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---
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configs:
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---
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# AVA-Bench
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---
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configs:
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- config_name: Absolute_depth
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Absolute_depth/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Action
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Action/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Color
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Color/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Counting
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Counting/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Emotion
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Emotion/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Fine-grained
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Fine-grained/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Localization
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Localization/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: OCR
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/OCR/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Orientation
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Orientation/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Recognition
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Recognition/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Relative_depth
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Relative_depth/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Scene_Classification
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Scene_Classification/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Spatial
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Spatial/train-*.parquet
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- config_name: Texture
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: train/Texture/train-*.parquet
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license: cc-by-4.0
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task_categories:
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- visual-question-answering
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- image-classification
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- image-to-text
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- multimodal
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- vision-language
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- benchmark
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- instruction-tuning
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size_categories:
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- 100K<n<1M
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---
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# AVA-Bench
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Training dataset for the paper **AVA-Bench: Atomic Visual Ability Benchmark for Vision Foundation Models** ([arXiv:2506.09082](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09082)) accepted in **CVPR 2026**.
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AVA-Bench is a diagnostic benchmark for evaluating Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) through Atomic Visual Abilities (AVAs): fundamental perceptual skills such as localization, counting, OCR, spatial understanding, depth estimation, color recognition, texture recognition, and fine-grained recognition.
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AVA-Bench disentangls visual perception into **14 atomic visual capabilities**, each with distribution-matched training and evaluation splits. This allows researchers to measure where a VFM excels or fails and to construct capability-level “ability fingerprints” for model comparison and selection.
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This Hub release contains the **training split** of AVA-Bench. The evaluation split is released separately; see the project page and paper for details.
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## Capabilities
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AVA-Bench covers **14 atomic visual capabilities**, each released as its own subset/config:
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| Capability | Tests |
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|---|---|
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| `Action` | Recognizing human/animal actions in images |
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| `Color` | Identifying object colors |
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| `Counting` | Counting instances of an object |
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| `Emotion` | Recognizing emotion from facial expressions/scenes |
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| `Fine-grained` | Fine-grained category discrimination, such as bird, plant, animal, fungi, or aircraft categories |
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| `Localization` | Locating objects via bounding-box queries |
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| `OCR` | Reading text rendered in images |
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| `Orientation` | Determining the orientation or pose of objects |
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| `Recognition` | Object/entity recognition |
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| `Scene_Classification` | Classifying the overall scene/place |
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| `Spatial` | Reasoning about spatial relationships between objects |
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| `Texture` | Identifying surface textures |
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| `Absolute_depth` | Estimating absolute depth from a single image |
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| `Relative_depth` | Comparing depth between two regions |
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## Dataset structure
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Each subset has a single `train` split, stored as Parquet shards with image bytes **embedded** in the file.
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### Data fields
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Every example contains:
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- `image` (`datasets.Image`) — the input image, decoded as a PIL image on access.
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- `id` (`string`) — unique example identifier.
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- `conversations` (`list` of `{from, value}`) — instruction-tuning style turns. The `human` turn includes the question, usually with an `<image>` placeholder, and the `gpt` turn includes the ground-truth answer.
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Some capabilities may additionally include fields such as:
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- `height`
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- `width`
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- `category`
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- `area`
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- bounding-box or region metadata, depending on the capability
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Per-subset row counts are visible in the dataset viewer's config dropdown.
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## Usage
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Please go to github to use the dataset to evaluate Vision Foundation Models. If you want to check the dataset:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load one capability
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ds = load_dataset("act13/AVA-Bench", name="Counting", split="train")
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print(ds[0])
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# {
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# 'id': '...',
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# 'image': <PIL.Image.Image image mode=RGB ...>,
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# 'conversations': [
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# {'from': 'human', 'value': '<image>\n...'},
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# {'from': 'gpt', 'value': '...'}
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# ],
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# ...
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# }
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```
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To stream without downloading the full subset:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset(
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"act13/AVA-Bench",
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name="Counting",
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split="train",
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streaming=True,
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)
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for ex in ds.take(5):
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print(ex["conversations"][0]["value"])
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print(ex["conversations"][1]["value"])
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```
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## Intended uses
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AVA-Bench is intended for research on vision foundation models and vision-language systems. Suitable uses include:
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- Training or instruction-tuning vision-language models on atomic visual abilities.
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- Diagnosing which visual capabilities a VFM lacks.
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- Comparing VFMs through capability-level performance rather than only aggregate VQA accuracy.
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- Constructing balanced training mixtures across visual abilities.
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- Studying how different VFM pretraining objectives affect downstream perceptual capabilities.
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## Source datasets
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AVA-Bench is curated from multiple existing datasets, depending on the atomic visual ability. Source datasets include, but are not necessarily limited to:
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- Objects365
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- LVIS
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- iNaturalist-2021
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- DIOR
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- NYU-Depth V2
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- KITTI
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- COCO-Text
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- IIIT5K
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- TextVQA
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- EgoOrientBench
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- CURE-OR
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- Places434
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- AID
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- CUB-200-2011
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- FGVC-Aircraft
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- MiT
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- DTD
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- Kylberg
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- KTH-TIPS
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- KTH-TIPS2
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Please see the paper for the full per-capability dataset construction details and source-license breakdown.
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## License
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This dataset card and the AVA-Bench organization/annotations are released under **CC-BY-4.0**.
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Underlying images retain the licenses of their original source datasets. Users are responsible for respecting the license terms and usage restrictions of each source dataset.
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## Citation
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If you use AVA-Bench, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@article{mai2025ava,
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title={Ava-bench: Atomic visual ability benchmark for vision foundation models},
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author={Mai, Zheda and Chowdhury, Arpita and Wang, Zihe and Jeon, Sooyoung and Wang, Lemeng and Hou, Jiacheng and Chao, Wei-Lun},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.09082},
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year={2025}
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}
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```
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## Contact
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Open a discussion on this dataset's Community tab, or reach the authors via the contact information provided in the paper.
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