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  ---
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  configs:
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- - config_name: Absolute_depth
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Absolute_depth/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Action
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Action/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Color
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Color/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Counting
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Counting/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Emotion
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Emotion/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Fine-grained
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Fine-grained/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Localization
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Localization/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: OCR
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/OCR/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Orientation
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Orientation/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Recognition
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Recognition/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Relative_depth
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Relative_depth/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Scene_Classification
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Scene_Classification/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Spatial
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Spatial/train-*.parquet
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- - config_name: Texture
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- data_files:
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- - split: train
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- path: train/Texture/train-*.parquet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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  # AVA-Bench
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- Each capability is a separate subset. Pick one in the viewer's config dropdown.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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  configs:
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+ - config_name: Absolute_depth
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Absolute_depth/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Action
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Action/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Color
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Color/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Counting
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Counting/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Emotion
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Emotion/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Fine-grained
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Fine-grained/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Localization
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Localization/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: OCR
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/OCR/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Orientation
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Orientation/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Recognition
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Recognition/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Relative_depth
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Relative_depth/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Scene_Classification
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Scene_Classification/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Spatial
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Spatial/train-*.parquet
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+ - config_name: Texture
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+ data_files:
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+ - split: train
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+ path: train/Texture/train-*.parquet
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+ license: cc-by-4.0
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+ task_categories:
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+ - visual-question-answering
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+ - image-classification
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+ - image-to-text
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ tags:
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+ - multimodal
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+ - vision-language
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+ - benchmark
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+ - instruction-tuning
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 100K<n<1M
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  ---
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  # AVA-Bench
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+ Training dataset for the paper **AVA-Bench: Atomic Visual Ability Benchmark for Vision Foundation Models** ([arXiv:2506.09082](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09082)) accepted in **CVPR 2026**.
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+
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+ AVA-Bench is a diagnostic benchmark for evaluating Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) through Atomic Visual Abilities (AVAs): fundamental perceptual skills such as localization, counting, OCR, spatial understanding, depth estimation, color recognition, texture recognition, and fine-grained recognition.
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+
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+ AVA-Bench disentangls visual perception into **14 atomic visual capabilities**, each with distribution-matched training and evaluation splits. This allows researchers to measure where a VFM excels or fails and to construct capability-level “ability fingerprints” for model comparison and selection.
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+
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+ This Hub release contains the **training split** of AVA-Bench. The evaluation split is released separately; see the project page and paper for details.
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+
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+ ## Capabilities
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+
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+ AVA-Bench covers **14 atomic visual capabilities**, each released as its own subset/config:
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+
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+ | Capability | Tests |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | `Action` | Recognizing human/animal actions in images |
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+ | `Color` | Identifying object colors |
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+ | `Counting` | Counting instances of an object |
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+ | `Emotion` | Recognizing emotion from facial expressions/scenes |
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+ | `Fine-grained` | Fine-grained category discrimination, such as bird, plant, animal, fungi, or aircraft categories |
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+ | `Localization` | Locating objects via bounding-box queries |
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+ | `OCR` | Reading text rendered in images |
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+ | `Orientation` | Determining the orientation or pose of objects |
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+ | `Recognition` | Object/entity recognition |
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+ | `Scene_Classification` | Classifying the overall scene/place |
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+ | `Spatial` | Reasoning about spatial relationships between objects |
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+ | `Texture` | Identifying surface textures |
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+ | `Absolute_depth` | Estimating absolute depth from a single image |
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+ | `Relative_depth` | Comparing depth between two regions |
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+
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+ ## Dataset structure
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+
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+ Each subset has a single `train` split, stored as Parquet shards with image bytes **embedded** in the file.
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+
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+ ### Data fields
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+
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+ Every example contains:
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+
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+ - `image` (`datasets.Image`) — the input image, decoded as a PIL image on access.
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+ - `id` (`string`) — unique example identifier.
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+ - `conversations` (`list` of `{from, value}`) — instruction-tuning style turns. The `human` turn includes the question, usually with an `<image>` placeholder, and the `gpt` turn includes the ground-truth answer.
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+
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+ Some capabilities may additionally include fields such as:
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+
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+ - `height`
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+ - `width`
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+ - `category`
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+ - `area`
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+ - bounding-box or region metadata, depending on the capability
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+ Per-subset row counts are visible in the dataset viewer's config dropdown.
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+ Please go to github to use the dataset to evaluate Vision Foundation Models. If you want to check the dataset:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from datasets import load_dataset
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+
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+ # Load one capability
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+ ds = load_dataset("act13/AVA-Bench", name="Counting", split="train")
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+
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+ print(ds[0])
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+ # {
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+ # 'id': '...',
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+ # 'image': <PIL.Image.Image image mode=RGB ...>,
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+ # 'conversations': [
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+ # {'from': 'human', 'value': '<image>\n...'},
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+ # {'from': 'gpt', 'value': '...'}
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+ # ],
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+ # ...
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+ # }
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+ ```
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+
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+ To stream without downloading the full subset:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from datasets import load_dataset
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+
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+ ds = load_dataset(
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+ "act13/AVA-Bench",
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+ name="Counting",
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+ split="train",
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+ streaming=True,
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+ )
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+
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+ for ex in ds.take(5):
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+ print(ex["conversations"][0]["value"])
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+ print(ex["conversations"][1]["value"])
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Intended uses
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+
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+ AVA-Bench is intended for research on vision foundation models and vision-language systems. Suitable uses include:
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+
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+ - Training or instruction-tuning vision-language models on atomic visual abilities.
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+ - Diagnosing which visual capabilities a VFM lacks.
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+ - Comparing VFMs through capability-level performance rather than only aggregate VQA accuracy.
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+ - Constructing balanced training mixtures across visual abilities.
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+ - Studying how different VFM pretraining objectives affect downstream perceptual capabilities.
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+
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+
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+
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+ ## Source datasets
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+
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+ AVA-Bench is curated from multiple existing datasets, depending on the atomic visual ability. Source datasets include, but are not necessarily limited to:
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+
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+ - Objects365
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+ - LVIS
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+ - iNaturalist-2021
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+ - DIOR
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+ - NYU-Depth V2
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+ - KITTI
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+ - COCO-Text
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+ - IIIT5K
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+ - TextVQA
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+ - EgoOrientBench
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+ - CURE-OR
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+ - Places434
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+ - AID
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+ - CUB-200-2011
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+ - FGVC-Aircraft
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+ - MiT
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+ - DTD
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+ - Kylberg
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+ - KTH-TIPS
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+ - KTH-TIPS2
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+
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+ Please see the paper for the full per-capability dataset construction details and source-license breakdown.
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+
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+ ## License
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+
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+ This dataset card and the AVA-Bench organization/annotations are released under **CC-BY-4.0**.
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+
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+ Underlying images retain the licenses of their original source datasets. Users are responsible for respecting the license terms and usage restrictions of each source dataset.
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ If you use AVA-Bench, please cite:
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @article{mai2025ava,
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+ title={Ava-bench: Atomic visual ability benchmark for vision foundation models},
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+ author={Mai, Zheda and Chowdhury, Arpita and Wang, Zihe and Jeon, Sooyoung and Wang, Lemeng and Hou, Jiacheng and Chao, Wei-Lun},
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+ journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.09082},
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+ year={2025}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Contact
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+
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+ Open a discussion on this dataset's Community tab, or reach the authors via the contact information provided in the paper.