale, from kidney failure. He was 77. \"Star Wars\" Celebration VI included the panel \"Vocal Stars of \"The Clone Wars\"\", hosted by James Arnold Taylor and featuring cast members Matt Lanter, Ashley Eckstein, Dee Bradley Baker and Tom Kane. The cast dedicated the panel to Abercrombie. Additionally, \"The Clone Wars\" episode \"The Lawless\" includes a dedication to Abercrombie in the opening titles. Ian Abercrombie Ian Abercrombie (11 September 1934 – 26 January 2012) was an English actor. He played Alfred Pennyworth","title":"Ian Abercrombie"},{"docid":"14630545","text":"the series features a revamped opening sequence with clips from past seasons. The opening sequence takes place in the wizard lair at the Russo home. Footage of Alex (Selena Gomez) and Justin Russo (David Henrie) is shown in the Crystal replay ball from the season premiere \"Alex Tells the World\". Then, a spell book opens and footage of Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) and Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone) appear. After that, footage of Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera) and Jerry Russo (David DeLuise) are shown in a cauldron. After the footage is played, Alex transports them to Times Square, with Alex","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)"},{"docid":"17779586","text":"combine them into a single personality, they try to escape. Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"Big","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"docid":"17779576","text":"Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"Big Daddy\" and staying in a hotel for four months. Sprouse","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"docid":"12133745","text":"\"Danny Phantom\" as Danny Fenton/Phantom's high school crush, Paulina. She also performed the voice of Mercedes \"Meche\" Colomar in the 1998 video game \"Grim Fandango\". Canals-Barrera also played incidental characters in two episodes on the TV series \"The Boondocks\" (\"Grandad's Fight\" and \"Home Alone\"). From 2007 to 2012, Canals-Barrera co-starred as Theresa Russo, the mother of lead character, in the Disney Channel family sitcom, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". She also co-starred in \"\", a 2009 Disney Channel Original movie based on series. Canals-Barrera also appeared in the Disney Channel Original Movies \"Camp Rock\" (2008) and \"\" (2010), alongside Demi Lovato","title":"Maria Canals-Barrera"},{"docid":"2738321","text":"game \"\", a version of this song titled \"Home on the Wastes\" appears, with the lyrics referring to a nice, radiation-free place to live. In the altered lyrics, the original animals mentioned in the older versions, such as buffalo, deer, antelope, and prairie dogs, are replaced with bighorners, mole rats, fire geckos, and radscorpions. The song is also used in Wizards of Waverly Place, sung by the character Maxine in episode \"Back to max\", The Wild Kratts episode “Prairie Who” parodies the Song as “Home On The Prairie” which is sung by Chris, Martin, Aviva, Koki, And Jimmy. Home on","title":"Home on the Range"},{"docid":"6931463","text":"2009 and served as the third and final installment of the \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\" crossover episode; the first was considered an episode of the second season of \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", while the second was produced as an installment of the first season of \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Furthermore, the season was interrupted with the premiere of \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\", which was released on April 10, 2009. The fourth and final season of \"Hannah Montana\" was renamed \"Hannah Montana Forever\", and premiered on July 11, 2010. After broadcasting 13 episodes that season, and 98 episodes","title":"Hannah Montana"},{"docid":"6304942","text":"several Young Artist Award nominations. When \"Unfabulous\" ended in 2007, Jow co-starred in the animated film \"Bratz: The Movie\" as Quinn and has guest-starred on the shows \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"The Young and the Restless\", \"iCarly\", \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" and the Disney show \"Hannah Montana\" and co-starred in the 2009 science fiction comedy \"Aliens in the Attic\". In 2010, Jow appeared in the first season of The CW fantasy drama \"The Vampire Diaries\". She played Anna, a vampire. Jow briefly re-appeared in the third season. That same year, Jow co-starred in the fantasy romance film","title":"Malese Jow"},{"docid":"11538917","text":"first SS \"Tipton\" as a gift for Captain Lansferd. The show's theme song, \"Livin' the Suite Life,\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the themes for fellow Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Phil of the Future\", and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", as well as the theme for the ABC Kids series \"\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, some of which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by British singer Steve Rushton (who is","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"docid":"2983344","text":"Hotel (the main setting of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"); Hannah Montana/Miley Stewart (Miley Cyrus) also eats cake off Zack, which recurs in the 2009 crossover \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\", in which characters from \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and \"Hannah Montana\" come on aboard the S.S. Tipton. In 2015 a crossover between two Disney XD shows \"\" and \"Mighty Med\" crossed over in the special \"Lab Rats vs. Mighty Med\". Another type of crossover involves characters from an off the air series resurfacing in a newer series. This occurred in a 2010 episode of the Nickelodeon","title":"Crossover (fiction)"},{"docid":"11814809","text":"She had a supporting role in the film \"\". In 2009, Mendler became a recurring character in the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". Mendler portrayed the role of Juliet Van Heusen, a vampire who later forms a romance with David Henrie's character Justin Russo. This lasts till the series finale. Mendler would go on to appear in eleven episodes total for the series, spanning from 2009 to 2012 when the series ended. In 2010, Mendler became the star of the Disney Channel Original Series \"Good Luck Charlie\", centering on a teenage girl who makes videos for her baby","title":"Bridgit Mendler"},{"docid":"11538925","text":"age of 6–11. In addition, the series is #1 in total viewers on all cable, outperforming #2 rank (Fox News and Nickelodeon) by 800,000 more viewers. As of August 2009, the highest rated episode of \"The Suite Life on Deck\" was \"Double-Crossed,\" the second part of \"Wizards On Deck with Hannah Montana\", a trilogy of crossover episodes featuring guest stars from \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and \"Hannah Montana\" which premiered on July 17, 2009 on Disney Channel. The special was viewed by more than 10.6 million viewers, program of the night across both cable and broadcast television, and ranks as","title":"The Suite Life on Deck"},{"docid":"12764924","text":"who cast her as Jazmine Payne in the television series \"Tyler Perry's House of Payne\". She appears in the movie \"Daddy's Little Girls\" with her sisters, Sierra and Lauryn, who are also actresses and play her older sisters in the film. McClain appeared in and guest starred in various other shows and movies such as \"Hannah Montana\" with Sierra McCormick, \"NCIS\" and the 2009 film \"Hurricane Season\". Jonas, was also a Disney Channel shows she was on. She also appeared in the movie \"Grown Ups\", as Charlotte McKenzie. McClain appeared on the Disney Channel series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" in","title":"China Anne McClain"},{"docid":"5643988","text":"18-year-old-daughter of Dr. Mark Sloan on the medical-drama, \"Grey's Anatomy\" (2005–present). Rambin briefly returned to \"All My Children\" as Lily Montgomery on January 5, 2010 for the show's 40th Anniversary. Rambin was cast as the daughter of Virginia Madsen and David James Elliott on the ABC television series, \"Scoundrels\" (2010). However, the series ended its eight-episode run on August 15, 2010, due to low ratings. Rambin appeared on the Disney Channel show, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" (2007–12), in the recurring role of Rosie, who is a Guardian Angel turned Angel of Darkness who was in love with Justin to steal","title":"Leven Rambin"},{"docid":"4828021","text":"the Cluck Bucket, an aptitude company, and the restaurant where Wayne \"dates\" London. There are even two episodes that take place in Hollywood, which includes a movie studio, LAX, a beach, Sunset Blvd, Hollywood Blvd, and the Tipton Los Angeles. The show's theme song, \"Here I Am,\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's spinoff \"The Suite Life on Deck\", as well as for fellow Disney Channel series \"Phil of the Future\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Good Luck Charlie\", \"Shake It Up\", \"Sonny with a Chance\", \"Jonas\", \"So Random!\", \"A.N.T. Farm\",","title":"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"},{"docid":"9651564","text":"Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic recognized \"Wizards\" for its \"teen revamps of boomer classics that parents can enjoy too\". He also stated that the album is \"agreeable\" and that Selena Gomez \"inevitably stands out from the pack\". However, Erlewine said: \"the dang-awful version of America's \"You Can Do Magic\" by Drew Seeley is sunk by its hyper-claustrophobic rhythms, the biggest rearrangement of a tune here and easily the worst cut.\" A video game based on the series was released in August 2009. The show's complete first season was released on September 10, 2009 in Germany, on October 1, 2009 in","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place"},{"docid":"13419010","text":"different episodes. The 1:03 minute theme song is not on the DVD sale of the Canadian region (separated into 3 different shows, broadcast with own theme songs). Subsequent rebroadcasts of all three episodes feature each show's respective opening sequences for the individual episodes, as well as the closing credits for \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\" for the episodes of those two series that were part of the crossover, that were not included in the original broadcast and initial repeats. This is Disney Channel's first crossover to have an opening sequence and theme song to show","title":"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana"},{"docid":"14597406","text":"four friends walk to school. Throughout the sequence, the furniture in the background seems to be moving around. The show debuted on Disney Channel on October 12, 2007 after the premiere of \"Twitches Too\", gathering 5.9 million viewers. In February 2009, the episode \"Helping Hand\" broke the record for the largest audience in the 7:00 PM (Eastern Time) time period on the Disney Channel, with a total of 4.5 million viewers. In January 2010, \"Wizards vs. Werewolves\" one-hour special episode became the series' most-watched episode with 6.2 million viewers, surpassing the 6 million viewers of \"Paint By Committee\" episode In","title":"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)"},{"docid":"8323709","text":"debut in television film \"The Gunfighters\". He also starred in the 1990 film \"Quest for the Mighty Sword,\" replacing previous lead actor Miles O'Keeffe. He played Thor in NBC's television film \"The Incredible Hulk Returns\" and a Russian baseball player in the television movie \"The Comrades of Summer\". Among Kramer's more notable roles have been Little John in \"\", Bear in \"American Wedding\", and Boris, bodyguard to producer Lee Donowitz, in \"True Romance\". He has also appeared in a number of notable television series, including \"Two and a Half Men\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Growing Pains\", \"Cheers\", \"Empty Nest\", \"Blossom\",","title":"Eric Allan Kramer"},{"docid":"8093300","text":"Chad Broskey Chad Broskey (born July 3, 1987) is a former American actor. He has played in two movies, Legally Blondes (2009), and Read It and Weep (2006). Chad went to the Youth Performing Arts School in Louisville, Kentucky. He appeared as Gavin in an episode for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". He also co-starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie \"Read It and Weep\" opposite Kay Panabaker as Marco Vega and appeared in the Scrubs episode \"Their Story\" as The Todd's fantasy son Rod. Recently, Chad appeared in an episode of Wizards of Waverly Place as one","title":"Chad Broskey"},{"docid":"5200579","text":"2010, he had a recurring role in the television drama \"Lost,\" appearing as Dr. Arzt in nine episodes. Roebuck is a regular player in films by Rob Zombie, starting with \"The Devil's Rejects\" (2005), as Morris Green. He has been a writer and producer for the \"Monsterama\" series, appearing in some of the episodes. Roebuck also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie \"Quints\" (2000), as well as the Nickelodeon original film, \"Shredderman Rules\" (2007). In the series \"Sonny with a Chance\", he played Mr. Condor. He guest starred in Disney's \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". In 2009, Roebuck guest starred","title":"Daniel Roebuck"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"16218516\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS, and released on November 16, 2010. The game is based on the popular Disney Channel show, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". There is another video game based on the show named: \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", which was released on August 25, 2009 in America, on August 28, 2009 in Europe, and on September 21, 2009 in Australia. Like the show, the game focuses on the adventures of Alex, Max, and Justin Russo, teenage siblings who happen to be\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16218522\",\n \"text\": \"the game are shown with the same \\\"dancing\\\" transitions as in the show. They are repetitive but help make the game stand out among other games. Even the music carries the same silly tunes from the show, albeit in downgraded synthesized versions. Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS, and released on November 16, 2010. The game is based on the popular Disney Channel show, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". There is another video game based on the show named: \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", which\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13750281\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (video game) Wizards of Waverly Place is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS. It was released on August 25, 2009 in America, on August 28, 2009 in Europe and in Australia on September 21, 2009. It is based upon the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". The game is based on many of the sets used in the TV show. The game is about Alex buying a bracelet that is for adult wizards and starts freezing people. A second video game called \\\"\\\" was released on November 16,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597403\",\n \"text\": \"techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series is filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. Set on Waverly Place in Manhattan, New York's Greenwich Village neighborhood, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" centers on the Italian-Mexican Russo family, which includes Alex (Selena Gomez), her older brother Justin (David Henrie) and their younger brother Max (Jake T. Austin). The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian-American father Jerry (David DeLuise), a former wizard, and their Mexican-American mother Theresa, who is a mortal. Alex also has a mortal friend, Harper (Jennifer Stone), who at first\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13046456\",\n \"text\": \"2011, Selena Gomez confirmed in an interview that the proposed sequel would not be filmed. However, on July 28, 2011, Maria Canals Barrera stated in an interview that the project was \\\"not 100% dead anymore\\\" and that she was \\\"hopeful\\\" that a second film would be produced. Later, it was confirmed that the \\\"Wizards\\\" would return in a special event entitled \\\"\\\" in early 2013. Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". It was directed by\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10308352\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". He played the youngest sibling of a wizarding family, co-starring with Selena Gomez and David Henrie. Until the end of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" in 2011, Austin appeared in multiple Disney productions. In the summer of 2009, he played the role of Max Russo in the \\\"Wizards on Deck\\\" crossover episode which included two other popular Disney shows, \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" and \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". During the same summer, he starred in the made-for-television film \\\"\\\".<ref name=\\\"TVGuide.com 09/08/27 1\\\"></ref> The film was a ratings hit, becoming the second most-viewed Disney Channel film at that time,\",\n \"title\": \"Jake T. Austin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13046437\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie is a 2009 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". It was directed by Lev L. Spiro and filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico in February and March 2009. The full cast of the series starred in the film, although Jennifer Stone only had a small role at the beginning of the film. The film focuses on the Russo family taking a vacation to the Caribbean. The film premiered on August 28, 2009 on the Disney Channel in\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13750282\",\n \"text\": \"2010. The game is about finding out what happened to a dress designed by Alex Russo that goes missing just before her big fashion show. Wizards of Waverly Place (video game) Wizards of Waverly Place is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS. It was released on August 25, 2009 in America, on August 28, 2009 in Europe and in Australia on September 21, 2009. It is based upon the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". The game is based on many of the sets used in the TV show. The game is\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13434150\",\n \"text\": \"CD for \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" includes exclusive behind-the-scenes interviews with Gomez and also the new music video for \\\"Magic\\\". The album debuted at #24 on the Billboard 200, selling 18,000 units in its first week. It has sold 2,005,000 copies in the U.S. to date. The soundtrack was released in the UK on October 5, 2009, although not stocked up in most of the UK, and in Mexico released on August 14, 2009. Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack) Wizards of Waverly Place is the soundtrack album from the Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597420\",\n \"text\": \"of her father's, which he agrees to do. Dean then enters it in a race once fixing it, but Alex gets mad when her family begin to like Dean and he doesn't spend as much time with her. Alex then transports herself into the car during the race to talk to Dean, who reveals he likes her. Dean asks Alex out, but on a triple date. After Alex eliminates the other couples so that she can be alone with Dean, she realizes he wants to kiss her. On the date, she tries to distract Dean so that he won't, but\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8084132\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"How I Met Your Mother,\\\" where he played Ted's future son. At the age of 18, Henrie got the role of Justin Russo in the Disney Channel Original Series, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". The show premiered on October 12, 2007. He was in the movie \\\"\\\" with the cast of the series. Henrie played Justin Russo through the whole series. About a year after the finale a film, \\\"\\\" premiered on March 15, 2013 without Henrie, but his character was mentioned, and a photo of him is shown. Henrie is credited with writing two episodes of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"David Henrie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17163094\",\n \"text\": \"released exclusively on DVD on June 25, 2013 in a release that included the hour-long final episode of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Who Will Be the Family Wizard?\\\" as a bonus feature. The actual special was presented in its original 1.78:1 aspect ratio, with English, Spanish and French audio and subtitle tracks. The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex is a 2013 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy special episode based on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". It was directed by Victor Gonzalez and filmed primarily in Disney Studios in October and November\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597419\",\n \"text\": \"Dean Moriarty, and tries to impress him by using magic to make him think she's smart. In another episode, when Alex's nemesis, Gigi Hollingsworth, finds her diary which she draws in, she finds out about Alex's crush on Dean. When Gigi gets trapped, she gets back out and is convinced she hit her head. She tells the school of Alex's crush on Dean and Alex admits what she does in her diary, but denies it was Dean who was the Prince in her drawings. He still, however, seems impressed. She later asks him if he'll help fix an old car\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597417\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2) The second season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from September 12, 2008 to August 21, 2009. The season deals with the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie) and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continuing to compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Also starring in the series are Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise as their parents, Theresa and Jerry, and Jennifer Stone as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Harper now knows that Alex, Justin and Max are wizards. Alex and Justin have new love interests\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651551\",\n \"text\": \"of Waverly Place\\\" chronicles the adventures of the Russo Family. The Russos live on Waverly Place in Manhattan's Greenwich Village, above a sandwich shop which they own and run. The family consists of siblings Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max (Jake T. Austin). The three teenagers are wizards and live with their Italian father, Jerry (David DeLuise), a former family wizard, and their mortal Mexican mother, Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera). When the Russo siblings complete their wizard training, they have to participate in a competition to decide who will become the Family Wizard (the one to keep his/her\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13046453\",\n \"text\": \"and then 'Magical' is about casting a spell on a guy and this song, 'Magic', ties into \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\"\\\". Although recorded for an episode, \\\"Make it Happen\\\" doesn't appear on the album, for an unknown reason. The album includes songs from and inspired by the TV series and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\". \\\"Magic\\\" by Selena Gomez is a digital single on the iTunes Store. The song was released on July 21, 2009 as part of the Radio Disney iTunes Pass. \\\"Magic\\\" premiered on Radio Disney and a music video to Disney Channel on July\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597411\",\n \"text\": \"this, Justin walks away, saying they can wait until a cat movie comes out. However, they never get around to it, as Kari never makes another appearance. When the Sub Station employs Millie, Justin gets a crush on her. When he asks her out, she misunderstands and he's stuck babysitting her cousin while she goes on their date with her boyfriend. Max is the dimwitted odd one of the family. He has a different approach to things and doesn't understand most things. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1) The first season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651565\",\n \"text\": \"Spain, on March 3, 2010 in France and on March 12, 2010 in Poland. Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651549\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12, 2007 to January 6, 2012 on Disney Channel. The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald, and stars Selena Gomez, David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers. Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals Barrera, and David DeLuise. The series won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009. A film adaptation of the series, \\\"\\\", premiered as a Disney Channel Original\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13434147\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack) Wizards of Waverly Place is the soundtrack album from the Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was released as a physical CD, enhanced CD and digital on August 4, 2009, under Walt Disney Records. The album includes songs from and inspired by the television series and \\\"\\\". In an interview with Disney Channel's commercial-segment, \\\"Disney 365\\\", Selena Gomez discussed her interpretations of the songs on the soundtrack saying: \\\"\\\"Disappear\\\" is more of a romantic song. It's basically talking about how a girl likes a guy and they [she] don't want him\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14630544\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4) The fourth and final season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from November 12, 2010 to January 6, 2012. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their magical family and begin to make difficult decisions about their futures. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the second season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. Season 4 of\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597433\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their family and meet many friends and adversaries along the way. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the first season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. The opening sequence is the same\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597439\",\n \"text\": \"Laritate, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie Nichols, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Moisés Arias as Conscience, Bella Thorne as Nancy Lukey, Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Austin Butler as George, Shakira as Herself, Ted McGinley as Magroder, John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood, Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3) The third season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009 to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597428\",\n \"text\": \"so his brother turns him into a clown and she leaves. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2) The second season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from September 12, 2008 to August 21, 2009. The season deals with the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie) and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continuing to compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Also starring in the series are Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise as their parents, Theresa and Jerry, and Jennifer Stone as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Harper now knows that Alex,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597401\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1) The first season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" aired on Disney Channel from October 12, 2007 to August 31, 2008. The season introduces the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) as they compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Amanda Tepe as Monotone Woman, Skyler Samuels as Gigi Hollingsworth, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Daryl Sabara as T.J.\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651556\",\n \"text\": \"of Waverly Place\\\" aired its one-hour series finale, \\\"Who Will Be The Family Wizard?\\\", which averaged nearly 10 million viewers (9.8 million; live+same day) to up to 11.3 million. Although it was not the series' most-watched special, being behind \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\", and \\\"Cast Away (To Another Show)\\\", it was the most-watched finale for a Disney Channel Original Series. Excluding the crossover programming special, it was the franchise's most-watched episode. The closer also set series best among kids 6–11 (4.2 million) and teens 9–14 (3.8 million). It also obtained a solid 1.9 rating with adults 18–49. Notably,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11045656\",\n \"text\": \"Alex Russo Alexandra Margarita \\\"Alex\\\" Russo is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Disney Channel sitcom \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", portrayed by Selena Gomez. In 2008, AOL named her the twentieth greatest witch in television history. Selena Gomez, who portrays Alex, is one of the only two cast members to appear in every single episode of the series; the only other cast member to do so is David Henrie, who portrays Justin Russo. The character has also appeared in \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" episode, Double Crossed. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" revolves around Alex Russo and her two\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Russo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8683189\",\n \"text\": \"the second titled \\\"Stevie Sanchez\\\" was a spin-off of the series \\\"Lizzie McGuire\\\". She later auditioned for a role in the Disney series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", ultimately winning the lead role of Alex Russo. Upon receiving the role, Gomez and her mother moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California; Lovato and her family also moved to Hollywood, hoping to achieve similar success to Gomez. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" saw Gomez portraying a teenage girl in a family of wizards who own a restaurant in New York. The series quickly became a hit for the network, propelling Gomez to more mainstream\",\n \"title\": \"Selena Gomez\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13046448\",\n \"text\": \"punishments with grace. While Theresa and Jerry remember nothing about the ordeal, Alex, Justin, and Max do. Their parents are astonished by the change in the kids' attitude. The full cast of the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" starred in the film. However, Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle only made appearances at the beginning of the film, and did not star. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\" was filmed primarily in San Juan, Puerto Rico between February and March 2009. Hotel scenes were shot at the Caribe Hilton Hotel in San Juan, while the main cave scene,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597422\",\n \"text\": \"her. Ronald takes advantage of her and makes her evil like him and his father so that they can rule. Alex then reveals she's in love with Dean, so is transformed back. Dean is back and starts calling Alex his girlfriend. Tired of lying to her best friend, she reveals magic to Harper by taking her into space on her birthday. Dean moves away, but Alex tries to continue dating him in his dreams with the use of magic. When he comes to see her, they go out on a date but she realizes they've drifted apart and aren't the\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651555\",\n \"text\": \"for himself and Bailey. The Disney Channel Original Movie, based on the series, premiered on August 28, 2009 on Disney Channel. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\" was filmed in Puerto Rico in the caribe Hilton hotel, Los Angeles, and New York City from February 16 to March 27, 2009. The movie received 11.4 million viewers on its premiere, making it the second-most-viewed DCOM premiere in the US after \\\"High School Musical 2\\\". It was the seventh-most-watched basic cable telecast in 2009. It won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010 for \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\". On Friday, January 6, 2012, \\\"Wizards\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11045664\",\n \"text\": \"Dean in order to \\\"end\\\" Alex's relationship with them. This causes Alex to start a relationship with Ronald, as it appears to her as her only option. She agrees to go to WizTech with him, where she realizes that Ronald has kidnapped Dean and put him in a block of jelly. Alex realizes that she truly loves Dean, and leaves Ronald. However, the two break up shortly after, then again in Dean's dream, after Alex uses a spell to get into his head One of the show's several working titles before becoming \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" was \\\"The Amazing O’Malleys\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Russo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651550\",\n \"text\": \"Movie on August 28, 2009. The film adaptation won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards earning the series its second consecutive Emmy. The farewell season won \\\"Outstanding Children's Program\\\" at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards bringing the franchise's total to three Emmy awards. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" ended with 106 episodes over four seasons, surpassing \\\"That's So Raven\\\". Its series finale averaged nearly 10 million viewers (live and total views on same day), which made that episode the most-watched series finale in Disney Channel's history. On March 15, 2013, \\\"\\\" premiered as a one-hour television special. \\\"Wizards\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13434148\",\n \"text\": \"to disappear, and then \\\"Magical\\\" is about casting a spell on a guy and this song, \\\"Magic\\\", ties into \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\"\\\". Although recorded for the episode, \\\"Make It Happen\\\" doesn't appear on the album, for an unknown reason. In response to the soundtrack, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic recognized \\\"Wizards\\\" for its \\\"teen revamps of boomer classics that parents can enjoy too\\\". He also stated that the album is \\\"agreeable\\\" and that Selena Gomez \\\"inevitably stands out from the pack\\\". However, Erlewine said: \\\"the dang-awful version of America's \\\"You Can Do Magic\\\" by Drew Seeley is\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7815778\",\n \"text\": \"on Deck With Hannah Montana\\\" which also includes characters from \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" (although the characters from \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" never interact). Miley Stewart Miley Ray Stewart is the fictional main character in the Disney Channel television series \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", portrayed by Miley Cyrus. She first appeared on television in the pilot episode \\\"Lilly, Do You Want to Know a Secret?\\\" on March 24, 2006, and made her final appearance on the series finale \\\"Wherever I Go\\\" on January 16, 2011. The character also appeared in the 2009 feature film \\\"\\\". Miley is a normal\",\n \"title\": \"Miley Stewart\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13046454\",\n \"text\": \"24. The song's music video has Gomez singing into a microphone with bright and flamboyant background, as well as including clips from \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\\\". \\\"Magic\\\" debuted at no. 61 in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 with 42,000 downloads. The film was released on DVD in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2009 as an \\\"Extended Edition\\\", which also came with a replica of the Stone of Dreams in a necklace. The film is in English, French and Spanish, and has subtitles in the same languages. The film was also released on DVD in Australia on\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651557\",\n \"text\": \"the finale is the current TV season's most-watched cable telecast among scripted programs. The show ended with Alex becoming the family wizard, Justin being declared new Headmaster of WizTech (also keeping his wizard powers), and Max getting to run the sub shop. On September 27, 2012, Disney Channel announced that \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" would return for an hour-long special, that began production on October 22, 2012, and ended production on November 10, 2012, for a premiere telecast on the cable channel in early 2013. The special, executive-produced by Selena Gomez, alongside series executive producers Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597421\",\n \"text\": \"after he tells her he likes her too much, they kiss. Alex promises she won't abandon him, but then runs off to help her brother. She comes back and they make up. Alex later reveals she doesn't like how badly Dean expresses his feelings. When wizard students stay at the Russos' due to Wiz Tech being closed down, Ronald Longcape Jr. begins to develop feelings for her. Alex feels guilty when she thinks she's falling in love with Ronald. Ronald gets rid of Dean and then transforms into him as to break up with Alex so he can be with\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10188362\",\n \"text\": \"that Channel 5 had entered into a strategic sponsorship with Disney to bring back \\\"Shake!\\\" . Under the new arrangement, Disney would sponsor the block and also provide some Disney Channel programming for the slot, such as Hannah Montana and Wizards of Waverly Place. \\\"Shake!\\\" returned with a new presenter, Jen Pringle. The revived \\\"Shake!\\\" launched on Sunday 4 October 2009 at 10am with \\\"Snobs\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" and \\\"The Tribe\\\". \\\"Snobs\\\" and \\\"The Tribe\\\" were previously screened during the earlier run of \\\"Shake!\\\". In 2010, \\\"Shake!\\\" was sponsored by Nickelodeon, returning with a revamped set and\",\n \"title\": \"Shake!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13046452\",\n \"text\": \"7th-most-watched program on multi-channel viewing for that week, and the second-highest views watched on Disney Channel UK. The \\\"What's What Edition\\\" of the film premiered on October 24, 2009 on Disney Channel, part of a \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" marathon. The \\\"What's What Edition\\\" featured exclusive behind-the-scenes information on the film during the presentation. In an interview with Disney Channel's commercial-segment, \\\"Disney 365\\\", Selena Gomez discussed her interpretations of the songs on the soundtrack saying: \\\"'Disappear' is more of a romantic song. It's basically talking about how a girl likes a guy and they [she] don't want him to disappear,\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16218521\",\n \"text\": \"impossible to select and cast the spell without getting caught. Patrolling enemies are even worse; if a kid gets anywhere near the observer's patrol area (which is always near the puzzle spot), they'll stop and stare at the kid. It is an added frustration that can, and does, force failure on players. \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound\\\" adopts a scaled-down, almost \\\"Chibi\\\" look for its characters, but still manages to retain the show's bright look. Even in scaled-down form, characters are easily recognizable, as are many of the show's locations such as the Loft and the sub shop. Sections of\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10341922\",\n \"text\": \"and Catherine Tate. Sulkin also played the role of JJ in the Disney Channel comedy, \\\"As the Bell Rings\\\", worked on a CBBC children sci-fi show \\\"The Sarah Jane Adventures\\\" (spin-off of \\\"Doctor Who\\\"), playing Adam in series 3 two-episode story \\\"The Mad Woman in the Attic\\\". Sulkin was part of Disney Channel's \\\"Pass the Plate\\\" as Gregg from the UK. He had a recurring guest role on the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", where he played Alex's love interest Mason Greyback he reprised his role in 4 episodes of season 3 and returned to the series in\",\n \"title\": \"Gregg Sulkin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2001989\",\n \"text\": \"Petey was to be played by Andy Milonakis replacing David Henrie who was already starring in Disney Channel's \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place. On July 24, 2008, it was announced that the animated series had been taken out of production after a pilot had failed to impress Fox executives. The Pitts The Pitts is an American sitcom that aired Sunday at 9:30 on Fox between March and April 2003. It is about a family and their bad luck. The show featured absurd, fantastical plots presented within the context of a seemingly normal family sitcom. It was cancelled after two months. The\",\n \"title\": \"The Pitts\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14630549\",\n \"text\": \"and Harper move into an apartment building with a secret 13th floor for wizards and other creatures in the wizard world. However, it turns out to be a trap made by Gorog to capture the wizards who live in the same floor to make them join the dark side and rule the wizard world. He is defeated and destroyed by Alex, Justin and Max who were using the Power of Three. During this, Alex and Mason get back together and, after a long time, Justin finally gets back together with Juliet. Finally, in the hour-long series finale, Alex, Justin, and\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13964257\",\n \"text\": \"title role. She also appeared as an extra in the 2010 film \\\"She's Out of My League\\\". Her first featured television appearance was in the 2011 episode \\\"Back to Max\\\", in the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", where she sang \\\"America the Beautiful\\\" to work off school detention. Evancho appeared in the feature film \\\"The Company You Keep\\\", a 2013 political thriller. She played Isabel, the eleven-year-old daughter of a widowed attorney turned fugitive, played by Robert Redford, who also directed the film. Jon Weisman wrote that Evancho \\\"showed she's more than a singing prodigy with her earnest\",\n \"title\": \"Jackie Evancho\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9197219\",\n \"text\": \"In \\\"Choices\\\" he plays a struggling taxi driver in San Francisco who finds himself in love with a lonely prostitute. \\\"Choices\\\" was released in India and enjoyed a limited release in the United States. He also played The Prince of Morocco in the Cal Shakespeare Company's \\\"The Merchant of Venice\\\". Much of Maharajh's work has included Raj Koothrappali's cousin and lawyer, Venkatesh in \\\"The Big Bang Theory\\\", \\\"The Office\\\", \\\"Outsourced (TV series)\\\", \\\"Scrubs\\\", \\\"30 Days\\\", \\\"Mind of Mencia\\\", \\\"Numb3rs\\\", \\\"Samantha Who?\\\", \\\"Private Practice\\\", \\\"Heroes\\\", \\\"Prison Break\\\", \\\"Tracey Ullman's State of the Union\\\", The Defenders, Wizards of Waverly Place, The Event,\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Maharajh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3893597\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Channel sitcom \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" as T.J. Taylor, a wizard who ignores the rules and uses magic the way he wants, often getting him into trouble. He was also in \\\"The Boondocks\\\" as the voice of Butch Magnus Milosevic in the episode Shinin'. He appeared in two episodes of \\\"The Batman\\\" first as Harris, a middle schooler then as Scorn, the sidekick of the villain Wrath. Both roles were opposite his brother, who played \\\"Robin\\\". He costarred in the 2009 film \\\"April Showers\\\", a movie written and directed by a survivor of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre.\",\n \"title\": \"Daryl Sabara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11045658\",\n \"text\": \"keep the fact that they are wizards a secret from most people outside of their immediate family. Alex's best friend is Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone), a mortal to whom Alex reveals that she and her family are wizards after a few seasons. Ultimately, Alex must eventually compete against her brothers to determine who will remain the Russo family's only wizard, as only one wizard is allowed per family. Outside of wizardry, Alex is interested in becoming an artist. At one point, Alex begins dating a werewolf named Mason. Alex debuts in the pilot episode of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Crazy\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Russo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13419011\",\n \"text\": \"first then to start their respective episodes series. In the UK, however, it is shown, even on the premier, as three individual episodes, with three individual title sequences. Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana is a trilogy of crossover episodes between three Disney Channel original sitcoms which premiered in the United States on July 17, 2009. The crossover spanned across episodes of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", and \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". Max, Justin and Alex Russo join regulars from \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" aboard the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", Cody Martin attempting\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13418997\",\n \"text\": \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana is a trilogy of crossover episodes between three Disney Channel original sitcoms which premiered in the United States on July 17, 2009. The crossover spanned across episodes of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", and \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". Max, Justin and Alex Russo join regulars from \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" aboard the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", Cody Martin attempting to retrieve tickets for a Hannah Montana concert in Hawaii, while Miley Stewart, en route to the concert on the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", loses her mother's lucky anklet –\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17163087\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex is a 2013 American made-for-television comedy-drama fantasy special episode based on the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". It was directed by Victor Gonzalez and filmed primarily in Disney Studios in October and November 2012. The full cast of the series starred in the special, with the exception of David Henrie, although the character was mentioned frequently. The film focuses on the Russo family, Harper, and Mason visiting Italy for a family reunion. The special premiered on March 15, 2013 on the Disney Channel in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11249164\",\n \"text\": \"portrayed the cousin of Alexa's character Ruby, whom he has a crush on, reasoning that it was because he never grew up with her. In February 2010, Butler landed a recurring role as Jones on the CW series \\\"Life Unexpected\\\", and that same month, he appeared in an episode of \\\"Wizards Of Waverly Place\\\" titled \\\"Positive Alex\\\" where he played Alex's new crush, George. In June of that year, Butler appeared in two consecutive \\\"Jonas\\\" episodes where he played Stone Stevens, and in December of that year, Butler's guest-starred on \\\"\\\" and \\\"The Defenders\\\". Also in 2010, Butler's \\\"Aliens in\",\n \"title\": \"Austin Butler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14863362\",\n \"text\": \"Kappa Alpha Theta sorority. Samuels held a recurring role as Gertrude \\\"Gigi\\\" Hollingsworth in \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" on Disney Channel. She also played the child celebrity Ashley Blake on the Drake and Josh episode \\\"Little Diva\\\". She then appeared in the films \\\"The Stepfather\\\" (2009) and \\\"Furry Vengeance\\\" (2010). She also starred in two series cancelled in their first season: the ABC series \\\"The Gates\\\" as Andie Bates and the ABC Family series \\\"The Nine Lives of Chloe King\\\", in which she played Chloe. Samuels next appeared in the recurring role of Bonnie Lipton in the of the FX\",\n \"title\": \"Skyler Samuels\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7988351\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Wise Wise's other television acting credits include \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"JAG\\\", \\\"Veronica's Closet\\\", \\\"Friends\\\", \\\"The Secret World of Alex Mack\\\", \\\"Suddenly Susan\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Invader Zim\\\" and among other series. He also provided the voice of Loud Howard on \\\"Dilbert: The Series\\\", played the football announcer in the 2001 film \\\"Not Another Teen Movie\\\", and played a resort guest in the 2002 Philip Seymour Hoffman tragicomedy \\\"Love Liza\\\". As a singer and composer, he wrote all the songs featured in the \\\"Even Stevens\\\" episode \\\"Influenza: The Musical\\\" and wrote the song \\\"Dream Vacation\\\" for \\\"The Even Stevens\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Wise\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14838044\",\n \"text\": \"it became the most watched pilot in Canada and on the Family network, also outpacing veteran series \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" with the ratings. Hotel heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song) and twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) are to attend a new semester in Seven Seas High School on the SS \\\"Tipton\\\", a cruise ship owned by Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles and played by Adam Tait in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in the special Suite Life On Deck episode \\\"Twister\\\"). (which was seen in\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Sets Sail\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651559\",\n \"text\": \"between good and evil atop the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The film is titled \\\"The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex\\\" and premiered on March 15, 2013. This series was created and as produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, \\\"Everything Is Not What It Seems\\\", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series was\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13419009\",\n \"text\": \"deflates it with his fingernail. In this episode Miley and Lilly appeared only as Hannah and Lola. The special was released on DVD on September 22, 2009. Bonus features include: The theme song to \\\"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\\\" is a remix of the three shows' opening sequences and theme songs in a format of a Rubik's Cube twisting and turning to the three shows' theme songs; it starts with \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", then \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", and followed by \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". It lasted for 1.03 minutes and appears during the show when changing to the\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12262388\",\n \"text\": \"is the winner. There are multiple variations of the Speed Round. Players finish the line of a well-known song or movie line. A variation of Finish That Line played in the Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie edition where the players have to guess the ending of a popular spell. A quote is read and the players have to guess which character said it. A character is given and the players have to guess how they are related to the main character. The players have to answer what place it is from The Suite Life On Deck. There has been\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Channel's 3 Minute Game Show\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14630550\",\n \"text\": \"Max compete in the family wizard competition. Alex wins and gains full wizardry; Justin becomes a full wizard as well when Professor Crumbs reveals he is retiring as headmaster of WizTech and passes the position to Justin. Jerry also decides to pass down the Waverly Sub Station to Max one day since he is the only child who is not a wizard anymore. The series ends with hugging and Alex saying that they are all happy. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Gregg Sulkin as Mason Greybeck, Ian Abercrombie as Professor Crumbs, David Barrera as Carlos Cucuy, Samantha Boscarino as\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7562125\",\n \"text\": \"as the alcoholic, divorced, single mother Meredith Palmer on the television comedy \\\"The Office\\\". Before \\\"The Office\\\", she made appearances on \\\"The Bernie Mac Show\\\", \\\"Boomtown\\\", \\\"Curb Your Enthusiasm\\\", and \\\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\\\" In 2008, Flannery was a talent scout on \\\"Last Comic Standing\\\" with her \\\"Office\\\" costar Brian Baumgartner, and she appeared with the cast of \\\"The Office\\\" on \\\"Celebrity Family Feud\\\". In 2010 she played Harper's mom on the Disney Channel's \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" as Elaine Finkle. Flannery also appeared as a judge in a 2009 episode of \\\"Iron Chef America\\\". She has also appeared on \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Kate Flannery\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15114380\",\n \"text\": \"of Waverly Place\\\". They also co-wrote the made-for-TV film \\\"\\\" starring Brenda Song. In 2009, they won a Primetime Emmy for their work on \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". Cheung is of Chinese descent and Montanio is of Mexican descent. Because of their different ethnic backgrounds, the name of their production company is Rice and Beans Productions. Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio are an American television writing and producing team. Cheung and Montiano first worked together at ITC Productions, where Cheung was a development executive and Montanio worked in production. After doing script rewrites for number\",\n \"title\": \"Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6541699\",\n \"text\": \"Ian Abercrombie Ian Abercrombie (11 September 1934 – 26 January 2012) was an English actor. He played Alfred Pennyworth on \\\"Birds of Prey\\\", Justin Pitt (Elaine Benes's boss) during the sixth season of \\\"Seinfeld\\\", Rupert Cavanaugh (Ian Hainsworth's butler) on \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\", Professor Crumbs on \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", and Palpatine on \\\"\\\". Abercrombie was born on 11 September 1934 in Grays, Essex, England. He began his theatrical career during the Blitz in World War II. After his footwork years during which he earned Bronze, Silver and Gold medals in stage dancing, he performed in London, Scotland, Ireland, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Ian Abercrombie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8114370\",\n \"text\": \"Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", \\\"Everybody Hates Chris\\\" and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". He had a recurring role as Rico on \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", and became a series regular in the show's second season. In 2009, he played Andre in the Disney Channel Original Movie \\\"Dadnapped\\\". As a regular on the Disney Channel, he participated on the first and second Disney Channel Games on the red team. He also participated in the third Disney Channel games on the Yellow Team (Comets). His main role while at Disney was as Rico Suave in 'Hannah Montana'. He appeared in music videos for\",\n \"title\": \"Moisés Arias\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12392701\",\n \"text\": \"record deal. Shortly after, she started auditioning and received a minor role on \\\"Drake & Josh\\\" and other guest roles on shows such as \\\"Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide\\\", \\\"The O.C.\\\", \\\"Private Practice\\\" and \\\"Ruby & the Rockits\\\". She appeared in two episodes on both television shows \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" as Miranda Hampson and \\\"How I Met Your Mother\\\" as Katie Scherbatsky. In 2007, Hale appeared in NBC's short-lived series \\\"Bionic Woman\\\", a re-imagining from the 1976 series of the same name. Hale plays Becca Sommers, the younger sister of the title character Jaime Sommers (played by Michelle Ryan).\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy Hale\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14630548\",\n \"text\": \"reveal to Zeke that they are wizards. In \\\"Wizard of the Year\\\", Alex is crowned Wizard of the Year for saving the world from the angels of darkness, and is reinstated in the Wizards Competition. In \\\"Justin's Back In\\\", Justin is reinstated in the Wizard Competition, after his class of delinquent wizards passes. Meanwhile, Alex's relationship with Mason is jeopardized again when a beast tamer, Chase Riprock, falls in love with Alex and Mason gets jealous. This results in Alex breaking up with Mason. Alex, Justin and Max then save the world from being destroyed by an asteroid. Later, Alex\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651561\",\n \"text\": \"premiere of \\\"Twitches Too\\\", gathering 5.9 million viewers. In January 2010, \\\"Wizards vs. Werewolves\\\" one-hour special episode became the series' most-watched (non-crossover) episode with 6.2 million viewers, surpassing the 6 million viewers of \\\"Paint By Committee\\\" episode The series' most watched episode, including crossovers, was \\\"Cast-Away (To Another Show)\\\" episode, which was included in the special trilogy of crossover episodes between three Disney Channel original sitcoms, \\\"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\\\". The broadcast was watched by 10.6 million viewers. In 2009, the series was the top scripted telecast for teens between the age of 9–14 (1.63 million/6.7 rating) and\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6243159\",\n \"text\": \"Cody Martin Cody Martin (played by Cole Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its sequel/spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Cody also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", \\\"I'm in the Band\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\" and the special, \\\"\\\". Dylan Sprouse stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something he and his brother came up with when they were shooting \\\"Big Daddy\\\" and stayed in a hotel for\",\n \"title\": \"Cody Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3557558\",\n \"text\": \"and commercials. She acted in her first Hollywood film in 2004's \\\"13 Going on 30\\\", playing the younger Jenna Rink, Jennifer Garner's character. She also played the teenage Jenny, another Jennifer Garner character, in \\\"Ghosts of Girlfriends Past\\\". Her other film credits include \\\"A Merry Little Christmas\\\", \\\"Youth in Revolt\\\", \\\"One Wish\\\", \\\"One Kine Day\\\" and \\\"Detention of the Dead\\\". Allen has guest starred in many television series, including \\\"Medium\\\", \\\"Cory in the House\\\", \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", \\\"ER\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and \\\"Cold Case\\\". Allen starred as the title character in the CBS Saturday\",\n \"title\": \"Christa B. Allen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11814802\",\n \"text\": \"Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \\\"The Legend of Buddha\\\", later starring in the films \\\"Alice Upside Down\\\" (2007), \\\"The Clique\\\" (2008) and \\\"Labor Pains\\\" (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\", which ran from April 2010 to February 2014. Mendler also starred in\",\n \"title\": \"Bridgit Mendler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597438\",\n \"text\": \"joining the revolution to freeze Stevie and transport her powers to her brother, Warren. Max then destroys Stevie by accident. Alex has romance going off and on in this season. Max falls for his first girlfriend. The season finale has the family kidnapped by government agents for being wizards. Tricked into believing an alien invasion is coming, Justin tells the agents magic exists, leading to most wizards being captured. The Russos manage to escape with Alex declaring they need to tell the world the truth to save the wizard world. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Bill Chott as Mr.\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10577147\",\n \"text\": \"guest star in the television series \\\"Cracking Up\\\", \\\"Listen Up!\\\", the pilot episode of \\\"Summerland\\\" and the 2004 direct-to-video film \\\"Arizona Summer\\\". In 2007, Kane starred in her first theatrical film role as Meredith Baxter Dimly, in the film \\\"Bratz\\\", playing the film's antagonist. She also performed two of the songs on . In 2008, she starred in the original movie, \\\"Minutemen\\\", as Stephanie Jameson. She also appeared in one episode of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" (the episode, \\\"The Supernatural\\\") and she starred in the Disney Channel original film \\\"Starstruck\\\" (2010). She played the role of Stella Malone, the stylist\",\n \"title\": \"Chelsea Kane\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8114371\",\n \"text\": \"Pearl Jam, and the Jonas Brothers video for their song \\\"SOS\\\", and Parmalee, and the 2006 film \\\"Nacho Libre\\\" in a minor role. He participated in the Guadalajara Film Festival (2009) during the presentation of the movie \\\"The Perfect Game\\\" with Eva Longoria. Arias appeared in \\\"Beethoven's Big Break\\\" in 2008. He appeared on the ESPN family of networks as a roving 'sideline' reporter conducting interviews with fans and players at the 2009 Little League World Series. He appeared in \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and played Max (Jake T. Austin)'s conscience. Arias and his brother directed a series of YouTube\",\n \"title\": \"Moisés Arias\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6914243\",\n \"text\": \"he starred for two years with Jack Warden in the CBS series \\\"Crazy Like a Fox\\\". He has played recurring parts on \\\"The Fosters\\\", \\\"The Mentalist\\\", \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\", \\\"Parenthood\\\", \\\"No Ordinary Family\\\", \\\"Greek\\\", \\\"The Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Dirty Sexy Money\\\", \\\"Day Break\\\", \\\"The Practice\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Young and the Restless\\\", and \\\"Barbershop\\\". In 1987, Rubinstein made his directorial debut at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, staging Aphra Behn's \\\"The Rover\\\", with Christopher Reeve and Kate Burton; the following season he directed the first American-cast production of Christopher Hampton's \\\"Les Liaisons Dangereuses\\\". Off-Broadway, he directed the New York premieres of \\\"Phantasie\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"John Rubinstein\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11814849\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hello My Name Is...\\\", Mendler offered exclusive album promotions through Target. In 2014 she signed with the line of dermatology products Clean & Clear and recorded several commercials and campaigns for real beauty. Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \\\"The Legend of Buddha\\\", later starring in the films \\\"Alice Upside Down\\\" (2007), \\\"The Clique\\\" (2008) and \\\"Labor Pains\\\" (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Bridgit Mendler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9740360\",\n \"text\": \"their own lemonade stands. Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \\\"Bridge to Terabithia\\\" (2007), Isabelle in \\\"Brothers\\\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \\\"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\\\" (2010), Maggie in \\\"Just Go with It\\\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \\\"Parental Guidance\\\" (2012), and Kinsey in \\\"\\\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and young Snow White in \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \\\"The Fosters\\\". In 2015, she began starring\",\n \"title\": \"Bailee Madison\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9740351\",\n \"text\": \"Bailee Madison Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. In film, she played May Belle Aarons in \\\"Bridge to Terabithia\\\" (2007), Isabelle in \\\"Brothers\\\" (2009), Sally Hurst in \\\"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\\\" (2010), Maggie in \\\"Just Go with It\\\" (2011), Harper Simmons in \\\"Parental Guidance\\\" (2012), and Kinsey in \\\"\\\" (2018). On television, she made guest appearances as Maxine Russo in \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and young Snow White in \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\". She also has a recurring role as Sophia Quinn in \\\"The Fosters\\\". In 2015, she began starring as Grace Russell in\",\n \"title\": \"Bailee Madison\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6541704\",\n \"text\": \"Los Angeles, California on 26 January 2012, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, twenty days after the \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" finale, from kidney failure. He was 77. \\\"Star Wars\\\" Celebration VI included the panel \\\"Vocal Stars of \\\"The Clone Wars\\\"\\\", hosted by James Arnold Taylor and featuring cast members Matt Lanter, Ashley Eckstein, Dee Bradley Baker and Tom Kane. The cast dedicated the panel to Abercrombie. Additionally, \\\"The Clone Wars\\\" episode \\\"The Lawless\\\" includes a dedication to Abercrombie in the opening titles. Ian Abercrombie Ian Abercrombie (11 September 1934 – 26 January 2012) was an English actor. He played Alfred Pennyworth\",\n \"title\": \"Ian Abercrombie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14630545\",\n \"text\": \"the series features a revamped opening sequence with clips from past seasons. The opening sequence takes place in the wizard lair at the Russo home. Footage of Alex (Selena Gomez) and Justin Russo (David Henrie) is shown in the Crystal replay ball from the season premiere \\\"Alex Tells the World\\\". Then, a spell book opens and footage of Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) and Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone) appear. After that, footage of Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera) and Jerry Russo (David DeLuise) are shown in a cauldron. After the footage is played, Alex transports them to Times Square, with Alex\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17779586\",\n \"text\": \"combine them into a single personality, they try to escape. Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its sequel/spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", \\\"I'm in the Band\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\" and the special, \\\"\\\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \\\"Big\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17779576\",\n \"text\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\" and its sequel/spin-off \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", \\\"I'm in the Band\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\" and the special, \\\"\\\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \\\"Big Daddy\\\" and staying in a hotel for four months. Sprouse\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12133745\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Danny Phantom\\\" as Danny Fenton/Phantom's high school crush, Paulina. She also performed the voice of Mercedes \\\"Meche\\\" Colomar in the 1998 video game \\\"Grim Fandango\\\". Canals-Barrera also played incidental characters in two episodes on the TV series \\\"The Boondocks\\\" (\\\"Grandad's Fight\\\" and \\\"Home Alone\\\"). From 2007 to 2012, Canals-Barrera co-starred as Theresa Russo, the mother of lead character, in the Disney Channel family sitcom, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". She also co-starred in \\\"\\\", a 2009 Disney Channel Original movie based on series. Canals-Barrera also appeared in the Disney Channel Original Movies \\\"Camp Rock\\\" (2008) and \\\"\\\" (2010), alongside Demi Lovato\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Canals-Barrera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2738321\",\n \"text\": \"game \\\"\\\", a version of this song titled \\\"Home on the Wastes\\\" appears, with the lyrics referring to a nice, radiation-free place to live. In the altered lyrics, the original animals mentioned in the older versions, such as buffalo, deer, antelope, and prairie dogs, are replaced with bighorners, mole rats, fire geckos, and radscorpions. The song is also used in Wizards of Waverly Place, sung by the character Maxine in episode \\\"Back to max\\\", The Wild Kratts episode “Prairie Who” parodies the Song as “Home On The Prairie” which is sung by Chris, Martin, Aviva, Koki, And Jimmy. Home on\",\n \"title\": \"Home on the Range\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6931463\",\n \"text\": \"2009 and served as the third and final installment of the \\\"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\\\" crossover episode; the first was considered an episode of the second season of \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", while the second was produced as an installment of the first season of \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\". Furthermore, the season was interrupted with the premiere of \\\"Hannah Montana: The Movie\\\", which was released on April 10, 2009. The fourth and final season of \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" was renamed \\\"Hannah Montana Forever\\\", and premiered on July 11, 2010. After broadcasting 13 episodes that season, and 98 episodes\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah Montana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6304942\",\n \"text\": \"several Young Artist Award nominations. When \\\"Unfabulous\\\" ended in 2007, Jow co-starred in the animated film \\\"Bratz: The Movie\\\" as Quinn and has guest-starred on the shows \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"The Young and the Restless\\\", \\\"iCarly\\\", \\\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\\\" and the Disney show \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" and co-starred in the 2009 science fiction comedy \\\"Aliens in the Attic\\\". In 2010, Jow appeared in the first season of The CW fantasy drama \\\"The Vampire Diaries\\\". She played Anna, a vampire. Jow briefly re-appeared in the third season. That same year, Jow co-starred in the fantasy romance film\",\n \"title\": \"Malese Jow\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11538917\",\n \"text\": \"first SS \\\"Tipton\\\" as a gift for Captain Lansferd. The show's theme song, \\\"Livin' the Suite Life,\\\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the themes for fellow Disney Channel series \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", \\\"Phil of the Future\\\", and \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", as well as the theme for the ABC Kids series \\\"\\\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, some of which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by British singer Steve Rushton (who is\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2983344\",\n \"text\": \"Hotel (the main setting of \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\"); Hannah Montana/Miley Stewart (Miley Cyrus) also eats cake off Zack, which recurs in the 2009 crossover \\\"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\\\", in which characters from \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" come on aboard the S.S. Tipton. In 2015 a crossover between two Disney XD shows \\\"\\\" and \\\"Mighty Med\\\" crossed over in the special \\\"Lab Rats vs. Mighty Med\\\". Another type of crossover involves characters from an off the air series resurfacing in a newer series. This occurred in a 2010 episode of the Nickelodeon\",\n \"title\": \"Crossover (fiction)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11814809\",\n \"text\": \"She had a supporting role in the film \\\"\\\". In 2009, Mendler became a recurring character in the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". Mendler portrayed the role of Juliet Van Heusen, a vampire who later forms a romance with David Henrie's character Justin Russo. This lasts till the series finale. Mendler would go on to appear in eleven episodes total for the series, spanning from 2009 to 2012 when the series ended. In 2010, Mendler became the star of the Disney Channel Original Series \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\", centering on a teenage girl who makes videos for her baby\",\n \"title\": \"Bridgit Mendler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11538925\",\n \"text\": \"age of 6–11. In addition, the series is #1 in total viewers on all cable, outperforming #2 rank (Fox News and Nickelodeon) by 800,000 more viewers. As of August 2009, the highest rated episode of \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" was \\\"Double-Crossed,\\\" the second part of \\\"Wizards On Deck with Hannah Montana\\\", a trilogy of crossover episodes featuring guest stars from \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" which premiered on July 17, 2009 on Disney Channel. The special was viewed by more than 10.6 million viewers, program of the night across both cable and broadcast television, and ranks as\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life on Deck\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12764924\",\n \"text\": \"who cast her as Jazmine Payne in the television series \\\"Tyler Perry's House of Payne\\\". She appears in the movie \\\"Daddy's Little Girls\\\" with her sisters, Sierra and Lauryn, who are also actresses and play her older sisters in the film. McClain appeared in and guest starred in various other shows and movies such as \\\"Hannah Montana\\\" with Sierra McCormick, \\\"NCIS\\\" and the 2009 film \\\"Hurricane Season\\\". Jonas, was also a Disney Channel shows she was on. She also appeared in the movie \\\"Grown Ups\\\", as Charlotte McKenzie. McClain appeared on the Disney Channel series \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"China Anne McClain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5643988\",\n \"text\": \"18-year-old-daughter of Dr. Mark Sloan on the medical-drama, \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" (2005–present). Rambin briefly returned to \\\"All My Children\\\" as Lily Montgomery on January 5, 2010 for the show's 40th Anniversary. Rambin was cast as the daughter of Virginia Madsen and David James Elliott on the ABC television series, \\\"Scoundrels\\\" (2010). However, the series ended its eight-episode run on August 15, 2010, due to low ratings. Rambin appeared on the Disney Channel show, \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" (2007–12), in the recurring role of Rosie, who is a Guardian Angel turned Angel of Darkness who was in love with Justin to steal\",\n \"title\": \"Leven Rambin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4828021\",\n \"text\": \"the Cluck Bucket, an aptitude company, and the restaurant where Wayne \\\"dates\\\" London. There are even two episodes that take place in Hollywood, which includes a movie studio, LAX, a beach, Sunset Blvd, Hollywood Blvd, and the Tipton Los Angeles. The show's theme song, \\\"Here I Am,\\\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's spinoff \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", as well as for fellow Disney Channel series \\\"Phil of the Future\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\", \\\"Shake It Up\\\", \\\"Sonny with a Chance\\\", \\\"Jonas\\\", \\\"So Random!\\\", \\\"A.N.T. Farm\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9651564\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic recognized \\\"Wizards\\\" for its \\\"teen revamps of boomer classics that parents can enjoy too\\\". He also stated that the album is \\\"agreeable\\\" and that Selena Gomez \\\"inevitably stands out from the pack\\\". However, Erlewine said: \\\"the dang-awful version of America's \\\"You Can Do Magic\\\" by Drew Seeley is sunk by its hyper-claustrophobic rhythms, the biggest rearrangement of a tune here and easily the worst cut.\\\" A video game based on the series was released in August 2009. The show's complete first season was released on September 10, 2009 in Germany, on October 1, 2009 in\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13419010\",\n \"text\": \"different episodes. The 1:03 minute theme song is not on the DVD sale of the Canadian region (separated into 3 different shows, broadcast with own theme songs). Subsequent rebroadcasts of all three episodes feature each show's respective opening sequences for the individual episodes, as well as the closing credits for \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\" and \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\" for the episodes of those two series that were part of the crossover, that were not included in the original broadcast and initial repeats. This is Disney Channel's first crossover to have an opening sequence and theme song to show\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14597406\",\n \"text\": \"four friends walk to school. Throughout the sequence, the furniture in the background seems to be moving around. The show debuted on Disney Channel on October 12, 2007 after the premiere of \\\"Twitches Too\\\", gathering 5.9 million viewers. In February 2009, the episode \\\"Helping Hand\\\" broke the record for the largest audience in the 7:00 PM (Eastern Time) time period on the Disney Channel, with a total of 4.5 million viewers. In January 2010, \\\"Wizards vs. Werewolves\\\" one-hour special episode became the series' most-watched episode with 6.2 million viewers, surpassing the 6 million viewers of \\\"Paint By Committee\\\" episode In\",\n \"title\": \"Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8323709\",\n \"text\": \"debut in television film \\\"The Gunfighters\\\". He also starred in the 1990 film \\\"Quest for the Mighty Sword,\\\" replacing previous lead actor Miles O'Keeffe. He played Thor in NBC's television film \\\"The Incredible Hulk Returns\\\" and a Russian baseball player in the television movie \\\"The Comrades of Summer\\\". Among Kramer's more notable roles have been Little John in \\\"\\\", Bear in \\\"American Wedding\\\", and Boris, bodyguard to producer Lee Donowitz, in \\\"True Romance\\\". He has also appeared in a number of notable television series, including \\\"Two and a Half Men\\\", \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\", \\\"Growing Pains\\\", \\\"Cheers\\\", \\\"Empty Nest\\\", \\\"Blossom\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Eric Allan Kramer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8093300\",\n \"text\": \"Chad Broskey Chad Broskey (born July 3, 1987) is a former American actor. He has played in two movies, Legally Blondes (2009), and Read It and Weep (2006). Chad went to the Youth Performing Arts School in Louisville, Kentucky. He appeared as Gavin in an episode for \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\". He also co-starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie \\\"Read It and Weep\\\" opposite Kay Panabaker as Marco Vega and appeared in the Scrubs episode \\\"Their Story\\\" as The Todd's fantasy son Rod. Recently, Chad appeared in an episode of Wizards of Waverly Place as one\",\n \"title\": \"Chad Broskey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5200579\",\n \"text\": \"2010, he had a recurring role in the television drama \\\"Lost,\\\" appearing as Dr. Arzt in nine episodes. Roebuck is a regular player in films by Rob Zombie, starting with \\\"The Devil's Rejects\\\" (2005), as Morris Green. He has been a writer and producer for the \\\"Monsterama\\\" series, appearing in some of the episodes. Roebuck also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie \\\"Quints\\\" (2000), as well as the Nickelodeon original film, \\\"Shredderman Rules\\\" (2007). In the series \\\"Sonny with a Chance\\\", he played Mr. Condor. He guest starred in Disney's \\\"Wizards of Waverly Place\\\". In 2009, Roebuck guest starred\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Roebuck\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":96,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"98"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who sings i just died in your arms"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Cutting Crew"],"string":"[\n \"Cutting Crew\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"7997305","text":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" is a song by the English rock band Cutting Crew. The song was released as the lead single from their debut studio album, \"Broadcast\" (1986). It was first released on 25 July 1986 in the United Kingdom, and then released to the United States on 1 January 1987. The song was written by frontman Nick Van Eede, produced by Terry Brown, John Jansen and the band, and mixed at Utopia Studios in London by Tim Palmer. The power ballad was the band's biggest hit, peaking at number-one in","title":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms"},{"docid":"7997309","text":"played briefly during DC's Legend of Tomorrow in the episode Compromised. a Spider-Man collected edition graphic novel is named \"Spider-Man: Died in Your Arms Tonight\" (and it collects \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" (1998- 2nd Series) #600-601, Annual #36 and material from \"Amazing Spider-Man Family\" (2008) #7, 200 pages, November 2009, ) (I Just) Died in Your Arms \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" is a song by the English rock band Cutting Crew. The song was released as the lead single from their debut studio album, \"Broadcast\" (1986). It was first released on 25 July 1986 in the United Kingdom, and","title":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms"},{"docid":"7997305","text":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" is a song by the English rock band Cutting Crew. The song was released as the lead single from their debut studio album, \"Broadcast\" (1986). It was first released on 25 July 1986 in the United Kingdom, and then released to the United States on 1 January 1987. The song was written by frontman Nick Van Eede, produced by Terry Brown, John Jansen and the band, and mixed at Utopia Studios in London by Tim Palmer. The power ballad was the band's biggest hit, peaking at number-one in","title":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms"},{"docid":"14266265","text":"three additional songs are \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\", a rendition of the famous Cutting Crew song, \"Heaven's Sake\" and \"Awake\", the final track from their \"Dommin E.P.\" (2009). \"(I Just) Died In Your Arms\" features a collaboration with Tomo Miličević from Thirty Seconds to Mars, who contributed lead guitars to the track. The special edition was made available in a digital download format only. Upon release, \"Love Is Gone\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Chris Colgan from PopMatters felt that the album features a number of aspects that make Dommin \"stand out from the pack\", including","title":"Love Is Gone (album)"},{"docid":"9649720","text":"home wrote this song in twenty minutes. It uses the melody from \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms Tonight\" by the Cutting Crew. The song is an upbeat pop track with a disco-like bassline and a funky guitar riff in the background on the choruses, where he sings: \"It's as if I'm scared/It's as if I'm terrified/It's as if I scared/It's as if I'm playing with fire\". It is set in the key of F minor. The song received positive reviews from music critics. Beth Johnson from \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote that the song is \"a Bee Gees-ish shout-out to Frankie","title":"Relax, Take It Easy"},{"docid":"12139850","text":"Nick Van Eede Nick Van Eede (born Nicholas Eede, 14 June 1958) is an English musician, producer and songwriter. He is best known for singing and writing the 1986 U.S. #1 power ballad, \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" for his band Cutting Crew. While working as a hospital orderly in the late 1970s, Van Eede was discovered playing by ex member of The Animals, Chas Chandler, who sent him on a tour of Poland as support for Slade. Van Eede was only 18 when sent on the road. He recalls, \"I went with a kazoo and an acoustic guitar","title":"Nick Van Eede"},{"docid":"10837702","text":"Support. During their set they were joined on stage by former Radio One DJ Mike Read, who performed the Cliff Richard hit \"The Young Ones\" with the group. In March 2014 they performed a special 10th Anniversary concert at The Bedford music venue in London. They were joined on stage by Tony Moore of the Cutting Crew who performed his group's million-selling hit \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms Tonight\" with MP4. On 18 June 2014, at a band performance they were awarded a commemorative disc by the British music industry in recognition of their charitable fund raising, having raised","title":"MP4 (band)"},{"docid":"12139860","text":"Van Eede married Nikki McFarlane in June 1996. He has a daughter, Lauren (born 13 May 1986). Nick Van Eede Nick Van Eede (born Nicholas Eede, 14 June 1958) is an English musician, producer and songwriter. He is best known for singing and writing the 1986 U.S. #1 power ballad, \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" for his band Cutting Crew. While working as a hospital orderly in the late 1970s, Van Eede was discovered playing by ex member of The Animals, Chas Chandler, who sent him on a tour of Poland as support for Slade. Van Eede was only","title":"Nick Van Eede"},{"docid":"8122027","text":"December 2011, they entered the \"Guinness World Records\" for most live shows during a single album cycle, with 300 shows. Miličević collaborated with American band Dommin on a rendition of Cutting Crew's song \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\", which was released on a special edition of Dommin's album \"Love Is Gone\" (2010). He began producing American singer Ivy Levan in 2012. After signing to Cherrytree Records, Levan released the EP \"Introducing the Dame\" (2013), which features a collaboration with Miličević, who wrote and produced a number of tracks. Thirty Seconds to Mars released their fourth album, \"Love, Lust, Faith","title":"Tomo Miličević"},{"docid":"3814880","text":"Cutting Crew Cutting Crew are an English rock band formed in London in 1985. They are best remembered for their debut album \"Broadcast\" and hit singles, \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\", \"I've Been in Love Before\", \"One for the Mockingbird\", and \"Everything But My Pride\". While still in his teens, Nick Van Eede (born Nicholas Eede) recorded a few UK solo singles in the late 1970s, and later was in the band The Drivers, which found success in Canada, particularly with their 1982 single \"Tears On Your Anorak\". While touring Canada, The Drivers had a support band called Fast","title":"Cutting Crew"},{"docid":"2207210","text":"back several generations. Donovan's fifth studio album, \"Soundtrack Of The 80s\", was released in October 2010. The album is composed of cover versions of well known 1980s hits such as \"Drive\" (The Cars), \"I Just Died In Your Arms\" (Cutting Crew) and \"Sign Your Name\" (Terence Trent D'Arby) and several others. The same year, Donovan played the role of The Artilleryman in the 2010–2011 stage show \"Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds\". The show toured the UK and Europe, starting in November 2010 and finished in Germany in January 2011. Donovan also voiced the part of","title":"Jason Donovan"},{"docid":"10688900","text":"Kevin MacMichael Kevin Scott Macmichael (7 November 1951 – 31 December 2002) was a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for being a member of the 1980s UK-based pop-rock band, Cutting Crew, who had a number-one hit in 1987 with \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\". Cutting Crew was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1987. Macmichael was born in Saint John, New Brunswick and raised in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Kevin got his first guitar in 1963 along with friend Sandy Bryson. They were Beatles fans from the very beginning, learned to play many","title":"Kevin MacMichael"},{"docid":"5656778","text":"called England. In the early 1980s, he formed his own group called Radio Java and made an album at Abbey Road Studios that spawned a number-one hit single in the Netherlands before disbanding after the label closed down. In 1986, Moore was invited to play live keyboards with a new band called Cutting Crew who went on to have a worldwide hit with \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\". For two more years he toured the world and recorded with the band, at which point he signed a solo deal with a small independent label in London. He released one","title":"Tony Moore (musician)"},{"docid":"10688904","text":"brother, sister, and two daughters. Macmichael's remains were cremated and his ashes are given to his family members and friends. Kevin MacMichael Kevin Scott Macmichael (7 November 1951 – 31 December 2002) was a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for being a member of the 1980s UK-based pop-rock band, Cutting Crew, who had a number-one hit in 1987 with \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\". Cutting Crew was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1987. Macmichael was born in Saint John, New Brunswick and raised in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Kevin got his first","title":"Kevin MacMichael"},{"docid":"2898844","text":"\"Baker Street\" by Gerry Rafferty, \"In The Army Now\" by Status Quo, \"Too Shy\" by Kajagoogoo, \"I Should Have Known Better\" by Jim Diamond, \"Perfect\" by Fairground Attraction, \"I Just Died In Your Arms Tonight\" by Cutting Crew and \"Bye Bye Baby\" by the Bay City Rollers were all recorded here. Jeff Beck, Barbara Dickson, Duran Duran, Marianne Faithfull, Alison Moyet, Nektar, Radiohead, The Supernaturals, Wet Wet Wet, XTC, Mark Owen and Chris Rea were also clients. Chipping Norton Castle was a timber Norman motte and bailey castle which stood to the north west of the town. Very little of","title":"Chipping Norton"},{"docid":"16236660","text":"\"Too Shy\" by Kajagoogoo, \"I Should Have Known Better\" by Jim Diamond, \"Promise Me\" by Beverley Craven, \"Creep\" by Radiohead, \"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)\" by The Proclaimers, \"Perfect\" by Fairground Attraction, \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" by Cutting Crew, \"Eighteen With A Bullet\" by Pete Wingfield, \"Hocus Pocus\" by Focus and \"Bye, Bye, Baby (Baby Goodbye)\" by the Bay City Rollers. Dexys Midnight Runners, Duran Duran, Marianne Faithfull, Wet Wet Wet, Jeff Beck, XTC, Barbara Dickson, Alison Moyet, The Supernaturals, The Long Ryders, Mark Owen, Freddie King, Level 42, Therapy?, Richard & Linda Thompson, Judas Priest and Chris","title":"Chipping Norton Recording Studios"},{"docid":"10717940","text":"Cure, Cutting Crew, Porcupine Tree, Faith Hill, Goo Goo Dolls, LIVE, Kandace Springs, Sweet Water, Lang Lang, Switchfoot, Lizz Wright, Billy Childs, Goldfinger, J.D. Souther, Steve Grand, Pitty and Orlando Draven. Palmer started his career in London. In the early 1980s, Palmer was an assistant engineer at Utopia Studios in London where he worked with musicians such as Mark Knopfler and Dead or Alive. By age 21, he had his first number one single, mixing \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" (1986) for Cutting Crew. In the latter half of the 80s, Palmer became a producer, and his ears and","title":"Tim Palmer"},{"docid":"16663637","text":"eliminated from the competition in the public vote after this performance. On 16 November 2012, Lakyn released his first EP \"Better Than That\" through Universal Music Australia. The EP contains four self-penned songs as well as an acoustic cover of \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" by Cutting Crew. The EP received positive reviews from critics with The AU Review saying \"\"Better Than That\" is a strong EP, with a maturity and depth in the music that's not easy to find in an artist.\" On 20 January 2013, Lakyn debuted his first music video, for the track \"Don't Tell Me\"","title":"Lakyn Heperi"},{"docid":"14005387","text":"hit \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" by Cutting Crew. The song was Wells' first release mastered for iTunes. An 1980s-inspired lyric video for the song was also released on Vevo In December 2008 Wells became part of photographer Adam Bouska's NOH8 Campaign in response to California Proposition 8 (2008) making him one of the first pop artists to join the campaign. Wells was selected as one of 30 acts to perform in the music showcase \"Pure Pop 2009\" at Webster Hall. The performance on November 14, 2009 was Wells' first live show. Jack Chambers (2008 season winner of \"So","title":"Killian Wells"},{"docid":"5623644","text":"year, he recorded \"Only You\", a slow disco number which has also become significantly popular. His first album, \"Tonight\" was commercially successful and preceded singles like \"Radio\", \"Time\", \"A Love Again\", \"Celebrate\", and \"Love Is Death\". In 1989, he recorded \"I Just Died In Your Arms\" (a Hi-NRG remake of the Cutting Crew song), as well as a greatest hits album. In 1994, he released another album, \"Strangelove\", containing a number of remixes of his older songs and four mixes of the song \"Strangelove\" (originally by Depeche Mode). The last single which was released by Savage was \"Don't You Want","title":"Roberto Zanetti"},{"docid":"934574","text":"In 1986, Virgin Records opened up another American division, Virgin Records America. Its first release was the debut album by Cutting Crew which included the hit single \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\". Other Virgin America signings included Camper Van Beethoven, Bob Mould, Warren Zevon, Paula Abdul, T'pau, Ziggy Marley & The Melody Makers, Redhead Kingpin & The F.B.I., Neneh Cherry, Steve Winwood and Hindsight. Virgin Records America's releases were distributed through WEA again by Atlantic Records until 1992. Virgin Records America was founded by the executive team of Jordan Harris, Jeff Ayeroff and Phil Quartararo. Another American company called","title":"Virgin Records"},{"docid":"16809979","text":"of signing with PolyGram, the band was given a schedule to record its first album, \"M is for Millions\". The label assigned Canadian producer Terry Brown, best known for producing albums by progressive rock band Rush as well as \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\", the biggest hit from British pop band Cutting Crew. The band would eventually feel that Brown had been a bad fit. The album's lead single, \"Sometimes,\" performed well on the CMJ charts, but the band immediately felt frustrations with their label. Fans would express their inability to find copies of the album at retailers. Dingman","title":"The Millions (band)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"7997305\",\n \"text\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" is a song by the English rock band Cutting Crew. The song was released as the lead single from their debut studio album, \\\"Broadcast\\\" (1986). It was first released on 25 July 1986 in the United Kingdom, and then released to the United States on 1 January 1987. The song was written by frontman Nick Van Eede, produced by Terry Brown, John Jansen and the band, and mixed at Utopia Studios in London by Tim Palmer. The power ballad was the band's biggest hit, peaking at number-one in\",\n \"title\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7997309\",\n \"text\": \"played briefly during DC's Legend of Tomorrow in the episode Compromised. a Spider-Man collected edition graphic novel is named \\\"Spider-Man: Died in Your Arms Tonight\\\" (and it collects \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man\\\" (1998- 2nd Series) #600-601, Annual #36 and material from \\\"Amazing Spider-Man Family\\\" (2008) #7, 200 pages, November 2009, ) (I Just) Died in Your Arms \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" is a song by the English rock band Cutting Crew. The song was released as the lead single from their debut studio album, \\\"Broadcast\\\" (1986). It was first released on 25 July 1986 in the United Kingdom, and\",\n \"title\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7997305\",\n \"text\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" is a song by the English rock band Cutting Crew. The song was released as the lead single from their debut studio album, \\\"Broadcast\\\" (1986). It was first released on 25 July 1986 in the United Kingdom, and then released to the United States on 1 January 1987. The song was written by frontman Nick Van Eede, produced by Terry Brown, John Jansen and the band, and mixed at Utopia Studios in London by Tim Palmer. The power ballad was the band's biggest hit, peaking at number-one in\",\n \"title\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14266265\",\n \"text\": \"three additional songs are \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\", a rendition of the famous Cutting Crew song, \\\"Heaven's Sake\\\" and \\\"Awake\\\", the final track from their \\\"Dommin E.P.\\\" (2009). \\\"(I Just) Died In Your Arms\\\" features a collaboration with Tomo Miličević from Thirty Seconds to Mars, who contributed lead guitars to the track. The special edition was made available in a digital download format only. Upon release, \\\"Love Is Gone\\\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Chris Colgan from PopMatters felt that the album features a number of aspects that make Dommin \\\"stand out from the pack\\\", including\",\n \"title\": \"Love Is Gone (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9649720\",\n \"text\": \"home wrote this song in twenty minutes. It uses the melody from \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms Tonight\\\" by the Cutting Crew. The song is an upbeat pop track with a disco-like bassline and a funky guitar riff in the background on the choruses, where he sings: \\\"It's as if I'm scared/It's as if I'm terrified/It's as if I scared/It's as if I'm playing with fire\\\". It is set in the key of F minor. The song received positive reviews from music critics. Beth Johnson from \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" wrote that the song is \\\"a Bee Gees-ish shout-out to Frankie\",\n \"title\": \"Relax, Take It Easy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12139850\",\n \"text\": \"Nick Van Eede Nick Van Eede (born Nicholas Eede, 14 June 1958) is an English musician, producer and songwriter. He is best known for singing and writing the 1986 U.S. #1 power ballad, \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" for his band Cutting Crew. While working as a hospital orderly in the late 1970s, Van Eede was discovered playing by ex member of The Animals, Chas Chandler, who sent him on a tour of Poland as support for Slade. Van Eede was only 18 when sent on the road. He recalls, \\\"I went with a kazoo and an acoustic guitar\",\n \"title\": \"Nick Van Eede\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10837702\",\n \"text\": \"Support. During their set they were joined on stage by former Radio One DJ Mike Read, who performed the Cliff Richard hit \\\"The Young Ones\\\" with the group. In March 2014 they performed a special 10th Anniversary concert at The Bedford music venue in London. They were joined on stage by Tony Moore of the Cutting Crew who performed his group's million-selling hit \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms Tonight\\\" with MP4. On 18 June 2014, at a band performance they were awarded a commemorative disc by the British music industry in recognition of their charitable fund raising, having raised\",\n \"title\": \"MP4 (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12139860\",\n \"text\": \"Van Eede married Nikki McFarlane in June 1996. He has a daughter, Lauren (born 13 May 1986). Nick Van Eede Nick Van Eede (born Nicholas Eede, 14 June 1958) is an English musician, producer and songwriter. He is best known for singing and writing the 1986 U.S. #1 power ballad, \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" for his band Cutting Crew. While working as a hospital orderly in the late 1970s, Van Eede was discovered playing by ex member of The Animals, Chas Chandler, who sent him on a tour of Poland as support for Slade. Van Eede was only\",\n \"title\": \"Nick Van Eede\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8122027\",\n \"text\": \"December 2011, they entered the \\\"Guinness World Records\\\" for most live shows during a single album cycle, with 300 shows. Miličević collaborated with American band Dommin on a rendition of Cutting Crew's song \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\", which was released on a special edition of Dommin's album \\\"Love Is Gone\\\" (2010). He began producing American singer Ivy Levan in 2012. After signing to Cherrytree Records, Levan released the EP \\\"Introducing the Dame\\\" (2013), which features a collaboration with Miličević, who wrote and produced a number of tracks. Thirty Seconds to Mars released their fourth album, \\\"Love, Lust, Faith\",\n \"title\": \"Tomo Miličević\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3814880\",\n \"text\": \"Cutting Crew Cutting Crew are an English rock band formed in London in 1985. They are best remembered for their debut album \\\"Broadcast\\\" and hit singles, \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\", \\\"I've Been in Love Before\\\", \\\"One for the Mockingbird\\\", and \\\"Everything But My Pride\\\". While still in his teens, Nick Van Eede (born Nicholas Eede) recorded a few UK solo singles in the late 1970s, and later was in the band The Drivers, which found success in Canada, particularly with their 1982 single \\\"Tears On Your Anorak\\\". While touring Canada, The Drivers had a support band called Fast\",\n \"title\": \"Cutting Crew\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2207210\",\n \"text\": \"back several generations. Donovan's fifth studio album, \\\"Soundtrack Of The 80s\\\", was released in October 2010. The album is composed of cover versions of well known 1980s hits such as \\\"Drive\\\" (The Cars), \\\"I Just Died In Your Arms\\\" (Cutting Crew) and \\\"Sign Your Name\\\" (Terence Trent D'Arby) and several others. The same year, Donovan played the role of The Artilleryman in the 2010–2011 stage show \\\"Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds\\\". The show toured the UK and Europe, starting in November 2010 and finished in Germany in January 2011. Donovan also voiced the part of\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Donovan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10688900\",\n \"text\": \"Kevin MacMichael Kevin Scott Macmichael (7 November 1951 – 31 December 2002) was a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for being a member of the 1980s UK-based pop-rock band, Cutting Crew, who had a number-one hit in 1987 with \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\". Cutting Crew was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1987. Macmichael was born in Saint John, New Brunswick and raised in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Kevin got his first guitar in 1963 along with friend Sandy Bryson. They were Beatles fans from the very beginning, learned to play many\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin MacMichael\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5656778\",\n \"text\": \"called England. In the early 1980s, he formed his own group called Radio Java and made an album at Abbey Road Studios that spawned a number-one hit single in the Netherlands before disbanding after the label closed down. In 1986, Moore was invited to play live keyboards with a new band called Cutting Crew who went on to have a worldwide hit with \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\". For two more years he toured the world and recorded with the band, at which point he signed a solo deal with a small independent label in London. He released one\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Moore (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10688904\",\n \"text\": \"brother, sister, and two daughters. Macmichael's remains were cremated and his ashes are given to his family members and friends. Kevin MacMichael Kevin Scott Macmichael (7 November 1951 – 31 December 2002) was a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for being a member of the 1980s UK-based pop-rock band, Cutting Crew, who had a number-one hit in 1987 with \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\". Cutting Crew was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1987. Macmichael was born in Saint John, New Brunswick and raised in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Kevin got his first\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin MacMichael\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2898844\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Baker Street\\\" by Gerry Rafferty, \\\"In The Army Now\\\" by Status Quo, \\\"Too Shy\\\" by Kajagoogoo, \\\"I Should Have Known Better\\\" by Jim Diamond, \\\"Perfect\\\" by Fairground Attraction, \\\"I Just Died In Your Arms Tonight\\\" by Cutting Crew and \\\"Bye Bye Baby\\\" by the Bay City Rollers were all recorded here. Jeff Beck, Barbara Dickson, Duran Duran, Marianne Faithfull, Alison Moyet, Nektar, Radiohead, The Supernaturals, Wet Wet Wet, XTC, Mark Owen and Chris Rea were also clients. Chipping Norton Castle was a timber Norman motte and bailey castle which stood to the north west of the town. Very little of\",\n \"title\": \"Chipping Norton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16236660\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Too Shy\\\" by Kajagoogoo, \\\"I Should Have Known Better\\\" by Jim Diamond, \\\"Promise Me\\\" by Beverley Craven, \\\"Creep\\\" by Radiohead, \\\"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)\\\" by The Proclaimers, \\\"Perfect\\\" by Fairground Attraction, \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" by Cutting Crew, \\\"Eighteen With A Bullet\\\" by Pete Wingfield, \\\"Hocus Pocus\\\" by Focus and \\\"Bye, Bye, Baby (Baby Goodbye)\\\" by the Bay City Rollers. Dexys Midnight Runners, Duran Duran, Marianne Faithfull, Wet Wet Wet, Jeff Beck, XTC, Barbara Dickson, Alison Moyet, The Supernaturals, The Long Ryders, Mark Owen, Freddie King, Level 42, Therapy?, Richard & Linda Thompson, Judas Priest and Chris\",\n \"title\": \"Chipping Norton Recording Studios\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10717940\",\n \"text\": \"Cure, Cutting Crew, Porcupine Tree, Faith Hill, Goo Goo Dolls, LIVE, Kandace Springs, Sweet Water, Lang Lang, Switchfoot, Lizz Wright, Billy Childs, Goldfinger, J.D. Souther, Steve Grand, Pitty and Orlando Draven. Palmer started his career in London. In the early 1980s, Palmer was an assistant engineer at Utopia Studios in London where he worked with musicians such as Mark Knopfler and Dead or Alive. By age 21, he had his first number one single, mixing \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" (1986) for Cutting Crew. In the latter half of the 80s, Palmer became a producer, and his ears and\",\n \"title\": \"Tim Palmer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16663637\",\n \"text\": \"eliminated from the competition in the public vote after this performance. On 16 November 2012, Lakyn released his first EP \\\"Better Than That\\\" through Universal Music Australia. The EP contains four self-penned songs as well as an acoustic cover of \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" by Cutting Crew. The EP received positive reviews from critics with The AU Review saying \\\"\\\"Better Than That\\\" is a strong EP, with a maturity and depth in the music that's not easy to find in an artist.\\\" On 20 January 2013, Lakyn debuted his first music video, for the track \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Lakyn Heperi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14005387\",\n \"text\": \"hit \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" by Cutting Crew. The song was Wells' first release mastered for iTunes. An 1980s-inspired lyric video for the song was also released on Vevo In December 2008 Wells became part of photographer Adam Bouska's NOH8 Campaign in response to California Proposition 8 (2008) making him one of the first pop artists to join the campaign. Wells was selected as one of 30 acts to perform in the music showcase \\\"Pure Pop 2009\\\" at Webster Hall. The performance on November 14, 2009 was Wells' first live show. Jack Chambers (2008 season winner of \\\"So\",\n \"title\": \"Killian Wells\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5623644\",\n \"text\": \"year, he recorded \\\"Only You\\\", a slow disco number which has also become significantly popular. His first album, \\\"Tonight\\\" was commercially successful and preceded singles like \\\"Radio\\\", \\\"Time\\\", \\\"A Love Again\\\", \\\"Celebrate\\\", and \\\"Love Is Death\\\". In 1989, he recorded \\\"I Just Died In Your Arms\\\" (a Hi-NRG remake of the Cutting Crew song), as well as a greatest hits album. In 1994, he released another album, \\\"Strangelove\\\", containing a number of remixes of his older songs and four mixes of the song \\\"Strangelove\\\" (originally by Depeche Mode). The last single which was released by Savage was \\\"Don't You Want\",\n \"title\": \"Roberto Zanetti\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"934574\",\n \"text\": \"In 1986, Virgin Records opened up another American division, Virgin Records America. Its first release was the debut album by Cutting Crew which included the hit single \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\". Other Virgin America signings included Camper Van Beethoven, Bob Mould, Warren Zevon, Paula Abdul, T'pau, Ziggy Marley & The Melody Makers, Redhead Kingpin & The F.B.I., Neneh Cherry, Steve Winwood and Hindsight. Virgin Records America's releases were distributed through WEA again by Atlantic Records until 1992. Virgin Records America was founded by the executive team of Jordan Harris, Jeff Ayeroff and Phil Quartararo. Another American company called\",\n \"title\": \"Virgin Records\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16809979\",\n \"text\": \"of signing with PolyGram, the band was given a schedule to record its first album, \\\"M is for Millions\\\". The label assigned Canadian producer Terry Brown, best known for producing albums by progressive rock band Rush as well as \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\", the biggest hit from British pop band Cutting Crew. The band would eventually feel that Brown had been a bad fit. The album's lead single, \\\"Sometimes,\\\" performed well on the CMJ charts, but the band immediately felt frustrations with their label. Fans would express their inability to find copies of the album at retailers. Dingman\",\n \"title\": \"The Millions (band)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"16543645","text":"that Bieber sings over makes me melt in the same way his anime eyes makes little girls melt (Bieber still has them melting, right?). There is an in-your-ear-not-your-mouth joke to be made, but I will refrain because, ugh, I just died in your arms this year, Bieber. Even the robo-melisma doesn't bug. What is happening to me?\" Tanar Anitai of MTV compared the song's style to the ones of Duffy, Amy Winehouse, Mark Ronson and Bruno Mars. Rolling Stone named the track the 45th best song of 2012. Following its release on iTunes Store, \"Die in Your Arms\" reached number","title":"Die in Your Arms"},{"docid":"7997306","text":"the United States, Canada and Finland, and reaching the top five in the UK, South Africa, Sweden and Switzerland. The actual words \"I just died in your arms tonight\" originally came allegedly to Van Eede while he was having sex with his girlfriend, the French phrase \"la petite mort\", or \"the little death\", being a metaphor for orgasm. After writing down his version of the phrase, he later used it as the opening line to the song as well as using it as the chorus. There were two music videos produced. The North American version featured artistic fragmented shots using","title":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms"},{"docid":"3712796","text":"as a typical black metal bands that sings about love and relationships and crap like that. I really didn't expect to get blown out of the water when 'April Ethereal' kicked in, from this point I am converted! And while the album has some mellow parts and some folk-ish characteristics, it's still a very intense album from a band who seems to have not forgotten how the fuck they got their current plateau in life.\" Christian Renner of \"Metal Crypt\" wrote, \"the musicianship is brilliant as always and the songwriting is just what you would expect from this incredibly talented","title":"My Arms, Your Hearse"},{"docid":"16543643","text":"a song about an all-consuming passion and the affection that Bieber feels for his love interest. During the song's chorus, the singer states, \"If I could just die in your arms /I wouldn’t mind / Because every time you touch me / I just die in your arms / It just feels so right.\" Jason Lipshutz of \"Billboard\" deemed it as \"a more classically arranged pop offering\" when compared to Bieber's previous single \"Boyfriend\". Leah Collins of the \"National Post\" described the song as a \"Baby 2.0\", adding that \"like 'Baby', 'Die in Your Arms' has a certain old-fashioned pop","title":"Die in Your Arms"},{"docid":"11209215","text":"get off your seat,/ And get your arms together,/ And your hands together,/ And give me some of that old soul Clapping\". First, Sam sings the Refrain, plus the first verse, and the refrain, while Dave sings the second verse, the refrain, and the third verse, with both Sam and Dave sharing on the repeated \"Thank Yous\" portion. Following a brief instrumental, Sam sings the Refrain, with Dave, joining him, on the Coda with the repeated \"Thank Yous\". ZZ Top covered the song on their 1979 album \"Degüello\". The band released the song as a single the next year. Like","title":"I Thank You (Sam & Dave song)"},{"docid":"14519176","text":"be on \"808s and Heartbreak\" and that Drake showed off his \"versatility\" and \"smooth singing on this slow-jam\", stating, \"I better find your loving / I better find your heart,\" he sings (over and over and over) on the chorus to this bump-'n'-grind single.\" Ryan Brockington of the \"New York Post\" said the song consisted of \"dripping double-drum beats, 80's filtered vocals and a catchy little chorus\". Jayson Rodriguez of \"MTV News\" said that the song features \"Drake in full crooner mode as he sings about saving his relationship: \"I'm more than just an option,\" he sings over sparse drums","title":"Find Your Love"},{"docid":"20369590","text":"and hip-hop. The song talks about a love that is irresistible, where the protagonist tries to disguise, but ends up falling in love with the loved one. The song begins with Luciana on lead vocals, followed by Patricia, who changes versions with Luciana to the chorus. In the chorus, the girls sing, \"I can not resist your love, you look at me like this, baby, I go, your kisses just for me, and your taste, I can not resist I need your love.\" After the chorus, Karin sings the second full part, taking help from the girls in the backing","title":"Não Dá pra Resistir"},{"docid":"20379033","text":"responds and continues, \"that the dream has no end No matter how long it will take (I'll wait for you) And it's never been so strong, I heard an angel tell me.\" In the second part, Aline sings about dreaming of a kiss and a caring someone. Karin and Luciana sing that someday they will find love, and Luciana sings, \"In your arms is where I want to be.\" At the \"bridge\", Aline sings once more, \"All the love I've always sought, you've come to show me.\" Still on bridge, they claim to have found an \"angel\", \"the love they","title":"Um Anjo Veio Me Falar"},{"docid":"5118902","text":"am a female'.\" Other themes of \"Just a Girl\" display Stefani's exasperation over stereotypical female portrayals; Stefani sings: \"Don't you think I know exactly where I stand? / This world is forcing me to hold your hand\". She gathered examples from her sister and female friends of how being \"just a girl\" is patronizing. Through \"sustained sarcasm\", she sings: \"I'm just a girl in the world / That's all that you'll let me be / I'm just a girl, all pretty and petite / So don't let me have any rights\". Critiques of \"Just a Girl\" during its release era","title":"Just a Girl"},{"docid":"4864863","text":"take note to revitalizing her career as a solo artist. In 1973, Decca became MCA records. Under MCA, she recorded a new album, titled \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms/Lucky Ladies\", the name of two singles to be released by Seely between 1973 and 1974. The first single was released in 1973, which was \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\". The song was well liked by Country radio, and peaked in the top 10 at No. 6, just missing the Top 5 spot. \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\" was originally derived from an old hobo lament titled, \"May I","title":"Jeannie Seely"},{"docid":"7040273","text":"Luciana, where she sings about wanting to find that passion again, since she does not just stay. In the chorus, the girls sing, \"Eu quero tanto seu beijo molhado Seus lábios de mel, Que me deixaram louca, Eu vou te dar um beijo molhado Eu sei que vou trazer Você pra mim.\" (\"I want your wet kiss so much Your honey lips, That drove me crazy, I'm gonna give you a wet kiss, I know I'll bring you to me.\") After the refrain, Patricia talks about not being able to sleep due to this intense passion. Fantine then sings, saying","title":"Strawberry Kisses"},{"docid":"16852372","text":"Keys sings about being a brand new version of herself, where nobody has control of her mind, heart and soul. On her official website, the singer wrote: \"Brand new me is about the journey it takes to get to a place where you are proud to be a new you.\" She sings over the soft piano melody: \"It's , I'm not who I was before/You look surprised your words don't burn me anymore/Been meaning to tell ya, but I guess it's plain to see/Don't be mad, it's just a brand-new kinda me/Can't be bad, I've found a brand-new kinda free.\"","title":"Brand New Me (Alicia Keys song)"},{"docid":"14324601","text":"produced by Don Cannon, is a modern hip-hop soul. On the song, Ross glides smoothly over the beat, while Estelle sings about how she's unsure about committing to a new man because she just got out of a relationship and doesn't want to get hurt again. \"I just wanna love you baby, I don't wanna waste no time,\" she sings. \"I wanna be your only one baby, please don't break my heart.\" The song \"International (Serious)\" featuring Chris Brown and Trey Songz is about Estelle's living the life as an international jet-setter. The clunky, apocalyptic track finds her dipping into","title":"All of Me (Estelle album)"},{"docid":"20715141","text":"minute. It's an electro-R&B track. Lyrically, Burns talks about giving someone a chance to screw her over. Mike Wass from Idolator described the song as \"admirably angry\". The song begins with the lines \"Are you proud of this since you ruined it?/ I'm so fucking tired of you/ So emotionless, something I can't fix/ And I'm just way too good for you\" sung by Burns. During the chorus she sings \"And I hate your tattoos and your hair and your car and your clothes/ And I hate when you're drinking 'cause that's when you fuck up the most/ And I","title":"Sugarcoat (Jaira Burns song)"},{"docid":"12572215","text":"and Pink is lifted up into the air on a rope. The song \"Bad Influence\" then starts. She gets lowered down onto the main stage and starts to sing. She then sings \"Just Like a Pill\", \"Who Knew\", Ave Mary A and \"Don't Let Me Get Me\". She then goes offstage. At some shows, Pink might perform \"It's All Your Fault\" after \"Just Like A Pill\". A red couch appears on the stage and Pink is seen walking over to it. She then starts to sing \"I Touch Myself\". Whilst singing \"I Touch Myself\", hands come out of the couch","title":"Funhouse Tour"},{"docid":"8566234","text":"with her, singing, \"If I never feel you in my arms again/If I never feel your tender kiss again/If I never hear I love you now and then [...] Please understand if love ends/Then I promise you, I promise you/That, that I shall never breathe again.\" \"Breathe Again\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Ron Wynn of \"Allmusic\" picked the song as a highlight from the album, writing that \"Braxton's husky, enticing voice sounds hypnotic on the track.\" Mitchell May of \"Chicago Tribune\" was very positive, writing that \"the way her voice throbs when she sings, 'I can't stop","title":"Breathe Again"},{"docid":"18652385","text":"Now\" talks about caring and praying for an ex who didn't return the favor, with Bieber yearning for compassion amidst a sea of loneliness. He sings: \"When you broke down I didn't leave you/ … I was on my knees when nobody else was praying, oh Lord.\" In another part, he complains: \"I gave you the key when the door wasn't open, just admit it [...] See, I gave you faith, turned your doubt into hoping, can't deny it, Now I'm all alone and my joys turned to moping.\" Some critics, such as \"Complex\" Khal, pointed out that it \"finds","title":"Where Are Ü Now"},{"docid":"5894343","text":"constructs a series of mid-tempo rhythm tracks and writes lyrics of romantic longing. Harrison's lack of originality is suggested by his inability even to come up with new song titles. Among the tracks here are newly written songs entitled \"Need You Tonight\" \"Got to Be There\" and even \"I Just Died\" (that's right, \"in your arms\"). Amerie has a pleasant-enough voice that she uses to express a tempered fervor and a degree of eroticism, but she seems to be just another modestly talented performer chosen mostly for her looks; record companies seem to be on an endless search for attractive","title":"All I Have (album)"},{"docid":"18910670","text":"it in the middle of doing another song... and the words just started to come. I don't know how, they just came out of the blue. I just separated it. 'You raise your left arm up, and your right arm too.' When you're doing the funky chicken you use both arms. You don't just use one. It just happened I separated it. Then I put a little rhythm in between it. The same pattern that you heard on 'The Dog' is here on 'The Funky Chicken' but it is cut in half. That's how it came about. Thomas added a","title":"Do the Funky Chicken"},{"docid":"7785818","text":"final battle, both Dilawar and Sikandar are mortally wounded and Dilawar is surprised to learn that Sikandar never loved Zohra. A dying Sikandar reaches the wedding of Kaamna and Vishal. Just as the wedding ceremony is completed, Sikandar collapses. His dying words inadvertently reveal his love for Kaamna, and Vishal sings him a reprise from the movie's theme song: \"Life is going to betray you someday... Death is your true love as it will take you along...\" Sikandar's entire life flashes before him and he dies in Vishal's arms just as the song is completed. The film ends with the","title":"Muqaddar Ka Sikandar"},{"docid":"12733305","text":"Ian MacDonald describes it as an \"ideal vehicle for Lennon,\" who sings the lead vocal. MacDonald also suggests that three songs from the Beatles 1963 album \"With the Beatles\"—\"Not a Second Time\", \"It Won't Be Long\" and \"All I've Got to Do\"—were influenced by \"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms).\" The song was also covered by Marshall Crenshaw on his 1982 debut album. It was covered by Pearl Jam for the 1999 album, \"\", with their version appearing as a B-side to their cover of \"Last Kiss\". Pearl Jam also played the song live and it has appeared on","title":"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms)"},{"docid":"15365673","text":"her confronting his marriage. At the beginning of the song, she sings the lines \"I heard that you're settled down/That you found a girl and you're married now. I heard that your dreams came true/Guess she gave you things I couldn't give to you\" with a softly voice and accompanied just by a simple piano melody. The lyrics of \"Someone like You\" are talking about what once was and what could have been as stated by a writer of \"Daily Herald\". Finding the strength to bounce back from hardship and heartache, Adele sings the lines, \"Never mind, I'll find someone","title":"Someone like You (Adele song)"},{"docid":"6112301","text":"that I would consider the album to be. It’s just about fine-tuning and sitting down with my team and things like that. \"Demonstrate\" was written by JoJo, Daniel Daley, Anthony Jeffries and Noah \"40\" Shebib who also produced the track. Noah \"40\" Shebib is known for his work on Drake's sophomore studio album, \"'Take Care\" as well as Alicia Keys' \"Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)\". \"\"Demonstrate\"\" is an R&B driven song and is about demonstrating your thoughts, she sings \"Baby there’s a lot of freaky shit running my mind that/I can’t say, but I know I can demonstrate\". It is set for","title":"Demonstrate (song)"},{"docid":"20560577","text":"include \"bitch, say less\". Ashanti said about the song's lyrics: \"I think nowadays we have to make it very clear that if it's B.S., say less, I'm a New Yorker. It's a very New York term. And I think it's just about being bold and getting to the point. I don't have time for you to waste it.\" During the song, Ashanti and Ty Dolla $ign flirt with one another. In the single edit, she sings: \"This is your body/ Ain't no way I could hide it/ I wanna be your top supplier/ Cause I'll provide this all to you\".","title":"Say Less (Ashanti song)"},{"docid":"10359762","text":"Lear has in several interviews made it clear that she has no control of all these compilations being issued. The only career retrospectives to have been both approved of and promoted by Lear are \"Forever Glam!\", released when she was celebrating her thirtieth anniversary in music business, \"Sings Evergreens\" to which she contributed liner notes, and the three disc set of Ariola recordings, \"The Sphinx – Das Beste aus den Jahren 1976–1983\". Back in Your Arms Back in Your Arms is an album by French singer Amanda Lear, released in 1998 by Dig It Int'l, consisting mostly of re-recordings of","title":"Back in Your Arms"},{"docid":"10051550","text":"songs written by Ricky Ross. Your Swaying Arms \"Your Swaying Arms\" is the first single from the album \"Fellow Hoodlums\" by the Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. Released in May 1991, it reached #23 on the UK singles chart, but went as high as #6 in Ireland, the last in the group's run of seven Irish top 10 hits between 1988 and 1991. The releases contained two B-sides, \"Fourteen Years\" and \"Faifley\", both of which are rough, bluesy songs that Ricky Ross speaks and sings in a deep, raspy voice. The 10\" vinyl version, surprisingly, contained techno dance remixes of","title":"Your Swaying Arms"},{"docid":"10051549","text":"Your Swaying Arms \"Your Swaying Arms\" is the first single from the album \"Fellow Hoodlums\" by the Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. Released in May 1991, it reached #23 on the UK singles chart, but went as high as #6 in Ireland, the last in the group's run of seven Irish top 10 hits between 1988 and 1991. The releases contained two B-sides, \"Fourteen Years\" and \"Faifley\", both of which are rough, bluesy songs that Ricky Ross speaks and sings in a deep, raspy voice. The 10\" vinyl version, surprisingly, contained techno dance remixes of the otherwise placid track. All","title":"Your Swaying Arms"},{"docid":"8659766","text":"If My World Stopped Turning \"If My World Stopped Turning\" was the Irish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004, performed in English by Chris Doran, who had an unusual previous career, being a former national kick boxing champion. The song, with music by former Westlife member Bryan McFadden, is a ballad in which Doran sings to his lover about the depth of his feelings (\"I can see my future/When I'm looking in your eyes/And I can sense security/Just by you bein' in my life\"). He goes on to explain, however, that if his relationship should end, \"Then I would","title":"If My World Stopped Turning"},{"docid":"8879254","text":"Cooper and a mellotron played by Dave Hentschel. In the song, Elton John sings to someone he has helped and from whom he is now experiencing rejection: I took a chance and changed your way of life but you misread my meaning when I met you closed the door and left me blinded by the light don't let the sun go down on me although I search myself, it's always someone else I see. I'd just allow a fragment of your life to wander free but losing everything is like the sun going down on me. \"Don't Let the Sun","title":"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me"},{"docid":"18174220","text":"song resulted from a 'venting experience' for Caillat, who translated her disappointment about her scrapped album into a message of self-love aimed at women.\" \"Put your makeup on/ Get your nails done/ Curl your hair/ Run the extra mile/ Keep it slim so they like you, do they like you?\" she sings in the beginning. \"You don’t have to try so hard/ You don’t have to give it all away/ You just have to get up, get up, get up, get up/ You don’t have to change a single thing,\" she sings in the chorus. In an interview for Elle,","title":"Try (Colbie Caillat song)"},{"docid":"14295833","text":"Don't Want to Be Right\", \"Angel in Your Arms\" reached #8 C&W. \"Angel in Your Arms\" has also been recorded by Lynn Anderson (\"I Love What Love Is Doing to Me\" 1977), Red Hurley (as \"The Angel in Your Arms\") (\"With Love\" 1978), Millie Jackson (\"Feelin' Bitchy\" 1977), Reba McEntire (\"Reba McEntire\" 1977), Billie Jo Spears (\"I Will Survive\" 1979). In the UK, where the Hot original had had an unsuccessful April 1977 release, \"Angel in the Morning\" was recorded in 1979 by veteran vocalist Carol Deene who had been inactive for some years: Deene's version, released on her own","title":"Angel in Your Arms"},{"docid":"19393952","text":"just an acoustic guitar and minimal percussion, Gaga sings about her late aunt Joanne, with \"heartfelt\" lyrics. The next track, electronic \"John Wayne\", is lyrically more tongue-in-cheek, with Gaga including cowboy references in the lyrics which go as follows: \"I just love a cowboy, I know it's bad, but I'm, like, can I just hang off the back of your horse and can you go a little faster?\". Gaga's vocals are accompanied by Homme's guitar and the track alludes to her previous relationships, with comparisons to actor John Wayne. The Beck-composed track \"Dancin' in Circles\" is a pop song, consisting","title":"Joanne (album)"},{"docid":"1297350","text":"Knows\" that what he sings stands no chance at longevity. The protagonist's relationship then concludes shortly after \"I Just Wasn't Made for These Times\", while \"Caroline, No\" is a rumination in broken love. Wilson's response when asked about LSD and \"Hang On to Your Ego\" was: \"I had taken a few drugs, and I had gotten into that kind of thing. I guess it just came up naturally.\" Despite concerns over the song's drug references, the key lyric \"they trip through the day and waste all their thoughts at night\" was kept for the final version. Elsewhere for \"Sloop John","title":"Pet Sounds"},{"docid":"17233469","text":"all that crap out of your system. I haven’t been in a bad relationship in years. It’s just that I’ve been in a bad relationship, and I think when you’re singing any song like that, you pull from the one thing in your life that you know you’ve experienced.\" \"The War Is Over\" has received mixed to positive reviews from music critics. Sam Lansky of PopCrush compared the song to Clarkson's 2009 single, \"Already Gone\", he added, \"When Clarkson sings, “All I can say is / You don’t deserve me / You don’t deserve me,” it’s hard not to get","title":"The War Is Over (Kelly Clarkson song)"},{"docid":"5065452","text":"What You've Got\", \"Just Help Yourself\", \"I'm Runnin' After Nancy\", \"Who Do You Love?\", \"Bake Dat Chicken Pie\", \"I Know Dat I'll be Happy Til I Die\" \"Down in Jungle Town\", \"My Gal Irene\", \"Come on and Kiss Your Baby\", \"Nothing Hardly Ever Troubles Me\", \"Cohan's Rage Babe\", \"A High Old Time In Dixie\", \"Alexander And His Clarinet\" \"Down Among The Sugar Cane\", \"My Wife's Gone To The Country\", \"The Right Church, But the Wrong Pew\", \"Alabam \"Ain't You Coming Out Tonight?\", \"Swingin in De Sky\" \"I'm Going Back To Dixie\", \"Under the Yum Yum Tree\", \"Put Your Arms Around","title":"Collins & Harlan"},{"docid":"16290793","text":"your heart Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song) \"Break Your Heart\" is a 1998 single by American alternative singer-songwriter Natalie Merchant, featuring N'Dea Davenport. The song was the second single from Merchant's 1998 album, \"Ophelia\". \"Break Your Heart\" sings about the saddening social injustices of the world and human nature. Merchant sings that \"I know that it will hurt/I know that it will break your heart/The way things are/The way they've been/And the way they'll always be\". \"Break Your Heart\" spent 16 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs chart and peaked at #24 on January 2, 1999. natalie merchant","title":"Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song)"},{"docid":"205067","text":"then sang a rendition of a song he'd learned as a child, \"Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody\" along with \"Come Rain or Come Shine.\" Lewis recalled, \"When I was done, the place exploded. I walked off the stage knowing I could make it on my own\". At his wife's pleading, Lewis used his own money to record the songs on a single. Record company Decca Records heard it, liked it and insisted he record an album for them. The single of \"Rock-a-Bye Your Baby\" went to #10 and the album \"Jerry Lewis Just Sings\" went to #3 on","title":"Jerry Lewis"},{"docid":"2954379","text":"this song, Jackson was the sole arranger, doing such to the classical, vocal and orchestral aspects. Jackson also played solo percussion and drums and received joint guitar credit alongside longtime collaborator Slash. Andrae Crouch's choir is also featured on the piece. \"Morphine\"'s central themes is the drug usage of Demerol. In the track, he sings, \"Trust in me/Just in me/Put all your trust in me/You're doin' morphine...Go on babe/Relax/This won't hurt you/Before I put it in/Close your eyes and count to ten/Don't cry/I won't convert you/There's no need to dismay/Close your eyes and drift away\". \"Scream Louder\" contains elements from","title":"Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix"},{"docid":"17995582","text":"slipknot / Tied by a juicehead who just took his T-shot.\" \"Eye of the Needle\" is a \"military-march\" piano ballad, while \"Hostage\" is a new wave pop and ska track that features Sia's voice \"cracking like a punk singer.\" The sixth song, \"Straight for the Knife\", is instrumented by strings and lyrically details a tempestuous relationship: \"But will someone find me swinging from the rafters / I’m hanging on your every word.\" \"Fair Game\", where Sia sings \"Watch me squirm baby, but you're just what I need,\" is a minimalist and string-laden song about the desire to find an equal","title":"1000 Forms of Fear"},{"docid":"15404269","text":"does seem album worthy. It's something most can relate to if you've ever been in a relationship. Beyonce sings about a failed relationship that's no good, but yet is so hard to walk away from and ends up being just like Poison. Recording artist Nicki Minaj discussed the song during an interview with \"Rap-Up\" magazine, saying \"When I tell you it gives me life, like, it gives me life. Her voice is effortless. It's badass, like, 'I know I'm the best.' I love the melody, I love the cadence. It's playful, but it's just so in-your-face. It's dope and it's","title":"Poison (Beyoncé song)"},{"docid":"17232181","text":"she sings, \"You say I'm crazy, and that we're happy/Is that supposed to comfort me?\" Is the guy a lech who flirts with other women in front of her, or is she just loopy nuts? Your guess is as good as mine.\" Jim Farber of the \"New York Daily News\" referred the chorus of the song as some of the worst lines in pop history. (\"I may not be Einstein/but I know that dumb plus dumb equals you\"). Credits adapted from the \"Stronger\" liner notes. Recording Personnel Einstein (song) \"Einstein\" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, from","title":"Einstein (song)"},{"docid":"2790780","text":"hire anyone, it was just me. I played everything; piano, mellotron, mini marimba, xylophone, ukulele, organ. I also brought in two female vocalists Sam Shelton and Tori Haberman.\" \"In a way,\" he says, \"your faults become your trademark.\" Like many of his role models for soundtrack composing such as John Barry and Ennio Morricone, Andrews wanted to put a song on his otherwise instrumental score. He chose the song \"Mad World\" by Tears for Fears (originally released in 1982) and his childhood friend Gary Jules sings as Andrews plays piano. The music was not available on a soundtrack album until","title":"Michael Andrews (musician)"},{"docid":"16290792","text":"Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song) \"Break Your Heart\" is a 1998 single by American alternative singer-songwriter Natalie Merchant, featuring N'Dea Davenport. The song was the second single from Merchant's 1998 album, \"Ophelia\". \"Break Your Heart\" sings about the saddening social injustices of the world and human nature. Merchant sings that \"I know that it will hurt/I know that it will break your heart/The way things are/The way they've been/And the way they'll always be\". \"Break Your Heart\" spent 16 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs chart and peaked at #24 on January 2, 1999. natalie merchant - break","title":"Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song)"},{"docid":"18601547","text":"dignified performance, sings in polished prose... But in the end, Miranda's impassioned narrative of one man's story becomes the collective narrative of a nation, a nation built by immigrants who occasionally need to be reminded where they came from.\" In his review of the Off-Broadway production, Jesse Green in \"New York\" wrote, \"The conflict between independence and interdependence is not just the show's subject but also its method: It brings the complexity of forming a union from disparate constituencies right to your ears... Few are the theatergoers who will be familiar with all of Miranda's touchstones. I caught the verbal","title":"Hamilton (musical)"},{"docid":"12139855","text":"show \"Top of the Pops\", with the song being regularly played on the radio and its music video shown on TV, the single shot up to number 4 in the UK Singles Chart and in May 1987 was number 1 in America for two weeks (Virgin's first number one single in America). In total, the song went to No. 1 in nineteen countries. This would be their biggest hit single. Van Eede came up with the title and concept for \"(I Just) Died In Your Arms\" after making love with his then-girlfriend. \"I actually remember saying that,\" he admitted, and","title":"Nick Van Eede"},{"docid":"11819242","text":"third-person point of view, for her fans: \"This is for my peoples who just lost somebody / Your best friend, your baby, your man or your lady / Put your hand way up high / We will never say bye / Mamas, daddies, sisters, brothers, friends and cousins / This is for my peoples who lost their grandmothers / Lift your hands to the sky / Because we won't ever say bye bye\". As Carey sings the second chorus, she reverts to the singular conversation with her deceased father, however now revisiting 2005, \"And you never got a chance to","title":"Bye Bye (Mariah Carey song)"},{"docid":"12139858","text":"which he performed \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" and a cover version of Macy Gray's hit \"I Try\". He then embarked on tour with his new line-up: Gareth Moulton (guitar), Sam Flynn (keyboards), Dominic Finley (bass) and Tom Arnold (drums). They toured the UK (which included the 'Here & Now 2008 Tour'), Germany, Trinidad and the United States. In 2015, a new album was released, \"Add to Favourites\". Joining Van Eede on the album included guitarists Gareth Moulton and Joolz Dunkley, bassist Nick Kay, keyboardist Jono Harrison, drummer Martyn Baker and the Blackjack Horns. Throughout 2015–2017, the band toured","title":"Nick Van Eede"},{"docid":"1970220","text":"SAW Productions (Kylie, Bananarama, Dead Or Alive, Mel & Kim) as well as external record company clients (e.g. Diana Ross, Michael Jackson/Jackson 5, Holly Johnson, Pet Shop Boys, Eighth Wonder, Four Tops, Chic, Depeche Mode, Erasure, Jesus Jones, Voice of the Beehive, Gary Moore) which included many U.S. dance chart No. 1s (such as ABC's \"When Smokey Sings\", Imagination's \"Instinctual\", Blue Mercedes' \"I Want To Be Your Property\"). They also produced the Princess hit \"Say I'm Your Number One\" (1985), the Mandy (Mandy Smith) hit \"I Just Can't Wait\" (1987), and Sinitta's \"Toy Boy\" (1987). Following their early success, their","title":"Stock Aitken Waterman"},{"docid":"17320426","text":"to The Boot. \"You choose to be happy, and in life we have as many good days as bad days. I try to find and record those songs that pull you through the bad days, and keep you believing that the good days are just around the corner. Sometimes it's just a matter of singing [Atkins sings] 'oh, oh, oh' when you feel that thing in your head, where you're stressed out or messed up. It's crazy, but it works. It carries you through some tough times. I see the crowd singing 'Rock 'N Roll' or 'Back Road' at my","title":"Just Wanna Rock N' Roll"},{"docid":"15478071","text":"Kesha sings: \"Saw you leaning against that old record machine/ Saw the name of your band written on the marquee/ It's a full moon tonight so we gettin' rowdy/ Yeah, we gettin' rowdy, get-get-gettin' rowdy.\" The refrain is sung with the lyrics: \"C'mon 'cause I know what I like/ And you're looking just like my type/ Let's go for it just for tonight/ C'mon, c'mon, c'mon/ Now don't even try to deny/ We're both going home satisfied/ Let's go for it just for tonight/ C'mon, c'mon, c'mon\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \"C'Mon\" is written in the","title":"C'Mon (Kesha song)"},{"docid":"13826083","text":"favourites, though he states “I don't even know what the guy's singing about…it really doesn't matter. The way he sings it – it just breaks your heart. And I remember thinking, oh, I can probably just talk about whatever I've been up to that day and it'll work.\" The song 'Trading Things In' was used on Grey's Anatomy in 9 October. The Voluntary Butler Scheme The Voluntary Butler Scheme is the stage name for one-man band Rob Jones, based in Stourbridge near Birmingham. Jones records and produces the majority of his material by himself in the home studio in his","title":"The Voluntary Butler Scheme"},{"docid":"13219468","text":"(a): \"Ridna My Mother\" (1960) (composer P. Maiboroda; lyrics A. Malyshko): no data \"By Mostochku Narrow\" (1960) (composer K. Akimov; lyrics M. Vershinin): no data \"Beautiful Moonlit Night\" (or \"Moonlight\") (1960; 1963). (a): (b): \"Sing Soldiers\", or \"That Soldier Sings\" (1960) (composer A. Doluhanyan; lyrics Nekrasova L. 1955) (a): \"I Will Be a Soldier Again\" (1960s?). (a): \"Where Are Your Arms\" (1948–65; 1985). (a): \"My Country I Pledge To You\" (1963?). (a): \"Nightingales\" (1963; 1975; 1978) (composer V.Solovev-Sedoy; lyrics A. Fatyanov) (a): (b): \"Near the Garden\" (1963). (a): \"Before the Long Journey\" (1964) (composer Matvey Blanter; lyrics Vladimir Dyhovichny 1962)","title":"Evgeny Belyaev"},{"docid":"14942532","text":"less jazzy hands of KT Tunstall, it becomes a sweetly self-deprecating and quietly optimistic little ditty about accepting your faults and making the best of it. 'I don't always get it right, but a thousand different ways and I just might,' she sings over an off-kilter and subtly inventive mix of piano, vocal loops and beatbox beats that has a wee hint of The X-Files theme to it. The overall effect is not unlike getting a bear hug and being told you're OK really by your best mate the morning after you disgraced yourself down the local in front of","title":"(Still a) Weirdo"},{"docid":"11650466","text":"his men were annihilated. He and two of his servants, three people all together, were surrounded. A white man came to him and asked, are you Dejazmatch Balcha? When he said yes I am, the white man said, surrender your arms, and untie your pistol [belt]. Dejazmatch Balcha said, 'I am not here to surrender my arms', and he killed the white man; then, he and his two servants died instantly without having much suffering. Balcha Safo \"Dejazmach\" Balcha Safo (; 1863 – 6 November 1936), popularly referred to by his \"horse-name\" Balcha Aba Nefso (), was an accomplished Ethiopian","title":"Balcha Safo"},{"docid":"17281499","text":"different that to stand out as an artist, being different isn't different anymore. It's almost too far and too many rappers looking like Lenny Kravitz. I'll be at clubs, and I can't tell who raps, who sings in Rock bands. It's all just a big mess. So you ask people about mess and it's like, “Shit, that’s my swag.” Well you know what? Fuck your swag.\" The first video for the album was released on March 28, 2013, for the song \"For Real\". The first single, \"Switch Lanes\" featuring Mike Posner, was released on April 12, 2013. On April 10,","title":"The Life and Times of Jonny Valiant"},{"docid":"5487276","text":"task even more difficult. It is regarding your son who is, of course, a national hero in India. However, on that fateful day, your son and I were soldiers, unknown to one another, fighting for the respect and safety of our respective countries. I regret to tell you that your son died in my hands. Arun's courage was exemplary and he moved his tank with fearless courage and daring, totally unconcerned about his safety. Tank casualties were very high till finally there were just two of us left facing one another. We both fired simultaneously. It was destined that I","title":"Arun Khetarpal"},{"docid":"6618860","text":"of these lyrics matches the lyrics of \"When I Need You\" as follows: \"(When I) need you, I just close my eyes and I'm with you, and all that I so want to give you, is only a heart beat away.\" In a 2006 interview with \"The Globe and Mail\" Cohen said: I once had that nicking happen with Leo Sayer. Do you remember that song 'When I Need You'?\" Cohen sings the chorus of Sayer's number one hit from 1977, then segues into 'And Jane came by with a lock of your hair', a lyric from 'Famous Blue Raincoat'.","title":"Famous Blue Raincoat"},{"docid":"11143028","text":"a notice, telling: \"I beg your pardon Carau, my friend, my condolences... your mother just died...\" Carau responded \"It doesn't matter my friend, mum already died, I'll have time to cry later...\" Later in the night when the dawn was coming, he asked the lady to go with her to her house, and she coldly responded: \"My house is far away from here, and I won't be visited by one who doesn't care for his own mother…\" Afterwards, saying goodbye, with his heart utterly broke, moving to home imbibed in tears, the young carau was transformed into a bird and","title":"Carau"},{"docid":"13854127","text":"song-tastic-est episode of the show yet.\" The \"Los Angeles Times\" Denise Martin also enjoyed the episode, writing: \"I don't know how \"Glee\" keeps topping itself—it just does!\" Martin too praised the performance of \"Somebody to Love\", writing: \"Love or hate Queen, when New Directions sings it, it's magical. And it's the first time since 'Don't Stop Believin' that I got goosebumps. Something about kids singing songs, raising all those arms, makes everyone—can't just be me!—giddy and hopeful. They're not as technically skilled as [rival glee club] Vocal Adrenaline—yet—but that only makes their underdog story more real.\" Tim Stack of \"Entertainment","title":"The Rhodes Not Taken"},{"docid":"15736448","text":"We’ve all been there and can relate. Towards the end of the song, during the bridge, Jonas sings, over a looped beat, “I used to be afraid of letting go / Right now I need you to set me free/ I can see it in your eyes” and “I don’t wanna see no more” as he still tries to expunge his brain from the memory of the one who has inflicted misery on his heart. Joe sings over scattered beeps, cinematic strings and a raspy R&B drumbeat - neatly side-stepping the feather-light pop-rock sound synonymous with his siblings.\" Sarah Maloy","title":"See No More"},{"docid":"16469204","text":"by Willie Nelson for his classic album, the Red-Headed Stranger. Can I Sleep in Your Arms \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\" is a single by American country music artist Jeannie Seely. Released in July 1973 under MCA Records, the song peaked at #6 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart, becoming Seely's first top ten solo hit since 1968. Additionally, \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\" also became Seely's first major hit on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada, reaching #4. The song, written by Seely's one-time husband Hank Cochran, shares its melody with the traditional cowboy","title":"Can I Sleep in Your Arms"},{"docid":"16469203","text":"Can I Sleep in Your Arms \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\" is a single by American country music artist Jeannie Seely. Released in July 1973 under MCA Records, the song peaked at #6 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart, becoming Seely's first top ten solo hit since 1968. Additionally, \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\" also became Seely's first major hit on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada, reaching #4. The song, written by Seely's one-time husband Hank Cochran, shares its melody with the traditional cowboy song \"Red River Valley\". The song has also been recorded","title":"Can I Sleep in Your Arms"},{"docid":"3814881","text":"Forward, whose line up included guitarist Kevin Macmichael. Van Eede was so impressed with Macmichael's guitar playing that he asked him to form a new band with him. The Drivers split in 1983, but Van Eede and Macmichael joined forces in 1985 by relocating to London, England. Initially, the two made demos that led to a recording contract, before bassist Colin Farley and drummer Martin Beedle joined in 1986. Their first album, \"Broadcast\", was released on Virgin Records in 1986. The song \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" was mixed in London at Utopia Studios by Tim Palmer. Although Virgin","title":"Cutting Crew"},{"docid":"4701379","text":"and percussion. Madonna begins singing \"I'm talking /I believe in the power of love /I'm singing /I believe that you can rescue me\" before engaging in the breathy, spoken word vocals, like on \"Justify My Love\". She sings \"Rescue me /It's hard to believe your love has given me hope /Rescue me /It's hard to believe I'm drowning, baby throw out your rope\" over the chorus. At one point of the song, Madonna sings the line \"And right while I am kneeling there I suddenly begin to care\", which was likened to oral sex. \"Justify My Love\" was released as","title":"The Immaculate Collection"},{"docid":"7997308","text":"chart. The song spent three weeks at #1 in Canada. The track appears in the 1999 movie \"Never Been Kissed\", the 2007 movie \"Hot Rod\", the 2010 film \"Hot Tub Time Machine,\" the 2015 television series Ash vs Evil Dead (Season 2 \"Home again\") and the 2017 film \"The Lego Batman Movie\". The song was made available for download on 7 August 2012 to play in \"Rock Band 3\" Basic and PRO mode utilizing real guitar / bass guitar, and MIDI compatible electronic drum kits / keyboards. It also can be heard on \"\" on Emotion 98.3 radio. It also","title":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms"},{"docid":"3814882","text":"Records was already a major label in the UK, their debut song, \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\", provided the first US hit for Virgin as a full-fledged label. This song release quickly helped the band gain popularity. Virgin flew the band to New York City for initial recordings of the album, then to Australia to shoot music videos. The unknown band shot to No. 1 in the major US market, as well as smaller markets such as Canada and Norway, with their debut single. Their most popular single, it was a multiformat success in the US, where it also","title":"Cutting Crew"},{"docid":"17894991","text":"seats. Railio opted to be with Team Paula. In the Battle Rounds, Paula put him against Daniela Persson. Both sang \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" and Paula picked Railio to moved to the next round. In the live rounds starting on March 15, 2013, he sang consecutively \"Maniac\", \"Rebel Yell\", \"Romanssi\" and \"Minun tuulessa soi\" and in the semi-finals, \"Skyfall\" advancing to the finals as Team Paula finalist, alongside Suvi Aalto (Team Michael), Emilia Ekström (Team Lauri) and Ike Ikegwuonu (Team Elastinen). The final was aired April 26, 2013 singing \"Sulava jää\" as solo and \"Kuuleeko yö\" as a","title":"Antti Railio"},{"docid":"12139859","text":"South America, the U.S., Australasia and Europe. Van Eede recently received a BMI (Broadcast Music Inc) award for 4 million plays on US radio for \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\". The track was also used in the hit film \"'The Lego Batman Movie\". Since 2008, Van Eede has been a member of supergroup Man Doki Soulmates, formed by Hungarian musician Leslie Mándoki. Alongside Van Eede, the band's members in the group have included, amongst others: Randy Brecker, Bill Evans, John Helliwell, Chris Thompson, Bobby Kimball, Ian Anderson, Chaka Khan, Tony Carey and the late Jack Bruce and Greg Lake.","title":"Nick Van Eede"},{"docid":"2203093","text":"for \"Goodbye Mr. M\" where he sings about the Ex-England football manager Steve McClaren being sacked. Often Moyles will pick a track because of the silliness of its lyrics, for instance \"Smile\" by Lily Allen was parodied by Moyles's invention \"Silly Allen\", in a song called \"Piles\" and Natasha Bedingfield's \"I Wanna Have Your Babies\" written by Comedy Dave and performed in May 2007. In the same month, he performed a parody of Hellogoodbye's hit \"Here\" called \"Beer in My Arms\" in which he describes how much he really dislikes the song, calling it 'daft'. Moyles also covered Puretone \"Addicted","title":"Chris Moyles"},{"docid":"3108277","text":"Carl sings lead vocals while Brian sings in the background; their voices were double-tracked, as was common practice for many of their recordings. Brian also recounted the writing of \"Add Some Music to Your Day\", saying: \"I think we wrote it my house in Bel Air. It was written by me and Mike and Joe Knott, who was a friend of mine who wasn't a songwriter but he contributed a couple of lines. But I can’t remember which ones! The lyrics are wonderful.\" \"Got to Know the Woman\" is another Dennis composition, which White noted was \"one of the few","title":"Sunflower (The Beach Boys album)"},{"docid":"13907862","text":"in which Rihanna sings, \"And you can see my heart beating/ You can see it through my chest/ I said I'm terrified, but I'm not leaving/ I know that I must pass this test/ So just pull the trigger.\" In the upcoming verse, the character that the singer portrays in the song it's scared that the man talking to her will always have a power over, \"Say a prayer to yourself/ He says close your eyes/ Sometimes it helps/ And then I get a scary thought/ That he's here means he's never lost.\" \"Russian Roulette\" ends with a sound of","title":"Russian Roulette (song)"},{"docid":"15294534","text":"track.\" The seventeenth and final track on the Japanese deluxe edition of the album \"Scary\" is another up-tempo dance song that finds Spears on the prowl. 'I just want your body, and I know that you want mine,' she sings. As the chorus opens up, Britney reveals the extent of her lust: \"It’s scary, yeah / I think I need some hypnotherapy / I want you so bad it’s scary.” \"Femme Fatale\" was released on March 25, 2011 in Europe and Oceania and four days later in the United States through Jive Records; both standard and deluxe editions were released.","title":"Femme Fatale (Britney Spears album)"},{"docid":"11210952","text":"that her mother has left the house, she sings it, and then recalling the last time she heard him, she sings it again even more intensely. The young man's song begins: Vorrei baciare i tuoi capelli neri,<br> Le labbra tue e gli occhi tuoi severi... (I want to kiss your raven hair,<br> Your lips and your solemn eyes...) A common misconception about the song's origin is that it is an aria from Gastaldon's opera, \"Mala Pasqua!\", and the only surviving piece from the work. In fact, it is neither. It was published as a salon song for solo soprano and","title":"Stanislao Gastaldon"},{"docid":"904870","text":"sexual gratification. She sings in the first verse, \"Maybe I should have called you first, but I was dying to get to you/I was dreaming while I drove the long, straight road ahead.\" In the chorus, she sings, \"Woke you from your sleep to make love to you/Is that all right?/I drove all night.\" In the second verse, Dion duplicates a line as it is heard in Orbison's original recording. Instead of singing, \"no matter where I go I hear the beating of our heart,\" Dion sings, \"our \"one\" heart,\" which is where the title of the album the song","title":"I Drove All Night"},{"docid":"8812035","text":"4:50, Warnes' 1987 recording contains five verses, compared to Cohen's six, only the first two of which it shares with Cohen's recording of 1988. In the three remaining verses, which are unique to her version of the song, Warnes sings: <poem>There ain’t no cure for love There ain’t no cure for love No pill no drug It’s all been cut with stuff I can’t get nothin' done Can’t be with anyone I don’t want your brother love I want that other love Ain’t no cure for love I don’t expect a medal Just because the scene got rough And I","title":"Ain't No Cure for Love"},{"docid":"14767100","text":"The Romance of Betty Boop The Romance of Betty Boop is a 1985 CBS animated television special featuring Betty Boop. The story is set in New York City in 1939, during the Great Depression. The film opens with a New York montage, as a voiceover in mock period style introduces the story of \"a romantic hardworking New Yorker, an independent girl who wants nothing more than to put her feet up and marry a handsome millionaire.\" Desirée Goyette sings \"Just Give 'Em Your Boop-Oop-a-Doop\" over the opening credits. Scraps of popular songs, especially \"I Only Have Eyes for You\", appear","title":"The Romance of Betty Boop"},{"docid":"18029787","text":"(\"You and I\"), performed by Nicky Jam, follows with a running time of two minutes and forty-two seconds. Eddie Dee's \"Si Tu No Cuidas Tu Mujer\" (\"If You Don’t Take Care of Your Woman\") serves as the album's third single. The song's lyrics advise to take care of your woman, or another man will. Eddie Dee sings \"The one who conquers the one you love, he'll keep your chair, your plate, your bathroom, your home, your woman, and you bed. It'll be too late when you realize, that what she told you was true. And that someone will be the","title":"12 Discípulos"},{"docid":"14785770","text":"is a trance song. It also features euphoric synths and pulsating beats. According to Idolator's Robbie Daw, the opening lyrics to 'Not Giving Up On Love' could almost be describing Sophie’s feelings about her chart fortunes over the past year: \"I know you’re feeling restless, like life’s not on your side/It’s weighing heavy on your mind.\" In the chorus, she sings: \"Hold me now, nothing else matters, it’s just the two of us / And if it all falls down, nothing else matters, you know we’re strong enough / I’m not giving up, I’m not giving up on us /","title":"Not Giving Up on Love"},{"docid":"7997307","text":"a model, with the band performing to camera. The UK version was filmed both in color as well as in black and white in a film studio. First released in Britain, the song peaked at #4 on the UK charts in August 1986. Upon its release in the United States, the previously unknown band's debut single shot to number one on 2 May 1987, and stayed there for two weeks. It also reached #4 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, #24 on Billboard's Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and (in a remix version) #37 on the Hot Dance/Club Play","title":"(I Just) Died in Your Arms"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"16543645\",\n \"text\": \"that Bieber sings over makes me melt in the same way his anime eyes makes little girls melt (Bieber still has them melting, right?). There is an in-your-ear-not-your-mouth joke to be made, but I will refrain because, ugh, I just died in your arms this year, Bieber. Even the robo-melisma doesn't bug. What is happening to me?\\\" Tanar Anitai of MTV compared the song's style to the ones of Duffy, Amy Winehouse, Mark Ronson and Bruno Mars. Rolling Stone named the track the 45th best song of 2012. Following its release on iTunes Store, \\\"Die in Your Arms\\\" reached number\",\n \"title\": \"Die in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7997306\",\n \"text\": \"the United States, Canada and Finland, and reaching the top five in the UK, South Africa, Sweden and Switzerland. The actual words \\\"I just died in your arms tonight\\\" originally came allegedly to Van Eede while he was having sex with his girlfriend, the French phrase \\\"la petite mort\\\", or \\\"the little death\\\", being a metaphor for orgasm. After writing down his version of the phrase, he later used it as the opening line to the song as well as using it as the chorus. There were two music videos produced. The North American version featured artistic fragmented shots using\",\n \"title\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3712796\",\n \"text\": \"as a typical black metal bands that sings about love and relationships and crap like that. I really didn't expect to get blown out of the water when 'April Ethereal' kicked in, from this point I am converted! And while the album has some mellow parts and some folk-ish characteristics, it's still a very intense album from a band who seems to have not forgotten how the fuck they got their current plateau in life.\\\" Christian Renner of \\\"Metal Crypt\\\" wrote, \\\"the musicianship is brilliant as always and the songwriting is just what you would expect from this incredibly talented\",\n \"title\": \"My Arms, Your Hearse\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16543643\",\n \"text\": \"a song about an all-consuming passion and the affection that Bieber feels for his love interest. During the song's chorus, the singer states, \\\"If I could just die in your arms /I wouldn’t mind / Because every time you touch me / I just die in your arms / It just feels so right.\\\" Jason Lipshutz of \\\"Billboard\\\" deemed it as \\\"a more classically arranged pop offering\\\" when compared to Bieber's previous single \\\"Boyfriend\\\". Leah Collins of the \\\"National Post\\\" described the song as a \\\"Baby 2.0\\\", adding that \\\"like 'Baby', 'Die in Your Arms' has a certain old-fashioned pop\",\n \"title\": \"Die in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11209215\",\n \"text\": \"get off your seat,/ And get your arms together,/ And your hands together,/ And give me some of that old soul Clapping\\\". First, Sam sings the Refrain, plus the first verse, and the refrain, while Dave sings the second verse, the refrain, and the third verse, with both Sam and Dave sharing on the repeated \\\"Thank Yous\\\" portion. Following a brief instrumental, Sam sings the Refrain, with Dave, joining him, on the Coda with the repeated \\\"Thank Yous\\\". ZZ Top covered the song on their 1979 album \\\"Degüello\\\". The band released the song as a single the next year. Like\",\n \"title\": \"I Thank You (Sam & Dave song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14519176\",\n \"text\": \"be on \\\"808s and Heartbreak\\\" and that Drake showed off his \\\"versatility\\\" and \\\"smooth singing on this slow-jam\\\", stating, \\\"I better find your loving / I better find your heart,\\\" he sings (over and over and over) on the chorus to this bump-'n'-grind single.\\\" Ryan Brockington of the \\\"New York Post\\\" said the song consisted of \\\"dripping double-drum beats, 80's filtered vocals and a catchy little chorus\\\". Jayson Rodriguez of \\\"MTV News\\\" said that the song features \\\"Drake in full crooner mode as he sings about saving his relationship: \\\"I'm more than just an option,\\\" he sings over sparse drums\",\n \"title\": \"Find Your Love\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20369590\",\n \"text\": \"and hip-hop. The song talks about a love that is irresistible, where the protagonist tries to disguise, but ends up falling in love with the loved one. The song begins with Luciana on lead vocals, followed by Patricia, who changes versions with Luciana to the chorus. In the chorus, the girls sing, \\\"I can not resist your love, you look at me like this, baby, I go, your kisses just for me, and your taste, I can not resist I need your love.\\\" After the chorus, Karin sings the second full part, taking help from the girls in the backing\",\n \"title\": \"Não Dá pra Resistir\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20379033\",\n \"text\": \"responds and continues, \\\"that the dream has no end No matter how long it will take (I'll wait for you) And it's never been so strong, I heard an angel tell me.\\\" In the second part, Aline sings about dreaming of a kiss and a caring someone. Karin and Luciana sing that someday they will find love, and Luciana sings, \\\"In your arms is where I want to be.\\\" At the \\\"bridge\\\", Aline sings once more, \\\"All the love I've always sought, you've come to show me.\\\" Still on bridge, they claim to have found an \\\"angel\\\", \\\"the love they\",\n \"title\": \"Um Anjo Veio Me Falar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5118902\",\n \"text\": \"am a female'.\\\" Other themes of \\\"Just a Girl\\\" display Stefani's exasperation over stereotypical female portrayals; Stefani sings: \\\"Don't you think I know exactly where I stand? / This world is forcing me to hold your hand\\\". She gathered examples from her sister and female friends of how being \\\"just a girl\\\" is patronizing. Through \\\"sustained sarcasm\\\", she sings: \\\"I'm just a girl in the world / That's all that you'll let me be / I'm just a girl, all pretty and petite / So don't let me have any rights\\\". Critiques of \\\"Just a Girl\\\" during its release era\",\n \"title\": \"Just a Girl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4864863\",\n \"text\": \"take note to revitalizing her career as a solo artist. In 1973, Decca became MCA records. Under MCA, she recorded a new album, titled \\\"Can I Sleep in Your Arms/Lucky Ladies\\\", the name of two singles to be released by Seely between 1973 and 1974. The first single was released in 1973, which was \\\"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\\\". The song was well liked by Country radio, and peaked in the top 10 at No. 6, just missing the Top 5 spot. \\\"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\\\" was originally derived from an old hobo lament titled, \\\"May I\",\n \"title\": \"Jeannie Seely\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7040273\",\n \"text\": \"Luciana, where she sings about wanting to find that passion again, since she does not just stay. In the chorus, the girls sing, \\\"Eu quero tanto seu beijo molhado Seus lábios de mel, Que me deixaram louca, Eu vou te dar um beijo molhado Eu sei que vou trazer Você pra mim.\\\" (\\\"I want your wet kiss so much Your honey lips, That drove me crazy, I'm gonna give you a wet kiss, I know I'll bring you to me.\\\") After the refrain, Patricia talks about not being able to sleep due to this intense passion. Fantine then sings, saying\",\n \"title\": \"Strawberry Kisses\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16852372\",\n \"text\": \"Keys sings about being a brand new version of herself, where nobody has control of her mind, heart and soul. On her official website, the singer wrote: \\\"Brand new me is about the journey it takes to get to a place where you are proud to be a new you.\\\" She sings over the soft piano melody: \\\"It's , I'm not who I was before/You look surprised your words don't burn me anymore/Been meaning to tell ya, but I guess it's plain to see/Don't be mad, it's just a brand-new kinda me/Can't be bad, I've found a brand-new kinda free.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Brand New Me (Alicia Keys song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14324601\",\n \"text\": \"produced by Don Cannon, is a modern hip-hop soul. On the song, Ross glides smoothly over the beat, while Estelle sings about how she's unsure about committing to a new man because she just got out of a relationship and doesn't want to get hurt again. \\\"I just wanna love you baby, I don't wanna waste no time,\\\" she sings. \\\"I wanna be your only one baby, please don't break my heart.\\\" The song \\\"International (Serious)\\\" featuring Chris Brown and Trey Songz is about Estelle's living the life as an international jet-setter. The clunky, apocalyptic track finds her dipping into\",\n \"title\": \"All of Me (Estelle album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20715141\",\n \"text\": \"minute. It's an electro-R&B track. Lyrically, Burns talks about giving someone a chance to screw her over. Mike Wass from Idolator described the song as \\\"admirably angry\\\". The song begins with the lines \\\"Are you proud of this since you ruined it?/ I'm so fucking tired of you/ So emotionless, something I can't fix/ And I'm just way too good for you\\\" sung by Burns. During the chorus she sings \\\"And I hate your tattoos and your hair and your car and your clothes/ And I hate when you're drinking 'cause that's when you fuck up the most/ And I\",\n \"title\": \"Sugarcoat (Jaira Burns song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12572215\",\n \"text\": \"and Pink is lifted up into the air on a rope. The song \\\"Bad Influence\\\" then starts. She gets lowered down onto the main stage and starts to sing. She then sings \\\"Just Like a Pill\\\", \\\"Who Knew\\\", Ave Mary A and \\\"Don't Let Me Get Me\\\". She then goes offstage. At some shows, Pink might perform \\\"It's All Your Fault\\\" after \\\"Just Like A Pill\\\". A red couch appears on the stage and Pink is seen walking over to it. She then starts to sing \\\"I Touch Myself\\\". Whilst singing \\\"I Touch Myself\\\", hands come out of the couch\",\n \"title\": \"Funhouse Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8566234\",\n \"text\": \"with her, singing, \\\"If I never feel you in my arms again/If I never feel your tender kiss again/If I never hear I love you now and then [...] Please understand if love ends/Then I promise you, I promise you/That, that I shall never breathe again.\\\" \\\"Breathe Again\\\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Ron Wynn of \\\"Allmusic\\\" picked the song as a highlight from the album, writing that \\\"Braxton's husky, enticing voice sounds hypnotic on the track.\\\" Mitchell May of \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" was very positive, writing that \\\"the way her voice throbs when she sings, 'I can't stop\",\n \"title\": \"Breathe Again\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18652385\",\n \"text\": \"Now\\\" talks about caring and praying for an ex who didn't return the favor, with Bieber yearning for compassion amidst a sea of loneliness. He sings: \\\"When you broke down I didn't leave you/ … I was on my knees when nobody else was praying, oh Lord.\\\" In another part, he complains: \\\"I gave you the key when the door wasn't open, just admit it [...] See, I gave you faith, turned your doubt into hoping, can't deny it, Now I'm all alone and my joys turned to moping.\\\" Some critics, such as \\\"Complex\\\" Khal, pointed out that it \\\"finds\",\n \"title\": \"Where Are Ü Now\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5894343\",\n \"text\": \"constructs a series of mid-tempo rhythm tracks and writes lyrics of romantic longing. Harrison's lack of originality is suggested by his inability even to come up with new song titles. Among the tracks here are newly written songs entitled \\\"Need You Tonight\\\" \\\"Got to Be There\\\" and even \\\"I Just Died\\\" (that's right, \\\"in your arms\\\"). Amerie has a pleasant-enough voice that she uses to express a tempered fervor and a degree of eroticism, but she seems to be just another modestly talented performer chosen mostly for her looks; record companies seem to be on an endless search for attractive\",\n \"title\": \"All I Have (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18910670\",\n \"text\": \"it in the middle of doing another song... and the words just started to come. I don't know how, they just came out of the blue. I just separated it. 'You raise your left arm up, and your right arm too.' When you're doing the funky chicken you use both arms. You don't just use one. It just happened I separated it. Then I put a little rhythm in between it. The same pattern that you heard on 'The Dog' is here on 'The Funky Chicken' but it is cut in half. That's how it came about. Thomas added a\",\n \"title\": \"Do the Funky Chicken\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7785818\",\n \"text\": \"final battle, both Dilawar and Sikandar are mortally wounded and Dilawar is surprised to learn that Sikandar never loved Zohra. A dying Sikandar reaches the wedding of Kaamna and Vishal. Just as the wedding ceremony is completed, Sikandar collapses. His dying words inadvertently reveal his love for Kaamna, and Vishal sings him a reprise from the movie's theme song: \\\"Life is going to betray you someday... Death is your true love as it will take you along...\\\" Sikandar's entire life flashes before him and he dies in Vishal's arms just as the song is completed. The film ends with the\",\n \"title\": \"Muqaddar Ka Sikandar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12733305\",\n \"text\": \"Ian MacDonald describes it as an \\\"ideal vehicle for Lennon,\\\" who sings the lead vocal. MacDonald also suggests that three songs from the Beatles 1963 album \\\"With the Beatles\\\"—\\\"Not a Second Time\\\", \\\"It Won't Be Long\\\" and \\\"All I've Got to Do\\\"—were influenced by \\\"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms).\\\" The song was also covered by Marshall Crenshaw on his 1982 debut album. It was covered by Pearl Jam for the 1999 album, \\\"\\\", with their version appearing as a B-side to their cover of \\\"Last Kiss\\\". Pearl Jam also played the song live and it has appeared on\",\n \"title\": \"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15365673\",\n \"text\": \"her confronting his marriage. At the beginning of the song, she sings the lines \\\"I heard that you're settled down/That you found a girl and you're married now. I heard that your dreams came true/Guess she gave you things I couldn't give to you\\\" with a softly voice and accompanied just by a simple piano melody. The lyrics of \\\"Someone like You\\\" are talking about what once was and what could have been as stated by a writer of \\\"Daily Herald\\\". Finding the strength to bounce back from hardship and heartache, Adele sings the lines, \\\"Never mind, I'll find someone\",\n \"title\": \"Someone like You (Adele song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6112301\",\n \"text\": \"that I would consider the album to be. It’s just about fine-tuning and sitting down with my team and things like that. \\\"Demonstrate\\\" was written by JoJo, Daniel Daley, Anthony Jeffries and Noah \\\"40\\\" Shebib who also produced the track. Noah \\\"40\\\" Shebib is known for his work on Drake's sophomore studio album, \\\"'Take Care\\\" as well as Alicia Keys' \\\"Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)\\\". \\\"\\\"Demonstrate\\\"\\\" is an R&B driven song and is about demonstrating your thoughts, she sings \\\"Baby there’s a lot of freaky shit running my mind that/I can’t say, but I know I can demonstrate\\\". It is set for\",\n \"title\": \"Demonstrate (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20560577\",\n \"text\": \"include \\\"bitch, say less\\\". Ashanti said about the song's lyrics: \\\"I think nowadays we have to make it very clear that if it's B.S., say less, I'm a New Yorker. It's a very New York term. And I think it's just about being bold and getting to the point. I don't have time for you to waste it.\\\" During the song, Ashanti and Ty Dolla $ign flirt with one another. In the single edit, she sings: \\\"This is your body/ Ain't no way I could hide it/ I wanna be your top supplier/ Cause I'll provide this all to you\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Say Less (Ashanti song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10359762\",\n \"text\": \"Lear has in several interviews made it clear that she has no control of all these compilations being issued. The only career retrospectives to have been both approved of and promoted by Lear are \\\"Forever Glam!\\\", released when she was celebrating her thirtieth anniversary in music business, \\\"Sings Evergreens\\\" to which she contributed liner notes, and the three disc set of Ariola recordings, \\\"The Sphinx – Das Beste aus den Jahren 1976–1983\\\". Back in Your Arms Back in Your Arms is an album by French singer Amanda Lear, released in 1998 by Dig It Int'l, consisting mostly of re-recordings of\",\n \"title\": \"Back in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10051550\",\n \"text\": \"songs written by Ricky Ross. Your Swaying Arms \\\"Your Swaying Arms\\\" is the first single from the album \\\"Fellow Hoodlums\\\" by the Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. Released in May 1991, it reached #23 on the UK singles chart, but went as high as #6 in Ireland, the last in the group's run of seven Irish top 10 hits between 1988 and 1991. The releases contained two B-sides, \\\"Fourteen Years\\\" and \\\"Faifley\\\", both of which are rough, bluesy songs that Ricky Ross speaks and sings in a deep, raspy voice. The 10\\\" vinyl version, surprisingly, contained techno dance remixes of\",\n \"title\": \"Your Swaying Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10051549\",\n \"text\": \"Your Swaying Arms \\\"Your Swaying Arms\\\" is the first single from the album \\\"Fellow Hoodlums\\\" by the Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. Released in May 1991, it reached #23 on the UK singles chart, but went as high as #6 in Ireland, the last in the group's run of seven Irish top 10 hits between 1988 and 1991. The releases contained two B-sides, \\\"Fourteen Years\\\" and \\\"Faifley\\\", both of which are rough, bluesy songs that Ricky Ross speaks and sings in a deep, raspy voice. The 10\\\" vinyl version, surprisingly, contained techno dance remixes of the otherwise placid track. All\",\n \"title\": \"Your Swaying Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8659766\",\n \"text\": \"If My World Stopped Turning \\\"If My World Stopped Turning\\\" was the Irish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004, performed in English by Chris Doran, who had an unusual previous career, being a former national kick boxing champion. The song, with music by former Westlife member Bryan McFadden, is a ballad in which Doran sings to his lover about the depth of his feelings (\\\"I can see my future/When I'm looking in your eyes/And I can sense security/Just by you bein' in my life\\\"). He goes on to explain, however, that if his relationship should end, \\\"Then I would\",\n \"title\": \"If My World Stopped Turning\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8879254\",\n \"text\": \"Cooper and a mellotron played by Dave Hentschel. In the song, Elton John sings to someone he has helped and from whom he is now experiencing rejection: I took a chance and changed your way of life but you misread my meaning when I met you closed the door and left me blinded by the light don't let the sun go down on me although I search myself, it's always someone else I see. I'd just allow a fragment of your life to wander free but losing everything is like the sun going down on me. \\\"Don't Let the Sun\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18174220\",\n \"text\": \"song resulted from a 'venting experience' for Caillat, who translated her disappointment about her scrapped album into a message of self-love aimed at women.\\\" \\\"Put your makeup on/ Get your nails done/ Curl your hair/ Run the extra mile/ Keep it slim so they like you, do they like you?\\\" she sings in the beginning. \\\"You don’t have to try so hard/ You don’t have to give it all away/ You just have to get up, get up, get up, get up/ You don’t have to change a single thing,\\\" she sings in the chorus. In an interview for Elle,\",\n \"title\": \"Try (Colbie Caillat song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14295833\",\n \"text\": \"Don't Want to Be Right\\\", \\\"Angel in Your Arms\\\" reached #8 C&W. \\\"Angel in Your Arms\\\" has also been recorded by Lynn Anderson (\\\"I Love What Love Is Doing to Me\\\" 1977), Red Hurley (as \\\"The Angel in Your Arms\\\") (\\\"With Love\\\" 1978), Millie Jackson (\\\"Feelin' Bitchy\\\" 1977), Reba McEntire (\\\"Reba McEntire\\\" 1977), Billie Jo Spears (\\\"I Will Survive\\\" 1979). In the UK, where the Hot original had had an unsuccessful April 1977 release, \\\"Angel in the Morning\\\" was recorded in 1979 by veteran vocalist Carol Deene who had been inactive for some years: Deene's version, released on her own\",\n \"title\": \"Angel in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19393952\",\n \"text\": \"just an acoustic guitar and minimal percussion, Gaga sings about her late aunt Joanne, with \\\"heartfelt\\\" lyrics. The next track, electronic \\\"John Wayne\\\", is lyrically more tongue-in-cheek, with Gaga including cowboy references in the lyrics which go as follows: \\\"I just love a cowboy, I know it's bad, but I'm, like, can I just hang off the back of your horse and can you go a little faster?\\\". Gaga's vocals are accompanied by Homme's guitar and the track alludes to her previous relationships, with comparisons to actor John Wayne. The Beck-composed track \\\"Dancin' in Circles\\\" is a pop song, consisting\",\n \"title\": \"Joanne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1297350\",\n \"text\": \"Knows\\\" that what he sings stands no chance at longevity. The protagonist's relationship then concludes shortly after \\\"I Just Wasn't Made for These Times\\\", while \\\"Caroline, No\\\" is a rumination in broken love. Wilson's response when asked about LSD and \\\"Hang On to Your Ego\\\" was: \\\"I had taken a few drugs, and I had gotten into that kind of thing. I guess it just came up naturally.\\\" Despite concerns over the song's drug references, the key lyric \\\"they trip through the day and waste all their thoughts at night\\\" was kept for the final version. Elsewhere for \\\"Sloop John\",\n \"title\": \"Pet Sounds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17233469\",\n \"text\": \"all that crap out of your system. I haven’t been in a bad relationship in years. It’s just that I’ve been in a bad relationship, and I think when you’re singing any song like that, you pull from the one thing in your life that you know you’ve experienced.\\\" \\\"The War Is Over\\\" has received mixed to positive reviews from music critics. Sam Lansky of PopCrush compared the song to Clarkson's 2009 single, \\\"Already Gone\\\", he added, \\\"When Clarkson sings, “All I can say is / You don’t deserve me / You don’t deserve me,” it’s hard not to get\",\n \"title\": \"The War Is Over (Kelly Clarkson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5065452\",\n \"text\": \"What You've Got\\\", \\\"Just Help Yourself\\\", \\\"I'm Runnin' After Nancy\\\", \\\"Who Do You Love?\\\", \\\"Bake Dat Chicken Pie\\\", \\\"I Know Dat I'll be Happy Til I Die\\\" \\\"Down in Jungle Town\\\", \\\"My Gal Irene\\\", \\\"Come on and Kiss Your Baby\\\", \\\"Nothing Hardly Ever Troubles Me\\\", \\\"Cohan's Rage Babe\\\", \\\"A High Old Time In Dixie\\\", \\\"Alexander And His Clarinet\\\" \\\"Down Among The Sugar Cane\\\", \\\"My Wife's Gone To The Country\\\", \\\"The Right Church, But the Wrong Pew\\\", \\\"Alabam \\\"Ain't You Coming Out Tonight?\\\", \\\"Swingin in De Sky\\\" \\\"I'm Going Back To Dixie\\\", \\\"Under the Yum Yum Tree\\\", \\\"Put Your Arms Around\",\n \"title\": \"Collins & Harlan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16290793\",\n \"text\": \"your heart Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song) \\\"Break Your Heart\\\" is a 1998 single by American alternative singer-songwriter Natalie Merchant, featuring N'Dea Davenport. The song was the second single from Merchant's 1998 album, \\\"Ophelia\\\". \\\"Break Your Heart\\\" sings about the saddening social injustices of the world and human nature. Merchant sings that \\\"I know that it will hurt/I know that it will break your heart/The way things are/The way they've been/And the way they'll always be\\\". \\\"Break Your Heart\\\" spent 16 weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Adult Pop Songs chart and peaked at #24 on January 2, 1999. natalie merchant\",\n \"title\": \"Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"205067\",\n \"text\": \"then sang a rendition of a song he'd learned as a child, \\\"Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody\\\" along with \\\"Come Rain or Come Shine.\\\" Lewis recalled, \\\"When I was done, the place exploded. I walked off the stage knowing I could make it on my own\\\". At his wife's pleading, Lewis used his own money to record the songs on a single. Record company Decca Records heard it, liked it and insisted he record an album for them. The single of \\\"Rock-a-Bye Your Baby\\\" went to #10 and the album \\\"Jerry Lewis Just Sings\\\" went to #3 on\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2954379\",\n \"text\": \"this song, Jackson was the sole arranger, doing such to the classical, vocal and orchestral aspects. Jackson also played solo percussion and drums and received joint guitar credit alongside longtime collaborator Slash. Andrae Crouch's choir is also featured on the piece. \\\"Morphine\\\"'s central themes is the drug usage of Demerol. In the track, he sings, \\\"Trust in me/Just in me/Put all your trust in me/You're doin' morphine...Go on babe/Relax/This won't hurt you/Before I put it in/Close your eyes and count to ten/Don't cry/I won't convert you/There's no need to dismay/Close your eyes and drift away\\\". \\\"Scream Louder\\\" contains elements from\",\n \"title\": \"Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17995582\",\n \"text\": \"slipknot / Tied by a juicehead who just took his T-shot.\\\" \\\"Eye of the Needle\\\" is a \\\"military-march\\\" piano ballad, while \\\"Hostage\\\" is a new wave pop and ska track that features Sia's voice \\\"cracking like a punk singer.\\\" The sixth song, \\\"Straight for the Knife\\\", is instrumented by strings and lyrically details a tempestuous relationship: \\\"But will someone find me swinging from the rafters / I’m hanging on your every word.\\\" \\\"Fair Game\\\", where Sia sings \\\"Watch me squirm baby, but you're just what I need,\\\" is a minimalist and string-laden song about the desire to find an equal\",\n \"title\": \"1000 Forms of Fear\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15404269\",\n \"text\": \"does seem album worthy. It's something most can relate to if you've ever been in a relationship. Beyonce sings about a failed relationship that's no good, but yet is so hard to walk away from and ends up being just like Poison. Recording artist Nicki Minaj discussed the song during an interview with \\\"Rap-Up\\\" magazine, saying \\\"When I tell you it gives me life, like, it gives me life. Her voice is effortless. It's badass, like, 'I know I'm the best.' I love the melody, I love the cadence. It's playful, but it's just so in-your-face. It's dope and it's\",\n \"title\": \"Poison (Beyoncé song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17232181\",\n \"text\": \"she sings, \\\"You say I'm crazy, and that we're happy/Is that supposed to comfort me?\\\" Is the guy a lech who flirts with other women in front of her, or is she just loopy nuts? Your guess is as good as mine.\\\" Jim Farber of the \\\"New York Daily News\\\" referred the chorus of the song as some of the worst lines in pop history. (\\\"I may not be Einstein/but I know that dumb plus dumb equals you\\\"). Credits adapted from the \\\"Stronger\\\" liner notes. Recording Personnel Einstein (song) \\\"Einstein\\\" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, from\",\n \"title\": \"Einstein (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2790780\",\n \"text\": \"hire anyone, it was just me. I played everything; piano, mellotron, mini marimba, xylophone, ukulele, organ. I also brought in two female vocalists Sam Shelton and Tori Haberman.\\\" \\\"In a way,\\\" he says, \\\"your faults become your trademark.\\\" Like many of his role models for soundtrack composing such as John Barry and Ennio Morricone, Andrews wanted to put a song on his otherwise instrumental score. He chose the song \\\"Mad World\\\" by Tears for Fears (originally released in 1982) and his childhood friend Gary Jules sings as Andrews plays piano. The music was not available on a soundtrack album until\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Andrews (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16290792\",\n \"text\": \"Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song) \\\"Break Your Heart\\\" is a 1998 single by American alternative singer-songwriter Natalie Merchant, featuring N'Dea Davenport. The song was the second single from Merchant's 1998 album, \\\"Ophelia\\\". \\\"Break Your Heart\\\" sings about the saddening social injustices of the world and human nature. Merchant sings that \\\"I know that it will hurt/I know that it will break your heart/The way things are/The way they've been/And the way they'll always be\\\". \\\"Break Your Heart\\\" spent 16 weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Adult Pop Songs chart and peaked at #24 on January 2, 1999. natalie merchant - break\",\n \"title\": \"Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18601547\",\n \"text\": \"dignified performance, sings in polished prose... But in the end, Miranda's impassioned narrative of one man's story becomes the collective narrative of a nation, a nation built by immigrants who occasionally need to be reminded where they came from.\\\" In his review of the Off-Broadway production, Jesse Green in \\\"New York\\\" wrote, \\\"The conflict between independence and interdependence is not just the show's subject but also its method: It brings the complexity of forming a union from disparate constituencies right to your ears... Few are the theatergoers who will be familiar with all of Miranda's touchstones. I caught the verbal\",\n \"title\": \"Hamilton (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12139855\",\n \"text\": \"show \\\"Top of the Pops\\\", with the song being regularly played on the radio and its music video shown on TV, the single shot up to number 4 in the UK Singles Chart and in May 1987 was number 1 in America for two weeks (Virgin's first number one single in America). In total, the song went to No. 1 in nineteen countries. This would be their biggest hit single. Van Eede came up with the title and concept for \\\"(I Just) Died In Your Arms\\\" after making love with his then-girlfriend. \\\"I actually remember saying that,\\\" he admitted, and\",\n \"title\": \"Nick Van Eede\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11819242\",\n \"text\": \"third-person point of view, for her fans: \\\"This is for my peoples who just lost somebody / Your best friend, your baby, your man or your lady / Put your hand way up high / We will never say bye / Mamas, daddies, sisters, brothers, friends and cousins / This is for my peoples who lost their grandmothers / Lift your hands to the sky / Because we won't ever say bye bye\\\". As Carey sings the second chorus, she reverts to the singular conversation with her deceased father, however now revisiting 2005, \\\"And you never got a chance to\",\n \"title\": \"Bye Bye (Mariah Carey song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12139858\",\n \"text\": \"which he performed \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" and a cover version of Macy Gray's hit \\\"I Try\\\". He then embarked on tour with his new line-up: Gareth Moulton (guitar), Sam Flynn (keyboards), Dominic Finley (bass) and Tom Arnold (drums). They toured the UK (which included the 'Here & Now 2008 Tour'), Germany, Trinidad and the United States. In 2015, a new album was released, \\\"Add to Favourites\\\". Joining Van Eede on the album included guitarists Gareth Moulton and Joolz Dunkley, bassist Nick Kay, keyboardist Jono Harrison, drummer Martyn Baker and the Blackjack Horns. Throughout 2015–2017, the band toured\",\n \"title\": \"Nick Van Eede\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1970220\",\n \"text\": \"SAW Productions (Kylie, Bananarama, Dead Or Alive, Mel & Kim) as well as external record company clients (e.g. Diana Ross, Michael Jackson/Jackson 5, Holly Johnson, Pet Shop Boys, Eighth Wonder, Four Tops, Chic, Depeche Mode, Erasure, Jesus Jones, Voice of the Beehive, Gary Moore) which included many U.S. dance chart No. 1s (such as ABC's \\\"When Smokey Sings\\\", Imagination's \\\"Instinctual\\\", Blue Mercedes' \\\"I Want To Be Your Property\\\"). They also produced the Princess hit \\\"Say I'm Your Number One\\\" (1985), the Mandy (Mandy Smith) hit \\\"I Just Can't Wait\\\" (1987), and Sinitta's \\\"Toy Boy\\\" (1987). Following their early success, their\",\n \"title\": \"Stock Aitken Waterman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17320426\",\n \"text\": \"to The Boot. \\\"You choose to be happy, and in life we have as many good days as bad days. I try to find and record those songs that pull you through the bad days, and keep you believing that the good days are just around the corner. Sometimes it's just a matter of singing [Atkins sings] 'oh, oh, oh' when you feel that thing in your head, where you're stressed out or messed up. It's crazy, but it works. It carries you through some tough times. I see the crowd singing 'Rock 'N Roll' or 'Back Road' at my\",\n \"title\": \"Just Wanna Rock N' Roll\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15478071\",\n \"text\": \"Kesha sings: \\\"Saw you leaning against that old record machine/ Saw the name of your band written on the marquee/ It's a full moon tonight so we gettin' rowdy/ Yeah, we gettin' rowdy, get-get-gettin' rowdy.\\\" The refrain is sung with the lyrics: \\\"C'mon 'cause I know what I like/ And you're looking just like my type/ Let's go for it just for tonight/ C'mon, c'mon, c'mon/ Now don't even try to deny/ We're both going home satisfied/ Let's go for it just for tonight/ C'mon, c'mon, c'mon\\\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \\\"C'Mon\\\" is written in the\",\n \"title\": \"C'Mon (Kesha song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13826083\",\n \"text\": \"favourites, though he states “I don't even know what the guy's singing about…it really doesn't matter. The way he sings it – it just breaks your heart. And I remember thinking, oh, I can probably just talk about whatever I've been up to that day and it'll work.\\\" The song 'Trading Things In' was used on Grey's Anatomy in 9 October. The Voluntary Butler Scheme The Voluntary Butler Scheme is the stage name for one-man band Rob Jones, based in Stourbridge near Birmingham. Jones records and produces the majority of his material by himself in the home studio in his\",\n \"title\": \"The Voluntary Butler Scheme\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13219468\",\n \"text\": \"(a): \\\"Ridna My Mother\\\" (1960) (composer P. Maiboroda; lyrics A. Malyshko): no data \\\"By Mostochku Narrow\\\" (1960) (composer K. Akimov; lyrics M. Vershinin): no data \\\"Beautiful Moonlit Night\\\" (or \\\"Moonlight\\\") (1960; 1963). (a): (b): \\\"Sing Soldiers\\\", or \\\"That Soldier Sings\\\" (1960) (composer A. Doluhanyan; lyrics Nekrasova L. 1955) (a): \\\"I Will Be a Soldier Again\\\" (1960s?). (a): \\\"Where Are Your Arms\\\" (1948–65; 1985). (a): \\\"My Country I Pledge To You\\\" (1963?). (a): \\\"Nightingales\\\" (1963; 1975; 1978) (composer V.Solovev-Sedoy; lyrics A. Fatyanov) (a): (b): \\\"Near the Garden\\\" (1963). (a): \\\"Before the Long Journey\\\" (1964) (composer Matvey Blanter; lyrics Vladimir Dyhovichny 1962)\",\n \"title\": \"Evgeny Belyaev\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14942532\",\n \"text\": \"less jazzy hands of KT Tunstall, it becomes a sweetly self-deprecating and quietly optimistic little ditty about accepting your faults and making the best of it. 'I don't always get it right, but a thousand different ways and I just might,' she sings over an off-kilter and subtly inventive mix of piano, vocal loops and beatbox beats that has a wee hint of The X-Files theme to it. The overall effect is not unlike getting a bear hug and being told you're OK really by your best mate the morning after you disgraced yourself down the local in front of\",\n \"title\": \"(Still a) Weirdo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11650466\",\n \"text\": \"his men were annihilated. He and two of his servants, three people all together, were surrounded. A white man came to him and asked, are you Dejazmatch Balcha? When he said yes I am, the white man said, surrender your arms, and untie your pistol [belt]. Dejazmatch Balcha said, 'I am not here to surrender my arms', and he killed the white man; then, he and his two servants died instantly without having much suffering. Balcha Safo \\\"Dejazmach\\\" Balcha Safo (; 1863 – 6 November 1936), popularly referred to by his \\\"horse-name\\\" Balcha Aba Nefso (), was an accomplished Ethiopian\",\n \"title\": \"Balcha Safo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17281499\",\n \"text\": \"different that to stand out as an artist, being different isn't different anymore. It's almost too far and too many rappers looking like Lenny Kravitz. I'll be at clubs, and I can't tell who raps, who sings in Rock bands. It's all just a big mess. So you ask people about mess and it's like, “Shit, that’s my swag.” Well you know what? Fuck your swag.\\\" The first video for the album was released on March 28, 2013, for the song \\\"For Real\\\". The first single, \\\"Switch Lanes\\\" featuring Mike Posner, was released on April 12, 2013. On April 10,\",\n \"title\": \"The Life and Times of Jonny Valiant\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5487276\",\n \"text\": \"task even more difficult. It is regarding your son who is, of course, a national hero in India. However, on that fateful day, your son and I were soldiers, unknown to one another, fighting for the respect and safety of our respective countries. I regret to tell you that your son died in my hands. Arun's courage was exemplary and he moved his tank with fearless courage and daring, totally unconcerned about his safety. Tank casualties were very high till finally there were just two of us left facing one another. We both fired simultaneously. It was destined that I\",\n \"title\": \"Arun Khetarpal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6618860\",\n \"text\": \"of these lyrics matches the lyrics of \\\"When I Need You\\\" as follows: \\\"(When I) need you, I just close my eyes and I'm with you, and all that I so want to give you, is only a heart beat away.\\\" In a 2006 interview with \\\"The Globe and Mail\\\" Cohen said: I once had that nicking happen with Leo Sayer. Do you remember that song 'When I Need You'?\\\" Cohen sings the chorus of Sayer's number one hit from 1977, then segues into 'And Jane came by with a lock of your hair', a lyric from 'Famous Blue Raincoat'.\",\n \"title\": \"Famous Blue Raincoat\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11143028\",\n \"text\": \"a notice, telling: \\\"I beg your pardon Carau, my friend, my condolences... your mother just died...\\\" Carau responded \\\"It doesn't matter my friend, mum already died, I'll have time to cry later...\\\" Later in the night when the dawn was coming, he asked the lady to go with her to her house, and she coldly responded: \\\"My house is far away from here, and I won't be visited by one who doesn't care for his own mother…\\\" Afterwards, saying goodbye, with his heart utterly broke, moving to home imbibed in tears, the young carau was transformed into a bird and\",\n \"title\": \"Carau\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13854127\",\n \"text\": \"song-tastic-est episode of the show yet.\\\" The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" Denise Martin also enjoyed the episode, writing: \\\"I don't know how \\\"Glee\\\" keeps topping itself—it just does!\\\" Martin too praised the performance of \\\"Somebody to Love\\\", writing: \\\"Love or hate Queen, when New Directions sings it, it's magical. And it's the first time since 'Don't Stop Believin' that I got goosebumps. Something about kids singing songs, raising all those arms, makes everyone—can't just be me!—giddy and hopeful. They're not as technically skilled as [rival glee club] Vocal Adrenaline—yet—but that only makes their underdog story more real.\\\" Tim Stack of \\\"Entertainment\",\n \"title\": \"The Rhodes Not Taken\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15736448\",\n \"text\": \"We’ve all been there and can relate. Towards the end of the song, during the bridge, Jonas sings, over a looped beat, “I used to be afraid of letting go / Right now I need you to set me free/ I can see it in your eyes” and “I don’t wanna see no more” as he still tries to expunge his brain from the memory of the one who has inflicted misery on his heart. Joe sings over scattered beeps, cinematic strings and a raspy R&B drumbeat - neatly side-stepping the feather-light pop-rock sound synonymous with his siblings.\\\" Sarah Maloy\",\n \"title\": \"See No More\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16469204\",\n \"text\": \"by Willie Nelson for his classic album, the Red-Headed Stranger. Can I Sleep in Your Arms \\\"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\\\" is a single by American country music artist Jeannie Seely. Released in July 1973 under MCA Records, the song peaked at #6 on the \\\"Billboard Magazine\\\" Hot Country Singles chart, becoming Seely's first top ten solo hit since 1968. Additionally, \\\"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\\\" also became Seely's first major hit on the \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart in Canada, reaching #4. The song, written by Seely's one-time husband Hank Cochran, shares its melody with the traditional cowboy\",\n \"title\": \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16469203\",\n \"text\": \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms \\\"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\\\" is a single by American country music artist Jeannie Seely. Released in July 1973 under MCA Records, the song peaked at #6 on the \\\"Billboard Magazine\\\" Hot Country Singles chart, becoming Seely's first top ten solo hit since 1968. Additionally, \\\"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\\\" also became Seely's first major hit on the \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart in Canada, reaching #4. The song, written by Seely's one-time husband Hank Cochran, shares its melody with the traditional cowboy song \\\"Red River Valley\\\". The song has also been recorded\",\n \"title\": \"Can I Sleep in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3814881\",\n \"text\": \"Forward, whose line up included guitarist Kevin Macmichael. Van Eede was so impressed with Macmichael's guitar playing that he asked him to form a new band with him. The Drivers split in 1983, but Van Eede and Macmichael joined forces in 1985 by relocating to London, England. Initially, the two made demos that led to a recording contract, before bassist Colin Farley and drummer Martin Beedle joined in 1986. Their first album, \\\"Broadcast\\\", was released on Virgin Records in 1986. The song \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" was mixed in London at Utopia Studios by Tim Palmer. Although Virgin\",\n \"title\": \"Cutting Crew\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4701379\",\n \"text\": \"and percussion. Madonna begins singing \\\"I'm talking /I believe in the power of love /I'm singing /I believe that you can rescue me\\\" before engaging in the breathy, spoken word vocals, like on \\\"Justify My Love\\\". She sings \\\"Rescue me /It's hard to believe your love has given me hope /Rescue me /It's hard to believe I'm drowning, baby throw out your rope\\\" over the chorus. At one point of the song, Madonna sings the line \\\"And right while I am kneeling there I suddenly begin to care\\\", which was likened to oral sex. \\\"Justify My Love\\\" was released as\",\n \"title\": \"The Immaculate Collection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7997308\",\n \"text\": \"chart. The song spent three weeks at #1 in Canada. The track appears in the 1999 movie \\\"Never Been Kissed\\\", the 2007 movie \\\"Hot Rod\\\", the 2010 film \\\"Hot Tub Time Machine,\\\" the 2015 television series Ash vs Evil Dead (Season 2 \\\"Home again\\\") and the 2017 film \\\"The Lego Batman Movie\\\". The song was made available for download on 7 August 2012 to play in \\\"Rock Band 3\\\" Basic and PRO mode utilizing real guitar / bass guitar, and MIDI compatible electronic drum kits / keyboards. It also can be heard on \\\"\\\" on Emotion 98.3 radio. It also\",\n \"title\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3814882\",\n \"text\": \"Records was already a major label in the UK, their debut song, \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\", provided the first US hit for Virgin as a full-fledged label. This song release quickly helped the band gain popularity. Virgin flew the band to New York City for initial recordings of the album, then to Australia to shoot music videos. The unknown band shot to No. 1 in the major US market, as well as smaller markets such as Canada and Norway, with their debut single. Their most popular single, it was a multiformat success in the US, where it also\",\n \"title\": \"Cutting Crew\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17894991\",\n \"text\": \"seats. Railio opted to be with Team Paula. In the Battle Rounds, Paula put him against Daniela Persson. Both sang \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\" and Paula picked Railio to moved to the next round. In the live rounds starting on March 15, 2013, he sang consecutively \\\"Maniac\\\", \\\"Rebel Yell\\\", \\\"Romanssi\\\" and \\\"Minun tuulessa soi\\\" and in the semi-finals, \\\"Skyfall\\\" advancing to the finals as Team Paula finalist, alongside Suvi Aalto (Team Michael), Emilia Ekström (Team Lauri) and Ike Ikegwuonu (Team Elastinen). The final was aired April 26, 2013 singing \\\"Sulava jää\\\" as solo and \\\"Kuuleeko yö\\\" as a\",\n \"title\": \"Antti Railio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12139859\",\n \"text\": \"South America, the U.S., Australasia and Europe. Van Eede recently received a BMI (Broadcast Music Inc) award for 4 million plays on US radio for \\\"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\\\". The track was also used in the hit film \\\"'The Lego Batman Movie\\\". Since 2008, Van Eede has been a member of supergroup Man Doki Soulmates, formed by Hungarian musician Leslie Mándoki. Alongside Van Eede, the band's members in the group have included, amongst others: Randy Brecker, Bill Evans, John Helliwell, Chris Thompson, Bobby Kimball, Ian Anderson, Chaka Khan, Tony Carey and the late Jack Bruce and Greg Lake.\",\n \"title\": \"Nick Van Eede\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2203093\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"Goodbye Mr. M\\\" where he sings about the Ex-England football manager Steve McClaren being sacked. Often Moyles will pick a track because of the silliness of its lyrics, for instance \\\"Smile\\\" by Lily Allen was parodied by Moyles's invention \\\"Silly Allen\\\", in a song called \\\"Piles\\\" and Natasha Bedingfield's \\\"I Wanna Have Your Babies\\\" written by Comedy Dave and performed in May 2007. In the same month, he performed a parody of Hellogoodbye's hit \\\"Here\\\" called \\\"Beer in My Arms\\\" in which he describes how much he really dislikes the song, calling it 'daft'. Moyles also covered Puretone \\\"Addicted\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Moyles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3108277\",\n \"text\": \"Carl sings lead vocals while Brian sings in the background; their voices were double-tracked, as was common practice for many of their recordings. Brian also recounted the writing of \\\"Add Some Music to Your Day\\\", saying: \\\"I think we wrote it my house in Bel Air. It was written by me and Mike and Joe Knott, who was a friend of mine who wasn't a songwriter but he contributed a couple of lines. But I can’t remember which ones! The lyrics are wonderful.\\\" \\\"Got to Know the Woman\\\" is another Dennis composition, which White noted was \\\"one of the few\",\n \"title\": \"Sunflower (The Beach Boys album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13907862\",\n \"text\": \"in which Rihanna sings, \\\"And you can see my heart beating/ You can see it through my chest/ I said I'm terrified, but I'm not leaving/ I know that I must pass this test/ So just pull the trigger.\\\" In the upcoming verse, the character that the singer portrays in the song it's scared that the man talking to her will always have a power over, \\\"Say a prayer to yourself/ He says close your eyes/ Sometimes it helps/ And then I get a scary thought/ That he's here means he's never lost.\\\" \\\"Russian Roulette\\\" ends with a sound of\",\n \"title\": \"Russian Roulette (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15294534\",\n \"text\": \"track.\\\" The seventeenth and final track on the Japanese deluxe edition of the album \\\"Scary\\\" is another up-tempo dance song that finds Spears on the prowl. 'I just want your body, and I know that you want mine,' she sings. As the chorus opens up, Britney reveals the extent of her lust: \\\"It’s scary, yeah / I think I need some hypnotherapy / I want you so bad it’s scary.” \\\"Femme Fatale\\\" was released on March 25, 2011 in Europe and Oceania and four days later in the United States through Jive Records; both standard and deluxe editions were released.\",\n \"title\": \"Femme Fatale (Britney Spears album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11210952\",\n \"text\": \"that her mother has left the house, she sings it, and then recalling the last time she heard him, she sings it again even more intensely. The young man's song begins: Vorrei baciare i tuoi capelli neri,<br> Le labbra tue e gli occhi tuoi severi... (I want to kiss your raven hair,<br> Your lips and your solemn eyes...) A common misconception about the song's origin is that it is an aria from Gastaldon's opera, \\\"Mala Pasqua!\\\", and the only surviving piece from the work. In fact, it is neither. It was published as a salon song for solo soprano and\",\n \"title\": \"Stanislao Gastaldon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"904870\",\n \"text\": \"sexual gratification. She sings in the first verse, \\\"Maybe I should have called you first, but I was dying to get to you/I was dreaming while I drove the long, straight road ahead.\\\" In the chorus, she sings, \\\"Woke you from your sleep to make love to you/Is that all right?/I drove all night.\\\" In the second verse, Dion duplicates a line as it is heard in Orbison's original recording. Instead of singing, \\\"no matter where I go I hear the beating of our heart,\\\" Dion sings, \\\"our \\\"one\\\" heart,\\\" which is where the title of the album the song\",\n \"title\": \"I Drove All Night\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8812035\",\n \"text\": \"4:50, Warnes' 1987 recording contains five verses, compared to Cohen's six, only the first two of which it shares with Cohen's recording of 1988. In the three remaining verses, which are unique to her version of the song, Warnes sings: <poem>There ain’t no cure for love There ain’t no cure for love No pill no drug It’s all been cut with stuff I can’t get nothin' done Can’t be with anyone I don’t want your brother love I want that other love Ain’t no cure for love I don’t expect a medal Just because the scene got rough And I\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't No Cure for Love\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14767100\",\n \"text\": \"The Romance of Betty Boop The Romance of Betty Boop is a 1985 CBS animated television special featuring Betty Boop. The story is set in New York City in 1939, during the Great Depression. The film opens with a New York montage, as a voiceover in mock period style introduces the story of \\\"a romantic hardworking New Yorker, an independent girl who wants nothing more than to put her feet up and marry a handsome millionaire.\\\" Desirée Goyette sings \\\"Just Give 'Em Your Boop-Oop-a-Doop\\\" over the opening credits. Scraps of popular songs, especially \\\"I Only Have Eyes for You\\\", appear\",\n \"title\": \"The Romance of Betty Boop\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18029787\",\n \"text\": \"(\\\"You and I\\\"), performed by Nicky Jam, follows with a running time of two minutes and forty-two seconds. Eddie Dee's \\\"Si Tu No Cuidas Tu Mujer\\\" (\\\"If You Don’t Take Care of Your Woman\\\") serves as the album's third single. The song's lyrics advise to take care of your woman, or another man will. Eddie Dee sings \\\"The one who conquers the one you love, he'll keep your chair, your plate, your bathroom, your home, your woman, and you bed. It'll be too late when you realize, that what she told you was true. And that someone will be the\",\n \"title\": \"12 Discípulos\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14785770\",\n \"text\": \"is a trance song. It also features euphoric synths and pulsating beats. According to Idolator's Robbie Daw, the opening lyrics to 'Not Giving Up On Love' could almost be describing Sophie’s feelings about her chart fortunes over the past year: \\\"I know you’re feeling restless, like life’s not on your side/It’s weighing heavy on your mind.\\\" In the chorus, she sings: \\\"Hold me now, nothing else matters, it’s just the two of us / And if it all falls down, nothing else matters, you know we’re strong enough / I’m not giving up, I’m not giving up on us /\",\n \"title\": \"Not Giving Up on Love\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7997307\",\n \"text\": \"a model, with the band performing to camera. The UK version was filmed both in color as well as in black and white in a film studio. First released in Britain, the song peaked at #4 on the UK charts in August 1986. Upon its release in the United States, the previously unknown band's debut single shot to number one on 2 May 1987, and stayed there for two weeks. It also reached #4 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, #24 on Billboard's Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and (in a remix version) #37 on the Hot Dance/Club Play\",\n \"title\": \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":97,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"99"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the frequency of ac current in north america"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["60 Hz"],"string":"[\n \"60 Hz\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2702199","text":"Utility frequency The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user. In large parts of the world this is 50 Hz, although in the Americas and parts of Asia it is typically 60 Hz. Current usage by country or region is given in the list of mains power around the world. During the development of commercial electric power systems in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many different frequencies (and voltages)","title":"Utility frequency"},{"docid":"19661957","text":"Eastern, Western and Texas Interconnections via three 5 GW superconductor links. The Western Interconnection is the other major alternating current (AC) power grid in North America. All of the electric utilities in the Western Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency of 60 Hz. The Western Interconnection stretches from Western Canada south to Baja California in Mexico, reaching eastward over the Rockies to the Great Plains. Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties) such as the north-south Pacific DC Intertie, or with variable-frequency","title":"Continental U.S. power transmission grid"},{"docid":"19661960","text":"is one AC tie switch in Dayton, Texas that has been used only one time in its history (after Hurricane Ike). On October 13, 2009, the Tres Amigas SuperStation was announced to connect the Eastern, Western and Texas Interconnections via three 5 GW superconductor links. The Québec Interconnection is one of the three minor alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in North America. The Quebec Interconnection covers all of the Province of Quebec and operates at an average system frequency of 60 Hz. It connects 18 systems in the US and Canada to one electric utility company: Hydro-Québec. It is operated as","title":"Continental U.S. power transmission grid"},{"docid":"143944","text":"breeds can perceive vibrations up to 60,000 Hz. In many media, such as air, the speed of sound is approximately independent of frequency, so the wavelength of the sound waves (distance between repetitions) is approximately inversely proportional to frequency. In Europe, Africa, Australia, Southern South America, most of Asia, and Russia, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 50 Hz (close to the tone G), whereas in North America and Northern South America, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 60 Hz (between the tones B♭ and B; that is, a minor","title":"Frequency"},{"docid":"19661955","text":"providing educational and training resources as part of an accreditation program to ensure power system operators remain qualified and proficient. NERC also investigates and analyzes the causes of significant power system disturbances in order to help prevent future events. The Eastern Interconnection is one of the two major alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in North America. All of the electric utilities in the Eastern Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency operating at an average of 60 Hz. The Eastern Interconnection reaches from Central Canada eastward to the Atlantic coast (excluding Quebec), south","title":"Continental U.S. power transmission grid"},{"docid":"12776447","text":"350,000 megawatt hours were sold per day on the European Energy Exchange (EEX). All of the interconnects in North America are synchronized at a nominal 60 Hz, while those of Europe run at 50 Hz. Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a controlled flow of energy while also functionally isolating the independent AC frequencies of each side. The benefits of synchronous zones include pooling of generation, resulting in lower generation costs; pooling of load, resulting in significant equalizing effects; common provisioning of reserves,","title":"Wide area synchronous grid"},{"docid":"16359047","text":"component of the ESR of film capacitors, and which produce heat from the alternating current. The maximum RMS alternating voltage at a given frequency which may be applied continuously to a capacitor (up to the rated temperature) is defined as the rated AC voltage U. Rated AC voltages usually are specified at the mains frequency of a region (50 or 60 Hz). The rated AC voltage is generally calculated so that an internal temperature rise of 8 to 10 °K sets the allowed limit for film capacitors. These losses increase with increasing frequency, and manufacturers specify curves for derating maximum","title":"Film capacitor"},{"docid":"2702204","text":"effect is more pronounced with arc lamps, and the later mercury-vapor and fluorescent lamps. Open arc lamps made an audible buzz on alternating current, leading to experiments with high-frequency alternators to raise the sound above the range of human hearing. Commutator-type motors do not operate well on high-frequency AC, because the rapid changes of current are opposed by the inductance of the motor field. Though commutator-type \"universal\" motors are common in AC household appliances and power tools, they are small motors, less than 1 kW. The induction motor was found to work well on frequencies around 50 to 60 Hz,","title":"Utility frequency"},{"docid":"2702199","text":"Utility frequency The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user. In large parts of the world this is 50 Hz, although in the Americas and parts of Asia it is typically 60 Hz. Current usage by country or region is given in the list of mains power around the world. During the development of commercial electric power systems in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many different frequencies (and voltages)","title":"Utility frequency"},{"docid":"1682714","text":"as frequency for AC. A person can feel at least 1 mA (rms) of AC at 60 Hz, while at least 5 mA for DC. At around 10 milliamperes, AC current passing through the arm of a human can cause powerful muscle contractions; the victim is unable to voluntarily control muscles and cannot release an electrified object. This is known as the \"let go threshold\" and is a criterion for shock hazard in electrical regulations. The current may, if it is high enough and is delivered at sufficient voltage, cause tissue damage or fibrillation which can cause cardiac arrest; of","title":"Electrical injury"},{"docid":"3644170","text":"or, perhaps more easily, by adjusting the machine heads, to obtain the same, or a multiple, of the AC frequency to achieve the same effect. For example, in the case of a guitar, the 6th (lowest pitched) string pressed to the third fret gives a G at 97.999 Hz. A slight adjustment can alter it to 100 Hz, exactly one octave above the alternating current frequency in Europe and most countries in Africa and Asia, 50 Hz. In most countries of the Americas—where the AC frequency is 60 Hz—altering A# on the fifth string, first fret from 116.54 Hz to","title":"String vibration"},{"docid":"582998","text":"single synchronized network. Japan has 50 Hz and 60 Hz networks. Continental North America, while operating at 60 Hz throughout, is divided into regions which are unsynchronized: East, West, Texas, Quebec, and Alaska. Brazil and Paraguay, which share the enormous Itaipu Dam hydroelectric plant, operate on 60 Hz and 50 Hz respectively. However, HVDC systems make it possible to interconnect unsynchronized AC networks, and also add the possibility of controlling AC voltage and reactive power flow. A generator connected to a long AC transmission line may become unstable and fall out of synchronization with a distant AC power system. An","title":"High-voltage direct current"},{"docid":"532118","text":"In any case, the input to the M-G set is the local customary voltage and frequency, variously 200 V (Japan), 208 V, 240 V (North America), 380 V, 400 V or 415 V (Europe), and variously 50 Hz or 60 Hz. A direct current flows uniformly throughout the cross-section of a uniform wire. An alternating current of any frequency is forced away from the wire's center, toward its outer surface. This is because the acceleration of an electric charge in an alternating current produces waves of electromagnetic radiation that cancel the propagation of electricity toward the center of materials with","title":"Alternating current"},{"docid":"4970931","text":"losses for a given power, insulation limits make higher voltage traction motors impractical. Transformers on each locomotive are thus required to step high transmission voltages down to practical motor operating voltages. Before the development of suitable ways to efficiently transform DC currents through power electronics, efficient transformers strictly required alternating current (AC); thus high voltage electrified railways adopted AC along with the electric power distribution system (see War of Currents). The 50 Hz (60 Hz in North America) AC grid was already established at the beginning of the 20th century. Although series-wound motors can in principle run on AC as","title":"15 kV AC railway electrification"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2702199\",\n \"text\": \"Utility frequency The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user. In large parts of the world this is 50 Hz, although in the Americas and parts of Asia it is typically 60 Hz. Current usage by country or region is given in the list of mains power around the world. During the development of commercial electric power systems in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many different frequencies (and voltages)\",\n \"title\": \"Utility frequency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19661957\",\n \"text\": \"Eastern, Western and Texas Interconnections via three 5 GW superconductor links. The Western Interconnection is the other major alternating current (AC) power grid in North America. All of the electric utilities in the Western Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency of 60 Hz. The Western Interconnection stretches from Western Canada south to Baja California in Mexico, reaching eastward over the Rockies to the Great Plains. Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties) such as the north-south Pacific DC Intertie, or with variable-frequency\",\n \"title\": \"Continental U.S. power transmission grid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19661960\",\n \"text\": \"is one AC tie switch in Dayton, Texas that has been used only one time in its history (after Hurricane Ike). On October 13, 2009, the Tres Amigas SuperStation was announced to connect the Eastern, Western and Texas Interconnections via three 5 GW superconductor links. The Québec Interconnection is one of the three minor alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in North America. The Quebec Interconnection covers all of the Province of Quebec and operates at an average system frequency of 60 Hz. It connects 18 systems in the US and Canada to one electric utility company: Hydro-Québec. It is operated as\",\n \"title\": \"Continental U.S. power transmission grid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"143944\",\n \"text\": \"breeds can perceive vibrations up to 60,000 Hz. In many media, such as air, the speed of sound is approximately independent of frequency, so the wavelength of the sound waves (distance between repetitions) is approximately inversely proportional to frequency. In Europe, Africa, Australia, Southern South America, most of Asia, and Russia, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 50 Hz (close to the tone G), whereas in North America and Northern South America, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 60 Hz (between the tones B♭ and B; that is, a minor\",\n \"title\": \"Frequency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19661955\",\n \"text\": \"providing educational and training resources as part of an accreditation program to ensure power system operators remain qualified and proficient. NERC also investigates and analyzes the causes of significant power system disturbances in order to help prevent future events. The Eastern Interconnection is one of the two major alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in North America. All of the electric utilities in the Eastern Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency operating at an average of 60 Hz. The Eastern Interconnection reaches from Central Canada eastward to the Atlantic coast (excluding Quebec), south\",\n \"title\": \"Continental U.S. power transmission grid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12776447\",\n \"text\": \"350,000 megawatt hours were sold per day on the European Energy Exchange (EEX). All of the interconnects in North America are synchronized at a nominal 60 Hz, while those of Europe run at 50 Hz. Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a controlled flow of energy while also functionally isolating the independent AC frequencies of each side. The benefits of synchronous zones include pooling of generation, resulting in lower generation costs; pooling of load, resulting in significant equalizing effects; common provisioning of reserves,\",\n \"title\": \"Wide area synchronous grid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16359047\",\n \"text\": \"component of the ESR of film capacitors, and which produce heat from the alternating current. The maximum RMS alternating voltage at a given frequency which may be applied continuously to a capacitor (up to the rated temperature) is defined as the rated AC voltage U. Rated AC voltages usually are specified at the mains frequency of a region (50 or 60 Hz). The rated AC voltage is generally calculated so that an internal temperature rise of 8 to 10 °K sets the allowed limit for film capacitors. These losses increase with increasing frequency, and manufacturers specify curves for derating maximum\",\n \"title\": \"Film capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2702204\",\n \"text\": \"effect is more pronounced with arc lamps, and the later mercury-vapor and fluorescent lamps. Open arc lamps made an audible buzz on alternating current, leading to experiments with high-frequency alternators to raise the sound above the range of human hearing. Commutator-type motors do not operate well on high-frequency AC, because the rapid changes of current are opposed by the inductance of the motor field. Though commutator-type \\\"universal\\\" motors are common in AC household appliances and power tools, they are small motors, less than 1 kW. The induction motor was found to work well on frequencies around 50 to 60 Hz,\",\n \"title\": \"Utility frequency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2702199\",\n \"text\": \"Utility frequency The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user. In large parts of the world this is 50 Hz, although in the Americas and parts of Asia it is typically 60 Hz. Current usage by country or region is given in the list of mains power around the world. During the development of commercial electric power systems in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many different frequencies (and voltages)\",\n \"title\": \"Utility frequency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1682714\",\n \"text\": \"as frequency for AC. A person can feel at least 1 mA (rms) of AC at 60 Hz, while at least 5 mA for DC. At around 10 milliamperes, AC current passing through the arm of a human can cause powerful muscle contractions; the victim is unable to voluntarily control muscles and cannot release an electrified object. This is known as the \\\"let go threshold\\\" and is a criterion for shock hazard in electrical regulations. The current may, if it is high enough and is delivered at sufficient voltage, cause tissue damage or fibrillation which can cause cardiac arrest; of\",\n \"title\": \"Electrical injury\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3644170\",\n \"text\": \"or, perhaps more easily, by adjusting the machine heads, to obtain the same, or a multiple, of the AC frequency to achieve the same effect. For example, in the case of a guitar, the 6th (lowest pitched) string pressed to the third fret gives a G at 97.999 Hz. A slight adjustment can alter it to 100 Hz, exactly one octave above the alternating current frequency in Europe and most countries in Africa and Asia, 50 Hz. In most countries of the Americas—where the AC frequency is 60 Hz—altering A# on the fifth string, first fret from 116.54 Hz to\",\n \"title\": \"String vibration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"582998\",\n \"text\": \"single synchronized network. Japan has 50 Hz and 60 Hz networks. Continental North America, while operating at 60 Hz throughout, is divided into regions which are unsynchronized: East, West, Texas, Quebec, and Alaska. Brazil and Paraguay, which share the enormous Itaipu Dam hydroelectric plant, operate on 60 Hz and 50 Hz respectively. However, HVDC systems make it possible to interconnect unsynchronized AC networks, and also add the possibility of controlling AC voltage and reactive power flow. A generator connected to a long AC transmission line may become unstable and fall out of synchronization with a distant AC power system. An\",\n \"title\": \"High-voltage direct current\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"532118\",\n \"text\": \"In any case, the input to the M-G set is the local customary voltage and frequency, variously 200 V (Japan), 208 V, 240 V (North America), 380 V, 400 V or 415 V (Europe), and variously 50 Hz or 60 Hz. A direct current flows uniformly throughout the cross-section of a uniform wire. An alternating current of any frequency is forced away from the wire's center, toward its outer surface. This is because the acceleration of an electric charge in an alternating current produces waves of electromagnetic radiation that cancel the propagation of electricity toward the center of materials with\",\n \"title\": \"Alternating current\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4970931\",\n \"text\": \"losses for a given power, insulation limits make higher voltage traction motors impractical. Transformers on each locomotive are thus required to step high transmission voltages down to practical motor operating voltages. Before the development of suitable ways to efficiently transform DC currents through power electronics, efficient transformers strictly required alternating current (AC); thus high voltage electrified railways adopted AC along with the electric power distribution system (see War of Currents). The 50 Hz (60 Hz in North America) AC grid was already established at the beginning of the 20th century. Although series-wound motors can in principle run on AC as\",\n \"title\": \"15 kV AC railway electrification\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"19661961","text":"an independent AC grid for physical reasons. Because of its unique status, it is often functionally considered part of the Eastern Interconnection. The Quebec Interconnection is tied to the Eastern Interconnection with four high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), and with one variable-frequency transformers (VFTs) line, which isolate the unsynchronized AC frequencies of each side. The Alaska Interconnection is one of the three minor alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in North America. It is composed of two grids isolated from each other and from the rest of North American grids. Continental U.S. power transmission grid The electrical grid that","title":"Continental U.S. power transmission grid"},{"docid":"3034057","text":"frequency. Power conversion systems often incorporate redundancy and voltage regulation. One way of classifying power conversion systems is according to whether the input and output are alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). The following devices can convert DC to DC: The following devices can convert DC to AC: The following devices can convert AC to DC: The following devices can convert AC to AC: There are also devices and methods to convert between power systems designed for single and three-phase operation. The standard power voltage and frequency varies from country to country and sometimes within a country. In North","title":"Electric power conversion"},{"docid":"7686675","text":"found. The reactance and impedance of a capacitor are respectively where \"j\" is the imaginary unit and ω is the angular frequency of the sinusoidal signal. The −\"j\" phase indicates that the AC voltage \"V\" = \"ZI\" lags the AC current by 90°: the positive current phase corresponds to increasing voltage as the capacitor charges; zero current corresponds to instantaneous constant voltage, etc. Impedance decreases with increasing capacitance and increasing frequency. This implies that a higher-frequency signal or a larger capacitor results in a lower voltage amplitude per current amplitude—an AC \"short circuit\" or AC coupling. Conversely, for very low","title":"Capacitor"},{"docid":"2702228","text":"uniquely practical in any business or home in North America. Developed in 1933, The Hammond Organ uses a synchronous AC clock motor to maintain correct speed of its internal 'tone wheel' generator, thus keeping all notes pitch perfect, based on power-line frequency stability. Today, AC-power network operators regulate the daily average frequency so that clocks stay within a few seconds of correct time. In practice the nominal frequency is raised or lowered by a specific percentage to maintain synchronization. Over the course of a day, the average frequency is maintained at the nominal value within a few hundred parts per","title":"Utility frequency"},{"docid":"5252826","text":"cannot be used, similarly if 50 Hz AC electrification is used then 50 Hz AC track circuits cannot be used. To accommodate this, AC track circuits use alternating current signals instead of direct current (DC) but typically, the AC frequency is in the range of audio frequencies, from 91 Hz up to 10 kHz. The relays are arranged to detect the selected frequency and to ignore DC and AC traction frequency signals. Again, failsafe principles dictate that the relay interprets the presence of the signal as unoccupied track, whereas a lack of a signal indicates the presence of a train.","title":"Track circuit"},{"docid":"854503","text":"type of PWM control. Home-use light dimmers typically include electronic circuitry which suppresses current flow during defined portions of each cycle of the AC line voltage. Adjusting the brightness of light emitted by a light source is then merely a matter of setting at what voltage (or phase) in the AC half-cycle the dimmer begins to provide electric current to the light source (e.g. by using an electronic switch such as a triac). In this case the PWM duty cycle is the ratio of the conduction time to the duration of the half AC cycle defined by the frequency of","title":"Pulse-width modulation"},{"docid":"16450718","text":"weak link is given by the so-called DC Josephson relation The voltage over the contact is given by the AC Josephson relation The names of these relations (DC and AC relations) are misleading since they both hold in DC and AC situations. In the steady state (constant formula_5) Eq.(29) shows that \"V\"=0 while a nonzero current flows through the junction. In the case of a constant applied voltage (voltage bias) Eq.(29) can be integrated easily and gives Substitution in Eq.(28) gives This is an AC current. The frequency is called the Josephson frequency. One μV gives a frequency of about","title":"Macroscopic quantum phenomena"},{"docid":"5807432","text":"current (DC). The higher the frequency of the current, the smaller the depth to which the current penetrates, and the current is \"crowded\" into an increasingly smaller cross-sectional area along the surface, so the AC resistance of wire increases with frequency. The depth to which AC current penetrates in a conductor is determined by a parameter called the \"skin depth\", which is the depth at which the current is reduced to 37% of its surface value. The skin depth decreases with frequency. At low frequencies at which the skin depth is larger than the diameter of the wire, the skin","title":"Litz wire"},{"docid":"13192765","text":"applications like in power supplies, the capacitors work additionally as AC resistors to filter undesired AC components from voltage rails. For this (biased) AC function the frequency dependent AC resistance (impedance \"\"Z\"\") is as important as the capacitance value. The impedance is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current with both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency in an AC circuit. In this sense impedance is a measure of the ability of the capacitor to attenuate alternating currents and can be used like Ohms law The impedance is a frequency dependent AC resistance and possesses both magnitude","title":"Tantalum capacitor"},{"docid":"11083892","text":"load line can be drawn through the Q point. The AC load line is a straight line with a slope equal to the AC impedance facing the nonlinear device, which is in general different from the DC resistance. The ratio of AC voltage to current in the device is defined by this line. Because the impedance of the reactive components will vary with frequency, the slope of the AC load line depends on the frequency of the applied signal. So there are many AC load lines, that vary from the DC load line (at low frequency) to a limiting AC","title":"Load line (electronics)"},{"docid":"4831537","text":"Traction substation A traction substation, traction current converter plant or traction power substation (TPSS) is an electrical substation that converts electric power from the form provided by the electrical power industry for public utility service to an appropriate voltage, current type and frequency to supply railways, trams (streetcars) or trolleybuses with traction current. These systems can be used to convert three-phase 50Hz or 60Hz alternating current (AC) for the supply of AC railway electrification systems at a lower frequency and single phase, as used by many older systems, or to rectify AC into direct current (DC) for those systems (primarily","title":"Traction substation"},{"docid":"9055740","text":"Load banks are used in a variety of applications, including: The three most common types of load banks are resistive, inductive, and capacitive. Both inductive and capacitive loads create what is known as reactance in an AC circuit. Reactance is a circuit element's opposition to an alternating current, caused by the buildup of electric or magnetic fields in the element due to the current and is the \"imaginary\" component of impedance, or the resistance to AC signals at a certain frequency. Capacitive reactance is equal to 1/(2⋅π⋅f⋅C), and inductive reactance is equal to 2⋅π⋅f⋅L. The unit of reactance is the","title":"Load bank"},{"docid":"6644369","text":"Choke (electronics) In electronics, a choke coil is an inductor used to block higher-frequency while passing lower-frequency of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) in an electrical circuit, A choke usually consists of a coil of insulated wire often wound on a magnetic core, although some consist of a doughnut-shaped \"bead\" of ferrite material strung on a wire. The choke's impedance increases with frequency. Its low electrical resistance passes both AC and DC with little power loss, but its reactance limits the amount of AC passed. The name comes from blocking—\"choking\"—high frequencies while passing low frequencies. It is a","title":"Choke (electronics)"},{"docid":"13318674","text":"as for traditional (radio or microwave) rectennas. Incident light on the antenna causes electrons in the antenna to move back and forth at the same frequency as the incoming light. This is caused by the oscillating electric field of the incoming electromagnetic wave. The movement of electrons is an alternating current (AC) in the antenna circuit. To convert this into direct current (DC), the AC must be rectified, which is typically done with a diode. The resulting DC current can then be used to power an external load. The resonant frequency of antennas (frequency which results in lowest impedance and","title":"Optical rectenna"},{"docid":"15166087","text":"spring. The vibration galvanometer is used for detecting alternating currents in the frequency of its natural resonance. Most common application is as a null indicating instrument in AC bridge circuits and current comparators. The sharp resonance of the vibration galvanometer makes it very sensitive to changes in the measured current frequency and it can be used as an accurate tuning device. The frequency-sensitive behaviour of the galvanometer allows their use as a crude frequency meter, commonly used for adjusting the speed of AC generator sets. The galvanometer is constructed as a number of moving-iron galvanometers, sharing the same excitation coil.","title":"Vibration galvanometer"},{"docid":"4831462","text":"trains run with direct current or with single phase AC current with the frequency of the general power grid, the required conversion of the current is performed in the substations, so that in these countries no traction current lines are needed. Traction power network A traction network or traction power network is an electricity grid for the supply of electrified rail networks. The installation of a separate traction network generally is only done if the railway in question uses alternating current (AC) with a frequency lower than that of the national grid, such as in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Alternatively,","title":"Traction power network"},{"docid":"6233034","text":"the capacitor is used as a decoupling capacitor to filter or bypass undesired biased AC frequencies to the ground. Other applications use capacitors for capacitive coupling of AC signals; the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance is as important as the capacitance value. The frequency dependent AC resistance is called impedance formula_2 and is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current in an AC circuit. Impedance extends the concept of resistance to AC circuits and possesses both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency. This is unlike resistance, which has only","title":"Capacitor types"},{"docid":"711653","text":"of the source frequency on the AC side and voltage harmonics of the source frequency on the DC side, due to switching behavior. While half-wave and full-wave rectification deliver unidirectional current, neither produces a constant voltage. There is a large AC ripple voltage component at the source frequency for a half-wave rectifier, and twice the source frequency for a full-wave rectifier. Ripple voltage is usually specified peak-to-peak. Producing steady DC from a rectified AC supply requires a smoothing circuit or filter. In its simplest form this can be just a capacitor (also called a filter, reservoir, or smoothing capacitor), choke,","title":"Rectifier"},{"docid":"1282600","text":"current, but the higher frequency allows a much smaller inductance to be used. Others use a capacitor-transistor combination to replace the inductor, since a transistor and capacitor working together can . These ballasts take advantage of the higher efficacy of lamps operated with higher-frequency current, which rises by almost 10% at , compared to efficacy at normal power frequency. When the AC period is shorter than the relaxation time to de-ionize mercury atoms in the discharge column, the discharge stays closer to optimum operating condition. Electronic ballasts are commonly supplied with AC power, which is internally converted to DC and","title":"Fluorescent lamp"},{"docid":"13930966","text":"formula_184 magnetic flux, formula_185 Josephson junction quantum inductance and formula_186 Josephson junction current. DC Josephson equation for current: where formula_188 Josephson scale for current, formula_189 phase difference between superconductors. Current derivative on time variable will be: AC Josephson equation: where formula_192 reduced Planck constant, formula_193 Josephson magnetic flux quantum, formula_194 and formula_74 electron charge. Combining equations for derivatives yields junction voltage: where is the Devoret (1997) quantum inductance. AC Josephson equation for angular frequency: Resonance frequency for Josephson LC circuit: where formula_200 is the Devoret quantum capacitance, that can be defined as: Quantum wave impedance of Josephson junction: For formula_203mV","title":"Quantum LC circuit"},{"docid":"19056989","text":"formula_13 , where formula_14 is approximately equal to 484 GHz/mV. The very high frequency and low level of this oscillation make it difficult to observe directly. However, if an AC current at frequency formula_1 is applied to the junction, the junction oscillation formula_16 tends to phase lock to the applied frequency. Under this phase lock, the average voltage across the junction equals formula_17. This effect, known as the AC Josephson effect, is observed as a constant voltage step at formula_18 in the voltage-current (I-V) curve of the junction. It is also possible for the junction to phase lock to harmonics","title":"Josephson voltage standard"},{"docid":"2918140","text":"the receiver. The induced alternating current may either drive the load directly, or be rectified to direct current (DC) by a rectifier in the receiver, which drives the load. A few systems, such as electric toothbrush charging stands, work at 50/60 Hz so AC mains current is applied directly to the transmitter coil, but in most systems an electronic oscillator generates a higher frequency AC current which drives the coil, because transmission efficiency improves with frequency. Inductive coupling is the oldest and most widely used wireless power technology, and virtually the only one so far which is used in commercial","title":"Wireless power transfer"},{"docid":"4140525","text":"of incandescent light bulb. Electronic ballasts contain a small circuit board with a bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor and usually two switching transistors, which are often insulated-gate bipolar transistors. The incoming AC current is first rectified to DC, then converted to high frequency AC by the transistors, connected as a resonant series DC to AC inverter. The resulting high frequency is applied to the lamp tube. Since the resonant converter tends to stabilize lamp current (and light produced) over a range of input voltages, standard CFLs do not respond well in dimming applications and will experience a shorter lifespan and","title":"Compact fluorescent lamp"},{"docid":"5250159","text":"Frequency changer A frequency changer or frequency converter is an electronic or electromechanical device that converts alternating current (AC) of one frequency to alternating current of another frequency. The device may also change the voltage, but if it does, that is incidental to its principal purpose. Traditionally, these devices were electromechanical machines called a motor-generator set. Also devices with mercury arc rectifiers or vacuum tubes were in use. With the advent of solid state electronics, it has become possible to build completely electronic frequency changers. These devices usually consist of a rectifier stage (producing direct current) which is then inverted","title":"Frequency changer"},{"docid":"14712682","text":"with layered electrodes and therefore they have a lower resonant frequency. This effect is amplified by multi-anode construction, in which individual inductances are reduced by their parallel connection and the \"face-down\" technique. A \"ripple current\" is the root mean square (RMS) value of a superimposed AC current of any frequency and any waveform of the current curve for continuous operation within the specified temperature range. It arises mainly in power supplies (including switched-mode power supplies) after rectifying an AC voltage and flows as charge and discharge current through the decoupling or smoothing capacitor. Ripple currents generates heat inside the capacitor","title":"Polymer capacitor"},{"docid":"10239397","text":"Synchronization (alternating current) In an alternating current electric power system, synchronization is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator or other source to a running network. An AC generator cannot deliver power to an electrical grid unless it is running at the same frequency as the network. If two segments of a grid are disconnected, they cannot exchange AC power again until they are brought back into exact synchronization. A direct current (DC) generator can be connected to a power network by adjusting its open-circuit terminal voltage to match the network voltage, by either adjusting its","title":"Synchronization (alternating current)"},{"docid":"4056457","text":"Rotary converter A rotary converter is a type of electrical machine which acts as a mechanical rectifier, inverter or frequency converter. Rotary converters were used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), or DC to AC power, before the advent of chemical or solid state power rectification and inverting. They were commonly used to provide DC power for commercial, industrial and railway electrification from an AC power source. Rotary converters are still used as frequency converters. The rotary converter can be thought of as a motor-generator, where the two machines share a single rotating armature and set of","title":"Rotary converter"},{"docid":"4056466","text":"used to balance the DC neutral wire. Rotary converter A rotary converter is a type of electrical machine which acts as a mechanical rectifier, inverter or frequency converter. Rotary converters were used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), or DC to AC power, before the advent of chemical or solid state power rectification and inverting. They were commonly used to provide DC power for commercial, industrial and railway electrification from an AC power source. Rotary converters are still used as frequency converters. The rotary converter can be thought of as a motor-generator, where the two machines share","title":"Rotary converter"},{"docid":"18462431","text":"is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance is as important as the capacitance value. The impedance is the vector sum of reactance and resistance; it describes the phase difference and the ratio of amplitudes between sinusoidally varying voltage and sinusoidally varying current at a given frequency in an AC circuit. In this sense impedance can be used like Ohm's law In other words, impedance is a frequency-dependent AC resistance and possesses both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency. In capacitor data sheets, only the impedance magnitude |Z| is specified, and simply written","title":"Aluminum electrolytic capacitor"},{"docid":"4831540","text":"as well as parts of Great Britain. A List of railway electrification systems provides further detail. Traction substation A traction substation, traction current converter plant or traction power substation (TPSS) is an electrical substation that converts electric power from the form provided by the electrical power industry for public utility service to an appropriate voltage, current type and frequency to supply railways, trams (streetcars) or trolleybuses with traction current. These systems can be used to convert three-phase 50Hz or 60Hz alternating current (AC) for the supply of AC railway electrification systems at a lower frequency and single phase, as used","title":"Traction substation"},{"docid":"5910116","text":"classical converters are still used at the higher end of the power rating range of these applications. CCV operation creates current and voltage \"harmonics\" on the CCV's input and output. AC line harmonics are created on CCV's input accordance to the equation, where Cycloconverter A cycloconverter (CCV) or a cycloinverter converts a constant voltage, constant frequency AC waveform to another AC waveform of a lower frequency by synthesizing the output waveform from segments of the AC supply without an intermediate DC link ( and ). There are two main types of CCVs, circulating current type or blocking mode type, most","title":"Cycloconverter"},{"docid":"16129823","text":"variation in AC frequency ideally within the allowable frequency range of that system. i.e. A 50 Hz system may allow a ±0.5 Hz deviation in the frequency of the AC voltage The grid frequency is the combined result of the detailed motions of all individual synchronous rotors in the grid, which are modeled by a general equation of motion called the Swing Equation. When the grid frequency is too high or too low, active power flow through the high-voltage direct current link will be ramped down or up. In turn, the wind generation will increase or decrease the blade angles","title":"Inertial response"},{"docid":"522253","text":"case, integrating the differential equation above leads to a \"Const\" term for the current, that represents a fixed DC bias flowing through the inductor. This is set to zero because AC analysis using frequency domain impedance considers one frequency at a time and DC represents a separate frequency of zero hertz in this context. Impedance defined in terms of \"jω\" can strictly be applied only to circuits that are driven with a steady-state AC signal. The concept of impedance can be extended to a circuit energised with any arbitrary signal by using complex frequency instead of \"jω\". Complex frequency is","title":"Electrical impedance"},{"docid":"6233046","text":"represents the effect of electrical resistance and characterizes a resonator's bandwidth formula_30 relative to its center or resonant frequency formula_31. Q is defined as the reciprocal value of the dissipation factor. A high Q value is for resonant circuits a mark of the quality of the resonance. A capacitor can act as an AC resistor, coupling AC voltage and AC current between two points. Every AC current flow through a capacitor generates heat inside the capacitor body. These dissipation power loss formula_33 is caused by formula_34 and is the squared value of the effective (RMS) current formula_35 The same power","title":"Capacitor types"},{"docid":"8049554","text":"excited rotor winding. The synchronous motor produces its rated torque at exactly synchronous speed. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed synchronous motor system has an independently excited rotor winding that does not rely on the principles of slip-induction of current. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed motor is a synchronous motor that can function exactly at the supply frequency or sub to super multiple of the supply frequency. Other types of motors include eddy current motors, and AC and DC mechanically commutated machines in which speed is dependent on voltage and winding connection. Alternating current technology was rooted in Michael Faraday's and","title":"AC motor"},{"docid":"4831461","text":"conductors are used: for example in, Germany, in cases where the traction current line is carried on pylons together with three phase AC current, like the line to the nuclear power station at Neckarwestheim. Similarly, in Austria there are some traction current lines equipped with two earth ropes. In Sweden, Norway and some areas of the former GDR three phase AC-current from the public grid is converted into single phase AC current with a frequency of 16.7 Hz in substations close to the railways. In these regions there are no traction current lines. Also in countries in which the electric","title":"Traction power network"},{"docid":"5494899","text":"to CBS Radio-owned 103.7 KVIL contemporizing its playlist to focus on 1990s to current product (with an Adult Top 40 lean) before Mediabase moved the station to \"Hot AC\" a year later (as of October 2016, KVIL has switched to CHR/Top 40 full-time). As of December 26, 2016, KDGE (102.1) in Fort Worth serves as the official \"AC\" station for DFW. KLAK (97.5) in Tom Bean, Texas was another \"AC\" station that served areas north and east of the metroplex until it migrated to a \"Hot AC\" fare themselves in November 2017. The 94.9 frequency has a rich history, long","title":"KLTY"},{"docid":"3784679","text":"amplitude in the linear region, ma less than or equal to one, is '. The maximum achievable line voltage amplitude is ' The only way to control the load voltage is by changing the input DC voltage. Current source inverters convert DC current into an AC current waveform. In applications requiring sinusoidal AC waveforms, magnitude, frequency, and phase should all be controlled. CSIs have high changes in current over time, so capacitors are commonly employed on the AC side, while inductors are commonly employed on the DC side. Due to the absence of freewheeling diodes, the power circuit is reduced","title":"Power electronics"},{"docid":"20606614","text":"and low frequency alternating current (AC), but not much was known about frequencies above 20 kHz, what are now called radio frequencies. In 1887, four years previously, Heinrich Hertz had discovered Hertzian waves (radio waves), electromagnetic waves which oscillated at very high frequencies. This attracted much attention, and a number of researchers began experimenting with high frequency currents. Tesla's background was in the new field of alternating current power systems, so he understood transformers and resonance. In 1888 he decided that high frequencies were the most promising field for research, and set up a laboratory at 33 South Fifth Avenue,","title":"History of the Tesla coil"},{"docid":"2061955","text":"hot, and thereby recovered energy that could be used to accelerate again. The main disadvantage of regenerative brakes when compared with dynamic brakes is the need to closely match the generated current with the supply characteristics and increased maintenance cost of the lines. With DC supplies, this requires that the voltage be closely controlled. The AC power supply and frequency converter pioneer Miro Zorič and his first AC power electronics have also enabled this to be possible with AC supplies. The supply frequency must also be matched (this mainly applies to locomotives where an AC supply is rectified for DC","title":"Regenerative brake"},{"docid":"532129","text":"to: For 230 V AC, the peak voltage formula_33 is therefore formula_34, which is about 325 V. During the course of one cycle the voltage rises from zero to 325 V, falls through zero to -325 V, and returns to zero. Alternating current is used to transmit information, as in the cases of telephone and cable television. Information signals are carried over a wide range of AC frequencies. POTS telephone signals have a frequency of about 3 kHz, close to the baseband audio frequency. Cable television and other cable-transmitted information currents may alternate at frequencies of tens to thousands of","title":"Alternating current"},{"docid":"9620821","text":"This guaranteed voltage proof is tested according to the voltages shown in the adjacent table. Furthermore, in periodic life time tests (endurance tests) the voltage proof of ceramic capacitors is tested with increased test voltage (120 to 150% of U) to ensure safe construction. The frequency dependent AC resistance of a capacitor is called impedance formula_2 and is a complex ratio of voltage to current in an AC circuit. Impedance extends the concept of Ohm's law to AC circuits, and possesses both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude. Impedance is a measure of","title":"Ceramic capacitor"},{"docid":"4831455","text":"Station. In the United Kingdom, the Network Rail 750 V DC electrification system in the southeast of England is supplied with power from an extensive 33 kV power distribution network. Traction current lines are used to power the railway systems of countries which use alternating current of a lower frequency than the public supply. This is typically the case in the German-speaking countries of Europe. For example, 16.7 Hz AC is used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. A specific example is the Mariazeller narrow gauge railway in Austria, operating with single phase AC with a frequency of 25 Hz, which","title":"Traction power network"},{"docid":"2214203","text":"coupling of audio AC signals. Then the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance, is as important as the capacitance value. The impedance \"Z\" is the vector sum of reactance and resistance; it describes the phase difference and the ratio of amplitudes between sinusoidally varying voltage and sinusoidally varying current at a given frequency. In this sense impedance is a measure of the ability of the capacitor to pass alternating currents and can be used like Ohm's law. In other words, the impedance is a frequency-dependent AC resistance and possesses both magnitude","title":"Electrolytic capacitor"},{"docid":"5518830","text":"offset between a probe tip and a surface can be measured using the same principle as a macroscopic Kelvin probe. The cantilever in the AFM is a reference electrode that forms a capacitor with the surface, over which it is scanned laterally at a constant separation. The cantilever is not piezoelectrically driven at its mechanical resonance frequency ω as in normal AFM although an alternating current (AC) voltage is applied at this frequency. When there is a direct-current (DC) potential difference between the tip and the surface, the AC+DC voltage offset will cause the cantilever to vibrate. The origin of","title":"Kelvin probe force microscope"},{"docid":"2702207","text":"N in RPM is calculated using the formula, where f is the frequency in Hertz and P is the number of poles. Direct-current power was not entirely displaced by alternating current and was useful in railway and electrochemical processes. Prior to the development of mercury arc valve rectifiers, rotary converters were used to produce DC power from AC. Like other commutator-type machines, these worked better with lower frequencies. With AC, transformers can be used to step down high transmission voltages to lower customer utilization voltage. The transformer is effectively a voltage conversion device with no moving parts and requiring little","title":"Utility frequency"},{"docid":"2578713","text":"the sine of the phase difference across the insulator, and may take values between formula_10 and formula_7. With a fixed voltage formula_12 across the junction, the phase will vary linearly with time and the current will be an AC current with amplitude formula_7 and frequency formula_14. The complete expression for the current drive formula_15 becomes: This means a Josephson junction can act as a perfect voltage-to-frequency converter. If the phase takes the form formula_17, the voltage and current will be The DC components will then be Hence, for distinct AC voltages, the junction may carry a DC current and the","title":"Josephson effect"},{"docid":"2698669","text":"any AC motor. A synchronous motor is termed \"doubly fed\" if it is supplied with independently excited multiphase AC electromagnets on both the rotor and stator. The synchronous motor and induction motor are the most widely used types of AC motor. The difference between the two types is that the synchronous motor rotates at a rate locked to the line frequency since it does not rely on current induction to produce the rotor's magnetic field. By contrast, the induction motor requires \"slip\": the rotor must rotate slightly slower than the AC alternations in order to induce current in the rotor","title":"Synchronous motor"},{"docid":"195878","text":"energised from an AC source is called the reactance and is denoted \"X\". Thus, Reactance is measured in ohms but referred to as \"impedance\" rather than resistance; energy is stored in the magnetic field as current rises and discharged as current falls. Inductive reactance is proportional to frequency. At low frequency the reactance falls; at DC, the inductor behaves as a short-circuit. As frequency increases the reactance increases and at a sufficiently high frequency the reactance approaches that of an open circuit. In filtering applications,with respect to a particular load impedance, an inductor has a corner frequency defined as: When","title":"Inductor"},{"docid":"2736724","text":"counting and sizing virtually any kind of cells and particles. The label-free technology has recently been enhanced by a \"lab-on-a-chip\" based approach and by applying high frequency alternating current (AC) in the radio frequency range (from 100 kHz to 30 MHz) instead of a static direct current (DC) or low frequency AC field. This patented technology allows a highly accurate cell analysis and provides additional information like membrane capacitance and viability. The relatively small size and robustness allow battery powered on-site use in the field. The technology has applications in a number of fields, including molecular biology, pathology, immunology, virology,","title":"Flow cytometry"},{"docid":"1282574","text":"to 25 W/ft) for T12 lamps. The simplest ballast for alternating current (AC) use is an inductor placed in series, consisting of a winding on a laminated magnetic core. The inductance of this winding limits the flow of AC current. This type is still used, for example, in 120 volt operated desk lamps using relatively short lamps. Ballasts are rated for the size of lamp and power frequency. Where the AC voltage is insufficient to start long fluorescent lamps, the ballast is often a step-up autotransformer with substantial leakage inductance (so as to limit the current flow). Either form of","title":"Fluorescent lamp"},{"docid":"9279044","text":"recent wind turbine control systems deliberately pull less electrical power than they possibly could in most circumstances, in order to provide other benefits, which include: The generator in a wind turbine produces alternating current (AC) electricity. Some turbines drive an AC/AC converter—which converts the AC to direct current (DC) with a rectifier and then back to AC with an inverter—in order to match the frequency and phase of the grid. However, the most common method in large modern turbines is to instead use a doubly fed induction generator directly connected to the electricity grid. A useful technique to connect a","title":"Wind turbine design"},{"docid":"11736138","text":"the sample to function as a resistive heater and a resistance temperature detector (RTD). The heater is driven with AC current at frequency ω, which induces periodic joule heating at frequency 2ω due to the oscillation of the AC signal during a single period. There will be some delay between the heating of the sample and the temperature response which is dependent upon the thermal properties of the sensor/sample. This temperature response is measured by logging the amplitude and phase delay of the AC voltage signal from the heater across a range of frequencies (generally accomplished using a lock-in-amplifier). Note,","title":"Thermal conductivity measurement"},{"docid":"5910112","text":"Cycloconverter A cycloconverter (CCV) or a cycloinverter converts a constant voltage, constant frequency AC waveform to another AC waveform of a lower frequency by synthesizing the output waveform from segments of the AC supply without an intermediate DC link ( and ). There are two main types of CCVs, circulating current type or blocking mode type, most commercial high power products being of the blocking mode type. Whereas phase-controlled SCR switching devices can be used throughout the range of CCVs, low cost, low-power TRIAC-based CCVs are inherently reserved for resistive load applications. The amplitude and frequency of converters' output voltage","title":"Cycloconverter"},{"docid":"6233042","text":"(100 nF or less) capacitors rated for high frequencies, a large electrolytic capacitor rated for lower frequencies and occasionally, an intermediate value capacitor. The summarized losses in discrete capacitors are ohmic AC losses. DC losses are specified as \"leakage current\" or \"insulating resistance\" and are negligible for an AC specification. AC losses are non-linear, possibly depending on frequency, temperature, age or humidity. The losses result from two physical conditions: The largest share of these losses in larger capacitors is usually the frequency dependent ohmic dielectric losses. For smaller components, especially for wet electrolytic capacitors, conductivity of liquid electrolytes may exceed","title":"Capacitor types"},{"docid":"10239407","text":"relationship between the supply frequency, \"f\", the number of poles, \"p\", and the synchronous speed (speed of rotating field), \"n\" is given by: In the following table, frequencies are shown in hertz (Hz) and rotational speeds in revolutions per minute (rpm): Synchronization (alternating current) In an alternating current electric power system, synchronization is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator or other source to a running network. An AC generator cannot deliver power to an electrical grid unless it is running at the same frequency as the network. If two segments of a grid are disconnected,","title":"Synchronization (alternating current)"},{"docid":"13249627","text":"all of the cab signal current so that following trains might receive an incorrect aspect. Trains of this type must be given absolute block protection to the rear. Where DC and 25 Hz AC electrification co-exist, the standard 100 Hz frequency is changed to 91⅔ Hz (next available M-G set frequency). This avoids even harmonics created by the return rail's DC traction current offsetting the AC return sine wave in the same rail. 70 years after pulse code cab signals had been introduced, the 4 speed design was found to be insufficient for speeds not envisioned when the system was","title":"Pulse code cab signaling"},{"docid":"4291708","text":"matter what the load. Saturable reactors at mains (line) frequency are larger, heavier, and more expensive than electronic power controllers developed after the introduction of semiconductor electronic components, and have largely been replaced by thyristor dimmers using triacs or SCRs. Saturable reactor A saturable reactor in electrical engineering is a special form of inductor where the magnetic core can be deliberately saturated by a direct electric current in a control winding. Once saturated, the inductance of the saturable reactor drops dramatically. This decreases inductive reactance and allows increased flow of the alternating current (AC). Saturable reactors provide a very simple","title":"Saturable reactor"},{"docid":"6233041","text":"called the self-resonant frequency. The self-resonant frequency is the lowest frequency at which the impedance passes through a minimum. For any AC application the self-resonant frequency is the highest frequency at which capacitors can be used as a capacitive component. This is critically important for decoupling high-speed logic circuits from the power supply. The decoupling capacitor supplies transient current to the chip. Without decouplers, the IC demands current faster than the connection to the power supply can supply it, as parts of the circuit rapidly switch on and off. To counter this potential problem, circuits frequently use multiple bypass capacitors—small","title":"Capacitor types"},{"docid":"15280035","text":"the magnetic permeability and the frequency of the ac electrical current. Thus, in materials with very high values of magnetic permeability, such as soft-ferromagnetic materials, the penetration-length can be much less than the thickness of the conductor even for moderate values of frequencies driving the ac electrical current to near the surface of the material. When an external magnetic field is applied, the size of the magnetic permeability diminishes increasing the penetration of the ac electrical current in the magnetic material. Large variations are observed in both in-phase and out-of-phase components of the magnetoimpedance in applied magnetic fields close to","title":"Giant magnetoimpedance"},{"docid":"1425565","text":"an inductor to an alternating current. It is defined analogously to electrical resistance in a resistor, as the ratio of the amplitude (peak value) of the alternating voltage to current in the component Reactance has units of ohms. It can be seen that inductive reactance of an inductor increases proportionally with frequency formula_38, so an inductor conducts less current for a given applied AC voltage as the frequency increases. Because the induced voltage is greatest when the current is increasing, the voltage and current waveforms are out of phase; the voltage peaks occur earlier in each cycle than the current","title":"Inductance"},{"docid":"9620824","text":"\"leakage current\" or \"insulating resistance\" and are negligible for an AC specification. These AC losses are nonlinear and may depend on frequency, temperature, age, and for some special types, on humidity. The losses result from two physical conditions, The largest share of these losses in larger capacitors is usually the frequency dependent ohmic dielectric losses. Regarding the IEC 60384-1 standard, the ohmic losses of capacitors are measured at the same frequency used to measure capacitance. These are: Results of the summarized resistive losses of a capacitor may be specified either as equivalent series resistance (ESR), as dissipation factor (DF, tan","title":"Ceramic capacitor"},{"docid":"10380585","text":"by the manufacturer at DC and AC frequency assuming specific operating temperatures. The reasons that resistance changes with frequency are largely due to the skin effect, the proximity effect, and hysteresis loss. Depending on the geometry of the conductor as differentiated by the conductor name, these phenomena have varying degrees of affecting the overall resistance in the conductor at AC vs DC frequency. Often not tabulated with ACSR conductors is the electrical reactance of the conductor, which is due largely to the spacing between the other current carrying conductors and the conductor radius. The reactance of the conductor contributes significantly","title":"Aluminium-conductor steel-reinforced cable"},{"docid":"17526132","text":"polyphase winding is used and the pole-pieces of the rotor are shaped (claw-pole). Automotive alternators are usually belt-driven at 5-10 times crankshaft speed. The alternator runs at various RPM (which varies the frequency) since it is driven by the engine. This is not a problem because the alternating current is rectified to direct current. Despite their names, both 'DC generators' (or 'dynamos') and 'alternators' initially produce alternating current. In a so-called 'DC generator', this AC current is generated in the rotating armature, and then converted to DC by the commutator and brushes. In an 'alternator', the AC current is generated","title":"Alternator (automotive)"},{"docid":"2698691","text":"motors are especially useful in applications requiring precise speed and/or position control. Synchronous motor A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which, at steady state, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors contain multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator of the motor that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current. The rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with the stator field at the same rate","title":"Synchronous motor"},{"docid":"520350","text":"accurately calculate true power (watts), apparent power (VA) power factor, AC voltage, AC current, DC voltage, DC current, frequency, IEC61000-3-2/3-12 Harmonic measurement, IEC61000-3-3/3-11 flicker measurement, individual phase voltages in delta applications where there is no neutral line, total harmonic distortion, phase and amplitude of individual voltage or current harmonics, etc. English-language power engineering students are advised to remember: \"ELI the ICE man\" or \"ELI on ICE\" – the voltage E leads the current I in an inductor L; the current leads the voltage in a capacitor C. Another common mnemonic is CIVIL – in a capacitor (C) the current (I)","title":"Power factor"},{"docid":"2698668","text":"Synchronous motor A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which, at steady state, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors contain multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator of the motor that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current. The rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with the stator field at the same rate and as a result, provides the second synchronized rotating magnet field of","title":"Synchronous motor"},{"docid":"4831448","text":"and securing former investment, no evidence exists to stay with different current schemes in networks. Dedicated traction current lines are used when railways are supplied with low-frequency alternating current (AC). The traction current supply line is connected to substations along the line of the railway and is usually run separately from the overhead catenary wire from which the locomotives are fed. In countries in which the electric trains run with direct current or with single-phase alternating current with the frequency of the general power grid, the required conversion of the current is performed in the substations, so again no traction","title":"Traction power network"},{"docid":"6233049","text":"current\" is the RMS value of a superimposed AC current of any frequency and any waveform of the current curve for continuous operation at a specified temperature. It arises mainly in power supplies (including switched-mode power supplies) after rectifying an AC voltage and flows as charge and discharge current through the decoupling or smoothing capacitor. The \"rated ripple current\" shall not exceed a temperature rise of 3, 5 or 10 °C, depending on the capacitor type, at the specified maximum ambient temperature. Ripple current generates heat within the capacitor body due to the ESR of the capacitor. The ESR, composed","title":"Capacitor types"},{"docid":"919513","text":"research magnets, the windings are constructed as flat disks to resist the radial forces, and clamped in an axial direction to resist the axial ones. In alternating current (AC) electromagnets, used in transformers, inductors, and AC motors and generators, the magnetic field is constantly changing. This causes energy losses in their magnetic cores that is dissipated as heat in the core. The losses stem from two processes: The energy loss per cycle of the AC current is constant for each of these processes, so the power loss increases linearly with frequency. When a magnetic field higher than the ferromagnetic limit","title":"Electromagnet"},{"docid":"5127819","text":"plot or a Nyquist plot. Impedance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a complex system. A passive complex electrical system comprises both energy dissipater (resistor) and energy storage (capacitor) elements. If the system is purely resistive, then the opposition to AC or direct current (DC) is simply resistance. Materials or systems exhibiting multiple phases (such as composites or heterogeneous materials) commonly show a Universal dielectric response, whereby dielectric spectroscopy reveals a power law relationship between the impedance (or the inverse term, admittance) and the frequency, ω, of the applied AC field. Almost any physico-chemical system,","title":"Dielectric spectroscopy"},{"docid":"3928672","text":"lower voltage near stations where only slower operation was needed. A variant of the DC system was the AC operated series motor, which is essentially the same device but operated on alternating current. Since both the armature and field current reverse at the same time, the behavior of the motor is similar to that when energized with direct current. To achieve better operating conditions, AC railways were often supplied with current at a lower frequency than the commercial supply used for general lighting and power; special traction current power stations were used, or rotary converters used to convert 50 or","title":"Traction motor"},{"docid":"508027","text":"large coils. The alternating current output is in the low radio frequency range, usually between 50 kHz and 1 MHz. Although some oscillator-driven coils generate a continuous alternating current, most Tesla coils have a pulsed output; the high voltage consists of a rapid string of pulses of radio frequency alternating current. The common spark-excited Tesla coil circuit, shown below, consists of these components: The specialized transformer used in the Tesla coil circuit, called a resonant transformer, oscillation transformer or radio-frequency (RF) transformer, functions differently from an ordinary transformer used in AC power circuits. While an ordinary transformer is designed to","title":"Tesla coil"},{"docid":"10531705","text":"associated alternating magnetic field around it. The alternating magnetic field induces eddy currents in adjacent conductors, altering the overall distribution of current flowing through them. The result is that the current is concentrated in the areas of the conductor farthest away from nearby conductors carrying current in the same direction. The proximity effect can significantly increase the AC resistance of adjacent conductors when compared to its resistance to a DC current. The effect increases with frequency. At higher frequencies, the AC resistance of a conductor can easily exceed ten times its DC resistance. For example, if two wires carrying the","title":"Proximity effect (electromagnetism)"},{"docid":"1266069","text":"side; the electric field due to the accumulated charge is the source of the opposition to the current. When the potential associated with the charge exactly balances the applied voltage, the current goes to zero. Driven by an AC supply (ideal AC current source), a capacitor will only accumulate a limited amount of charge before the potential difference changes polarity and the charge is returned to the source. The higher the frequency, the less charge will accumulate and the smaller the opposition to the current. Inductive reactance is a property exhibited by an inductor, and inductive reactance exists based on","title":"Electrical reactance"},{"docid":"4157795","text":"Spectral induced polarisation Spectral induced polarization (SIP), or complex resistivity (CR) and also complex conductivity (CC), is a geophysical survey technique and an extension of the induced polarization (IP) method, being itself an extension of measuring the Earth's resistance at a single frequency or under direct current (DC) (a technique commonly known by the name resistivity). SIP measures the frequency-dependent (i.e. spectral) complex impedance, equivalent to the amount of resistance and phase shift between electric current and voltage. The usual frequency range for alternating current (AC) applied during SIP surveys is tens of kHz to MHz. As with other geophysical","title":"Spectral induced polarisation"},{"docid":"11548106","text":"current (AC), such as grid-connected applications need an inverter to convert the direct current (DC) from the solar modules to AC. Grid connected inverters must supply AC electricity in sinusoidal form, synchronized to the grid frequency, limit feed in voltage to no higher than the grid voltage and disconnect from the grid if the grid voltage is turned off. Islanding inverters need only produce regulated voltages and frequencies in a sinusoidal waveshape as no synchronisation or co-ordination with grid supplies is required. A solar inverter may connect to a string of solar panels. In some installations a solar micro-inverter is","title":"Photovoltaic system"},{"docid":"11094337","text":"typically includes conductor skin effects and eddy current losses). For wire sizes smaller than AWG No. 2 (), this term is generally regarded as insignificant. formula_8 is the effective thermal resistance between the conductor and the ambient conditions, which can require significant empirical or theoretical effort to estimate. With respect to the AC-sensitive terms, tabular presentation of the NM equation results in the National Electrical Code was developed assuming the standard North American power frequency of 60 hertz and sinusoidal wave forms for current and voltage. The challenges posed by the complexity of estimating RCA and of estimating the local","title":"Neher–McGrath method"},{"docid":"6516812","text":"Radiofrequency ablation Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current (in the range of 350–500 kHz). RFA is generally conducted in the outpatient setting, using either local anesthetics or conscious sedation anesthesia. When it is delivered via catheter, it is called radiofrequency catheter ablation. Two important advantages of radio frequency current (over previously used low frequency AC or pulses of DC) are that it does not directly stimulate nerves or heart muscle and therefore","title":"Radiofrequency ablation"},{"docid":"496487","text":"grid, also known as an \"interconnection\" in North America, directly connects a large number of generators delivering AC power with the same relative \"frequency\" to a large number of consumers. For example, there are four major interconnections in North America (the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, the Quebec Interconnection and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) grid). In Europe one large grid connects most of continental Europe. Historically, transmission and distribution lines were owned by the same company, but starting in the 1990s, many countries have liberalized the regulation of the electricity market in ways that have led to","title":"Electric power transmission"},{"docid":"4787259","text":"water. When a light switch is flipped, the electric wave travels very quickly through the wires. Charge flow speed (drift velocity) is equivalent to the particle speed of water. The moving charges themselves move rather slowly. DC is equivalent to the a constant flow of water in a circuit of pipes. Low frequency AC is equivalent to water oscillating back and forth in a pipe Higher-frequency AC and transmission lines is somewhat equivalent to sound being transmitted through the water pipes, though this does not properly mirror the cyclical reversal of alternating electric current. As described, the fluid flow conveys","title":"Hydraulic analogy"},{"docid":"195874","text":"other and the inductance is very small. This type has the advantage that it is continuously variable over a wide range. It is used in antenna tuners and matching circuits to match low frequency transmitters to their antennas. Another method to control the inductance without any moving parts requires an additional DC current bias winding which controls the permeability of an easily saturable core material. See Magnetic amplifier. A choke is an inductor designed specifically for blocking high-frequency alternating current (AC) in an electrical circuit, while allowing DC or low-frequency signals to pass. It usually consists of a coil of","title":"Inductor"},{"docid":"10380588","text":"nearby conductors the distribution of current within each conductor will be constrained to smaller regions. The resulting current crowding is termed as the proximity effect. This crowding gives an increase in the effective AC resistance of the circuit, with the effect at 60 Hertz being greater than at 50 Hertz. Geometry, conductivity, and frequency are factors in determining the amount of proximity effect. The proximity effect is result of a changing magnetic field which influences the distribution of an electric current flowing within an electrical conductor due to electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current (AC) flows through an isolated conductor,","title":"Aluminium-conductor steel-reinforced cable"},{"docid":"302659","text":"electrical effects related to alternating current as well as his wireless lighting system, using a demonstration he had previously performed throughout America and Europe; these included using high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp. An observer noted: Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor by demonstrating how to make a copper egg stand on end, using a device that he constructed known as the \"Egg of Columbus\" and introduced his new steam powered oscillator AC generator. In 1893, Edward Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company,","title":"Nikola Tesla"},{"docid":"3245750","text":"burning and damage, the zone of which is controlled by the frequency and power of the device. Some sources insist that electrosurgery be applied to surgery accomplished by high-frequency alternating current (AC) cutting, and that \"electrocautery\" be used only for the practice of cauterization with heated nichrome wires powered by direct current (DC), as in the handheld battery-operated portable cautery tools. Diathermy used in surgery is of typically two types. Burns from electrocautery generally arise from a faulty grounding pad or from an outbreak of a fire. Monopolar electrocautery works because radio frequency energy is concentrated by the surgical instrument's","title":"Diathermy"},{"docid":"16971790","text":"(until the 1970s) or thyristors (to the present day). In a line-commutated converter, the DC current does not change direction; it flows through a large inductance and can be considered almost constant. On the AC side, the converter behaves approximately as a current source, injecting both grid-frequency and harmonic currents into the AC network. For this reason, a line-commutated converter for HVDC is also considered as a \"current-source converter\". Because the direction of current cannot be varied, reversal of the direction of power flow (where required) is achieved by reversing the polarity of DC voltage at both stations. The basic","title":"HVDC converter"},{"docid":"11468200","text":"that permit them to be placed around a wire. Inside the probe, a coil wound around the core provides a current into an appropriate load, and the voltage across that load is proportional to current. However, this type of probe can sense AC, only. A more-sophisticated probe includes a magnetic flux sensor (Hall effect sensor) in the magnetic circuit. The probe connects to an amplifier, which feeds (low frequency) current into the coil to cancel the sensed field; the magnitude of that current provides the low-frequency part of the current waveform, right down to DC. The coil still picks up","title":"Oscilloscope"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"19661961\",\n \"text\": \"an independent AC grid for physical reasons. Because of its unique status, it is often functionally considered part of the Eastern Interconnection. The Quebec Interconnection is tied to the Eastern Interconnection with four high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), and with one variable-frequency transformers (VFTs) line, which isolate the unsynchronized AC frequencies of each side. The Alaska Interconnection is one of the three minor alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in North America. It is composed of two grids isolated from each other and from the rest of North American grids. Continental U.S. power transmission grid The electrical grid that\",\n \"title\": \"Continental U.S. power transmission grid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3034057\",\n \"text\": \"frequency. Power conversion systems often incorporate redundancy and voltage regulation. One way of classifying power conversion systems is according to whether the input and output are alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). The following devices can convert DC to DC: The following devices can convert DC to AC: The following devices can convert AC to DC: The following devices can convert AC to AC: There are also devices and methods to convert between power systems designed for single and three-phase operation. The standard power voltage and frequency varies from country to country and sometimes within a country. In North\",\n \"title\": \"Electric power conversion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7686675\",\n \"text\": \"found. The reactance and impedance of a capacitor are respectively where \\\"j\\\" is the imaginary unit and ω is the angular frequency of the sinusoidal signal. The −\\\"j\\\" phase indicates that the AC voltage \\\"V\\\" = \\\"ZI\\\" lags the AC current by 90°: the positive current phase corresponds to increasing voltage as the capacitor charges; zero current corresponds to instantaneous constant voltage, etc. Impedance decreases with increasing capacitance and increasing frequency. This implies that a higher-frequency signal or a larger capacitor results in a lower voltage amplitude per current amplitude—an AC \\\"short circuit\\\" or AC coupling. Conversely, for very low\",\n \"title\": \"Capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2702228\",\n \"text\": \"uniquely practical in any business or home in North America. Developed in 1933, The Hammond Organ uses a synchronous AC clock motor to maintain correct speed of its internal 'tone wheel' generator, thus keeping all notes pitch perfect, based on power-line frequency stability. Today, AC-power network operators regulate the daily average frequency so that clocks stay within a few seconds of correct time. In practice the nominal frequency is raised or lowered by a specific percentage to maintain synchronization. Over the course of a day, the average frequency is maintained at the nominal value within a few hundred parts per\",\n \"title\": \"Utility frequency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5252826\",\n \"text\": \"cannot be used, similarly if 50 Hz AC electrification is used then 50 Hz AC track circuits cannot be used. To accommodate this, AC track circuits use alternating current signals instead of direct current (DC) but typically, the AC frequency is in the range of audio frequencies, from 91 Hz up to 10 kHz. The relays are arranged to detect the selected frequency and to ignore DC and AC traction frequency signals. Again, failsafe principles dictate that the relay interprets the presence of the signal as unoccupied track, whereas a lack of a signal indicates the presence of a train.\",\n \"title\": \"Track circuit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"854503\",\n \"text\": \"type of PWM control. Home-use light dimmers typically include electronic circuitry which suppresses current flow during defined portions of each cycle of the AC line voltage. Adjusting the brightness of light emitted by a light source is then merely a matter of setting at what voltage (or phase) in the AC half-cycle the dimmer begins to provide electric current to the light source (e.g. by using an electronic switch such as a triac). In this case the PWM duty cycle is the ratio of the conduction time to the duration of the half AC cycle defined by the frequency of\",\n \"title\": \"Pulse-width modulation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16450718\",\n \"text\": \"weak link is given by the so-called DC Josephson relation The voltage over the contact is given by the AC Josephson relation The names of these relations (DC and AC relations) are misleading since they both hold in DC and AC situations. In the steady state (constant formula_5) Eq.(29) shows that \\\"V\\\"=0 while a nonzero current flows through the junction. In the case of a constant applied voltage (voltage bias) Eq.(29) can be integrated easily and gives Substitution in Eq.(28) gives This is an AC current. The frequency is called the Josephson frequency. One μV gives a frequency of about\",\n \"title\": \"Macroscopic quantum phenomena\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5807432\",\n \"text\": \"current (DC). The higher the frequency of the current, the smaller the depth to which the current penetrates, and the current is \\\"crowded\\\" into an increasingly smaller cross-sectional area along the surface, so the AC resistance of wire increases with frequency. The depth to which AC current penetrates in a conductor is determined by a parameter called the \\\"skin depth\\\", which is the depth at which the current is reduced to 37% of its surface value. The skin depth decreases with frequency. At low frequencies at which the skin depth is larger than the diameter of the wire, the skin\",\n \"title\": \"Litz wire\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13192765\",\n \"text\": \"applications like in power supplies, the capacitors work additionally as AC resistors to filter undesired AC components from voltage rails. For this (biased) AC function the frequency dependent AC resistance (impedance \\\"\\\"Z\\\"\\\") is as important as the capacitance value. The impedance is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current with both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency in an AC circuit. In this sense impedance is a measure of the ability of the capacitor to attenuate alternating currents and can be used like Ohms law The impedance is a frequency dependent AC resistance and possesses both magnitude\",\n \"title\": \"Tantalum capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11083892\",\n \"text\": \"load line can be drawn through the Q point. The AC load line is a straight line with a slope equal to the AC impedance facing the nonlinear device, which is in general different from the DC resistance. The ratio of AC voltage to current in the device is defined by this line. Because the impedance of the reactive components will vary with frequency, the slope of the AC load line depends on the frequency of the applied signal. So there are many AC load lines, that vary from the DC load line (at low frequency) to a limiting AC\",\n \"title\": \"Load line (electronics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4831537\",\n \"text\": \"Traction substation A traction substation, traction current converter plant or traction power substation (TPSS) is an electrical substation that converts electric power from the form provided by the electrical power industry for public utility service to an appropriate voltage, current type and frequency to supply railways, trams (streetcars) or trolleybuses with traction current. These systems can be used to convert three-phase 50Hz or 60Hz alternating current (AC) for the supply of AC railway electrification systems at a lower frequency and single phase, as used by many older systems, or to rectify AC into direct current (DC) for those systems (primarily\",\n \"title\": \"Traction substation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9055740\",\n \"text\": \"Load banks are used in a variety of applications, including: The three most common types of load banks are resistive, inductive, and capacitive. Both inductive and capacitive loads create what is known as reactance in an AC circuit. Reactance is a circuit element's opposition to an alternating current, caused by the buildup of electric or magnetic fields in the element due to the current and is the \\\"imaginary\\\" component of impedance, or the resistance to AC signals at a certain frequency. Capacitive reactance is equal to 1/(2⋅π⋅f⋅C), and inductive reactance is equal to 2⋅π⋅f⋅L. The unit of reactance is the\",\n \"title\": \"Load bank\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6644369\",\n \"text\": \"Choke (electronics) In electronics, a choke coil is an inductor used to block higher-frequency while passing lower-frequency of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) in an electrical circuit, A choke usually consists of a coil of insulated wire often wound on a magnetic core, although some consist of a doughnut-shaped \\\"bead\\\" of ferrite material strung on a wire. The choke's impedance increases with frequency. Its low electrical resistance passes both AC and DC with little power loss, but its reactance limits the amount of AC passed. The name comes from blocking—\\\"choking\\\"—high frequencies while passing low frequencies. It is a\",\n \"title\": \"Choke (electronics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13318674\",\n \"text\": \"as for traditional (radio or microwave) rectennas. Incident light on the antenna causes electrons in the antenna to move back and forth at the same frequency as the incoming light. This is caused by the oscillating electric field of the incoming electromagnetic wave. The movement of electrons is an alternating current (AC) in the antenna circuit. To convert this into direct current (DC), the AC must be rectified, which is typically done with a diode. The resulting DC current can then be used to power an external load. The resonant frequency of antennas (frequency which results in lowest impedance and\",\n \"title\": \"Optical rectenna\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15166087\",\n \"text\": \"spring. The vibration galvanometer is used for detecting alternating currents in the frequency of its natural resonance. Most common application is as a null indicating instrument in AC bridge circuits and current comparators. The sharp resonance of the vibration galvanometer makes it very sensitive to changes in the measured current frequency and it can be used as an accurate tuning device. The frequency-sensitive behaviour of the galvanometer allows their use as a crude frequency meter, commonly used for adjusting the speed of AC generator sets. The galvanometer is constructed as a number of moving-iron galvanometers, sharing the same excitation coil.\",\n \"title\": \"Vibration galvanometer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4831462\",\n \"text\": \"trains run with direct current or with single phase AC current with the frequency of the general power grid, the required conversion of the current is performed in the substations, so that in these countries no traction current lines are needed. Traction power network A traction network or traction power network is an electricity grid for the supply of electrified rail networks. The installation of a separate traction network generally is only done if the railway in question uses alternating current (AC) with a frequency lower than that of the national grid, such as in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Alternatively,\",\n \"title\": \"Traction power network\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6233034\",\n \"text\": \"the capacitor is used as a decoupling capacitor to filter or bypass undesired biased AC frequencies to the ground. Other applications use capacitors for capacitive coupling of AC signals; the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance is as important as the capacitance value. The frequency dependent AC resistance is called impedance formula_2 and is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current in an AC circuit. Impedance extends the concept of resistance to AC circuits and possesses both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency. This is unlike resistance, which has only\",\n \"title\": \"Capacitor types\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"711653\",\n \"text\": \"of the source frequency on the AC side and voltage harmonics of the source frequency on the DC side, due to switching behavior. While half-wave and full-wave rectification deliver unidirectional current, neither produces a constant voltage. There is a large AC ripple voltage component at the source frequency for a half-wave rectifier, and twice the source frequency for a full-wave rectifier. Ripple voltage is usually specified peak-to-peak. Producing steady DC from a rectified AC supply requires a smoothing circuit or filter. In its simplest form this can be just a capacitor (also called a filter, reservoir, or smoothing capacitor), choke,\",\n \"title\": \"Rectifier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1282600\",\n \"text\": \"current, but the higher frequency allows a much smaller inductance to be used. Others use a capacitor-transistor combination to replace the inductor, since a transistor and capacitor working together can . These ballasts take advantage of the higher efficacy of lamps operated with higher-frequency current, which rises by almost 10% at , compared to efficacy at normal power frequency. When the AC period is shorter than the relaxation time to de-ionize mercury atoms in the discharge column, the discharge stays closer to optimum operating condition. Electronic ballasts are commonly supplied with AC power, which is internally converted to DC and\",\n \"title\": \"Fluorescent lamp\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13930966\",\n \"text\": \"formula_184 magnetic flux, formula_185 Josephson junction quantum inductance and formula_186 Josephson junction current. DC Josephson equation for current: where formula_188 Josephson scale for current, formula_189 phase difference between superconductors. Current derivative on time variable will be: AC Josephson equation: where formula_192 reduced Planck constant, formula_193 Josephson magnetic flux quantum, formula_194 and formula_74 electron charge. Combining equations for derivatives yields junction voltage: where is the Devoret (1997) quantum inductance. AC Josephson equation for angular frequency: Resonance frequency for Josephson LC circuit: where formula_200 is the Devoret quantum capacitance, that can be defined as: Quantum wave impedance of Josephson junction: For formula_203mV\",\n \"title\": \"Quantum LC circuit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19056989\",\n \"text\": \"formula_13 , where formula_14 is approximately equal to 484 GHz/mV. The very high frequency and low level of this oscillation make it difficult to observe directly. However, if an AC current at frequency formula_1 is applied to the junction, the junction oscillation formula_16 tends to phase lock to the applied frequency. Under this phase lock, the average voltage across the junction equals formula_17. This effect, known as the AC Josephson effect, is observed as a constant voltage step at formula_18 in the voltage-current (I-V) curve of the junction. It is also possible for the junction to phase lock to harmonics\",\n \"title\": \"Josephson voltage standard\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2918140\",\n \"text\": \"the receiver. The induced alternating current may either drive the load directly, or be rectified to direct current (DC) by a rectifier in the receiver, which drives the load. A few systems, such as electric toothbrush charging stands, work at 50/60 Hz so AC mains current is applied directly to the transmitter coil, but in most systems an electronic oscillator generates a higher frequency AC current which drives the coil, because transmission efficiency improves with frequency. Inductive coupling is the oldest and most widely used wireless power technology, and virtually the only one so far which is used in commercial\",\n \"title\": \"Wireless power transfer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4140525\",\n \"text\": \"of incandescent light bulb. Electronic ballasts contain a small circuit board with a bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor and usually two switching transistors, which are often insulated-gate bipolar transistors. The incoming AC current is first rectified to DC, then converted to high frequency AC by the transistors, connected as a resonant series DC to AC inverter. The resulting high frequency is applied to the lamp tube. Since the resonant converter tends to stabilize lamp current (and light produced) over a range of input voltages, standard CFLs do not respond well in dimming applications and will experience a shorter lifespan and\",\n \"title\": \"Compact fluorescent lamp\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5250159\",\n \"text\": \"Frequency changer A frequency changer or frequency converter is an electronic or electromechanical device that converts alternating current (AC) of one frequency to alternating current of another frequency. The device may also change the voltage, but if it does, that is incidental to its principal purpose. Traditionally, these devices were electromechanical machines called a motor-generator set. Also devices with mercury arc rectifiers or vacuum tubes were in use. With the advent of solid state electronics, it has become possible to build completely electronic frequency changers. These devices usually consist of a rectifier stage (producing direct current) which is then inverted\",\n \"title\": \"Frequency changer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14712682\",\n \"text\": \"with layered electrodes and therefore they have a lower resonant frequency. This effect is amplified by multi-anode construction, in which individual inductances are reduced by their parallel connection and the \\\"face-down\\\" technique. A \\\"ripple current\\\" is the root mean square (RMS) value of a superimposed AC current of any frequency and any waveform of the current curve for continuous operation within the specified temperature range. It arises mainly in power supplies (including switched-mode power supplies) after rectifying an AC voltage and flows as charge and discharge current through the decoupling or smoothing capacitor. Ripple currents generates heat inside the capacitor\",\n \"title\": \"Polymer capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10239397\",\n \"text\": \"Synchronization (alternating current) In an alternating current electric power system, synchronization is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator or other source to a running network. An AC generator cannot deliver power to an electrical grid unless it is running at the same frequency as the network. If two segments of a grid are disconnected, they cannot exchange AC power again until they are brought back into exact synchronization. A direct current (DC) generator can be connected to a power network by adjusting its open-circuit terminal voltage to match the network voltage, by either adjusting its\",\n \"title\": \"Synchronization (alternating current)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4056457\",\n \"text\": \"Rotary converter A rotary converter is a type of electrical machine which acts as a mechanical rectifier, inverter or frequency converter. Rotary converters were used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), or DC to AC power, before the advent of chemical or solid state power rectification and inverting. They were commonly used to provide DC power for commercial, industrial and railway electrification from an AC power source. Rotary converters are still used as frequency converters. The rotary converter can be thought of as a motor-generator, where the two machines share a single rotating armature and set of\",\n \"title\": \"Rotary converter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4056466\",\n \"text\": \"used to balance the DC neutral wire. Rotary converter A rotary converter is a type of electrical machine which acts as a mechanical rectifier, inverter or frequency converter. Rotary converters were used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), or DC to AC power, before the advent of chemical or solid state power rectification and inverting. They were commonly used to provide DC power for commercial, industrial and railway electrification from an AC power source. Rotary converters are still used as frequency converters. The rotary converter can be thought of as a motor-generator, where the two machines share\",\n \"title\": \"Rotary converter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18462431\",\n \"text\": \"is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance is as important as the capacitance value. The impedance is the vector sum of reactance and resistance; it describes the phase difference and the ratio of amplitudes between sinusoidally varying voltage and sinusoidally varying current at a given frequency in an AC circuit. In this sense impedance can be used like Ohm's law In other words, impedance is a frequency-dependent AC resistance and possesses both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency. In capacitor data sheets, only the impedance magnitude |Z| is specified, and simply written\",\n \"title\": \"Aluminum electrolytic capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4831540\",\n \"text\": \"as well as parts of Great Britain. A List of railway electrification systems provides further detail. Traction substation A traction substation, traction current converter plant or traction power substation (TPSS) is an electrical substation that converts electric power from the form provided by the electrical power industry for public utility service to an appropriate voltage, current type and frequency to supply railways, trams (streetcars) or trolleybuses with traction current. These systems can be used to convert three-phase 50Hz or 60Hz alternating current (AC) for the supply of AC railway electrification systems at a lower frequency and single phase, as used\",\n \"title\": \"Traction substation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5910116\",\n \"text\": \"classical converters are still used at the higher end of the power rating range of these applications. CCV operation creates current and voltage \\\"harmonics\\\" on the CCV's input and output. AC line harmonics are created on CCV's input accordance to the equation, where Cycloconverter A cycloconverter (CCV) or a cycloinverter converts a constant voltage, constant frequency AC waveform to another AC waveform of a lower frequency by synthesizing the output waveform from segments of the AC supply without an intermediate DC link ( and ). There are two main types of CCVs, circulating current type or blocking mode type, most\",\n \"title\": \"Cycloconverter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16129823\",\n \"text\": \"variation in AC frequency ideally within the allowable frequency range of that system. i.e. A 50 Hz system may allow a ±0.5 Hz deviation in the frequency of the AC voltage The grid frequency is the combined result of the detailed motions of all individual synchronous rotors in the grid, which are modeled by a general equation of motion called the Swing Equation. When the grid frequency is too high or too low, active power flow through the high-voltage direct current link will be ramped down or up. In turn, the wind generation will increase or decrease the blade angles\",\n \"title\": \"Inertial response\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"522253\",\n \"text\": \"case, integrating the differential equation above leads to a \\\"Const\\\" term for the current, that represents a fixed DC bias flowing through the inductor. This is set to zero because AC analysis using frequency domain impedance considers one frequency at a time and DC represents a separate frequency of zero hertz in this context. Impedance defined in terms of \\\"jω\\\" can strictly be applied only to circuits that are driven with a steady-state AC signal. The concept of impedance can be extended to a circuit energised with any arbitrary signal by using complex frequency instead of \\\"jω\\\". Complex frequency is\",\n \"title\": \"Electrical impedance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6233046\",\n \"text\": \"represents the effect of electrical resistance and characterizes a resonator's bandwidth formula_30 relative to its center or resonant frequency formula_31. Q is defined as the reciprocal value of the dissipation factor. A high Q value is for resonant circuits a mark of the quality of the resonance. A capacitor can act as an AC resistor, coupling AC voltage and AC current between two points. Every AC current flow through a capacitor generates heat inside the capacitor body. These dissipation power loss formula_33 is caused by formula_34 and is the squared value of the effective (RMS) current formula_35 The same power\",\n \"title\": \"Capacitor types\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8049554\",\n \"text\": \"excited rotor winding. The synchronous motor produces its rated torque at exactly synchronous speed. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed synchronous motor system has an independently excited rotor winding that does not rely on the principles of slip-induction of current. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed motor is a synchronous motor that can function exactly at the supply frequency or sub to super multiple of the supply frequency. Other types of motors include eddy current motors, and AC and DC mechanically commutated machines in which speed is dependent on voltage and winding connection. Alternating current technology was rooted in Michael Faraday's and\",\n \"title\": \"AC motor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4831461\",\n \"text\": \"conductors are used: for example in, Germany, in cases where the traction current line is carried on pylons together with three phase AC current, like the line to the nuclear power station at Neckarwestheim. Similarly, in Austria there are some traction current lines equipped with two earth ropes. In Sweden, Norway and some areas of the former GDR three phase AC-current from the public grid is converted into single phase AC current with a frequency of 16.7 Hz in substations close to the railways. In these regions there are no traction current lines. Also in countries in which the electric\",\n \"title\": \"Traction power network\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5494899\",\n \"text\": \"to CBS Radio-owned 103.7 KVIL contemporizing its playlist to focus on 1990s to current product (with an Adult Top 40 lean) before Mediabase moved the station to \\\"Hot AC\\\" a year later (as of October 2016, KVIL has switched to CHR/Top 40 full-time). As of December 26, 2016, KDGE (102.1) in Fort Worth serves as the official \\\"AC\\\" station for DFW. KLAK (97.5) in Tom Bean, Texas was another \\\"AC\\\" station that served areas north and east of the metroplex until it migrated to a \\\"Hot AC\\\" fare themselves in November 2017. The 94.9 frequency has a rich history, long\",\n \"title\": \"KLTY\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3784679\",\n \"text\": \"amplitude in the linear region, ma less than or equal to one, is '. The maximum achievable line voltage amplitude is ' The only way to control the load voltage is by changing the input DC voltage. Current source inverters convert DC current into an AC current waveform. In applications requiring sinusoidal AC waveforms, magnitude, frequency, and phase should all be controlled. CSIs have high changes in current over time, so capacitors are commonly employed on the AC side, while inductors are commonly employed on the DC side. Due to the absence of freewheeling diodes, the power circuit is reduced\",\n \"title\": \"Power electronics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20606614\",\n \"text\": \"and low frequency alternating current (AC), but not much was known about frequencies above 20 kHz, what are now called radio frequencies. In 1887, four years previously, Heinrich Hertz had discovered Hertzian waves (radio waves), electromagnetic waves which oscillated at very high frequencies. This attracted much attention, and a number of researchers began experimenting with high frequency currents. Tesla's background was in the new field of alternating current power systems, so he understood transformers and resonance. In 1888 he decided that high frequencies were the most promising field for research, and set up a laboratory at 33 South Fifth Avenue,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Tesla coil\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2061955\",\n \"text\": \"hot, and thereby recovered energy that could be used to accelerate again. The main disadvantage of regenerative brakes when compared with dynamic brakes is the need to closely match the generated current with the supply characteristics and increased maintenance cost of the lines. With DC supplies, this requires that the voltage be closely controlled. The AC power supply and frequency converter pioneer Miro Zorič and his first AC power electronics have also enabled this to be possible with AC supplies. The supply frequency must also be matched (this mainly applies to locomotives where an AC supply is rectified for DC\",\n \"title\": \"Regenerative brake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"532129\",\n \"text\": \"to: For 230 V AC, the peak voltage formula_33 is therefore formula_34, which is about 325 V. During the course of one cycle the voltage rises from zero to 325 V, falls through zero to -325 V, and returns to zero. Alternating current is used to transmit information, as in the cases of telephone and cable television. Information signals are carried over a wide range of AC frequencies. POTS telephone signals have a frequency of about 3 kHz, close to the baseband audio frequency. Cable television and other cable-transmitted information currents may alternate at frequencies of tens to thousands of\",\n \"title\": \"Alternating current\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9620821\",\n \"text\": \"This guaranteed voltage proof is tested according to the voltages shown in the adjacent table. Furthermore, in periodic life time tests (endurance tests) the voltage proof of ceramic capacitors is tested with increased test voltage (120 to 150% of U) to ensure safe construction. The frequency dependent AC resistance of a capacitor is called impedance formula_2 and is a complex ratio of voltage to current in an AC circuit. Impedance extends the concept of Ohm's law to AC circuits, and possesses both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude. Impedance is a measure of\",\n \"title\": \"Ceramic capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4831455\",\n \"text\": \"Station. In the United Kingdom, the Network Rail 750 V DC electrification system in the southeast of England is supplied with power from an extensive 33 kV power distribution network. Traction current lines are used to power the railway systems of countries which use alternating current of a lower frequency than the public supply. This is typically the case in the German-speaking countries of Europe. For example, 16.7 Hz AC is used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. A specific example is the Mariazeller narrow gauge railway in Austria, operating with single phase AC with a frequency of 25 Hz, which\",\n \"title\": \"Traction power network\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2214203\",\n \"text\": \"coupling of audio AC signals. Then the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance, is as important as the capacitance value. The impedance \\\"Z\\\" is the vector sum of reactance and resistance; it describes the phase difference and the ratio of amplitudes between sinusoidally varying voltage and sinusoidally varying current at a given frequency. In this sense impedance is a measure of the ability of the capacitor to pass alternating currents and can be used like Ohm's law. In other words, the impedance is a frequency-dependent AC resistance and possesses both magnitude\",\n \"title\": \"Electrolytic capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5518830\",\n \"text\": \"offset between a probe tip and a surface can be measured using the same principle as a macroscopic Kelvin probe. The cantilever in the AFM is a reference electrode that forms a capacitor with the surface, over which it is scanned laterally at a constant separation. The cantilever is not piezoelectrically driven at its mechanical resonance frequency ω as in normal AFM although an alternating current (AC) voltage is applied at this frequency. When there is a direct-current (DC) potential difference between the tip and the surface, the AC+DC voltage offset will cause the cantilever to vibrate. The origin of\",\n \"title\": \"Kelvin probe force microscope\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2702207\",\n \"text\": \"N in RPM is calculated using the formula, where f is the frequency in Hertz and P is the number of poles. Direct-current power was not entirely displaced by alternating current and was useful in railway and electrochemical processes. Prior to the development of mercury arc valve rectifiers, rotary converters were used to produce DC power from AC. Like other commutator-type machines, these worked better with lower frequencies. With AC, transformers can be used to step down high transmission voltages to lower customer utilization voltage. The transformer is effectively a voltage conversion device with no moving parts and requiring little\",\n \"title\": \"Utility frequency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2578713\",\n \"text\": \"the sine of the phase difference across the insulator, and may take values between formula_10 and formula_7. With a fixed voltage formula_12 across the junction, the phase will vary linearly with time and the current will be an AC current with amplitude formula_7 and frequency formula_14. The complete expression for the current drive formula_15 becomes: This means a Josephson junction can act as a perfect voltage-to-frequency converter. If the phase takes the form formula_17, the voltage and current will be The DC components will then be Hence, for distinct AC voltages, the junction may carry a DC current and the\",\n \"title\": \"Josephson effect\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2698669\",\n \"text\": \"any AC motor. A synchronous motor is termed \\\"doubly fed\\\" if it is supplied with independently excited multiphase AC electromagnets on both the rotor and stator. The synchronous motor and induction motor are the most widely used types of AC motor. The difference between the two types is that the synchronous motor rotates at a rate locked to the line frequency since it does not rely on current induction to produce the rotor's magnetic field. By contrast, the induction motor requires \\\"slip\\\": the rotor must rotate slightly slower than the AC alternations in order to induce current in the rotor\",\n \"title\": \"Synchronous motor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"195878\",\n \"text\": \"energised from an AC source is called the reactance and is denoted \\\"X\\\". Thus, Reactance is measured in ohms but referred to as \\\"impedance\\\" rather than resistance; energy is stored in the magnetic field as current rises and discharged as current falls. Inductive reactance is proportional to frequency. At low frequency the reactance falls; at DC, the inductor behaves as a short-circuit. As frequency increases the reactance increases and at a sufficiently high frequency the reactance approaches that of an open circuit. In filtering applications,with respect to a particular load impedance, an inductor has a corner frequency defined as: When\",\n \"title\": \"Inductor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2736724\",\n \"text\": \"counting and sizing virtually any kind of cells and particles. The label-free technology has recently been enhanced by a \\\"lab-on-a-chip\\\" based approach and by applying high frequency alternating current (AC) in the radio frequency range (from 100 kHz to 30 MHz) instead of a static direct current (DC) or low frequency AC field. This patented technology allows a highly accurate cell analysis and provides additional information like membrane capacitance and viability. The relatively small size and robustness allow battery powered on-site use in the field. The technology has applications in a number of fields, including molecular biology, pathology, immunology, virology,\",\n \"title\": \"Flow cytometry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1282574\",\n \"text\": \"to 25 W/ft) for T12 lamps. The simplest ballast for alternating current (AC) use is an inductor placed in series, consisting of a winding on a laminated magnetic core. The inductance of this winding limits the flow of AC current. This type is still used, for example, in 120 volt operated desk lamps using relatively short lamps. Ballasts are rated for the size of lamp and power frequency. Where the AC voltage is insufficient to start long fluorescent lamps, the ballast is often a step-up autotransformer with substantial leakage inductance (so as to limit the current flow). Either form of\",\n \"title\": \"Fluorescent lamp\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9279044\",\n \"text\": \"recent wind turbine control systems deliberately pull less electrical power than they possibly could in most circumstances, in order to provide other benefits, which include: The generator in a wind turbine produces alternating current (AC) electricity. Some turbines drive an AC/AC converter—which converts the AC to direct current (DC) with a rectifier and then back to AC with an inverter—in order to match the frequency and phase of the grid. However, the most common method in large modern turbines is to instead use a doubly fed induction generator directly connected to the electricity grid. A useful technique to connect a\",\n \"title\": \"Wind turbine design\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11736138\",\n \"text\": \"the sample to function as a resistive heater and a resistance temperature detector (RTD). The heater is driven with AC current at frequency ω, which induces periodic joule heating at frequency 2ω due to the oscillation of the AC signal during a single period. There will be some delay between the heating of the sample and the temperature response which is dependent upon the thermal properties of the sensor/sample. This temperature response is measured by logging the amplitude and phase delay of the AC voltage signal from the heater across a range of frequencies (generally accomplished using a lock-in-amplifier). Note,\",\n \"title\": \"Thermal conductivity measurement\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5910112\",\n \"text\": \"Cycloconverter A cycloconverter (CCV) or a cycloinverter converts a constant voltage, constant frequency AC waveform to another AC waveform of a lower frequency by synthesizing the output waveform from segments of the AC supply without an intermediate DC link ( and ). There are two main types of CCVs, circulating current type or blocking mode type, most commercial high power products being of the blocking mode type. Whereas phase-controlled SCR switching devices can be used throughout the range of CCVs, low cost, low-power TRIAC-based CCVs are inherently reserved for resistive load applications. The amplitude and frequency of converters' output voltage\",\n \"title\": \"Cycloconverter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6233042\",\n \"text\": \"(100 nF or less) capacitors rated for high frequencies, a large electrolytic capacitor rated for lower frequencies and occasionally, an intermediate value capacitor. The summarized losses in discrete capacitors are ohmic AC losses. DC losses are specified as \\\"leakage current\\\" or \\\"insulating resistance\\\" and are negligible for an AC specification. AC losses are non-linear, possibly depending on frequency, temperature, age or humidity. The losses result from two physical conditions: The largest share of these losses in larger capacitors is usually the frequency dependent ohmic dielectric losses. For smaller components, especially for wet electrolytic capacitors, conductivity of liquid electrolytes may exceed\",\n \"title\": \"Capacitor types\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10239407\",\n \"text\": \"relationship between the supply frequency, \\\"f\\\", the number of poles, \\\"p\\\", and the synchronous speed (speed of rotating field), \\\"n\\\" is given by: In the following table, frequencies are shown in hertz (Hz) and rotational speeds in revolutions per minute (rpm): Synchronization (alternating current) In an alternating current electric power system, synchronization is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator or other source to a running network. An AC generator cannot deliver power to an electrical grid unless it is running at the same frequency as the network. If two segments of a grid are disconnected,\",\n \"title\": \"Synchronization (alternating current)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13249627\",\n \"text\": \"all of the cab signal current so that following trains might receive an incorrect aspect. Trains of this type must be given absolute block protection to the rear. Where DC and 25 Hz AC electrification co-exist, the standard 100 Hz frequency is changed to 91⅔ Hz (next available M-G set frequency). This avoids even harmonics created by the return rail's DC traction current offsetting the AC return sine wave in the same rail. 70 years after pulse code cab signals had been introduced, the 4 speed design was found to be insufficient for speeds not envisioned when the system was\",\n \"title\": \"Pulse code cab signaling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4291708\",\n \"text\": \"matter what the load. Saturable reactors at mains (line) frequency are larger, heavier, and more expensive than electronic power controllers developed after the introduction of semiconductor electronic components, and have largely been replaced by thyristor dimmers using triacs or SCRs. Saturable reactor A saturable reactor in electrical engineering is a special form of inductor where the magnetic core can be deliberately saturated by a direct electric current in a control winding. Once saturated, the inductance of the saturable reactor drops dramatically. This decreases inductive reactance and allows increased flow of the alternating current (AC). Saturable reactors provide a very simple\",\n \"title\": \"Saturable reactor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6233041\",\n \"text\": \"called the self-resonant frequency. The self-resonant frequency is the lowest frequency at which the impedance passes through a minimum. For any AC application the self-resonant frequency is the highest frequency at which capacitors can be used as a capacitive component. This is critically important for decoupling high-speed logic circuits from the power supply. The decoupling capacitor supplies transient current to the chip. Without decouplers, the IC demands current faster than the connection to the power supply can supply it, as parts of the circuit rapidly switch on and off. To counter this potential problem, circuits frequently use multiple bypass capacitors—small\",\n \"title\": \"Capacitor types\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15280035\",\n \"text\": \"the magnetic permeability and the frequency of the ac electrical current. Thus, in materials with very high values of magnetic permeability, such as soft-ferromagnetic materials, the penetration-length can be much less than the thickness of the conductor even for moderate values of frequencies driving the ac electrical current to near the surface of the material. When an external magnetic field is applied, the size of the magnetic permeability diminishes increasing the penetration of the ac electrical current in the magnetic material. Large variations are observed in both in-phase and out-of-phase components of the magnetoimpedance in applied magnetic fields close to\",\n \"title\": \"Giant magnetoimpedance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1425565\",\n \"text\": \"an inductor to an alternating current. It is defined analogously to electrical resistance in a resistor, as the ratio of the amplitude (peak value) of the alternating voltage to current in the component Reactance has units of ohms. It can be seen that inductive reactance of an inductor increases proportionally with frequency formula_38, so an inductor conducts less current for a given applied AC voltage as the frequency increases. Because the induced voltage is greatest when the current is increasing, the voltage and current waveforms are out of phase; the voltage peaks occur earlier in each cycle than the current\",\n \"title\": \"Inductance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9620824\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"leakage current\\\" or \\\"insulating resistance\\\" and are negligible for an AC specification. These AC losses are nonlinear and may depend on frequency, temperature, age, and for some special types, on humidity. The losses result from two physical conditions, The largest share of these losses in larger capacitors is usually the frequency dependent ohmic dielectric losses. Regarding the IEC 60384-1 standard, the ohmic losses of capacitors are measured at the same frequency used to measure capacitance. These are: Results of the summarized resistive losses of a capacitor may be specified either as equivalent series resistance (ESR), as dissipation factor (DF, tan\",\n \"title\": \"Ceramic capacitor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10380585\",\n \"text\": \"by the manufacturer at DC and AC frequency assuming specific operating temperatures. The reasons that resistance changes with frequency are largely due to the skin effect, the proximity effect, and hysteresis loss. Depending on the geometry of the conductor as differentiated by the conductor name, these phenomena have varying degrees of affecting the overall resistance in the conductor at AC vs DC frequency. Often not tabulated with ACSR conductors is the electrical reactance of the conductor, which is due largely to the spacing between the other current carrying conductors and the conductor radius. The reactance of the conductor contributes significantly\",\n \"title\": \"Aluminium-conductor steel-reinforced cable\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17526132\",\n \"text\": \"polyphase winding is used and the pole-pieces of the rotor are shaped (claw-pole). Automotive alternators are usually belt-driven at 5-10 times crankshaft speed. The alternator runs at various RPM (which varies the frequency) since it is driven by the engine. This is not a problem because the alternating current is rectified to direct current. Despite their names, both 'DC generators' (or 'dynamos') and 'alternators' initially produce alternating current. In a so-called 'DC generator', this AC current is generated in the rotating armature, and then converted to DC by the commutator and brushes. In an 'alternator', the AC current is generated\",\n \"title\": \"Alternator (automotive)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2698691\",\n \"text\": \"motors are especially useful in applications requiring precise speed and/or position control. Synchronous motor A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which, at steady state, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors contain multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator of the motor that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current. The rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with the stator field at the same rate\",\n \"title\": \"Synchronous motor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"520350\",\n \"text\": \"accurately calculate true power (watts), apparent power (VA) power factor, AC voltage, AC current, DC voltage, DC current, frequency, IEC61000-3-2/3-12 Harmonic measurement, IEC61000-3-3/3-11 flicker measurement, individual phase voltages in delta applications where there is no neutral line, total harmonic distortion, phase and amplitude of individual voltage or current harmonics, etc. English-language power engineering students are advised to remember: \\\"ELI the ICE man\\\" or \\\"ELI on ICE\\\" – the voltage E leads the current I in an inductor L; the current leads the voltage in a capacitor C. Another common mnemonic is CIVIL – in a capacitor (C) the current (I)\",\n \"title\": \"Power factor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2698668\",\n \"text\": \"Synchronous motor A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which, at steady state, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors contain multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator of the motor that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current. The rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with the stator field at the same rate and as a result, provides the second synchronized rotating magnet field of\",\n \"title\": \"Synchronous motor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4831448\",\n \"text\": \"and securing former investment, no evidence exists to stay with different current schemes in networks. Dedicated traction current lines are used when railways are supplied with low-frequency alternating current (AC). The traction current supply line is connected to substations along the line of the railway and is usually run separately from the overhead catenary wire from which the locomotives are fed. In countries in which the electric trains run with direct current or with single-phase alternating current with the frequency of the general power grid, the required conversion of the current is performed in the substations, so again no traction\",\n \"title\": \"Traction power network\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6233049\",\n \"text\": \"current\\\" is the RMS value of a superimposed AC current of any frequency and any waveform of the current curve for continuous operation at a specified temperature. It arises mainly in power supplies (including switched-mode power supplies) after rectifying an AC voltage and flows as charge and discharge current through the decoupling or smoothing capacitor. The \\\"rated ripple current\\\" shall not exceed a temperature rise of 3, 5 or 10 °C, depending on the capacitor type, at the specified maximum ambient temperature. Ripple current generates heat within the capacitor body due to the ESR of the capacitor. The ESR, composed\",\n \"title\": \"Capacitor types\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"919513\",\n \"text\": \"research magnets, the windings are constructed as flat disks to resist the radial forces, and clamped in an axial direction to resist the axial ones. In alternating current (AC) electromagnets, used in transformers, inductors, and AC motors and generators, the magnetic field is constantly changing. This causes energy losses in their magnetic cores that is dissipated as heat in the core. The losses stem from two processes: The energy loss per cycle of the AC current is constant for each of these processes, so the power loss increases linearly with frequency. When a magnetic field higher than the ferromagnetic limit\",\n \"title\": \"Electromagnet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5127819\",\n \"text\": \"plot or a Nyquist plot. Impedance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a complex system. A passive complex electrical system comprises both energy dissipater (resistor) and energy storage (capacitor) elements. If the system is purely resistive, then the opposition to AC or direct current (DC) is simply resistance. Materials or systems exhibiting multiple phases (such as composites or heterogeneous materials) commonly show a Universal dielectric response, whereby dielectric spectroscopy reveals a power law relationship between the impedance (or the inverse term, admittance) and the frequency, ω, of the applied AC field. Almost any physico-chemical system,\",\n \"title\": \"Dielectric spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3928672\",\n \"text\": \"lower voltage near stations where only slower operation was needed. A variant of the DC system was the AC operated series motor, which is essentially the same device but operated on alternating current. Since both the armature and field current reverse at the same time, the behavior of the motor is similar to that when energized with direct current. To achieve better operating conditions, AC railways were often supplied with current at a lower frequency than the commercial supply used for general lighting and power; special traction current power stations were used, or rotary converters used to convert 50 or\",\n \"title\": \"Traction motor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"508027\",\n \"text\": \"large coils. The alternating current output is in the low radio frequency range, usually between 50 kHz and 1 MHz. Although some oscillator-driven coils generate a continuous alternating current, most Tesla coils have a pulsed output; the high voltage consists of a rapid string of pulses of radio frequency alternating current. The common spark-excited Tesla coil circuit, shown below, consists of these components: The specialized transformer used in the Tesla coil circuit, called a resonant transformer, oscillation transformer or radio-frequency (RF) transformer, functions differently from an ordinary transformer used in AC power circuits. While an ordinary transformer is designed to\",\n \"title\": \"Tesla coil\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10531705\",\n \"text\": \"associated alternating magnetic field around it. The alternating magnetic field induces eddy currents in adjacent conductors, altering the overall distribution of current flowing through them. The result is that the current is concentrated in the areas of the conductor farthest away from nearby conductors carrying current in the same direction. The proximity effect can significantly increase the AC resistance of adjacent conductors when compared to its resistance to a DC current. The effect increases with frequency. At higher frequencies, the AC resistance of a conductor can easily exceed ten times its DC resistance. For example, if two wires carrying the\",\n \"title\": \"Proximity effect (electromagnetism)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1266069\",\n \"text\": \"side; the electric field due to the accumulated charge is the source of the opposition to the current. When the potential associated with the charge exactly balances the applied voltage, the current goes to zero. Driven by an AC supply (ideal AC current source), a capacitor will only accumulate a limited amount of charge before the potential difference changes polarity and the charge is returned to the source. The higher the frequency, the less charge will accumulate and the smaller the opposition to the current. Inductive reactance is a property exhibited by an inductor, and inductive reactance exists based on\",\n \"title\": \"Electrical reactance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4157795\",\n \"text\": \"Spectral induced polarisation Spectral induced polarization (SIP), or complex resistivity (CR) and also complex conductivity (CC), is a geophysical survey technique and an extension of the induced polarization (IP) method, being itself an extension of measuring the Earth's resistance at a single frequency or under direct current (DC) (a technique commonly known by the name resistivity). SIP measures the frequency-dependent (i.e. spectral) complex impedance, equivalent to the amount of resistance and phase shift between electric current and voltage. The usual frequency range for alternating current (AC) applied during SIP surveys is tens of kHz to MHz. As with other geophysical\",\n \"title\": \"Spectral induced polarisation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11548106\",\n \"text\": \"current (AC), such as grid-connected applications need an inverter to convert the direct current (DC) from the solar modules to AC. Grid connected inverters must supply AC electricity in sinusoidal form, synchronized to the grid frequency, limit feed in voltage to no higher than the grid voltage and disconnect from the grid if the grid voltage is turned off. Islanding inverters need only produce regulated voltages and frequencies in a sinusoidal waveshape as no synchronisation or co-ordination with grid supplies is required. A solar inverter may connect to a string of solar panels. In some installations a solar micro-inverter is\",\n \"title\": \"Photovoltaic system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11094337\",\n \"text\": \"typically includes conductor skin effects and eddy current losses). For wire sizes smaller than AWG No. 2 (), this term is generally regarded as insignificant. formula_8 is the effective thermal resistance between the conductor and the ambient conditions, which can require significant empirical or theoretical effort to estimate. With respect to the AC-sensitive terms, tabular presentation of the NM equation results in the National Electrical Code was developed assuming the standard North American power frequency of 60 hertz and sinusoidal wave forms for current and voltage. The challenges posed by the complexity of estimating RCA and of estimating the local\",\n \"title\": \"Neher–McGrath method\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6516812\",\n \"text\": \"Radiofrequency ablation Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current (in the range of 350–500 kHz). RFA is generally conducted in the outpatient setting, using either local anesthetics or conscious sedation anesthesia. When it is delivered via catheter, it is called radiofrequency catheter ablation. Two important advantages of radio frequency current (over previously used low frequency AC or pulses of DC) are that it does not directly stimulate nerves or heart muscle and therefore\",\n \"title\": \"Radiofrequency ablation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"496487\",\n \"text\": \"grid, also known as an \\\"interconnection\\\" in North America, directly connects a large number of generators delivering AC power with the same relative \\\"frequency\\\" to a large number of consumers. For example, there are four major interconnections in North America (the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, the Quebec Interconnection and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) grid). In Europe one large grid connects most of continental Europe. Historically, transmission and distribution lines were owned by the same company, but starting in the 1990s, many countries have liberalized the regulation of the electricity market in ways that have led to\",\n \"title\": \"Electric power transmission\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4787259\",\n \"text\": \"water. When a light switch is flipped, the electric wave travels very quickly through the wires. Charge flow speed (drift velocity) is equivalent to the particle speed of water. The moving charges themselves move rather slowly. DC is equivalent to the a constant flow of water in a circuit of pipes. Low frequency AC is equivalent to water oscillating back and forth in a pipe Higher-frequency AC and transmission lines is somewhat equivalent to sound being transmitted through the water pipes, though this does not properly mirror the cyclical reversal of alternating electric current. As described, the fluid flow conveys\",\n \"title\": \"Hydraulic analogy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"195874\",\n \"text\": \"other and the inductance is very small. This type has the advantage that it is continuously variable over a wide range. It is used in antenna tuners and matching circuits to match low frequency transmitters to their antennas. Another method to control the inductance without any moving parts requires an additional DC current bias winding which controls the permeability of an easily saturable core material. See Magnetic amplifier. A choke is an inductor designed specifically for blocking high-frequency alternating current (AC) in an electrical circuit, while allowing DC or low-frequency signals to pass. It usually consists of a coil of\",\n \"title\": \"Inductor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10380588\",\n \"text\": \"nearby conductors the distribution of current within each conductor will be constrained to smaller regions. The resulting current crowding is termed as the proximity effect. This crowding gives an increase in the effective AC resistance of the circuit, with the effect at 60 Hertz being greater than at 50 Hertz. Geometry, conductivity, and frequency are factors in determining the amount of proximity effect. The proximity effect is result of a changing magnetic field which influences the distribution of an electric current flowing within an electrical conductor due to electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current (AC) flows through an isolated conductor,\",\n \"title\": \"Aluminium-conductor steel-reinforced cable\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"302659\",\n \"text\": \"electrical effects related to alternating current as well as his wireless lighting system, using a demonstration he had previously performed throughout America and Europe; these included using high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp. An observer noted: Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor by demonstrating how to make a copper egg stand on end, using a device that he constructed known as the \\\"Egg of Columbus\\\" and introduced his new steam powered oscillator AC generator. In 1893, Edward Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company,\",\n \"title\": \"Nikola Tesla\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3245750\",\n \"text\": \"burning and damage, the zone of which is controlled by the frequency and power of the device. Some sources insist that electrosurgery be applied to surgery accomplished by high-frequency alternating current (AC) cutting, and that \\\"electrocautery\\\" be used only for the practice of cauterization with heated nichrome wires powered by direct current (DC), as in the handheld battery-operated portable cautery tools. Diathermy used in surgery is of typically two types. Burns from electrocautery generally arise from a faulty grounding pad or from an outbreak of a fire. Monopolar electrocautery works because radio frequency energy is concentrated by the surgical instrument's\",\n \"title\": \"Diathermy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16971790\",\n \"text\": \"(until the 1970s) or thyristors (to the present day). In a line-commutated converter, the DC current does not change direction; it flows through a large inductance and can be considered almost constant. On the AC side, the converter behaves approximately as a current source, injecting both grid-frequency and harmonic currents into the AC network. For this reason, a line-commutated converter for HVDC is also considered as a \\\"current-source converter\\\". Because the direction of current cannot be varied, reversal of the direction of power flow (where required) is achieved by reversing the polarity of DC voltage at both stations. The basic\",\n \"title\": \"HVDC converter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11468200\",\n \"text\": \"that permit them to be placed around a wire. Inside the probe, a coil wound around the core provides a current into an appropriate load, and the voltage across that load is proportional to current. However, this type of probe can sense AC, only. A more-sophisticated probe includes a magnetic flux sensor (Hall effect sensor) in the magnetic circuit. The probe connects to an amplifier, which feeds (low frequency) current into the coil to cancel the sensed field; the magnitude of that current provides the low-frequency part of the current waveform, right down to DC. The coil still picks up\",\n \"title\": \"Oscilloscope\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":98,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"100"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when did zebra mussels come to north america"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1988"],"string":"[\n \"1988\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2709268","text":"reporting having problems with their water treatment plants with the mussels attaching themselves to pipeworks. Anglian Water has estimated that it costs £500,000 per year to remove the mussels from their treatment plants. It has been argued that zebra mussels have also had an effect on fish populations, with dwindling fish populations in areas such as Salford Quays. They were first detected in Canada in the Great Lakes in 1988, in Lake St. Clair, located east/northeast of Detroit and Windsor. It is believed they were inadvertently introduced into the lakes in the ballast water of ocean-going ships traversing the St.","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"15284508","text":"leave the fish with an open wound which in turn causes them to bleed till death. Rarely a different fish survive a Lamprey puncture. Another example of the migration of non-native species is \"Dreissena Polymorpha\", common name Zebra Mussel, originating in Asian waters. They first appeared in North-America in 1988 in Lake St Clair. The Zebra mussels are (\"filter feeders\") and fully grown mussels have the potential of filtering up to a liter (1 quart) of water per day. With the large population of mussels found in Canadian waters, this means the waters are being filtered each day, which causes","title":"Aquatic invasive species in Canada"},{"docid":"15426414","text":"of nonindigenous species that are mentioned in NISA. In 1988 zebra mussels (\"Dreissena polymorpha\") were found in Lake Erie, and soon after they spread to all the Great Lakes. Since then, zebra mussels can still be found in each of the Great Lakes, as well as throughout the major navigable rivers in the eastern part of the United States (including the Hudson, St. Lawrence, and Niagara Rivers). Recent reports have revealed that this species has dispersed as far as California. A native of western Russia, the zebra mussel most likely made its way to North America through the release of","title":"National Invasive Species Act"},{"docid":"2709271","text":"USGS Zebra mussel distribution map for full scope of invasion. Congressional researchers have estimated that the zebra mussel has cost businesses and communities over $5 billion since their initial invasion. Zebra mussels have cost power companies alone over $3 billion. From their first appearance in American waters in 1988, zebra mussels have spread to a large number of waterways, including Lake Simcoe in the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi, Hudson, St. Lawrence, Ohio, Cumberland, Missouri, Tennessee, Huron, Colorado, and Arkansas Rivers, and 11 lakes and 5 river basins in Texas. Today, the invasion continues. For instance, in 2009, the Massachusetts","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709268","text":"reporting having problems with their water treatment plants with the mussels attaching themselves to pipeworks. Anglian Water has estimated that it costs £500,000 per year to remove the mussels from their treatment plants. It has been argued that zebra mussels have also had an effect on fish populations, with dwindling fish populations in areas such as Salford Quays. They were first detected in Canada in the Great Lakes in 1988, in Lake St. Clair, located east/northeast of Detroit and Windsor. It is believed they were inadvertently introduced into the lakes in the ballast water of ocean-going ships traversing the St.","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"151992","text":"zebra mussel, which was first discovered in 1988, and quagga mussel in 1989. The mollusks are efficient filter feeders, competing with native mussels and reducing available food and spawning grounds for fish. In addition, the mussels may be a nuisance to industries by clogging pipes. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that the economic impact of the zebra mussel could be about $5 billion over the next decade. The alewife first entered the system west of Lake Ontario via 19th-century canals. By the 1960s, the small silver fish had become a familiar nuisance to beach goers across Lakes Michigan,","title":"Great Lakes"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709268\",\n \"text\": \"reporting having problems with their water treatment plants with the mussels attaching themselves to pipeworks. Anglian Water has estimated that it costs £500,000 per year to remove the mussels from their treatment plants. It has been argued that zebra mussels have also had an effect on fish populations, with dwindling fish populations in areas such as Salford Quays. They were first detected in Canada in the Great Lakes in 1988, in Lake St. Clair, located east/northeast of Detroit and Windsor. It is believed they were inadvertently introduced into the lakes in the ballast water of ocean-going ships traversing the St.\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15284508\",\n \"text\": \"leave the fish with an open wound which in turn causes them to bleed till death. Rarely a different fish survive a Lamprey puncture. Another example of the migration of non-native species is \\\"Dreissena Polymorpha\\\", common name Zebra Mussel, originating in Asian waters. They first appeared in North-America in 1988 in Lake St Clair. The Zebra mussels are (\\\"filter feeders\\\") and fully grown mussels have the potential of filtering up to a liter (1 quart) of water per day. With the large population of mussels found in Canadian waters, this means the waters are being filtered each day, which causes\",\n \"title\": \"Aquatic invasive species in Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15426414\",\n \"text\": \"of nonindigenous species that are mentioned in NISA. In 1988 zebra mussels (\\\"Dreissena polymorpha\\\") were found in Lake Erie, and soon after they spread to all the Great Lakes. Since then, zebra mussels can still be found in each of the Great Lakes, as well as throughout the major navigable rivers in the eastern part of the United States (including the Hudson, St. Lawrence, and Niagara Rivers). Recent reports have revealed that this species has dispersed as far as California. A native of western Russia, the zebra mussel most likely made its way to North America through the release of\",\n \"title\": \"National Invasive Species Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709271\",\n \"text\": \"USGS Zebra mussel distribution map for full scope of invasion. Congressional researchers have estimated that the zebra mussel has cost businesses and communities over $5 billion since their initial invasion. Zebra mussels have cost power companies alone over $3 billion. From their first appearance in American waters in 1988, zebra mussels have spread to a large number of waterways, including Lake Simcoe in the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi, Hudson, St. Lawrence, Ohio, Cumberland, Missouri, Tennessee, Huron, Colorado, and Arkansas Rivers, and 11 lakes and 5 river basins in Texas. Today, the invasion continues. For instance, in 2009, the Massachusetts\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709268\",\n \"text\": \"reporting having problems with their water treatment plants with the mussels attaching themselves to pipeworks. Anglian Water has estimated that it costs £500,000 per year to remove the mussels from their treatment plants. It has been argued that zebra mussels have also had an effect on fish populations, with dwindling fish populations in areas such as Salford Quays. They were first detected in Canada in the Great Lakes in 1988, in Lake St. Clair, located east/northeast of Detroit and Windsor. It is believed they were inadvertently introduced into the lakes in the ballast water of ocean-going ships traversing the St.\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"151992\",\n \"text\": \"zebra mussel, which was first discovered in 1988, and quagga mussel in 1989. The mollusks are efficient filter feeders, competing with native mussels and reducing available food and spawning grounds for fish. In addition, the mussels may be a nuisance to industries by clogging pipes. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that the economic impact of the zebra mussel could be about $5 billion over the next decade. The alewife first entered the system west of Lake Ontario via 19th-century canals. By the 1960s, the small silver fish had become a familiar nuisance to beach goers across Lakes Michigan,\",\n \"title\": \"Great Lakes\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2709264","text":"The vast majority of the organisms that are natural enemies in Europe are not present in North America. Ecologically similar species do exist, but these species are unlikely to be able to eliminate those mussels already established and will have a limited role in their control. Crayfish could have a significant impact on the densities of 1- to 5-mm-long zebra mussels. An adult crayfish consumes around 105 zebra mussels every day, or about 6000 mussels in a season. Predation rates are significantly reduced at lower water temperatures. Fish do not seem to limit the densities of zebra mussels in European","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709269","text":"Lawrence Seaway. Another possible, often neglected, mode of introduction is on anchors and chains, although this has not been proven. Since adult zebra mussels can survive out of water for several days or weeks if the temperature is low and humidity is high, chain lockers provide temporary refuge for clusters of adult mussels that could easily be released when transoceanic ships drop anchor in freshwater ports. They have become an invasive species in North America, and as such they are the target of federal policy to control them, for instance in the National Invasive Species Act (1996). Using models based","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709266","text":"Caspian Sea in Eurasia. Zebra mussels have become an invasive species in North America, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. They disrupt the ecosystems by monotypic colonization, and damage harbors and waterways, ships and boats, and water treatment and power plants. Water treatment plants are most affected because the water intakes bring the microscopic free-swimming larvae directly into the facilities. Zebra mussels also cling to pipes under the water and clog them. Grossinger reported it in Hungary in 1794. Kerney and Morton described the rapid colonization of Britain by the zebra mussel, first in Cambridgeshire in the 1820s, London","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709274","text":"mussel will continue spreading passively, by ship and by pleasure craft, to more rivers in North America. Trailered boat traffic is the most likely vector for invasion into Western North America. This spread is preventable if boaters thoroughly clean and dry their boats and associated equipment before transporting them to new bodies of water. Since no North American predator or combination of predators has been shown to significantly reduce zebra mussel numbers, such spread would most likely result in permanent establishment of zebra mussels in many North American waterways. A major decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen was observed","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709263","text":"within 6–7 weeks of settling. An adult female zebra mussel can produce 30,000 to 40,000 eggs in each reproductive cycle, and over 1 million each year. Free-swimming microscopic larvae, called veligers, drift in the water for several weeks and then settle onto any hard surface they can find. Zebra mussels also can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions and adults can even survive out of water for about 7 days. Research on natural enemies, both in Europe and North America, has focused on predators, particularly birds (36 species) and fish (15 and 38 species eating veligers and attached mussels).","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"4678625","text":"came to North America, the Chippewa people called the lake Majinabeesh, which means \"sparkling water\". In recent years, the lake has become increasingly popular as a residential and recreational area, which has raised concern for the lake water quality. Citizens and local government believe the lake suffers harm from increased loads of nutrients, including phosphorus and nitrogen, from septic systems, fertilizers, and runoff from roads. The most obvious change has been the introduction of zebra mussels. Zebra mussels, which have no known predators in U.S. waters, threaten the existence of native clams and result in more vegetation growing on the","title":"Higgins Lake"},{"docid":"1955978","text":"has been victim to zebra mussel, purple loosestrife, black crappie, spiny water flea, round goby, rusty crayfish and Eurasian milfoil invasions. The zebra mussel, which arrived in North American waters in 1985, originated in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea area and is thought to have been brought to North America in the ballast of foreign freighters. Zebra mussels are particularly harmful to Lake Simcoe because they increase the clarity of the water allowing sunlight to penetrate to the bottom of the lake, where more algae and aquatic weeds can grow, accelerating the eutrophication process. The Rainbow Smelt are another","title":"Lake Simcoe"},{"docid":"6410338","text":"zebra mussels, but they are restricted by the size of the clumps that they can remove. Though the drum do eat zebra mussels, they are not having an impact on the spread of this invasive species. Though they do not control the population of zebra mussels, they do contribute to a high mortality in the zebra mussels. During the summer, freshwater drum move into warm, shallow water that is less than deep. The freshwater drum then spawn during a six to seven-week period from June through July when the water reaches a temperature of about . During the spawn, females","title":"Freshwater drum"},{"docid":"2709265","text":"lakes. Smallmouth bass are a predator in the zebra mussels' adopted North American Great Lakes habitat. On June 4, 2014, Canadian conservation authorities announced that a test using liquid fertilizer to kill invasive zebra mussels was successful. This test was conducted in a lakefront harbor in the western province of Manitoba. However, there continue to be outbreaks in Lake Winnipeg. Similar tests were run in Illinois, Minnesota, and Michigan, using Zequanox, a biopesticide. Researchers have found that Niclosamide proves effective in killing invasive zebra mussels in cool waters. The native distribution of the species is in the Black Sea and","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709259","text":"present. They are usually about the size of a fingernail, but can grow to a maximum length of nearly . Shells are D-shaped, and attached to the substrate with strong byssal fibers, which come out of their umbo on the dorsal (hinged) side. Zebra mussel and the closely related and ecologically similar quagga mussels are filter-feeding organisms. They remove particles from the water column. The zebra mussels process up to one liter of water per day, per mussel. Some particles are consumed as food, and feces are deposited on the lake floor. Nonfood particles are combined with mucus and other","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"1283333","text":"(71.7%) taxa are listed as endangered, threatened, of special concern. The main factors contributing to the decline of freshwater mussels include destruction from dams, increased siltation, channel modification, and the introduction of invasive species like the Zebra mussel. Humans have used mussels as food for thousands of years. About 17 species are edible, of which the most commonly eaten are \"Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, M. trossellus\" and \"Perna canaliculus\". Nowadays, freshwater mussels are generally considered to be unpalatable and are almost entirely not consumed, although the native peoples of North America ate them extensively and still do today. In the","title":"Mussel"},{"docid":"20942011","text":"mussels are a known aquatic invasive species and have been a possible risk to Lake Winnipeg since the 1980s when they invaded nearby lakes, including the great lakes. In 2015 zebra mussels became officially established in Lake Winnipeg, confirming these fears. The scientists aboard the Namao monitored the presence of zebra mussels as they became established, studied the environmental impacts of zebra mussels in the lake including the decline of native mussel populations, researched how they became introduced, and helped create and conduct control operations. Apart from research the Namao is also important in providing education and outreach programs to","title":"The Namao"},{"docid":"2611901","text":"lake level. The infestation of European zebra mussels, which has impacted many North American bodies of water, has also affected Keuka Lake and other Finger Lakes in New York. In addition to disrupting the lake's ecosystem, zebra mussels can be a nuisance to lakeside homeowners. Their small size enables them to clog water intake pipes. Furthermore, their sharp shells can cause lacerations on the feet of bathers. Bathers may wish to wear water shoes when swimming in the lake. The village of Penn Yan is at the northeastern tip of the lake, and Branchport is at the northwestern tip. Hammondsport","title":"Keuka Lake"},{"docid":"2709270","text":"on the genetic algorithm for rule-set production (GARP), a group of researchers predicted that the southeastern United States is moderately to highly likely to be inhabited by zebra mussels and the Midwest unlikely to experience a zebra mussel invasion of water bodies. However, this model has since been proven incorrect. In 2006 a researcher (also using GARP) predicted invasion as far west as the North Platte River, Nebraska, by 2015. As of March 2016, zebra mussels have affected hundreds of lakes in the Midwest including Lake Michigan, and the largest freshwater lake in Wisconsin, Lake Winnebago. See the March 2016","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709261","text":"5 fold after the invasion of zebra mussels into Lake St. Clair. Zebra mussels attach to most substrates including sand, silt, and harder substrates, but usually, juvenile mussels prefer harder, rockier substrates to which to attach. Other mussel species frequently represent the most stable objects in silty substrates, and zebra mussels attach to, and often kill these mussels. They build colonies on native unionid clams, reducing their ability to move, feed, and breed, eventually leading to their deaths. This has led to the near extinction of the unionid clams in Lake St. Clair and the western basin of Lake Erie.","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709278","text":"However, because they are so efficient at filtering water, they tend to accumulate pollutants and toxins. For this reason, most experts recommend against consuming zebra mussels. They are also responsible for the near extinction of many species in the Great Lake system by outcompeting native species for food and by growing on top of and suffocating the native clams and mussels. Zebra mussels also affect all classes of algae species, resulting in a shortage of food sources to native species of freshwater mussels and fish in the Great Lakes. However, zebra mussels and other non-native species are credited with the","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2264866","text":"Mojave, and Havasu. By the early 2000s Arizona, California, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Nevada and Utah have all confirmed the presence of larval zebra mussels in lakes and reservoirs. Zebra and quagga mussels can be destructive to an ecosystem due to competition for resources with native species. The filtration of zooplankton by the mussels can negatively impact the feeding for some species of fish. Zebra and quagga mussels can attach to hard surfaces and build layers on underwater structures. The mussels are known to clog pipes including those in hydroelectric power systems, thus becoming a costly and time-consuming problem for water","title":"Lake Powell"},{"docid":"4285765","text":"by non-native zebra mussels, which have depleted the level of dissolved oxygen, impacting fish populations. The population density of mussels in one particular section of the river below Cross Lake is considered among the highest in North America. Seneca River (New York) The Seneca River flows through the Finger Lakes region of Upstate New York in the United States. The main tributary of the Oswego River – the second largest river flowing into Lake Ontario – the Seneca drains in parts of fourteen New York counties. The Seneca flows generally east, and is wide and deep with a gentle gradient.","title":"Seneca River (New York)"},{"docid":"2709262","text":"This pattern is being repeated in Ireland, where zebra mussels have eliminated the two freshwater mussels from several waterways, including some lakes along the River Shannon in 1997. In 2012, the National University of Ireland, Galway, said \"The discovery of zebra mussels (\"Dreissena polymorpha\") in Lough Derg and the lower Shannon region in 1997 (McCarthy et al 1997, a & b) has led to considerable concern about the potential ecological and economic damage that this highly invasive aquatic nuisance species can cause.\" The lifespan of a zebra mussel is four to five years. A female zebra mussel begins to reproduce","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"20845788","text":"the lake. Among these are curly-leaf pondweed and Eurasian milfoil. Medicine Lake has also been confirmed for the presence of zebra mussels. On November 1, 2017, a resident notified the Minnesota DNR regarding a potential zebra muscle on a dock that the resident had pulled from the lake. On November 2, Minnesota DNR staff verified it was a zebra mussel and found two additional zebra mussels on two other docks in the lake. On November 9, 2017, the Minnesota DNR issued a press release publicly confirming that it had found zebra mussels in the lake. In 2018, the Minnesota DNR","title":"Medicine Lake (Minnesota)"},{"docid":"2709277","text":"into streams and rivers throughout the US. In some areas they completely cover the substrate, sometimes covering other freshwater mussels. They can grow so densely that they block pipelines, clogging water intakes of municipal water supplies and hydroelectric companies. Zebra mussels do not attach to cupronickel alloys, which can be used to coat intake and discharge grates, navigational buoys, boats, and motors where the species tends to congregate. Zebra mussels are believed to be the source of deadly avian botulism poisoning that has killed tens of thousands of birds in the Great Lakes since the late 1990s. They are edible.","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"15426415","text":"ballast water from cargo ships traveling from the Black Sea to the Great Lakes. After its introduction there, it was carried through the lakes and connected waterways via recreational and commercial traffic. A large part of the zebra mussel's ability to disperse has to do with its travel flexibility. In the larval stage, zebra mussels can float along passively. In the adult stage, zebra mussels can attach themselves to boats very well. Overland dispersal can be achieved, too, because these mussels can survive dry conditions for several days. This was most likely the way that they were introduced to California:","title":"National Invasive Species Act"},{"docid":"10719101","text":"total of over 50% of its range. One cause of the drop in population was pollution. The mussel is now extirpated from the Illinois River because of pollution. The habitat has been altered by impoundments, including dams and locks. Sedimentation may also have negatively affected the mussel. Overfishing may have reduced the population, as well. Today the worst threat to the species is the invasive species invasion of the zebra mussel. Zebra mussels attach to the shells of this and other native mussels, deforming them, preventing them from moving, and preventing their filter feeding. The zebra mussels can use up","title":"Higgins' eye pearly mussel"},{"docid":"2709267","text":"in 1824, and in the Union Canal near Edinburgh in 1834. In 1827, zebra mussels were seen in the Netherlands at Rotterdam. Canals that artificially link many European waterways facilitated their early dispersal. It is nonindigenous in the Czech Republic in the Elbe River in Bohemia since 1893; in southern Moravia, it is probably native. Around 1920 the mussels reached Lake Mälaren in Sweden. The first appearance of the organism in northern Italy was in Lake Garda in 1973; in central Italy, they appeared in Tuscany in 2003. Zebra mussels are also present in British waterways. Many water companies are","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"5915461","text":"Black-striped mussel The black-striped mussel (\"Mytilopsis sallei\") is a small marine bivalve mollusc in the family Dreissenidae, the false mussels. It is closely related and ecologically similar to the zebra mussel, \"Dreissena polymorpha\". The native range for this species is Central and South America. Like the zebra mussel, the black-striped mussel is a significant pest in many countries outside its original range. \"Mytilopsis\" is typically found in brackish water, unlike \"Dreissena\", which inhabits fresh water. \"Mytilopsis\" can tolerate wide fluctuations in salinity as adults which is then they breed like rabbits It is a native species of South America Panama","title":"Black-striped mussel"},{"docid":"2709273","text":"in the Red River near the lake in Selkirk Park in 2015. Large number were seen at Grand Beach (Manitoba) in 2017 In July 2010, the North Dakota Game and Fish Department confirmed the presence of zebra mussel veliger in the Red River between Wahpeton, ND, and Breckenridge, MN. As recently as 2008 California similarly reported invasions. In 2011, an invasion of zebra mussels shut down a water pipeline in the Dallas area. This resulted in reduced water supplies during a drought year, worsening water restrictions across the Dallas area. A common inference made by scientists predicts that the zebra","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"15426417","text":"in Michigan, 700,000/m of zebra mussels were found in the pipes, the diameters of which were reduced by two-thirds. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service once estimated that zebra mussel infestations could cost $500 million per year due to increased costs for utility companies and industrial plants, as well as loss of income revenue for fishing and fishing-related businesses. The economic repercussions of this type of species invasion can be devastating. The second issue with zebra mussel invasions is that they can deplete food sources in aquatic ecosystems. Zebra mussels are filter feeders, meaning that they consume microorganisms, and","title":"National Invasive Species Act"},{"docid":"540979","text":"water and \"outcompeted the native clearwater crayfish.\" Other studies confirmed that transporting crayfish to different environments have led to various ecological problems, including the elimination of native species. Transporting crayfishes as live bait has also contributed to the spread of zebra mussels in various waterways throughout Europe and North America, as they are known to attach themselves to exoskeleton of crayfishes. Crayfish are kept as pets in freshwater aquariums, typically with bluegill or bass, rather than goldfish or tropical or subtropical fish. They prefer foods like shrimp pellets or various vegetables, but will also eat tropical fish food, regular fish","title":"Crayfish"},{"docid":"43249","text":"Mohawk language, the community is called \"Kenhtè:ke\" which means \"the place of the bay\". The Cayuga name is \"Tayęda:ne:gęˀ or Detgayę:da:negęˀ\", \"land of two logs.\" The Bay, as it is known locally, provides some of the best trophy Walleye angling in North America as well as most sport fish common to the great lakes. The bay is subject to algae blooms in late summer which are a naturally occurring phenomenon and do not indicate pollution other than from agricultural runoff. Zebra mussels as well as the other invasive species found in the great lakes are present. The Quinte area played","title":"Bay of Quinte"},{"docid":"2264867","text":"managers in the West. Control policies have recently been introduced to alleviate the hydroelectric problems as well as ecological problems faced by Western infestation. Beginning in 1999 Lake Powell began to visually monitor for the mussels. In 2001 hot water boat decontamination sites were established at Wahweap, Bullfrog, and Halls Crossing marinas. In January 2007, zebra mussels were detected in Lake Mead and new action plans were announced to prevent the spread of mussels to Lake Powell. In August 2007, preliminary testing was positive for zebra or quagga larvae in Lake Powell. These tests were deemed false positives, but adult","title":"Lake Powell"},{"docid":"2264865","text":"most native species on the Colorado River Basin are subject to ongoing restoration efforts of some kind. Bass Carp, pike and others Zebra and quagga mussels first appeared in the United States in the 1980s. The mussels were initially brought to the United States through the ballast water of ships entering the Great Lakes. These aquatic invaders soon spread to many bodies of water in the Eastern United States and have even made their way to the western United States. In January 2008, Zebra mussels have been detected in several reservoirs along the Colorado River system such as Lakes Mead,","title":"Lake Powell"},{"docid":"6410337","text":"present for this species, although market price tends to be quite low. Thus, many freshwater drum are harvested as bycatch from targeted higher-value species. There has been some research on the freshwater drum's impact on the invasive Zebra mussel in northern lakes and rivers. Zebra mussels are consumed by freshwater drum once they reach a length of , but drum under in length only eat small mussels and reject the larger ones. The fish larger than exhibit less selectivity and consume mussels relative to their availability in lakes. These larger fish are not restricted by their ability to crush the","title":"Freshwater drum"},{"docid":"4287577","text":"species. Many native predatory fish such as smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, walleye, salmon and trout have begun to prey on round gobies. The incorporation of the round goby into native foodwebs, coupled with the goby's ability to consume large numbers of invasive mussels (zebra and quagga), may result in greater bioaccumulation of toxins such as PCBs higher in the food chain, since these mussels filter-feed and are known to accumulate persistent contaminants. However, this is partly beneficial because even though they do not reduce the population of zebra mussels, they do control their population. Hence, it prevents a large scale","title":"Round goby"},{"docid":"2709275","text":"in the Seneca River in central New York in the summer of 1993. This decrease was due to extremely high concentrations of zebra mussels in the watershed. Additionally, the Seneca River had significantly less chlorophyll in the water, which is used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass, due to the presence of zebra mussels. The cost of fighting the pests at power plants and other water-consuming facilities is substantial, but the exact magnitude of the damage is a matter of some controversy. According to the Center for Invasive Species Research at the University of California, Riverside, the cost of management","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"1936500","text":"zebra mussels rely on plankton and can filter significant amounts of phytoplankton and zooplankton from the water, altering the availability of an important food source for paddlefish and native unionidae. A few days after the fertilization of zebra mussel eggs, a microscopic larva emerges called a veliger. During this initial stage of development, which usually lasts a few weeks, veligers are able to swim freely in the water column with other microscopic animals comprising zooplankton. Veligers are poor swimmers, making them susceptible to predation by any animal that feeds on zooplankton. However, natural predation of zebra mussels at any stage","title":"American paddlefish"},{"docid":"2709272","text":"Department of Conservation and Recreation confirmed that zebra mussels had been found in Laurel Lake in the Berkshires. That same year the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources announced that live zebra mussels have been found in Pelican Lake, Minnesota. This was the first confirmed sighting in the Red River Basin, which extends across the international border into the province of Manitoba. In 2013, their presence in Manitoba's Lake Winnipeg was confirmed and aggressive efforts to eradicate them in 2014 have not succeeded. New contamination was found outside treated areas of Lake Winnipeg in 2015 and they have also been found","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"10710578","text":"quality, affecting the ability of surviving mussels to reproduce and lowering the numbers of host fish. Dredging and channelization have profoundly altered riverine habitats nationwide. Channelization physically changes streams by accelerating erosion, reducing depths, decreasing habitat diversity, destabilizing stream bottoms and removing riparian vegetation. The invasion of the nonnative zebra mussel into the United States poses a serious threat to native mussels. Zebra mussels proliferate in such high numbers that they use up food resources. They attach to native mussel shells in such large numbers that the native mussel cannot open its shell to eat or breathe. Spectacle case pearly","title":"Spectacle case pearly mussel"},{"docid":"15426416","text":"agricultural inspection stations have reported finding mussels on the hulls or motor compartments of at least 19 trailered boats arriving into the state. In addition to being able to travel long distances during both immature and mature stages of life, zebra mussels can produce up to several hundred thousand eggs in a single season. Zebra mussels are most disruptive in two ways. The first is that they can colonize and clog water supply pipes, thereby restricting water flow for systems used for cooling, fire-fighting, hydroelectricity, etc. Colonies can also be very dense: it was reported that at one power plant","title":"National Invasive Species Act"},{"docid":"19873889","text":"Can be carried by people through shoes and gear, pets and other animals can spread the seeds through their travel as well. -Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): These are believed to have come from the Caspian Sea in Europe in a ships ballast water. They are spread by uncleansed boats from one body of water to another as tourists move to different locations. There are ways to decrease the spread of non-native species such as taking care in removing seeds from shoes and pants after hiking or biking. Thoroughly cleaning boats when moving from one body of water to another and","title":"Impacts of tourism"},{"docid":"2709260","text":"matter and deposited on lake floors as pseudofeces. Since the zebra mussel has become established in Lake Erie, water clarity has increased from 6 inches to up to three feet in some areas. This improved water clarity allows sunlight to penetrate deeper, enabling growth of submerged macrophytes. These plants, when decaying, wash up on shorelines, fouling beaches and cause water quality problems. Lake floor food supplies are enriched by zebra mussels as they filter pollution out of the water. This biomass becomes available to bottom-feeding species and to the fish that feed on them. The catch of yellow perch increased","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709279","text":"increased population and size of smallmouth bass in Lake Erie and yellow perch in Lake St. Clair. They cleanse the waters of inland lakes, resulting in increased sunlight penetration and growth of native algae at greater depths. This cleansing also increases water visibility and filters out pollutants. Each quagga and zebra mussel filters about of water a day when confined to small tanks. In lakes, their filtering effects are usually spatially restricted (near the lake bottom) due to nonhomogeneous water column mixing. Because zebra mussels damage water intakes and other infrastructure, methods such as adding oxidants, flocculants, heat, dewatering, mechanical","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709276","text":"of zebra mussel in the Great Lakes alone exceeds $500 million a year. A more conservative study estimated total economic costs of $267 million for electric-generation and water-treatment facilities in the entire United States from 1989 through 2004. Zebra mussels are filter feeders. When in the water, they open their shells to admit detritus. As their shells are very sharp, they are known for cutting people's feet, resulting in the need to wear water shoes wherever they are prevalent. Since their colonization of the Great Lakes, they have covered the undersides of docks, boats, and anchors. They have also spread","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"16814443","text":"chests by 20% to 30% may delay the onset of serious problems that could force an engine shutdown. Thermal treatment is a highly effective strategy for the control of zebra mussels (McMahon et al. 1995). Thermal treatment may include retrofitting a closed loop system to recirculate the heated water to the sea chest or the addition of a second sea chest system, allowing engine cooling water to be discharged through the idle sea chest. Recirculation of engine cooling water as a thermal control strategy has proved extremely effective in controlling zebra mussels (Palermo 1992, U.S. Coast Guard 1994). Sea chest","title":"Sea chest (nautical)"},{"docid":"11763401","text":"In July 2009, zebra mussels were discovered in Laurel Lake in Lee, prompting the Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game to close Laurel Lake's boat ramp. A number of lakes around the area responded by closing their ramps, including Stockbridge Bowl. The Monterey Board of Selectmen voted to close Lake Buel's ramp and on July 22, the ramp was blocked off with a concrete barricade and padlocked chain. A non-native invasive species, zebra mussels were originally native to the lakes of southeast Russia. In the 1990s they began colonizing the Great Lakes, and have since spread into streams and rivers","title":"Lake Buel"},{"docid":"239938","text":"Chinook salmon) rather than the native species. Bald eagle and osprey populations are also beginning to recover. Invasive species are a problem for Lake Ontario, particularly lamprey and zebra mussels. Lamprey are being controlled by poisoning in the juvenile stage in the streams where they breed. Zebra mussels in particular are difficult to control, and pose major challenges for the lake and its waterways. The lake has a natural seiche rhythm of eleven minutes. The seiche effect normally is only about inches (2 cm) but can be greatly amplified by earth movement, winds, and atmospheric pressure changes. Because of its","title":"Lake Ontario"},{"docid":"15499792","text":"Arca zebra Arca zebra, or the turkey wing ark clam, is a bivalve mollusc in the family Arcidae, the ark clams. This species is found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies and Bermuda. It attaches itself to rocks or other hard substrates in shallow water with byssus threads. The shell of \"Arca zebra\" is boldly striped in brown and white which gives it a resemblance to the wing of a wild turkey. The whole shell (when both valves are together) has also been likened to Noah's Ark. It is a sturdy","title":"Arca zebra"},{"docid":"15426436","text":"Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force to work closely with lower levels of government in order to address the problems with zebra mussels. Another goal was to require all ships entering Great Lakes ports to exchange their ballast water in the open ocean. Six years after NANPCA, more invasive species were found to be causing negative impacts across the country, and Congress moved to expand the original act. Through NISA, the control of invasive species moves beyond zebra mussels and ballast water, although those two issues remain high in importance and priority. According to the National Environmental Coalition on Invasive Species,","title":"National Invasive Species Act"},{"docid":"12510031","text":"the wavy-rayed lampmussel include the largemouth bass and the smallmouth bass. These fish hosts are especially important to ensure healthy mussel populations. Like many fresh water mussels, the wavy-rayed lampmussel is extremely sensitive to changes in water quality. This includes chemical contaminants entering its habitat such as copper, ammonia and chloride, particularly during their glochidial and juvenile life phases. This, along with loss of habitat has caused a continuous decrease in the mussel's populations. Additionally, the introduction of the invasive zebra mussel has resulted in even greater reductions in population. By affixing themselves to hard surfaces the zebra mussels are","title":"Lampsilis fasciola"},{"docid":"2709280","text":"removal, and pipe coatings are becoming increasingly common. Zebra mussel The zebra mussel (\"Dreissena polymorpha\") is a small freshwater mussel. This species was originally native to the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine. However, the zebra mussel has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas, and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, they have invaded the Great Lakes and the Hudson River. The species was first described in 1769 by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper rivers. Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"2709258","text":"Zebra mussel The zebra mussel (\"Dreissena polymorpha\") is a small freshwater mussel. This species was originally native to the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine. However, the zebra mussel has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas, and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, they have invaded the Great Lakes and the Hudson River. The species was first described in 1769 by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper rivers. Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen on their shells, though it is not universally","title":"Zebra mussel"},{"docid":"18072378","text":"a given site are chosen based on their abundance and ease of collection. “Mussels (\"Mytilus\" species) are collected from the North Atlantic and Pacific coasts, oysters (\"Crassostrea virginica\") from the mid-Atlantic (Delaware Bay) southward and along the Gulf Coast, and zebra mussels (\"Dreissena\" species), an invasive species, are collected from sites in the Great Lakes.” The majority of field collection and laboratory work is conducted by non-NOAA contract laboratories. At least once annually between November and March volunteers at each Mussel Watch site collect two groups of 50-100 bivalves. The samples must be collected within three weeks of the date","title":"Mussel Watch Program"},{"docid":"767698","text":"species is ballast water. Ballast water taken up at sea and released in port by transoceanic vessels is the largest vector for non-native aquatic species invasions. In fact, it is estimated that 10,000 different species, many of which are non-indigenous, are transported via ballast water each day. Many of these species are considered harmful and can negatively impact their new environment. For example, freshwater zebra mussels, native to the Black, Caspian and Azov seas, most likely reached the Great Lakes via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel. Zebra mussels outcompete other native organisms for oxygen and food, such as algae.","title":"Invasive species"},{"docid":"7000326","text":"the ecosystems in the area. New animals or insects coming into or leaving an ecosystem can be just as damaging as pollution. A major food source for most fish in Lake Michigan had been Diporeia shrimp that have been drastically decreased by an infestation of zebra mussels. The Diporeia shrimp have declined from over 10,000 per square meter to virtually zero on the lake bottom because of these zebra mussels. In Lake Michigan the decrease in Diporeia numbers is extreme at 94% killed over the past ten years. Its neighbor, Lake Huron is down 57% in its Diporeia population in","title":"Great Lakes Areas of Concern"},{"docid":"239864","text":"The improved farming practices, which were voluntary, were followed for a while, resulting in remarkable recovery of the lake in the 1970s. Unfortunately, the conservative practices are not monitored and have not been kept up. One recent account suggests that the seasonal algae blooms in Lake Erie were possibly caused by \"runoff from cities, fertilizers, zebra mussels, and livestock near water.\" A second report focuses on the zebra mussels as being the cause of \"big oxygen-poor dead zones\" since they filter so much sediment that this produces an overgrowth of algae. One report suggests the oxygen-poor zone began about 1993","title":"Lake Erie"},{"docid":"1451835","text":"of the year\" in 2013. In 2015, there was a major explosion of zebra mussels in Lake Winnipeg, the reduction of which is next to impossible due to a lack of natural predators in the lake. The mussels are devastating to the ecological opportunities of the lake. It is believed Henry Kelsey was the first European to see the lake, in 1690. He adopted the Cree language name for the lake: \"wīnipēk\" (ᐐᓂᐯᐠ), meaning \"muddy waters\". La Vérendrye referred to the lake as \"Ouinipigon\" when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s. Later, the Red River","title":"Lake Winnipeg"},{"docid":"2846345","text":"resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. These antibiotics are regularly used in biological research as a selective pressure tool to promote plasmid expression. The strain referred to as Pf-CL145A has proved itself a promising solution for the control of invasive zebra mussels and quagga mussels (\"Dreissena\"). This bacterial strain is an environmental isolate capable of killing >90% of these mussels by intoxication (i.e., not infection), as a result of natural product(s) associated with their cell walls, and with dead Pf-145A cells killing the mussels equally as well as live cells. Following ingestion of the bacterial cells mussel death occurs following lysis","title":"Pseudomonas fluorescens"},{"docid":"14897365","text":"habitat as it is able to tolerate a wide range of temperatures (), low oxygen concentrations, and salinity up to 20%. It is found in lakes, canals and rivers living in a range of substrates. It is thought that zebra mussels change habitats by increasing the amount of benthic organic matter, which benefits \"D. villosus\" helping them to outcompete other species. When given a choice, \"D. Villosus\" spend more time feeding around zebra mussel shells than a bare substrate. \"D. villosus\" is omnivorous and feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including other members of the Gammaridae family. It has been","title":"Dikerogammarus villosus"},{"docid":"11350514","text":"sharp-edged mussels. Water shoe A water shoe is a type of footwear that is typically used for activities where the feet are likely to become wet, such as kayaking. Water shoes are made of mesh and have a hard sole used to prevent cuts and abrasions when walking in wet, rocky environments. Water shoes are also used to protect people's feet in waters with sharp-rocked floors or zebra mussels, in which case their primary purpose is not to keep the wearer's feet dry. In some areas such as the Finger Lakes, wearing water shoes has become essential due to the","title":"Water shoe"},{"docid":"19161854","text":"including the Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon; to the emergence of life on the continent and its later evolution; and, finally, to the more recent settlement of the land by humans. According to Johnson, \"Most people will not have considered a time when there was no North America ... What was there before North America? How did it form? When did it start? How did it come together?\" The documentary film is narrated by Kirk Johnson and includes the following participants (alphabetized by last name): According to James Gaines, film reviewer for \"LiveScience\", \"North America rocks. That’s what","title":"Making North America"},{"docid":"20506470","text":"did not allow for the divers to enter, but Daniel reported seeing sixteen corpses inside the hull. Merryman admitted that he was unsure if they had seen any human remains, since the wreck is heavily encrusted with zebra mussels, making identification of any such remains very difficult. A subsequent investigation of the wreck by divers from the Ontario Provincial Police and Canadian Forces did not find any human remains. Despite this, the wreck of the \"Jane Miller\" has been designated a protected archaeological site under the Ontario Heritage Act, and Merryman has not released the exact position and depth of","title":"SS Jane Miller"},{"docid":"2264868","text":"quagga mussels were found in 2013. In August 2010, Lake Powell was declared mussel free. Lake Powell introduced a mandatory boat inspection for each watercraft entering the reservoir beginning in June 2009. Effective June 29, 2009, every vessel entering Lake Powell must have a mussel certificate, although boat owners were allowed to self-certify. These measures were intended to help prevent vessels from transporting Zebra mussels into Lake Powell. Despite these measures, quagga mussel DNA was detected in 2012 and live mussels were found at a number of sites including the Wahweap Marina in Spring and Summer 2013. , the NPS","title":"Lake Powell"},{"docid":"1283315","text":"deep ocean ridges. In most marine mussels the shell is longer than it is wide, being wedge-shaped or asymmetrical. The external colour of the shell is often dark blue, blackish, or brown, while the interior is silvery and somewhat nacreous. The common name \"mussel\" is also used for many freshwater bivalves, including the freshwater pearl mussels. Freshwater mussel species inhabit lakes, ponds, rivers, creeks, canals, and they are classified in a different subclass of bivalves, despite some very superficial similarities in appearance. Freshwater zebra mussels and their relatives in the family Dreissenidae are not related to previously mentioned groups, even","title":"Mussel"},{"docid":"11567811","text":"zebra and quagga mussels. These are highly invasive mussels that threaten aquatic habitats by competing with native species. The mussels act as water filters, removing microscopic plants and animals from the water, which limits the food sources for the native species. The wildlife around Montmartre is quite diverse, ranging from small rodents such as squirrels, gophers, and porcupines to big carnivores such as badgers, foxes, and coyotes. The white-tailed deer is the prominent species in the area, along with coyotes and the red fox. Many herbivores roam the area such as the snowshoe hare, the cottontail rabbit, the northern pocket","title":"Montmartre, Saskatchewan"},{"docid":"13343587","text":"to proliferate continuously from year to year, since infected gonads produce cercariae instead of gametes. The location of the sporocyst (primarily in gonads), its overall shape, irregular branches, and the morphology of its cercariae with a bifurcated tail, distinguish \"B. polymorphus\" from other trematode parasites of zebra mussels in histological sections. Infection of \"B. polymorphus\" is geographically widely distributed. However, prevalence of infection in zebra mussel population is not common. A study by Lajtner \"et al.\", which surveyed the zebra mussel population in the Drava River in Croatia, found a prevalence of 21.3%. In the most extensive study conducted to","title":"Bucephalus polymorphus"},{"docid":"19248976","text":"along the shores. Some of which include: Many of North America's fresh water fish species can be found in the lake throughout the seasons. Species popular with anglers include bass, bluegill, bullhead, catfish, muskellunge, northern Pike, perch, salmon, smelt, steelhead, sturgeon, trout, and walleye. Several invasive species also inhabit the lake, including zebra mussels, sea lampreys, alewives and round gobies. Anchor Bay, Michigan Anchor Bay is a freshwater bay that lies to the North and is a part of Lake St. Clair and is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. Anchor Bay is best described as the Northern region","title":"Anchor Bay, Michigan"},{"docid":"10259528","text":"almost completely harvested, leaving just a few living freshwater mussels per mile. In 1908, in what was deemed a drastic response to the rapidly declining freshwater mussel population, the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries established a mussel propagation program at the Fairport Biological Station. The purpose of this program was to regulate the overharvesting of freshwater mussels. Freshwater mussels are slow growing sessile organisms, and their reproduction is complex. The button industry in North America was in trouble because years of overharvesting the freshwater mussels had caused a shortage of freshwater mussels and pushed many of the species close to extinction.","title":"Unionoida"},{"docid":"5877467","text":"mm long, while males are 5–6 mm. Male zebra spiders also have distinctly larger chelicerae than females. Spiders in the family Salticidae have especially enlarged anterior median eyes (AME), though the anterior and posterior lateral eyes (ALE, PLE) are also large when compared to the very small posterior median eyes (PME). In total there are eight eyes, with the very large anterior median eyes primarily responsible for its excellent binocular vision. These small spiders are black with white hairs that form stripes. Zebra spiders are widespread across Britain, Europe, and North America, and are found throughout the Holarctic. They often","title":"Zebra spider"},{"docid":"4288561","text":"Lake is roughly long and wide. It is at its deepest point. The lake's elevation is at above sea level. It is drained from its southeast corner by Chittenango Creek, which then flows north over Chittenango Falls and eventually into Oneida Lake's south shore in Bridgeport. The lake contains largemouth and smallmouth bass, rock bass, chain pickerel, pumpkinseed, black crappie, bluegill, walleye, yellow perch, white sucker, and brown bullhead. The north end of the lake is swampy, making navigation with a motorboat difficult. The lake has been impacted by several invasive species, including Eurasian milfoil and zebra mussels. Boating access","title":"Cazenovia Lake"},{"docid":"4845817","text":"two intermediate stops. Meanwhile, studies suggest that the economic cost just from introduction of pest mollusks (zebra mussels, the Asian clam, and others) to U.S. aquatic ecosystems is more than $6 billion per year. In case of a bulk cargo ship, there is another environmental effect of ballast water. After unloading the payload a bulk carrier cannot simply return to the starting point, but it must load ballast to get the propeller submerged below water surface. The weight of the ballast increases fuel consumption compared to a hypothetical situation that the ship did not need ballast. A June 2011 National","title":"Sailing ballast"},{"docid":"16462690","text":"Virginia Oaks Golf Club. Beginning in the 1980s, and continuing until 1995, public access to the lake was possible via a private marina. In 1999 the marina operator and the City of Manassas did not reach a mutually acceptable contract extension and the marina was closed. Since then, there has been no public boating access to Lake Manassas. In 2004, citing concerns over terrorism and the possibility of contamination by Zebra Mussels, the Manassas City Council passed an ordinance making it illegal to operate a boat on Lake Manassas. Periodic attempts have been made by the city, county, and various","title":"Lake Manassas"},{"docid":"15692047","text":"warpaint shiner is known to be a host for the Tennessee heelsplitter, a federally endangered freshwater mussel. In their larval stage these mussels are parasitic and need to attach to the gills or fins of fish in order to mature into juveniles. Because freshwater mussels are the most endangered category of animals in North America, the protection of the fishes that act as hosts for the mussel larva is essential for the recovery of the species. Warpaint shiner The warpaint shiner (\"Luxilus coccogenis\") is a species of freshwater fish found in North America. It is common in the upper Tennessee","title":"Warpaint shiner"},{"docid":"8061421","text":"located on the mitochondrial DNA, the male open reading frame (M-ORF) and female open reading frame (F-ORF). Hermaphroditic mussels lack these regions and contain a female-like open reading frame dubbed hermaphroditic open reading frame (H-ORF). It has been determined that in many mussels, the hermaphroditic state is ancestral and the male sex evolved later. It is also hypothesized that this region of the mitochondria may be responsible for the evolution of Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) seen in freshwater mussels. Widespread Africa Central America and Mexico Eastern Asia Europe India Middle East New Guinea North America In large enough quantities, unionid","title":"Unionidae"},{"docid":"15338770","text":"the Athabasca Delta in late summer, moving upstream in the Athabasca River. The longest single movement of a tagged whitefish ever recorded was , from Fort McMurray to the north shore of Lake Athabasca in Alberta, Canada. Fish of larval and postlarval stages feed on plankton. Once the larvae reach they switch to feeding on bottom-dwelling animals (snail, insect larvae, zebra mussels, and fingernail clams) which they will consume for the remainder of their lives. In late June and July, some inland lake populations of ciscoes and lake whitefish leave the deep, cool waters to feast on emerging mayflies and","title":"Lake whitefish"},{"docid":"558432","text":"and damage to their new habitats (e.g.: zebra mussels and the emerald ash borer in the Great Lakes region and the lion fish along the North American Atlantic coast). Some evidence suggests that invasive species are competitive in their new habitats because they are subject to less pathogen disturbance. Others report confounding evidence that occasionally suggest that species-rich communities harbor many native and exotic species simultaneously while some say that diverse ecosystems are more resilient and resist invasive plants and animals. An important question is, \"do invasive species cause extinctions?\" Many studies cite effects of invasive species on natives, but","title":"Biodiversity"},{"docid":"5469823","text":"days. Estimates from the bureau estimated that visitations at Lake Berryessa dropped to less than half since the termination of all seven resorts. The Bureau of Reclamation held an open bid period in 2015 to businesses for developmental opportunities at Lake Berryessa. As of early 2016 there were no successful bids for any of the concession areas at Lake Berryessa. The management of Zebra and Quagga mussels for Lake Berryessa is managed by the SCWA and its interns. The program that has been going on for over 15 years informs, educates, and manages boaters for potential mussels. Any boater that","title":"Lake Berryessa"},{"docid":"2986388","text":"71 acre site was removed for the NPL after successful cleanup goals were achieved. The Little Miami River is home to at least 87 species of fish, as well as many species of turtles, frogs, water snakes, birds, mammals and invertebrates. The river contains 36 species of mussels, including two threatened species, one of which is endangered. Ohio considers five of the species to be endangered. Recently, zebra mussels and Asiatic clams have crowded out native species. The river is protected by a number of nature preserves owned by Little Miami Inc., as well as by state and local parks","title":"Little Miami River"},{"docid":"10713375","text":"the zebra mussel. Prior to its endangered status, club naiads could be found in the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee River systems, and Lake Erie drainages. Currently, however, these mussels can be found in the United States in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Club naiad The club naiad, clubshell pearly mussel, or clubshell, scientific name Pleurobema clava, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States. Club naiads prefer clean, loose sand and gravel in","title":"Club naiad"},{"docid":"19743240","text":"in the United States as Asian carp, include several which are invasive. These species of carp cause harm when they are introduced to new environments. Specifically, the four most well-known species of invasive Asian carp are bighead, silver, black, and grass carp. The black carp feeds on native mussels and snails, some of which can be already endangered. Grass carp can alter the food webs of a new environment by altering the communities of plants, invertebrates, and fish. Silver carp feed on the plankton necessary for larval fish and native mussels. Silver carp have become notorious for being easily frightened","title":"Asian carp in North America"},{"docid":"6162329","text":"bullhead, and yellow perch. Some fish consumption guideline restrictions have been placed on the lake's bluegill and northern pike due to mercury and/or PCB contamination. Lake Hiawatha has much more garbage than any other Minneapolis lake. The lake is a stormwater outlet for the Corcoran, Central, Bryant, and Northrop neighborhoods, as well as the park's golf course. The Lake Hiawatha beach has been occasionally closed, such as in August 2014, because of unsafe levels of E. coli. Lake Hiawatha has been officially declared infested by zebra mussels since 2010, and in September 2013 park workers began finding mussels. Lake Hiawatha","title":"Lake Hiawatha"},{"docid":"1936499","text":"have impounded large populations of American paddlefish, and blocked their upstream migration to spawning shoals. Channelization and groynes or wing dykes have caused the narrowing of rivers and altered flow, destroying crucial spawning and nursery habitat. As a result, most impounded populations are not self-sustaining and must be stocked to maintain a viable sport fishery. Zebra mussel infestations in the Mississippi River, Great Lakes and other Midwest rivers are also negatively affecting American paddlefish populations. Zebra mussels are an invasive species well adapted for explosive population growth as a result of high rates of fecundity and recruitment. As filter feeders,","title":"American paddlefish"},{"docid":"12128352","text":"for zebra mussels throughout the New York City water supply system. Amends the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 to direct the Coast Guard to issue regulations to prevent the introduction and spread of aquatic nuisance species in the Great Lakes through ballast water carried on vessels that, after operating on the waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, enter a U.S. port on the Hudson River north of the George Washington Bridge. Authorizes a cooperative agreement with the Earth Conservancy to develop, and carry out along the Susquehanna River between Wilkes-Barre and Sunbury, Pennsylvania, a wetlands demonstration","title":"Water Resources Development Act of 1992"},{"docid":"6279895","text":"cold for outbreaks to occur. Sawtooth National Forest is home to over 243 bird species, 78 mammals, 28 reptiles and amphibians, and 29 fish. Invasive zebra and quagga mussels are potential threats to the forest's aquatic ecosystems because they can spread rapidly and cover large surface areas, including human structures, thus altering ecosystems, removing native mussels and threatening native fish. Wolves were controversially reintroduced to the SNRA in the mid-1990s to restore the ecosystem stability that they provide as top predators.This included managing high elk populations, which had inhibited new vegetation growth. Opponents to the reintroduction included hunters concerned that","title":"Sawtooth National Forest"},{"docid":"18493611","text":"York City waters to the Adirondack watershed. The research indicated that the trends were in line with the recovery that the Hudson River experienced over the preceding few decades, in response to the efforts of activist groups, government officials and industry by cooperating to help clean up the river system. In 1991, zebra mussels, an invasive species, first appeared in the Hudson River, causing the near-disappearance of native pearly mussels. In 2010, the NYSDEC determined that the Indian Point Energy Center, a nuclear power plant in Buchanan, was violating the Clean Water Act because of its large withdrawals of water","title":"Pollution of the Hudson River"},{"docid":"12877301","text":"volunteers from myriad organizations and businesses throughout the Grand Traverse region to protect Grand Traverse Bay from stormwater pollution. Macrophyte Bed Study: Macrophytes include rooted aquatic plants such as cladophora and algae such as chara, both of which are on the rise in Grand Traverse Bay. Scientists believe decaying cladophora on lake bottoms is linked to avian botulism, the culprit behind thousands of bird deaths in Great Lakes in recent years. The study utilizes aerial photography and its Bay Monitor tugboat to locate macrophyte beds in Grand Traverse Bay, noting water quality, sediment, phosphorus, zebra mussels and quagga mussels. This","title":"Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay"},{"docid":"7060066","text":"Northern riffleshell The northern riffleshell (\"Epioblasma torulosa rangiana\"), is a subspecies of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This subspecies is endangered. This species was formerly found widely in the Ohio River basin, but now the population is fragmented into only three viable groups. This river mussel needs gravel river beds and swift-flowing, well-oxygenated water. The reduction in range seems to be principally due to damming and the consequential silting up of rivers below the dam and competition from zebra mussels. This species lives in Ontario in Canada. It was classified as endangered","title":"Northern riffleshell"},{"docid":"15426418","text":"they do so at very fast rates. Microorganisms form the bottom of the food chain, and eliminating that food source can be dangerous to the survival of native species. The spread of the nonindigenous zebra mussels have greatly decreased the numbers of native mussels in Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie, which may be at risk for extinction. The Eurasian Ruffe (\"Gymnocephalus cernuss\") is another aquatic nuisance species that has spread to the Great Lakes, Wisconsin, and Michigan, after first being discovered in the St. Louis River Estuary of the Duluth-Superior Harbor in 1986. Originally from southern Europe, the ruffe","title":"National Invasive Species Act"},{"docid":"4793225","text":"the native mussel population) as the equally invasive zebra mussel of Russia. It is also displacing native burrowing amphipod (\"Diporeia hoyi\") from the deep waters of Lake Erie. In January 2007, quagga mussels were discovered at a marina in the Nevada portion of Lake Mead, and two other lakes on the Colorado River, Lake Mohave and Lake Havasu. In 2008 the threat of quagga mussels being introduced at Lake Casitas and Westlake Lake in California from recreational boating resulted in the lakes banning the use of outside boats. As of March 2008, other lakes such as Castaic and Lake Cachuma","title":"Quagga mussel"},{"docid":"239860","text":"as part of the university's Ohio Sea Grant College Program. In addition, the Great Lakes Institute of the University of Windsor has experts who study issues such as lake sediment pollution and the flow of contaminants such as phosphorus. A list of the common invasive species in Lake Erie include: Zebra Mussels, Quagga Mussels, Round Gobies, Spiny European Water Fleas, Fishhook Water Fleas, the Sea Lamprey, and White Perch. The invasive plant species that fill Lake Erie consist mainly of Eurasian Milfoil, and Purple Loosestrife, An ongoing concern is that \"nutrient overloading from fertilizers, human and animal waste\", known as","title":"Lake Erie"},{"docid":"2115320","text":"the West.\" Largemouth bass, which are farmed and planted in the lake by California Department of Fish and Wildlife, crappie, catfish, bluegill, and rainbow trout can be found in the county's lakes. Fishing boats can be rented, and many stores and facilities around the lake specialize in fishing equipment. Numerous fishing tournaments and derbies are held through the year. Area wineries with tasting rooms include Guenoc and Langtry Estate Vineyards and Winery, Ployez Winery, Steele Wines, and Wildhurst Vineyards. All boaters entering Lake County are warned that Dreissenid mussels, otherwise known as quagga and zebra mussels are a great threat","title":"Clear Lake (California)"},{"docid":"10410984","text":"at Le Havre. The bomb vessels' shells and carcasses set the town on fire on 23 July. On 1 August, the vessels kept a continuous fire for three hours. Still, it is not clear that the bombardment did much damage to the French flotilla. On 31 July the squadron did capture the French vessel \"Papillon\". \"Zebra\" was recommissioned in August 1804 under Commander William Parkinson. Lieutenant George Harris replaced him in 1805. His replacement, in March 1806, was Commander . Under Whinyates \"Zebra\" was on the North Sea station. Commander William Bowles took over in 1807. The \"Zebra\" then returned","title":"HMS Zebra (1780)"},{"docid":"8591761","text":"Pelican Lake (Otter Tail County, Minnesota) Pelican Lake is a lake located about seven miles north of Pelican Rapids, in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. Pelican Lake is now a highly developed lake with its major uses being predominantly recreation, but its fishing is also excellent. The lake was recently discovered to be infested with zebra mussels, which threatens not only Pelican Lake, but all lakes connected by the Pelican River. The lake covers an area of , and reaches a maximum depth of in the northern portion of the lake. The lake got its name because of its","title":"Pelican Lake (Otter Tail County, Minnesota)"},{"docid":"18694432","text":"largemouth bass, northern pike, ring perch, and walleye. The north part of the lake is a designated refuge for waterfowl. Boating and fishing are prohibited in these areas. There has been concern that the Asian carp will reach Lake Erie via Mosquito Creek Reservoir, but the probability of this occurrence has been deemed low. Invasive Zebra mussels have proliferated in the lake. This causes the lake's water to be more transpicuous than normal, and subsequently water-plants thrive in the ecosystem. Soon after construction the lake's water was considered among the best in the area, but man-made pollution from nearby residential","title":"Mosquito Creek Lake"},{"docid":"10707701","text":"mussels. First, the male releases a trail of sperm into the water column. Then, when females come in contact with the sperm, they take it in through their siphons. Normally this process occurs during either respiration or feeding. Once the females have taken the sperm in, they retain it in their gills until the larvae (glochidia) have matured and are fully developed. After the larvae are ready, they are then released from the female's gills into the water. Shortly thereafter, the baby mussels will find a host fish to live off for a period of time. When the mussels have","title":"Appalachian elktoe"},{"docid":"5408616","text":"Heliconius charithonia Heliconius charithonia, the zebra longwing or zebra heliconian, is a species of butterfly belonging to the subfamily Heliconiinae of the family Nymphalidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of \"Systema Naturae\". The boldly striped black and white wing pattern is aposematic, warning off predators. The species is distributed across South and Central America and as far north as southern Texas and peninsular Florida; there are migrations north into other American states in the warmer months. Zebra longwing adults roost communally at night in groups of up to 60 adults for safety from","title":"Heliconius charithonia"},{"docid":"10259517","text":"species close to extinction. The \"pearl rush\" in North America occurred in the mid to late 1800s as people could easily find freshwater mussels in rivers and streams by \"pollywogging\" for mussels, some of which had freshwater pearls which they could sell for a significant price. The art of \"pollywogging\" involves shuffling one's feet in the mud feeling around for freshwater mussels. Because this was relatively easy to do, and an easy way to make money from freshwater selling pearls, this period has been euphemistically called the \"pearl rush\", and some historians have compared it to the gold rush in","title":"Unionoida"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709264\",\n \"text\": \"The vast majority of the organisms that are natural enemies in Europe are not present in North America. Ecologically similar species do exist, but these species are unlikely to be able to eliminate those mussels already established and will have a limited role in their control. Crayfish could have a significant impact on the densities of 1- to 5-mm-long zebra mussels. An adult crayfish consumes around 105 zebra mussels every day, or about 6000 mussels in a season. Predation rates are significantly reduced at lower water temperatures. Fish do not seem to limit the densities of zebra mussels in European\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709269\",\n \"text\": \"Lawrence Seaway. Another possible, often neglected, mode of introduction is on anchors and chains, although this has not been proven. Since adult zebra mussels can survive out of water for several days or weeks if the temperature is low and humidity is high, chain lockers provide temporary refuge for clusters of adult mussels that could easily be released when transoceanic ships drop anchor in freshwater ports. They have become an invasive species in North America, and as such they are the target of federal policy to control them, for instance in the National Invasive Species Act (1996). Using models based\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709266\",\n \"text\": \"Caspian Sea in Eurasia. Zebra mussels have become an invasive species in North America, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. They disrupt the ecosystems by monotypic colonization, and damage harbors and waterways, ships and boats, and water treatment and power plants. Water treatment plants are most affected because the water intakes bring the microscopic free-swimming larvae directly into the facilities. Zebra mussels also cling to pipes under the water and clog them. Grossinger reported it in Hungary in 1794. Kerney and Morton described the rapid colonization of Britain by the zebra mussel, first in Cambridgeshire in the 1820s, London\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709274\",\n \"text\": \"mussel will continue spreading passively, by ship and by pleasure craft, to more rivers in North America. Trailered boat traffic is the most likely vector for invasion into Western North America. This spread is preventable if boaters thoroughly clean and dry their boats and associated equipment before transporting them to new bodies of water. Since no North American predator or combination of predators has been shown to significantly reduce zebra mussel numbers, such spread would most likely result in permanent establishment of zebra mussels in many North American waterways. A major decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen was observed\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709263\",\n \"text\": \"within 6–7 weeks of settling. An adult female zebra mussel can produce 30,000 to 40,000 eggs in each reproductive cycle, and over 1 million each year. Free-swimming microscopic larvae, called veligers, drift in the water for several weeks and then settle onto any hard surface they can find. Zebra mussels also can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions and adults can even survive out of water for about 7 days. Research on natural enemies, both in Europe and North America, has focused on predators, particularly birds (36 species) and fish (15 and 38 species eating veligers and attached mussels).\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4678625\",\n \"text\": \"came to North America, the Chippewa people called the lake Majinabeesh, which means \\\"sparkling water\\\". In recent years, the lake has become increasingly popular as a residential and recreational area, which has raised concern for the lake water quality. Citizens and local government believe the lake suffers harm from increased loads of nutrients, including phosphorus and nitrogen, from septic systems, fertilizers, and runoff from roads. The most obvious change has been the introduction of zebra mussels. Zebra mussels, which have no known predators in U.S. waters, threaten the existence of native clams and result in more vegetation growing on the\",\n \"title\": \"Higgins Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1955978\",\n \"text\": \"has been victim to zebra mussel, purple loosestrife, black crappie, spiny water flea, round goby, rusty crayfish and Eurasian milfoil invasions. The zebra mussel, which arrived in North American waters in 1985, originated in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea area and is thought to have been brought to North America in the ballast of foreign freighters. Zebra mussels are particularly harmful to Lake Simcoe because they increase the clarity of the water allowing sunlight to penetrate to the bottom of the lake, where more algae and aquatic weeds can grow, accelerating the eutrophication process. The Rainbow Smelt are another\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Simcoe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6410338\",\n \"text\": \"zebra mussels, but they are restricted by the size of the clumps that they can remove. Though the drum do eat zebra mussels, they are not having an impact on the spread of this invasive species. Though they do not control the population of zebra mussels, they do contribute to a high mortality in the zebra mussels. During the summer, freshwater drum move into warm, shallow water that is less than deep. The freshwater drum then spawn during a six to seven-week period from June through July when the water reaches a temperature of about . During the spawn, females\",\n \"title\": \"Freshwater drum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709265\",\n \"text\": \"lakes. Smallmouth bass are a predator in the zebra mussels' adopted North American Great Lakes habitat. On June 4, 2014, Canadian conservation authorities announced that a test using liquid fertilizer to kill invasive zebra mussels was successful. This test was conducted in a lakefront harbor in the western province of Manitoba. However, there continue to be outbreaks in Lake Winnipeg. Similar tests were run in Illinois, Minnesota, and Michigan, using Zequanox, a biopesticide. Researchers have found that Niclosamide proves effective in killing invasive zebra mussels in cool waters. The native distribution of the species is in the Black Sea and\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709259\",\n \"text\": \"present. They are usually about the size of a fingernail, but can grow to a maximum length of nearly . Shells are D-shaped, and attached to the substrate with strong byssal fibers, which come out of their umbo on the dorsal (hinged) side. Zebra mussel and the closely related and ecologically similar quagga mussels are filter-feeding organisms. They remove particles from the water column. The zebra mussels process up to one liter of water per day, per mussel. Some particles are consumed as food, and feces are deposited on the lake floor. Nonfood particles are combined with mucus and other\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283333\",\n \"text\": \"(71.7%) taxa are listed as endangered, threatened, of special concern. The main factors contributing to the decline of freshwater mussels include destruction from dams, increased siltation, channel modification, and the introduction of invasive species like the Zebra mussel. Humans have used mussels as food for thousands of years. About 17 species are edible, of which the most commonly eaten are \\\"Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, M. trossellus\\\" and \\\"Perna canaliculus\\\". Nowadays, freshwater mussels are generally considered to be unpalatable and are almost entirely not consumed, although the native peoples of North America ate them extensively and still do today. In the\",\n \"title\": \"Mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20942011\",\n \"text\": \"mussels are a known aquatic invasive species and have been a possible risk to Lake Winnipeg since the 1980s when they invaded nearby lakes, including the great lakes. In 2015 zebra mussels became officially established in Lake Winnipeg, confirming these fears. The scientists aboard the Namao monitored the presence of zebra mussels as they became established, studied the environmental impacts of zebra mussels in the lake including the decline of native mussel populations, researched how they became introduced, and helped create and conduct control operations. Apart from research the Namao is also important in providing education and outreach programs to\",\n \"title\": \"The Namao\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2611901\",\n \"text\": \"lake level. The infestation of European zebra mussels, which has impacted many North American bodies of water, has also affected Keuka Lake and other Finger Lakes in New York. In addition to disrupting the lake's ecosystem, zebra mussels can be a nuisance to lakeside homeowners. Their small size enables them to clog water intake pipes. Furthermore, their sharp shells can cause lacerations on the feet of bathers. Bathers may wish to wear water shoes when swimming in the lake. The village of Penn Yan is at the northeastern tip of the lake, and Branchport is at the northwestern tip. Hammondsport\",\n \"title\": \"Keuka Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709270\",\n \"text\": \"on the genetic algorithm for rule-set production (GARP), a group of researchers predicted that the southeastern United States is moderately to highly likely to be inhabited by zebra mussels and the Midwest unlikely to experience a zebra mussel invasion of water bodies. However, this model has since been proven incorrect. In 2006 a researcher (also using GARP) predicted invasion as far west as the North Platte River, Nebraska, by 2015. As of March 2016, zebra mussels have affected hundreds of lakes in the Midwest including Lake Michigan, and the largest freshwater lake in Wisconsin, Lake Winnebago. See the March 2016\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709261\",\n \"text\": \"5 fold after the invasion of zebra mussels into Lake St. Clair. Zebra mussels attach to most substrates including sand, silt, and harder substrates, but usually, juvenile mussels prefer harder, rockier substrates to which to attach. Other mussel species frequently represent the most stable objects in silty substrates, and zebra mussels attach to, and often kill these mussels. They build colonies on native unionid clams, reducing their ability to move, feed, and breed, eventually leading to their deaths. This has led to the near extinction of the unionid clams in Lake St. Clair and the western basin of Lake Erie.\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709278\",\n \"text\": \"However, because they are so efficient at filtering water, they tend to accumulate pollutants and toxins. For this reason, most experts recommend against consuming zebra mussels. They are also responsible for the near extinction of many species in the Great Lake system by outcompeting native species for food and by growing on top of and suffocating the native clams and mussels. Zebra mussels also affect all classes of algae species, resulting in a shortage of food sources to native species of freshwater mussels and fish in the Great Lakes. However, zebra mussels and other non-native species are credited with the\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2264866\",\n \"text\": \"Mojave, and Havasu. By the early 2000s Arizona, California, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Nevada and Utah have all confirmed the presence of larval zebra mussels in lakes and reservoirs. Zebra and quagga mussels can be destructive to an ecosystem due to competition for resources with native species. The filtration of zooplankton by the mussels can negatively impact the feeding for some species of fish. Zebra and quagga mussels can attach to hard surfaces and build layers on underwater structures. The mussels are known to clog pipes including those in hydroelectric power systems, thus becoming a costly and time-consuming problem for water\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Powell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4285765\",\n \"text\": \"by non-native zebra mussels, which have depleted the level of dissolved oxygen, impacting fish populations. The population density of mussels in one particular section of the river below Cross Lake is considered among the highest in North America. Seneca River (New York) The Seneca River flows through the Finger Lakes region of Upstate New York in the United States. The main tributary of the Oswego River – the second largest river flowing into Lake Ontario – the Seneca drains in parts of fourteen New York counties. The Seneca flows generally east, and is wide and deep with a gentle gradient.\",\n \"title\": \"Seneca River (New York)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709262\",\n \"text\": \"This pattern is being repeated in Ireland, where zebra mussels have eliminated the two freshwater mussels from several waterways, including some lakes along the River Shannon in 1997. In 2012, the National University of Ireland, Galway, said \\\"The discovery of zebra mussels (\\\"Dreissena polymorpha\\\") in Lough Derg and the lower Shannon region in 1997 (McCarthy et al 1997, a & b) has led to considerable concern about the potential ecological and economic damage that this highly invasive aquatic nuisance species can cause.\\\" The lifespan of a zebra mussel is four to five years. A female zebra mussel begins to reproduce\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20845788\",\n \"text\": \"the lake. Among these are curly-leaf pondweed and Eurasian milfoil. Medicine Lake has also been confirmed for the presence of zebra mussels. On November 1, 2017, a resident notified the Minnesota DNR regarding a potential zebra muscle on a dock that the resident had pulled from the lake. On November 2, Minnesota DNR staff verified it was a zebra mussel and found two additional zebra mussels on two other docks in the lake. On November 9, 2017, the Minnesota DNR issued a press release publicly confirming that it had found zebra mussels in the lake. In 2018, the Minnesota DNR\",\n \"title\": \"Medicine Lake (Minnesota)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709277\",\n \"text\": \"into streams and rivers throughout the US. In some areas they completely cover the substrate, sometimes covering other freshwater mussels. They can grow so densely that they block pipelines, clogging water intakes of municipal water supplies and hydroelectric companies. Zebra mussels do not attach to cupronickel alloys, which can be used to coat intake and discharge grates, navigational buoys, boats, and motors where the species tends to congregate. Zebra mussels are believed to be the source of deadly avian botulism poisoning that has killed tens of thousands of birds in the Great Lakes since the late 1990s. They are edible.\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15426415\",\n \"text\": \"ballast water from cargo ships traveling from the Black Sea to the Great Lakes. After its introduction there, it was carried through the lakes and connected waterways via recreational and commercial traffic. A large part of the zebra mussel's ability to disperse has to do with its travel flexibility. In the larval stage, zebra mussels can float along passively. In the adult stage, zebra mussels can attach themselves to boats very well. Overland dispersal can be achieved, too, because these mussels can survive dry conditions for several days. This was most likely the way that they were introduced to California:\",\n \"title\": \"National Invasive Species Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10719101\",\n \"text\": \"total of over 50% of its range. One cause of the drop in population was pollution. The mussel is now extirpated from the Illinois River because of pollution. The habitat has been altered by impoundments, including dams and locks. Sedimentation may also have negatively affected the mussel. Overfishing may have reduced the population, as well. Today the worst threat to the species is the invasive species invasion of the zebra mussel. Zebra mussels attach to the shells of this and other native mussels, deforming them, preventing them from moving, and preventing their filter feeding. The zebra mussels can use up\",\n \"title\": \"Higgins' eye pearly mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709267\",\n \"text\": \"in 1824, and in the Union Canal near Edinburgh in 1834. In 1827, zebra mussels were seen in the Netherlands at Rotterdam. Canals that artificially link many European waterways facilitated their early dispersal. It is nonindigenous in the Czech Republic in the Elbe River in Bohemia since 1893; in southern Moravia, it is probably native. Around 1920 the mussels reached Lake Mälaren in Sweden. The first appearance of the organism in northern Italy was in Lake Garda in 1973; in central Italy, they appeared in Tuscany in 2003. Zebra mussels are also present in British waterways. Many water companies are\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5915461\",\n \"text\": \"Black-striped mussel The black-striped mussel (\\\"Mytilopsis sallei\\\") is a small marine bivalve mollusc in the family Dreissenidae, the false mussels. It is closely related and ecologically similar to the zebra mussel, \\\"Dreissena polymorpha\\\". The native range for this species is Central and South America. Like the zebra mussel, the black-striped mussel is a significant pest in many countries outside its original range. \\\"Mytilopsis\\\" is typically found in brackish water, unlike \\\"Dreissena\\\", which inhabits fresh water. \\\"Mytilopsis\\\" can tolerate wide fluctuations in salinity as adults which is then they breed like rabbits It is a native species of South America Panama\",\n \"title\": \"Black-striped mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709273\",\n \"text\": \"in the Red River near the lake in Selkirk Park in 2015. Large number were seen at Grand Beach (Manitoba) in 2017 In July 2010, the North Dakota Game and Fish Department confirmed the presence of zebra mussel veliger in the Red River between Wahpeton, ND, and Breckenridge, MN. As recently as 2008 California similarly reported invasions. In 2011, an invasion of zebra mussels shut down a water pipeline in the Dallas area. This resulted in reduced water supplies during a drought year, worsening water restrictions across the Dallas area. A common inference made by scientists predicts that the zebra\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15426417\",\n \"text\": \"in Michigan, 700,000/m of zebra mussels were found in the pipes, the diameters of which were reduced by two-thirds. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service once estimated that zebra mussel infestations could cost $500 million per year due to increased costs for utility companies and industrial plants, as well as loss of income revenue for fishing and fishing-related businesses. The economic repercussions of this type of species invasion can be devastating. The second issue with zebra mussel invasions is that they can deplete food sources in aquatic ecosystems. Zebra mussels are filter feeders, meaning that they consume microorganisms, and\",\n \"title\": \"National Invasive Species Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"540979\",\n \"text\": \"water and \\\"outcompeted the native clearwater crayfish.\\\" Other studies confirmed that transporting crayfish to different environments have led to various ecological problems, including the elimination of native species. Transporting crayfishes as live bait has also contributed to the spread of zebra mussels in various waterways throughout Europe and North America, as they are known to attach themselves to exoskeleton of crayfishes. Crayfish are kept as pets in freshwater aquariums, typically with bluegill or bass, rather than goldfish or tropical or subtropical fish. They prefer foods like shrimp pellets or various vegetables, but will also eat tropical fish food, regular fish\",\n \"title\": \"Crayfish\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"43249\",\n \"text\": \"Mohawk language, the community is called \\\"Kenhtè:ke\\\" which means \\\"the place of the bay\\\". The Cayuga name is \\\"Tayęda:ne:gęˀ or Detgayę:da:negęˀ\\\", \\\"land of two logs.\\\" The Bay, as it is known locally, provides some of the best trophy Walleye angling in North America as well as most sport fish common to the great lakes. The bay is subject to algae blooms in late summer which are a naturally occurring phenomenon and do not indicate pollution other than from agricultural runoff. Zebra mussels as well as the other invasive species found in the great lakes are present. The Quinte area played\",\n \"title\": \"Bay of Quinte\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2264867\",\n \"text\": \"managers in the West. Control policies have recently been introduced to alleviate the hydroelectric problems as well as ecological problems faced by Western infestation. Beginning in 1999 Lake Powell began to visually monitor for the mussels. In 2001 hot water boat decontamination sites were established at Wahweap, Bullfrog, and Halls Crossing marinas. In January 2007, zebra mussels were detected in Lake Mead and new action plans were announced to prevent the spread of mussels to Lake Powell. In August 2007, preliminary testing was positive for zebra or quagga larvae in Lake Powell. These tests were deemed false positives, but adult\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Powell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2264865\",\n \"text\": \"most native species on the Colorado River Basin are subject to ongoing restoration efforts of some kind. Bass Carp, pike and others Zebra and quagga mussels first appeared in the United States in the 1980s. The mussels were initially brought to the United States through the ballast water of ships entering the Great Lakes. These aquatic invaders soon spread to many bodies of water in the Eastern United States and have even made their way to the western United States. In January 2008, Zebra mussels have been detected in several reservoirs along the Colorado River system such as Lakes Mead,\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Powell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6410337\",\n \"text\": \"present for this species, although market price tends to be quite low. Thus, many freshwater drum are harvested as bycatch from targeted higher-value species. There has been some research on the freshwater drum's impact on the invasive Zebra mussel in northern lakes and rivers. Zebra mussels are consumed by freshwater drum once they reach a length of , but drum under in length only eat small mussels and reject the larger ones. The fish larger than exhibit less selectivity and consume mussels relative to their availability in lakes. These larger fish are not restricted by their ability to crush the\",\n \"title\": \"Freshwater drum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4287577\",\n \"text\": \"species. Many native predatory fish such as smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, walleye, salmon and trout have begun to prey on round gobies. The incorporation of the round goby into native foodwebs, coupled with the goby's ability to consume large numbers of invasive mussels (zebra and quagga), may result in greater bioaccumulation of toxins such as PCBs higher in the food chain, since these mussels filter-feed and are known to accumulate persistent contaminants. However, this is partly beneficial because even though they do not reduce the population of zebra mussels, they do control their population. Hence, it prevents a large scale\",\n \"title\": \"Round goby\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709275\",\n \"text\": \"in the Seneca River in central New York in the summer of 1993. This decrease was due to extremely high concentrations of zebra mussels in the watershed. Additionally, the Seneca River had significantly less chlorophyll in the water, which is used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass, due to the presence of zebra mussels. The cost of fighting the pests at power plants and other water-consuming facilities is substantial, but the exact magnitude of the damage is a matter of some controversy. According to the Center for Invasive Species Research at the University of California, Riverside, the cost of management\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1936500\",\n \"text\": \"zebra mussels rely on plankton and can filter significant amounts of phytoplankton and zooplankton from the water, altering the availability of an important food source for paddlefish and native unionidae. A few days after the fertilization of zebra mussel eggs, a microscopic larva emerges called a veliger. During this initial stage of development, which usually lasts a few weeks, veligers are able to swim freely in the water column with other microscopic animals comprising zooplankton. Veligers are poor swimmers, making them susceptible to predation by any animal that feeds on zooplankton. However, natural predation of zebra mussels at any stage\",\n \"title\": \"American paddlefish\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709272\",\n \"text\": \"Department of Conservation and Recreation confirmed that zebra mussels had been found in Laurel Lake in the Berkshires. That same year the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources announced that live zebra mussels have been found in Pelican Lake, Minnesota. This was the first confirmed sighting in the Red River Basin, which extends across the international border into the province of Manitoba. In 2013, their presence in Manitoba's Lake Winnipeg was confirmed and aggressive efforts to eradicate them in 2014 have not succeeded. New contamination was found outside treated areas of Lake Winnipeg in 2015 and they have also been found\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10710578\",\n \"text\": \"quality, affecting the ability of surviving mussels to reproduce and lowering the numbers of host fish. Dredging and channelization have profoundly altered riverine habitats nationwide. Channelization physically changes streams by accelerating erosion, reducing depths, decreasing habitat diversity, destabilizing stream bottoms and removing riparian vegetation. The invasion of the nonnative zebra mussel into the United States poses a serious threat to native mussels. Zebra mussels proliferate in such high numbers that they use up food resources. They attach to native mussel shells in such large numbers that the native mussel cannot open its shell to eat or breathe. Spectacle case pearly\",\n \"title\": \"Spectacle case pearly mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15426416\",\n \"text\": \"agricultural inspection stations have reported finding mussels on the hulls or motor compartments of at least 19 trailered boats arriving into the state. In addition to being able to travel long distances during both immature and mature stages of life, zebra mussels can produce up to several hundred thousand eggs in a single season. Zebra mussels are most disruptive in two ways. The first is that they can colonize and clog water supply pipes, thereby restricting water flow for systems used for cooling, fire-fighting, hydroelectricity, etc. Colonies can also be very dense: it was reported that at one power plant\",\n \"title\": \"National Invasive Species Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19873889\",\n \"text\": \"Can be carried by people through shoes and gear, pets and other animals can spread the seeds through their travel as well. -Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): These are believed to have come from the Caspian Sea in Europe in a ships ballast water. They are spread by uncleansed boats from one body of water to another as tourists move to different locations. There are ways to decrease the spread of non-native species such as taking care in removing seeds from shoes and pants after hiking or biking. Thoroughly cleaning boats when moving from one body of water to another and\",\n \"title\": \"Impacts of tourism\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709260\",\n \"text\": \"matter and deposited on lake floors as pseudofeces. Since the zebra mussel has become established in Lake Erie, water clarity has increased from 6 inches to up to three feet in some areas. This improved water clarity allows sunlight to penetrate deeper, enabling growth of submerged macrophytes. These plants, when decaying, wash up on shorelines, fouling beaches and cause water quality problems. Lake floor food supplies are enriched by zebra mussels as they filter pollution out of the water. This biomass becomes available to bottom-feeding species and to the fish that feed on them. The catch of yellow perch increased\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709279\",\n \"text\": \"increased population and size of smallmouth bass in Lake Erie and yellow perch in Lake St. Clair. They cleanse the waters of inland lakes, resulting in increased sunlight penetration and growth of native algae at greater depths. This cleansing also increases water visibility and filters out pollutants. Each quagga and zebra mussel filters about of water a day when confined to small tanks. In lakes, their filtering effects are usually spatially restricted (near the lake bottom) due to nonhomogeneous water column mixing. Because zebra mussels damage water intakes and other infrastructure, methods such as adding oxidants, flocculants, heat, dewatering, mechanical\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709276\",\n \"text\": \"of zebra mussel in the Great Lakes alone exceeds $500 million a year. A more conservative study estimated total economic costs of $267 million for electric-generation and water-treatment facilities in the entire United States from 1989 through 2004. Zebra mussels are filter feeders. When in the water, they open their shells to admit detritus. As their shells are very sharp, they are known for cutting people's feet, resulting in the need to wear water shoes wherever they are prevalent. Since their colonization of the Great Lakes, they have covered the undersides of docks, boats, and anchors. They have also spread\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16814443\",\n \"text\": \"chests by 20% to 30% may delay the onset of serious problems that could force an engine shutdown. Thermal treatment is a highly effective strategy for the control of zebra mussels (McMahon et al. 1995). Thermal treatment may include retrofitting a closed loop system to recirculate the heated water to the sea chest or the addition of a second sea chest system, allowing engine cooling water to be discharged through the idle sea chest. Recirculation of engine cooling water as a thermal control strategy has proved extremely effective in controlling zebra mussels (Palermo 1992, U.S. Coast Guard 1994). Sea chest\",\n \"title\": \"Sea chest (nautical)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11763401\",\n \"text\": \"In July 2009, zebra mussels were discovered in Laurel Lake in Lee, prompting the Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game to close Laurel Lake's boat ramp. A number of lakes around the area responded by closing their ramps, including Stockbridge Bowl. The Monterey Board of Selectmen voted to close Lake Buel's ramp and on July 22, the ramp was blocked off with a concrete barricade and padlocked chain. A non-native invasive species, zebra mussels were originally native to the lakes of southeast Russia. In the 1990s they began colonizing the Great Lakes, and have since spread into streams and rivers\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Buel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"239938\",\n \"text\": \"Chinook salmon) rather than the native species. Bald eagle and osprey populations are also beginning to recover. Invasive species are a problem for Lake Ontario, particularly lamprey and zebra mussels. Lamprey are being controlled by poisoning in the juvenile stage in the streams where they breed. Zebra mussels in particular are difficult to control, and pose major challenges for the lake and its waterways. The lake has a natural seiche rhythm of eleven minutes. The seiche effect normally is only about inches (2 cm) but can be greatly amplified by earth movement, winds, and atmospheric pressure changes. Because of its\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15499792\",\n \"text\": \"Arca zebra Arca zebra, or the turkey wing ark clam, is a bivalve mollusc in the family Arcidae, the ark clams. This species is found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies and Bermuda. It attaches itself to rocks or other hard substrates in shallow water with byssus threads. The shell of \\\"Arca zebra\\\" is boldly striped in brown and white which gives it a resemblance to the wing of a wild turkey. The whole shell (when both valves are together) has also been likened to Noah's Ark. It is a sturdy\",\n \"title\": \"Arca zebra\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15426436\",\n \"text\": \"Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force to work closely with lower levels of government in order to address the problems with zebra mussels. Another goal was to require all ships entering Great Lakes ports to exchange their ballast water in the open ocean. Six years after NANPCA, more invasive species were found to be causing negative impacts across the country, and Congress moved to expand the original act. Through NISA, the control of invasive species moves beyond zebra mussels and ballast water, although those two issues remain high in importance and priority. According to the National Environmental Coalition on Invasive Species,\",\n \"title\": \"National Invasive Species Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12510031\",\n \"text\": \"the wavy-rayed lampmussel include the largemouth bass and the smallmouth bass. These fish hosts are especially important to ensure healthy mussel populations. Like many fresh water mussels, the wavy-rayed lampmussel is extremely sensitive to changes in water quality. This includes chemical contaminants entering its habitat such as copper, ammonia and chloride, particularly during their glochidial and juvenile life phases. This, along with loss of habitat has caused a continuous decrease in the mussel's populations. Additionally, the introduction of the invasive zebra mussel has resulted in even greater reductions in population. By affixing themselves to hard surfaces the zebra mussels are\",\n \"title\": \"Lampsilis fasciola\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709280\",\n \"text\": \"removal, and pipe coatings are becoming increasingly common. Zebra mussel The zebra mussel (\\\"Dreissena polymorpha\\\") is a small freshwater mussel. This species was originally native to the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine. However, the zebra mussel has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas, and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, they have invaded the Great Lakes and the Hudson River. The species was first described in 1769 by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper rivers. Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2709258\",\n \"text\": \"Zebra mussel The zebra mussel (\\\"Dreissena polymorpha\\\") is a small freshwater mussel. This species was originally native to the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine. However, the zebra mussel has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas, and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, they have invaded the Great Lakes and the Hudson River. The species was first described in 1769 by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper rivers. Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen on their shells, though it is not universally\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18072378\",\n \"text\": \"a given site are chosen based on their abundance and ease of collection. “Mussels (\\\"Mytilus\\\" species) are collected from the North Atlantic and Pacific coasts, oysters (\\\"Crassostrea virginica\\\") from the mid-Atlantic (Delaware Bay) southward and along the Gulf Coast, and zebra mussels (\\\"Dreissena\\\" species), an invasive species, are collected from sites in the Great Lakes.” The majority of field collection and laboratory work is conducted by non-NOAA contract laboratories. At least once annually between November and March volunteers at each Mussel Watch site collect two groups of 50-100 bivalves. The samples must be collected within three weeks of the date\",\n \"title\": \"Mussel Watch Program\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"767698\",\n \"text\": \"species is ballast water. Ballast water taken up at sea and released in port by transoceanic vessels is the largest vector for non-native aquatic species invasions. In fact, it is estimated that 10,000 different species, many of which are non-indigenous, are transported via ballast water each day. Many of these species are considered harmful and can negatively impact their new environment. For example, freshwater zebra mussels, native to the Black, Caspian and Azov seas, most likely reached the Great Lakes via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel. Zebra mussels outcompete other native organisms for oxygen and food, such as algae.\",\n \"title\": \"Invasive species\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7000326\",\n \"text\": \"the ecosystems in the area. New animals or insects coming into or leaving an ecosystem can be just as damaging as pollution. A major food source for most fish in Lake Michigan had been Diporeia shrimp that have been drastically decreased by an infestation of zebra mussels. The Diporeia shrimp have declined from over 10,000 per square meter to virtually zero on the lake bottom because of these zebra mussels. In Lake Michigan the decrease in Diporeia numbers is extreme at 94% killed over the past ten years. Its neighbor, Lake Huron is down 57% in its Diporeia population in\",\n \"title\": \"Great Lakes Areas of Concern\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"239864\",\n \"text\": \"The improved farming practices, which were voluntary, were followed for a while, resulting in remarkable recovery of the lake in the 1970s. Unfortunately, the conservative practices are not monitored and have not been kept up. One recent account suggests that the seasonal algae blooms in Lake Erie were possibly caused by \\\"runoff from cities, fertilizers, zebra mussels, and livestock near water.\\\" A second report focuses on the zebra mussels as being the cause of \\\"big oxygen-poor dead zones\\\" since they filter so much sediment that this produces an overgrowth of algae. One report suggests the oxygen-poor zone began about 1993\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Erie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1451835\",\n \"text\": \"of the year\\\" in 2013. In 2015, there was a major explosion of zebra mussels in Lake Winnipeg, the reduction of which is next to impossible due to a lack of natural predators in the lake. The mussels are devastating to the ecological opportunities of the lake. It is believed Henry Kelsey was the first European to see the lake, in 1690. He adopted the Cree language name for the lake: \\\"wīnipēk\\\" (ᐐᓂᐯᐠ), meaning \\\"muddy waters\\\". La Vérendrye referred to the lake as \\\"Ouinipigon\\\" when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s. Later, the Red River\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Winnipeg\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2846345\",\n \"text\": \"resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. These antibiotics are regularly used in biological research as a selective pressure tool to promote plasmid expression. The strain referred to as Pf-CL145A has proved itself a promising solution for the control of invasive zebra mussels and quagga mussels (\\\"Dreissena\\\"). This bacterial strain is an environmental isolate capable of killing >90% of these mussels by intoxication (i.e., not infection), as a result of natural product(s) associated with their cell walls, and with dead Pf-145A cells killing the mussels equally as well as live cells. Following ingestion of the bacterial cells mussel death occurs following lysis\",\n \"title\": \"Pseudomonas fluorescens\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14897365\",\n \"text\": \"habitat as it is able to tolerate a wide range of temperatures (), low oxygen concentrations, and salinity up to 20%. It is found in lakes, canals and rivers living in a range of substrates. It is thought that zebra mussels change habitats by increasing the amount of benthic organic matter, which benefits \\\"D. villosus\\\" helping them to outcompete other species. When given a choice, \\\"D. Villosus\\\" spend more time feeding around zebra mussel shells than a bare substrate. \\\"D. villosus\\\" is omnivorous and feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including other members of the Gammaridae family. It has been\",\n \"title\": \"Dikerogammarus villosus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11350514\",\n \"text\": \"sharp-edged mussels. Water shoe A water shoe is a type of footwear that is typically used for activities where the feet are likely to become wet, such as kayaking. Water shoes are made of mesh and have a hard sole used to prevent cuts and abrasions when walking in wet, rocky environments. Water shoes are also used to protect people's feet in waters with sharp-rocked floors or zebra mussels, in which case their primary purpose is not to keep the wearer's feet dry. In some areas such as the Finger Lakes, wearing water shoes has become essential due to the\",\n \"title\": \"Water shoe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19161854\",\n \"text\": \"including the Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon; to the emergence of life on the continent and its later evolution; and, finally, to the more recent settlement of the land by humans. According to Johnson, \\\"Most people will not have considered a time when there was no North America ... What was there before North America? How did it form? When did it start? How did it come together?\\\" The documentary film is narrated by Kirk Johnson and includes the following participants (alphabetized by last name): According to James Gaines, film reviewer for \\\"LiveScience\\\", \\\"North America rocks. That’s what\",\n \"title\": \"Making North America\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20506470\",\n \"text\": \"did not allow for the divers to enter, but Daniel reported seeing sixteen corpses inside the hull. Merryman admitted that he was unsure if they had seen any human remains, since the wreck is heavily encrusted with zebra mussels, making identification of any such remains very difficult. A subsequent investigation of the wreck by divers from the Ontario Provincial Police and Canadian Forces did not find any human remains. Despite this, the wreck of the \\\"Jane Miller\\\" has been designated a protected archaeological site under the Ontario Heritage Act, and Merryman has not released the exact position and depth of\",\n \"title\": \"SS Jane Miller\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2264868\",\n \"text\": \"quagga mussels were found in 2013. In August 2010, Lake Powell was declared mussel free. Lake Powell introduced a mandatory boat inspection for each watercraft entering the reservoir beginning in June 2009. Effective June 29, 2009, every vessel entering Lake Powell must have a mussel certificate, although boat owners were allowed to self-certify. These measures were intended to help prevent vessels from transporting Zebra mussels into Lake Powell. Despite these measures, quagga mussel DNA was detected in 2012 and live mussels were found at a number of sites including the Wahweap Marina in Spring and Summer 2013. , the NPS\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Powell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283315\",\n \"text\": \"deep ocean ridges. In most marine mussels the shell is longer than it is wide, being wedge-shaped or asymmetrical. The external colour of the shell is often dark blue, blackish, or brown, while the interior is silvery and somewhat nacreous. The common name \\\"mussel\\\" is also used for many freshwater bivalves, including the freshwater pearl mussels. Freshwater mussel species inhabit lakes, ponds, rivers, creeks, canals, and they are classified in a different subclass of bivalves, despite some very superficial similarities in appearance. Freshwater zebra mussels and their relatives in the family Dreissenidae are not related to previously mentioned groups, even\",\n \"title\": \"Mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11567811\",\n \"text\": \"zebra and quagga mussels. These are highly invasive mussels that threaten aquatic habitats by competing with native species. The mussels act as water filters, removing microscopic plants and animals from the water, which limits the food sources for the native species. The wildlife around Montmartre is quite diverse, ranging from small rodents such as squirrels, gophers, and porcupines to big carnivores such as badgers, foxes, and coyotes. The white-tailed deer is the prominent species in the area, along with coyotes and the red fox. Many herbivores roam the area such as the snowshoe hare, the cottontail rabbit, the northern pocket\",\n \"title\": \"Montmartre, Saskatchewan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13343587\",\n \"text\": \"to proliferate continuously from year to year, since infected gonads produce cercariae instead of gametes. The location of the sporocyst (primarily in gonads), its overall shape, irregular branches, and the morphology of its cercariae with a bifurcated tail, distinguish \\\"B. polymorphus\\\" from other trematode parasites of zebra mussels in histological sections. Infection of \\\"B. polymorphus\\\" is geographically widely distributed. However, prevalence of infection in zebra mussel population is not common. A study by Lajtner \\\"et al.\\\", which surveyed the zebra mussel population in the Drava River in Croatia, found a prevalence of 21.3%. In the most extensive study conducted to\",\n \"title\": \"Bucephalus polymorphus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19248976\",\n \"text\": \"along the shores. Some of which include: Many of North America's fresh water fish species can be found in the lake throughout the seasons. Species popular with anglers include bass, bluegill, bullhead, catfish, muskellunge, northern Pike, perch, salmon, smelt, steelhead, sturgeon, trout, and walleye. Several invasive species also inhabit the lake, including zebra mussels, sea lampreys, alewives and round gobies. Anchor Bay, Michigan Anchor Bay is a freshwater bay that lies to the North and is a part of Lake St. Clair and is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. Anchor Bay is best described as the Northern region\",\n \"title\": \"Anchor Bay, Michigan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10259528\",\n \"text\": \"almost completely harvested, leaving just a few living freshwater mussels per mile. In 1908, in what was deemed a drastic response to the rapidly declining freshwater mussel population, the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries established a mussel propagation program at the Fairport Biological Station. The purpose of this program was to regulate the overharvesting of freshwater mussels. Freshwater mussels are slow growing sessile organisms, and their reproduction is complex. The button industry in North America was in trouble because years of overharvesting the freshwater mussels had caused a shortage of freshwater mussels and pushed many of the species close to extinction.\",\n \"title\": \"Unionoida\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5877467\",\n \"text\": \"mm long, while males are 5–6 mm. Male zebra spiders also have distinctly larger chelicerae than females. Spiders in the family Salticidae have especially enlarged anterior median eyes (AME), though the anterior and posterior lateral eyes (ALE, PLE) are also large when compared to the very small posterior median eyes (PME). In total there are eight eyes, with the very large anterior median eyes primarily responsible for its excellent binocular vision. These small spiders are black with white hairs that form stripes. Zebra spiders are widespread across Britain, Europe, and North America, and are found throughout the Holarctic. They often\",\n \"title\": \"Zebra spider\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4288561\",\n \"text\": \"Lake is roughly long and wide. It is at its deepest point. The lake's elevation is at above sea level. It is drained from its southeast corner by Chittenango Creek, which then flows north over Chittenango Falls and eventually into Oneida Lake's south shore in Bridgeport. The lake contains largemouth and smallmouth bass, rock bass, chain pickerel, pumpkinseed, black crappie, bluegill, walleye, yellow perch, white sucker, and brown bullhead. The north end of the lake is swampy, making navigation with a motorboat difficult. The lake has been impacted by several invasive species, including Eurasian milfoil and zebra mussels. Boating access\",\n \"title\": \"Cazenovia Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4845817\",\n \"text\": \"two intermediate stops. Meanwhile, studies suggest that the economic cost just from introduction of pest mollusks (zebra mussels, the Asian clam, and others) to U.S. aquatic ecosystems is more than $6 billion per year. In case of a bulk cargo ship, there is another environmental effect of ballast water. After unloading the payload a bulk carrier cannot simply return to the starting point, but it must load ballast to get the propeller submerged below water surface. The weight of the ballast increases fuel consumption compared to a hypothetical situation that the ship did not need ballast. A June 2011 National\",\n \"title\": \"Sailing ballast\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16462690\",\n \"text\": \"Virginia Oaks Golf Club. Beginning in the 1980s, and continuing until 1995, public access to the lake was possible via a private marina. In 1999 the marina operator and the City of Manassas did not reach a mutually acceptable contract extension and the marina was closed. Since then, there has been no public boating access to Lake Manassas. In 2004, citing concerns over terrorism and the possibility of contamination by Zebra Mussels, the Manassas City Council passed an ordinance making it illegal to operate a boat on Lake Manassas. Periodic attempts have been made by the city, county, and various\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Manassas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15692047\",\n \"text\": \"warpaint shiner is known to be a host for the Tennessee heelsplitter, a federally endangered freshwater mussel. In their larval stage these mussels are parasitic and need to attach to the gills or fins of fish in order to mature into juveniles. Because freshwater mussels are the most endangered category of animals in North America, the protection of the fishes that act as hosts for the mussel larva is essential for the recovery of the species. Warpaint shiner The warpaint shiner (\\\"Luxilus coccogenis\\\") is a species of freshwater fish found in North America. It is common in the upper Tennessee\",\n \"title\": \"Warpaint shiner\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8061421\",\n \"text\": \"located on the mitochondrial DNA, the male open reading frame (M-ORF) and female open reading frame (F-ORF). Hermaphroditic mussels lack these regions and contain a female-like open reading frame dubbed hermaphroditic open reading frame (H-ORF). It has been determined that in many mussels, the hermaphroditic state is ancestral and the male sex evolved later. It is also hypothesized that this region of the mitochondria may be responsible for the evolution of Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) seen in freshwater mussels. Widespread Africa Central America and Mexico Eastern Asia Europe India Middle East New Guinea North America In large enough quantities, unionid\",\n \"title\": \"Unionidae\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15338770\",\n \"text\": \"the Athabasca Delta in late summer, moving upstream in the Athabasca River. The longest single movement of a tagged whitefish ever recorded was , from Fort McMurray to the north shore of Lake Athabasca in Alberta, Canada. Fish of larval and postlarval stages feed on plankton. Once the larvae reach they switch to feeding on bottom-dwelling animals (snail, insect larvae, zebra mussels, and fingernail clams) which they will consume for the remainder of their lives. In late June and July, some inland lake populations of ciscoes and lake whitefish leave the deep, cool waters to feast on emerging mayflies and\",\n \"title\": \"Lake whitefish\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"558432\",\n \"text\": \"and damage to their new habitats (e.g.: zebra mussels and the emerald ash borer in the Great Lakes region and the lion fish along the North American Atlantic coast). Some evidence suggests that invasive species are competitive in their new habitats because they are subject to less pathogen disturbance. Others report confounding evidence that occasionally suggest that species-rich communities harbor many native and exotic species simultaneously while some say that diverse ecosystems are more resilient and resist invasive plants and animals. An important question is, \\\"do invasive species cause extinctions?\\\" Many studies cite effects of invasive species on natives, but\",\n \"title\": \"Biodiversity\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5469823\",\n \"text\": \"days. Estimates from the bureau estimated that visitations at Lake Berryessa dropped to less than half since the termination of all seven resorts. The Bureau of Reclamation held an open bid period in 2015 to businesses for developmental opportunities at Lake Berryessa. As of early 2016 there were no successful bids for any of the concession areas at Lake Berryessa. The management of Zebra and Quagga mussels for Lake Berryessa is managed by the SCWA and its interns. The program that has been going on for over 15 years informs, educates, and manages boaters for potential mussels. Any boater that\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Berryessa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2986388\",\n \"text\": \"71 acre site was removed for the NPL after successful cleanup goals were achieved. The Little Miami River is home to at least 87 species of fish, as well as many species of turtles, frogs, water snakes, birds, mammals and invertebrates. The river contains 36 species of mussels, including two threatened species, one of which is endangered. Ohio considers five of the species to be endangered. Recently, zebra mussels and Asiatic clams have crowded out native species. The river is protected by a number of nature preserves owned by Little Miami Inc., as well as by state and local parks\",\n \"title\": \"Little Miami River\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10713375\",\n \"text\": \"the zebra mussel. Prior to its endangered status, club naiads could be found in the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee River systems, and Lake Erie drainages. Currently, however, these mussels can be found in the United States in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Club naiad The club naiad, clubshell pearly mussel, or clubshell, scientific name Pleurobema clava, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States. Club naiads prefer clean, loose sand and gravel in\",\n \"title\": \"Club naiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19743240\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States as Asian carp, include several which are invasive. These species of carp cause harm when they are introduced to new environments. Specifically, the four most well-known species of invasive Asian carp are bighead, silver, black, and grass carp. The black carp feeds on native mussels and snails, some of which can be already endangered. Grass carp can alter the food webs of a new environment by altering the communities of plants, invertebrates, and fish. Silver carp feed on the plankton necessary for larval fish and native mussels. Silver carp have become notorious for being easily frightened\",\n \"title\": \"Asian carp in North America\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6162329\",\n \"text\": \"bullhead, and yellow perch. Some fish consumption guideline restrictions have been placed on the lake's bluegill and northern pike due to mercury and/or PCB contamination. Lake Hiawatha has much more garbage than any other Minneapolis lake. The lake is a stormwater outlet for the Corcoran, Central, Bryant, and Northrop neighborhoods, as well as the park's golf course. The Lake Hiawatha beach has been occasionally closed, such as in August 2014, because of unsafe levels of E. coli. Lake Hiawatha has been officially declared infested by zebra mussels since 2010, and in September 2013 park workers began finding mussels. Lake Hiawatha\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Hiawatha\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1936499\",\n \"text\": \"have impounded large populations of American paddlefish, and blocked their upstream migration to spawning shoals. Channelization and groynes or wing dykes have caused the narrowing of rivers and altered flow, destroying crucial spawning and nursery habitat. As a result, most impounded populations are not self-sustaining and must be stocked to maintain a viable sport fishery. Zebra mussel infestations in the Mississippi River, Great Lakes and other Midwest rivers are also negatively affecting American paddlefish populations. Zebra mussels are an invasive species well adapted for explosive population growth as a result of high rates of fecundity and recruitment. As filter feeders,\",\n \"title\": \"American paddlefish\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12128352\",\n \"text\": \"for zebra mussels throughout the New York City water supply system. Amends the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 to direct the Coast Guard to issue regulations to prevent the introduction and spread of aquatic nuisance species in the Great Lakes through ballast water carried on vessels that, after operating on the waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, enter a U.S. port on the Hudson River north of the George Washington Bridge. Authorizes a cooperative agreement with the Earth Conservancy to develop, and carry out along the Susquehanna River between Wilkes-Barre and Sunbury, Pennsylvania, a wetlands demonstration\",\n \"title\": \"Water Resources Development Act of 1992\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6279895\",\n \"text\": \"cold for outbreaks to occur. Sawtooth National Forest is home to over 243 bird species, 78 mammals, 28 reptiles and amphibians, and 29 fish. Invasive zebra and quagga mussels are potential threats to the forest's aquatic ecosystems because they can spread rapidly and cover large surface areas, including human structures, thus altering ecosystems, removing native mussels and threatening native fish. Wolves were controversially reintroduced to the SNRA in the mid-1990s to restore the ecosystem stability that they provide as top predators.This included managing high elk populations, which had inhibited new vegetation growth. Opponents to the reintroduction included hunters concerned that\",\n \"title\": \"Sawtooth National Forest\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18493611\",\n \"text\": \"York City waters to the Adirondack watershed. The research indicated that the trends were in line with the recovery that the Hudson River experienced over the preceding few decades, in response to the efforts of activist groups, government officials and industry by cooperating to help clean up the river system. In 1991, zebra mussels, an invasive species, first appeared in the Hudson River, causing the near-disappearance of native pearly mussels. In 2010, the NYSDEC determined that the Indian Point Energy Center, a nuclear power plant in Buchanan, was violating the Clean Water Act because of its large withdrawals of water\",\n \"title\": \"Pollution of the Hudson River\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12877301\",\n \"text\": \"volunteers from myriad organizations and businesses throughout the Grand Traverse region to protect Grand Traverse Bay from stormwater pollution. Macrophyte Bed Study: Macrophytes include rooted aquatic plants such as cladophora and algae such as chara, both of which are on the rise in Grand Traverse Bay. Scientists believe decaying cladophora on lake bottoms is linked to avian botulism, the culprit behind thousands of bird deaths in Great Lakes in recent years. The study utilizes aerial photography and its Bay Monitor tugboat to locate macrophyte beds in Grand Traverse Bay, noting water quality, sediment, phosphorus, zebra mussels and quagga mussels. This\",\n \"title\": \"Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7060066\",\n \"text\": \"Northern riffleshell The northern riffleshell (\\\"Epioblasma torulosa rangiana\\\"), is a subspecies of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This subspecies is endangered. This species was formerly found widely in the Ohio River basin, but now the population is fragmented into only three viable groups. This river mussel needs gravel river beds and swift-flowing, well-oxygenated water. The reduction in range seems to be principally due to damming and the consequential silting up of rivers below the dam and competition from zebra mussels. This species lives in Ontario in Canada. It was classified as endangered\",\n \"title\": \"Northern riffleshell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15426418\",\n \"text\": \"they do so at very fast rates. Microorganisms form the bottom of the food chain, and eliminating that food source can be dangerous to the survival of native species. The spread of the nonindigenous zebra mussels have greatly decreased the numbers of native mussels in Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie, which may be at risk for extinction. The Eurasian Ruffe (\\\"Gymnocephalus cernuss\\\") is another aquatic nuisance species that has spread to the Great Lakes, Wisconsin, and Michigan, after first being discovered in the St. Louis River Estuary of the Duluth-Superior Harbor in 1986. Originally from southern Europe, the ruffe\",\n \"title\": \"National Invasive Species Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4793225\",\n \"text\": \"the native mussel population) as the equally invasive zebra mussel of Russia. It is also displacing native burrowing amphipod (\\\"Diporeia hoyi\\\") from the deep waters of Lake Erie. In January 2007, quagga mussels were discovered at a marina in the Nevada portion of Lake Mead, and two other lakes on the Colorado River, Lake Mohave and Lake Havasu. In 2008 the threat of quagga mussels being introduced at Lake Casitas and Westlake Lake in California from recreational boating resulted in the lakes banning the use of outside boats. As of March 2008, other lakes such as Castaic and Lake Cachuma\",\n \"title\": \"Quagga mussel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"239860\",\n \"text\": \"as part of the university's Ohio Sea Grant College Program. In addition, the Great Lakes Institute of the University of Windsor has experts who study issues such as lake sediment pollution and the flow of contaminants such as phosphorus. A list of the common invasive species in Lake Erie include: Zebra Mussels, Quagga Mussels, Round Gobies, Spiny European Water Fleas, Fishhook Water Fleas, the Sea Lamprey, and White Perch. The invasive plant species that fill Lake Erie consist mainly of Eurasian Milfoil, and Purple Loosestrife, An ongoing concern is that \\\"nutrient overloading from fertilizers, human and animal waste\\\", known as\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Erie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2115320\",\n \"text\": \"the West.\\\" Largemouth bass, which are farmed and planted in the lake by California Department of Fish and Wildlife, crappie, catfish, bluegill, and rainbow trout can be found in the county's lakes. Fishing boats can be rented, and many stores and facilities around the lake specialize in fishing equipment. Numerous fishing tournaments and derbies are held through the year. Area wineries with tasting rooms include Guenoc and Langtry Estate Vineyards and Winery, Ployez Winery, Steele Wines, and Wildhurst Vineyards. All boaters entering Lake County are warned that Dreissenid mussels, otherwise known as quagga and zebra mussels are a great threat\",\n \"title\": \"Clear Lake (California)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10410984\",\n \"text\": \"at Le Havre. The bomb vessels' shells and carcasses set the town on fire on 23 July. On 1 August, the vessels kept a continuous fire for three hours. Still, it is not clear that the bombardment did much damage to the French flotilla. On 31 July the squadron did capture the French vessel \\\"Papillon\\\". \\\"Zebra\\\" was recommissioned in August 1804 under Commander William Parkinson. Lieutenant George Harris replaced him in 1805. His replacement, in March 1806, was Commander . Under Whinyates \\\"Zebra\\\" was on the North Sea station. Commander William Bowles took over in 1807. The \\\"Zebra\\\" then returned\",\n \"title\": \"HMS Zebra (1780)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8591761\",\n \"text\": \"Pelican Lake (Otter Tail County, Minnesota) Pelican Lake is a lake located about seven miles north of Pelican Rapids, in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. Pelican Lake is now a highly developed lake with its major uses being predominantly recreation, but its fishing is also excellent. The lake was recently discovered to be infested with zebra mussels, which threatens not only Pelican Lake, but all lakes connected by the Pelican River. The lake covers an area of , and reaches a maximum depth of in the northern portion of the lake. The lake got its name because of its\",\n \"title\": \"Pelican Lake (Otter Tail County, Minnesota)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18694432\",\n \"text\": \"largemouth bass, northern pike, ring perch, and walleye. The north part of the lake is a designated refuge for waterfowl. Boating and fishing are prohibited in these areas. There has been concern that the Asian carp will reach Lake Erie via Mosquito Creek Reservoir, but the probability of this occurrence has been deemed low. Invasive Zebra mussels have proliferated in the lake. This causes the lake's water to be more transpicuous than normal, and subsequently water-plants thrive in the ecosystem. Soon after construction the lake's water was considered among the best in the area, but man-made pollution from nearby residential\",\n \"title\": \"Mosquito Creek Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10707701\",\n \"text\": \"mussels. First, the male releases a trail of sperm into the water column. Then, when females come in contact with the sperm, they take it in through their siphons. Normally this process occurs during either respiration or feeding. Once the females have taken the sperm in, they retain it in their gills until the larvae (glochidia) have matured and are fully developed. After the larvae are ready, they are then released from the female's gills into the water. Shortly thereafter, the baby mussels will find a host fish to live off for a period of time. When the mussels have\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian elktoe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5408616\",\n \"text\": \"Heliconius charithonia Heliconius charithonia, the zebra longwing or zebra heliconian, is a species of butterfly belonging to the subfamily Heliconiinae of the family Nymphalidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of \\\"Systema Naturae\\\". The boldly striped black and white wing pattern is aposematic, warning off predators. The species is distributed across South and Central America and as far north as southern Texas and peninsular Florida; there are migrations north into other American states in the warmer months. Zebra longwing adults roost communally at night in groups of up to 60 adults for safety from\",\n \"title\": \"Heliconius charithonia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10259517\",\n \"text\": \"species close to extinction. The \\\"pearl rush\\\" in North America occurred in the mid to late 1800s as people could easily find freshwater mussels in rivers and streams by \\\"pollywogging\\\" for mussels, some of which had freshwater pearls which they could sell for a significant price. The art of \\\"pollywogging\\\" involves shuffling one's feet in the mud feeling around for freshwater mussels. Because this was relatively easy to do, and an easy way to make money from freshwater selling pearls, this period has been euphemistically called the \\\"pearl rush\\\", and some historians have compared it to the gold rush in\",\n \"title\": \"Unionoida\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":99,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"101"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays the voice of tiana in princess and the frog"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Anika Noni Rose"],"string":"[\n \"Anika Noni Rose\"\n]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"8378906","text":"in New Orleans during the 1920s Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's major characters. In February 2007, it was reported that \"Dreamgirls\" actresses Jennifer Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of Tiana, and that Alicia Keys directly contacted Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook about voicing the role. It was later reported that Tyra Banks was considered for the role as well. By April 2007, it was confirmed that Rose would be voicing Tiana. Three months later, it was reported that Keith David would be doing the voice of Doctor Facilier,","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521808","text":"Disney Princesses would appear, there are several backlashes from the viewers noticing her having a lighter skin tone, a narrower nose, and European features compared to her actual appearance in \"The Princess and the Frog\". As a result, Tiana's voice actress Anika Noni Rose and the advocacy group Color of Change contacted Walt Disney Animation Studios to redo Tiana's looks in \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\" to make the character look closer to her actual appearance in \"The Princess and the Frog\", which was reintroduced in the second trailer. Tiana (Disney) Tiana is a main character who appears in Walt Disney","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"10521780","text":"Tiana (Disney) Tiana is a main character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 49th animated feature film \"The Princess and the Frog\" (2009). Created by directors Ron Clements and John Musker and animated by Mark Henn, Tiana is voiced by Anika Noni Rose as an adult, while Elizabeth M. Dampier voices the character as a child Tiana is loosely based on two princesses: Princess Emma, the heroine of E. D. Baker's novel \"The Frog Princess\", and the princess from the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \"The Frog Prince\", which inspired Baker's novel. A hardworking waitress who dreams of opening her own","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"7239583","text":"see Mulan as a positive role model in her determination, risk-taking, and her conclusion of saving all of China. Disney promotes Mulan as role model who can help \"find your inner warrior.\" Tiana, voiced by Anika Noni Rose and animated by Mark Henn, is the ninth Disney Princess character to be incorporated into the franchise, appearing in Disney's 49th animated feature film \"The Princess and the Frog\" (2009). Her film is loosely based on the novel \"The Frog Princess\" by E. D. Baker, which is in turn based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \"The Frog Prince\". Tiana is portrayed","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"15432962","text":"the film's main villain. This is the first full song in the movie and the only one during the film not sung by one of the characters (Ne-Yo's \"Never Knew I Needed\" appears only over the closing credits). Tiana sings both a prologue to the song at the opening of the film, and a shorter version of the song as a finale at its end. Anika Noni Rose, the voice of Tiana, also performed the song in full for \"The Princess and the Frog: Tiana and her Princess Friends\" along with songs by other Disney Princesses, including \"Happy Working Song\",","title":"Down in New Orleans (song)"},{"docid":"8378906","text":"in New Orleans during the 1920s Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's major characters. In February 2007, it was reported that \"Dreamgirls\" actresses Jennifer Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of Tiana, and that Alicia Keys directly contacted Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook about voicing the role. It was later reported that Tyra Banks was considered for the role as well. By April 2007, it was confirmed that Rose would be voicing Tiana. Three months later, it was reported that Keith David would be doing the voice of Doctor Facilier,","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"17580569","text":"Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song) \"Almost There\" is a song written by Randy Newman for Walt Disney Pictures' 49th animated feature film \"The Princess and the Frog\" (2009). It was originally recorded by actress and singer Anika Noni Rose in her film role as Tiana. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 82nd Academy Awards but lost to \"The Weary Kind\" from \"Crazy Heart\". \"Down in New Orleans\", another song from the film, performed by Dr. John (with prologue & finale versions by Rose), was also nominated for the Oscar. Tiana and her mother","title":"Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song)"},{"docid":"10521798","text":"break the spell. Tiana and Naveen get married in the bayou. Once they kiss, they finally become human again because Tiana is finally now a princess and is shown wearing her princess ball gown. Louis \"terrifies\" the realtors into accepting Tiana's offer. Together, Naveen and Tiana open the restaurant, now named \"Tiana's Palace\" and dance under the stars. Tiana's singing voice is also provided by Anika Noni Rose. On October 26, 2009, \"Tiana's Showboat Jubilee!\" debuted with appearances from Tiana, Naveen, Louis, and Dr. Facilier, at the Walt Disney World Resort; and later at the Disneyland Resort. Tiana and Naveen","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"17194316","text":"European features than she did in the 2009 film \"The Princess and the Frog\". This led to some backlashes on social media as these drew her appearance away from that expected of African-Americans. As a result, Tiana's voice actress, Anika Noni Rose, and the advocacy group Color of Change contacted Disney to redesign Tiana for \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\" to more closely resemble her 2009 appearance; the updated character model was revealed in the second trailer. The same treatment was given to Pocahontas, the titular character of the 1995 film, as many viewers had pointed out that she was given","title":"Ralph Breaks the Internet"},{"docid":"18818536","text":"to the film and its characters\". When We're Human \"When We're Human\" is a song from the 2009 Disney animated feature film \"The Princess and the Frog\". It is performed by Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs], when they are sailing down a river and fantasizing about what they will do when they become human. It was composed by Randy Newman and co-orchestrated by Jonathan Sacks, and features Michael-Leon Wooley (as Louis), Bruno Campos (as Prince Naveen) and Anika Noni Rose (as Tiana). It \"is in the style of jazz\", while having \" a Mardi Gras party sound\". The trumpet","title":"When We're Human"},{"docid":"18818528","text":"When We're Human \"When We're Human\" is a song from the 2009 Disney animated feature film \"The Princess and the Frog\". It is performed by Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs], when they are sailing down a river and fantasizing about what they will do when they become human. It was composed by Randy Newman and co-orchestrated by Jonathan Sacks, and features Michael-Leon Wooley (as Louis), Bruno Campos (as Prince Naveen) and Anika Noni Rose (as Tiana). It \"is in the style of jazz\", while having \" a Mardi Gras party sound\". The trumpet solos are performed by Terence Blanchard","title":"When We're Human"},{"docid":"7278045","text":"role in the 2017 BET drama \"The Quad\". Anika Noni Rose Anika Noni Rose (born September 6, 1972) is an American actress and singer known for her Tony Award-winning performance in the Broadway production of \"Caroline, or Change\" and her starring role as Lorrell Robinson in the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". She also voiced Tiana, Disney's first African-American princess in Walt Disney Pictures' 2009 animated film \"The Princess and the Frog\". In 2014, Rose played the role of Beneatha Younger in the Broadway revival of \"A Raisin in the Sun\", for which she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best","title":"Anika Noni Rose"},{"docid":"7278039","text":"Anika Noni Rose Anika Noni Rose (born September 6, 1972) is an American actress and singer known for her Tony Award-winning performance in the Broadway production of \"Caroline, or Change\" and her starring role as Lorrell Robinson in the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". She also voiced Tiana, Disney's first African-American princess in Walt Disney Pictures' 2009 animated film \"The Princess and the Frog\". In 2014, Rose played the role of Beneatha Younger in the Broadway revival of \"A Raisin in the Sun\", for which she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play. She was named","title":"Anika Noni Rose"},{"docid":"8378887","text":"The Princess and the Frog The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 49th Disney animated feature film, the film is loosely based on the novel \"The Frog Princess\" by E. D. Baker, which is in turn based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \"The Frog Prince\". Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, the film features an ensemble voice cast that stars Anika Noni Rose, Bruno Campos, Keith David, Michael-Leon Wooley, Jennifer Cody, and Jim Cummings, with Peter Bartlett, Jenifer","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521787","text":"and John Musker opted against hiring \"big stars\" to voice the film's main characters, explaining, \"It can help with the identification of that animated character with the voice if you don't get an instant mental picture of the real actor.\" Several well-known African American female entertainers expressed interest in voicing Tiana, including recording artists Beyoncé, Jennifer Hudson and Alicia Keys, and actress and fashion model Tyra Banks. The role of Tiana ultimately went to actress and singer Anika Noni Rose, who co-starred alongside Knowles and Hudson in \"Dreamgirls\" (2006). When Rose was personally contacted by Disney about voicing Tiana, her","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"15432963","text":"another Academy Award-nominated song. A year before the film came out in theatres, Randy Newman himself performed the song at the 2008 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. The song was nominated for Best Song at the 53rd Grammy Awards; in this category and the Academy Award it lost to \"The Weary Kind\". \"Almost There\", another song from the film, performed by Tiana (Anika Noni Rose), was also nominated for the Oscar. Down in New Orleans (song) \"Down in New Orleans\" is a jazz song from Disney's 2009 animated film \"The Princess and the Frog\", written by Randy Newman. Several","title":"Down in New Orleans (song)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378906\",\n \"text\": \"in New Orleans during the 1920s Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's major characters. In February 2007, it was reported that \\\"Dreamgirls\\\" actresses Jennifer Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of Tiana, and that Alicia Keys directly contacted Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook about voicing the role. It was later reported that Tyra Banks was considered for the role as well. By April 2007, it was confirmed that Rose would be voicing Tiana. Three months later, it was reported that Keith David would be doing the voice of Doctor Facilier,\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521808\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Princesses would appear, there are several backlashes from the viewers noticing her having a lighter skin tone, a narrower nose, and European features compared to her actual appearance in \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". As a result, Tiana's voice actress Anika Noni Rose and the advocacy group Color of Change contacted Walt Disney Animation Studios to redo Tiana's looks in \\\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\\\" to make the character look closer to her actual appearance in \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", which was reintroduced in the second trailer. Tiana (Disney) Tiana is a main character who appears in Walt Disney\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521780\",\n \"text\": \"Tiana (Disney) Tiana is a main character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 49th animated feature film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" (2009). Created by directors Ron Clements and John Musker and animated by Mark Henn, Tiana is voiced by Anika Noni Rose as an adult, while Elizabeth M. Dampier voices the character as a child Tiana is loosely based on two princesses: Princess Emma, the heroine of E. D. Baker's novel \\\"The Frog Princess\\\", and the princess from the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \\\"The Frog Prince\\\", which inspired Baker's novel. A hardworking waitress who dreams of opening her own\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239583\",\n \"text\": \"see Mulan as a positive role model in her determination, risk-taking, and her conclusion of saving all of China. Disney promotes Mulan as role model who can help \\\"find your inner warrior.\\\" Tiana, voiced by Anika Noni Rose and animated by Mark Henn, is the ninth Disney Princess character to be incorporated into the franchise, appearing in Disney's 49th animated feature film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" (2009). Her film is loosely based on the novel \\\"The Frog Princess\\\" by E. D. Baker, which is in turn based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \\\"The Frog Prince\\\". Tiana is portrayed\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15432962\",\n \"text\": \"the film's main villain. This is the first full song in the movie and the only one during the film not sung by one of the characters (Ne-Yo's \\\"Never Knew I Needed\\\" appears only over the closing credits). Tiana sings both a prologue to the song at the opening of the film, and a shorter version of the song as a finale at its end. Anika Noni Rose, the voice of Tiana, also performed the song in full for \\\"The Princess and the Frog: Tiana and her Princess Friends\\\" along with songs by other Disney Princesses, including \\\"Happy Working Song\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Down in New Orleans (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378906\",\n \"text\": \"in New Orleans during the 1920s Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's major characters. In February 2007, it was reported that \\\"Dreamgirls\\\" actresses Jennifer Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of Tiana, and that Alicia Keys directly contacted Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook about voicing the role. It was later reported that Tyra Banks was considered for the role as well. By April 2007, it was confirmed that Rose would be voicing Tiana. Three months later, it was reported that Keith David would be doing the voice of Doctor Facilier,\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17580569\",\n \"text\": \"Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song) \\\"Almost There\\\" is a song written by Randy Newman for Walt Disney Pictures' 49th animated feature film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" (2009). It was originally recorded by actress and singer Anika Noni Rose in her film role as Tiana. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 82nd Academy Awards but lost to \\\"The Weary Kind\\\" from \\\"Crazy Heart\\\". \\\"Down in New Orleans\\\", another song from the film, performed by Dr. John (with prologue & finale versions by Rose), was also nominated for the Oscar. Tiana and her mother\",\n \"title\": \"Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521798\",\n \"text\": \"break the spell. Tiana and Naveen get married in the bayou. Once they kiss, they finally become human again because Tiana is finally now a princess and is shown wearing her princess ball gown. Louis \\\"terrifies\\\" the realtors into accepting Tiana's offer. Together, Naveen and Tiana open the restaurant, now named \\\"Tiana's Palace\\\" and dance under the stars. Tiana's singing voice is also provided by Anika Noni Rose. On October 26, 2009, \\\"Tiana's Showboat Jubilee!\\\" debuted with appearances from Tiana, Naveen, Louis, and Dr. Facilier, at the Walt Disney World Resort; and later at the Disneyland Resort. Tiana and Naveen\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17194316\",\n \"text\": \"European features than she did in the 2009 film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". This led to some backlashes on social media as these drew her appearance away from that expected of African-Americans. As a result, Tiana's voice actress, Anika Noni Rose, and the advocacy group Color of Change contacted Disney to redesign Tiana for \\\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\\\" to more closely resemble her 2009 appearance; the updated character model was revealed in the second trailer. The same treatment was given to Pocahontas, the titular character of the 1995 film, as many viewers had pointed out that she was given\",\n \"title\": \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18818536\",\n \"text\": \"to the film and its characters\\\". When We're Human \\\"When We're Human\\\" is a song from the 2009 Disney animated feature film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". It is performed by Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs], when they are sailing down a river and fantasizing about what they will do when they become human. It was composed by Randy Newman and co-orchestrated by Jonathan Sacks, and features Michael-Leon Wooley (as Louis), Bruno Campos (as Prince Naveen) and Anika Noni Rose (as Tiana). It \\\"is in the style of jazz\\\", while having \\\" a Mardi Gras party sound\\\". The trumpet\",\n \"title\": \"When We're Human\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18818528\",\n \"text\": \"When We're Human \\\"When We're Human\\\" is a song from the 2009 Disney animated feature film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". It is performed by Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs], when they are sailing down a river and fantasizing about what they will do when they become human. It was composed by Randy Newman and co-orchestrated by Jonathan Sacks, and features Michael-Leon Wooley (as Louis), Bruno Campos (as Prince Naveen) and Anika Noni Rose (as Tiana). It \\\"is in the style of jazz\\\", while having \\\" a Mardi Gras party sound\\\". The trumpet solos are performed by Terence Blanchard\",\n \"title\": \"When We're Human\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7278045\",\n \"text\": \"role in the 2017 BET drama \\\"The Quad\\\". Anika Noni Rose Anika Noni Rose (born September 6, 1972) is an American actress and singer known for her Tony Award-winning performance in the Broadway production of \\\"Caroline, or Change\\\" and her starring role as Lorrell Robinson in the 2006 film \\\"Dreamgirls\\\". She also voiced Tiana, Disney's first African-American princess in Walt Disney Pictures' 2009 animated film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". In 2014, Rose played the role of Beneatha Younger in the Broadway revival of \\\"A Raisin in the Sun\\\", for which she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best\",\n \"title\": \"Anika Noni Rose\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7278039\",\n \"text\": \"Anika Noni Rose Anika Noni Rose (born September 6, 1972) is an American actress and singer known for her Tony Award-winning performance in the Broadway production of \\\"Caroline, or Change\\\" and her starring role as Lorrell Robinson in the 2006 film \\\"Dreamgirls\\\". She also voiced Tiana, Disney's first African-American princess in Walt Disney Pictures' 2009 animated film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". In 2014, Rose played the role of Beneatha Younger in the Broadway revival of \\\"A Raisin in the Sun\\\", for which she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play. She was named\",\n \"title\": \"Anika Noni Rose\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378887\",\n \"text\": \"The Princess and the Frog The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 49th Disney animated feature film, the film is loosely based on the novel \\\"The Frog Princess\\\" by E. D. Baker, which is in turn based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \\\"The Frog Prince\\\". Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, the film features an ensemble voice cast that stars Anika Noni Rose, Bruno Campos, Keith David, Michael-Leon Wooley, Jennifer Cody, and Jim Cummings, with Peter Bartlett, Jenifer\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521787\",\n \"text\": \"and John Musker opted against hiring \\\"big stars\\\" to voice the film's main characters, explaining, \\\"It can help with the identification of that animated character with the voice if you don't get an instant mental picture of the real actor.\\\" Several well-known African American female entertainers expressed interest in voicing Tiana, including recording artists Beyoncé, Jennifer Hudson and Alicia Keys, and actress and fashion model Tyra Banks. The role of Tiana ultimately went to actress and singer Anika Noni Rose, who co-starred alongside Knowles and Hudson in \\\"Dreamgirls\\\" (2006). When Rose was personally contacted by Disney about voicing Tiana, her\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15432963\",\n \"text\": \"another Academy Award-nominated song. A year before the film came out in theatres, Randy Newman himself performed the song at the 2008 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. The song was nominated for Best Song at the 53rd Grammy Awards; in this category and the Academy Award it lost to \\\"The Weary Kind\\\". \\\"Almost There\\\", another song from the film, performed by Tiana (Anika Noni Rose), was also nominated for the Oscar. Down in New Orleans (song) \\\"Down in New Orleans\\\" is a jazz song from Disney's 2009 animated film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", written by Randy Newman. Several\",\n \"title\": \"Down in New Orleans (song)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"8378893","text":"which Facilier intends to use to have Lawrence marry Charlotte, after which, he will kill La Bouff and claim his fortune. At the ball, Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder. Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume, asks her to kiss him and break Facilier's spell. In exchange for the money needed, Tiana accepts, but since she's not an actual princess, when she kisses Naveen, she is turned into a frog herself. A chase ensues, and Tiana and Naveen escape to a bayou. In the bayou, Tiana","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521783","text":"fairy tale, choosing 1920s New Orleans as its setting. Although originally conceived as a computer-animated film, Clements and Musker fought for \"The Princess and the Frog\" to be traditionally animated. Tiana is loosely based on both Princess Emma, the heroine of Baker's novel, and the princess who appears in the Grimm fairy tale. Clements described Baker's \"The Frog Princess\" as \"a kind of fairy tale with a twist\" because in it \"the princess kissed the frog and instead of him turning into a prince she turned into a frog.\" Clements and Musker pitched the idea for the film to Walt","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"8378888","text":"Lewis, Oprah Winfrey, Terrence Howard, and John Goodman. Set in 1920s New Orleans, the film tells the story of a hardworking waitress named Tiana who dreams of owning her own restaurant. After kissing a prince who has been turned into a frog by an evil voodoo sorcerer, Tiana becomes a frog herself and must find a way to turn back into a human before it is too late. \"The Princess and the Frog\" began production under the working title \"The Frog Princess\". It marked Disney's brief return to traditional animation, as it was the studio's first traditionally animated film since","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521807","text":"in Anaheim, California, to commemorate her work on \"The Princess and the Frog\". At the same ceremony, actresses Jodi Benson, Paige O'Hara, Linda Larkin, and Lea Salonga were also honored with awards for their individual contributions to Disney, having each at some point loaned their voice to a Disney princess. On March 12, 2012, Sociological Images published a post arguing that using the Disney character Tiana to advertise watermelon candy perpetrated the racist watermelon stereotype. This criticism was reported on some other blogs. Upon the releases of the trailers on \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\", in which Tiana and the other","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"20299518","text":"the ruby and the frog. Tiana immediately threatens him with a sword, but Facilier responds by using a voodoo doll he made in her likeness to injure her. Tiana is able to rescue the frog, but Facilier uses his magic to disappear with the ruby. Tiana later returns the frog to Marias, who thanks her. He kisses the frog, using true love's kiss to break the curse that Facilier placed on them; it turns out that instead of him transforming the frog into a princess, it's the other way around, as Marias transforms back into a frog and is reunited","title":"Greenbacks (Once Upon a Time)"},{"docid":"10521794","text":"she was outbid by someone for the sugar mill and that it is probably a good thing given her 'background'. When Tiana accidentally ruins her costume, Charlotte is kind enough to replace it with one of her own. Out of desperation, Tiana wishes on a star, only to be greeted by a talking frog, who claims to be Prince Naveen. Mistaking her for a princess because of her costume, Naveen promises to give Tiana the money she needs if she turns him human again by kissing him. After some persuasion, Tiana succumbs, but becomes a frog instead. While on the","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"8378903","text":"film with a black heroine was an affront to the Katrina victims' plight. In response to these early criticisms, the film's title was changed in May 2007 from \"The Frog Princess\" to \"The Princess and the Frog\". The name \"Maddy\" was changed to \"Tiana\", and the character's occupation was altered from chambermaid to waitress. Talk show host Oprah Winfrey was hired as a technical consultant for the film, leading to her taking a voice-acting role in the film as Tiana's mother, Eudora. The head of story, Don Hall, described the plot as a fairy tale \"twisted enough that it seems","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378895","text":"Naveen must kiss a true princess in order to break the spell. They return to New Orleans to find Charlotte, who is the princess of the Mardi Gras Parade, but only until midnight. Naveen tells Ray he loves Tiana and is willing to give up his dreams for her, but before he can tell Tiana, he is captured by the demons and brought to Facilier. After Ray tells Tiana that Naveen loves her, Tiana goes to the parade to find a human \"Naveen\" marrying Charlotte; but Ray rescues the real Naveen and steals the charm that disguises Lawrence. Ray finds","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378918","text":"Frog\" enjoyed a limited re-release in AMC Theatres, lasting from October 6–12, 2017 as part of the \"Dream Big, Princess\" campaign. \"The Princess and the Frog\" was supported by a wide array of merchandise leading up to and following the film's release. Although Disney's main marketing push was not set to begin until November 2009, positive word-of-mouth promotion created demand for merchandise well in advance of the film. Princess Tiana costumes were selling out prior to Halloween 2009, and a gift set of Tiana-themed hair-care products from Carol's Daughter sold out in seven hours on the company's website. Other planned","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521781","text":"restaurant, Tiana finds her progress stalled when she transforms into a frog after desperately kissing a prince who has been turned into one by an evil witch doctor. The ninth Disney Princess, Tiana is the first to be of African-American heritage. Tiana has been mostly positively received, with critics praising her personality and values. However, the depiction of Tiana and her community has been criticized for lacking \"emphasis on racial issues\". The decision to depict the two main characters, Tiana and Naveen, as frogs for the majority of the movie has also caused controversy, with some saying that it is","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"8378916","text":"Belle Evangeline\" (two solos for Ray). Newman composed, arranged, and conducted the music for the film, a mixture of jazz, zydeco, blues, and gospel styles performed by the voice cast members for the respective characters while R&B singer-songwriter Ne-Yo wrote and performed the end title song \"Never Knew I Needed\", an R&B love song referring to the romance between the film's two main characters, Tiana and Naveen. Supported by a music video by Melina, \"Never Knew I Needed\" was issued to radio outlets as a commercial single from the . The film's soundtrack album, \"The Princess and the Frog: Original","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378891","text":"Bouff listen to Tiana's mother read the story of \"The Frog Prince\". Charlotte finds the story to be romantic, while Tiana proclaims she will never kiss a frog. Fourteen years later, Tiana has grown into an aspiring young chef who works as a waitress for two local diners, so she can save enough money to start her own restaurant, a dream she shared with her deceased father. Prince Naveen of Maldonia arrives in New Orleans to better his financial situation. After being cut off by his parents, Naveen intends to marry a rich southern belle, and Charlotte is the perfect","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"12722907","text":"the voice for the character of Eudora, the mother of Princess Tiana, in Disney's \"The Princess and the Frog\" and in 2010, narrated the US version of the BBC nature program \"Life\" for Discovery. In 2018, Winfrey starred as Mrs. Which in the film adaptation of Madeleine L'Engle's novel \"A Wrinkle in Time\". She also lent her voice to an animated virtual-reality short film written and directed by Eric Darnell, starring John Legend, titled \"Crow: The Legend\", telling a native American origin tale. Winfrey has co-authored five books. At the announcement of a weight-loss book in 2005, co-authored with her","title":"Oprah Winfrey"},{"docid":"7239584","text":"as being a hardworking, ambitious, and beautiful young woman who has no love interest (at the start of the film). Living in New Orleans, Louisiana, Tiana strives to achieve her goal of opening her own restaurant (an ambition inspired by the accomplishments of real-life restaurateur Leah Chase). However, she is transformed into a frog after trying to break a spell cast by a Bokor on Prince Naveen that had changed him into a frog also. Throughout the film, the pair must embark on a quest to find a way to break the spell. Tiana was officially \"coronated\" and became a","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"8378904","text":"new and fresh\", with a kingdom that is a modern city, a handsome prince that is a \"knuckleheaded playboy\" and a variation on the fairy godmother with Mama Odie. Co-writer Rob Edwards also said \"The Princess and the Frog\" was \"a princess movie for people who don't like princess movies\". As the writers thought Tiana's character motivation of simply dreaming of having her own restaurant was not appealing enough, they expanded so it was her father's as well, with the extra philosophy of \"food bringing people together from all walks of life\". Musker and Clements stated that while Tiana already","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"20041542","text":"Undercover\" as Judy Cooper. \"K.C. Undercover\" premiered on Disney Channel on January 18, 2015, and was renewed for a third season in November 2016. Stokes also guest starred on an episode of Disney Channel sitcom \"Austin & Ally\". In 2017, she made a guest appearance as Laura on the TV Land sitcom \"Teachers\". Stokes lent her voice for the Princess Tiana doll from the Disney movie The Princess and the Frog. She was also a guest star on Disney Junior's \"Doc McStuffins.\" In 2013, Stokes released \"Win Now\", an independent gospel single. In 2017, she released the independent pop single","title":"Trinitee Stokes"},{"docid":"7278042","text":"Featured Actress in a Play. After her film debut, \"King of the Bingo Game\", she played the role of Kaya in \"From Justin to Kelly\" in 2003 and she performed in \"Temptation\" in 2004, followed by \"Surviving Christmas\" as a singer in the choir. In 2006, Rose starred in \"Dreamgirls\" as Lorrell Robinson with Beyoncé Knowles, Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy. Rose appeared in the films \"Just Add Water\", \"Razor\", and Disney's 2009 animated feature \"The Princess and the Frog\", as the voice of the lead character Tiana; the character is Disney's first African-American princess. Rose hosted a","title":"Anika Noni Rose"},{"docid":"7239585","text":"member of the Disney Princess line-up on March 14, 2010, at the New York Palace Hotel in Manhattan, New York. Tiana marks the first princess in the \"fourth-wave\" feminist movement that initiated the most modern line of Disney films, including movies like \"Tangled\", \"Brave\" and \"Frozen\". Unlike her past counterparts, Tiana has received more praise than criticism for her depiction of female independence and of minority culture. Christopher Lehman, author of \"The Colored Cartoon,\" claims that, \"Princess and the Frog\" [i]s a step in the right direction because it deviates from those polarized caricatures with characters that are crafted with","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"8378920","text":"and boarded the park's steamboat. From there, the cast, starring Princess Tiana, Prince Naveen, Louis the alligator, and Doctor Facilier, would sing songs from the movie, following a short storyline taking place after the events of the film. The Disneyland version's actors actually partook in singing, while the Walt Disney World rendition incorporated lip-syncing. \"Tiana's Showboat Jubilee!\" ran at both parks until January 3, 2010. At Disneyland Park, the show was replaced by a land-based event called \"Princess Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration\", which features Princess Tiana along with five of the original presentation's \"Mardi Gras dancers\" and the park's \"Jambalaya","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521788","text":"expectations were not particularly high. She explained, \"I wasn't planning on being a princess. I thought I'd be like a weeping willow or something.\" To prepare herself for her audition, Rose made sure that she \"had a voice ready.\" Rose auditioned for the role of Tiana a total of three times. Both \"thrilled\" and \"ecstatic\" by the fact that she would be voicing Disney's first African American princess, Rose, a longtime fan of Disney who had always wanted to voice a Disney character, was \"surprised by some of the things that the community took issue with.\" When the film was","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"17580570","text":"Eudora, are at Tiana's restaurant. In the song, Tiana is singing that she is \"Almost There\" to successfully opening her dream restaurant. During the song sequence, the animation shifts to the same art deco style used in Tiana's picture of her dream restaurant that her father James gave her. Besides the original English version, Disney Character Voices International released The Princess and the Frog (including the song) dubbed in 41 foreign-language versions of \"Almost There\". Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song) \"Almost There\" is a song written by Randy Newman for Walt Disney Pictures' 49th animated feature film","title":"Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song)"},{"docid":"6040236","text":"both racial and ethnic diversity to Disney's animated fairy tale genre. The character has since been succeeded by three princesses of color: Pocahontas from \"Pocahontas\" (1995), Mulan from \"Mulan\" (1998) and Tiana from \"The Princess and the Frog\" (2009), ultimately \"paving the way in letting children believe that \"anyone\" of any race can be a princess\". The quartet is believed to have helped diversify the studio and introduce \"new visions of what a 'Disney Princess' could be.\" Additionally, as one of only two Disney Princesses who wear pants, Jasmine remains Disney's only princess whose official costume is not a gown","title":"Princess Jasmine"},{"docid":"8378905","text":"starts as a sympathetic character, the events of the plot make her \"understand things in a deeper level\" and change people around her. Both protagonists would learn from each other—Naveen to take responsibilities, Tiana to enjoy life—as well as figuring from Ray's passion for Evangeline that the perfect balance is brought by having someone you love to share the experience. Tiana became the first African-American Disney Princess. On December 1, 2006, a detailed casting call was announced for the film at the Manhattan Theatre Source forum. The casting call states the film as being an American fairy tale musical set","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378897","text":"and Naveen reveal their love to each other. Charlotte agrees to kiss Naveen so he and Tiana can be together as people. The clock strikes midnight before she can do so, but the couple decide they are content to live together as frogs. During a funeral for Ray a beam of light shines down and a new star appears next to Evangeline's. Tiana and Naveen are wed by Mama Odie; and because of Tiana's new status as princess, they are restored to human form after their kiss. Later, the couple returns to New Orleans to legally get married and celebrate,","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378896","text":"Tiana, gives her the charm and attempts to hold off the demons so she can escape, but Facilier manages to mortally wound him. Facilier then offers to make Tiana's restaurant dream come true in exchange for the talisman. Realizing she would rather be with Naveen, and recognizing Facilier's true intentions, Tiana destroys the talisman. The angered voodoo spirits claim Facilier himself as payment for his debts to them and drag him into the spirit world, leaving a tombstone with Facilier's name and horrified face on it. As Lawrence is taken away by the police, Naveen explains everything to Charlotte, Tiana","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378922","text":"described an \"adventure through the exciting world of New Orleans in a family-oriented video game\", featuring events from the film and challenges for Princess Tiana. \"The Princess and the Frog\" was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 16, 2010. The film is available on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc combo pack editions; the combo pack includes DVD and digital copies of the film, along with the Blu-ray Disc version. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Australia on June 2, 2010, and on June 21, 2010, in the United Kingdom. As","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521790","text":"pieces\". During her first recording session, Rose read through and recorded the entire script in eight hours, describing the experience as \"exhausting, but wonderful.\" She and co-star Bruno Campos, who provided the voice of Prince Naveen, recorded the majority of their dialogue separately. Mark Henn served as the supervising animator for Tiana. Henn was hired by Lasseter because he had animated nearly every Disney Princess since Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid\". Describing Tiana, Henn said that she is following \"a new trend in our princesses,\" likening her to Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid\". Henn was inspired by studio employee Jaimie","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"14507391","text":"and the Frog\" in which the princess character, Tiana, is the first black princess in the Disney Princess franchise. In her speech, Liz says that she wants to be with a man who \"will just shut their mouth\" when watching the ABC show \"Lost\". In its original American broadcast, \"Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter\" was watched by 4.216 million households, according to the Nielsen ratings system. It achieved a 1.9 rating/6 share in the key 18- to 49-year-old demographic. This means that it was seen by 1.9 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18- to","title":"Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter"},{"docid":"8378919","text":"merchandise includes a cookbook for children and even a wedding gown. Princess Tiana was also featured a few months before the release in the \"Disney on Ice: Let's Celebrate!\" show. The film itself was promoted through advertisements, including one from GEICO where Naveen, as a frog, converses with the company's gecko mascot. A live parade and show called \"Tiana's Showboat Jubilee!\" premiered on October 25, 2009, at the Magic Kingdom theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, and on November 5 at Disneyland in California. In Disneyland, actors in New Orleans Square paraded to the Rivers of America","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378890","text":"since the Disney Renaissance. \"The Princess and the Frog\" opened in limited release in New York and Los Angeles on November 25, 2009, and in wide release on December 11, 2009. The film was successful at the box office, ranking first place on its opening weekend in North America, and grossing $271 million worldwide. It received three Academy Award nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards: one for Best Animated Feature and two for its achievement in music (Original Song). It lost to \"Up\" and \"Crazy Heart\", respectively. In 1912 New Orleans, a girl named Tiana and her friend Charlotte La","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521791","text":"Milner, a film intern who was working in post production. The fact that Tiana is African American was \"never a big issue\" for Henn when it came to animating her, but drawing her as both a human and a frog proved difficult. He said, \"Tiana appears in the movie in so many different forms … she's a little girl, she's an adult human, and then she's a frog\". Rose's thoughts, ideas and concerns were taken into consideration when it came to finalizing Tiana's design. \"I … said I wanted it to look like she ate and wasn’t skinny, and she","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"8378894","text":"and Naveen meet Louis, a trumpet-playing alligator, and Ray, a Cajun firefly. Louis and Ray offer to lead Tiana and Naveen to the voodoo queen Mama Odie, whom they believe can undo the curse. During the journey, Tiana and Naveen develop feelings for each other. Meanwhile, Facilier makes a deal with the voodoo spirits, offering them the souls of the people of New Orleans; in exchange, the spirits grant Facilier the services of a host of shadow demons, whom he orders to find and capture Naveen. When the four find Mama Odie after escaping from hunters, she tells them that","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"8378915","text":"Animation), and Brooklin, São Paulo, Brazil (HGN Produções). During Disney's 2007 shareholder meeting, Randy Newman and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band performed the film's opening number, \"Down in New Orleans\", with famous New Orleans singer Dr. John singing, while slides of pre-production art from the film played on a screen. Other songs in the film include \"Almost There\" (a solo for Tiana), \"Dig a Little Deeper\" (a song for Mama Odie), \"When We're Human\" (a song for Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs]), \"Friends on the Other Side\" (a solo for Doctor Facilier), and \"Gonna Take You There\" and \"Ma","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521795","text":"run from hungry gators, Tiana strikes a deal with Naveen, demanding that once he marries Charlotte, he will use the money he gets from her to help Tiana buy the restaurant. Things change, however, on their journey to end the spell. They both meet a jazz-playing alligator named Louis and a Cajun firefly named Ray, who help them reach the voodoo priestess Mama Odie. Tiana and Naveen help each other escape from frog hunters and Tiana teaches Naveen to help her cook. As Ray sings an ode to his true love \"Evangeline\", Naveen shows Tiana how to dance, something that","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"7239608","text":"are in need of white assimilation. Reception to Disney's first African-American princess, Tiana, the star of \"The Princess and the Frog\", was mostly positive, and considered \"a step in the right direction.\" However, the film's New Orleans setting in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and references to voodoo drew criticism from parents and the media, as did Tiana's romance with a \"Caucasian\" prince. Tiana's love interest, Prince Naveen, has brown skin and has been interpreted as a non-white character. According to a Disney executive, Naveen's \"background was made up; he's whatever ethnicity they have in [Naveen's] fictional [homeland of] Maldonia.\"","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"14267371","text":"Fancy Nancy, Thèâtre de la Mode, Dick Tracy, \"Get Smart\", Disney Princesses, Mary Poppins, Davy Crockett, \"Pirates of the Caribbean\", Ava Gardner, Joan Crawford, Bette Davis, \"Gone With the Wind\", \"The Wizard of Oz\", Miss Piggy, Miss America and characters from the comic strip, For Better Or For Worse by Lynn Johnston. New licenses in the works include Tim Burton's \"Alice in Wonderland\", \"Lord of the Rings\", Disney's Prince of Persia, and Disney Princess Tiana, from \"The Princess and the Frog\", Disney's first African-American Princess. In 2002 Tonner Doll purchased the Effanbee Doll Company, Inc. to obtain the rights to","title":"Tonner Doll Company"},{"docid":"14970846","text":"[film] history\". Applauding the film for providing minorities with \"the chance to see themselves depicted as royalty for perhaps the first time\", Bryant identified Brandy as a princess for black girls to \"fawn\" over, which Disney would not revisit until \"The Princess and the Frog\" (2009). Similarly, Martha Tesema wrote in an article for Mashable that \"seeing Brandy as Cinderella on screen was groundbreaking\" having \"grown up in a time where future Disney characters like Tiana did not exist and the reason why didn't cross my mind—until this Cinderella. Seeing a princess with box braids like mine and a fairy","title":"Cinderella (1997 film)"},{"docid":"10521800","text":"Magic Kingdom called \"Princess Fairytale Hall\". In 2014, Tiana made a guest appearance on \"Sofia the First\". When visiting Walt Disney World visitors originally spotted Princess Tiana under a shady, forest gazebo at the edge of Liberty Square. Since June 2016, Tiana has been doing meet-and-greets at Princess Fairytale Hall. Tiana, alongside other Disney Princesses, appeared in the film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\", as was announced at the 2017 D23 Expo. A live-action character inspired by Tiana is a main character in the seventh season of \"Once Upon a Time\", and she is played by Mekia Cox. In the New","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"10521782","text":"equating people of color to animals. According to co-director John Musker, adapting the fairy tale \"The Frog Prince\" by the Brothers Grimm into an animated feature film had been a subject at Walt Disney Animation Studios for 18 years. The project was repeatedly shelved because the studio was unsuccessful in creating a version with which they were satisfied. Disney bought the rights to \"The Frog Princess\", a novel by E. D. Baker that is based on the fairy tale, in 2006. Co-directors Ron Clements and Musker were then hired to lead the studio in yet another attempt at adapting the","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"20299517","text":"steal the ruby. He explains that he isn't actually a prince, just a commoner who has made a deal with Facilier, to give him the ruby in exchange for reuniting with his love, who has been turned into a frog. After understanding the situation, Tiana lets Marias go. After receiving advice from Eudora, Tiana takes it upon herself to deliver the ruby to Facilier in exchange for the frog, claiming that the ruby doesn't possess any power, since she has the power inside her. Facilier, however, is in no mood to break off the deal, as he wants to keep","title":"Greenbacks (Once Upon a Time)"},{"docid":"8378892","text":"candidate. Eli \"Big Daddy\" La Bouff, a rich sugar baron and Charlotte's father, is hosting a masquerade ball in Naveen's honor. Charlotte hires Tiana to make beignets for the ball, giving her enough money to buy an old sugar mill to convert into her restaurant. Meanwhile, Naveen and his valet, Lawrence, meet the voodoo witch doctor Doctor Facilier. Inviting them into his emporium, Facilier convinces them that he can make their dreams come true, but neither man gets what they are expecting; Naveen is transformed into a frog, while Lawrence is given a voodoo talisman that makes him resemble Naveen,","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"10521786","text":"used as a \"slave name\"—they decided to change it to the Greek name \"Tiana\", which rhymes with \"Diana\" and \"\" (). Though \"Tiana\" () does not translate as \"princess\" (), it can be decoded as a portmanteau, coined by blending the princess names and . Vying to continue to approach the film with sensitivity, Clements and Musker sought guidance from screenwriter Rob Edwards, who is African American. In order to add emotional weight to the story, Clements and Musker placed further emphasis on Tiana's relationship with her father, James, who originally \"wasn't as much in the picture.\" Directors Ron Clements","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"10521802","text":"positively received. Helen O'Hara of \"Empire\" wrote positively of the character, describing her as \"a hard-headed heroine who works hard and displays a focus and drive\". Catherine Shoard of \"The Guardian\" praised Tiana, congratulating Disney for creating \"a heroine who's an actual character; a woman whose three dimensions you don't need to don daft specs to see.\" Betsy Sharley of \"The Los Angeles Times\" wrote positively of Tiana, describing her as both \"beautiful\" and \"boisterous\". Carey Bryson of About.com gave Tiana high praise, calling her both \"a fabulous new princess\" and \"a decent role model\". Tiana is notable for being","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"6432464","text":"a mention of the restaurant Galatoire's (which was segregated during the play's post-war 1940s time period) was changed to a mention of Dooky Chase's Restaurant, which was integrated. Leah Chase was also the inspiration for the main character Tiana in the 2009 Disney animated film \"The Princess and the Frog\". In a 2017 episode of the Travel Channel's \"Man v. Food\", host Casey Webb visited Dooky Chase to try their famed Creole gumbo. In 2013, Chase and her husband Edgar \"Dooky\" Chase Jr. founded the Edgar \"Dooky\" Jr. and Leah Chase Family Foundation. According to their official website, The Edgar","title":"Leah Chase"},{"docid":"7547234","text":"points. Second single \"Stadt,\" a collaboration with Ich + Ich singer Adel Tawil, was released to even greater success, reaching number two in Germany and the top five in Austria. It eventually became the fourth biggest-selling single of 2009 in Germany. Also in 2009, Steen voiced the character Tiana in the German dub of Disney's 49th animated feature \"The Princess and the Frog\". \"Never Knew I Needed,\" a duet with original singer Ne-Yo, was the first single to be lifted from the . In 2010, she won the ECHO Award for Best National Artist Rock/Pop. Cassandra Steen Cassandra Steen (born","title":"Cassandra Steen"},{"docid":"20228898","text":"series regulars for season 7. Additionally, Adelaide Kane, Mekia Cox, and Rose Reynolds were cast in recurring roles for the upcoming season. On July 15, it was announced that Ramirez would be portraying Cinderella, albeit a different version from the one previously played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons. On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from \"The Princess and the Frog\", while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in","title":"Hyperion Heights"},{"docid":"7547228","text":"in Germany. In 2010, she won the ECHO Award for Best National Artist Rock/Pop. Also in 2009, Steen voiced the character Tiana in the German dub of Disney's 49th animated feature \"The Princess and the Frog\". \"Never Knew I Needed,\" a duet with original singer Ne-Yo, was the first single to be lifted from the . Steen has since released two further studio albums, \"Mir so nah\" (2011) and \"Spiegelbild\" (2014). Steen is an only child born to a German mother and an African American father in Ostfildern-Ruit near Stuttgart, Germany in 1980. Steen married her manager Stephan Kocian in","title":"Cassandra Steen"},{"docid":"8378911","text":"of Tiana and Naveen, while the animators started with realistic designs, they eventually went for cutesy characters \"removing all that is unappealing in frogs\", similar to \"Pinocchio\"s Jiminy Cricket. Toon Boom Animation's Toon Boom Harmony software was used as the main software package for the production of the film, as the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) system that Disney developed with Pixar in the 1980s for use on their previous traditionally animated films had become outdated. The Harmony software was augmented with a number of plug-ins to provide CAPS-like effects such as shading on cheeks and smoke effects. The reinstated","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"20154413","text":"played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons. On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from \"The Princess and the Frog\", while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in the spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.\" In August 2017, Cox was promoted to series regular. On August 1, it was announced that Giles Matthey would return as an adult Gideon for the season's fourth episode. The episode, also featuring Emilie","title":"Once Upon a Time (season 7)"},{"docid":"8378921","text":"Jazz Band\" as they perform songs from the movie. \"Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration\" officially ended on October 3, 2010. However, it returned to Disneyland from 2011–2013 as part of the \"Limited Time Magic\" family-fun weekends. Tiana also appears in Disneyland Paris' New Generation Festival. Some of the characters appear frequently during \"World of Color\", the nightly fountain and projection show presented at Disney California Adventure. Disney announced on June 4, 2009, that they would release a video game inspired by the film and it was released on November 2009 exclusively for Wii and Nintendo DS platforms. It has been officially","title":"The Princess and the Frog"},{"docid":"7426440","text":"were James Baxter and Mark Henn. Belle was Henn's second Disney heroine, after he had previously contributed to animating Ariel. Henn was specifically assigned certain scenes to animate from the studio's Florida division, namely the character exploring the West Wing, the scene in which Belle tends to the Beast's wounds, and the \"Something There\" musical sequence. Having since animated Jasmine in \"Aladdin \"(1992), Mulan in \"Mulan\" (1998) and Tiana in \"The Princess and the Frog\" (2009), Henn has established himself \"as the go-to man behind many Disney princesses.\" To demonstrate that the character is not perfect, Woolverton described \"a little","title":"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"},{"docid":"17194315","text":"Hale and Kate Higgins, the current voice actresses for Cinderella and Aurora, were hired for the film; Pamela Ribon, the film's co-screenwriter, performed Snow White's voice for temporary tracks, but the team considered it a good substitute, allowing Ribon to voice her in the final film. The film contains over 150 unique sets and 5,726 assets. It also included the highest number of characters in any Disney Animation film, with 434 individual characters with 6,752 variants. In the initial trailer for the film, the African-American princess character Tiana appeared to have a lighter skin tone, a narrower nose, and more","title":"Ralph Breaks the Internet"},{"docid":"7239586","text":"individuality,\" those characters being either \"mammy\" or over sexualized versions of female African Americans. Instead, Tiana offers a new perspective as simply a hard-working woman who bears no reliance on a man. Disney says Tiana represents \"mak[ing] a dream real.\" Rapunzel is the tenth Disney Princess. First appearing in Disney's 50th animated feature film \"Tangled\" (2010), Rapunzel is based on the heroine of the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. Created by screenwriter Dan Fogelman, Rapunzel was originally animated by Glen Keane and is voiced by recording artist and actress Mandy Moore. The character was \"coronated\" and inducted into","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"10521804","text":"what we had in mind.\" Bidisha of \"The Observer\" was fairly mixed in her review, calling Tiana a \"one-dimensional\" but \"clever, strong woman\", while criticizing the film's light-hearted plot and lack of emphasis on racial issues. Patricia Williams of \"The Guardian\", who conceded harboring a general dislike of Disney animated films and the characters featured in them, including the princesses, accused Disney of being \"unforgivably late\" in their creation of a black heroine. Williams did, however, find Tiana to be \"spunkier than most princesses\", comparing her to Princess Fiona of the \"Shrek\" franchise, and reacted positively to Tiana's portrayal as","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"10521792","text":"has a full mouth and a little round nose and curly hair and these are all things that made her look distinctly herself,\" she said. Rose didn't want Tiana to resemble \"a cookie-cutter princess who had been coloured in brown. When I saw her for the first time and realized how much she looked like me I was really blown away.\" Rose also served as a form of visual, live-action reference for supervising animator Mark Henn as he worked on Tiana, videotaping her as she recorded her lines and incorporating some of her distinct characteristics, such as her dimples and","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"7239602","text":"Cinderella, Tiana and Rapunzel were main characters. Many of these characters are patterned after the Disney versions, but a few draw inspiration from older stories. The TV series \"Sofia the First\" premiered on January 11, 2013, on Disney Junior. Cinderella appeared in the first movie \"Once Upon A Princess\". Jasmine, Belle, Aurora, Snow White, Mulan, Tiana, and Merida have appeared on the show, and Ariel and Rapunzel appeared in the TV Specials \"The Floating Palace\" and \"The Curse of Princess Ivy\", respectively. However, Sofia is a minor princess and not in the royal court. She is voiced by \"Modern Family\"","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"17163238","text":"and states, \"You saved me. You are the princess of the kingdom!\" Then you take the bow off your pawn's head, and replace it with her corresponding crown. If playing Solo, the player signs in as Rose, the Pink Princess and plays as far as possible. If Rose is \"cursed\" and turned into a frog, then the Blue Princess will come in, this can continue until the player has won, or until all four Princesses have been turned into a Frog. In multi-player mode, it is game over if all four Princess pawns are in the same room and turned","title":"Enchanted Palace"},{"docid":"5123409","text":"The Frog Princess The Frog Princess is a fairy tale that has multiple versions with various origins. It is classified as type 402, the animal bride, in the Aarne–Thompson index. Another tale of this type is \"Doll i' the Grass\". Russian variants include the \"Frog Princess\" or \"Tsarevna Frog\" (\"Царевна Лягушка\", \"Tsarevna Lyagushka\") and also Vasilisa the Wise (\"Василиса Премудрая\", \"Vasilisa Premudraya\"); Alexander Afanasyev collected variants in his \"Narodnye russkie skazki\". Andrew Lang included an Italian variant titled The Frog in \"The Violet Fairy Book\". Italo Calvino included another Italian variant from Piedmont, The Prince Who Married a Frog, in","title":"The Frog Princess"},{"docid":"11400210","text":"Her unique voice earned her a recording contract with her label, Imperial Records, a division of Teichiku Entertainment, Inc. Currently, Tiana is a senior at Cornell University. Tiana also frequently updates an ameblo, a weblog in Japanese. Tiana's debut single CD, \"Sweet Obsession\", was released on January 23, 2008. The music was written and produced by Jeeve. The original lyrics of \"Sweet Obsession\", written in English, were penned by Tiana herself. Tiana also wrote the English portion of the lyrics in the B-side, \"Temptation\". Days after Tiana's debut, a controversial news article surfaced in several popular Japanese websites, including a","title":"Tiana Xiao"},{"docid":"11400209","text":"and performing. In order to improve her vocals and other performance skills, including stage presence and dance, Tiana studied singing with several private vocal coaches and attended classes at the Millennium Dance Complex in North Hollywood. In January 2006, Tiana began attending HIPAC, a vocal school located in Los Angeles. Her voice teacher saw tremendous potential in the then 15-year-old Tiana and trained her for about three months before sending a demo CD to a management/production company in Japan. A few months later, during the summer of 2006, Tiana was brought by her vocal coach to Tokyo for an audition.","title":"Tiana Xiao"},{"docid":"4987700","text":"Other scholars, however, argue that this may actually be a jab at the emperor Nero, who was often mockingly compared to a frog. In the tale, a spoiled princess reluctantly befriends the Frog Prince (meeting him after dropping a gold ball into a pond), who magically transforms into a handsome prince. Although in modern versions the transformation is invariably triggered by the princess kissing the frog, in the original Grimm version of the story the frog's spell was broken when the princess threw it against a wall in disgust. In other early versions it was sufficient for the frog to","title":"The Frog Prince"},{"docid":"19112353","text":"Helvy Tiana Rosa Helvy Tiana Rosa (born 2 April 1970) is an Indonesian playwright and writer. Rosa is a lecturer in literature at the State University of Jakarta. Rosa is recognised as an influential Moslem. She founded \"Forum Lingkar Pena\" which encourages young writers in 1997. Rosa was born in Medan in 1970 but she moved to Jakarta where her younger sister Asma Nadia, who also became a writer, was born. She went to the Universitas Indonesia and gained a degree in Arabic literature. Whilst at university she wrote and directed her own plays. She has gained a master's degree.","title":"Helvy Tiana Rosa"},{"docid":"10521805","text":"a tireless feminist restaurant tycoon. Writer Brooks Barnes from \"The New York Times\" highlights the two different issues for Princess Tiana, in her article \"Her Prince Has Come. Critics, Too\" that shows Disney with a good standing than with a negative standpoint, with the help of other writers expressing how, \"Disney should be ashamed\", said William Blackburn, a former columnist at \"The Charlotte Observer\". \"This princess story is set in New Orleans, the setting of one of the most devastating tragedies to beset a black community.\" From a rumor that surfaced online giving off that Disney was originally going to","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"13914198","text":"The Princess and the Frog (soundtrack) The Princess and the Frog: Original Songs and Score is the soundtrack of the 2009 Disney animated film \"The Princess and the Frog\". It was released by Walt Disney Records on November 23, 2009, just a day before the limited release of the film in New York City and Los Angeles. It contains ten original songs and seven score pieces, all but one of which were composed, arranged and conducted by composer Randy Newman, who previously worked with the film's executive producer John Lasseter on Pixar's films \"Toy Story\", \"A Bug's Life\", \"Toy Story","title":"The Princess and the Frog (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"7239618","text":"Disney Princess Disney Princess, also called the Princess Line, is a media franchise and toy-line owned by The Walt Disney Company. Created by Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney in the early 2000s, the franchise features a line-up of fictional female protagonists who have appeared in various Disney franchises. The franchise does not include all princess characters from the whole of Disney-owned media, but rather refers to select specific characters from the company's animated films and series. , the eleven characters considered part of the franchise are Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel, and Merida.","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"7239546","text":"Disney Princess Disney Princess, also called the Princess Line, is a media franchise and toy-line owned by The Walt Disney Company. Created by Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney in the early 2000s, the franchise features a line-up of fictional female protagonists who have appeared in various Disney franchises. The franchise does not include all princess characters from the whole of Disney-owned media, but rather refers to select specific characters from the company's animated films and series. , the eleven characters considered part of the franchise are Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel, and Merida.","title":"Disney Princess"},{"docid":"20281993","text":"secret reason for it that draws Henry into the mystery is displayed in the present day, along with another secret about Victoria that she has kept hidden. A excavator is featured in the background. At the location of the portal where she was supposed to meet Henry, Cinderella encounters Lady Tremaine's guards. However, the guards were attacked by Cinderella and at the last minute are ambushed by Princess Tiana, who happens to be the leader of a resistance group. As the two forged an alliance upon meeting each other, Tiana tells Cinderella that the prince killing her father was planned","title":"The Garden of Forking Paths (Once Upon a Time)"},{"docid":"20434224","text":"discovers a passage in the storybook, and Rogers and Weaver discovers a new twist that is tied to the doctor's death. In the past, Tiana is warned by Facilier about a threat that leads her to Naveen once again helping her in this quest. The “Rollin’ Bayou” is featured in the background. During the coronation of Tiana from princess to queen, Facilier shows up with a set of tarot cards to warn her of impending danger. Skeptical about his claims, Tiana decided to find out anyway with help from Cinderella and Hook. They soon stumble upon a major wreckage that","title":"A Taste of the Heights"},{"docid":"10521785","text":"is a big element of the movie.\" Tiana is recognized for being Disney's first African American princess. As the film's writers and directors, Clements and Musker claim that their decision to depict Tiana as an African American young woman came naturally simply as a result of the location in which the story takes place. Clements explained, \"We didn't realize it was that big of a deal,\" and originally gave the character the French name \"Madeleine\"—\"Maddy\" for short. However, when the name drew controversy and speculation as a result of alleged racial connotations—according to various sources, the name \"Maddy\" was commonly","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"10756417","text":"narrative darkens and Mufasa's death scene from \"The Lion King\" unfolds erratically on the bay. After a brief moment of silence, the show enters its climax. \"So Close\" from \"Enchanted\" plays as touching scenes from Disney's animated films (including \"The Lion King\", \"Bambi\", \"Dumbo\", \"Tangled\", \"Lady and the Tramp\", \"The Princess and the Frog\" and \"Beauty and the Beast\") are projected. The transformation scene from \"Beauty and the Beast\" takes place, being followed by other famous moments from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", \"Sleeping Beauty\", \"The Princess and the Frog\" and \"Cinderella\". Immediately following \"Cinderella\", the fountains and lighting","title":"World of Color"},{"docid":"20078966","text":"miniseries' supervising directors, and Sandra Lee served as art director. The miniseries features vocal performances from the show's regular crew: Jeremy Shada (who voices Finn the Human), John DiMaggio (who portrays Jake the Dog), Olivia Olson (who portrays Marceline), Tom Kenny (who lends his voice to Ice King), Hynden Walch (who voices Princess Bubblegum), Ward (who voices Lumpy Space Princess), and Niki Yang (who voices the sentient video game console BMO in English, as well as Jake's girlfriend Lady Rainicorn in Korean). Polly Lou Livingston, a friend of Pendleton Ward's mother, Bettie Ward, plays the voice of the small elephant","title":"Elements (miniseries)"},{"docid":"5123412","text":"starts his quest. Another variation involves the sons chopping down trees and heading in the direction pointed by them in order to find their brides. In the Russian versions of the story, Prince Ivan and his two older brothers shoot arrows in different directions to find brides. The other brothers' arrows land in the houses of the daughters of an aristocratic and wealthy merchant. Ivan's arrow lands in the mouth of a frog in a swamp, who turns into a princess at night. The Frog Princess, named Vasilisa the Wise, is a beautiful, intelligent, friendly, skilled girl who was forced","title":"The Frog Princess"},{"docid":"7364269","text":"Parish) and her two daughters Chelsea (Tiana Benjamin) and Libby (nicknamed Squiggle), cast to Belinda Owusu, who was 16 at the time. Benjamin has revealed that she was the second Fox to be cast, and on her final audition, she had a workshop and met Diane Parish there. Owusu was cast at a later date. Tiana Benjamin who plays Chelsea has said that the three actors who play the Fox family have a bond, commenting \"We all respect and understand each other, and manage to have a good time while we're filming too. I felt that we clicked from our","title":"Libby Fox"},{"docid":"3120539","text":"Jim Cummings James Jonah Cummings (born November 3, 1952) is an American voice actor and singer, who has appeared in almost 400 roles. He is known for voicing the title character from \"Darkwing Duck\", Dr. Robotnik from \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", Pete, Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Bonkers D. Bobcat and the Tasmanian Devil. He has performed in numerous Disney and DreamWorks animations including \"Aladdin\", \"The Lion King\", \"Balto\", \"Antz\", \"The Road to El Dorado\", \"Shrek\", and \"The Princess and the Frog\". He has also provided voice-over work for video games, such as \"Icewind Dale\", \"Fallout\", \"\", \"Baldur's Gate\", \"Mass Effect 2\",","title":"Jim Cummings"},{"docid":"10521796","text":"she has never done before because she was afraid to. Both frogs find themselves falling in love with one another, but are unsure how to say it. Eventually Tiana comes face to face with Facilier himself, who promises to make her dream of \"Tiana's Place\" a reality if she hands over a voodoo charm which plays a significant role in his plans. After reminding her of all the work she has done and the people who held her back, he shows her an image of her late father, telling her that she can make sure the dream he never lived","title":"Tiana (Disney)"},{"docid":"5123415","text":"revealed to have been an enchanted princess all along. This tale is closely related to \"Puddocky\" and its variants, in which a king sets three tasks to his sons to determine which is best suited to rule the country, and a transformed frog helps the youngest prince. The Frog Princess The Frog Princess is a fairy tale that has multiple versions with various origins. It is classified as type 402, the animal bride, in the Aarne–Thompson index. Another tale of this type is \"Doll i' the Grass\". Russian variants include the \"Frog Princess\" or \"Tsarevna Frog\" (\"Царевна Лягушка\", \"Tsarevna Lyagushka\")","title":"The Frog Princess"},{"docid":"4987701","text":"spend the night on the princess' pillow. The frog prince also has a loyal servant named Henry (or Harry) who had three iron bands affixed around his heart to prevent it from breaking in his sadness over his master's curse, but when the prince was reverted to his human form Henry's overwhelming happiness caused all three bands to break, freeing his heart from its bonds. A Russian folk version \"Tsarevna Lyagushka\" (The Frog Princess) has the male and female roles reversed: the male prince Ivan Tsarevich discovers the enchanted female frog who becomes Vasilisa the Wise, a female sorceress. It","title":"The Frog Prince"},{"docid":"16112249","text":"Mick Wingert Mick Wingert (born July 4, 1974) is an American voice actor and voice-over coach best known for his role as the voice of Master Po and Zeng in \"\", taking over the roles from actors Jack Black and Dan Fogler. He also does additional voice-over work in \"Kung Fu Panda\", \"Mass Effect 2\", \"\", \"The Technomancer\" and \"The Princess and the Frog\". He is not related to fellow voice actor Wally Wingert. Wingert was born on July 4, 1974 in Lemoore, California, and grew up in Fresno, California, where he began acting in local community theater and high","title":"Mick Wingert"},{"docid":"9623671","text":"Tiana Lemnitz Tiana Lemnitz (26 October 1897 – 5 February 1994) was a German operatic soprano. Her major operatic career took place between the two world wars (1919-1939). The youngest of 10 children, she was born in Metz to a musical family. Her father was a '. She began to sing at the age of seven and at 15 she entered the Metz Music School. Later, she studied voice with Antoni Kohmann at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. Starting with small opera companies, she made her debut in Heilbronn in Albert Lortzing's opera \"Undine\" in 1921. She then sang in","title":"Tiana Lemnitz"},{"docid":"8614190","text":"his nephew. The princess said she had promised to marry the prince and could not marry another. The frog went to the prince and gave him a marvelous horse to reach the dragon. He fought and killed it, freeing a prince who had been held prisoner inside the dragon's body. The prince and princess married. The Benevolent Frog The Benevolent Frog or The Frog and the Lion Fairy is a French literary fairy tale, written by Madame d'Aulnoy. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Orange Fairy Book\". A king's capital was besieged, and he sent the queen to safety. She","title":"The Benevolent Frog"},{"docid":"8614188","text":"because they were able to bring her quarry. The frog arrived in time to find the king remarrying, but the letter she carried convinced him that the queen was alive. With a ring from the frog, the king set out to rescue her. In the forest, he saw the lion fairy, in the shape of a lioness, carrying the queen and princess on her back. The lion fairy imprisoned the queen and princess in a castle on the lake, and told all the monsters, who had fallen in love with the princess, that the king would take her from them.","title":"The Benevolent Frog"},{"docid":"9623674","text":"(1937–48) and for HMV (1938-9). Tiana Lemnitz died in Berlin in 1994 at the age of 96. According to \"Musical America\", What more adjectives can do justice to the Elisabeth of Tiana Lemnitz! This beautiful voice, this superlative vocalism, this absolute supremacy of the technical and the interpretative in which the economy of gesture lent the whole a spiritual grandeur. It was wonderful ... Lemnitz remained unique in the perfection of her performance. An English reviewer wrote: \"The greatest moment of the evening came in the quintet [of Meistersinger]. Lemnitz, beginning the movement, sang so beautifully that—without being rude—one was","title":"Tiana Lemnitz"},{"docid":"8614187","text":"bouquet of rare flowers; the frog asked a friendly bat to gather them. Then the frog told her future: she would not escape, but have a beautiful daughter. The king discovered the wreckage of his wife's chariot and assumed she was dead. The princess was born, and the queen persuaded the lion fairy, who would gladly have eaten her, to let her raise the child. One day when the child was six, the frog went to find the king. It took her seven years, in which time the lion fairy took the queen and princess hunting, which lessened her cruelty,","title":"The Benevolent Frog"},{"docid":"12714725","text":"and the most recent, \"A Prince Among Frogs.\" The Frog Princess (novel) The Frog Princess is a children's novel by E. D. Baker, first published in 2002. The 2009 Disney animated musical feature film, \"The Princess and the Frog\", is loosely based on this novel. Emeralda, a.k.a. Emma is the princess and heir of Greater Greensward. One of her most distinct traits is her unique laugh, which sounds like a donkey's bray. The only person that appreciates her is her aunt Grassina, the current Green Witch. When her mother, Queen Chartreuse, says she has to marry the stuck-up Prince Jorge","title":"The Frog Princess (novel)"},{"docid":"12714717","text":"The Frog Princess (novel) The Frog Princess is a children's novel by E. D. Baker, first published in 2002. The 2009 Disney animated musical feature film, \"The Princess and the Frog\", is loosely based on this novel. Emeralda, a.k.a. Emma is the princess and heir of Greater Greensward. One of her most distinct traits is her unique laugh, which sounds like a donkey's bray. The only person that appreciates her is her aunt Grassina, the current Green Witch. When her mother, Queen Chartreuse, says she has to marry the stuck-up Prince Jorge from East Aradia, her worst enemy, she runs","title":"The Frog Princess (novel)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378893\",\n \"text\": \"which Facilier intends to use to have Lawrence marry Charlotte, after which, he will kill La Bouff and claim his fortune. At the ball, Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder. Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume, asks her to kiss him and break Facilier's spell. In exchange for the money needed, Tiana accepts, but since she's not an actual princess, when she kisses Naveen, she is turned into a frog herself. A chase ensues, and Tiana and Naveen escape to a bayou. In the bayou, Tiana\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521783\",\n \"text\": \"fairy tale, choosing 1920s New Orleans as its setting. Although originally conceived as a computer-animated film, Clements and Musker fought for \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" to be traditionally animated. Tiana is loosely based on both Princess Emma, the heroine of Baker's novel, and the princess who appears in the Grimm fairy tale. Clements described Baker's \\\"The Frog Princess\\\" as \\\"a kind of fairy tale with a twist\\\" because in it \\\"the princess kissed the frog and instead of him turning into a prince she turned into a frog.\\\" Clements and Musker pitched the idea for the film to Walt\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378888\",\n \"text\": \"Lewis, Oprah Winfrey, Terrence Howard, and John Goodman. Set in 1920s New Orleans, the film tells the story of a hardworking waitress named Tiana who dreams of owning her own restaurant. After kissing a prince who has been turned into a frog by an evil voodoo sorcerer, Tiana becomes a frog herself and must find a way to turn back into a human before it is too late. \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" began production under the working title \\\"The Frog Princess\\\". It marked Disney's brief return to traditional animation, as it was the studio's first traditionally animated film since\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521807\",\n \"text\": \"in Anaheim, California, to commemorate her work on \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". At the same ceremony, actresses Jodi Benson, Paige O'Hara, Linda Larkin, and Lea Salonga were also honored with awards for their individual contributions to Disney, having each at some point loaned their voice to a Disney princess. On March 12, 2012, Sociological Images published a post arguing that using the Disney character Tiana to advertise watermelon candy perpetrated the racist watermelon stereotype. This criticism was reported on some other blogs. Upon the releases of the trailers on \\\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\\\", in which Tiana and the other\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20299518\",\n \"text\": \"the ruby and the frog. Tiana immediately threatens him with a sword, but Facilier responds by using a voodoo doll he made in her likeness to injure her. Tiana is able to rescue the frog, but Facilier uses his magic to disappear with the ruby. Tiana later returns the frog to Marias, who thanks her. He kisses the frog, using true love's kiss to break the curse that Facilier placed on them; it turns out that instead of him transforming the frog into a princess, it's the other way around, as Marias transforms back into a frog and is reunited\",\n \"title\": \"Greenbacks (Once Upon a Time)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521794\",\n \"text\": \"she was outbid by someone for the sugar mill and that it is probably a good thing given her 'background'. When Tiana accidentally ruins her costume, Charlotte is kind enough to replace it with one of her own. Out of desperation, Tiana wishes on a star, only to be greeted by a talking frog, who claims to be Prince Naveen. Mistaking her for a princess because of her costume, Naveen promises to give Tiana the money she needs if she turns him human again by kissing him. After some persuasion, Tiana succumbs, but becomes a frog instead. While on the\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378903\",\n \"text\": \"film with a black heroine was an affront to the Katrina victims' plight. In response to these early criticisms, the film's title was changed in May 2007 from \\\"The Frog Princess\\\" to \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". The name \\\"Maddy\\\" was changed to \\\"Tiana\\\", and the character's occupation was altered from chambermaid to waitress. Talk show host Oprah Winfrey was hired as a technical consultant for the film, leading to her taking a voice-acting role in the film as Tiana's mother, Eudora. The head of story, Don Hall, described the plot as a fairy tale \\\"twisted enough that it seems\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378895\",\n \"text\": \"Naveen must kiss a true princess in order to break the spell. They return to New Orleans to find Charlotte, who is the princess of the Mardi Gras Parade, but only until midnight. Naveen tells Ray he loves Tiana and is willing to give up his dreams for her, but before he can tell Tiana, he is captured by the demons and brought to Facilier. After Ray tells Tiana that Naveen loves her, Tiana goes to the parade to find a human \\\"Naveen\\\" marrying Charlotte; but Ray rescues the real Naveen and steals the charm that disguises Lawrence. Ray finds\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378918\",\n \"text\": \"Frog\\\" enjoyed a limited re-release in AMC Theatres, lasting from October 6–12, 2017 as part of the \\\"Dream Big, Princess\\\" campaign. \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" was supported by a wide array of merchandise leading up to and following the film's release. Although Disney's main marketing push was not set to begin until November 2009, positive word-of-mouth promotion created demand for merchandise well in advance of the film. Princess Tiana costumes were selling out prior to Halloween 2009, and a gift set of Tiana-themed hair-care products from Carol's Daughter sold out in seven hours on the company's website. Other planned\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521781\",\n \"text\": \"restaurant, Tiana finds her progress stalled when she transforms into a frog after desperately kissing a prince who has been turned into one by an evil witch doctor. The ninth Disney Princess, Tiana is the first to be of African-American heritage. Tiana has been mostly positively received, with critics praising her personality and values. However, the depiction of Tiana and her community has been criticized for lacking \\\"emphasis on racial issues\\\". The decision to depict the two main characters, Tiana and Naveen, as frogs for the majority of the movie has also caused controversy, with some saying that it is\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378916\",\n \"text\": \"Belle Evangeline\\\" (two solos for Ray). Newman composed, arranged, and conducted the music for the film, a mixture of jazz, zydeco, blues, and gospel styles performed by the voice cast members for the respective characters while R&B singer-songwriter Ne-Yo wrote and performed the end title song \\\"Never Knew I Needed\\\", an R&B love song referring to the romance between the film's two main characters, Tiana and Naveen. Supported by a music video by Melina, \\\"Never Knew I Needed\\\" was issued to radio outlets as a commercial single from the . The film's soundtrack album, \\\"The Princess and the Frog: Original\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378891\",\n \"text\": \"Bouff listen to Tiana's mother read the story of \\\"The Frog Prince\\\". Charlotte finds the story to be romantic, while Tiana proclaims she will never kiss a frog. Fourteen years later, Tiana has grown into an aspiring young chef who works as a waitress for two local diners, so she can save enough money to start her own restaurant, a dream she shared with her deceased father. Prince Naveen of Maldonia arrives in New Orleans to better his financial situation. After being cut off by his parents, Naveen intends to marry a rich southern belle, and Charlotte is the perfect\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12722907\",\n \"text\": \"the voice for the character of Eudora, the mother of Princess Tiana, in Disney's \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" and in 2010, narrated the US version of the BBC nature program \\\"Life\\\" for Discovery. In 2018, Winfrey starred as Mrs. Which in the film adaptation of Madeleine L'Engle's novel \\\"A Wrinkle in Time\\\". She also lent her voice to an animated virtual-reality short film written and directed by Eric Darnell, starring John Legend, titled \\\"Crow: The Legend\\\", telling a native American origin tale. Winfrey has co-authored five books. At the announcement of a weight-loss book in 2005, co-authored with her\",\n \"title\": \"Oprah Winfrey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239584\",\n \"text\": \"as being a hardworking, ambitious, and beautiful young woman who has no love interest (at the start of the film). Living in New Orleans, Louisiana, Tiana strives to achieve her goal of opening her own restaurant (an ambition inspired by the accomplishments of real-life restaurateur Leah Chase). However, she is transformed into a frog after trying to break a spell cast by a Bokor on Prince Naveen that had changed him into a frog also. Throughout the film, the pair must embark on a quest to find a way to break the spell. Tiana was officially \\\"coronated\\\" and became a\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378904\",\n \"text\": \"new and fresh\\\", with a kingdom that is a modern city, a handsome prince that is a \\\"knuckleheaded playboy\\\" and a variation on the fairy godmother with Mama Odie. Co-writer Rob Edwards also said \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" was \\\"a princess movie for people who don't like princess movies\\\". As the writers thought Tiana's character motivation of simply dreaming of having her own restaurant was not appealing enough, they expanded so it was her father's as well, with the extra philosophy of \\\"food bringing people together from all walks of life\\\". Musker and Clements stated that while Tiana already\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20041542\",\n \"text\": \"Undercover\\\" as Judy Cooper. \\\"K.C. Undercover\\\" premiered on Disney Channel on January 18, 2015, and was renewed for a third season in November 2016. Stokes also guest starred on an episode of Disney Channel sitcom \\\"Austin & Ally\\\". In 2017, she made a guest appearance as Laura on the TV Land sitcom \\\"Teachers\\\". Stokes lent her voice for the Princess Tiana doll from the Disney movie The Princess and the Frog. She was also a guest star on Disney Junior's \\\"Doc McStuffins.\\\" In 2013, Stokes released \\\"Win Now\\\", an independent gospel single. In 2017, she released the independent pop single\",\n \"title\": \"Trinitee Stokes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7278042\",\n \"text\": \"Featured Actress in a Play. After her film debut, \\\"King of the Bingo Game\\\", she played the role of Kaya in \\\"From Justin to Kelly\\\" in 2003 and she performed in \\\"Temptation\\\" in 2004, followed by \\\"Surviving Christmas\\\" as a singer in the choir. In 2006, Rose starred in \\\"Dreamgirls\\\" as Lorrell Robinson with Beyoncé Knowles, Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy. Rose appeared in the films \\\"Just Add Water\\\", \\\"Razor\\\", and Disney's 2009 animated feature \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", as the voice of the lead character Tiana; the character is Disney's first African-American princess. Rose hosted a\",\n \"title\": \"Anika Noni Rose\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239585\",\n \"text\": \"member of the Disney Princess line-up on March 14, 2010, at the New York Palace Hotel in Manhattan, New York. Tiana marks the first princess in the \\\"fourth-wave\\\" feminist movement that initiated the most modern line of Disney films, including movies like \\\"Tangled\\\", \\\"Brave\\\" and \\\"Frozen\\\". Unlike her past counterparts, Tiana has received more praise than criticism for her depiction of female independence and of minority culture. Christopher Lehman, author of \\\"The Colored Cartoon,\\\" claims that, \\\"Princess and the Frog\\\" [i]s a step in the right direction because it deviates from those polarized caricatures with characters that are crafted with\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378920\",\n \"text\": \"and boarded the park's steamboat. From there, the cast, starring Princess Tiana, Prince Naveen, Louis the alligator, and Doctor Facilier, would sing songs from the movie, following a short storyline taking place after the events of the film. The Disneyland version's actors actually partook in singing, while the Walt Disney World rendition incorporated lip-syncing. \\\"Tiana's Showboat Jubilee!\\\" ran at both parks until January 3, 2010. At Disneyland Park, the show was replaced by a land-based event called \\\"Princess Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration\\\", which features Princess Tiana along with five of the original presentation's \\\"Mardi Gras dancers\\\" and the park's \\\"Jambalaya\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521788\",\n \"text\": \"expectations were not particularly high. She explained, \\\"I wasn't planning on being a princess. I thought I'd be like a weeping willow or something.\\\" To prepare herself for her audition, Rose made sure that she \\\"had a voice ready.\\\" Rose auditioned for the role of Tiana a total of three times. Both \\\"thrilled\\\" and \\\"ecstatic\\\" by the fact that she would be voicing Disney's first African American princess, Rose, a longtime fan of Disney who had always wanted to voice a Disney character, was \\\"surprised by some of the things that the community took issue with.\\\" When the film was\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17580570\",\n \"text\": \"Eudora, are at Tiana's restaurant. In the song, Tiana is singing that she is \\\"Almost There\\\" to successfully opening her dream restaurant. During the song sequence, the animation shifts to the same art deco style used in Tiana's picture of her dream restaurant that her father James gave her. Besides the original English version, Disney Character Voices International released The Princess and the Frog (including the song) dubbed in 41 foreign-language versions of \\\"Almost There\\\". Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song) \\\"Almost There\\\" is a song written by Randy Newman for Walt Disney Pictures' 49th animated feature film\",\n \"title\": \"Almost There (The Princess and the Frog song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6040236\",\n \"text\": \"both racial and ethnic diversity to Disney's animated fairy tale genre. The character has since been succeeded by three princesses of color: Pocahontas from \\\"Pocahontas\\\" (1995), Mulan from \\\"Mulan\\\" (1998) and Tiana from \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" (2009), ultimately \\\"paving the way in letting children believe that \\\"anyone\\\" of any race can be a princess\\\". The quartet is believed to have helped diversify the studio and introduce \\\"new visions of what a 'Disney Princess' could be.\\\" Additionally, as one of only two Disney Princesses who wear pants, Jasmine remains Disney's only princess whose official costume is not a gown\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Jasmine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378905\",\n \"text\": \"starts as a sympathetic character, the events of the plot make her \\\"understand things in a deeper level\\\" and change people around her. Both protagonists would learn from each other—Naveen to take responsibilities, Tiana to enjoy life—as well as figuring from Ray's passion for Evangeline that the perfect balance is brought by having someone you love to share the experience. Tiana became the first African-American Disney Princess. On December 1, 2006, a detailed casting call was announced for the film at the Manhattan Theatre Source forum. The casting call states the film as being an American fairy tale musical set\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378897\",\n \"text\": \"and Naveen reveal their love to each other. Charlotte agrees to kiss Naveen so he and Tiana can be together as people. The clock strikes midnight before she can do so, but the couple decide they are content to live together as frogs. During a funeral for Ray a beam of light shines down and a new star appears next to Evangeline's. Tiana and Naveen are wed by Mama Odie; and because of Tiana's new status as princess, they are restored to human form after their kiss. Later, the couple returns to New Orleans to legally get married and celebrate,\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378896\",\n \"text\": \"Tiana, gives her the charm and attempts to hold off the demons so she can escape, but Facilier manages to mortally wound him. Facilier then offers to make Tiana's restaurant dream come true in exchange for the talisman. Realizing she would rather be with Naveen, and recognizing Facilier's true intentions, Tiana destroys the talisman. The angered voodoo spirits claim Facilier himself as payment for his debts to them and drag him into the spirit world, leaving a tombstone with Facilier's name and horrified face on it. As Lawrence is taken away by the police, Naveen explains everything to Charlotte, Tiana\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378922\",\n \"text\": \"described an \\\"adventure through the exciting world of New Orleans in a family-oriented video game\\\", featuring events from the film and challenges for Princess Tiana. \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 16, 2010. The film is available on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc combo pack editions; the combo pack includes DVD and digital copies of the film, along with the Blu-ray Disc version. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Australia on June 2, 2010, and on June 21, 2010, in the United Kingdom. As\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521790\",\n \"text\": \"pieces\\\". During her first recording session, Rose read through and recorded the entire script in eight hours, describing the experience as \\\"exhausting, but wonderful.\\\" She and co-star Bruno Campos, who provided the voice of Prince Naveen, recorded the majority of their dialogue separately. Mark Henn served as the supervising animator for Tiana. Henn was hired by Lasseter because he had animated nearly every Disney Princess since Ariel from \\\"The Little Mermaid\\\". Describing Tiana, Henn said that she is following \\\"a new trend in our princesses,\\\" likening her to Ariel from \\\"The Little Mermaid\\\". Henn was inspired by studio employee Jaimie\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14507391\",\n \"text\": \"and the Frog\\\" in which the princess character, Tiana, is the first black princess in the Disney Princess franchise. In her speech, Liz says that she wants to be with a man who \\\"will just shut their mouth\\\" when watching the ABC show \\\"Lost\\\". In its original American broadcast, \\\"Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter\\\" was watched by 4.216 million households, according to the Nielsen ratings system. It achieved a 1.9 rating/6 share in the key 18- to 49-year-old demographic. This means that it was seen by 1.9 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18- to\",\n \"title\": \"Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378919\",\n \"text\": \"merchandise includes a cookbook for children and even a wedding gown. Princess Tiana was also featured a few months before the release in the \\\"Disney on Ice: Let's Celebrate!\\\" show. The film itself was promoted through advertisements, including one from GEICO where Naveen, as a frog, converses with the company's gecko mascot. A live parade and show called \\\"Tiana's Showboat Jubilee!\\\" premiered on October 25, 2009, at the Magic Kingdom theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, and on November 5 at Disneyland in California. In Disneyland, actors in New Orleans Square paraded to the Rivers of America\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378890\",\n \"text\": \"since the Disney Renaissance. \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" opened in limited release in New York and Los Angeles on November 25, 2009, and in wide release on December 11, 2009. The film was successful at the box office, ranking first place on its opening weekend in North America, and grossing $271 million worldwide. It received three Academy Award nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards: one for Best Animated Feature and two for its achievement in music (Original Song). It lost to \\\"Up\\\" and \\\"Crazy Heart\\\", respectively. In 1912 New Orleans, a girl named Tiana and her friend Charlotte La\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521791\",\n \"text\": \"Milner, a film intern who was working in post production. The fact that Tiana is African American was \\\"never a big issue\\\" for Henn when it came to animating her, but drawing her as both a human and a frog proved difficult. He said, \\\"Tiana appears in the movie in so many different forms … she's a little girl, she's an adult human, and then she's a frog\\\". Rose's thoughts, ideas and concerns were taken into consideration when it came to finalizing Tiana's design. \\\"I … said I wanted it to look like she ate and wasn’t skinny, and she\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378894\",\n \"text\": \"and Naveen meet Louis, a trumpet-playing alligator, and Ray, a Cajun firefly. Louis and Ray offer to lead Tiana and Naveen to the voodoo queen Mama Odie, whom they believe can undo the curse. During the journey, Tiana and Naveen develop feelings for each other. Meanwhile, Facilier makes a deal with the voodoo spirits, offering them the souls of the people of New Orleans; in exchange, the spirits grant Facilier the services of a host of shadow demons, whom he orders to find and capture Naveen. When the four find Mama Odie after escaping from hunters, she tells them that\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378915\",\n \"text\": \"Animation), and Brooklin, São Paulo, Brazil (HGN Produções). During Disney's 2007 shareholder meeting, Randy Newman and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band performed the film's opening number, \\\"Down in New Orleans\\\", with famous New Orleans singer Dr. John singing, while slides of pre-production art from the film played on a screen. Other songs in the film include \\\"Almost There\\\" (a solo for Tiana), \\\"Dig a Little Deeper\\\" (a song for Mama Odie), \\\"When We're Human\\\" (a song for Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs]), \\\"Friends on the Other Side\\\" (a solo for Doctor Facilier), and \\\"Gonna Take You There\\\" and \\\"Ma\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521795\",\n \"text\": \"run from hungry gators, Tiana strikes a deal with Naveen, demanding that once he marries Charlotte, he will use the money he gets from her to help Tiana buy the restaurant. Things change, however, on their journey to end the spell. They both meet a jazz-playing alligator named Louis and a Cajun firefly named Ray, who help them reach the voodoo priestess Mama Odie. Tiana and Naveen help each other escape from frog hunters and Tiana teaches Naveen to help her cook. As Ray sings an ode to his true love \\\"Evangeline\\\", Naveen shows Tiana how to dance, something that\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239608\",\n \"text\": \"are in need of white assimilation. Reception to Disney's first African-American princess, Tiana, the star of \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", was mostly positive, and considered \\\"a step in the right direction.\\\" However, the film's New Orleans setting in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and references to voodoo drew criticism from parents and the media, as did Tiana's romance with a \\\"Caucasian\\\" prince. Tiana's love interest, Prince Naveen, has brown skin and has been interpreted as a non-white character. According to a Disney executive, Naveen's \\\"background was made up; he's whatever ethnicity they have in [Naveen's] fictional [homeland of] Maldonia.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14267371\",\n \"text\": \"Fancy Nancy, Thèâtre de la Mode, Dick Tracy, \\\"Get Smart\\\", Disney Princesses, Mary Poppins, Davy Crockett, \\\"Pirates of the Caribbean\\\", Ava Gardner, Joan Crawford, Bette Davis, \\\"Gone With the Wind\\\", \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", Miss Piggy, Miss America and characters from the comic strip, For Better Or For Worse by Lynn Johnston. New licenses in the works include Tim Burton's \\\"Alice in Wonderland\\\", \\\"Lord of the Rings\\\", Disney's Prince of Persia, and Disney Princess Tiana, from \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", Disney's first African-American Princess. In 2002 Tonner Doll purchased the Effanbee Doll Company, Inc. to obtain the rights to\",\n \"title\": \"Tonner Doll Company\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14970846\",\n \"text\": \"[film] history\\\". Applauding the film for providing minorities with \\\"the chance to see themselves depicted as royalty for perhaps the first time\\\", Bryant identified Brandy as a princess for black girls to \\\"fawn\\\" over, which Disney would not revisit until \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" (2009). Similarly, Martha Tesema wrote in an article for Mashable that \\\"seeing Brandy as Cinderella on screen was groundbreaking\\\" having \\\"grown up in a time where future Disney characters like Tiana did not exist and the reason why didn't cross my mind—until this Cinderella. Seeing a princess with box braids like mine and a fairy\",\n \"title\": \"Cinderella (1997 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521800\",\n \"text\": \"Magic Kingdom called \\\"Princess Fairytale Hall\\\". In 2014, Tiana made a guest appearance on \\\"Sofia the First\\\". When visiting Walt Disney World visitors originally spotted Princess Tiana under a shady, forest gazebo at the edge of Liberty Square. Since June 2016, Tiana has been doing meet-and-greets at Princess Fairytale Hall. Tiana, alongside other Disney Princesses, appeared in the film \\\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\\\", as was announced at the 2017 D23 Expo. A live-action character inspired by Tiana is a main character in the seventh season of \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\", and she is played by Mekia Cox. In the New\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521782\",\n \"text\": \"equating people of color to animals. According to co-director John Musker, adapting the fairy tale \\\"The Frog Prince\\\" by the Brothers Grimm into an animated feature film had been a subject at Walt Disney Animation Studios for 18 years. The project was repeatedly shelved because the studio was unsuccessful in creating a version with which they were satisfied. Disney bought the rights to \\\"The Frog Princess\\\", a novel by E. D. Baker that is based on the fairy tale, in 2006. Co-directors Ron Clements and Musker were then hired to lead the studio in yet another attempt at adapting the\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20299517\",\n \"text\": \"steal the ruby. He explains that he isn't actually a prince, just a commoner who has made a deal with Facilier, to give him the ruby in exchange for reuniting with his love, who has been turned into a frog. After understanding the situation, Tiana lets Marias go. After receiving advice from Eudora, Tiana takes it upon herself to deliver the ruby to Facilier in exchange for the frog, claiming that the ruby doesn't possess any power, since she has the power inside her. Facilier, however, is in no mood to break off the deal, as he wants to keep\",\n \"title\": \"Greenbacks (Once Upon a Time)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378892\",\n \"text\": \"candidate. Eli \\\"Big Daddy\\\" La Bouff, a rich sugar baron and Charlotte's father, is hosting a masquerade ball in Naveen's honor. Charlotte hires Tiana to make beignets for the ball, giving her enough money to buy an old sugar mill to convert into her restaurant. Meanwhile, Naveen and his valet, Lawrence, meet the voodoo witch doctor Doctor Facilier. Inviting them into his emporium, Facilier convinces them that he can make their dreams come true, but neither man gets what they are expecting; Naveen is transformed into a frog, while Lawrence is given a voodoo talisman that makes him resemble Naveen,\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521786\",\n \"text\": \"used as a \\\"slave name\\\"—they decided to change it to the Greek name \\\"Tiana\\\", which rhymes with \\\"Diana\\\" and \\\"\\\" (). Though \\\"Tiana\\\" () does not translate as \\\"princess\\\" (), it can be decoded as a portmanteau, coined by blending the princess names and . Vying to continue to approach the film with sensitivity, Clements and Musker sought guidance from screenwriter Rob Edwards, who is African American. In order to add emotional weight to the story, Clements and Musker placed further emphasis on Tiana's relationship with her father, James, who originally \\\"wasn't as much in the picture.\\\" Directors Ron Clements\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521802\",\n \"text\": \"positively received. Helen O'Hara of \\\"Empire\\\" wrote positively of the character, describing her as \\\"a hard-headed heroine who works hard and displays a focus and drive\\\". Catherine Shoard of \\\"The Guardian\\\" praised Tiana, congratulating Disney for creating \\\"a heroine who's an actual character; a woman whose three dimensions you don't need to don daft specs to see.\\\" Betsy Sharley of \\\"The Los Angeles Times\\\" wrote positively of Tiana, describing her as both \\\"beautiful\\\" and \\\"boisterous\\\". Carey Bryson of About.com gave Tiana high praise, calling her both \\\"a fabulous new princess\\\" and \\\"a decent role model\\\". Tiana is notable for being\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6432464\",\n \"text\": \"a mention of the restaurant Galatoire's (which was segregated during the play's post-war 1940s time period) was changed to a mention of Dooky Chase's Restaurant, which was integrated. Leah Chase was also the inspiration for the main character Tiana in the 2009 Disney animated film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". In a 2017 episode of the Travel Channel's \\\"Man v. Food\\\", host Casey Webb visited Dooky Chase to try their famed Creole gumbo. In 2013, Chase and her husband Edgar \\\"Dooky\\\" Chase Jr. founded the Edgar \\\"Dooky\\\" Jr. and Leah Chase Family Foundation. According to their official website, The Edgar\",\n \"title\": \"Leah Chase\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7547234\",\n \"text\": \"points. Second single \\\"Stadt,\\\" a collaboration with Ich + Ich singer Adel Tawil, was released to even greater success, reaching number two in Germany and the top five in Austria. It eventually became the fourth biggest-selling single of 2009 in Germany. Also in 2009, Steen voiced the character Tiana in the German dub of Disney's 49th animated feature \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". \\\"Never Knew I Needed,\\\" a duet with original singer Ne-Yo, was the first single to be lifted from the . In 2010, she won the ECHO Award for Best National Artist Rock/Pop. Cassandra Steen Cassandra Steen (born\",\n \"title\": \"Cassandra Steen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20228898\",\n \"text\": \"series regulars for season 7. Additionally, Adelaide Kane, Mekia Cox, and Rose Reynolds were cast in recurring roles for the upcoming season. On July 15, it was announced that Ramirez would be portraying Cinderella, albeit a different version from the one previously played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons. On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in\",\n \"title\": \"Hyperion Heights\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7547228\",\n \"text\": \"in Germany. In 2010, she won the ECHO Award for Best National Artist Rock/Pop. Also in 2009, Steen voiced the character Tiana in the German dub of Disney's 49th animated feature \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". \\\"Never Knew I Needed,\\\" a duet with original singer Ne-Yo, was the first single to be lifted from the . Steen has since released two further studio albums, \\\"Mir so nah\\\" (2011) and \\\"Spiegelbild\\\" (2014). Steen is an only child born to a German mother and an African American father in Ostfildern-Ruit near Stuttgart, Germany in 1980. Steen married her manager Stephan Kocian in\",\n \"title\": \"Cassandra Steen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378911\",\n \"text\": \"of Tiana and Naveen, while the animators started with realistic designs, they eventually went for cutesy characters \\\"removing all that is unappealing in frogs\\\", similar to \\\"Pinocchio\\\"s Jiminy Cricket. Toon Boom Animation's Toon Boom Harmony software was used as the main software package for the production of the film, as the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) system that Disney developed with Pixar in the 1980s for use on their previous traditionally animated films had become outdated. The Harmony software was augmented with a number of plug-ins to provide CAPS-like effects such as shading on cheeks and smoke effects. The reinstated\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20154413\",\n \"text\": \"played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons. On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in the spin-off \\\"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.\\\" In August 2017, Cox was promoted to series regular. On August 1, it was announced that Giles Matthey would return as an adult Gideon for the season's fourth episode. The episode, also featuring Emilie\",\n \"title\": \"Once Upon a Time (season 7)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8378921\",\n \"text\": \"Jazz Band\\\" as they perform songs from the movie. \\\"Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration\\\" officially ended on October 3, 2010. However, it returned to Disneyland from 2011–2013 as part of the \\\"Limited Time Magic\\\" family-fun weekends. Tiana also appears in Disneyland Paris' New Generation Festival. Some of the characters appear frequently during \\\"World of Color\\\", the nightly fountain and projection show presented at Disney California Adventure. Disney announced on June 4, 2009, that they would release a video game inspired by the film and it was released on November 2009 exclusively for Wii and Nintendo DS platforms. It has been officially\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7426440\",\n \"text\": \"were James Baxter and Mark Henn. Belle was Henn's second Disney heroine, after he had previously contributed to animating Ariel. Henn was specifically assigned certain scenes to animate from the studio's Florida division, namely the character exploring the West Wing, the scene in which Belle tends to the Beast's wounds, and the \\\"Something There\\\" musical sequence. Having since animated Jasmine in \\\"Aladdin \\\"(1992), Mulan in \\\"Mulan\\\" (1998) and Tiana in \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" (2009), Henn has established himself \\\"as the go-to man behind many Disney princesses.\\\" To demonstrate that the character is not perfect, Woolverton described \\\"a little\",\n \"title\": \"Belle (Beauty and the Beast)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17194315\",\n \"text\": \"Hale and Kate Higgins, the current voice actresses for Cinderella and Aurora, were hired for the film; Pamela Ribon, the film's co-screenwriter, performed Snow White's voice for temporary tracks, but the team considered it a good substitute, allowing Ribon to voice her in the final film. The film contains over 150 unique sets and 5,726 assets. It also included the highest number of characters in any Disney Animation film, with 434 individual characters with 6,752 variants. In the initial trailer for the film, the African-American princess character Tiana appeared to have a lighter skin tone, a narrower nose, and more\",\n \"title\": \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239586\",\n \"text\": \"individuality,\\\" those characters being either \\\"mammy\\\" or over sexualized versions of female African Americans. Instead, Tiana offers a new perspective as simply a hard-working woman who bears no reliance on a man. Disney says Tiana represents \\\"mak[ing] a dream real.\\\" Rapunzel is the tenth Disney Princess. First appearing in Disney's 50th animated feature film \\\"Tangled\\\" (2010), Rapunzel is based on the heroine of the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. Created by screenwriter Dan Fogelman, Rapunzel was originally animated by Glen Keane and is voiced by recording artist and actress Mandy Moore. The character was \\\"coronated\\\" and inducted into\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521804\",\n \"text\": \"what we had in mind.\\\" Bidisha of \\\"The Observer\\\" was fairly mixed in her review, calling Tiana a \\\"one-dimensional\\\" but \\\"clever, strong woman\\\", while criticizing the film's light-hearted plot and lack of emphasis on racial issues. Patricia Williams of \\\"The Guardian\\\", who conceded harboring a general dislike of Disney animated films and the characters featured in them, including the princesses, accused Disney of being \\\"unforgivably late\\\" in their creation of a black heroine. Williams did, however, find Tiana to be \\\"spunkier than most princesses\\\", comparing her to Princess Fiona of the \\\"Shrek\\\" franchise, and reacted positively to Tiana's portrayal as\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521792\",\n \"text\": \"has a full mouth and a little round nose and curly hair and these are all things that made her look distinctly herself,\\\" she said. Rose didn't want Tiana to resemble \\\"a cookie-cutter princess who had been coloured in brown. When I saw her for the first time and realized how much she looked like me I was really blown away.\\\" Rose also served as a form of visual, live-action reference for supervising animator Mark Henn as he worked on Tiana, videotaping her as she recorded her lines and incorporating some of her distinct characteristics, such as her dimples and\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239602\",\n \"text\": \"Cinderella, Tiana and Rapunzel were main characters. Many of these characters are patterned after the Disney versions, but a few draw inspiration from older stories. The TV series \\\"Sofia the First\\\" premiered on January 11, 2013, on Disney Junior. Cinderella appeared in the first movie \\\"Once Upon A Princess\\\". Jasmine, Belle, Aurora, Snow White, Mulan, Tiana, and Merida have appeared on the show, and Ariel and Rapunzel appeared in the TV Specials \\\"The Floating Palace\\\" and \\\"The Curse of Princess Ivy\\\", respectively. However, Sofia is a minor princess and not in the royal court. She is voiced by \\\"Modern Family\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17163238\",\n \"text\": \"and states, \\\"You saved me. You are the princess of the kingdom!\\\" Then you take the bow off your pawn's head, and replace it with her corresponding crown. If playing Solo, the player signs in as Rose, the Pink Princess and plays as far as possible. If Rose is \\\"cursed\\\" and turned into a frog, then the Blue Princess will come in, this can continue until the player has won, or until all four Princesses have been turned into a Frog. In multi-player mode, it is game over if all four Princess pawns are in the same room and turned\",\n \"title\": \"Enchanted Palace\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5123409\",\n \"text\": \"The Frog Princess The Frog Princess is a fairy tale that has multiple versions with various origins. It is classified as type 402, the animal bride, in the Aarne–Thompson index. Another tale of this type is \\\"Doll i' the Grass\\\". Russian variants include the \\\"Frog Princess\\\" or \\\"Tsarevna Frog\\\" (\\\"Царевна Лягушка\\\", \\\"Tsarevna Lyagushka\\\") and also Vasilisa the Wise (\\\"Василиса Премудрая\\\", \\\"Vasilisa Premudraya\\\"); Alexander Afanasyev collected variants in his \\\"Narodnye russkie skazki\\\". Andrew Lang included an Italian variant titled The Frog in \\\"The Violet Fairy Book\\\". Italo Calvino included another Italian variant from Piedmont, The Prince Who Married a Frog, in\",\n \"title\": \"The Frog Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11400210\",\n \"text\": \"Her unique voice earned her a recording contract with her label, Imperial Records, a division of Teichiku Entertainment, Inc. Currently, Tiana is a senior at Cornell University. Tiana also frequently updates an ameblo, a weblog in Japanese. Tiana's debut single CD, \\\"Sweet Obsession\\\", was released on January 23, 2008. The music was written and produced by Jeeve. The original lyrics of \\\"Sweet Obsession\\\", written in English, were penned by Tiana herself. Tiana also wrote the English portion of the lyrics in the B-side, \\\"Temptation\\\". Days after Tiana's debut, a controversial news article surfaced in several popular Japanese websites, including a\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana Xiao\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11400209\",\n \"text\": \"and performing. In order to improve her vocals and other performance skills, including stage presence and dance, Tiana studied singing with several private vocal coaches and attended classes at the Millennium Dance Complex in North Hollywood. In January 2006, Tiana began attending HIPAC, a vocal school located in Los Angeles. Her voice teacher saw tremendous potential in the then 15-year-old Tiana and trained her for about three months before sending a demo CD to a management/production company in Japan. A few months later, during the summer of 2006, Tiana was brought by her vocal coach to Tokyo for an audition.\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana Xiao\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4987700\",\n \"text\": \"Other scholars, however, argue that this may actually be a jab at the emperor Nero, who was often mockingly compared to a frog. In the tale, a spoiled princess reluctantly befriends the Frog Prince (meeting him after dropping a gold ball into a pond), who magically transforms into a handsome prince. Although in modern versions the transformation is invariably triggered by the princess kissing the frog, in the original Grimm version of the story the frog's spell was broken when the princess threw it against a wall in disgust. In other early versions it was sufficient for the frog to\",\n \"title\": \"The Frog Prince\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19112353\",\n \"text\": \"Helvy Tiana Rosa Helvy Tiana Rosa (born 2 April 1970) is an Indonesian playwright and writer. Rosa is a lecturer in literature at the State University of Jakarta. Rosa is recognised as an influential Moslem. She founded \\\"Forum Lingkar Pena\\\" which encourages young writers in 1997. Rosa was born in Medan in 1970 but she moved to Jakarta where her younger sister Asma Nadia, who also became a writer, was born. She went to the Universitas Indonesia and gained a degree in Arabic literature. Whilst at university she wrote and directed her own plays. She has gained a master's degree.\",\n \"title\": \"Helvy Tiana Rosa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521805\",\n \"text\": \"a tireless feminist restaurant tycoon. Writer Brooks Barnes from \\\"The New York Times\\\" highlights the two different issues for Princess Tiana, in her article \\\"Her Prince Has Come. Critics, Too\\\" that shows Disney with a good standing than with a negative standpoint, with the help of other writers expressing how, \\\"Disney should be ashamed\\\", said William Blackburn, a former columnist at \\\"The Charlotte Observer\\\". \\\"This princess story is set in New Orleans, the setting of one of the most devastating tragedies to beset a black community.\\\" From a rumor that surfaced online giving off that Disney was originally going to\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13914198\",\n \"text\": \"The Princess and the Frog (soundtrack) The Princess and the Frog: Original Songs and Score is the soundtrack of the 2009 Disney animated film \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". It was released by Walt Disney Records on November 23, 2009, just a day before the limited release of the film in New York City and Los Angeles. It contains ten original songs and seven score pieces, all but one of which were composed, arranged and conducted by composer Randy Newman, who previously worked with the film's executive producer John Lasseter on Pixar's films \\\"Toy Story\\\", \\\"A Bug's Life\\\", \\\"Toy Story\",\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Frog (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239618\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Princess Disney Princess, also called the Princess Line, is a media franchise and toy-line owned by The Walt Disney Company. Created by Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney in the early 2000s, the franchise features a line-up of fictional female protagonists who have appeared in various Disney franchises. The franchise does not include all princess characters from the whole of Disney-owned media, but rather refers to select specific characters from the company's animated films and series. , the eleven characters considered part of the franchise are Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel, and Merida.\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7239546\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Princess Disney Princess, also called the Princess Line, is a media franchise and toy-line owned by The Walt Disney Company. Created by Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney in the early 2000s, the franchise features a line-up of fictional female protagonists who have appeared in various Disney franchises. The franchise does not include all princess characters from the whole of Disney-owned media, but rather refers to select specific characters from the company's animated films and series. , the eleven characters considered part of the franchise are Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel, and Merida.\",\n \"title\": \"Disney Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20281993\",\n \"text\": \"secret reason for it that draws Henry into the mystery is displayed in the present day, along with another secret about Victoria that she has kept hidden. A excavator is featured in the background. At the location of the portal where she was supposed to meet Henry, Cinderella encounters Lady Tremaine's guards. However, the guards were attacked by Cinderella and at the last minute are ambushed by Princess Tiana, who happens to be the leader of a resistance group. As the two forged an alliance upon meeting each other, Tiana tells Cinderella that the prince killing her father was planned\",\n \"title\": \"The Garden of Forking Paths (Once Upon a Time)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20434224\",\n \"text\": \"discovers a passage in the storybook, and Rogers and Weaver discovers a new twist that is tied to the doctor's death. In the past, Tiana is warned by Facilier about a threat that leads her to Naveen once again helping her in this quest. The “Rollin’ Bayou” is featured in the background. During the coronation of Tiana from princess to queen, Facilier shows up with a set of tarot cards to warn her of impending danger. Skeptical about his claims, Tiana decided to find out anyway with help from Cinderella and Hook. They soon stumble upon a major wreckage that\",\n \"title\": \"A Taste of the Heights\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521785\",\n \"text\": \"is a big element of the movie.\\\" Tiana is recognized for being Disney's first African American princess. As the film's writers and directors, Clements and Musker claim that their decision to depict Tiana as an African American young woman came naturally simply as a result of the location in which the story takes place. Clements explained, \\\"We didn't realize it was that big of a deal,\\\" and originally gave the character the French name \\\"Madeleine\\\"—\\\"Maddy\\\" for short. However, when the name drew controversy and speculation as a result of alleged racial connotations—according to various sources, the name \\\"Maddy\\\" was commonly\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10756417\",\n \"text\": \"narrative darkens and Mufasa's death scene from \\\"The Lion King\\\" unfolds erratically on the bay. After a brief moment of silence, the show enters its climax. \\\"So Close\\\" from \\\"Enchanted\\\" plays as touching scenes from Disney's animated films (including \\\"The Lion King\\\", \\\"Bambi\\\", \\\"Dumbo\\\", \\\"Tangled\\\", \\\"Lady and the Tramp\\\", \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" and \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\") are projected. The transformation scene from \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" takes place, being followed by other famous moments from \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\", \\\"Sleeping Beauty\\\", \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\" and \\\"Cinderella\\\". Immediately following \\\"Cinderella\\\", the fountains and lighting\",\n \"title\": \"World of Color\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20078966\",\n \"text\": \"miniseries' supervising directors, and Sandra Lee served as art director. The miniseries features vocal performances from the show's regular crew: Jeremy Shada (who voices Finn the Human), John DiMaggio (who portrays Jake the Dog), Olivia Olson (who portrays Marceline), Tom Kenny (who lends his voice to Ice King), Hynden Walch (who voices Princess Bubblegum), Ward (who voices Lumpy Space Princess), and Niki Yang (who voices the sentient video game console BMO in English, as well as Jake's girlfriend Lady Rainicorn in Korean). Polly Lou Livingston, a friend of Pendleton Ward's mother, Bettie Ward, plays the voice of the small elephant\",\n \"title\": \"Elements (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5123412\",\n \"text\": \"starts his quest. Another variation involves the sons chopping down trees and heading in the direction pointed by them in order to find their brides. In the Russian versions of the story, Prince Ivan and his two older brothers shoot arrows in different directions to find brides. The other brothers' arrows land in the houses of the daughters of an aristocratic and wealthy merchant. Ivan's arrow lands in the mouth of a frog in a swamp, who turns into a princess at night. The Frog Princess, named Vasilisa the Wise, is a beautiful, intelligent, friendly, skilled girl who was forced\",\n \"title\": \"The Frog Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7364269\",\n \"text\": \"Parish) and her two daughters Chelsea (Tiana Benjamin) and Libby (nicknamed Squiggle), cast to Belinda Owusu, who was 16 at the time. Benjamin has revealed that she was the second Fox to be cast, and on her final audition, she had a workshop and met Diane Parish there. Owusu was cast at a later date. Tiana Benjamin who plays Chelsea has said that the three actors who play the Fox family have a bond, commenting \\\"We all respect and understand each other, and manage to have a good time while we're filming too. I felt that we clicked from our\",\n \"title\": \"Libby Fox\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3120539\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Cummings James Jonah Cummings (born November 3, 1952) is an American voice actor and singer, who has appeared in almost 400 roles. He is known for voicing the title character from \\\"Darkwing Duck\\\", Dr. Robotnik from \\\"Sonic the Hedgehog\\\", Pete, Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Bonkers D. Bobcat and the Tasmanian Devil. He has performed in numerous Disney and DreamWorks animations including \\\"Aladdin\\\", \\\"The Lion King\\\", \\\"Balto\\\", \\\"Antz\\\", \\\"The Road to El Dorado\\\", \\\"Shrek\\\", and \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". He has also provided voice-over work for video games, such as \\\"Icewind Dale\\\", \\\"Fallout\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Baldur's Gate\\\", \\\"Mass Effect 2\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Cummings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10521796\",\n \"text\": \"she has never done before because she was afraid to. Both frogs find themselves falling in love with one another, but are unsure how to say it. Eventually Tiana comes face to face with Facilier himself, who promises to make her dream of \\\"Tiana's Place\\\" a reality if she hands over a voodoo charm which plays a significant role in his plans. After reminding her of all the work she has done and the people who held her back, he shows her an image of her late father, telling her that she can make sure the dream he never lived\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana (Disney)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5123415\",\n \"text\": \"revealed to have been an enchanted princess all along. This tale is closely related to \\\"Puddocky\\\" and its variants, in which a king sets three tasks to his sons to determine which is best suited to rule the country, and a transformed frog helps the youngest prince. The Frog Princess The Frog Princess is a fairy tale that has multiple versions with various origins. It is classified as type 402, the animal bride, in the Aarne–Thompson index. Another tale of this type is \\\"Doll i' the Grass\\\". Russian variants include the \\\"Frog Princess\\\" or \\\"Tsarevna Frog\\\" (\\\"Царевна Лягушка\\\", \\\"Tsarevna Lyagushka\\\")\",\n \"title\": \"The Frog Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4987701\",\n \"text\": \"spend the night on the princess' pillow. The frog prince also has a loyal servant named Henry (or Harry) who had three iron bands affixed around his heart to prevent it from breaking in his sadness over his master's curse, but when the prince was reverted to his human form Henry's overwhelming happiness caused all three bands to break, freeing his heart from its bonds. A Russian folk version \\\"Tsarevna Lyagushka\\\" (The Frog Princess) has the male and female roles reversed: the male prince Ivan Tsarevich discovers the enchanted female frog who becomes Vasilisa the Wise, a female sorceress. It\",\n \"title\": \"The Frog Prince\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16112249\",\n \"text\": \"Mick Wingert Mick Wingert (born July 4, 1974) is an American voice actor and voice-over coach best known for his role as the voice of Master Po and Zeng in \\\"\\\", taking over the roles from actors Jack Black and Dan Fogler. He also does additional voice-over work in \\\"Kung Fu Panda\\\", \\\"Mass Effect 2\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Technomancer\\\" and \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\". He is not related to fellow voice actor Wally Wingert. Wingert was born on July 4, 1974 in Lemoore, California, and grew up in Fresno, California, where he began acting in local community theater and high\",\n \"title\": \"Mick Wingert\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9623671\",\n \"text\": \"Tiana Lemnitz Tiana Lemnitz (26 October 1897 – 5 February 1994) was a German operatic soprano. Her major operatic career took place between the two world wars (1919-1939). The youngest of 10 children, she was born in Metz to a musical family. Her father was a '. She began to sing at the age of seven and at 15 she entered the Metz Music School. Later, she studied voice with Antoni Kohmann at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. Starting with small opera companies, she made her debut in Heilbronn in Albert Lortzing's opera \\\"Undine\\\" in 1921. She then sang in\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana Lemnitz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8614190\",\n \"text\": \"his nephew. The princess said she had promised to marry the prince and could not marry another. The frog went to the prince and gave him a marvelous horse to reach the dragon. He fought and killed it, freeing a prince who had been held prisoner inside the dragon's body. The prince and princess married. The Benevolent Frog The Benevolent Frog or The Frog and the Lion Fairy is a French literary fairy tale, written by Madame d'Aulnoy. Andrew Lang included it in \\\"The Orange Fairy Book\\\". A king's capital was besieged, and he sent the queen to safety. She\",\n \"title\": \"The Benevolent Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8614188\",\n \"text\": \"because they were able to bring her quarry. The frog arrived in time to find the king remarrying, but the letter she carried convinced him that the queen was alive. With a ring from the frog, the king set out to rescue her. In the forest, he saw the lion fairy, in the shape of a lioness, carrying the queen and princess on her back. The lion fairy imprisoned the queen and princess in a castle on the lake, and told all the monsters, who had fallen in love with the princess, that the king would take her from them.\",\n \"title\": \"The Benevolent Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9623674\",\n \"text\": \"(1937–48) and for HMV (1938-9). Tiana Lemnitz died in Berlin in 1994 at the age of 96. According to \\\"Musical America\\\", What more adjectives can do justice to the Elisabeth of Tiana Lemnitz! This beautiful voice, this superlative vocalism, this absolute supremacy of the technical and the interpretative in which the economy of gesture lent the whole a spiritual grandeur. It was wonderful ... Lemnitz remained unique in the perfection of her performance. An English reviewer wrote: \\\"The greatest moment of the evening came in the quintet [of Meistersinger]. Lemnitz, beginning the movement, sang so beautifully that—without being rude—one was\",\n \"title\": \"Tiana Lemnitz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8614187\",\n \"text\": \"bouquet of rare flowers; the frog asked a friendly bat to gather them. Then the frog told her future: she would not escape, but have a beautiful daughter. The king discovered the wreckage of his wife's chariot and assumed she was dead. The princess was born, and the queen persuaded the lion fairy, who would gladly have eaten her, to let her raise the child. One day when the child was six, the frog went to find the king. It took her seven years, in which time the lion fairy took the queen and princess hunting, which lessened her cruelty,\",\n \"title\": \"The Benevolent Frog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12714725\",\n \"text\": \"and the most recent, \\\"A Prince Among Frogs.\\\" The Frog Princess (novel) The Frog Princess is a children's novel by E. D. Baker, first published in 2002. The 2009 Disney animated musical feature film, \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", is loosely based on this novel. Emeralda, a.k.a. Emma is the princess and heir of Greater Greensward. One of her most distinct traits is her unique laugh, which sounds like a donkey's bray. The only person that appreciates her is her aunt Grassina, the current Green Witch. When her mother, Queen Chartreuse, says she has to marry the stuck-up Prince Jorge\",\n \"title\": \"The Frog Princess (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12714717\",\n \"text\": \"The Frog Princess (novel) The Frog Princess is a children's novel by E. D. Baker, first published in 2002. The 2009 Disney animated musical feature film, \\\"The Princess and the Frog\\\", is loosely based on this novel. Emeralda, a.k.a. Emma is the princess and heir of Greater Greensward. One of her most distinct traits is her unique laugh, which sounds like a donkey's bray. The only person that appreciates her is her aunt Grassina, the current Green Witch. When her mother, Queen Chartreuse, says she has to marry the stuck-up Prince Jorge from East Aradia, her worst enemy, she runs\",\n \"title\": \"The Frog Princess (novel)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":0,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":58622,"offset":0,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3MjgyNjE0MCwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL2FhYWFrYXNoMDAxL1dpa2lOUV9JUl9kb2NfbGlrZWxpaG9vZF9tdWxfcG9zIiwiZXhwIjoxNzcyODI5NzQwLCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.CJT-IYhNLU7gFcKSV4l24-42KWxgSjTUc9Uoym4M84r_40SPD_9qRUVdFpoxIde7JQquBSnFLohQCnVx8DpYDA","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":58622,"numBytesParquet":2182551928},{"config":"default","split":"dev","numRows":6489,"numBytesParquet":241693106},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":3610,"numBytesParquet":241307}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":1,"total":1},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
query_id stringlengths 1 5 | query stringlengths 19 109 | answers listlengths 1 21 | positive_passages listlengths 1 93 | negative_passages listlengths 8 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | big little lies season 2 how many episodes | [
"seven"
] | [
{
"docid": "18768923",
"text": "series garnered several accolades. It received 16 Emmy Award nominations and won eight, including Outstanding Limited Series and acting awards for Kidman, Skarsgård, and Dern. The trio also won Golden Globe Awards in addition to a Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Tel... | [
{
"docid": "7459116",
"text": "final minutes of the season two-A finale, \"Farm Overload\". A crowd had gathered around Jacob, who was lying on the ground near the trebuchet. The first two episodes of season two-B focus on the accident, and how the local media reacted to it. The first season of \"Little Peo... |
1 | who sang waiting for a girl like you | [
"Foreigner"
] | [
{
"docid": "8685225",
"text": "Waiting for a Girl Like You \"Waiting for a Girl Like You\" is a 1981 power ballad by the British-American rock band Foreigner. The distinctive synthesizer theme was performed by the then-little-known Thomas Dolby, and this song also marked a major departure from their earlier... | [
{
"docid": "8685227",
"text": "held off the number 1 spot by Olivia Newton-John's single \"Physical\" for nine consecutive weeks, and then by Hall & Oates' \"I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)\" for a tenth week on January 30, 1982. Because of its chart longevity, it ended up being the number 19 song on the To... |
2 | where do you cross the arctic circle in norway | [
"Saltfjellet"
] | [
{
"docid": "7138810",
"text": "Arctic Norway Arctic Norway () comprises the northernmost parts of Norway that lie above the Arctic circle. Norway, being one of the most stretched-out countries in the world, reaches from approximately 58°N to 81°N, so large parts lie north of the Arctic circle at 66°33′. Arc... | [
{
"docid": "17442552",
"text": "Circle is divided among 8 countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States (Alaska), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut), Denmark (Greenland) and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey). The climate inside the Arctic C... |
3 | who is the main character in green eggs and ham | [
"Sam - I - am"
] | [
{
"docid": "3096725",
"text": "(in a house, in a box, in a car, in a tree, on a train, in the dark, in the rain, on a boat) and dining partners (a mouse, a fox, and a goat). The friend finally gives in and tries the dish, just to make Sam “let him be”, and finds it quite tasty, happily responding, \"I do so... | [
{
"docid": "2960879",
"text": "Fox in Socks Fox in Socks is a children's book by Dr. Seuss, first published in 1965. It features two main characters, Fox (an anthropomorphic fox) who speaks almost entirely in densely rhyming tongue-twisters and Knox (a yellow anthropomorphic character) who has a hard time f... |
5 | who played charlie bucket in the original charlie and the chocolate factory | [
"Peter Gardner Ostrum"
] | [
{
"docid": "3195432",
"text": "on Call\", funded by Pfizer, highlighting the work of large animal veterinarians. Peter Ostrum Peter Gardner Ostrum (; born November 1, 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture \"Willy Wonka ... | [
{
"docid": "16869143",
"text": "the sequel to \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\", continuing the story of Charlie Bucket and Willy Wonka as they travel in the Great Glass Elevator. \"Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator\" was first published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf in 1972, and in the Uni... |
6 | when does season 5 of bates motel come out | [
"February 20 , 2017"
] | [
{
"docid": "18845785",
"text": "Bates Motel (season 5) The fifth and final season of \"Bates Motel\" premiered on February 20, 2017, and concluded on April 24, 2017. The season consisted of 10 episodes and aired on Mondays at 10 p.m. ET/PT on A&E. The series itself is described as a \"contemporary prequel\"... | [
{
"docid": "17969455",
"text": "room. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The season has received positive reviews from television critics. It received 72 out of 100 from Metacritic, based on 5 television critic reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported ... |
7 | how many episodes are in series 7 game of thrones | [
"seven"
] | [
{
"docid": "18938987",
"text": "Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consis... | [
{
"docid": "18938990",
"text": "Drama Series. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 7. They are listed by the region in which they first appear. Series creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss serve as showrunners for the seventh ... |
8 | who is next in line to be the monarch of england | [
"Charles , Prince of Wales"
] | [
{
"docid": "3544754",
"text": "Catholics are eligible. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the eldest child of the... | [
{
"docid": "252223",
"text": "the Church of England, is required to be in communion with the Church, although all other former rules forbidding marriage to non-Protestants were abolished when equal primogeniture was adopted in 2013. In the case of the absence of children, the next most senior member of the ... |
9 | who is in charge of enforcing the pendleton act of 1883 | [
"United States Civil Service Commission"
] | [
{
"docid": "660307",
"text": "to the presidency. Once in office, President Arthur pushed through legislation for civil reform. On January 16, 1883 Congress passed the Civil Service Act, which is sometimes referred to as the Pendleton Act after Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio, one of the primary sponsors... | [
{
"docid": "660304",
"text": "Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, ) is a United States federal law enacted in 1883 that mandated that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. The act provi... |
10 | why was there so much interest in cuba both before and after the civil war | [
"sugar markets"
] | [
{
"docid": "380297",
"text": "American Civil War and Cuba's Ten Years' War, U.S. businessmen began monopolizing the devalued sugar markets in Cuba. In 1894, 90% of Cuba's total exports went to the United States, which also provided 40% of Cuba's imports. Cuba's total exports to the U.S. were almost twelve t... | [
{
"docid": "910122",
"text": "in a limited area\". In July 1848, Alexander Stephens denounced President Polk's expansionist interpretation of America's future as \"mendacious\". In the mid‑19th century, expansionism, especially southward toward Cuba, also faced opposition from those Americans who were tryin... |
11 | when did veterans day start being called veterans day | [
"June 1 , 1954"
] | [
{
"docid": "1454003",
"text": "from Kansas, signed the bill into law on May 26, 1954. It had been eight and a half years since Weeks held his first Armistice Day celebration for all veterans. Congress amended the bill on June 1, 1954, replacing \"Armistice\" with \"Veterans,\" and it has been known as Veter... | [
{
"docid": "20082160",
"text": "Veterans Day. The proclamation called \"upon all Americans to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities that commemorate the 50 year anniversary of the Vietnam War.\" National Vietnam War Veterans Day National Vietnam War Veterans Day is a US holi... |
12 | when did big air snowboarding become an olympic sport | [
"2018"
] | [
{
"docid": "7145019",
"text": "down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles. On July 11, 2011, the International Olympic Committee's Executive Board approved the addition of Ski and Snowboard Slopestyle to the Winter Olympics roster of events, effective in 2014. The decision was announced via press c... | [
{
"docid": "15285090",
"text": "Sébastien Toutant Sébastien Toutant (born November 9, 1992) is a Canadian snowboarder. He is reigning Olympic champion in the men's big air snowboarding event which made its debut at those games. Toutant was twice the gold medal winner in slopestyle at the X Games in 2011 and... |
13 | who played in the most world series games | [
"the New York Yankees"
] | [
{
"docid": "13544744",
"text": "became the 11th team to lose the World Series in consecutive seasons. In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 14 a... | [
{
"docid": "6878754",
"text": "became the series' most popular character. Other characters over the first year included Master Moriarty - a stuck-up schoolboy, The Games Messiah, Letty Edwards, the Ninja and The Executioner; the latter 3 were all dropped for Series Two. Barry won the majority of his games (... |
14 | who sings i ca n 't stop this feeling anymore | [
"American rock band REO Speedwagon"
] | [
{
"docid": "6330532",
"text": "episode of The Goldbergs. In 2016, the song was used in the UK and US on adverts for Sheba cat food. REO Speedwagon Can't Fight This Feeling \"Can't Fight This Feeling\" is a power ballad performed by the American rock band REO Speedwagon. The single remained at the top of the... | [
{
"docid": "8854753",
"text": "for a one-night stand. This \"lustful sexual confidence\" is further demonstrated in the lyrics of the first verse: \"I'm feeling sexy / Wa[nt to] hear you say my name, boy/ If you can reach me, you can feel my burning flame / Feeling kind of N A S T Y / I might just take you ... |
15 | who is the sister of for king and country | [
"Rebecca St. James"
] | [
{
"docid": "16273338",
"text": "in 1991, after their father's job relocation. Their father was a music promoter, and Joel recalls, \"going to these rock concerts, sitting on my father's shoulders, plugging my ears...Honestly, in a lot of ways I feel like music chose me and as I grew older, I made a clear de... | [
{
"docid": "16273324",
"text": "For King & Country (band) For King & Country, stylized as for KING & COUNTRY and formerly known as Joel & Luke as well as Austoville, is a Christian pop duo composed of Australian brothers Joel (born 5 June 1984) and Luke Smallbone (born 22 October 1986). The Nashville-based ... |
16 | who developed the first periodic table with 8 columns | [
"Dmitri Mendeleev"
] | [
{
"docid": "3039871",
"text": "the Periodic Law for the chemical elements\". He contributed the word 'periodic' in chemistry. The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to make a periodic table similar to the one used today. Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass, corresponding to ... | [
{
"docid": "879599",
"text": "names to mean different things. The new system simply numbers the groups increasingly from left to right on the standard periodic table. The IUPAC proposal was first circulated in 1985 for public comments, and was later included as part of the 1990 edition of the \"Nomenclature... |
17 | who plays skyler on lab rats elite force | [
"Paris Berelc"
] | [
{
"docid": "19006562",
"text": "\"Lab Rats: Elite Force\" is created by Chris Peterson and Bryan Moore, the duo who created \"Lab Rats\". It is produced by Britelite Productions and It's a Laugh Productions for Disney XD. On September 3, 2015, it was announced that \"Lab Rats\" and \"Mighty Med\" would have... | [
{
"docid": "19006563",
"text": "was subsequently announced that \"Lab Rats: Elite Force\" would premiere on Disney XD broadcast services on March 2, 2016, and will be available for earlier viewing on the channel's video-on-demand services on February 29, 2016. In October 2016, actress Kelli Berglund reporte... |
18 | when is season seven of game of thrones coming out | [
"July 16 , 2017"
] | [
{
"docid": "18938987",
"text": "Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consis... | [
{
"docid": "19665779",
"text": "Game of Thrones: Season 6 (soundtrack) The soundtrack album of the sixth season of HBO series \"Game of Thrones\", titled Game of Thrones: Season 6, was released digitally on June 24, 2016, and later released on CD on July 29, 2016. The album reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\... |
19 | when did roller derby first appear in the press | [
"1922"
] | [
{
"docid": "11105240",
"text": "three decades. Among these races was an 8.5-mile roller marathon organized in 1908 by a group of Chicago rink owners, a 24-hour endurance championship held in Milwaukee in 1913, and a 24-hour banked track race held at Madison Square Garden in 1914. \"The New York Times\" note... | [
{
"docid": "15872516",
"text": "Bayliss in 666 ABC's studio to teach him how to block. The pair also discussed the Canberra Roller Derby League on his show. The league was one of several Australian based teams to appear in the movie, \"This Is Roller Derby\". Canberra Roller Derby League The Canberra Roller... |
20 | if there is a random change in the genetics of a small population it is termed | [
"genetic drift"
] | [
{
"docid": "1762063",
"text": "and for the heterozygotes. In the absence of selection, mutation, genetic drift, or other forces, allele frequencies \"p\" and \"q\" are constant between generations, so equilibrium is reached. The principle is named after G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg, who first demonstrat... | [
{
"docid": "2421906",
"text": "human-caused population effects. A genetic bottleneck can occur when a population goes through a period of low number of individuals, resulting in a rapid decrease in genetic diversity. Even with an increase in population size, the genetic diversity often continues to be low i... |
21 | who played the eldest daughter in the sound of music | [
"Charmian Carr"
] | [
{
"docid": "6406080",
"text": "Charmian Carr Charmian Carr (born Charmian Anne Farnon; December 27, 1942 – September 17, 2016) was an American actress and singer best known for her role as Liesl, the eldest Von Trapp daughter in the 1965 film version of \"The Sound of Music\". Carr was born Charmian Anne Fa... | [
{
"docid": "5202549",
"text": "uncredited Herbert Ross. Fifteen-year-old Lauri Peters, who played Kitty Bennet, left a good enough first impression on Richard Rodgers that he invited her to audition for his next show, \"The Sound of Music\". Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II cast her in the role of Liesl, th... |
22 | who played all the carly 's on general hospital | [
"Laura Wright",
"Tamara Braun",
"Jennifer Bransford",
"Sarah Joy Brown"
] | [
{
"docid": "7957639",
"text": "Carly Corinthos Carly Corinthos is a fictional character from \"General Hospital\", a soap opera on the ABC network, currently portrayed by Laura Wright since 2005. A collaborative effort between the writers, Carly — originally played by Sarah Joy Brown (1996–2001) — was intro... | [
{
"docid": "3168308",
"text": "announced that Schroeder would return as Serena Baldwin to \"General Hospital\" to honor the late Peter Hansen, who had died in April 2017, who had portrayed her grandfather, Lee Baldwin. Carly Schroeder Carly Brook Schroeder (born October 18, 1990) is an American film and tel... |
23 | an object that has mass and occupies space is known as | [
"matter"
] | [
{
"docid": "12566299",
"text": "Matter In the classical physics and in the chemistry of things of everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All everyday objects that we can touch are ultimately composed of atoms, which are made up of interacting subatomic part... | [
{
"docid": "8844426",
"text": "conclusion about fusions.2 ... The Principle of Universal Fusions (PUF): Every class of objects has a fusion.\" Four-dimensionalism In philosophy, four-dimensionalism (also known as the \"doctrine of temporal parts\") is an ontological position that an object's persistence thr... |
24 | who sang the original blinded by the light | [
"Bruce Springsteen"
] | [
{
"docid": "4812168",
"text": "Blinded by the Light \"Blinded by the Light\" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen, which first appeared on his 1973 debut album \"Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.\" A cover by British rock band Manfred Mann's Earth Band reached number one on the \"Billboard\" H... | [
{
"docid": "16217987",
"text": "in 1989, with Townshend originally on electric guitar on the two Toronto dates in June and acoustic guitar for the rest of the tour. It was disliked by Roger Daltrey, who thought that although it had clever lyrics, it was too long. On the original recording and in its 1979/19... |
25 | who is the yellow rose of texas named after | [
"Emily D. West"
] | [
{
"docid": "14146017",
"text": "Rose of Texas legend was Emily West de Zavala. There is no contemporary or primary evidence that Emily D. West and Emily de Zavala were the same person. Emily D. West Emily D. West (c.1815–1891), also known as Emily Morgan, is a folk heroine whose legendary activities during ... | [
{
"docid": "20332905",
"text": "highest award bestowed on women by the Texas Governor. The award name, \"Yellow Rose of Texas,\" was chosen by Governor Shivers to honor the woman known by that name, Emily Morgan, who as a 20-year-old slave, according to legend, was instrumental in the victory of the Battle ... |
26 | who sings the song i can see clearly now the rain is gone | [
"Johnny Nash"
] | [
{
"docid": "7997953",
"text": "I Can See Clearly Now \"I Can See Clearly Now\" is a song originally recorded by Johnny Nash. It was a single from the album of the same name and achieved success in the United States and the United Kingdom when it was released in 1972, reaching number one on the \"Billboard\"... | [
{
"docid": "15736448",
"text": "We’ve all been there and can relate. Towards the end of the song, during the bridge, Jonas sings, over a looped beat, “I used to be afraid of letting go / Right now I need you to set me free/ I can see it in your eyes” and “I don’t wanna see no more” as he still tries to expu... |
27 | who was the rfc editor until 1998 just provide the family name | [
"Postel"
] | [
{
"docid": "173037",
"text": "California. ISI's Jonathan Postel managed the IANA, served as RFC Editor and performed other key roles until his premature death in 1998. As the early ARPANET grew, hosts were referred to by names, and a HOSTS.TXT file would be distributed from SRI International to each host on... | [
{
"docid": "13251281",
"text": "London Cornish RFC London Cornish RFC is a rugby union club which was originally formed for Cornish exiles in London, England. It was established in 1962 by a group who met in Fleet Street's Cock Tavern, and were originally known as the ″Cornish Exiles″. The club changed its ... |
28 | what is the number 1 sport in the usa | [
"American football"
] | [
{
"docid": "5571948",
"text": "$69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although American football does not have a s... | [
{
"docid": "3366875",
"text": "17U National Team Development Programs. The organization is responsible for the continued proliferation and health of the sport, and leads a number of amateur initiatives through its Sport Development department, including Play Ball and Pitch Smart. USA Baseball also presents ... |
29 | who plays cullen bohannon in hell on wheels | [
"Anson Adams Mount IV"
] | [
{
"docid": "6416635",
"text": "Anson Mount Anson Adams Mount IV (born February 25, 1973) is an American actor. He portrayed the fictional character Cullen Bohannon in the AMC western drama series \"Hell on Wheels\". He was also cast in the role of Jim Steele on the short-lived NBC series \"Conviction\" and ... | [
{
"docid": "14918873",
"text": "Hell on Wheels (TV series) Hell on Wheels is an American Western television series about the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad across the United States. The series, which featured Anson Mount, Colm Meaney, Common, and Dominique McElligott, chronicled the Uni... |
30 | when does the new pokemon movie come out | [
"July 15 , 2017"
] | [
{
"docid": "19895857",
"text": "the ending is titled by Asuca Hayashi. Ed Goldfarb, the composer for the North American adaptations of the anime beginning with \"Pokémon: XY\", along with frequent collaborators Akhil Gopal and Kc Daugirdas, composed a new background score for the film's North American relea... | [
{
"docid": "13896427",
"text": "telepathic contact with other beings. If multiple Unown come together, their power increases, which is shown in \"\", where a large cluster of Unown come together and are able to bend reality. Unown's only known move in battle is \"Hidden Power\", an attack whose type depends... |
31 | how many oar athletes are in the olympics | [
"168"
] | [
{
"docid": "19691990",
"text": "stored samples. Only if these requirements were met would the athletes be considered for invitation to the Games. None of the athletes who had been sanctioned by the Oswald Commission were still in the pool at this stage. The final number of neutral Russian athletes invited t... | [
{
"docid": "20476905",
"text": "Russian population opposed participation in the Winter Olympics under a neutral flag. Many Russians believed that the IOC was retaliating against Russia for their discriminatory anti-gay law which provoked considerable controversy with the IOC during the 2014 Winter Olympics ... |
32 | who won the nrl grand final in 2015 | [
"North Queensland Cowboys"
] | [
{
"docid": "18889083",
"text": "2015 NRL Grand Final The 2015 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2015 NRL season and was played on Sunday 4 October at Sydney's ANZ Stadium between the Brisbane Broncos and North Queensland Cowboys. North Queensland won the match 17–16 in ... | [
{
"docid": "18630968",
"text": "won the QLD Cup by defeating the Townsville Blackhawks 32-20 in the Grand Final. 2015 NRL State Championship The 2015 NRL State Championship was a rugby league match held between the winners of the 2015 New South Wales Cup and the 2015 Queensland Cup. It was the second editio... |
33 | where was charlie and the choclate factory filmed | [
"Pinewood Studios in England"
] | [
{
"docid": "4273970",
"text": "Attenborough, Kirk Douglas, Albert Finney, Anthony Hopkins, Paul Newman, Max von Sydow, David Warner, Christopher Lloyd and Peter Ustinov. Principal photography for \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" started on June 21, 2004 at Pinewood Studios in England. Director Tim Burt... | [
{
"docid": "4273948",
"text": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Fre... |
34 | who owns the rights to the song happy birthday | [
"Warner / Chappell Music"
] | [
{
"docid": "887928",
"text": "Ware Orem and Mrs. R. R. Forman. In 1988, Warner/Chappell Music purchased the company owning the copyright for 25 million, with the value of \"Happy Birthday\" estimated at 5 million. Based on the 1935 copyright registration, Warner claimed that the United States copyright will... | [
{
"docid": "14210466",
"text": "Happy, Happy Birthday Baby \"Happy, Happy Birthday Baby\" is a 1957 song written by Margo Sylvia & Gilbert Lopez. \"Happy, Happy Birthday Baby\" was originally performed by The Tune Weavers, who had their only hit with this song. Both Margo Sylvia and Gilbert Lopez were membe... |
35 | who sang the song every breath you take | [
"The Police"
] | [
{
"docid": "1672143",
"text": "Every Breath You Take \"Every Breath You Take\" is a song by the English rock band the Police from their album \"Synchronicity\" (1983). Written by Sting, the single was the biggest US and UK hit of 1983, topping the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart for eight weeks (the ban... | [
{
"docid": "1672148",
"text": "little love song, when it's quite the opposite.\" According to the \"Back to Mono\" box-set book, \"Every Breath You Take\" is influenced by a Gene Pitney song titled \"Every Breath I Take\". Led Zeppelin's song, \"D'yer Mak'er\" (1973), also contains the words \"every breath ... |
36 | when did the british hand-over sovereignty of hong kong back to china | [
"1 July 1997"
] | [
{
"docid": "5370269",
"text": "Handover of Hong Kong The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, commonly known as the handover of Hong Kong (or simply \"the Handover\", also \"the Return\" in mainland China) was the transition of control over the former British colony of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom t... | [
{
"docid": "4471487",
"text": "only British soldiers in Hong Kong could use British stamps while other local residents did not have any. Hong Kong has issued a variety of stamps since 1862. Hong Kong formerly produced postage stamps with the name \"Hong Kong\", with the face of the reigning monarchs of the ... |
37 | the first life forms to appear on earth were | [
"putative fossilized microorganisms"
] | [
{
"docid": "20031041",
"text": "Earliest known life forms The earliest known life forms on Earth are putative fossilized microorganisms found in hydrothermal vent precipitates. The earliest time that life forms first appeared on Earth is unknown. They may have lived earlier than 3.77 billion years ago, poss... | [
{
"docid": "5345813",
"text": "severe ice ages and the increase in diversity of life is not clear, but it does not seem coincidental. The new forms of life, called Ediacara biota, were larger and more diverse than ever. Though the taxonomy of most Ediacaran life forms is unclear, some were ancestors of grou... |
38 | who came up with britain 's got talent | [
"Simon Cowell"
] | [
{
"docid": "9354819",
"text": "Factor\" (also created by Cowell) and \"The Voice UK\". On average, it draws viewing figures of 9.9 million viewers per series - the show's live final in the third series attracted a record 17.3 million viewers, obtaining a 64.6% audience share at the time of its broadcast. At... | [
{
"docid": "16195581",
"text": "Those Funny Little People performed with \"China's Got Talent\" series 1's semifinalist, Zhu Jie as she sang Over the Rainbow. Those Funny Little People also performed and sang It's Raining Men. Series 2's winner of Britain's Got Talent, George Sampson performer a hip-hop dan... |
39 | what year did my pet monster come out | [
"1986"
] | [
{
"docid": "4565582",
"text": "My Pet Monster My Pet Monster is character that began as a plush doll first produced by American Greetings in 1986. It has horns, blue fur, and a fanged smile, wearing breakaway orange plastic handcuffs. In 2018, Hasbro acquired \"My Pet Monster\" from Saban Brands. The My Pet... | [
{
"docid": "1297326",
"text": "trends have influenced my work, but so has my own scene.\" In 1996, he said of his partnership with Asher: \"none of us looked back ... We went forward, kind of like on our own little wavelength. It wasn't like we were thinking, 'Okay, let's beat Spector,' let's out-do Motown.... |
40 | who made the beavis and butthead theme song | [
"Mike Judge"
] | [
{
"docid": "39093",
"text": "Beavis and Butt-Head Beavis and Butt-Head is an American adult animated sitcom created by Mike Judge. The series originated from \"Frog Baseball\", a 1992 short film by Judge originally aired on \"Liquid Television\". After seeing the short, MTV signed Judge to develop the short... | [
{
"docid": "9750246",
"text": "his fans. Chris Rice explains, \"Also, in correcting my 'theology' in the cartoon song, people were totally missing the fact that the whole song is about soul-less cartoons, none of whom can 'get saved.'\" This song has also led to a boycott by Bible Belt Conservatives and som... |
41 | who has won the 2017 womens singles wimbledon tennis tournament | [
"Garbiñe Muguruza"
] | [
{
"docid": "20199653",
"text": "reached the fourth round before losing to Halep. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams i... | [
{
"docid": "19612359",
"text": "Doubles Qualifiers Lucky Losers Ladies' Doubles Qualifiers Lucky Losers The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or... |
42 | when was the wheel first used in egypt | [
"4th Dynasty"
] | [
{
"docid": "9943367",
"text": "harmful. Mummification of the dead was not always practiced in Egypt. Once the practice began, an individual was placed at a final resting place through a set of rituals and protocol. The Egyptian funeral was a complex ceremony including various monuments, prayers, and rituals... | [
{
"docid": "11508559",
"text": "any other type of water-wheel. It is still used in India, Egypt and other parts of the Middle East, and in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. It may have been invented in Hellenistic Egypt, Persia or India. The sakia was mainly used for irrigation, but not exclus... |
43 | who wrote the song for once in my life | [
"Ron Miller",
"Orlando Murden"
] | [
{
"docid": "8034553",
"text": "For Once in My Life \"For Once in My Life\" is a swing song written by Ron Miller and Orlando Murden for Motown Records' Stein & Van Stock publishing company, and first recorded in 1965. It was written and first recorded as a slow ballad. There are differing accounts of its ea... | [
{
"docid": "14809785",
"text": "My Life (Phil Ochs song) \"My Life\" is a 1969 song by Phil Ochs, a U.S. singer-songwriter best known for the protest songs he wrote in the 1960s. \"My Life\" is the fifth song on \"Rehearsals for Retirement\", an album Ochs recorded in the aftermath of the protests at the 19... |
44 | who sang i could not ask for more first | [
"Edwin McCain"
] | [
{
"docid": "11366500",
"text": "on that chart, behind \"I'm Already There\" by Lonestar. I Could Not Ask for More \"I Could Not Ask for More\" is a song composed by American songwriter Diane Warren and originally recorded and released in February 1999, by American recording artist Edwin McCain as part of th... | [
{
"docid": "5193012",
"text": "this approach \"was a bit daring for me who usually depended on rhyme insurance.\" Ira also wrote that although the phrase \"who could ask for anything more?\" is repeated four times in the song, he decided not to make it the title because \"somehow the first line of the refra... |
45 | who is the singer of waiting for love | [
"Simon Aldred"
] | [
{
"docid": "18799612",
"text": "directed by Kurt Hugo Schneider. The 360° function of this music video only works with the web browser Google Chrome (for desktop, Android and iOS). Personnel adapted from CD single. Waiting for Love (Avicii song) \"Waiting for Love\" is a song by Swedish DJ and music produce... | [
{
"docid": "5014732",
"text": "\"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" What You Waiting For? \"What You Waiting For?\" is a song by American singer Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" (2004). Written by Stefani and Linda Perry, the song is the album's opening track and was rel... |
46 | who recorded it 's a man 's world | [
"James Brown"
] | [
{
"docid": "8507167",
"text": "It's a Man's Man's Man's World \"It's a Man's Man's Man's World\" is a song by James Brown and Betty Jean Newsome. Brown recorded it on February 16, 1966 in a New York City studio and released it as a single later that year. It reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart and ... | [
{
"docid": "11915721",
"text": "of the World/To Make a Man\". \"Drive You Out of My Mind\" was recorded during the October 2, 1969 session for 1970's \"Wings Upon Your Horns\". \"If I Never Love Again (It Will Be Too Soon)\" and \"When You Leave My World\" were recorded during sessions for 1970's \"Coal Min... |
47 | when does season 14 of grey 's anatomy come out | [
"September 28 , 2017"
] | [
{
"docid": "20161215",
"text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of ... | [
{
"docid": "18754168",
"text": "this season.\" One Flight Down (Grey's Anatomy) \"One Flight Down\" is the twentieth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 240th episode overall. It aired on April 16, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episo... |
48 | who played general chang in star trek 6 | [
"Christopher Plummer"
] | [
{
"docid": "4083714",
"text": "Chang (Star Trek) General Chang is a fictional character from the \"Star Trek\" fictional universe who was portrayed by Christopher Plummer in \"\". Chang is Chancellor Gorkon's chief of staff, and subsequently serves Chancellor Azetbur. He is an avid fan of William Shakespear... | [
{
"docid": "8008608",
"text": "desiring previews of the Star Trek games, the exposure was apparently inadequate for a game needing to overcome the stigma attached to the franchise after prior disappointments in movies, TV series, and the game's own predecessor. Star Trek: Klingon Academy Star Trek: Klingon ... |
49 | which part of earth is covered with water | [
"71 %"
] | [
{
"docid": "111061",
"text": "the Moon causes ocean tides, stabilizes Earth's orientation on its axis, and gradually slows its rotation. Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets. Earth's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that mig... | [
{
"docid": "8215835",
"text": "covered with chainwire except for the south-west corner, which is covered with shadowline asbestos cement sheeting. The earth floor has slate \"waterfall\" and \"creek\" water features. The enclosure has an earth floor and measures . The timber-framed structure is approximatel... |
50 | where did the rule of 72 come from | [
"of Luca Pacioli",
"Summa de arithmetica"
] | [
{
"docid": "2179977",
"text": "early reference to the rule is in the \"Summa de arithmetica\" (Venice, 1494. Fol. 181, n. 44) of Luca Pacioli (1445–1514). He presents the rule in a discussion regarding the estimation of the doubling time of an investment, but does not derive or explain the rule, and it is t... | [
{
"docid": "6502294",
"text": "asked why did not trace Korah's genealogy back to Jacob, and Rabbi Samuel bar Isaac answered that Jacob had prayed not to be listed amongst Korah's ancestors in where it is written, \"Let my soul not come into their council; unto their assembly let my glory not be united.\" \"... |
51 | when was the masque of the red death written | [
"1842"
] | [
{
"docid": "1271081",
"text": "The Masque of the Red Death \"The Masque of the Red Death\", originally published as \"The Mask of the Red Death: A Fantasy\", is an 1842 short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe. The story follows Prince Prospero's attempts to avoid a dangerous plague, known as the Red ... | [
{
"docid": "18328696",
"text": "Masque of the Red Death (1989 film) Masque of the Red Death is a 1989 American horror film produced by Roger Corman, and directed by Larry Brand, starring Adrian Paul and Patrick Macnee. The film is a remake of the 1964 picture of the same name which was directed by Roger Cor... |
52 | who sings the original version of feeling good | [
"Cy Grant"
] | [
{
"docid": "7385012",
"text": "among others. Although Bricusse and Newley shared songwriting credits, the words of the song are usually attributed to Bricusse, with the music by Newley. The song was first performed in public by the Guyanese-British singer and actor Cy Grant on the opening night of \"The Roa... | [
{
"docid": "10522736",
"text": "time of the song as she sight reads and sings.) Richard felt that the vocal was good enough to finish production of the song and release it, as he did in 1994, almost 20 years after it was recorded. Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again \"Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again\" is a song... |
53 | who does black panther marry in the comics | [
"Ororo Munroe"
] | [
{
"docid": "3937635",
"text": "of Deathloks to \"support\" T'Challa and justify an invasion, but T'Challa kills Klaw and Storm wipes out the Deathlok army in a hurricane. T'Challa then helps his old flame Ororo Munroe reunite with her surviving family members in Africa and the U.S. He shortly afterward prop... | [
{
"docid": "3937665",
"text": "reviewer and journalist Mike Sangiacomo, however, criticized the narrative structure. \"Christopher Priest's fractured writing is getting on my nerves. Like the \"Spider-Man\" comics, I want to like \"Black Panther\", but Priest's deliberately jumbled approach to writing is si... |
54 | how do you say horse meat in french | [
"viande chevaline"
] | [
{
"docid": "3661453",
"text": "stands, sold in a bread roll. Dumplings can also be prepared with horse meat, spinach, or Tyrolean \"Graukäse\" (a sour milk cheese). They are occasionally eaten on their own, in a soup, or as a side dish. In Belgium, horse meat (\"paardenvlees\" in Dutch and \"viande chevalin... | [
{
"docid": "7563442",
"text": "by saying, \"Cao Zidan, you're not meat under a butcher's cleaver. My throat won't tremble when I swallow you and my teeth won't chatter when I chew on you. How dare you behave so rudely!\" Zhu Shuo stood up and tried to reduce tensions by telling Wu Zhi, \"His Majesty ordered... |
55 | who is the chief law officer of the government of india | [
"The Attorney General for India"
] | [
{
"docid": "3282534",
"text": "Attorney General of India The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and is primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. He can be said to be the lawyer from government's side. He is appointed by the President of India under Article 76(1) o... | [
{
"docid": "3433711",
"text": "state police force is the department of home of the state government. The additional chief secretary (home) or principal secretary (home), generally an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, acts the agency executive of the state home department, whereas the chief minist... |
56 | when did the original flatliners movie come out | [
"1990"
] | [
{
"docid": "3172259",
"text": "Flatliners Flatliners is a 1990 American science fiction psychological horror film directed by Joel Schumacher, produced by Michael Douglas and Rick Bieber, and written by Peter Filardi. It stars Kiefer Sutherland, Julia Roberts, William Baldwin, Oliver Platt, and Kevin Bacon.... | [
{
"docid": "19621129",
"text": "forgive herself. In the end, Marlo, Ray, Sophia, and Jamie reminisce about Courtney and celebrate their friendships in the little restaurant they hang out at, where there is a performance of the piano piece that Courtney played. The movie ends with Jamie proposing a toast, ho... |
57 | who is bright eyes in the loved ones | [
"Anne Scott - Pendlebury"
] | [
{
"docid": "14721210",
"text": "to a nearby cliff, climbs it halfway and contemplates suicide, but then comes to his senses and climbs to the top. While listening to music, Brent is attacked from behind and his dog attacked with a hammer. Bound to a chair, he wakes up at Lola's house sitting at a table with... | [
{
"docid": "14721222",
"text": "sadistic torture murder as a re-enactment of a scene from this film. During sentencing, Judge Evans described the defendant, Gary George, as particularly liking \"The Loved Ones\". The victim, Andrew Nall, was brutally beaten, sustained 49 knife wounds, and had cleaning fluid... |
58 | what was the geeks name in 16 candles | [
"Anthony Michael Hall"
] | [
{
"docid": "3195511",
"text": "right.\" By 2008, Ringwald was campaigning for the sequel, but said she was uncomfortable doing the film without the involvement of Hughes who, at that point, was not interested. Sixteen Candles Sixteen Candles is a 1984 American coming-of-age comedy film starring Molly Ringwa... | [
{
"docid": "13484451",
"text": "The music video for the song was released in 1995 and was directed by Doug Aitken. Molly (16 Candles Down the Drain) \"Molly (16 Candles Down the Drain)\" is a song by American rock band Sponge, released in 1995 as the third single from their debut album \"Rotting Piñata\". I... |
59 | what day of the year is mothers day always celebrated | [
"the second Sunday in May"
] | [
{
"docid": "567808",
"text": "mother is \"the person who has done more for you than anyone in the world\". In 1908, the U.S. Congress rejected a proposal to make Mother's Day an official holiday, joking that they would also have to proclaim a \"Mother-in-law's Day\". However, owing to the efforts of Anna Ja... | [
{
"docid": "567850",
"text": "May, and in 1949 Japanese society adopted the second Sunday of May as the official date for Mother's Day in Japan. Today, people typically give their mothers gifts of flowers such as red carnations and roses.Japan is most known for giving carnations on Mother's Day. In Kyrgyzst... |
60 | what was the first bring it on movie | [
"Bring It On"
] | [
{
"docid": "3358166",
"text": "Bring It On (film) Bring It On is a 2000 American teen cheerleading comedy film directed by Peyton Reed and written by Jessica Bendinger. The film stars Kirsten Dunst, Eliza Dushku, Jesse Bradford, and Gabrielle Union. It was the first of the \"Bring It On\" film series and wa... | [
{
"docid": "18082992",
"text": "falls in love with Mihir. She discussed about it with family and all were happy but it was not possible to be happy forever.. Amar’s friends, Dr. Manoj and Dr. Madhvi tries to support the family to bring out of problem. What happened at end? Will Mata Khodiyar bring them out ... |
61 | when did the words in god we trust appear on money | [
"1864"
] | [
{
"docid": "2143545",
"text": "In God We Trust \"In God We Trust\" is the official motto of the United States of America, Nicaragua, and of the U.S. state of Florida. It was adopted as the United States' motto in 1956 as a replacement or alternative to the unofficial motto of \"E pluribus unum\", which was ... | [
{
"docid": "2325310",
"text": "dollar coin is the same size and composition as the Sacagawea dollar. \"In God We Trust\", the issue year, and the mint mark appear on the edge. The first dollar, honoring George Washington, was released into circulation on February 15, 2007. However, became law on December 26... |
62 | who sang you wo n 't get me i 'm part of the union | [
"Strawbs"
] | [
{
"docid": "10942454",
"text": "\"The Strawbs - Lay Down With The Strawbs\", filmed and recorded live at The Robin 2 in Bilston, UK on 5 March 2006. Part of the Union \"Part of the Union\" is a song by English band Strawbs, featured on their 1973 album \"Bursting at the Seams\" and was the band's most succe... | [
{
"docid": "14724154",
"text": "friend and assistant, sang few songs for him. The singing actors M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, P. U. Chinnappa, M. M. Dandapani Desikar, Kothamangalam Cheenu, M. S. Subbulakshmi, D. K. Pattammal, C. Honnappa Bhagavathar, U. R. Jeevarathinam, N. C. Vasanthakokilam, T. R. Mahal... |
63 | where was the first pan african conference held | [
"in London"
] | [
{
"docid": "16852023",
"text": "First Pan-African Conference The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 \"in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events\"). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henr... | [
{
"docid": "6202887",
"text": "of a broader economic globalization, the increasing trade between Canada and the United States is not generally seen as a threat to Canadian sovereignty. Continentalism in Africa, commonly referred to as Pan-Africanism, is a sociopolitical world view, philosophy, and movement ... |
64 | who played adam schiff on law & order | [
"Steven Hill"
] | [
{
"docid": "4747228",
"text": "Steven Hill Steven Hill (born Solomon Krakovsky; February 24, 1922 – August 23, 2016) was an American actor. His two better-known roles are district attorney Adam Schiff on the NBC television drama series \"Law & Order\", whom he portrayed for 10 seasons (1990–2000), and , the... | [
{
"docid": "4747242",
"text": "playing parental and authority-figure roles in such films as \"Yentl\" (1983), \"Garbo Talks\" (1984), Neil Simon's \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\", \"Heartburn\" (1986), \"Running on Empty\" (1988), \"Billy Bathgate\" (1991), and \"The Firm\" (1993). Hill also appeared as a mob ki... |
65 | who was president when the white house was built | [
"John Adams"
] | [
{
"docid": "455088",
"text": "Martha Washington's home, White House Plantation in Virginia, where the nation's first President had courted the First Lady in the mid-18th century. On Saturday, November 1, 1800, John Adams became the first president to take residence in the building. During Adams' second day ... | [
{
"docid": "4472965",
"text": "National Historic Landmark in 1960. The First White House of the Confederacy in Montgomery, Alabama was the first official residence of the President and his family. The second White House of the Confederacy is a gray stuccoed neoclassical mansion built in 1818 by John Brocken... |
66 | where is the big statue of jesus located | [
"Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"
] | [
{
"docid": "3478318",
"text": "and erosion to which the statue is exposed, as well as lightning strikes. The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantities, and replacement stones are increasingly darker in hue. Christ the Redeemer (statue) Christ the Redeemer (, , ) is an Art Deco stat... | [
{
"docid": "19246242",
"text": "of Jesus. Jesus de Greatest Jesus de Greatest is a statue of Jesus Christ located in Abajah village in Imo State, Nigeria. It is considered \"Africa’s largest statue of Jesus\", and is the fifth tallest statue in the African continent. The 160 ft African Renaissance Monument ... |
67 | who sang the song you are the reason | [
"Calum Scott"
] | [
{
"docid": "20447159",
"text": "You Are the Reason (Calum Scott song) \"You Are the Reason\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Calum Scott. It was released on 17 November 2017 via Capitol Records, as his second original single from his debut album \"Only Human\". It was produced by Grammy Award-winning... | [
{
"docid": "16804164",
"text": "sang \"All of Me\", but was stopped and asked to perform his second song, \"Say Something\". Quickenden received positive comments from the judges for his second song and gave him four yeses to proceed to the next round. In the arena audition, he performed \"Who You Are\" by ... |
68 | what is the predominant religion in the ukraine | [
"Orthodoxy"
] | [
{
"docid": "9771496",
"text": "of the population declared themselves believers. About 67.3% of the population declared adherence to one or another strand of Orthodox Christianity (28.7% of the Kiev Patriarchate, 23.4% just Orthodox, 12.8% of the Moscow Patriarchate, 0.3% Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Chu... | [
{
"docid": "257710",
"text": "A study collecting public opinion on what language was \"preferred\" discovered that 86 per cent of the population express a preference for Maltese, 12 per cent for English, and 2 per cent for Italian. Still, Italian television channels from Italy-based broadcasters, such as Me... |
69 | when was abbott and costello who 's on first | [
"February 1938"
] | [
{
"docid": "1002091",
"text": "Bandwagon\". In February 1938, Abbott and Costello joined the cast of \"The Kate Smith Hour\" radio program, and the sketch was first performed for a national radio audience on March 24 of that year. The routine may have been further polished before this broadcast by burlesque... | [
{
"docid": "9200440",
"text": "Abbott and Costello in Hollywood Abbott and Costello in Hollywood (on screen title Bud Abbott and Lou Costello in Hollywood) is a 1945 black-and-white comedy film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, produced by Martin A. Gosch, directed by S. Sylvan Simon, that stars the comedy team of ... |
70 | how far is murrysville pa from pittsburgh pa | [
"roughly 20 miles"
] | [
{
"docid": "1216668",
"text": "Murrysville, Pennsylvania Murrysville, its formal legal name in its Charter as The Municipality of Murrysville, is listed as a borough with home rule status in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,872 at the 2000 census. It became a home rule... | [
{
"docid": "8872757",
"text": "the Westmoreland Business Research Park area, PA 380 intersects the eastern terminus of PA 780. The route proceeds eastward to interchange PA 66 in the hamlet of North Washington. East of 66, PA 380 winds its way along the northern banks of the Beaver Run Reservoir and termina... |
71 | what is the pattern on a leopard 's coat called | [
"A leopard pattern"
] | [
{
"docid": "9682912",
"text": "Leopard (pattern) A leopard pattern is a spotted color pattern, particularly in the hair coat or skin of animals, but can also describe spotting patterns in plants and fabrics. The term refers to the black and gold spotted coat of the leopard cat, but is used to describe many ... | [
{
"docid": "2362102",
"text": "the Greek for \"small clawed\". The leopard seal has a distinctively long and muscular body shape, when compared to other seals. This species of seal is known for its massive head and jaws that allow it to be one of the top predators in its environment. A notable key feature o... |
72 | where is eden west resort from couples retreat | [
"Bora Bora"
] | [
{
"docid": "12709690",
"text": "since 2006's \"The Break-Up\". The film has grossed $109.2 million domestically and $58.8 million in foreign markets for a worldwide total of $171 million. Couples Retreat Couples Retreat is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Billingsley marking his direct... | [
{
"docid": "12709682",
"text": "retreat. The commotion wakes the kids, who have overheard their parents' conversations of not being able to go because of them. Fearing that their parents are contemplating divorce, the kids have already arranged for Dave's father, Grandpa Jim-Jim to babysit so their parents ... |
73 | what is the meaning of the last name salazar | [
"old hall"
] | [
{
"docid": "13805531",
"text": "government in 2015 as part of an initiative to make reparations for the Expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492 by offering citizenship to individuals who can show descent from an expelled Spanish Jew. Salazar (surname) Salazar is a surname meaning \"old hall\" (from Castilian \... | [
{
"docid": "5954951",
"text": "Epicureanism, Greenblatt contended that it was the minimum conditions for what the pious More would have considered as necessary to live a happy life. Another complication comes from the Greek meaning of the names of people and places in the work. Apart from Utopia, meaning \"... |
74 | who was a in pretty little liars episode | [
"Mona Vanderwaal",
"Sara Harvey",
"CeCe Drake",
"Alex Drake"
] | [
{
"docid": "16998897",
"text": "of the \"A-Team\" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as \"A... | [
{
"docid": "20219828",
"text": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars) \"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the series finale of \"Pretty Little Liars\", which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017. The twentieth episode of the seventh season and the 160th overall, it was dire... |
75 | qualification of the members of the supreme court in the philippines | [
"natural - born citizenship",
"at least 40 years old"
] | [
{
"docid": "4349750",
"text": "Until 1945, the Court met in Cavite. A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in th... | [
{
"docid": "9534047",
"text": "Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The Chief Justice presides over the High Court, but carries only 1... |
76 | who plays finn on my mad fat diary | [
"Nico Cristian Mirallegro"
] | [
{
"docid": "11008679",
"text": "Nico Mirallegro Nico Cristian Mirallegro ( ) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his British television roles as Barry \"Newt\" Newton in the soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" (2007–2010), Finn Nelson in \"My Mad Fat Diary\" (2013–2015), Joe Middleton in \... | [
{
"docid": "16656195",
"text": "Finn, Archie, Izzy and Chop. Throughout its run, \"My Mad Fat Diary\" received critical acclaim, particularly for its accurate and honest portrayal of mental illness and Sharon Rooney's performance. \"The Guardian\"s Sam Wollaston called it a \"lovely drama – honest and painf... |
77 | which type of technology encapsulates fibre channel communications over tcp / ip | [
"iSCSI"
] | [
{
"docid": "11793435",
"text": "meant to integrate with existing Fibre Channel networks and management software. Data centers used Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks (SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet, alongside traditi... | [
{
"docid": "15354237",
"text": "of the IP Network. A competing technology to FCIP is known as iFCP. It uses routing instead of tunneling to enable connectivity of Fibre Channel networks over IP. Fibre Channel over IP Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP or FC/IP, also known as Fibre Channel tunneling or storage tunn... |
78 | who was president during attack on pearl harbor | [
"President Franklin D. Roosevelt"
] | [
{
"docid": "703918",
"text": "Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, \"a date which will live in infamy\". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without... | [
{
"docid": "20702455",
"text": "after taking office, Navy Secretary Knox wrote an overview memo which specifically noted the possibility of an attack at Pearl Harbor. However, neither observation led to formal policy recommendations to forestall such an attack. Admiral James O. Richardson, who was fired by ... |
79 | where does the umbilical vein enter the circulation of the fetus | [
"the portal vein"
] | [
{
"docid": "6360123",
"text": "of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \"foramen ovale\"), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from t... | [
{
"docid": "12661950",
"text": "into the left atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and... |
80 | when did def leppard 's drummer lose his arm | [
"1985"
] | [
{
"docid": "3992062",
"text": "and was sentenced on 6 August 1996 to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, sought counselling, and served 30 days community service on a graffiti-removal work crew. Rick Allen (drummer) Richard John Cyril Allen (born 1 November 1963) is an English drummer who has played for t... | [
{
"docid": "1963793",
"text": "worldwide media coverage surrounding it. It is also the last album to feature guitarist Steve Clark before his death, although songs co-written by him would appear on the band's next album, \"Adrenalize\". The album is the follow-up to the band's 1983 breakthrough \"Pyromania\... |
81 | whose portrait appears on the choir call to the right of the apse of san vitale ravenna | [
"East Roman Emperor Justinian I"
] | [
{
"docid": "6006684",
"text": "foot of the apse side walls are two famous mosaic panels, completed in 547. On the right is a mosaic depicting the East Roman Emperor Justinian I, clad in Tyrian purple with a golden halo, standing next to court officials, Bishop Maximian, palatinae guards and deacons. The hal... | [
{
"docid": "716118",
"text": "in the Basilica of San Vitale were executed shortly after the Byzantine conquest. The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe were made around 549. The anti-Arian theme is obvious in the apse mosaic of San Michele in Affricisco, executed in 545–547 (largely destroy... |
82 | the unit of area in mks system is | [
"metre"
] | [
{
"docid": "9790616",
"text": "MKS system of units The MKS system of units is a physical system of measurement that uses the metre, kilogram, and second (MKS) as base units. Adopted in 1889, use of the MKS system of units succeeded the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) in commerce and engineering... | [
{
"docid": "9790618",
"text": "addition to derived units. An incomplete list of the base and derived units appears below. Since the MKS system of units never had a governing body to rule on a standard definition, the list of units depended on different conventions at different times. In 1901, Giovanni Giorg... |
83 | what is the name of the college in animal house | [
"Faber College"
] | [
{
"docid": "823180",
"text": "\"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\". The film was also selected by \"The New York Times\" as one of \"The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made\". Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas K... | [
{
"docid": "823151",
"text": "(Neidemeyer's horse, Junior, and John Belushi each received $40,000), the decision cost Sutherland what he estimates as $14 million. The star's participation, however, was crucial; Landis later said \"It was Donald Sutherland who essentially got the film made.\" \"Pinto\" was s... |
84 | who owned the louisiana territory when the constitution was signed | [
"Spain"
] | [
{
"docid": "232421",
"text": "to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a... | [
{
"docid": "2877748",
"text": "(in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States who had authorized the 1803 Louisiana Purchase that included much of the proposed territory) was chosen and a constitutional convention was scheduled for June 6, 1859. The conventioneers met that day, and ... |
85 | when is the last time the pirates won the world series | [
"1979"
] | [
{
"docid": "329856",
"text": "a home run. They also won the 1971 World Series, led by the talent of Roberto Clemente, and the 1979 World Series under the slogan \"We Are Family\", led by \"Pops\" Willie Stargell. After a run of regular-season success in the early 1990s (winning three straight East Division ... | [
{
"docid": "3504338",
"text": "and gala on December 15, 2010. The telecast was also released on DVD by A&E Home Video. 1960 World Series (4–3): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.) This would prove to be Casey Stengel's last World Series, as the Yankee club soon sent him into retirement. T... |
86 | what 's the name of the little turtle in finding nemo | [
"Squirt"
] | [
{
"docid": "1803395",
"text": "the way, they encounter a bloom of jellyfish that traps and nearly stings them to death. Marlin loses consciousness and awakens on the back of a sea turtle named Crush, who shuttles Marlin and Dory on the East Australian Current. Marlin tells the story of his journey to a grou... | [
{
"docid": "5265329",
"text": "into a new pavilion based on the recently released Pixar film \"Finding Nemo\". The majority of the transformation began with exterior elements, but in January 2004, the interior began to change as well. On November 16, 2004, Turtle Talk with Crush opened in what was once Modu... |
87 | who plays the voice of belle in beauty and the beast | [
"Paige O'Hara"
] | [
{
"docid": "3746039",
"text": "Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Showboat\". In 1991, ... | [
{
"docid": "6915915",
"text": "of love is as timeless and ageless as a \"tale as old as time\". Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shortened chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently i... |
88 | when was the hero with a thousand faces published | [
"1949"
] | [
{
"docid": "2024183",
"text": "The Hero with a Thousand Faces The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell. In this book, Campbell discusses his theory of the mythological structure of the journey of the archetypal hero found in world myths. ... | [
{
"docid": "2024191",
"text": "Hamill as Luke Skywalker on the cover. Princeton University Press issued a commemorative printing of the second edition in 2004 on the occasion of the joint centennial of Campbell's birth and the Press's founding with an added foreword by Clarissa Pinkola Estés. A third editio... |
89 | when did the united states begin its revolution | [
"April 1775"
] | [
{
"docid": "739752",
"text": "by consent. They were highly sensitive to the issue of tyranny, which they saw manifested in the arrival in Boston of the British Army to punish the Bostonians. This heightened their sense of violated rights, leading to rage and demands for revenge. They had faith that God was ... | [
{
"docid": "13613756",
"text": "center of the district. At the same time, a Russian-American Company employee named Pyotr Baranov established a small trading base on the site of present-day Anadyr. Exploitation of the various minerals to be found in the district did not begin until the early 20th century, w... |
90 | who played cosette in les miserables 25th anniversary | [
"Katie Hall"
] | [
{
"docid": "16402176",
"text": "Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne. Originally, Camilla Kerslake had been selected to perform as Cosette; however, she was unable to attend. Katie Hall was selected in her place. Hall had previously acted as Cosette at the Queen's Theatre from 2009 and in the 25th Annivers... | [
{
"docid": "17380344",
"text": "Ballentine played the role of the youngest daughter, Francis Perks. She continued with her stage career with the leading role of Felicia in \"Numbers\", a 2012 Toronto Fringe Festival play for which she received rave reviews. In 2013 she returned to Mirvish Productions to pla... |
91 | when was the last time the falcons were in the super bowl | [
"2016"
] | [
{
"docid": "22311",
"text": "2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos and the second was eighteen years later, a overtime defeat by the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Falcons' ... | [
{
"docid": "6471470",
"text": "23–10 after coming back from a 10–0 deficit. Many had expected Denver to play the Minnesota Vikings in the Super Bowl, the team with the number one record that year at 15–1, but the Vikings lost the NFC Championship Game to the Atlanta Falcons in overtime. The Broncos defeated... |
92 | what is the default administrative distance assigned to all ospf routes | [
"110"
] | [
{
"docid": "4322054",
"text": "network administrator. On Cisco routers, routes issued by OSPF have a lower default administrative distance than routes issued by the Routing Information Protocol. By default, OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110 and RIP has a default administrative distance of 12... | [
{
"docid": "4322058",
"text": "in preference to OSPF. codice_1 Manually configuring the administrative distance is also required when configuring a floating static route. Floating static routes are used to provide an alternate path when a primary link fails. In order for static routes to be configured as a ... |
93 | who is the most decorated veteran in us history | [
"Audie Leon Murphy"
] | [
{
"docid": "2285596",
"text": "Audie Murphy Audie Leon Murphy (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was one of the most decorated American combat soldiers of World War II. He received every military combat award for valor available from the U.S. Army, as well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received... | [
{
"docid": "13803134",
"text": "as 40 Cherokee men also used their native language for sensitive communications during World War II. Admiral Joseph \"Jocko\" Clark, an Oklahoma Cherokee, was a highly decorated admiral in the United States Navy for his command of aircraft carriers during World War II. Clark'... |
95 | who burned down the billboards in three billboards | [
"Charlie"
] | [
{
"docid": "19496433",
"text": "on the billboards, gives her the spares that were made in case of mistakes. She uses them to restore the billboard messages. Discharged from the hospital, Dixon overhears the man who threatened Mildred bragging in a bar of having raped and killed a girl in the same manner as ... | [
{
"docid": "19496427",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 dark comedy crime-drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter... |
96 | when does the supreme court begin a new term | [
"first Monday of each October"
] | [
{
"docid": "6573033",
"text": "executive act for being unlawful. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions. A term of the ... | [
{
"docid": "13127523",
"text": "for two years, the judges must acquire the support of the electorate to serve for a 10-year term. In nearly all cases, the Supreme Court does not have original jurisdiction and can only hear cases that are petitioned to the court following being heard in lower courts. Local c... |
97 | who played dean on wizards of waverly place | [
"Samonas"
] | [
{
"docid": "13253001",
"text": "to film and in 2006 was cast in the ABC pilot \"Enemies\". This was followed by appearances in \"Zoey 101\", \"Hannah Montana\" as Josh and repeated appearances as the voice of 'Teo\" in \"\". In 2006 he was cast as 'Meat' in \"The Last Day of Summer\". In 2008, Samonas made ... | [
{
"docid": "16218516",
"text": "Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound Wizards of Waverly Place: Spellbound is a video game published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS, and released on November 16, 2010. The game is based on the popular Disney Channel show, \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". There ... |
98 | who sings i just died in your arms | [
"Cutting Crew"
] | [
{
"docid": "7997305",
"text": "(I Just) Died in Your Arms \"(I Just) Died in Your Arms\" is a song by the English rock band Cutting Crew. The song was released as the lead single from their debut studio album, \"Broadcast\" (1986). It was first released on 25 July 1986 in the United Kingdom, and then releas... | [
{
"docid": "16543645",
"text": "that Bieber sings over makes me melt in the same way his anime eyes makes little girls melt (Bieber still has them melting, right?). There is an in-your-ear-not-your-mouth joke to be made, but I will refrain because, ugh, I just died in your arms this year, Bieber. Even the r... |
99 | what is the frequency of ac current in north america | [
"60 Hz"
] | [
{
"docid": "2702199",
"text": "Utility frequency The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user. In large... | [
{
"docid": "19661961",
"text": "an independent AC grid for physical reasons. Because of its unique status, it is often functionally considered part of the Eastern Interconnection. The Quebec Interconnection is tied to the Eastern Interconnection with four high-voltage direct current power transmission lines... |
100 | when did zebra mussels come to north america | [
"1988"
] | [
{
"docid": "2709268",
"text": "reporting having problems with their water treatment plants with the mussels attaching themselves to pipeworks. Anglian Water has estimated that it costs £500,000 per year to remove the mussels from their treatment plants. It has been argued that zebra mussels have also had an... | [
{
"docid": "2709264",
"text": "The vast majority of the organisms that are natural enemies in Europe are not present in North America. Ecologically similar species do exist, but these species are unlikely to be able to eliminate those mussels already established and will have a limited role in their control... |
101 | who plays the voice of tiana in princess and the frog | [
"Anika Noni Rose"
] | [
{
"docid": "8378906",
"text": "in New Orleans during the 1920s Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's major characters. In February 2007, it was reported that \"Dreamgirls\" actresses Jennifer Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of Tiana, and that Alicia Keys directly c... | [
{
"docid": "8378893",
"text": "which Facilier intends to use to have Lawrence marry Charlotte, after which, he will kill La Bouff and claim his fortune. At the ball, Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder. Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume,... |
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