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{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Jupyter environment detected. Enabling Open3D WebVisualizer.\n",
      "[Open3D INFO] WebRTC GUI backend enabled.\n",
      "[Open3D INFO] WebRTCWindowSystem: HTTP handshake server disabled.\n",
      "Reading point cloud from car_source.ply\n",
      "Removing duplicate points (epsilon = 0.001)\n",
      "Performing voxel downsampling with voxel size 0.05\n",
      "\n",
      "Point cloud statistics:\n",
      "Original points: 2016000\n",
      "Points after duplicate removal: 619908\n",
      "Final points after downsampling: 619908\n",
      "Duplicate removal reduction: 69.25%\n",
      "Total reduction: 69.25%\n",
      "Reading point cloud from car_target.ply\n",
      "Removing duplicate points (epsilon = 0.001)\n",
      "Performing voxel downsampling with voxel size 0.05\n",
      "\n",
      "Point cloud statistics:\n",
      "Original points: 2016000\n",
      "Points after duplicate removal: 873663\n",
      "Final points after downsampling: 873663\n",
      "Duplicate removal reduction: 56.66%\n",
      "Total reduction: 56.66%\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import open3d as o3d\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "def write_ply(points, output_path):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Write points and parameters to a PLY file\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Parameters:\n",
    "    points: numpy array of shape (N, 3) containing point coordinates\n",
    "    output_path: path to save the PLY file\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    with open(output_path, 'w') as f:\n",
    "        # Write header\n",
    "        f.write(\"ply\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"format ascii 1.0\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write vertex element\n",
    "        f.write(f\"element vertex {len(points)}\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float x\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float y\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float z\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write camera element\n",
    "        f.write(\"element camera 1\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float view_px\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float view_py\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float view_pz\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float x_axisx\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float x_axisy\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float x_axisz\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float y_axisx\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float y_axisy\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float y_axisz\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float z_axisx\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float z_axisy\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float z_axisz\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write phoxi frame parameters\n",
    "        f.write(\"element phoxi_frame_params 1\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property uint32 frame_width\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property uint32 frame_height\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property uint32 frame_index\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float frame_start_time\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float frame_duration\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float frame_computation_duration\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float frame_transfer_duration\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property int32 total_scan_count\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write camera matrix\n",
    "        f.write(\"element camera_matrix 1\\n\")\n",
    "        for i in range(9):\n",
    "            f.write(f\"property float cm{i}\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write distortion matrix\n",
    "        f.write(\"element distortion_matrix 1\\n\")\n",
    "        for i in range(14):\n",
    "            f.write(f\"property float dm{i}\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write camera resolution\n",
    "        f.write(\"element camera_resolution 1\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float width\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float height\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write frame binning\n",
    "        f.write(\"element frame_binning 1\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float horizontal\\n\")\n",
    "        f.write(\"property float vertical\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # End header\n",
    "        f.write(\"end_header\\n\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Write vertex data\n",
    "        for point in points:\n",
    "            f.write(f\"{point[0]} {point[1]} {point[2]}\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "        return True\n",
    "    \n",
    "def random_rotation_matrix():\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Generate a random 3x3 rotation matrix (SO(3) matrix).\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Uses the method described by James Arvo in \"Fast Random Rotation Matrices\" (1992):\n",
    "    1. Generate a random unit vector for rotation axis\n",
    "    2. Generate a random angle\n",
    "    3. Create rotation matrix using Rodriguez rotation formula\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Returns:\n",
    "        numpy.ndarray: A 3x3 random rotation matrix\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    # Generate random angle between 0 and 2π\n",
    "    theta = np.random.uniform(0, 2 * np.pi)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Generate random unit vector for rotation axis\n",
    "    phi = np.random.uniform(0, 2 * np.pi)\n",
    "    cos_theta = np.random.uniform(-1, 1)\n",
    "    sin_theta = np.sqrt(1 - cos_theta**2)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    axis = np.array([\n",
    "        sin_theta * np.cos(phi),\n",
    "        sin_theta * np.sin(phi),\n",
    "        cos_theta\n",
    "    ])\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Normalize to ensure it's a unit vector\n",
    "    axis = axis / np.linalg.norm(axis)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Create the cross-product matrix K\n",
    "    K = np.array([\n",
    "        [0, -axis[2], axis[1]],\n",
    "        [axis[2], 0, -axis[0]],\n",
    "        [-axis[1], axis[0], 0]\n",
    "    ])\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Rodriguez rotation formula: R = I + sin(θ)K + (1-cos(θ))K²\n",
    "    R = (np.eye(3) + \n",
    "         np.sin(theta) * K + \n",
    "         (1 - np.cos(theta)) * np.dot(K, K))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return R\n",
    "\n",
    "def remove_duplicates(pcd, eps=0.001):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Remove duplicate points from point cloud within epsilon distance\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Parameters:\n",
    "    pcd: open3d.geometry.PointCloud\n",
    "    eps: float, maximum distance between points to be considered duplicates\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Returns:\n",
    "    open3d.geometry.PointCloud: Point cloud with duplicates removed\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    # Convert to numpy array for processing\n",
    "    points = np.asarray(pcd.points)\n",
    "    colors = np.asarray(pcd.colors) if pcd.has_colors() else None\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Use voxel downsampling with very small voxel size to remove duplicates\n",
    "    temp_pcd = o3d.geometry.PointCloud()\n",
    "    temp_pcd.points = o3d.utility.Vector3dVector(points)\n",
    "    if colors is not None:\n",
    "        temp_pcd.colors = o3d.utility.Vector3dVector(colors)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Use voxel downsampling with epsilon size to remove points within eps distance\n",
    "    deduped_pcd = temp_pcd.voxel_down_sample(voxel_size=eps)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return deduped_pcd\n",
    "\n",
    "def downsample_ply(input_path, output_path, method='voxel', voxel_size=0.05, \n",
    "                   every_k_points=5, remove_duplicates_eps=0.001, perturb = False):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Remove duplicates and downsample a PLY file using different methods.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Parameters:\n",
    "    input_path (str): Path to input PLY file\n",
    "    output_path (str): Path to save downsampled PLY file\n",
    "    method (str): Downsampling method ('voxel', 'uniform', or 'random')\n",
    "    voxel_size (float): Size of voxel for voxel downsampling\n",
    "    every_k_points (int): Keep every kth point for uniform downsampling\n",
    "    remove_duplicates_eps (float): Maximum distance between points to be considered duplicates\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Returns:\n",
    "    bool: True if successful, False otherwise\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    try:\n",
    "        # Read point cloud\n",
    "        print(f\"Reading point cloud from {input_path}\")\n",
    "        pcd = o3d.io.read_point_cloud(input_path)\n",
    "        original_points = len(np.asarray(pcd.points))\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Remove duplicates first\n",
    "        print(f\"Removing duplicate points (epsilon = {remove_duplicates_eps})\")\n",
    "        pcd = remove_duplicates(pcd, eps=remove_duplicates_eps)\n",
    "        after_dedup_points = len(np.asarray(pcd.points))\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Perform downsampling based on selected method\n",
    "        if method == 'voxel':\n",
    "            print(f\"Performing voxel downsampling with voxel size {voxel_size}\")\n",
    "            downsampled_pcd = pcd.voxel_down_sample(voxel_size=voxel_size)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        elif method == 'uniform':\n",
    "            print(f\"Performing uniform downsampling, keeping every {every_k_points}th point\")\n",
    "            downsampled_pcd = pcd.uniform_down_sample(every_k_points=every_k_points)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        elif method == 'random':\n",
    "            points = np.asarray(pcd.points)\n",
    "            colors = np.asarray(pcd.colors) if pcd.has_colors() else None\n",
    "            indices = np.random.choice(\n",
    "                points.shape[0], \n",
    "                size=points.shape[0] // every_k_points, \n",
    "                replace=False\n",
    "            )\n",
    "            downsampled_pcd = o3d.geometry.PointCloud()\n",
    "            downsampled_pcd.points = o3d.utility.Vector3dVector(points[indices])\n",
    "            if colors is not None:\n",
    "                downsampled_pcd.colors = o3d.utility.Vector3dVector(colors[indices])\n",
    "        \n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            raise ValueError(f\"Unknown downsampling method: {method}\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        point_cloud = np.asarray(downsampled_pcd.points)\n",
    "        if perturb:\n",
    "            R_perturb = random_rotation_matrix()\n",
    "            t_perturb = np.random.rand(3) * 0.01\n",
    "            point_cloud = np.dot(R_perturb, point_cloud.T).T + t_perturb.T\n",
    "\n",
    "        # Save downsampled point cloud\n",
    "        success = write_ply(point_cloud, output_path)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        if not success:\n",
    "            raise Exception(\"Failed to write point cloud\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Print statistics\n",
    "        final_points = len(np.asarray(downsampled_pcd.points))\n",
    "        dedup_reduction = (1 - after_dedup_points/original_points) * 100\n",
    "        total_reduction = (1 - final_points/original_points) * 100\n",
    "        \n",
    "        print(\"\\nPoint cloud statistics:\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Original points: {original_points}\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Points after duplicate removal: {after_dedup_points}\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Final points after downsampling: {final_points}\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Duplicate removal reduction: {dedup_reduction:.2f}%\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Total reduction: {total_reduction:.2f}%\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "        return True\n",
    "        \n",
    "    except Exception as e:\n",
    "        print(f\"Error during processing: {str(e)}\")\n",
    "        return False\n",
    "\n",
    "mode = 'downsample' # 'downsample', 'voxel', 'uniform'\n",
    "\n",
    "if mode == 'downsample':\n",
    "    # Voxel downsampling\n",
    "    downsample_ply(\n",
    "        \"car_source.ply\",\n",
    "        \"car_source_downsample.ply\",\n",
    "        method='voxel',\n",
    "        voxel_size=0.05,\n",
    "        remove_duplicates_eps=0.001,\n",
    "        perturb = True\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    downsample_ply(\n",
    "        \"car_target.ply\",\n",
    "        \"car_target_downsample.ply\",\n",
    "        method='voxel',\n",
    "        voxel_size=0.05,\n",
    "        remove_duplicates_eps=0.001\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "if mode == 'voxel':    \n",
    "    # Uniform downsampling\n",
    "    downsample_ply(\n",
    "        \"car_source.ply\",\n",
    "        \"car_source_downsample.ply\",\n",
    "        method='uniform',\n",
    "        every_k_points=5,\n",
    "        remove_duplicates_eps=0.001\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    downsample_ply(\n",
    "        \"car_target.ply\",\n",
    "        \"car_target_downsample.ply\",\n",
    "        method='uniform',\n",
    "        every_k_points=5,\n",
    "        remove_duplicates_eps=0.001\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "if mode == 'uniform':    \n",
    "    # Random downsampling\n",
    "    downsample_ply(\n",
    "        \"car_source.ply\",\n",
    "        \"car_source_downsample.ply\",\n",
    "        method='random',\n",
    "        every_k_points=5,\n",
    "        remove_duplicates_eps=0.001\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    downsample_ply(\n",
    "        \"car_target.ply\",\n",
    "        \"car_target_downsample.ply\",\n",
    "        method='random',\n",
    "        every_k_points=5,\n",
    "        remove_duplicates_eps=0.001\n",
    "    )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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