Input: EA were randomly sampled. As table 1 illustrates, 5,530 of the sample households were involved in agricultural activities. Of these, about 31%, or 1,728 with 5,448 parcels, are mixed owner/occupants who operated at least one parcel under full ownership and one under usufruct. This sub-sample forms the basis for our analysis. Descriptive statistics point towards a number of interesting features. First, cultivation of land that is only occupied rather than owned is widespread; only some 49% of cultivators are pure owners, 20% cultivate only occupied land, and about 31% are owner-cum-occupants who cultivate owned and occupied land simultaneously. Second, although per capita expenditure by those in agriculture is, with about 19 12 To check whether this introduces any non-randomness, we compare total asset endowments and their composition, monthly consumption expenditure, and basic demographic characteristics between households who are included and those who have at least some parcels dropped. And find no significant differences in either of them. 13 Information on crop output was collected at the crop level, separately for the two main agricultural seasons (July - December 2004 and January - June 2005). A diary was used for continuously harvested crops and prices, in addition to standard socio-economic information,

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa, together with the Child Protection Unit at HQ, organised a series of regional webinars for UNHCR staff on increasing the quality of alternative care and responding to the needs of newly separated children in the region, in addition to engaging community volunteers in the development of Best Interests Procedures. The Refugee Child Protection Online Community of Practice has been updated by the Child Protection Unit at HQ to provide COVID-19 related news, guidance, tools and other information. The Community of Practice encourages child protection workers and managers to contribute questions, recommendations, field practices, and guidance so that, collaboratively, continually improving child protection responses during the COVID-19 pandemic can be shaped and better outcomes achieved. With global partners, and support from the Swiss Government, UNHCR’s Child Protection Unit developed a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) on adapting child protection case management during the pandemic. Targeting frontline workers, the six-week course provides practical guidance and peer exchange on key approaches to responding to the protection needs of individual children at risk. As of mid-July, over 7,000 individuals were registered to participate in the course. UNHCR also provided input into the Alliance for Child

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: the importance of: (i) investing in often underserved host communities to strengthen social cohesion; (ii) communicating project benefits and managing misinformation; and (iii) mitigating the risks of traditional livelihood activities, due to their long production cycles and exposure to externalities, such as climate change. The project will also build on lessons from **the Integrated Cash Transfer and Human Capital Project (PITCH)** (P166220), implemented in Djibouti from 2018 to 2023, which: (i) established the foundations of a social registry (SR), addressing challenges like data accuracy and inclusion errors; (ii) demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating cash transfers with social behavior change communication (SBCC) and community-based measures to enhance outcomes in nutrition, child health, and education; and (iii) highlighted the success of training advising mothers in improving behaviors such as exclusive breastfeeding and health service utilization. The PITCH further demonstrated Djibouti’s capacity to implement small community-driven infrastructures while revealing communities' need for larger and more sustainable infrastructure. The project will also learn from other operations currently under implementation, which are implementing in underserved and refugee-hosting areas, including: (i) Skills for Development (P175483), which seeks to improve the employability and employment outcomes of technical and vocational education and training graduates, as well as (ii)

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: systems, covering at least 11,200 hectares of land. 21 The AI Model was produced under the Enhancing Self-Reliance and Preparedness for Forced Displacement in the Great Lakes Region Advisory Services and Analytics (P500793). Data and analysis from the model, if rendered live, could also be used to support monitoring, evaluation, and analysis of change in public service pressure, forestry cover, poverty, and other social, economic and environmental issues. Page 9

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Regional and Global Vulnerability of Coastal Zones to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise (DINAS-Coast) project. In particular: _Country boundaries and regions and coastlines_ . Country coastlines were extracted from the World Vector Shoreline, a standard National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (formerly Defense Mapping Agency) product at a nominal scale of 1:250,000. World Bank (2010) information is used in the regional classifications and boundaries. In addition, Exclusive Economic Zone data from VLIZ (2011) identifies the maritime boundaries. _Elevation._ For elevation, all coastal tiles of 90m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, which are 5 geographic degrees latitude and longitude (approximately 500 kilometers by 500 kilometers), were downloaded from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/. _Wetlands._ Data on wetlands were extracted from all wetlands Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-3) produced by the Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), 6

90m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)

Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-3)

Exclusive Economic Zone data from VLIZ (2011)

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT savings and timely repayments, contributing to the growth of the revolving fund. Savings of up to US$1.20 per month per beneficiary are expected to be mobilized throughout the project's six-year lifespan, bringing the PCM to US$10 million. The same sub-component is also verified as Private Capital Enabling. It will strengthen Producer Organizations (POs) and establish Cluster Value Chain Facilities. It is expected to increase access to formal finance for project-supported institutions, including POs, Common Interest Groups (CIGs), and Village Revolving Funds (VRFs). This is captured under a non-monetary results indicator (Project-supported institutions that access formal finance (number)), which measures the capacity of group-based enterprises to engage with formal financial institutions. 11. **Uganda remains eligible to access financing from the IDA WHR** . The World Bank, following consultations with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), has determined that Uganda’s refugee protection framework remains adequate for the purposes of the WHR. The Refugees Act Cap 312 and the 2010 Refugee Regulations provide a strong legal and regulatory framework for refugee rights. However, UNHCR protection assessments have raised concerns that will need to be addressed

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: exposure of wetlands to a 1 m SLR. Low elevation wetlands are within the Low Elevation Coastal Zone [17] . For the area calculation, grids representing cell areas in square kilometers at different resolutions were created, using the length of a degree of latitude and longitude at the cell center. [18] According to the GLWD-3 and the DTM, 76 countries and territories in five World Bank regions have coastal wetlands which are currently at 1 m from sea level. In the DIVA database, wetlands are not located within the most extreme responses: WMP1 or WMP5. If wetlands can migrate (WMP category 2), then they may survive in their current location to the extent that natural migration or wetland accretion keeps pace with sea-level rise (Titus, 1988). Wetlands in WMP category 3 cannot migrate, and the human resources 17 Coastal zone with elevation derived from SRTM which is 10 or less meters above sea level. 18 Latitude and longitude were specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 1984). 9

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: (2024). _Rwanda Finscope 2024_ . 38 https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/home 39 Republic of Rwanda (2024) _Labour Force Survey Q3 2024_ : file:///C:/Users/wb236615/Downloads/LFS%202024~Q3.pdf 40 In Rwanda, men on average carry out 12.8 hours of productive work and 11.6 hours of household work, for a total of 24.4 hours a week. Women, in contrast, carry out an average of 14.9 hours of productive work and 29.6 hours of household work per week, for a total of 44.5 hours a week. USAID/VOICE. Gender Analysis, 2015. Page 19

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: former refugees in Zambia.** **[10]** The majority of refugees and asylum seekers originate from the Democratic Republic of Congo; other significant refugee populations are from Burundi, Somalia, Angola, and Rwanda. Zambia continues to receive new arrivals of refugees and asylum seekers—approximately 600–800 refugees arrive each month from the South Kivu, Haut-Katanga, and Tanganyika provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Women and children make up 58 percent of refugees, while 3 percent are elderly and persons living with disabilities. 8. **Former refugees are people who escaped civil war in Angola and Rwanda in the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi** **who have lived in Zambia for several decades** . Their refugee status has ceased, making them effectively stateless and facing multiple barriers to accessing livelihood opportunities and services. The requirement to have national identification or residence documents has been an impediment for many former refugees. Many former Rwandan refugees fear returning to their home country while application fees for passports are unaffordable for many. The GRZ has offered to integrate former Angolan refugees who arrived between 1966 and 1986. However, most of those who arrived after 1986 do not have any form of identification. The risk of statelessness extends to children

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Integrated Community Resilience Project (P506969) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT **I.** **STRATEGIC CONTEXT** **A. Project Strategic Context** 1. **Djibouti, a small country of 23,200 square kilometers with a population of approximately 1 million,** **faces** **significant poverty challenges, particularly in rural areas, where 27.2 percent of the population resides** . Strategically located at the southern entrance to the Red Sea, it acts as a bridge between Africa and the Middle East and hosts multiple foreign military bases supporting global anti-piracy. However, recent geopolitical tensions have reduced commercial ship traffic, leading to increased food prices and reduced availability of essential goods, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable. These challenges are compounded by limited economic diversification, scarce arable land and low annual rainfall, which result in heavy reliance on imports for basic needs like water and food [1] . As a result, the economy remains highly vulnerable to external shocks, including market downturns. Additionally, climate change exacerbates existing pressures, with rising temperatures and erratic rainfall further straining local resources and food security. 2. **These economic and climate constraints contribute to persistently high levels of inequality and social** **vulnerability** . Using the World Bank poverty line for Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) of US$3.65 a

World Bank poverty line for Low Middle-Income Countries

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: not reached. In addition, 77% of the funding requirement MA interventions is not met. - There is also a **lack of human resources dedicated to coordination at national and regional** **level, prevention, and assistance to victims** . The MA Sub-Cluster has not been functional since the withdrawal of UNMAS in early November 2022, despite joint coordination efforts between CNCCAI and MA actors including Mines Advisory Group (MAG) and Humanity and Inclusion (HI) 8 Dashboard des réalisations de protection, cluster Protection, Avril 2023

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: risk will primarily involve moderate-to-** **intermediate scale for the construction and/or rehabilitation of socio-economic infrastructure, a limited number of** **consultants for technical assistance, and some goods.** MASS and ADDS have prepared a dedicated Project Procurement Strategy for Development (PPSD) and a procurement plan detailing procurement-related activities. Both agencies have prior experience with World Bank financing handling procurement, though at varying scale. However, there have been recurrent delays in procurement processing and reporting for both agencies, leading to the assessment of procurement risk at this stage as substantial. To mitigate this risk, the procurement officers of each agency will receive close follow-up and support from the World Bank to ensure appropriate procurement planning and implementation. Page 24

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: of Infrastructure, etc.). The PSC will sign off on the Annual Work Plan and Budget (AWPB) and ensure consistency with national standards and policies across the different sectors, including the upcoming GoR Refugee Graduation Strategy. Complementing the PSC will be a Project Technical Committee, which comprises the same agencies as the PSC, but with technical level staff. The PTC will meet prior to PSC meetings to review progress reports and AWPBs in detail. **Figure 1: Implementation Arrangements** Page 14

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Economics of Disasters and Climate Change Exposure to flooding was again evaluated using flood extent (we also evaluate flood depth, for full results, see online supplementary materials). We examine the flood extent both for all urban areas (the whole HCMC province) and for those areas defined as potential slums (from the PUMA data set) to examine how exposure to floods is different in slum areas. Again we use a number of events, from the case of regular flooding (10-year event) to more extreme flooding events (1000-year event). Moreover, we examine how this exposure changes due to climate change (proxied by sea level rise changes), by running the analysis with flood hazard maps taking into account a 30 cm sea level rise. In each district and across the whole city, we examine the percentage of area within each of the two categories (all urban areas, and potential slum areas) that is exposed to floods and the percentage which is not exposed to floods. We then compare these values across the two categories. Results National-Level Analysis for Poverty and Exposure to Floods Flood Exposure (with and without Climate Change) For the entire country of Vietnam, at the district level, we estimate the

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Refugees (UNHCR), has determined that Uganda’s refugee protection framework remains adequate for the purposes of the WHR. The Refugees Act Cap 312 and the 2010 Refugee Regulations provide a strong legal and regulatory framework for refugee rights. However, UNHCR protection assessments have raised concerns that will need to be addressed through humanitarian and development financing, including poor water and sanitation conditions, social service deficits, cuts to food rations, and a reduction in activities promoting self-reliance. **II.** **PROJECT DESCRIPTION** **A. Project Development Objective** 12. To improve access to basic social and economic services, expand economic opportunities and enhance environmental management for host communities and refugees in the target areas. **B. Theory of Change and PDO Indicators** 13. The Project Development Objective (PDO) indicators are: - Displaced people and people in host communities provided with improved access to services (number, of which refugees, host community members, and women (percentage)) (corporate scorecard indicator); - Households benefiting from activities and actions that expand and enable economic activity (number, of which refugees, host community members, and women (percentage)); and - People benefitting from enhanced resilience of terrestrial and aquatic systems (number, of which refugees, host community members, women, and youth (number)) (corporate scorecard indicator). **Theory

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: of these analyses present estimates of the economic values, which may be associated to these lost wetland areas around the world. The valuation studies by Tol (2007) and Anthoff et al. (2010) are also based on wetland losses derived from the Global Vulnerability Analysis (Hoozemans et al. 1993). Wetland value is assumed to be logistic in per capita income, with a correction for wetland scarcity, and a cap in these studies and the rate of pure time preference is assumed to be 1%. For a 1m SLR by 2100, Tol (2007) estimated annual costs of wetland loss as a percentage of GDP, per country and Anthoff et al (2010) assessed the net present value of global coastal wetland damage costs for the period 2005-2100 with dikes to protect against SLR can be as high as USD 160 billion. [ 25] Due to uneven coverage of the wetland stock and different assumptions of coastal protection, comparison of the prior research with our estimates proved to be difficult. ##### **Conclusion** Coastal wetlands will decline with rising sea level. In this paper, we have quantified the vulnerable freshwater marsh, swamp forest, GLWD Coastal Wetlands, and brackish/saline wetlands taking into account the exposure of

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Full results are presented in Table 3. But these national results on exposure are not evenly be distributed across the country. The spatial analysis also allows us to examine which districts have the highest absolute and the highest relative exposure. We present results for the 25-year flood, for a historical and a high 6 Results presented are similar to a previous study analyzing the exposure to a 100-year return period flood without climate change impacts, which finds 40 million people to be exposed to that event (Jongman et al. 2014). While we had planned to compare our simulated results with national statistics, these statistics were unavailable at the time of analysis. However, we consulted our findings with individuals familiar with the Vietnam context who ended to agree that the numbers were in the range of plausible estimates.

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: In order to improve the situation, ideally information on (i) high spatial resolution of the coastal zone elevation, (ii) high spatial resolution of wetlands, (iii) clear delineation of current wetlands and (iv) location specific information on the wetland migratory potential are necessary. High spatial resolution of the coastal zone elevation will refine the estimates of exposed area to SLR. High spatial resolution wetlands information would allow a more accurate correspondence between the exposed area of SLR and wetland area. Precise delineation of wetlands is generally difficult from remotely sensed data and land cover data. Remotely sensed data measure the vegetation, but may not account for the soil type and the wetland plants may not be easily distinguished by remote sensing. Land cover products are often produced from composite imagery over a time period, so the frequency of the data or the smoothing of multiple observations may make the wetland delineation difficult. In addition, location specific information on the Wetland Migratory Potential would add accuracy to the areas where wetlands can migrate (e.g. excluding human altered landscapes such as urban areas). ###### **III.3 Economic losses** As indicated earlier, wetlands provide a flow of goods and services, which contribute to the welfare

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: (5) Total annual regionally adjusted household expenditure (local currency, regionally deflated). (6) Total food expenditure (nondeflated). (7) Total housing expenditure (nondeflated). (8) Total health and education expenditure (nondeflated). (9) Total household energy expenditure (gas and electricity) (nondeflated). *** p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1. All regressions control for year and district fixed effects, urban dummy, age, and years of education. **7. Robustness for district-level estimations** **7.2 Using production levels** We continue by exploring the effects of mining intensity as proxied by district-level production volumes. The estimation will be similar to equation (2), but we replace the indicator variable for being an active mining district with annual gold production in the district: Y��� - β�gold_production�� - ∝�� g� �λX�� �ε��� �4� The measure of gold production is in 10 tons of gold produced, and gold_production�� is either _gold_year_district_, which equals the total production of all mines in a district in the different survey years, or _gold_period_district_, which equals total production for the years before the survey. For the 1993 survey, the period is 1990–93, for 1998 it is 1994–98, and so on. Using production levels instead of an indicator of having any production in the district has the advantage of capturing the intensity of

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: by the recipient (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), will be consistent with the requirements set out in paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 d. as appropriate. 13. **Publication (advertising).** The recipient is required to prepare and submit to the World Bank a General Procurement Notice. The World Bank will arrange for its publication in the United Nations Development Business online (UNDB online) and on the World Bank’s external website. Specific Procurement Notices for all procurement under international competitive procedures and requests for expressions of interest for all consulting services, estimated equivalent to US$300,000 and above, will be published in UNDB online and on the World Bank’s external website and at least one newspaper of national circulation in the recipient’s country or in the official gazette or on a widely used website or electronic portal with free national and international access. 14. **Procurement implementation arrangements.** The project does not foresee complex procurement activities. The hands-on experience gained under Government funded project will pave the way for improvements in organizing and performing the procurement functions more professionally to achieve the PDO. MoHAIS will delegate financial and Page 41

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: wetlands and GLWD Coastal Wetlands of SA amount to 900 and 840 square kilometers respectively. GLWD coastal wetlands Brackish / saline wetlands Square kilometers Square kilometers 10000 1969 SubSaharan Africa 938 Latin America & the Caribbean 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1278 SubSaharan Africa Square kilometers 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 0 East Asia & the Pacific 691 Latin America & the Caribbean East Asia & the Pacific Freshwater marsh 10085 2217 4 7159 Middle East & North Africa 862 SubSaharan Africa 847 South Asia 12402 East Asia & the Pacific 2619 Middle East & North Africa 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 903 South Asia South Asia Middle East & North Africa 2908 Latin America & the Caribbean 2000 0 **Figure 1. Lost wetlands by types of wetlands and regions, for a 1m SLR** Freshwater marsh GLWD coastal wetlands Brackish / saline wetlands East Asia & the Pacific South Asia Middle East & North Africa Latin America & the Caribbean South Asia Middle East & North Africa Latin America & the Caribbean East Asia & the Pacific South Asia Middle East & North Africa Latin America & the Caribbean **Figure 2. Distribution of lost wetlands by types of wetlands across

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: in Africa. The probability of adoption of irrigation increases in regions with lower temperatures (for example Egypt and South Africa), while it decreases in warmer regions. Irrigation in cooler regions is more profitable because it requires less water and the crops are more productive. Similarly, in regions of higher precipitation or available flow, the probability of adopting irrigation decreases. Irrigation is less profitable in wetter locations because the fixed cost of irrigation remains the same but the net increment to production declines. In the probit model, we controlled for water flow by including the log transformation of a long run average (30 years) of estimated mean flow. The coefficient on this variable is positive and significant. In the selection model, we also controlled for soils. The soil variables reflect the proportion of a district with a particular soil type. The inclusion of certain soils specific to a particular region or district results in the model not being full rank (thereby making the interpretation of the statistical significance of the coefficients unreliable). As a result, we included only those soils that are jointly significant for both irrigated and dryland farms. We then turned to estimating the second stage model of net

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: agricultural extension officers from MoA. (b) **Co-investments in subprojects.** While all eligible farmers and cooperatives will receive TA, only a subset will receive investment from the project for assets or working capital. Eligible farmers will be incentivized to apply for financing through well-organized cooperatives, common interest groups or producer groups. Eligibility criteria might include (i) businesses already operating with well-maintained financial records, (ii) climate-smart business plan, (iii) potential demand for products or services, (iv) financial viability and technical feasibility of business plan, (v) willingness to take up climate adaptation and mitigation measures, and (vi) preference for women and youth. Precise selection criteria will be developed by the service provider in consultation with local officials from the MoA, with proposals screened by a committee of local sector experts. Up to 70 percent of business proposals will be funded through the project. The co-investee farmers or cooperatives will receive additional technical support on the operation and maintenance of purchased assets. A grants’ manual will be developed. 36 World Bank. 2023. _Zambia Gender Assessment_ . 37 Finscope Survey 2020 and in-person consultations at Meheba settlement 2022/23. Page 19

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: spent migrating. Finally, reforms contributed to higher agricultural yields and profits through three channels, namely (i) greater rental market activity that transferred land to more productive producers; (ii) substitution of purchased inputs for labor; and (iii) a shift out of grains towards vegetables, corn, and oilseeds, all of which offer higher levels of profitability. All of these findings are consistent with the notion that, without reforms, tenure insecurity and transaction cost in factor markets undermined investment and functioning of land and labor markets, preventing high value peri-urban land from being used most effectively and reducing job creation, especially for the less affluent and educated. As China considers how to build on what has been achieved, pilot results point to important substantive lessons in terms of key elements of reform implementation and elements of what has been done in Chengdu reform are thus likely to form an integral part of any future reform package. While we can only estimate impacts of the entire reform package rather than individual components, careful design of future reforms, with an emphasis on evaluation right from the start, could help to further enhance lessons 18 Reform-induced increases in supply of (young) own labor noted above are

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) according to the National Household Survey data for age cohorts from the National Institute for Statistics and the Census, while a little over 40 percent of individuals aged 55-59 in 2023 had completed at least lower secondary education (9 years of education), this number more than doubles to 85 percent of 20-24 year olds. The 2020 Human Capital Index shows that a child born in Costa Rica can expect to be 63 percent as productive with the current education and health services as he or she could be if he or she enjoyed complete education and full health, which is slightly higher than the LAC average of 60 percent. [9] Costa Rica aspires to go beyond being among the best in the LAC region, to be on the global vanguard of the digital age, with education outcomes on par with the OECD, a highly skilled workforce, and a transformative digitalization and management agenda. **Foundational Learning** 5. **National assessments show weakness in foundational learning, and learning outcomes are strongly correlated** **to socioeconomic conditions, which points to the need for foundational learning with deeper attention to the education** **outcomes of students from

National Household Survey data for age cohorts

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: and often complex. [5] The rapid loss of the global coastal wetland stock in the 20 [th] century was primarily caused by direct land reclamation. While significant losses due to human actions are likely to continue in the future, it is projected that stresses on wetland areas may be further aggravated in the 21 [st] century due to climate change. Wetlands face a number of hazards including rise in sea-level, increased atmospheric 4 A precise and widely agreed upon definition of wetland is not available. RAMSAR convention, a UNESCO-based intergovernmental treaty on wetlands adopted in 1971, defines wetlands as (Article 1.1): areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water with the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters, and highlights (in Article 2.1) that wetlands may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying within the islands. 5 These causes include sea-level rise, waves, erosion, subsidence, storms and biotic effects. Human actions include drainage for agriculture & forestry,

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: #### **Impact of Property Rights Reform to Support China’s Rural-Urban** **Integration:** **Household-Level Evidence from the Chengdu National Experiment [¶]** Klaus Deininger [†], Songqing Jin [‡], Shouying Liu [♯], Fang Xia [♦] †World Bank, Washington DC ‡Michigan State University, East Lansing MI ♯Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing ♦Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing **JEL Codes O1, O43, R14, R3** **Keywords: Urban development, land use change, China, financial development** - Email: kdeininger@worldbank.org; jins@anr.msu.edu; liusy@drc.gov.cn; xia.fang.fx@gmail.com. We thank NBS, in particular Pingping Wang, Wei Wu, Yilin Feng, and Jianliang Di, as well as the Chengdu Statistical office, especially Taixiang Zhao, Xiaoying Gu, Yuan Lin, Yufang Chen, Qiuyan Chen, and Shiming Ren for access to data and support, Ting Shao for communication with NBS and the Chengdu Statistical office, and Yihao Li for research assistance. Funding support from the Knowledge for Change Program is gratefully acknowledged.

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: (1.614) Effect of payout at average payout 3.46 1.68 1.75 4.17 3.55 0.63 Observations 1534 1534 1534 459 459 459 R-squared 0.061 0.118 0.047 0.084 0.285 0.069 _Notes_ : Observations are aggregated at the village level. The dependent variable is the number of insurance purchasers in a village. Panel A includes the sample of villages in 2005 and 2006 in which insurance coverage was offered in the village the following year. Panel B is restricted to villages in which at least on person purchased insurance the following year. The effect at average payout is the overall increase in purchasers estimated at the average payout level. In Panel A, the average ratio of payout to premium is 2.68; in Panel B it is 3.25. All regressions contain state fixed effects. Errors are clustered at the weather station level. ***p _<_ 0.01, **p _<_ 0.05, *p _<_ 0.1. _Source_ : Authors’ analysis based on data from BASIX. In panel B, I restrict the analysis to villages that had at least one buyer the year after insurance outcomes, creating a sample analogous to the “Marketing Restricted Sample” in table 3. The logic behind this is, if a village had zero buyers, it is

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Socio-economic Inclusion of Refugees & Host Communities in Rwanda Project Phase II (P509677) health facilities and market-linked skills training. [7] The 2024 Rwanda FinScope survey also showed relatively low takeup of finance for investments or credit for productive purposes by Rwandese and refugees, limiting business and income-generating opportunities. [8] 7. **High poverty rates and minimal economic activity in the hosting districts constrain self-reliance prospects** **for refugees and host communities alike.** The national non-monetary poverty rate in Rwanda of 30 percent is exceeded in all five districts that host refugee camps. Gisagara, where the Mugombwa camp is located, ranked as the poorest district in the country in the 2022 Census at 45 percent. [9] By comparison, the City of Kigali has the lowest percentage of poor people (9.5 percent). Core elements of the non-monetary poverty index include health, education and living standards, highlighting the dual need to: (a) invest in economic opportunity and access to services in the hosting districts; and (b) at the same time, facilitate refugee mobility out of the camps and rural areas into urban centers, where more opportunities are available and self-reliance is more achievable. 8. **Building on the ongoing Phase I of Jya

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: for expecting mothers and newborns. Component 2.1 will enhance women’s access to healthcare through improved infrastructure, including all-weather roads, clean energy, and water, as well as investments in maternity wards. These improvements will support reproductive health, prenatal care, and the treatment of issues related to FGM/C. Additionally, the project will foster women’s economic empowerment by supporting livelihoods for women-only Affinity Support Groups (GEAs) and female-led businesses. 16. **Climate change exacerbates the vulnerabilities of already underserved and rural communities in Djibouti** . The country’s harsh climate is characterized by high temperatures and extreme water scarcity. Djibouti has no perennial rivers, 12 [USAID (2024), Djibouti Assistance Overview](https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/USAID-BHA_Djibouti_Assistance_Overview-August_2024.pdf) 13 WFP (2024), [WFP Djibouti Country Brief November 2024](https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000163674/download/?_ga=2.195641900.1223889895.1738425185-377343974.1738425185) 14 Malaeb, B., Duplantier, A., Maarraoui, G., Fluet, E. (2023). Towards a More Equitable Development: Constraints and Opportunities of Women in Djibouti. The World Bank, Washington 15 Country Profiles for Early Childhood Development, 2023. 16 According to Malaeb B. et al. (2023), women-owned businesses have higher rates of using informal methods of financing (53 percent compared to 33 percent); women-owned enterprises are usually micro-sized (80 percent of women businesses are sole-proprietorships), informal (42 percent of women businesses are informal), and young (42 percent of women businesses

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: countries: Number of people exposed to significant flood risk (and as share of total_ _regional population)_ Considering the absolute population exposure figures above biases attention towards large and populous regions. Notably, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Bihar are the three most populous sub-national regions in the world. Instead, considering relative population exposure, i.e. the share of the overall population that is exposed to flood risks, can help identify regions in which flood risks are prevalent across large parts of the population. Figures 10 and 11 present relative flood exposure estimates, which demonstrate that in various regions the vast majority of the population is facing significant flood risks. The sub-national region with the highest relative exposure to flood inundation risk is the Pool region in the Republic of Congo. The region, home to Pool Malebo, has a population of approximately 360,000 people, 91% of whom are exposed to significant flood risk. In all of the top 10 subnational regions in terms of relative population exposure, over two-thirds of the population are estimated to face significant flood risks. Strikingly, regions with high flood exposure can be found in all regions, and in low- and high-income 15

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: the lowest quintile of the PISA index were below level 2. Foundational learning (literacy and numeracy) in early grades paves the way for future learning, and differences in educational attainment become magnified through youth and adult life in the acquisition of human capital. Without any claims regarding causation, it is useful to look at labor earnings, which are more closely related to human capital than earnings from other assets. OECD figures show that 32 percent of 25–64-year-olds in Costa Rica with low levels of educational attainment (below upper-secondary education) earned less than half of the median earnings for the country and were thus at risk of poverty, if not already poor. [10] **Employability** 6. **In addition to foundational learning, Costa Rica’s education system requires a renewed emphasis on** **competencies for employability, including cognitive, technical and digital skills, socioemotional competencies, and** **English language skills.** Costa Rica’s economy diversified from agricultural commodity exports in the 2000s to an economy centered on high-tech manufacturing and services. Costa Rica contributes to at least 5 major high-tech global value chains: electronics, medical devices, automotive, aeronautic/aerospace, and film/broadcasting devices. However, the education system has not been highly effective in keeping up to the changes by providing

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: construction land (18.7% and 22.6% of villages with a mean of some 6 disputes). Even where disputes emerged, most cases were resolved by local institutions: in villages with conflict, a total of 1.2 cases required intervention by institutions above the village. After certification, contracts with a length exceeding 30 years were issued for all construction land and more than 95% of all other land use types. Permanent land use contracts were given in close to 72% of cases overall, from 85% of residential and construction land to 80% of collective land, and some 50% and 48% of arable and forest land. Survey data point toward a total cash cost for the program of about Y 8.6 per mu of which close to half (38%) was contributed by the village and the remainder from outside. Villagers contributed close to 2,000 man-days of labor (about 3 days per household) and, with somewhat more than 10 person-months of labor by outsiders, contributions from above the village remained limited. **4. Econometric results** The reform is estimated to have led to a significant increase of 7.7 percent in per capita consumption that was most pronounced for less educated and less wealthy households, and an increment

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: between Africa and Asia through Israel‘s southern border with Egypt. The asylum seekers originate mainly from Sudan and Eritrea, as well as other Sub-Saharan countries. At the time of writing, it is estimated that around 26,000 asylum seekers have entered Israel and a few hundred more continue to cross the border every month (Nathan 2010). _Sources: UNHCR Statistical Yearbooks. No data available for 2003. UNHCR has not yet published_ _data for 2010._ The Sinai desert serves as a geographical barrier between the countries and only short, 'sensitive' strips of the 260 kilometres are fenced. The asylum seekers often pay large sums to Bedouin smugglers (operating from both sides) who traffic them through the desert. In a border characterised by an active trade of drugs, tobacco, weapons and 2 As I demonstrate below the ̳refugee terminology‘ is contentious. In the interest of coherence I predominantly use the term ―asylum seekers‖, a term which does not tells us much about motivation but refers to the claim, which ought to stand evaluation. Thus, in this work, a person is considered an asylum seeker, until proven otherwise. 2

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: non-exposed areas are those grid cells where the flood level is zero. This is a measure of extent rather than depth, and has been used in previous studies to examine exposure to floods (Jongman et al. 2014; Winsemius et al. 2015; Ceola et al. 2014). Furthermore, while we lose information by using extent rather than depth (we have depths in our flood data), we decided to use extent since our flood data assumes no protection. Protection is more likely to impact the depth, rather than the extent, of the flood results. [4] 4 There is also a good reason for examining extent over depth, in terms of the hazard modeling; flood depths within a large scale flood model are very uncertain, and there is much more certainty about extents.

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: the east of Israel, Jordan hosts nearly 500,000 refugees, and to the South, Egypt (from which the majority of asylum seekers cross to Israel) hosts a population of more than 100,000 (UNHCR 2009; USCRI 2009). It is also known that Egypt has a vast population of unregistered foreign nationals who are not accounted for in refugee statistics. Estimates of their number vary considerably (Harrell-Bond and Zohry 2003; Nassar 2008). While such numerical and comparative analysis suggests that Israel‘s asylum seeker population is relatively small, this approach does not illuminate the social and political issues which give Israel‘s asylum seekers particular political and cultural weight. Surrounded by Arab and Muslim countries with weaker economies, Israel‘s prosperity and democratic structure act as significant pull factors for migrants. The country‘s decision to follow UNHCR guidelines and not to deport Eritreans and Sudanese while tolerating their unauthorised work must also function as an incentive. It is also important to consider the circumstances that prompt Sudanese and Eritreans, the two dominant groups of asylum seekers, to make Israel their first or second country of asylum (Afeef 2009, 9). While their circumstances significantly differ, Eritreans and Sudanese share a desire to seek better protection and to

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: and coincidence of flood risk and population, this approach does not allow a robust estimation of exposure headcounts. Jongman et al. (2012) provide the first global flood exposure analysis that utilizes spatial hazard and population data, albeit at relatively coarse resolution by current standards (10 x 10 kilometers for population data, and 1 x 1 kilometers for flood data). The authors estimate that in 2010, 805 million people worldwide were exposed to fluvial flooding with a 1-in-100 year return period; 271 million people to coastal flooding with the same return period. By accounting for overlap between coastal and fluvial flood risk zones, they further estimate that the global flood exposed population was 992 million in 2010, and project this number to reach 1.3 billion by 2050. In this study, we show that this projection has already been exceeded in 2020, with 1.47 billion living in high-risk flood zones. Several factors can explain this increase in estimated exposure headcount: On the 1 Disclaimer: The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on the maps in this study do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: host in Africa, and among the five largest worldwide.** There are over 1.8 million refugees and asylum seekers in the country at present, most of whom originate from South Sudan (54 percent) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (32 percent). Uganda continues to experience significant inflows, with over 170,000 refugees having arrived during 2024. The refugees are formally settled in 12 of Uganda’s 146 districts, plus Kampala. 4. **Uganda is globally recognized for its refugee policy framework, which is closely aligned with the priorities of** **the GCR.** Uganda’s refugee policies deliver the shared international vision under the 2018 GCR, that allows refugees to 1 As of April 30, 2025, the exact number of refugees and asylum seekers in Uganda is 1,890,334. Source: Office of the Prime Minister and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). 2 Zhou, Yang-Yang, Grossman, Guy, and Ge, Shuning, 2023. "Inclusive refugee-hosting can improve local development and prevent public backlash," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 166(C). 3 Phase I of DRDIP in Uganda was rated Satisfactory throughout implementation and exceeded all Project Development Objective indicator targets. Page 1

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: rural-urban integration reforms undertaken in Chengdu prefecture followed a more integrated approach that could hold broader lessons. We describe the nature of the reforms and our analytical approach to evaluating their impact. **2.1 The challenges of rural-urban land conversion in China** In the 2000-2010 period, the size of urban areas in China expanded enormously: use of satellite imagery to define ‘urban’ consistently across countries reveals that, with an average annual area expansion of 9.8% for Hangzhou, 8.1% for Shanghai, 6.1% for Chongqing, 5.9% for Chengdu, 4.5% for the Pearl River Delta and 4.0%, for Beijing, most Chinese cities expanded at a rate well in excess of the East Asian average of 2.8% (World Bank 2014). [1] At the same time, and despite numerous measures to the contrary, rural-urban income inequality widened. While clear causality is difficult to establish, most experts agree that high rates of land conversion make a key contribution to this and, in addition, give rise to factor market distortions and often inefficient and unsustainable land use. This can largely be attributed to structural factors, most importantly the fact that, as rural land is owned by village collectives and not tradable, conversion of land from agricultural to non-agricultural

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 696 Stein Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources. [5] This data set has daily readings of rainfall for the period 1961–2004, at a precision of .25. [6] The data are extrapolated based on historical rainfall readings from weather stations primarily provided by the Indian Meterological Department. For each block, the data contain the amount of rainfall in millimeters and the number of stations within the grid that contributed to the data. These data are used to evaluate how the insurance policies would have paid out historically, which can be used as a proxy for past rainfall shocks. [7] The three individual years of BASIX customer data were converted into a panel by manually matching individual customers using available identifying data. Errors in matching customers from year to year create the possibility of introducing nonclassical measurement error into the analysis. In section I discuss the possible consequences of such errors and how they affect interpretation of the estimates. **II.** **Results: The Effect of Payouts on Take-Up** In this section I address the central question: is receiving an insurance payout correlated with repurchasing insurance the following year? To do this, I examine BASIX’s customers in 2005 and 2006, and

historical rainfall readings from weather stations

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: squared. In this specification, the dummy on receiving 5 [APHRODITE’s water resources project; http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/precip.](http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/precip) 6 25° latitude equals about 27.5 kilometers. .25° longitude varies by latitude; over the range of latitudes in this survey it equals roughly 26 kilometers. 7 It is not clear if ICICI-LOMBARD used APHRODITE or another source of historical rainfall data in order to price their policies because this information is proprietary. The APHRODITE data set is based on historical data provided primarily by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), but similar gridded data sets provided by IMD contain vast amounts of missing data over both time and space. It is very likely that the ICICI-LOMBARD products were priced using IMD data, but it is likely the ICICI-LOMBARD used different techniques to account for missing data. 8 It makes sense to assume that the error _εt,i_ is correlated for the same person across time as well as across people in a given year. Ideally, one would like to include individual fixed effects to account for individual heterogeneity. However, in order to exploit this variation one would need to look at customers who purchased insurance in both 2005 and 2006, and received payouts in only one of those

historical data
historical rainfall data

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: facilitate the full participation, retention, and educational advancement of students with disabilities, as well as facilitation for their transition to the labor market. 13. **Indigenous students face additional educational challenges related to the low availability of educational** **materials in indigenous languages.** There are an estimated 16,000 indigenous students from eight communities (NgäbeBugle, Cabécar, Bribri, Malecu, Chorotega, Huetar, Térraba, and Boruca) located in 24 indigenous territories recognized by the State. Education matters are managed by local indigenous education councils ( _Consejos Locales de Educación_ _Indígena_ ) under the aegis of MEP’s national system of indigenous education. Despite the existence of a decree from 2013 that aims to preserve indigenous languages and promote early grade learning in mother tongues, additional efforts are needed to train teachers and develop learning materials in indigenous languages. [21] Education and administrative boards continue to face a lack of training and supervision, hindering their ability to effectively fulfill their responsibilities. 19 UNHCR, Strategy 2024, Situation Analysis. 20 Data from MEP’s Saber, as of September 26, 2023. 21 Sistema Costarricence de Información Jurídica, Decreto Ejecutivo 37801, Reforma del Subsistema de Educación Indígena, [https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/Scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRM&nValor1=1&nValor2=75249&strTipM=FN](https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/Scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRM&nValor1=1&nValor2=75249&strTipM=FN) Page 5

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN MENA / 10 OCTOBER 2024 **Basic Needs** UNHCR’s cash-based assistance targets only the most vulnerable; those who live hand to mouth in truly precarious and desperate situations. Multi-purpose cash assistance assists families to put food on the table, pay for medicines, and keep children in school. Emergency cash assistance is disbursed rapidly for urgent cases, such as for those at risk of eviction from their homes or in need of immediate and life-saving medical care. Cash for Protection works with refugees within a case management framework to address specific and often more complicated protection issues holistically. Around 46,000 IDPs and 3,100 refugee households are affected by the current funding shortfall. **Protection** Holding an identity document is one of life’s basics. Without an ID card, one cannot access basic services, freedom of movement is reduced, and risk of detention and arrest increased. Finding work is also made more difficult. According to UNHCR’s protection monitoring, over 54% of families have at least one child without a birth certificate, and 71% have family members without national identity cards. Displaced populations are often unable to access or have lost civil documentation and face challenges getting replacements for reasons connected to

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 2.8 Value of crop output during the second season of 2004 347.5 366.9 164.0 419.3 Area covered under crops during the first season of 2005 2.7 3.0 1.6 2.9 Value of crop output during the first season of 2005 190.2 194.2 140.9 212.2 Value of crop output per acre [a] 101.5 96.7 95.3 110.8 Number of observations (households) 5530 2726 1076 1728 _Source:_ Own computation from 2005/06 UNHS III _Notes:_ [a ] Plot area weighted average of the value of crop output per acre of the two agriculture seasons. 17

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: PIU. If the authorization is obtained, there may be an additional risk that the MEP fails to obtain access to SIGAF. To mitigate these risks, efforts will be made to include in the same draft law seeking loan approval by the Legislative Assembly the creation of a PIU with access to SIGAF. In addition, once the PIU is created, the MEP will recruit staff with adequate qualifications and experience on terms of reference acceptable to the Bank as reflected in the POM. Training in FM and disbursement procedures will be provided to FM staff before starting implementation, and a Project operational manual satisfactory to the Bank will be prepared and will include a FM section detailing FM processes and procedures to ensure adequate internal controls, contract management and monitoring mechanisms over project funds, timely payments and issuance of financial report: Lastly, the Bank will undertake regular missions to support the implementation of the project. For Procurement. The procurement residual risk of delays in implementation is Substantial as MEP has limited experience implementing World Bank-financed projects, and no experience under the current Procurement Framework. These risks will be mitigated by training staff on Procurement Regulations, as well as through the inclusion

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: This dataset, created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Climate Prediction Center, is based on ground station measurements of precipitation over the period 1948–2001. The average temperatures and precipitation for each country in the sample are shown in Appendices A and B. Note that there is a wide range of climates across the 11 countries in the sample. It is not possible to use every month of climate in a Ricardian regression because of the high correlation between one month and the next. Consequently we must cluster the monthly data into seasons. However, it is not self-evident how to cluster monthly temperatures into a limited set of seasonal measurements. We explored several ways of defining three-month average seasons, starting with November, December, and January for winter. Comparing the results, we found that defining winter in the northern hemisphere as the average of November, December, and January provided the most robust results for Africa. This assumption in turn implies that the next three months would be spring, the three months after that would be summer, and August, September and October would be fall (in the north). These seasonal definitions were chosen because they provided the best fit with the data

ground station measurements of precipitation

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: experiences of their friends and neighbors. Evidence in the developed world shows that purchases of flood and earthquake insurance in the United States are greatly influenced by recent experiences with disasters and insurance payouts, that peoples’ insurance decisions are influenced by their friends and neighbors’ experiences with insurance (Kunreuther, Sanderson, and Vetschera 1985; Gallagher 2014). Reacting to Daniel Stein is a senior economist at IDinsight; his email address is [Daniel.stein@idinsight.org.](mailto:Daniel.stein@idinsight.org) This work would not have been possible without the assistance of the insurance staff at BASIX, especially Sridhar Reddy, for help in obtaining and understanding their customer database. Thanks to Tim Besley, Greg Fischer, Gani Aldashev, and Xavier Giné for giving helpful advice and commenting on earlier drafts. Thanks to participants at the Munich Re 6th Annual Microinsurance Conference, the Midwestern International Economic Development Conference, seminars at the London School of Economics, University of Namur, and KU Leuven for helpful comments. All remaining errors are my own. A supplemental appendix to this article [is available at https://academic.oup.com/wber.](https://academic.oup.com/wber) 1 CIA World Factbook: India; Indiastat.com. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK. All [rights reserved. For

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: and sharing of technical and institutional analyses to help the project designs be closely aligned and synergistic; (ii) the administrative and legislative processes for project approval by the Government are expected to take place at the same time as the IDB-financed project; and (iii) project implementation will be carried out in close coordination with the IDBfinanced project. An example of complementarity is on the pedagogical reform, with the proposed Project focused on foundational learning, while the IDB financed project would deepen the impact with support to a wider curricular reform. The efforts of both projects in supporting MEP’s digitalization agenda are included as an operational core of an ongoing regional effort between the two Banks under the Memorandum of Understanding on strategic areas including reducing the digital access gap. 16. **Costa Rica recently received a positive IMF review of the overall Government program, which bodes well for** **MEP, especially as MEP reforms are geared towards sustainability** . [22] An important consideration of the reform program is that the planned interventions do not require a level of investment that would put inordinate fiscal pressure regarding the MEP budget. Expenditures such as the investments planned for the digitalization agenda of the MEP

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: School](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2024/01/11/djibouti-giving-refugee-children-a-chance-to-go-to-school) 9 The Ministry of Health and UNHCR signed a cooperation agreement in 2018 for the inclusion of refugees in the national health system 10 Government of Djibouti (2024), Stratégie Livelihoods et Inclusion Economique Djibouti 2024 – 2028 11 UNHCR, African Development Bank Group, IGAD, EAC (2024), Regional Report Draft: Regional Program on Enhancing the Investment Climate for the Economic Empowerment of Refugee, Returnee and Host/Return Community Women in the East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes Region. Page 4

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Some coastal zones in our study area invest significant resources in damage prevention via polder construction and other measures, while others offer compensation once cyclone-related damage has occurred. Incorporation of controls from our cyclone panel database may permit more accurate estimation of the timing and magnitude of responses to these differences. To conclude, we believe that the coastal cyclone experiences of Bangladesh, West Bengal and Odisha also offer potentially-valuable lessons for the global community. Our overall findings for the Indian Ocean are consistent with the view that ocean warming from climate change has increased the frequency and average power of regional cyclone storms. Since 1960, a composite index of cyclone frequency and power has increased by about 50%. Since our focal study area is one of the world’s most cyclone-prone, its experience can provide important clues for understanding the potential future of other cyclone-affected areas. In this context, studies that 22

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: of natural shocks, and historical data only offer limited guidance on the future. So, when taking long-term investment and planning decisions, selecting options that offer robust performance under a variety of scenarios is crucial (Hallegatte et al. 2019). This study considers a 1-in-100 year return flood intensity to reflect a relatively rare and intense disaster. However, the concept of return periods is easily misunderstood and the probability underestimated. A 1in-100 year flood has, on average, a 1% probability of occurrence in any given year. But this translates to or 10% probability in a decade, or 50% in a lifetime (68 years). These are significant probabilities that lie well within reasonable planning horizons of governments. For comparison, the Dutch flood protection system protects against events up to 1-in-10,000 years. In addition, it should be noted that these probabilities apply independently to a given river basin or microclimate. For the purpose of this study, we consider hundreds of thousands of such locations. This means that, globally, hundreds of 1-in-100 year flood events happen every year. **3.2.** **Population density** This study estimates the location of people using the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL), produced by the EC JRC. It offers global coverage and

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: components. Progress on all project components will be through biannual progress reports submitted by the PMU to the World Bank and disclosed publicly. 53. **Progress on the implementation of Components 2 and 3 will be overseen by the district-level PMU.** Progress will be assessed on infrastructure and agribusiness activities and provide quarterly reports to the MoHAIS. 54. **Citizen engagement and social accountability will be promoted throughout the project cycle.** The project has prepared a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) which was disclosed in country and on the World Bank website on August 1, 2024, which provides guidance on ensuring effective project communication and consultation at different stages of implementation. It further sets out indicators that will be monitored in accessing the level of beneficiary engagement, feedback, and grievances. The policy stakeholder group will facilitate the exchange of information between policy makers and the public. Citizen engagement will be measured through beneficiary assessments, which will include (a) participatory focus groups and (b) semi-structured interviews with refugees and former refugees, host community members, farmers, cooperatives, and agribusinesses. Citizen engagement outcomes will be assessed through the indicator “Stakeholder consultations convened, and priority measures identified”. These beneficiary assessments will help assess the relevance and impact

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Loayza, N., A. Mier y Teran, and J. Rigolini. 2013. “Poverty, inequality, and the local natural resource curse.” Discussion Paper Series, Forschungsinstitut zur Zujunft der Arbeit, 7226, Bonn. Maldonado, S. (2017). The non-monotonic political effects of resource booms. Mamo, N., Bhattacharyya, S., & Moradi, A. (2019). Intensive and extensive margins of mining and development: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. _Journal of Development_ _Economics_, _139_, 28-49. Michaels, G. 2011. “The Long Term Consequences of Resource-Based Specialisation.” _The_ _Economic Journal_ 121: 31–57. MineAtlas. 2013. https://mining-atlas.com/ Rhee, S., Nyanza, E. C., Condon, M., Fisher, J., Maduka, T., & Benshaul-Tolonen, A. (2018). Understanding environmental, health and economic activity interactions following transition of ownership in gold mining areas in Tanzania: A case of private to public. _Land use policy_, _79_, 650-658. Standing, A., and G. Hilson. 2013. “Distributing mining wealth to communities in Ghana: Addressing problems of elite capture and political corruption.” _U4_ issue 2013 (5). van der Ploeg, F. 2011. “Natural Resources: Curse or Blessing?” _Journal of Economic_ _Literature_ 49 (2): 366–420. von der Goltz, J., & Barnwal, P. (2019). Mines: The local wealth and health effects of mineral mining in developing countries. _Journal of Development Economics_, _139_, 1-16. Wilson, N. 2012. “Economic Booms and

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: This reliance on international trade – especially for essential imports such as water and food - leaves Djibouti vulnerable to climate-related shocks affecting both its own territory and its neighboring trading partners. 6. **As of January 15, 2025, Djibouti hosts 32,643 registered refugees** **[2]** **and asylum-seekers, constituting** **approximately three percent of the population, primarily from Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen** [3] **.** Eighty-five percent of refugees live in settlements (2,529 in Obock; 8,019 in Holl Holl; and 16,980 in Ali Addeh), while 15 percent reside in urban areas (5,115 in Djibouti-Ville). A majority of refugees are between the ages of 18-59, and the gender composition is 52 percent male and 48 percent female. The government’s proactive approach, aligned with the Global Compact on Refugees, includes efforts to integrate refugees into national systems while promoting social and economic inclusion, reinforced by the adoption of a National Refugee Law (NRL) in 2017 to strengthen institutional and legislative frameworks and ensure refugee access to services. Djibouti’s relative peace and economic growth in the region have made it a key destination for refugees and migrants, who seek sanctuary from conflict and climate-induced disasters. Additionally, Djibouti serves as a key transit corridor for migrants from the

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **World** 0 2 4 6 8 Billions **Figure 2** _**. Global population headcounts exposed to different levels of flood risk**_ By regionally disaggregating global exposure headcounts, it becomes apparent that flood risks are particularly prevalent in certain regions. At 595.3 million people, the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region has the highest number of people exposed to significant flood risk – corresponding to about 25% of EAP’s total population. In all other regions, flood exposed people account for a smaller share of the overall population. In the South Asia region (SAR), 370 million people are exposed to significant flood risk – i.e. about 19.5 percent of the SAR population. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Europe and Central Asia (ECA), Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and the United States and Canada (USA & CAN), between 16.3 to 8 percent of the respective regional populations are exposed to high flood risk. Figure 4 provides a full breakdown of regional exposure estimates in absolute and relative terms. In several cases, regional exposure numbers are driven by single countries – like is the case for China in EAP, India in SAR, or Egypt in MENA. Section 5.2. presents

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: wheat and other grains increased and those of oil crops decreased in Chengdu while the opposite was true for households in neighboring counties. Also, key interventions in place during the period of concern are a new rural pension scheme (Lei _et al._ 2013), cooperative medical scheme (Wagstaff _et al._ 2009), and agricultural subsidies (Huang _et al._ 2011; Meng 2012). While these are funded centrally, disbursements may vary by prefecture and we include information on the amounts received in such schemes, in addition for a wide range of household-level observables, in our regressions. **3.2 Nature and cost of the certification process** To quantify costs of the reform, we use the overlap between the counties in our sample and a village survey administered in May 2014 on either side of comparable stretches of the administrative border of Chengdu prefecture(Deininger _et al._ 2015). Characteristics of the certification process for different types of land are described in table 2. The average village has an area of about 7,500 mu (5 km [2] ) of which some 51% were 13 To test for presence of pre-reform trends for variable _Yit_ in household _i_ in year _t_, we use the pre-reform sample to estimate ��� �������

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **Poverty and flood exposure.** By combining flood exposure estimates with survey-based sub-national data on poverty, we further estimate flood exposure among the world’s poor. Our estimates show that 132 million people living in extreme poverty (living on less than $1.90 per day) are directly exposed to flood risk; of these, 72.5 million (or 55 percent) are in Sub-Saharan Africa (figure 16). Approximately two out of ten people exposed to flood risk globally are living in extreme poverty. When poverty is defined using less extreme (i.e. higher) thresholds, the number of flood-exposed poor people increases significantly. Around 343 million are estimated to live in high-risk flood zones while living on less than $3.20 a day. The number increases to 587 million when considering incomes below $5.50 a day. Increasing the poverty threshold from $1.90 to $5.50 doubles the number of poor people exposed to floods in Sub-Saharan Africa from 73 million to 147 million. However, in South Asia the number of the poor and flood-exposed increases seven-fold from 41 million to 289 million; in East Asia the increase is nine-fold from 9 million to 80 million. but increases the poor people exposed in SAR by a factor of 6.55 to 286.8

survey-based sub-national data on poverty

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: by the World Bank, in collaboration with WHO (Pandey, et al., 2004; Wang, et al., 2003). For natural resource degradation, we base our indicator on recent research that identifies the vulnerability of people on fragile lands (i.e., land that is steeply-sloped, arid, or covered by natural forest) as a major determinant of rural poverty and natural resource degradation in developing countries (World Bank, 2003). Our indicator, the total rural population living on fragile lands, has been constructed from a GIS (Geographic Information System) - based spatial overlay of demographic, topographical, climatic and natural resource information. We have developed our biodiversity threat indicator from a variety of sources. For terrestrial biodiversity, we use a GIS-based spatial overlay of human population with critical areas identified by Conservation International (CI), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and Birdlife International (BI). We also include freshwater lake areas, to capture the role of inland aquatic ecosystems. The World Bank’s Environment Strategy focuses on both the threat to biodiversity from human encroachment, and the value of biodiversity resources for human populations. Our indicator for this two-way relationship in each country is its total human population in critical biodiversity areas. For marine biodiversity, we draw on estimates of

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: up potential differential effects across urban compared to rural localities. None of the treatment effects are statistically significantly different between rural and urban areas. [16] In panel C, we have constructed a new treatment variable _#active*mines_ that counts the number of actively producing mines within 20 km. Women are sampled within 20 km of one mine (593 women), within 20 km of two mines (137 women), and within 20 km of three mines (64 women). The 16 Few of the other interaction coefficients are also statistically significant. The interaction between _urban*mine_ is significant, and women in urban localities with a future mine are 12 percentage points less likely to be working in agriculture. 28

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) 15. As per paragraph 5.9 of the Procurement Regulations, the World Bank’s Systematic Tracking and Exchanges in Procurement (STEP) system will be used to prepare, clear, and update Procurement Plans and conduct all procurement transactions for the Project. Page 35

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: see Office of the Prime Minister and UNHCR (2024) _Uganda Urban Response Strategy 2024-2029_ . 7 The definition used is canopy height >5m. Global Forest Watch 8 Compounded by the fact that refugee settlement population density is typically ten times the national average: World Agroforestry Center, 2024. 9 Gianvenuti, A., Bedijo, N. G., Jalal, R., Hitimana, L., Walter, S., Linhares-Juvenal, T., and Xia, Z. (2022). Woodfuel Consumption in Refugee Hosting Areas and Its Impact on the Surrounding Forests—The Case of Uganda. _Forests_, _13_ (10), 1676. Page 2

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source