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- analysis/dev.parquet +2 -2
- analysis/test.parquet +2 -2
- analysis/train.parquet +2 -2
- dataset.stats.json +13 -13
- inflection/dev.parquet +2 -2
- inflection/test.parquet +2 -2
- inflection/train.parquet +2 -2
README.md
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A morphological inflection and analysis benchmark for Kabyle (Taqbaylit, `kab`, Latin script), from the
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[AƔBALU](https://huggingface.co/agbalu) project.
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**
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paradigmatically sealed splits (0 paradigm leakage), plus **6,198 complete verb conjugation tables**.
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```python
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Morphological Inflection (Seq2Seq Morphological Generation): `(lemma, feats)` → `form`.
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-
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| split | lemmas | inflected forms |
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|---|---|---|
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| `train` | 10,580 |
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| `dev` | 1,323 |
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| `test` | 1,323 | 33,
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| **total** | **13,226** | **
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### Schema
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| `feats` | string | Universal Dependencies (UD) FEATS (e.g. `Aspect=Perf\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3`) |
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| `tense_raw` | string | Legacy source tense descriptor (e.g. `prétérit`, `aoriste intensif`) |
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| `person_raw` | string | Legacy source person descriptor (e.g. `3s_m`, `1p`) |
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| `form` | string | Inflected surface form
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## `analysis`
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Morphological Analysis and Lemmatisation: `form` → `(lemma, feats)`.
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Same
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## `paradigms`
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`agbalu/KabInflect` fixes this:
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- Entries are grouped strictly by **verb lemma** (`infinitif`).
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- Splitting is performed at the **lemma level** with seed 42.
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- **0% lemma overlap**: all 1,323 verbs in `test` (33,
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## Orthography
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All Kabyle text is normalised under normaliser `1.3.0+rules1.0.0` (81 rules)
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## Evaluation Protocol & Baseline Floor
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The benchmark evaluates morphological generation (`inflection`) and parsing (`analysis`) on **1,323 held-out test verb lemmas (33,
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| task | system | exact match | CER |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| inflection | copy the lemma unchanged | 4.
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```bash
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make bench TASK=inflect
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**The floor is not zero, and that is why it is measured rather than assumed.** Kabyle's
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imperative singular *is* the citation form for most verbs, so a copy is correct in one cell
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of nearly every paradigm — 4.
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zero would be flattered by exactly that much.
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No system has yet been scored on the `analysis` direction.
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## Known Limits
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- **Verb-focused.** Covers Kabyle verbal morphology (the largest morphological paradigm family in the language); nominal annexed-state paradigms are covered separately in `agbalu/KabLex`.
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- **Gloss language.** Paradigm translations are French, reflecting the source dictionary.
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- **Standard orthography.** Uses standard Kabyle Latin script; does not cover dialectal spellings or Tifinagh (see `agbalu/KabTifinagh` for script conversion).
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A morphological inflection and analysis benchmark for Kabyle (Taqbaylit, `kab`, Latin script), from the
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[AƔBALU](https://huggingface.co/agbalu) project.
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**336,151 inflected verb form entries** across **13,226 unique verb lemmas**, partitioned into
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paradigmatically sealed splits (0 paradigm leakage), plus **6,198 complete verb conjugation tables**.
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```python
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Morphological Inflection (Seq2Seq Morphological Generation): `(lemma, feats)` → `form`.
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336,151 total entries across 13,226 verb lemmas.
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| split | lemmas | inflected forms |
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|---|---|---|
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| `train` | 10,580 | 270,026 |
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| `dev` | 1,323 | 33,060 |
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| `test` | 1,323 | 33,065 |
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| **total** | **13,226** | **336,151** |
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### Schema
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| `feats` | string | Universal Dependencies (UD) FEATS (e.g. `Aspect=Perf\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3`) |
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| `tense_raw` | string | Legacy source tense descriptor (e.g. `prétérit`, `aoriste intensif`) |
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| `person_raw` | string | Legacy source person descriptor (e.g. `3s_m`, `1p`) |
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| `form` | string | Inflected surface form, normalised; see Orthography — emphatic `ṛ` is unmarked |
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## `analysis`
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Morphological Analysis and Lemmatisation: `form` → `(lemma, feats)`.
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Same 336,151 entries, indexed by inflected surface form.
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## `paradigms`
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`agbalu/KabInflect` fixes this:
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- Entries are grouped strictly by **verb lemma** (`infinitif`).
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- Splitting is performed at the **lemma level** with seed 42.
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- **0% lemma overlap**: all 1,323 verbs in `test` (33,065 forms) are completely unseen during training. A system must learn the underlying rules of Kabyle morphology to succeed.
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## Orthography
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All Kabyle text is normalised under normaliser `1.3.0+rules1.0.0` (81 rules). The source
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text carries 0.00% homoglyph error and 0.00% legacy-font mojibake.
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🔴 **The emphatic `ṛ` is not represented, and this is a property of the source.** Measured
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over all 270,026 training forms, `ṛ` U+1E5B occurs **0 times**, while `ḍ` appears in 14.43%
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of forms, `ḥ` in 12.14%, `ṣ` in 3.36%, `ẓ` in 2.73% and `ṭ` in 4.37%. The upstream
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conjugation resource writes plain `r` throughout — its lemmas are `ruḥ`, `ṣber` and `ɛreḍ`,
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not `ṛuḥ`, `ṣbeṛ` and `ɛṛeḍ`.
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The normaliser did not remove it; there was never anything to preserve. **The `ṛ`/`r`
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contrast is therefore neutralised in this dataset**, and it is *not* neutralised in
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[`agbalu/KabLex`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/agbalu/KabLex), which carries both `ṛuḥ`
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and `ruḥ`. A model trained here will not produce emphatic `ṛ`, and scoring its output
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against text that marks it will count every such form wrong.
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Restoring it would mean deciding, for each `r`, whether the verb takes the emphatic — a
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lexical question this dataset has no evidence for. It is disclosed rather than guessed.
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## Evaluation Protocol & Baseline Floor
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The benchmark evaluates morphological generation (`inflection`) and parsing (`analysis`) on **1,323 held-out test verb lemmas (33,065 unseen test forms)**.
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| task | system | exact match | CER |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| inflection | copy the lemma unchanged | 4.07% | 30.73% |
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```bash
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make bench TASK=inflect
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**The floor is not zero, and that is why it is measured rather than assumed.** Kabyle's
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imperative singular *is* the citation form for most verbs, so a copy is correct in one cell
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of nearly every paradigm — 4.07% of 33,065 test forms. A headline exact match read against
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zero would be flattered by exactly that much.
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No system has yet been scored on the `analysis` direction.
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## Known Limits
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- **No emphatic `ṛ`.** See Orthography above — 0 occurrences in 270,026 forms, because the
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source resource does not mark it. This is the most consequential limit here.
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- **Deduplicated.** The raw shards repeat rows verbatim: one verb's intensive stems can
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generate the same cell twice. **8,594 identical rows were dropped** (344,745 → 336,151),
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so no form is silently reweighted during training. Earlier revisions of this dataset
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carried them.
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- **Verb-focused.** Covers Kabyle verbal morphology (the largest morphological paradigm family in the language); nominal annexed-state paradigms are covered separately in `agbalu/KabLex`.
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- **Gloss language.** Paradigm translations are French, reflecting the source dictionary.
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- **Standard orthography.** Uses standard Kabyle Latin script; does not cover dialectal spellings or Tifinagh (see `agbalu/KabTifinagh` for script conversion).
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analysis/dev.parquet
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analysis/test.parquet
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dataset.stats.json
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{
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