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ai4data
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-{
-  "type": "document",
-  "metadata_information": {
-    "title": "Verifying exchange rate regimes",
-    "idno": "436959",
-    "producers": [
-      {
-        "name": "Library",
-        "abbr": "ITSKI",
-        "affiliation": "World Bank",
-        "role": "Curation"
-      }
-    ],
-    "production_date": "2024/05/12",
-    "version": "R script, from D&R API, generated on 2024-05-12"
-  },
-  "document_description": {
-    "title_statement": {
-      "idno": "436959",
-      "title": "Verifying exchange rate regimes",
-      "sub_title": "",
-      "alternate_title": "",
-      "translated_title": ""
-    },
-    "authors": [
-      {
-        "first_name": "",
-        "initial": "",
-        "last_name": "",
-        "affiliation": "",
-        "full_name": "Serven,Luis"
-      },
-      {
-        "first_name": "",
-        "initial": "",
-        "last_name": "",
-        "affiliation": "",
-        "full_name": "Frankel,Jeffrey A."
-      },
-      {
-        "first_name": "",
-        "initial": "",
-        "last_name": "",
-        "affiliation": "",
-        "full_name": "Fajnzylber,Eduardo"
-      },
-      {
-        "first_name": "",
-        "initial": "",
-        "last_name": "",
-        "affiliation": "",
-        "full_name": "Schmukler,Sergio L."
-      }
-    ],
-    "date_created": "2000/07/31",
-    "date_available": "2010/07/01",
-    "date_published": "2010/07/01",
-    "identifiers": [
-      {
-        "type": "World Bank D&R",
-        "identifier": "436959"
-      },
-      {
-        "type": "World Bank ID",
-        "identifier": "090224b082b0553a"
-      },
-      {
-        "type": "World Bank Chronical ID",
-        "identifier": "090224b082b0553a"
-      },
-      {
-        "type": "DOI",
-        "identifier": ""
-      }
-    ],
-    "type": "Policy Research Working Paper",
-    "abstract": "Credibility and transparency are at the core of the current debate about exchange rate regimes. The steady growth in the magnitude and variability of international capital flows has complicated the question of whether to use floating, fixed, or intermediate exchange rate regimes. Emerging market economies are abandoning basket pegs, crawling pegs, bands, adjustable pegs, and various combinations of these. One of several reasons intermediate regimes have fallen out of favor is that they are not transparent; it is very difficult to verify them. Verifiability is a concrete example of the principle of \"transparency\" so often invoked in discussions of the new international financial architecture but so seldom made precise. A simple peg or a simple float may be easier for market participants to verify than a more complicated intermediate regime. The authors investigate how difficult it is for investors to verify from observable data whether the authorities are in fact following the exchange rate regime they claim to be following. Of the various intermediate regimes, they focus on basket pegs with bands. Statistically, it can take a surprisingly long span of data for an econometrician or investor to verify whether such a regime is actually in operation. The authors find that verification becomes more difficult as the regime's bands widen or more currencies enter the basket peg. At the other extreme, they also analyze regimes described as the regime's bands widen or more currencies enter the basket peg. At the other extreme, they also analyze regimes described as free floating and find that in some cases the observed exchange rate data do validate the announced regime.",
-    "ref_country": [
-      {
-        "name": "Iceland",
-        "code": "ISL"
-      },
-      {
-        "name": "Chile",
-        "code": "CHL"
-      }
-    ],
-    "spatial_coverage": "Europe and Central Asia",
-    "languages": [
-      {
-        "name": "english",
-        "code": "en"
-      }
-    ],
-    "volume": "1",
-    "number": "WPS2397",
-    "url": "http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/688461468774663247/pdf/multi-page.pdf",
-    "contacts": [
-      {
-        "name": "Documents and Reports Help Desk",
-        "affiliation": "World Bank",
-        "email": "documents@worldbank.org",
-        "uri": "https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/faqs"
-      }
-    ],
-    "usage_terms": "See World Bank Access to Information (https://www.worldbank.org/en/access-to-information)",
-    "disclaimer": "The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.",
-    "security_classification": "Public",
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-        "id": "",
-        "name": "exchange rate",
-        "vocabulary": "World Bank"
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-        "name": "exchange rates",
-        "vocabulary": "World Bank"
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-        "name": "exchange rate regime",
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-        "name": "council on foreign relation",
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-        "name": "intermediate regime",
-        "vocabulary": "World Bank"
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-        "name": "market participant",
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-        "name": "basket peg",
-        "vocabulary": "World Bank"
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-        "name": "intermediate exchange rate regime",
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-        "name": "short period of time",
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