Input: this way, profiling of IDP situations aims to underpin advocacy, protection and assistance activities as well as support the achievement of durable solutions by informing joint strategies between government, humanitarian and development actors. Profiling provides an overview of displacement-affected populations through the collection and analysis of minimum core data (number of IDPs, disaggregated by location, age and sex) and where possible additional quantitative and qualitative data (causes of displacement, patterns of displacement, protection concerns, humanitarian needs, vulnerabilities, and aspirations and prospects for durable solutions). Profiling may utilize data collection techniques at individual, household and community levels, often combining population estimation methods, a review of secondary data, focus group discussions, household surveys and key informant interviews targeted specifically at forcibly displaced populations (UNSD 2014). 70 Profiling methods focus on displacement situations, rather than only on displaced populations, and therefore includes comparisons to conditions in the host population. IDMC estimates that humanitarian profiling data forms the basis for 18 of their 60 country estimates and around 63 percent of their annual estimates (IDMC 2015), with the largest volume of data on conflict-induced internal displacement provided by OCHA followed by IOM. There are several practical challenges associated with IDP profiling exercises in displacement situations. Insecurity or terrain may impede access to displaced populations in conflict-affected or hard to reach areas.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 12% 63% Labor force participation rate (relaxed) 72% 67% Unemployment (relaxed) 19% 75% Employment-to-population ratio 58% 17% Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Note: Labor force participation ratio is the share of working-age people who are engaged in the labor market, either employed or unemployed. Unemployment is the share of people participating in the labor force who are not employed. The “relaxed” definition of labor force participation includes anyone who is available to work. The “strict” definition of labor force participation includes only those who are available to work and also actively searching for work. Employment-to-population ratio is the share of working-age people who are employed. Jobs and Livelihoods 36 Occupational downgrading among the small share of OCP refugees who work is not explained by education, gender, and age. Another way to visualize the scale of occupational downgrading among refugees in Addis Ababa is to calculate how they should be distributed across occupations if they were in the same occupations as hosts within their education, gender, and age group. For example, suppose that among male hosts under age 25 with primary education, 70 percent work in elementary occupations and 30 percent in crafts and related trades. Imagine taking

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 22 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). To uncover the main drivers of the observed gender based differences in multidimensional poverty at country level, we study the absolute contribution of the gender difference in each indicator to the overall household gender gap (see Figure 6), calculated as the difference between the censored headcount ratio for males versus females. We find that in Ethiopia, the gender gap that disadvantages female-headed households is mostly driven by the difference in financial insecurity measures (lack of legal ID and bank account) and health measures (early marriage, physical safety, and food insecurity), which is further reinforced by the differences in the living standard and education measures. Female-headed refugee households are more food insecure, live in unimproved housing, have lower access to electricity, are more likely to be married at an early age, and have lower access to legal identification and a bank account. In South Sudan, gender gap that disadvantages female-headed households is mainly explained by the differential in the financial insecurity and health measures, but cumulative gaps in the living standard and education indicators also contribute to the overall gap at the household level. Usage context: supporting mention, background mention, primary mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: displaced children and adolescents residing in host communities, rather than in refugee camps. Particularly, VenRePs-Kids collects data on 2, 556 households including 1, 338 Colombian and 918 Venezuelan households, respectively. The study collects rich and comprehensive data on children ’ s and adolescent ’ s development including anthropometric measures, vo- cabulary ability tests, and socio-emotional and mental health assessments. It also collects data on risk behaviors, time use, social integration measures, prosocial behaviors, and parents and caregivers sociodemographics, among other dimensions. 2 The study includes Colombian children and adolescents as the comparison group to high- light the developmental differences of Venezuelan forcibly displaced children. This choice stems from the fact that comparing Venezuelan children in Colombia with their counter- parts remaining in Venezuela is impractical due to the latter ’ s exposure to a severe eco- nomic and humanitarian crisis, marked by limited access to services and food. This envi- ronment severely hampers their potential for normal human development. Additionally, many Venezuelan children and adolescents have spent more of their lives in Colombia than in Venezuela. Therefore, Colombian children and adolescents serve as the most ap- propriate benchmark for assessing the developmental gaps of their Venezuelan peers. Usage context: background mention, primary mention, supporting mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratifi- cation reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analyzed. ” Afrobarometer provides geocoded data for 6 rounds, which correspond to the 1991 – 2016 period, with the information on an individual ’ s ethnicity available from round 3 (corresponding to 2005 – 2006). We therefore restrict our analysis to the 2005 – 2016 period. The selection of countries is driven by data availability. Among the 33 countries with available Afrobarometer data, we exclude Botswana, Cape Verde, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Sao Tome and Principe, South Africa, and Swaziland, for which no data is available on refugee camps or from the EPR-ER. We also exclude Sudan since the question on individual ethnicity is not asked in this country ’ s survey. Usage context: supporting mention, background mention, primary mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: However, there is no consensus or agreed best practices on the use of these methods in different contexts or stages of displacement (Brookings 2013). 92 The absence of data on new displacement may simply mean that no displacement has taken place (IDMC 2016). 93 IDMC reports that data, disaggregated by age and sex, were available for 15 of the 60 countries it monitored in 2014, however these data were not comprehensive and are not published. Additionally, in some countries there are data provided by IOM on IDP populations by location from which the urban or rural character of the population may be inferred (e. g. if the camp is located in the capital), but data are not comprehensive and not published. While the majority of humanitarian profile data does not typically cover IDPs living outside of camp or camp-like settings (the large majority of IDPs), IOM ’ s DTM in countries such as Nigeria, Iraq, Yemen and Libya do include information about those residing in host communities. Usage context: background mention, primary mention, supporting mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
In  recent years enrollment rates have increased sharply and are higher for girls than boys in Bangladesh's urban areas, according to UNICEF.

Female children are more likely to be enrolled than male children in primary  schools, a result in line with recent UNICEF findings.

The data for the Netherlands is taken from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM). [2] The data for Germany is from the Robert Koch Institute. [3] The data for Italy can be viewed via a live dashboard, [4] and the raw data is well organized and available on a github page. [5] The Spanish data was taken from this link. [6]

The COVID-19 data is taken from the RIVM. [8] The first data snapshot includes all confirmed
cases as of March 22 (a total of 4,004 with known residence out of 4,157 confirmed cases).

Dutch National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM)

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The LMP commits the project to applying the principle of equal pay for work of equal value and to prohibiting any deduction from wages without explicit written worker consent. Contractors are required to keep payroll records in a format compatible with SIGAF's payroll reporting template and to make these records available to the PIU's social development officer upon request. The PIU conducted unannounced payroll audits at three construction sites in the quarter and found that wage payment was consistent with LMP requirements at all three sites.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: as farm tools and water pumps, sewing and building equipment, and commercial cars. Outliers are treated, and values are adjusted for inflation. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Camp Hosts Camp Refugees Current Camp Refugees COB Other (rental income, PSNP, pension) Remittances (local/international) Donations (NGO/gov) Crops/livestock Salary (employment/casual labor) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Camps-Male-Headed Camps-Female-Headed Salary (employment/casual labor) Crops/livestock Donations(NGO/gov) Remittances (local/international) Other (rental income, PSNP, pension) Percent Percent Figure 3.20: Household primary income source Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Note: “COB” refers to livelihood strategies in their country of birth. a. Pre-post migration b. By gender of head Jobs and Livelihoods 34 arrive in Uganda with few assets, in a state of high poverty, and with similarly low employment rates. However, unlike Ethiopia, employment rates for refugees in Uganda improve over time, approximately doubling after five years or more (World Bank, 2023b). Uganda is also notable for providing work rights to refugees in practice (Ginn et al., 2022) (Box 3.3). 3.2 Labor market outcomes of OCP refugees and their hosts Refugee households in Addis Ababa rely heavily on remittances as their primary source of income. This reflects the fact that the Eritrean OCP refugees

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: months before their survey interview compared to any other group. Of the South Sudanese refugees and hosts that had health issues, 65 percent of refugees and 59 percent of hosts were ill due to malaria. Somali refugees and their hosts have the lowest share of illness (Annex D, Table D.3). Of the ill, most hosts and refugees received the necessary treatment in health institutions. However, in-camp refugees (91 percent) are more likely to get treatment than OCP refugees (71 percent). Refugees access medical services in health institutions located inside and outside of camps. Most in-camp refugees get medical assistance in health centers and health institutions implemented by RRS or NGOs within and outside camps. Refugees in Addis Ababa—who, due to their OCP, have to access healthcare without support from the international community—get medical services from private sources (58 percent) and government 25 Currently, there is only one refugee settlement site in Ethiopia: Alemwach in the Amhara region. 0 5 10 15 20 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees In camp Addis Ababa Total Percent Figure 2.15: Faced any health problem Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The SIGAF system's fixed assets module was used to register all project-procured equipment at point of delivery. Each item received a unique SIGAF asset code printed on a tamper-proof label, and asset records were updated to reflect depreciation annually using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. The SIGAF fixed assets register is reconciled against the physical inventory count conducted by the Ministry's internal auditors at the end of each fiscal year.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
 The survey results indicate that a significant
majority of youth in Northwest Syria, 92% **Which services are requiered by youth to**

**improve their situation?**

indicated that **youth require various services to**

**address their needs and aspirations** . The most
identified services required by youth include
improving **livelihoods and mental wellbeing** .

humanitarian aid. **Literacy** (23%) is also a
significant finding of this study that should be
easily address by humanitarian actors.

During the FDGs youth also mentioned:

**Do the Youth actively participate in Community-**

**Based Structures?**

**Which services are requiered by youth to**

**improve their situation?**

Funding for small projects

**84%**

Vocational Training

Group PSS

Literacy

Individual PSS

MHPSS

Sexual and Reproductive…

Cyber Security

 **Shared Commitment to Youth Empowerment** : Both male and female participants emphasized the critical
role of education, training, and job opportunities in fostering community engagement and societal growth.

**11**

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: In other settings, NGOs such as Rozan in Pakistan (Rashid, 2001), Profamilia in the Dominican Republic (Guedes et al., 2002), and the Musasa Project in Zimbabwe have trained law enforcement personnel on issues related to gender-based violence. Elsewhere, governments have collaborated with the United Nations to provide training and support for the police and judiciary. For example, ILANUD is a joint institute of the government of Costa Rica and the United Nations that works with governmental agencies throughout Latin America to improve the work of prosecutors, judges, lawyers, police and other professionals in criminal justice generally, and gender-based violence specifically (Villanueva, 1999; ILANUD, n. d.). Most of these initiatives have been evaluated using key informant interviews and pre and post questionnaires before and after training-if they have been evaluated at all. Nonetheless, training appears to be both constructive and urgently needed (Rashid, 2001; Villanueva, 1999). Other lessons learned include the finding that changing attitudes of law enforcement is a challenging, long-term process. The quality of the trainings ’ content and the skills of the trainer are essential. Training appears to be most effective when all levels of personnel (especially high-level officials) participate, and when training is backed up with changes throughout the institution, such as policies, procedures, adequate resources, and continual monitoring and evaluation. Special police stations or cells for crimes against women All-women police stations began in Brazil and were later tried in other countries in Latin America and Asia. As of 2003, for example, Nicaragua had 17 police stations for women and children (called

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
According to data collected by the GBV – Information Management System in South Sudan in 2016, approximately 98% of
reported GBV incidents affected women and girls. Half (51%) are survivors of intimate partner violence are women. A third of
women (33%) have experienced sexual violence from a non-partner, primarily during attacks or raids. Almost half (48%) of
girls between 15 and 19 are married ‘to reduce financial burdens’ or to secure much-needed assets for families, which result
in higher risks of early pregnancy, complex birth etc. The risk of child marriage remains constant due to conflict, the country’s
economic situation and harmful social norms. These figures do not disaggregate based on disability. There is also a lack of agedisaggregated data that might highlight certain types of GBV faced by older women - especially older women with disabilities.
Young and older women with and without disabilities face multiple and diverse forms of oppression and this increases their
risk of exposure to GBV and the barriers to accessing services.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The SEIS income module collects data on four income sources: formal wage employment, self-employment net earnings, transfers from households in the country of origin, and humanitarian cash assistance. Households reporting income from all four sources are rare (fewer than 3 percent of the SEIS sample), and the total household income variable is dominated by humanitarian cash assistance in the early post-displacement period. As the length of stay increases, the SEIS data show a gradual shift from cash assistance dependency toward self-employment income, consistent with the livelihood integration trajectory documented in the qualitative literature.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Produced by the Research Support Team Abstract The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Policy Research Working Paper 10044 Most refugee hosting communities are characterized by high levels of poverty with precarious livelihood conditions, low access to public services, and underdeveloped infrastructure. While the unexpected inflow of refugees might bring both constraints and opportunities for improving and maintaining local livelihoods in these communities, the understanding of these effects remains limited. Using a household level micro data set from a 2018 baseline survey of the Ethiopia Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project, this paper assesses the impact of refugee inflow on the livelihood strategies of host communities with respect to diversification and agricultural commercialization. Usage context: background mention, supporting mention, primary mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: refugee households living under OCP, 10 percent moved to Addis Ababa to access basic social services, such as education and health. Thus, some refugees from the above may receive medical services free of charge. Based on SESRE data, most OCP refugees (58 percent) rely primarily on private healthcare services, while 40 percent access healthcare through the national system (Annex D, Figure D.7). This can help explain why OCP refugees’ average annual per capita expenditure on health is almost twice that of hosts. In-camp refugees have access to healthcare through the international community, so their out-of-pocket spending on health is thus very low and much lower than hosts’ out-of-pocket health expenditures. The difference in per capita health expenditure is large between Eritrean and South Sudanese refugees and their hosts but low among Somali refugees and their hosts (Annex D, Figure D.12). Child Nutrition and Health Outcomes Child nutrition and health represent a significant challenge for both hosts and refugees. The nutritional status of children under age five is based on anthropometry measures; that is, stunting, underweight, and wasting. A child is identified as 26 Driven by Eritrean refugees in Alemwach camp who do not have a health facility inside the refugee

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
According to 2017 data from GSO, these 864 schools represent about 12 percent of all schools in coastal provinces (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, n.d.).

Data on power plants was sourced from the free and open Global Power Plant Database created and maintained by the World Resources Institute (WRI) (Global Energy Observatory et al. 2019).

A digital spatial representation of Vietnam's electricity transmission network in vector format was prepared by a team at the World Bank and is freely and openly available online (World Bank, 2017).

To approximate the economic impact of hazards on the tourism sector, macroeconomic estimates were
sourced from World Bank open data [4] and publications. National tourism GDP was obtained by applying
the contribution of tourism to GDP in 2017 (WTTC, 2018) to the national GDP in 2017 (World Bank, 2019).
The number of direct jobs in the tourism industry in 2017 are obtained from numbers published by the
World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC, 2018).

In the fisheries sector, aquaculture output in tons per province in 2017 was sourced from the General
Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO, 2019).

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: ES.6: Host response to “Refugees are good people” Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Executive Summary viii Continue implementation of progressive policies: ◆ Implement concrete actions to fulfill Government pledges and proclamations to move away from encampment toward mobility based on economic opportunities. ◆ Harmonize national and sub-national laws to support the full implementation of refugee protection. ◆ Coordinate efforts among stakeholders to track progress and share best practices. ◆ Redesign the out-of-camp policy (OCP) to encourage mobility to realize greater socioeconomic opportunities for refugees while accelerating and automating issuance of work authorizations to enable sustainable improvements in refugees’ lives. ◆ Address challenges in accessing business licenses for refugee self-employment, including access to finance. Improve cooperation and coordination ◆ Invest in and accelerate inclusive approaches to economic opportunities and self-reliance to support the GoE in implementing the Refugee Proclamation of 2019. ◆ Define better coordination and engage line ministries to achieve better outcomes for refugees and their hosts. ◆ Improve the coverage, accuracy, reliability, quality, and comparability of data to provide the analytical underpinning for policy decisions. Executive Summary 1 C onflict, political unrest, environmental disruption, and economic instability has forcibly displaced millions of people globally (Ferris, 2010;

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: in Ethiopia, as well as from host communities. The sample frame for the survey was derived from the list of all refugee camps, sites, and locations provided by UNHCR-Ethiopia as of January 2017, covering the four main regions that host refugees: Tigray, Afar, Gambella, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Somali. The SPS specifically excludes refugee households living out of camp, thereby making it representative of the refugee population residing in camps in Ethiopia. In contrast, SESRE, carried out in 2023, expanded its data collection to include out-of-camp refugees living in Addis Ababa. The SPS and SESRE both utilized stratified sampling designs but with different methodologies and definitions of the host households. The SPS employed a multi-stage stratified random sampling approach, dividing refugee camps into EAs of 150 by 150 meters using GIS technology. The number of EAs selected from each camp was proportional to the size of the camp, ensuring all camps in the sample frame were surveyed. In this way, all the camps in the sample frame were selected in the sample and were surveyed. For host households, areas within 5-kilometer radius of the camps were divided into EAs of 300 by 300 meters, with only residential EAs as per Open Street

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The respondent ’ s current location is iden- tiﬁed down to the centro poblado level, which roughly corresponds to an urban neighborhood or a rural town. Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO) is the Peruvian version of the Living Standards Measurement Survey, e. g. a nationally representative household survey collected monthly on a continuous basis. For our analysis, we use data from January 2007 to December 2020. The survey covers a wide variety of topics, including basic demographics, educational back- ground, labor market conditions, crime victimization, and a module on respondent ’ s percep- tions about the main problems in the country and trust on diﬀerent local and national level institutions. Observations are also spatially identiﬁed at the municipality level, but here we focus on variation in the Venezuelan share of the population at the province level, of which there are 196, as these are best representative of local labor markets. Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) is a opinion survey conducted bi-annually in all countries in Latin America and designed to be representative of urban populations. This was ﬁelded in Peru in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017 and 2019 and consists of about 2, 000 observations from mostly urban areas. The survey questions are centered around politics, 8 Usage context: background mention, supporting mention, primary mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Moreover, some refugees may not register because they are unaware that they should, and others may be reluctant to do so because they are skeptical of the integrity of the registration process (e. g. fair access to entitlements or opportunities for durable solutions) or lack confidence in protection measures. Individuals in irregular migration flows may also choose not to apply for asylum due to fear of declaring themselves to the authorities. A significant challenge with refugee registers is keeping them up to date. Individual registration can provide a robust snapshot of the stock of refugees and asylum-seekers, but registers need to be updated regularly to reflect flows, i. e. increases in refugee and asylum-seeker numbers (births, new arrivals) and decreases (deaths, departures, durable solutions). In situations of sudden mass influxes, existing registration capacity may not be adequate and the scope of registration data is then rationalized. 65 Additionally, it may not be possible to capture all demographic changes in the case of highly mobile populations. Usage context: primary mention, supporting mention, background mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
neighbouring countries disclose episodes of violence and cite the risk of conflict-related
sexual violence as one of the main reasons for flight. Accounts of combatants looting
civilians’ homes and deliberately targeting women and girls, as well as cases of harassment
at checkpoints, and of sexual violence and exploitation during their journeys to
neighbouring countries are emerging in Chad, Ethiopia, South Sudan and Egypt.

Within Sudan, the rising number of survivors have limited possibilities to approach service
providers and report incidents, given the lack of public health services, closure of many
facilities and the unavailability of specialised staff and health personnel, from both the
government and the humanitarian community sides. Consequently, there is considerable
delay in providing medical services to survivors, including clinical management of rape and
administration of PEP kits, with detrimental effects on possible HIV transmission and on
the rate of unwanted pregnancies.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Poverty remains widespread and social indicators are well below the average for Sub-Saharan Africa. Chad is ranked 173 among the 177 countries surveyed in the 2006 UNDP Human Development Report. The incidence of poverty (defined as the proportion of households with annual spending below what is necessary to meet minimal needs) is estimated at 55 percent according to a 2003 household survey; an estimated four-fifths of the population of about 8. 8 million is living on less than a dollar a day3. Of the population over 15 years old, more than 73 percent (and 76 percent of women) are illiterate. Access to potable water has improved over past years, but is still limited to one out of three people in 2005. Less than two percent of the population has access to electricity and only 1021 kilometers of roads has been paved on a surface area of over 1. 2 million square kilometers. As already mentioned, Chad has recently become oil producing country; however, the economy remains largely agricultural and pastoral. About 80 percent of the country ’ s population lives in rural areas and continue to make their living4 from agriculture and livestock. Cotton is the principal cash crop, employing about 300, 000 families.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
The second source is Giri et al. (2011), who use 1997 to 2000 Landsat data, together with supervised and unsupervised digital image classification, to construct a 30 square meter resolution map of the global distribution of mangrove.

4Nordhaus (2006) considers areas with elevation less than 8 meters as vulnerable to storm surge. We
use a less stringent definition because Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation estimates
below 10 meters are not considered reliable (McGranahan et al., 2007). We thank Eric Strobl for
providing us with GIS boundaries for global coastal lowlands constructed from STRM data.

7

<!-- PAGE 10 -->
shortest path to the coast. We find that there are 3,853 cells (49% of cells in storm surge

We measure local economic activity using remote sensing data on nightlights; potential hurricane de struction using a damage index derived from a wind field model calibrated for Central America; and mangrove protection by calculating the cumulative width of mangroves along the closest path to the coast.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023

- Adapt modalities of GBV services to address and response to needs of persons with disabilities and GBV actors know how
to access support services, for example for interpretation. Local OPDs, in particular women led OPDs, are trained in how
to safely identify and refer GBV survivors.

- Ensure that Child Safeguarding Policy training is systematically provided to as many humanitarian workers as possible especially those in close contact with children - and communities to ensuring that all humanitarian actions are properly
implemented to protect all children including children with disabilities from the increasing deliberate or unintentional acts
of abuse and exploitation registered in the last quarter.

- Ensure the meaningful participation of older women and persons with disabilities in awareness raising campaigns and
other community-based activities.

- Adopt strategies to prevent and address discrimination against older women and support the full inclusion of women from
all age groups in empowerment activities and interventions.

- Continue collection of GBV data that is age and disability disaggregated to ensure that data is inclusive of older women
with and without disabilities and use the data to inform responses.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: be imputed into the LFS, it may be unclear, ex-ante, if SUTPs are adequately included in the survey. Despite a small sample of foreigners and other concerns, there is evidence that the LFS sample does include some “ recent foreign ” migrants, especially in the border regions (NUTS2) [TRC1-Gaziantep, Adiyaman, Kilis, TRC2-Sanliurfa, Diyarbakir, TRC3-Mardin, Batman, Sirnak, Siirt TR63-Hatay, Kahramanmaras, Osmaniye] (Map 1).

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Figure 4: Refugees and Asylum-Seekers by Migratory Path 1951 – 2015 Source: UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database, UNHCR Global Trends 2015 Usage context: background mention, supporting mention, primary mention.

UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: This paper analyzes data from the initial wave of VenRePS-Kids, conducted from Oc- tober to December 2022, to outline key demographics and stylized facts about forcibly displaced children and adolescents. Initially, we examine the human development dis- parities of forcibly displaced Venezuelan children and adolescents in comparison to their Colombian counterparts. Our approach to human development is broad, covering physi- cal, cognitive, socio-emotional, and mental health aspects. Additionally, we complement our analysis by exploring differences in food security, social cohesion, and the economic status of parents. Although our analysis is descriptive, it represents a crucial initial step 2Venezuelan households are defined as those where both parents and their children have a Venezuelan nationality. Colombian households are composed of Colombian citizens only. 3 Usage context: supporting mention, primary mention, background mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
**awareness sessions (90%), community networks (53%) protection analysis (44%). The** main gap remains
on specific strategies to mitigate impacts on **the safety, evacuation routes and well-being** .
 According to the survey findings, a significant majority of respondents (77%) indicated **that there are**

**currently no organizations**, institutions, agencies, or entities offering tailored and specialized activities or
services specifically designed for youth in northwest Syria.

 79% of the respondents believe some groups within youth are facing **disproportionate impacts** :

Young parents, the only segment of this
population groups with some level of access to
services and programs, was not identified by
respondents as one of the groups at heightened
risk. The attribution of 15% to **young people**

**belonging to minorities** is relevant finding,
considering that, it is a high percentage for a
small group. **IDPs** as the second group exposed
to higher impact represents a need to better
understand the specificities of the risks faced by
them; also, relevant to see that adolescent men
seem to face increased risks than adolescent
women. Absence of data on the particularities
of these risks faced by both genders limits the
accuracy of the programmatic response.

Those that belong to minorities

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Page 7 of 51 In this sense, it is necessary to draw attention to the fact that the non-standard employment statistics presented below are not homogeneous among countries. In countries where both forms of non- standard employment were identified, we define non-standard employment as those occupations that satisfy at least one of the conditions, that is, either corresponds to a part-time occupation or a temporary job. In countries where temporary employment was not identified in the data, our non- standard employment category will coincide with part-time employment. Note that in either case, as other non-standard employment modalities are not identified, the indicators presented in this paper indicate a lower level with respect to the true dimension of the phenomenon. The only aspect addressed that required the use of additional information was the analysis linked to the profile of tasks that are developed in the framework of non-standard jobs. To carry out this analysis, the information available in the O * NET (Occupational Information Network) database was used in conjunction with the Household surveys. This database provides information referring to the content of tasks of the occupations. Usage context: primary mention, background mention, supporting mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
REGIONAL BUREAU OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

PROTECTION MONITORING DASHBOARD ON INCIDENTS IN DRC AND MOZAMBIQUE

As of 30 September 2022

MAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF REPORTED PROTECTION INCIDENTS PER

Province in Mozambique

(MOZ) covered by
protection monitoring

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
- Significant number of new IDPs (141,775 as of June 2017) due to the recurrent military clashes,
decrease of 25% compared to 2016;

- Increase number of refugee returnees as of June 2017 compared to the previous year due to
shrinking protection space in Pakistan and Iran;

- Increased trends in short term displacement due to the lack of humanitarian access, with
people often returning to their place of origin after the engagement has finished (ex. Situation
in Kunduz in 2016: 118,166 people were displaced from Kunduz in September-October, and
69,916 Kunduz IDPs that were displaced within the Northern and North-Eastern provinces
returned to their places of origin within several weeks – a month period);

- Pattern of secondary and multiple displacement in rural and urban centers (according to the
REACH study on prolonged displacement, some 23% IDPs were displaced twice or more [1] );

- Pattern of return in unsafe areas due to limited livelihood opportunities in urban centers and
the need to tend to crops [2] ;

- Pattern of local integration in urban center of protracted IDPs due to lack of security in area
of origin;

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: In a 2004 note to its Executive Com- mittee, UNHCR established the average at 17 years at the end of 2003 (Executive Committee of the High Commissioner ’ s Programme 2004). This number has been widely quoted by media, ac- tivists, humanitarian agencies, and development institutions (Milner 2014; United Nations 2016; UNHCR 2015). The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 1 gives some deﬁnitions and background information on the refugee population. In section 2, we provide some summary statistics from our main source of data, the UNHCR Population Statistics Database. Section 3 describes the method followed to construct duration statistics and presents a few stylized facts. The results of our anal- ysis are presented in section 4. Section 5 concludes. 1 Background: Deﬁnitions and Data Under the terms of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees – henceforth the Convention – later amended by the 1967 Protocol, a refugee is a person, who “ owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country. ” Data on refugees and asylum seekers are collected by individual countries, international orga- 3 Usage context: supporting mention, background mention, primary mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: In this sense, it is necessary to take into consideration that all indicators of prevalence of NSE and its profile will be limited to a subset of this kind of workers. 4. 1 Latin America and the Caribbean This section focuses on the Latin America and the Caribbean region, where a set of 9 countries, that we consider representing the different realities of the region in an exhaustive way, was analyzed. Specifically, the analysis was conducted for Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru, Dominican Republic and Uruguay. 5O * NET is the successor of DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) which is no longer updated. O * NET was launched in 1998 on the basis of the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics codes. In 2003, it was changed to SOC which implies that the consistent measures of task content are calculated from 2003. Usage context: background mention, primary mention, supporting mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Border crossings The registration of people crossing internationals borders is conducted in many countries, and in some cases these data are used to estimate migration flows. Identifying refugees among people crossing borders is a significant challenge, particularly if individuals decide not to apply for asylum or refugee status (UNSD 2014). Additional problems associated with the collection of data on border crossings include: (a) difficulties distinguishing migrants from other people crossing a border, such as tourists, commuters, traders and truck drivers; (b) lack of capacity of many border posts and officials to handle large migration flows; (c) less scrutiny and diligence of emigration flows compared with immigration flow; and (d) lack of tight controls at most borders and the high incidence of undocumented or irregular crossings (UNSD 2014). Administrative records and registers Many countries have administrative records or registers of immigrants that could generate statistics on asylum-seekers and refugees. In particular, data on residence permits issued to refugees or asylum- seekers could be used to generate statistics on both flows and stocks of refugees. 79 For example, Eurostat collects and disseminates data on residence permits granted to those with refugee status and subsidiary protection (UNSD 2014). Usage context: background mention, supporting mention, primary mention.

data on residence permits granted to those with refugee status and subsidiary protection

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: It is diﬃcult to draw causal inference from observational data. This study is no exception. The results presented here are nevertheless suﬃciently suggestive to cast doubt on the theory that the choice of migration destination is driven primarily by income diﬀerentials. Other factors seem to play a strong — and probably more important — role. References 1. Adams, Richard, Remittances, Investment, and Rural Asset Accumulation in Pakistan, 30 Usage context: supporting mention, background mention, primary mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 9 Bank Account No member has a bank or mobile money account. 1 / 12 Many of the indicators align with goals identified in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, such as no hunger, good health, access to quality education, clean water and sanitation, and decent work, as well as indicators that are especially relevant for displaced people, such as possession of legal identification, physical safety, and food security. The focus on gendered dynamics justifies health indicators related to pregnancy care, combining information on prenatal care, assisted delivery, and early marriage. A full discussion of the MPI ’ s indicator selection can be found in Admasu et al. (2021). We focus on six of these 15 indicators that use individual-level data – viz years of schooling, school attendance, pregnancy care, early marriage, legal identification, and unemployment. Our intrahousehold analysis drops the two health indicators due to data limitations; the question about age at marriage was only asked to the household head in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and South Sudan, whereas in Somalia and Sudan, it was applied to more members than the head.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The LFS employment module follows ILO definitions: a person is classified as employed if they performed at least one hour of paid or unpaid work during the reference week, or if they were temporarily absent from their regular job. The LFS therefore captures both formal wage employment and informal self-employment in subsistence agriculture, a distinction that is important for understanding the full scope of labor market adjustment to the economic shocks we study. The LFS does not collect wage information for self-employed individuals, which limits our ability to estimate wage effects for that subgroup.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: challenge in some cases, notably among South Sudanese, refugees generally believe they are culturally similar to their hosts. This rate averages 78 percent for all refugees. It is lowest in South Sudanese camps at 68 percent and highest in Somali camps at 87 percent. Many of these refugees who say they are culturally similar to their hosts respond that they have no Ethiopian friends and that social interactions with Ethiopians are complex. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis Ababa All Refugees Figure 7.16: Share of refugees who agree they are “culturally similar to hosts” Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Age Under 30 Age 30-44 Age 45-64 Age Over 64 Female Male Figure 7.18: Share or refugees engaged in a community representative body by demographic group Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis Ababa All Refugees Figure 7.17: Share or refugees involved in a community representative body Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Markets and Opportunities 71 Low refugee social integration is not

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Africa. The Afro Barometer Working Papers No. 200. Woldehanna, T., Hoddinott, J., and Dercon, S. (2008). Poverty and Inequality in Ethiopia:1995/96 – 2004/05. May. World Bank (2017). Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts. Washington, D.C: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0938-5. World Bank. (2019). Informing the Refugee Policy Response in Uganda. Results from the Uganda Refugee and Host Communities 2018 Household Survey. World Bank. (2019b). Better Opportunities for All: Vietnam Poverty and Shared Prosperity Update Report. Washington DC: World Bank Group. World Bank (2020). Ethiopia Regional Poverty Report: Promoting Equitable Growth for All Regions. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. World Bank (2020b). Ethiopia Poverty Assessment: Harnessing Continued Growth for Accelerated Poverty Reduction. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. World Bank (2023). World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies. Washington, D.C: World Bank Group. https://doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1941-4 World Bank. (2023a). Social Cohesion and Forced Displacement: A Synthesis of New Research. World Bank. (2023b). Welfare in Forcibly Displaced Populations: From Measuring Outcomes to Building Capabilities. Leveraging Harmonized Data to Improve Welfare among Forcibly Displaced Populations and their Hosts: A Technical Brief Series. World Bank. (2023c). Do Legal Restrictions Affect Refugees’ Labor Market and Education Outcomes? Evidence from Harmonized Data

Uganda Refugee and Host Communities 2018 Household Survey

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 Annexes 114 The regression specification used is: where is the vector of control variables that include demographic characteristics (sex of household head, age of household head, family size, years of schooling completed by the head), assets and wealth (mobile phone ownership, livestock ownership in tropical livestock units, land ownership, bank account, non-farm business ownership, electricity access), employment (share of employed members), resource and market access (market accessibility and proximity to resource hubs), and shocks (health, market, employment, drought, political). The regression also controls for survey domain and survey time (month) fixed effects to account for the effects of location and time on welfare. Table D.13: Determinants of welfare for in-camp refugees (1) In-camp refugees Head years since refugee status (from 2022) 0.00 (0.00) Head wants to go back to own/parents 0.02 (0.03) Ration change -0.43*** (0.10) Head: has any relative in own/parents’ COB 0.05 (0.04) HH received humanitarian food aid in past 12 months -0.00 (0.04) Distance to woreda capital (log) -0.10*** (0.01) Distance to border (log) -0.03 (0.02) Medium market accessibility -0.02 (0.06) High market accessibility 0.29*** (0.05) Constant 11.10*** (0.34) Survey domain Yes Survey time Yes Observations 1,266 Source:

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: to the Venezuelan migratory crisis, whereas the VenRepPS survey was conducted during the pandemic in 2020. These temporal inconsistencies result in varying sample composi- tions across surveys, diverging from the landscape we observe in 2022. Notably, forced migrants in the VenReps Kids survey migrated during the crisis but have since remained in the country for several years, potentially leading to disparities in household integration outcomes. IV GENERAL DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS IV. A Key characteristics of adults Table 2 provides descriptive statistics for the adults in our study, encompassing the pri- mary caregiver, mother and father (if residing with the child), and the individual finan- cially responsible for the child (should they be different from the aforementioned per- sons). Typically, the roles of primary caregiver and financial provider are fulfilled by either the mother or the father. The table is organized into three panels for clarity: Panel A details key individual characteristics, Panel B outlines adults ’ access to services, and Panel C focuses on labor market characteristics. Within the table, columns (1) and (2) present average values for adults from Colombia and Venezuela, respectively, while the final column displays the results of mean difference tests between these two groups, with standard errors noted in brackets. Usage context: primary mention, supporting mention, background mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Overall, 27 % of the transitions that occurred had an imputed month. Two things to keep in mind when considering this table. This does not show all the respondents-time periods in our sample (8, 240 observations). Since imputation will only occur when there is a transition in or out of a job, we are only including in the table those transitions and not all the periods where the individual is staying in a certain job. The total number of transitions is 726 which is less than the total number of individuals in the sample. That is because for some individuals all transitions occur prior to 2016 so they are not captured in our synthetic panel. Table 2 Transitions in and out of jobs by half, nationality, camp residency and imputation status of the month where the transition occurred Half Jordanian Syrian camp = 0 camp = 1 Usage context: primary mention, supporting mention, background mention.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: prior to the pandemic, a period characterized by less distinct time trends in the labor market. Since the focus of the paper is on the impact of COVID on labor market stock and dynamics, we also restrict the sample of interest to include only prime-aged working adults (aged 20 to 59). The dataset contains standard variables expected of a labor force survey, including those denoting employment, unemployment, and inactivity. It also contains information on the intensive margin of the labor supply, including hours worked and full-time and part-time status. Information on employment sector, industry, contract status, health insurance coverage, and mode of work (distinguishing between employees and self-employed, for example) is also available, allowing us to construct indicators of formality and to differentiate different modes of employment. Information on occupation is also available, but only at the level of 2-digit ISCO-08 classification. This information is enough to distinguish between white- and blue-collar occupations but it is not enough to observe additional relevant pandemic-related job characteristics such as the degree of contact with the public. 3. 2 Descriptive statistics Figure (1) tracks the evolution of labor market stocks in the West Bank and Gaza respectively over time.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: recently introduced the first version of their Global Internal Displacement Database (GIDD) that allows users to explore, filter and sort IDMC ’ s data to produce graphs and tables, and export underlying data. 102 Such platforms need to incorporate safeguards to protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals ’ data. UNHCR and Statistics Norway are currently leading an initiative to improve forced displacement statistics with the participation of national statistical agencies. This process began with the presentation of the “ Report on Statistics on Refugees and IDPs ” at the 46th session of the UN Statistical Commission in March 2015, 103 followed by an international conference in Turkey in October 2015. 104 The conference set in motion a process for national statistical agencies to collaborate to develop a set of recommendations that both countries and international organizations can use to improve data collection, reporting, data disaggregation, and overall quality, including the preparation of International Recommendations for Refugee Statistics (IRRS). Progress on this agenda was discussed at the 47th session of UNSD held in New York in March 2016, where it was recommended that the expert group should also include IDPs in its scope of work (UNSD 2016). 105 The current initiative is focused on refugees, asylum-seekers and IDPs but would ideally be extended to host communities and returnees.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Consequently, they may fear detection by authorities when asked to respond to surveys or participate in public initiatives. 1 Furthermore, collective repre- sentative and longitudinal data on forcibly displaced migrants, a population with high mobility rates, is difficult and costly (Ib ´ a ˜ nez et al. 2024). This complexity is compounded when focusing on children and adolescents, given the need for enumerators to receive specific training to interact with such a vulnerable demographic and for migrant parents to authorize their children ’ s involvement despite prevailing distrust issues. To address this knowledge gap, we launched the Venezuelan Refugee Panel Study for Kids (VenRePs-Kids) in Medell ´ ın, Colombia. VenRePs-Kids is a longitudinal study repre- sentative of forcibly displaced Venezuelan and Colombian children and adolescents aged 5 to 17. To our knowledge, it is the first study to gather panel data specifically on forcibly 1This concern is also prevalent among undocumented migrants in the United States, as highlighted by Amuedo-Dorantes and Lopez (2015). 2 Usage context: supporting mention, primary mention, background mention.

VenRePs-Kids
Venezuelan Refugee Panel Study for Kids

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input:
**Statistical Note: Clustering in DHS-Based Analyses**

In all regression tables, _t_-statistics are computed using standard errors clustered at the DHS cluster level. This clustering is essential because: (a) the DHS sampling design introduces within-cluster homogeneity that violates the assumption of independent errors; and (b) our treatment variable — mine proximity — is constant within a DHS cluster, so ignoring within-cluster correlation would produce artificially small standard errors. The effective sample size after clustering is substantially smaller than the nominal number of DHS interviews.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 26 value of consumption flow of durable goods. 22 While monetary poverty can measure temporal resource holdings, multidimensional poverty, as a more comprehensive measure, includes chronic and exacerbating sources of poverty. This difference explains the existence of mismatches between individuals identified as monetary versus MPI poor, which are often more prominent in poorer countries (Evans et al 2020). This section examines these differences in the contexts of displacement. Table 9. Percentage of the sample in each poverty category: Rows sum to 100 % Non-poor by both measures Only Monetary Poor Only Multidimensional Poor Monetary and multidimensional poor Ethiopia 38 % 23 % 12 % 27 % N. E Nigeria 13 % 69 % 4 % 15 % Somalia 20 % 32 % 14 % 34 % Sudan 33 % 47 % 4 % 17 % Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). This table presents the distribution of households in each of the categories in the columns. Thus, each row adds up to 100 %. South Sudan is excluded from this analysis as monetary data is not available for the country.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Staff based on SESRE 2023. Most of the analysis presented in this chapter is based on detailed consumption data from the Socioeconomic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia (SESRE) conducted between October 2022 and February 2023. All consumption of food and non-food items is included, regardless of whether these items are purchased on the market, come from own production, or received as gifts. For own-consumption and gifts, the quantities consumed are valued at prevailing prices in the enumeration area. Although consumption is expressed annually, the reference period used during data collection varies based on the nature of the items. For example, questions related to information on food and food-related items was asked by visiting households twice a week using the “last three days” and “last four days” as reference periods. For house rent, durable goods, clothing, health and education expenditures, and some other categories, the survey questions used the “last three months” and “last 12 months” as references. Imputed rent for owner-occupied houses is calculated by the Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS) team and is included in the consumption expenditure data shared with the Bank team. Spatial and temporal price deflators adjust for price variations across time and space. First, nominal consumption

Socioeconomic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 12 employment status and education level also significant at 10 %. Marital status and education are important predictors of attrition. As we might expect, these imbalances suggest some threats that, if left uncorrected, could undermine the parallel trends assumption of difference-in-difference estimators. That said, we see no sign of differences between treatment and control, or attritors and non-attritors, over the key GRIT personality features. This suggests that members of the treatment group are not, for example, more motivated to succeed than members of the control group. To account for these biases, we generate a series of inverse probability weights to balance the data. These weights define the probability of an individual with particular characteristics (e. g. host or refugee status) being in each of the treatment and control groups at baseline and endline and are used to rebalance the data in order to closer support the parallel trends assumption. Results are shown in Column 3 of Table 4. Following weighting, data balances on all key factors, including nationality. This suggests that the parallel trends assumption is more reasonable under the weighted dataset than in the raw treatment / control data. 11 Based on these analyses, we conclude that it is safe to use weighted OLS-based approaches.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The GIS-based beneficiary targeting map was reviewed during the midterm assessment to verify that the communities selected for Component 2 infrastructure investments remained those with the highest unmet need. Updated displacement figures from UNHCR and poverty scores from the Ministry of Social Welfare were overlaid in the GIS to check whether the original targeting ranks had shifted. The GIS reanalysis confirmed that 41 of the original 47 target communities remained in the highest-need tertile; the six communities that fell below the threshold were replaced through a targeted consultation process.

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A data mention (a data-bearing mention) is text that talks about or is referenced as data. Specifically, a general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source