Input:
Annual grid-level GDP data between 1990 and 2014 at a 0.5-degree resolution come from Kummu, Taka and

Guillaume (2018a). The data are primarily based on sub-national GDP per capita data constructed by Gennaioli,

Is the relationship between rainfall and GDP explained by agriculture? We use data from the ESA CCI project

to determine the share of cropland within each cell at the beginning of the period (ESA starts in 1992) and split

different weights. Population is taken from HYDE 3.2 (Klein, Beusen and Janssen 2010).

The work compares food prices subnationally and finds that increasing prices are the most significant factor driving recent food insecurity but documents strong spatial heterogeneity in both market price dynamics, as well as relations to food insecurity, and provides examples of markets where prices are more sensitive to localized shocks. 4For instance, the International Finance Statistics (IFS) data base of the IMF reports monthly price data at Consumer Price Index (CPI) component level, but few developing countries report food price data without substantial delays.

International Finance Statistics (IFS) data base of the IMF

International Finance Statistics (IFS) data base of the IMF


Input: The National Skills Development Survey, conducted by the Employment and Social Policy Institute in 2023, provides crucial insights into workforce trends and skills demands across various sectors. This dataset is utilized extensively by the Ministry of Labor to inform policy decisions and strategic planning, ensuring that programs are tailored to address current labor market needs.

Employment and Social Policy Institute
Ministry of Labor

employment, labor markets, and skills development


Input: average historical payout, the total number of historical payouts, and the standard deviation of rainfall. Historical variables are calculated for the period 1962-2004. Observations are weighted by the quality of rainfall data. If there are no rainfall stations contributing to the APHRODITE data in 2004 within a .75°x.75° grid around the desired BASIX weather station, the observation is given a weight of 1. If there is a least one weather station in this .75°x.75°, the observation is given a weight of 1.5. If there is a rainfall station within the .25°x.25° grid, the observation is given a weight of 2. The weighted results to not differ significantly from the unweighted results. The number of observations is 733 out of a total of 949 villages in the sample in 2005, as APHRODITE data was available for only a subset of locations. All specifications include state fixed effects. Errors clustered at the weather station level. ***p _<_ 0.01, **p _<_ 0.05, *p _<_ 0.1. _Source_ : Authors’ analysis based on data from BASIX and APHRODITE. Column 1 presents the baseline regression, which shows that villages that experienced a rainfall shock in 2004 actually had an average of 3.8 _fewer_ purchasers in 2005.


Input:
confirmed the results found in international literature presented above. The most important result is that Ukrainian refugees who are fluent in Polish earn a net wage premium of about PLN 700 (+16% relative to refugee net median wage, PLN 1,000 gross wage) when compared to those with beginner language skills. This result is stable across different model specifications. Note that such an earnings gain would bring the median net wage of a Ukrainian refugee (estimated based on the SEIS UNHCR survey in chapter 2) from 80% to 98% of the median in the economy as a whole (or from 80% to 93% according to Ukrainian refugee’s median in the NBP’s 2024 survey), almost closing the gap to the economy as a whole in these terms. It is in fact higher than the PLN 500 median net wage premium of the pre-war Ukrainian migrants over Ukrainian refugees in the NBP (2024) survey, even though 68% of the former and only 28% of the latter said they had a high level of fluency in Polish.

31


Input: nizations such as UNHCR, and national and international non-governmental organizations. Data is compiled from a number of sources, including but not restricted to individual registration of refugees and asylum seekers (information typically includes name, gender, date of birth, country of origin, marital status, and place of displacement), tracking of population movement in situa- tions where the movement is ﬂuid or continuous, standardized surveys such as Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) surveys, Labor Force Surveys (LFS), Demographic and Health Sur- veys (DHS), and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), administrative records and registries. Yet, data collection is a difﬁcult exercise, due to both methodological issues (UNHCR 2014) and practical challenges, especially in situations of heightened insecurity or mass refugee situations. To date, UNHCR maintains the most comprehensive statistical database under a uniform methodology. UNHCR publishes annual data on refugee ﬂows and stocks by countries of resi- dence and origin dating back to 1951, shortly after the Ofﬁce was established. UNHCR publishes annual statistical reports ranging from “ Global Trends ”, “ Mid-year trends ”, “ Asylum trends ”, to a “ Statistical Yearbook ”. There is a consensus that these data provide the most reliable source of information (Sarzin 2016).


Input: Recent studies have highlighted significant trends in population growth and fertility rates. The findings from the Global Fertility Assessment provide insights into the changing family structures across various regions. Similarly, the Demographic Dynamics Report elaborates on age distribution and migration patterns that further influence demographic changes. These reports are vital for understanding the broader implications for socio-economic planning.

Global Fertility Assessment
Demographic Dynamics Report

demographics, fertility, and population growth


Input: The Geospatial Land Use Survey (GLUS) conducted in 2020 provides critical insights into land utilization patterns across the Sub-Saharan region. This dataset was produced by the African Development Institute (ADI) and is utilized extensively by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for environmental assessments. Additionally, the Remote Sensing Data Repository (RSDR) from 2018 has been an essential resource, published by the Global Geo-Analytics Organization (GGAO), which focuses on satellite imagery analysis. UNEP has also cited the RSDR while preparing reports on climate change impacts in coastal zones. Finally, the Urban Expansion Assessment 2021, released by the World Resources Institute (WRI), highlights urban growth trends within major cities in East Africa and is being leveraged by both local governments and international NGOs for urban planning initiatives.

Geospatial Land Use Survey
Remote Sensing Data Repository
Urban Expansion Assessment 2021

African Development Institute
United Nations Environment Programme
Global Geo-Analytics Organization
World Resources Institute

Sub-Saharan region
coastal zones
East Africa

geospatial analysis, remote sensing, and land use mapping


Input: destination. Building on a growing literature documenting the relationship between subjective welfare and relative income, Fafchamps and Shilpi (2008) show that Nepalese households care about their consumption level relative to that of others in the same location. If this is the case, it is conceivable that migrants choose their destination not so much for the absolute gain in income it may provide but for the gain in relative status that would ensue. For instance, if returns to education and ability are higher in an urban setting, an educated individual may improve his relative position in society by moving from a rural to an urban setting. To investigate this possibility, we estimate equation (4) using the log of relative income (or relative consumption) as dependent variable and construct a predicted relative income measure using the same formula (5). These are shown in the second panel of Table 1. Theories of work migration predict that individuals move to increase their utility or welfare. The 1995 / 96 NLSS asked respondents a number of questions regarding their subjective satisfac- tion level with various dimensions of consumption — namely, food, clothing, housing, health care, and child schooling. They were also asked their subjective satisfaction with their level of total income.


Input: The recent analysis of public financial management in developing countries draws on insights from the Domestic Revenue Collection Survey and the Public Expenditure Review data. These sources provide valuable context to understand the challenges faced by governments in mobilizing domestic resources effectively.

Domestic Revenue Collection Survey
Public Expenditure Review data

public financial management and domestic revenue


Input:
Self-reported data from this survey suggest that firms in Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, and Tanga incurred at least $7.6 million in direct losses and damages due to flooding on business premises in 2018.

The data collected through this survey suggest that the primary reasons for general supply and delivery delays in Tanzanian firms are upstream supply chain issues.

Rentschler et al. (2019a) build a microdata set of about 143,000 firms to estimate the monetary costs of infrastructure disruptions in 137 low- and middle-income countries.

The lack of reliable and resilient infrastructure systems causes economic efficiency losses. A global study
by Rentschler et al (2019) highlights the substantial drag that unreliable infrastructure imposes on firms
in developing countries. In Tanzania, firms are incurring estimated utilization losses of nearly $670 million
a year (1.8 percent of national GDP) from power and water outages and transport disruptions. The firm
survey collected for this study allows us to estimate the share of these utilization losses that are caused
by natural shocks.

We use consumption and price data from the National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA) 2007/08, conducted by the Government of Afghanistan Central Statistics Organization and the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development. The survey was administered between August 2007 and September 2008 and covered over 20,500 households (over 150,000 individuals) in 2,572 communities in all 34 provinces of Afghanistan.

National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment

Government of Afghanistan Central Statistics Organization

National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment

Government of Afghanistan Central Statistics Organization

National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment


Input:
68.8% 2024-Q2 2021-Q2 67.5% 2022-Q2 40.3 40.3 40.4 40.4 Source: Deloitte own elaboration based of Eurostat data (Labour Force Survey).

Source: Deloitte own elaboration based of Eurostat data (Labour Force Survey).

Part-time Full-time 31 Deloitte has not received data that would be detailed as to citizenship, poviat, sex, age group, occupational group, and ZUS insurance code that would be suitable for econometric approach.

42


Input:
Survey (UNHS) and the 2009/10 Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS), both implemented

The 2005/06 UNHS covered all the districts in Uganda surveying 7,421 households

from 783 Enumeration Areas. The 2009/10 UNPS collected information on 2,975 households


Input: According to the 2012 Institutional Profiles report, the quality of public services and its territorial coverage, which was weak to being with, have significantly deteriorated since 2006. 1 A combination of rising poverty, rising insecurity, and deteriorating public services have further strained inter-communal relations and contributed to deteriorations in social cohesion. Many Lebanese youth do not trust their state and become disillusioned as they are not able to affect their own life or contribute productively to society at large. 2 Political and civic engagement is reported to be low (Status of Women in the Middle East and North Africa Survey Project, 2010). 3 In an already fragile context with a highly complex political, religious and social landscape consisting of 18 religious sects, numerous political parties, and large numbers of refugees, many Lebanese 1 On the quality of public services indicator, Lebanon ’ s score declined from 2. 5 in 2006 to 0. 8 in 2012 on a 4-point scale. On the territorial coverage indicator, its score went down from 2. 7 in 2006 to 1. 5 in 2012. 2In a Gallup World Poll, Lebanese reported low confidence in (a) their national government (37 percent) and the judiciary, (b) the honesty of elections (15 percent), and (c) the honesty of government (4 percent) (World Bank, 2016). 3 According to the SWMENA survey, only 18 percent of Lebanese women are members of an organization, compared to 34 percent of men. Men are more likely to be members of a political organization than women (21 percent of men vs. 7 percent of women), whereas women are more likely to be active in religious groups and charity organizations than men.


Input: The East Africa Social Safety Net Survey (EASSN Survey) conducted in 2020 provides valuable data on safety net programs across the region. This comprehensive dataset, produced by the East African Community (EAC), captures information from five countries: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Burundi. In addition, the National Food Security Assessment Report 2021 (NFSAR 2021) offers insights into food security dynamics, although it is primarily utilized by local government agencies rather than international organizations. Meanwhile, the Social Protection Policy Review (SPPR) from 2019 provides a detailed analysis of existing social safety strategies in various African nations, but it does not have an associated acronym or a specific geographical focus.

National Food Security Assessment Report 2021

East African Community
local government agencies

Kenya
Uganda
Rwanda
Tanzania
Burundi
African nations

National Food Security Assessment Report 2021

National Food Security Assessment Report 2021


Input: Figure 3: Ethnic Fractionalization and Ethnic Polarization Ethnicity. A major task for the construction of our dataset is the combining of data on ethnicity from various sources. Indeed, linking ethnic groups is challenging as ethnic identities are socially constructed and there are different definitions, categorizations, and even conceptual approaches when it comes to identifying ethnicities in various databases or scientific disciplines. This makes the task of treating, combining, and analyzing ethnicities extremely daunting as it requires substantial back- ground knowledge on hundreds of ethnicities and a manual treatment would inevitably lead to incon- sistencies, errors of manipulation, and / or subjective choices. Fortunately, we can rely on the Linking Ethnic Data from Africa (LEDA) open-source software package constructed by M ¨ uller-Crepon et al. (2020), which contains a full pipeline to link ethnic datasets from Africa in a consistent and replicable way. We obtain ethnicities of refugees from the EPR-ER dataset, while the ethnicities of individuals in the hosting areas stem from the Afrobarometer.


Input: REFodet = αod + γe + τt + β1Conflictot − 1 + β2Conflictet − 1 + β3Distanceed + ϵodet, (5) where REFodet is the stock of refugees of ethnic group e from country o in country d at year t. As we have data on yearly refugee stocks and would like to estimate the changes in these stocks over time using a gravity model, we include origin – destination fixed effects αod so that identification is based only on changes in stock over time (Zylkin, 2019). 20 We also include time τt and ethnic group fixed effects γe. Here we obtain data on the ethnicity of refugees from Murdock ’ s Atlas, which provides a map of ethnographic regions for Africa and the historical homelands of refugees (Murdock, 1967). To match ethnic groups across datasets, we again use LEDA21 to link data on ethnicity from Murdock ’ s Atlas with data on ethnicity from the EPR-ER dataset and, later, with data from Afrobarometer.


Input: The recent Labor Market Trends Assessment Report 2022 provides insight into the evolving employment landscape across various sectors in developing countries. This report, produced by the International Labour Organization, highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by job seekers and employers alike, aiming to inform policy decisions and improve labor market outcomes.

Labor Market Trends Assessment Report 2022

Labor Market Trends Assessment Report 2022


Input: The recent findings from the Global Learning Assessment (GLA) conducted across multiple nations highlight significant disparities in educational achievements. The GLA, a comprehensive study published by the Education Research Institute, provides valuable insights into student performance during the 2022 academic year. Specifically, the assessment included data from countries such as Brazil and India, underscoring the need for targeted educational reforms. In contrast, data from the National School Enrollment Survey (NSES) 2023, which focuses on enrollment rates in Africa, offers a different perspective by emphasizing growth in primary school attendance. The contrasting timelines and geographical coverage of these datasets shed light on the broader challenges faced in education globally.

Global Learning Assessment
National School Enrollment Survey

education, learning achievement, and school enrollment


Input: The Global Refugee Trends Report 2022, published by UNHCR, provides comprehensive data on the state of forced displacement worldwide. According to this report, over 26 million refugees were recorded in 2022, a staggering figure that highlights the need for immediate action. The findings from the report are used by various organizations, including the International Rescue Committee (IRC), to assess resource allocation and response strategies in regions heavily impacted by refugee influxes. In addition to the report, the 2021 Migration Assessment Survey (MAS) conducted in Eastern Africa has shed light on the demographic changes driven by migration patterns. The MAS data, used by Oxfam in their annual analysis, emphasizes the urgency of addressing the challenges faced by migrants and refugees in this region.

Global Refugee Trends Report 2022
2021 Migration Assessment Survey

UNHCR
International Rescue Committee
IRC
Oxfam

forced displacement, refugees, and migration


Input:
**Several key messages emerge.** **First, SOEs in Romania were larger-employed more people and had**
**larger assets per worker-and paid better wages, on average, than their POE peers from 2011 to**
**2019.** On average, they had lower revenue per worker than POEs over the same period. These results are
robust for the various SOE ownership degrees (i.e., minority and majority owned SOEs) and align with
other studies. In addition, the average SOE experienced higher job growth, investment, and labor
productivity growth but slower wage growth than the average POE over the same period. Nevertheless,
these growth effects are not uniform across the various ownership degrees.

employment Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sector size in economy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Industry effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Year effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Observations **[†]** 704 704 704 704 704 704 704 697 704 704 Within R-squared **[†]** 0.095 0.009 0.039 0.267 0.147 0.193 0.046 0.072 0.045 0.040 Source: World Bank staff analysis using Romania MoF firm-level data, 2011-2019.

<!-- PAGE 43 -->
Source: World Bank staff analysis using Romania MoF firm-level data from 2018 to 2020. The sample includes all firms. Growth is calculated as the difference between the values
in year t and t-1 divided by the average of the values in year t and t-1.

5 According to the World Bank Businesses of the State database, SOEs with at least 10% state ownership accounted for 3.6% of the formal employment as of 2019 in Romania.

(2022b) to supplement the World Bank BOS database.

World Bank Businesses of the State database

World Bank Businesses of the State database

World Bank Businesses of the State database


Input: The Global Student Performance Report (GSPR) provides valuable insights into educational outcomes across various countries. This dataset, covering the years 2018 to 2021, highlights trends in learning achievements and school enrollment rates. In particular, it includes detailed assessments from both urban and rural areas in Nigeria, making it a crucial resource for policymakers and educators aiming to improve educational strategies. The analysis of GSPR has been utilized by numerous international organizations to inform their educational programs and initiatives.


Input: The recent findings from the Regional Education Assessment (REA) 2022 have highlighted significant disparities in learning achievement across various regions. Conducted by the Southeast Education Bureau, this dataset provides critical insights into school enrollment rates from 2019 to 2021. The REA data, which encompasses countries within Southeast Asia, is being utilized by several educational NGOs for targeted interventions. Additionally, the Global School Enrollment Report 2021 (GSE 2021) focuses on enrollment trends in Sub-Saharan Africa, shedding light on the challenges faced in achieving universal education goals. The data highlights the enrollment figures from 2017 to 2020 and is a valuable resource for policymakers and researchers alike in addressing educational inequalities.

Regional Education Assessment
Global School Enrollment Report 2021

Southeast Education Bureau
educational NGOs


Input: The Climate Adaptation Report 2022, published by the Global Climate Institute, provides crucial insights into regional vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities across various nations. Complementary to this, the Disaster Risk Assessment Database (DRAD) compiled by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction offers a finer lens on disaster preparedness specifically within the Asia-Pacific region. Researchers at the International Disaster Emergency Agency have relied on both the Climate Adaptation Report (CAR) and the DRAD for their recent studies. Utilizing data from these datasets, they aim to formulate effective policies that enhance resilience to climate-related disasters, particularly focusing on the 2019–2023 timeframe. Both datasets contribute significantly to understanding the geographical disparities in climate impact, with particular emphasis on vulnerable countries such as Bangladesh and the Philippines.

Climate Adaptation Report 2022
Disaster Risk Assessment Database
Climate Adaptation Report

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

climate resilience and disaster risk reduction


Input: The Agricultural Development Assessment 2022 (ADA 2022) provided critical insights into crop yield improvements and food security in Southeast Asia. This dataset, published by the FAO, serves as a foundation for subsequent analyses conducted by various NGOs. For instance, Oxfam utilized the ADA 2022 to develop targeted interventions aimed at enhancing local farming practices. Furthermore, the Biodiversity and Nutrition Survey (BNS) data from 2019, also produced by the FAO, has been instrumental in shaping policies that promote sustainable agricultural practices. This survey charted essential relationships between biodiversity and dietary diversity across several countries in the region. Organizations like UNICEF have cited the BNS in their recent publications to support initiatives aimed at improving nutrition among vulnerable populations. Overall, the integration of these datasets fosters a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities within Southeast Asian agriculture.

Agricultural Development Assessment 2022

Agricultural Development Assessment 2022

Agricultural Development Assessment 2022

Agricultural Development Assessment 2022

Agricultural Development Assessment 2022

agriculture, food security, and nutrition


Input: The Global Trade and Competitiveness Index (GTCI) offers essential insights into how countries are performing in trade and industry sectors. Published by the International Trade Organization, this dataset is crucial for policymakers and researchers aiming to enhance economic competitiveness. The latest edition covers data from 2022, providing a snapshot of global trends and regional variances.

trade, industry, and economic competitiveness


Input: In recent analyses of energy access in Sub-Saharan Africa, the African Energy Data Initiative (AEDI) has provided valuable insights into energy consumption patterns from 2019 to 2021. This dataset, produced by the African Development Bank (AfDB), has been extensively used by various organizations, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), to enhance their reports on renewable energy transitions. Moreover, the Rural Electrification Assessment Report (REAR) 2020 serves as another critical dataset, published by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), which supports policy formulation in this sector. The REAR dataset has been cited in multiple studies, including those by the World Resources Institute (WRI), aiming to promote effective strategies for increasing access to renewable energy sources across rural communities in Nigeria.

African Energy Data Initiative
Rural Electrification Assessment Report

African Development Bank
United Nations Development Programme
International Renewable Energy Agency
World Resources Institute


Input:
**the gains made in recent years.** According to the World Bank Human Capital Index (HCI), if no
improvements in health and education service delivery take place, a Pakistani child born today is expected
to be only 40 percent as productive as s/he could be by age 18. With a large share of births taking place
outside health facilities (33.8 percent) and low immunization rates (65.6 percent), children are deprived
of a strong start to life. High rates of malnutrition and low learning outcomes contribute to the low HCI:
37.6 percent of children under age five are stunted; and learning poverty is very high with 75 percent of
Pakistani children not being able to read and understand a short age‐appropriate text by age 10.

4. **Pakistan has adopted a holistic approach to human capital accumulation and protecting human**

**capital is at the core of the country’s response plan to address the COVID‐19 pandemic.** The Government


Input: The analysis of climate adaptation strategies in South Asia has heavily relied on data from the South Asia Climate Resilience Survey (SACRS), which covers the years 2018 to 2020 and focuses specifically on the countries of Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. This extensive dataset, produced by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), offers valuable insights into regional vulnerabilities and adaptation processes. Additionally, the Climate Risk Assessment Database (CRAD) provides crucial information from 2015, particularly on flood risks in the Philippines. Although the CRAD has been utilized by various researchers, it is important to note that the dataset lacks a formally established acronym. Meanwhile, the Global Disaster Risk Reduction Framework Report (GDRRFR) encompasses data from the time period 2020-2023 and focuses on numerous countries globally, including vulnerable regions in Africa. This report is widely referenced by international agencies, thus enhancing its credibility and relevance.

Global Disaster Risk Reduction Framework Report

South Asia
Bangladesh
India
Nepal
Philippines
Africa

Global Disaster Risk Reduction Framework Report

Global Disaster Risk Reduction Framework Report

Global Disaster Risk Reduction Framework Report


Input: 4 single caregivers, are an extremely vulnerable group and especially so if principal applicant is a woman or girl. Moreover, poverty gaps between male and female principal applicant ’ s for these households remain after humanitarian assistance is received. To understand how gender differentiates the poverty experienced by the Syrian refugees, we use two UNHCR datasets: The Profile Global Registration System (ProGres) and Jordan Home Visits round 3 (JD ‐ HV). The ProGres database for Jordan includes information on refugees ’ registration since 1935. The registration process assigns refugees a unique registration number that serves as a reference for recording data at the initial registration and in all subsequent activities, including decisions on refugee status and right of return or resettlement in a third country, as applicable. UNHCR issues refugees residing in camps a ‘ proof of registration ’ document, which they hold while they remain there. For those who live outside the camp, UNHCR provides an asylum seeker certificate stating that those on the certificate are persons of concern. The asylum seeker certificate allows Syrians to access United Nations (UN) services and assistance provided outside the camps, such as monthly cash support, nonfood goods, and healthcare (NRC and IHRC 2016).


Input: In recent analyses of climate resilience strategies, the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) has published the Climate Adaptation Data Portal aimed at enhancing adaptive capacities in vulnerable regions. Additionally, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) utilized data from the National Disaster Risk Assessment to inform their recent report on disaster preparedness. These datasets play a pivotal role in understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change and disasters on communities worldwide.

Climate Adaptation Data Portal
National Disaster Risk Assessment

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction


Input: The Agricultural Productivity Assessment Report 2022 (APAR) highlights significant trends in farming output across various regions. Conducted by the Global Agriculture Organization, this dataset provides insights into productivity changes from 2020 to 2022, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Additionally, the Food Security Monitoring Dataset (FSMD) covers the period between 2019 and 2021, offering crucial data on food availability and access for vulnerable populations in Latin America. While the Food and Nutrition Program Evaluation Data (FNPE) has been pivotal in assessing dietary interventions, it does not have a specified geographic focus, emphasizing more on temporal changes between 2021 and 2023. Thus, these datasets collectively inform policy decisions, even as their geographic and temporal scopes vary.

Agricultural Productivity Assessment Report 2022

Food and Nutrition Program Evaluation Data

sub-Saharan Africa
Southeast Asia
Latin America

Agricultural Productivity Assessment Report 2022

Agricultural Productivity Assessment Report 2022

Agricultural Productivity Assessment Report 2022

Agricultural Productivity Assessment Report 2022

Food and Nutrition Program Evaluation Data

Food and Nutrition Program Evaluation Data

Food and Nutrition Program Evaluation Data


Input: The latest findings from the Global Poverty Assessment (GPA) conducted by the International Development Institute reveal significant advancements in poverty reduction efforts from 2018 to 2022. This data is utilized by various NGOs, including the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), to inform their programs aimed at alleviating child poverty in developing nations. The GPA provides a comprehensive overview of the poverty headcount across multiple regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the need for targeted interventions remains critical. Additionally, the World Bank's Inequality Measurement Database (IMD), showing data collected in 2020, is increasingly referenced by academic institutions for research purposes. Organizations like the Economic Policy Research Institute (EPRI) have based their analyses on this dataset to assess income inequality trends over the past decade.

Global Poverty Assessment
Inequality Measurement Database

International Development Institute
United Nations Children’s Fund
World Bank
Economic Policy Research Institute

poverty headcount and inequality measurement


Input:
42. **Subcomponent 3.2: Data Analysis and Visualization Platform (Competitively selected TPM Agency; US$0.73**

**million: US$0.30 million equivalent IDA [US$0.0 million IDA Grant and US$0.30 million WHR] and US$0.43**

**million Trust Funds [US$0.05 million SDTF and US$0.38 million MDTF]).** To facilitate data sharing and use, the
subcomponent will develop a data visualization and use platform (software) focusing on visual representations of
TPM and routine data, inclusive of BHI data. Linking of platforms, including DHIS2 and the HSF platform will be
integral to the work. The data visualization platform will include visualization of Results Framework data and other
core indicators from the HSSP, linking TPM and DHIS2 data using maps, charts, and graphs and will incorporate
HSF data along with the overlay of health and meteorologic data to better understand the impact of climatic
patterns on health. The platform will include analysis of health service delivery in refugee and host community
areas to facilitate improved health service delivery among the critical underserved populations. The development
of an integrated, institutionalized, and sustainable platform which will strengthen MoH systems will be
emphasized. Annex 2 provides further details on the platform.

43. **Subcomponent 3.3: Contract and Program Management Capacity Development (PMU; US$3.44 million: US$1.54**


Input:
Landscan Population Data. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory.
Hallegatte, S., Bangalore, M., Bonzanigo, L., Fay, M., Kane, T., Narloch, U., Rozenberg, J., Treguer, D., Vogt-
Schilb, A., 2016.

At the national-level analysis, we overlay the flood hazard maps developed for this study with spatial socioeconomic data. For Vietnam, the World Bank has produced estimates of the number of people within each district who live below the poverty line: this "poverty map" is displayed in Map 4a, and the full methodology can be found in (Lanjouw, Marra, and Nguyen 2013). In addition, we use gridded population density data with a 1km resolution from Landscan (Geographic Information Science and Technology 2015). This "population map" is displayed in Map 4b.

The spatial socioeconomic data set used for Ho Chi Minh City is a data set of potential slum areas and of urban expansion from 2000 to 2010, from the Platform for Urban Management and Analysis (PUMA), a city-level data set developed by the World Bank (World Bank 2015).This data was collected via satellite in the year 2012, through a combination of visual interpretation of various sources and vintages of imagery.

The inundation maps were used in an earlier flood risk study of HCMC (Lasage et al. 2014), and were
composed with the MIKE 11 hydraulic modeling software (DHI 2003).


Input: In the third (Rahim Yar Khan) there is a large difference, with the census reporting that 1 percent of all school-going children attended madrassas, and the LEAPS showing that the fraction is closer to 3. 7 percent (Table II). There are three potential explanations for this difference. First, the LEAPS data is not representative of the district and could be off the mark for districts with wide variation in madrassa enrollment across rural and urban samples. Second, the experience of the last five years could have varied dramatically across districts — in some, the enrollment fractions did not change and in others it increased substantially. Third, the data could point to systematic problems with the census estimates from certain districts, or the statistical problems that arise when we try to estimate low-probability events. 3. 3 Explaining the Differences A number of reasons could account for differences between the estimates presented here and those in the popular press. 1. Differences in the sampling unit. Our estimates are all based on household surveys — an interviewer goes to a household and asks about the enrollment status of every child. Some census estimates of home rather than religious schooling in the United States — the former ranges from 1 to 2 percent (Bauman 2001) while the latter is closer to 8 percent (National Center for Education Statistics, 2001). 10 In our own analysis, we find the quality of the data generated by the Federal Bureau of Statistics in Pakistan to be consistently high. We have used the FBS Census of Private Schools (PEIP, 2000) to guide our fieldwork and feasibility study for LEAPS and found it tallied with the situation on the ground quite well, even in remote villages.


Input:
The second source of data we draw on is a short survey on COVID-19 vaccination collected inperson as part of the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey (ESS 5), a nationally representative household survey that was implemented between April and June 2022 by the Ethiopia Statistical Service with support from the World Bank's LSMS program. This survey contained a similar module as the phone surveys and collected information on the vaccination status of all household members.

The source of administrative data for our study is the Our World in Data (OWID) COVID-19 vaccination dataset (Mathieu et al. 2021) that compiles administrative data on COVID-19 vaccine coverage. Amongst others, the dataset contains information on the number of total doses administered, the share of the country population that has received at least one dose, and the share of the population that is fully vaccinated. [3] It covers the period from December 2020 when the first COVID-19 vaccines achieved approval and is regularly updated as new data becomes available on a per-country basis. The data is compiled from country reports (such as government websites, dashboards, or the social media accounts of national authorities) and in some cases third-party aggregators (where national authorities do not publish data in a machine-readable format) and is regularly audited for inconsistencies and technical errors.

We additionally access a second source of administrative data stemming from the WHO's COVID19 vaccination dashboard (WHO 2020b). The dashboard does not provide longitudinal information for public access but reports the latest available COVID-19 vaccine coverage figures at the time of data access (April 2, 2023, in our case).

Lastly, we use data from the World Bank's Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI) available through the World Bank's Open Data library (World Bank n.d.). The SPI is a composite index between 0 - 100 scoring countries' statistical systems across the five pillars of data use, data services, data products, data sources, and data infrastructure (Dang et al. 2023). To capture the performance of administrative data systems in particular, we also use the SPI's indicator of administrative data capacity (Dimension 4.2) that records the availability of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS).

Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI)

Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI)

Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI)


Input: In assessing the educational outcomes in Latin America, the Learning Achievement Assessment (LAA) provides crucial insights from studies conducted between 2018 and 2021. This dataset, which focuses on student performance across multiple countries, is widely utilized by various organizations, including UNESCO, to inform policies aimed at improving education systems. Additionally, the School Enrollment Trends Report 2020 reveals significant data regarding enrollment rates and demographic changes in the region. The report is instrumental for regional governments as they strategize to enhance access to education. Overall, these findings emphasize the ongoing challenges and achievements in education within Latin America.

Learning Achievement Assessment
School Enrollment Trends Report 2020


Input: 12 though somewhat lower than that of the Turkish at 30- 50 percent. Child labor is also quite prevalent, though there have been extensive efforts made to ensure that refugee children attend school. 19 Publicly available information on refugees comes from an AFAD survey of 2, 700 households in June and July 2013. Figure 2, using data from AFAD (2013), provides an overview of the Syrian governorates from which the refugees to Turkey originated. The refugees primarily come from northwest Syria. The largest source regions are Aleppo (36 percent), Idleb (21 percent) al-Raqqah (11 percent), Lattakia (9 percent), and Hamah (8 percent). Consistent with travel distance being a good predictor of refugee flows to Turkey, 80 percent of respondents report that they chose to flee to Turkey, instead of another country, due to the ease of transportation. The refugees in Turkey, unlike the later 2015 refugee flows to Western Europe, are nearly 50 percent female. Slightly over 50 percent are minors (under the age of 18). These facts reflect that to large extent Syrian families fled to Turkey together.


Input: The Education Achievement Report 2022, published by the International Institute for Education Studies, provides a comprehensive overview of learning outcomes among primary school students across various regions. This report highlights significant disparities in school enrollment rates and achievement levels, emphasizing the need for targeted educational policies to improve outcomes in underserved communities.

International Institute for Education Studies

International Institute for Education Studies


Input: The East Africa Social Safety Nets Database (EASSND) provides comprehensive data on social protection programs implemented across the region. This dataset, published in 2022, spans several countries, including Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, offering insights into program effectiveness and coverage. While the World Bank has supported the establishment of this database, it is widely used by various NGOs and government agencies for policy formulation and evaluation. Notably, the EASSND includes data from 2018 to 2021, which reflects critical changes in social safety net strategies in response to regional challenges.

East Africa Social Safety Nets Database
EASSND

East Africa Social Safety Nets Database
EASSND


Input: The Poverty Assessment Report 2022, published by the International Development Agency (IDA), provides comprehensive insights into poverty headcount ratios across multiple regions. This report, which covers data for the years 2019 to 2022, has been notably utilized by the Economic Research Institute (ERI) to analyze the impacts of inequality on economic growth in various developing countries. The IDA's extensive work on poverty metrics, alongside the Poverty Assessment Report, is essential for policymakers aiming to mitigate inequality effectively. The findings highlight critical trends, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty remains prevalent despite recent economic advancements.

Poverty Assessment Report 2022
Poverty Assessment Report

International Development Agency
Economic Research Institute


Input:
approximated by wealth measured by the EMDHS asset index; and e)mothers' education. Note that the alternative

The asterisks indicate the significance level: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Standard errors in parentheses. Regressions take sample
design and household weights into account by using Stata's svy command. Data: EMDHS 2014.

2007 Census. The 2007 census has two formats - a long and a short format. The long format is richer in terms of

The Ethiopian census has both a short and a long form, and to increase model fit, the models use the long

observed in Ethiopia before, based on other data sets [30]. SAE results in addition to these variables are highly


Input: The recent Social Protection Assessment Report 2023 highlights crucial insights into the effectiveness of safety nets implemented across various countries. This comprehensive report, published by the Global Development Institute, offers valuable data on the impact of social protection programs implemented in the last year. Policymakers can utilize this information to enhance existing frameworks and address gaps in current strategies.

Social Protection Assessment Report 2023

Social Protection Assessment Report 2023


Input: In analyzing the effects of employment policies, the Employment Impact Study 2022 (EIS2022) provides critical insights into labor market trends across various regions. This dataset, published by the International Labor Organization (ILO), covers five key countries in East Africa, including Kenya and Uganda. Additionally, the Skills Development Assessment Report 2021 (SDAR2021) highlights the opportunities for workforce training and development in emerging economies. Although the SDAR2021 was produced independently, it has been referenced by several organizations focusing on vocational training initiatives.

Skills Development Assessment Report 2021

Skills Development Assessment Report 2021

Skills Development Assessment Report 2021

Skills Development Assessment Report 2021


Input: The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey (AFAD) provides information on the number of Syrian refugees. The numbers used in this paper are taken from Erdogan (2014), who draws on information from AFAD and the Ministry of Interior and reports the number of refugees by NUTS 2 subregion. To construct our instrument we use the Syrian Labor Force Survey for 2010 (the year before the beginning of the war). Finally, Google Maps was used to derive the travel distance between each governorate in Syria and the most populous city in each NUTS 2 subregion in Turkey. 14 Most recently, in January 2016, labor market access for Syrian refugees in Turkey was eased considerably. Importantly, they now can benefit from vocational training under the Turkish Employment Agency, employers will be able have to Syrians comprise up to 10 percent of their staff, and seasonal workers are exempted from the work permit, see http: / / www. resmigazete. gov. tr / eskiler / 2016 / 01 / 20160115-23. pdf. It is of course too early to evaluate the impact of these legislative changes. 15 Hurriyet Daily News (February 2015) http: / / www. hurriyetdailynews. com / turkey-urges-worlds-help-on- syrian-refugees-as-spending-reaches-6-billion. aspx? pageID = 238 & nID = 78951 & NewsCatID = 359. 16 Starting with 2014 there was a change in the design of the Household Labour Force Survey to ensure full compliance with European Union standards. This has caused some difficulty in making comparisons across years. However, our identification strategy does not use aggregate variation across years for identification and should hence be unaffected by the changes to the design of the survey.


Input:
**taxpayers** . Currently between 225 and
350 thousand refugees from Ukraine are estimated to be working in Poland. The lower bound is the number from social security data, while the higher bound is the product of employment rate from the surveys and working age population with active PESEL UKR numbers (Chapter 2).

Structural worker shortages, one of the lowest unemployment rates in the European Union, record high vacancies, and high education attainment of refugees eased their labour market integration. The number of Polish citizens aged 20-64 has declined by 2.6 million from its peak in early 2010. [7] Despite COVID-19 and geopolitical shocks, the unemployment rate oscillated in recent years around 3% in Poland, and in February 2022 only Czechia exhibited a lower rate in the EU. [8] In Q4‘2021 the share of companies reporting vacancies stood at 49%, the highest level on record, and has been slowly declining since then. [9] In July-August 2023, 56% of refugees declared possessing tertiary education and their employment rate has been almost one-third higher than for others. [10]

---
[7] According to the Labour Force Survey data from Eurostat.
[8] According to the harmonized unemployment rates from Eurostat.
[9] According to the quarterly NBP survey.
[10] According to the UNHCR (2023) survey.


Input: The recent findings from the National Agriculture Monitoring Survey (NAMS) conducted in 2022 provide crucial insights into crop yields and farmer livelihoods across the northern regions of Zambia. This dataset, published by the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), is essential for various stakeholders. For instance, UNICEF has utilized the NAMS data to enhance food security programs aimed at vulnerable households in rural areas. Additionally, the Agricultural and Food Security Assessment (AFSA) report for 2020, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), offers complementary insights on nutritional trends in the same geography. Both datasets contribute significantly to informing policy decisions and improving agricultural strategies in Zambia.

Agricultural and Food Security Assessment

Zambia Agricultural Research Institute
UNICEF
Food and Agriculture Organization

Agricultural and Food Security Assessment

Agricultural and Food Security Assessment

Agricultural and Food Security Assessment

Agricultural and Food Security Assessment


Input: The recently published Poverty Headcount Index Report 2022 reveals critical insights into income inequality across various regions. Conducted by the International Institute of Economic Studies, the report provides a comprehensive analysis of poverty rates, highlighting the disparities that exist within different demographic groups. This dataset has been instrumental for policymakers and researchers alike in addressing the challenges of poverty and economic inequality.

International Institute of Economic Studies

International Institute of Economic Studies


Input: The analysis of the manufacturing sector's performance in the recent years utilizes data compiled in the National Industrial Survey. This survey provides insights into production trends and employment figures across various industries, contributing to our understanding of economic competitiveness. Additionally, it sheds light on the challenges faced by manufacturers in adapting to technological advancements and shifts in market demand. Stakeholders in trade and policy can leverage these findings to inform decision-making and strategies for industry growth.


Input: The recent analysis of the Financial Management Assessment Report (FMAR) covering the years 2020 to 2022 highlights significant trends in domestic revenue collection across several regions. This report, conducted by the Ministry of Finance in Brazil, provides a detailed examination of taxation policies and public expenditure practices. Additionally, the Public Revenue Database 2019, which is utilized by various government agencies, offers insights into revenue generation strategies specifically tailored for the Latin American context. Meanwhile, the Revenue and Expenditure Survey (RES) from 2021 focuses on local government financial activities in Kenya, emphasizing the importance of accurate data for effective fiscal planning.

Financial Management Assessment Report
Public Revenue Database
Revenue and Expenditure Survey


Input: .77. One point of concern with these results is that there are many cases where there are multiple purchasers of insurance in a certain village in one year and then zero in the next year. Although this could be the result of people simply being unsatisfied with insurance, the large amount of villages that suddenly drop to zero purchasers is suspicious, especially since the BASIX data does not contain information about whether marketing activities took place in a given village in a given year. For all the villages that had purchasers in one year and then none in the next year, it is quite likely that no BASIX representative visited the village; therefore the customer did not really have a chance to purchase the insurance. If this was the case, it would make sense to exclude these villages from the analysis, as the previous year’s payout would have no way to possibly influence a customer’s purchase decision. In columns 3 and 4 I exclude villages that had no purchasers the following year from the analysis, creating what I call the “Marketing Restricted Sample.” Restricting the sample this way results in a drop of the number of observations from 10,977 to


Input: The recent findings from the National Learning Assessment (NLA) provide crucial insights into the educational achievements across various demographics within the country. Conducted in 2022, this comprehensive assessment evaluates student performance in reading and mathematics, primarily focusing on urban and rural schools in Kenya. These results offer valuable data for policymakers and educators aiming to improve learning outcomes. Source: Ministry of Education elaboration based on NLA data.


Input: The Climate Resilience Assessment Report 2022, produced by the Global Environmental Facility, provides valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on vulnerable regions. This report serves as a critical resource for policymakers and researchers aiming to develop adaptive strategies to mitigate risks associated with extreme weather events.

Climate Resilience Assessment Report 2022

Climate Resilience Assessment Report 2022


Input: The Economic Competitiveness Report (ECR) 2022 examines trade dynamics across various sectors. It highlights critical data patterns in the manufacturing and services industries, particularly within the Southeast Asia region. This report, produced by the International Trade Institute, provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance trade relations. Data from the ECR 2022 offers a comprehensive view of how regional economies adapt to global market changes, notably in response to recent economic shifts. Understanding these trends is vital for developing strategies that promote sustainable economic growth in the area.

Economic Competitiveness Report
ECR 2022


Input: The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) database, developed by the Global Environment Organization, provides crucial insights into the ecological footprints of various projects across different regions. Covering data from 2018 to 2022, this database is invaluable for policy makers and researchers striving to understand the implications of development activities on natural resources. The EIA database (EIA) is especially relevant for countries in Southeast Asia, where rapid industrialization poses significant environmental challenges. Analysts from numerous agencies have utilized this database to inform their environmental policies and strategic initiatives, making it a key resource in the field of environmental sustainability.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) database

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) database

environmental sustainability and natural resources


Input:
Landscan Population Data. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory.
Hallegatte, S., Bangalore, M., Bonzanigo, L., Fay, M., Kane, T., Narloch, U., Rozenberg, J., Treguer, D., Vogt-
Schilb, A., 2016.

At the national-level analysis, we overlay the flood hazard maps developed for this study with spatial socioeconomic data. For Vietnam, the World Bank has produced estimates of the number of people within each district who live below the poverty line: this "poverty map" is displayed in Map 4a, and the full methodology can be found in (Lanjouw, Marra, and Nguyen 2013). In addition, we use gridded population density data with a 1km resolution from Landscan (Geographic Information Science and Technology 2015). This "population map" is displayed in Map 4b.

The spatial socioeconomic data set used for Ho Chi Minh City is a data set of potential slum areas and of urban expansion from 2000 to 2010, from the Platform for Urban Management and Analysis (PUMA), a city-level data set developed by the World Bank (World Bank 2015).This data was collected via satellite in the year 2012, through a combination of visual interpretation of various sources and vintages of imagery.

The inundation maps were used in an earlier flood risk study of HCMC (Lasage et al. 2014), and were
composed with the MIKE 11 hydraulic modeling software (DHI 2003).

Platform for Urban Management and Analysis (PUMA)

Platform for Urban Management and Analysis (PUMA)


Input: In recent evaluations, the Learning Achievement Survey (LAS) conducted in 2022 for Southeast Asia has provided critical insights into student performance across the region. This data, published by the International Educational Development (IED), was particularly useful for policymakers aiming to strengthen educational frameworks. Additionally, the School Enrollment Statistics (SES) 2021 report reveals significant trends in enrollment rates in primary education for countries such as Vietnam and Thailand. Notably, the SES dataset serves as a vital resource for researchers analyzing educational access in various geographies. The findings from the National Educational Assessment Study (NEAS) 2019 have been widely cited in literature, showcasing the importance of longitudinal data in assessing educational outcomes.

Learning Achievement Survey
School Enrollment Statistics
National Educational Assessment Study


Input:
Of all countries in the World Bank's WDI, only 60%
(40% of the analyzed countries) had an inflation figure for the most recent 2019-2020 period. The IFS
data reported similarly on only half of the countries. This was last checked on August 31, 2021; WDI
data identifier FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, and IFS data identifier PCPI ~~P~~ C ~~P~~ P ~~P~~ T.

The paper highlights the new price monitoring capabilities using surveys from the World Food Programme (WFP) gathered in 25 fragile and conflict-affected countries.

Subnational food prices have been surveyed in many countries for years by
humanitarians to inform their country operations. Well-known data bases are
those from the WFP, FEWS NET and the Food and Agricultural Organization
(FAO). [6] The paper focuses on raw monthly data from the WFP, but parts of the
discussion, and particularly the methods developed here, could apply to similar
data sets. [7]

The paper gathered all end-of-August data available from the WFP Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) unit as of September 21, 2021.


Input: Female Male Figure 7.13: Share with friends in Ethiopia by demographic group Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Markets and Opportunities 69 Despite the generally positive attitudes described, social integration—measured by the friends and family refugees have in Ethiopia—is low. Only 7 percent of refugees report having family in Ethiopia, and 25 percent report having an Ethiopian friend outside the refugee camp. This rate is slightly higher among OCP refugees in Addis Ababa but still relatively low at 11 for having family and 31 percent for having a friend. The share with Ethiopian friends is higher for men, but similar across age groups (though lower for refugees over age 64). This masks some variation across domains; refugees under age 30 are likely to have friends than older refugees in the Eritrean and South Sudan domains. In contrast, refugees under age 30 are less likely to have friends in Addis Ababa. Many refugees report that social interactions and sharing resources with hosts is “not easy,” especially in the South Sudanese domain. Overall, 30 percent of refugees say it is not easy to have social interactions with hosts, and 34 percent report that it is challenging to share resources such


Input: The analysis relies on the Family Planning Survey (FPS) conducted in 2020 across East Africa, highlighting significant trends in contraceptive use. This survey provides essential insights for policymakers and was produced by the Regional Health Institute (RHI). Additionally, the Demographic Trends Assessment (DTA) 2019/21 offers a comprehensive overview of population growth patterns in urban areas of Kenya. These datasets serve as critical tools for understanding the demographic shifts in the region and are frequently cited by local governmental bodies for informed decision-making.

Family Planning Survey
Demographic Trends Assessment


Input: Economics of Disasters and Climate Change Barrett A, McIntosh R, Pritchard M, Hannan M, Alam Z, Marks M (2013) Asset Values: Why Are Some Households Doing Better than Others? Chars Livelihood Program Ceola S, Laio F, Montanari A (2014) Satellite nighttime lights reveal increasing human exposure to floods [worldwide. Geophys Res Lett 41(20):7184–7190. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061859](https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061859) Chinh DT, Dung NV, Gain AK, Kreibich H (2017) Flood loss models and risk analysis for private households in can Tho City. Vietnam Water 9:313 De Lay S (2011) Slums in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Global Cities 2011. [http://hochiminhcity2011.jimdo.](http://hochiminhcity2011.jimdo.com/slums/) [com/slums/](http://hochiminhcity2011.jimdo.com/slums/) Del Valle, Alejandro et al. (2018) The Short-Term Economic Impact of Tropical Cyclones: Satellite Evidence from Guangdong Province. Econ Dis Climate Chang 1–11 DHI (2003) MIKE 11 - A Modelling System for Rivers and Channels. Short Introduction Tutorial. Water and Environment Fay M (2005) The Urban Poor in Latin America. Directions in Development - General. The World Bank. [http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/0-8213-6069-8](http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/0-8213-6069-8) FIM (2013) Final Report, Volume 2, Integrated Flood Management Strategy. Ho Chi Minh City Flood and Inundation Management Geographic Information Science and Technology (2015) Landscan Population Data. Oak Ridge National Laboratory [GFDRR (2015) Country Profile - Vietnam. https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/region/VN.pdf](https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/region/VN.pdf) Goeschl T, Managi S (2017) Public in-kind relief

Geographic Information Science and Technology

Geographic Information Science and Technology


Input: 21 Table 6: Percentage of displaced individuals deprived in selected indicators by gender Ethiopia South Sudan Sudan Male Female Male Female Male Female Years of schooling 55 78 * * * 36 63 * * * 32 46 * * * School attendance 16 19 * * 21 29 23 23 Early marriage 3 13 * * * 8 75 * * * 6 50 * * * Unemployment 7 5 * * * 2 0 * 3 3 Legal id 45 46 48 74 * * * 10 10 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). Asterisks indicate statistical significance of mean differences between male and female at 1 % * * *, 5 % * * and 10 % * levels. Returning to patterns of household headship, Figure 5 breaks down the variation in censored headcount ratios among refugee households in Ethiopia, depending on the gender of the household head.


Input: The imputation of income poverty is done using the Turkish Labor Force Survey (LFS), and with information and modeling parameters determined from the Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC). More details and validation of this methodology is discussed throughout this paper. While explicit identification of Syrians in available surveys is not feasible, there is evidence of an increase in the amount of foreign-born individuals that is being captured in the LFS. The arrival year of foreign-born migrants is available in the data which allows for identification of “ Settled Migrants ” and “ Recent Migrants ”. The latter is used as a proxy for Syrian refugees for the purposes of this paper. National official surveys that are conducted under-report the refugee population. Yet, since about 10 percent of Syrian refugees are in camps and the remaining are residing throughout the country, it is not surprising that they are accessible to interviews by the LFS. Despite data limitations, there are strong and significant trends in the poverty rates for the recent foreign- born, especially for those near the Syrian border. In 2013, recent migrants near the Syrian border were the poorest group4 in Turkey. While this statistic in itself is not initially surprising, fluctuating welfare trends of recent migrants over time is noteworthy.


Input: 4 single caregivers, are an extremely vulnerable group and especially so if principal applicant is a woman or girl. Moreover, poverty gaps between male and female principal applicant ’ s for these households remain after humanitarian assistance is received. To understand how gender differentiates the poverty experienced by the Syrian refugees, we use two UNHCR datasets: The Profile Global Registration System (ProGres) and Jordan Home Visits round 3 (JD ‐ HV). The ProGres database for Jordan includes information on refugees ’ registration since 1935. The registration process assigns refugees a unique registration number that serves as a reference for recording data at the initial registration and in all subsequent activities, including decisions on refugee status and right of return or resettlement in a third country, as applicable. UNHCR issues refugees residing in camps a ‘ proof of registration ’ document, which they hold while they remain there. For those who live outside the camp, UNHCR provides an asylum seeker certificate stating that those on the certificate are persons of concern. The asylum seeker certificate allows Syrians to access United Nations (UN) services and assistance provided outside the camps, such as monthly cash support, nonfood goods, and healthcare (NRC and IHRC 2016).


Input: In recent assessments, the International Labor Organization (ILO) has made significant use of the Global Employment Trends Database to analyze labor market fluctuations across different regions. The database serves as a critical resource for understanding employment patterns and developing policies aimed at job creation.


Input: The South Asian Trade Assessment Report 2022 provides a comprehensive analysis of trade dynamics and economic competitiveness in the region. This report, developed by the South Asia Economic Forum (SAEF), covers various aspects of trade relations among member countries between 2018 and 2022, highlighting trends and forecasts. Analysts from various organizations have utilized this dataset to explore the implications of trade policies in the context of regional cooperation, yet some critiques question the depth of the analysis due to possible data limitations. The findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring of trade patterns to inform policy decisions.

South Asian Trade Assessment Report 2022

South Asian Trade Assessment Report 2022

South Asian Trade Assessment Report 2022

South Asian Trade Assessment Report 2022

South Asian Trade Assessment Report 2022


Input: The Regional Employment Trends Report 2022 (RETR) provides valuable insights into the labor market dynamics across East Africa, highlighting changes in employment rates and skills development over the past year. The data was collected through surveys conducted in Kenya and Uganda, enabling a comprehensive analysis of regional trends and disparities. The RETR dataset is widely used by policymakers and researchers for evidence-based decision-making, particularly in addressing youth unemployment challenges in these countries. Additionally, the report incorporates findings from the National Skills Development Assessment 2021, which specifically focuses on skills gaps in the workforce and is crucial for informing training programs. These datasets are instrumental in shaping employment policies and strategies aimed at promoting sustainable economic growth in the region.

National Skills Development Assessment 2021

National Skills Development Assessment 2021

National Skills Development Assessment 2021

National Skills Development Assessment 2021

National Skills Development Assessment 2021

National Skills Development Assessment 2021


Input: In recent discussions about the effectiveness of social protection programs, the findings from the National Social Safety Net Assessment provided crucial insights. This assessment highlights the various challenges faced by vulnerable populations and the need for targeted interventions. Analysts noted that understanding the distribution of resources is vital for enhancing program outcomes. Stakeholders have called for more comprehensive evaluations to inform policy adjustments and improve the overall impact of these safety nets.


Input: The Global Urban Land Use Change Database (GULUCD) from 2018 provides crucial insights into urbanization patterns across various regions. This database, published by the Urban Development Institute (UDI), has been utilized extensively by the Environmental Research Agency (ERA) in their recent studies on climate impacts. Meanwhile, the Rural Land Monitoring Survey (RLMS) 2020, also produced by UDI, focuses on agricultural land usage trends and is referenced in reports by the Food Security Council (FSC). As these organizations leverage the rich datasets, the importance of inter-agency collaboration in sustainable land management continues to grow.

Global Urban Land Use Change Database
Rural Land Monitoring Survey

Urban Development Institute
Environmental Research Agency
Food Security Council


Input: 29 evaluations have been conducted (Renton et al., 2000; Shaw, 2000; Shaw, 2002a; Shaw, 2002b; Paine et al., 2002; White, Greene and Murphy, 2003; Interagency working Group, 2003). For example, the Medical Research Council (from the United Kingdom) conducted an external evaluation of program effectiveness in the Gambia using key informant interviews, focus groups, and a KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) survey in four villages, including two program sites and two controls. That study found that the Gambia program improved self-reported attitudes and behaviors related to violence against women. Specifically, the program reduced the social acceptability of wife-beating at the community level and appeared to produce a corresponding drop in that behavior. Qualitative findings from other Stepping Stones sites suggest similar benefits. Program H (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico and Peru) is being carried out by four NGOs. It aims to change gender norms and sexual behaviors in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico and Peru (Barker, 2003; White, Green and Murphy, 2003; Guedes, 2004).

KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) survey

Medical Research Council
the Gambia program

KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) survey

KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) survey


Input: The Water and Sanitation Assessment Report 2022 provides critical insights into the availability of clean water sources across various regions. This comprehensive analysis, produced by the Global Water Institute, aims to inform policy decisions and improve water access worldwide.

Water and Sanitation Assessment Report 2022

Water and Sanitation Assessment Report 2022


Input: The study will conduct an ex-ante micro- simulation using pre-crisis household data (IHSES 2012) and macroeconomic projections for 2014 to gauge the distributional impact of the crises across groups (e. g. individuals and / or households, sectors, IDPs and host communities) and space (e. g. urban / rural, governorates).  The Economic and Social Impact Assessment for Kurdistan Region of Iraq [completed in 2015] provides an analysis of the impact of displaced people on access to and quality of service delivery across several sectors.  The Lebanon Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Syria Conflict [completed in 2013] provides an analysis of the impact of displaced people on access to and quality of service delivery across several sectors.  The Bank and UNHCR undertook a welfare assessment of Syrian refugees living in Jordan and Lebanon [completed in 2016] focusing on welfare, poverty and vulnerability.


Input: The recent Fertility and Population Growth Assessment Report 2022, published by the National Statistics Agency, provides insightful data on demographic changes in urban regions. This report has been extensively used by the Population Research Institute to analyze trends affecting urban fertility rates. Furthermore, the Global Demographic Data (GDD) database, which is maintained by the World Population Foundation, offers a comprehensive view of population statistics across various countries from 2015 to 2020. The World Health Organization has cited GDD in its recent publications to underscore the importance of understanding population dynamics in health policies. Together, these datasets form a critical backbone for demographic research in contemporary urban studies.

Fertility and Population Growth Assessment Report 2022

National Statistics Agency
Population Research Institute
World Population Foundation
World Health Organization

Fertility and Population Growth Assessment Report 2022

Fertility and Population Growth Assessment Report 2022


Input: The recent study on social safety nets analyzed the data from the 2020 Global Social Protection Report (GSPR) published by the International Labour Organization (ILO) focusing on the effects of cash transfers in sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, the 2021 Household Economic Survey (HES) from Nigeria provided valuable insights into the socio-economic conditions of vulnerable populations. Both datasets, alongside the World Bank's Social Safety Nets Database (SSNDB), which covers data from 2015 to 2022, serve as essential resources for policymakers and researchers alike. The SSNDB is particularly notable for its comprehensive coverage of social protection programs in various countries, enhancing understanding of social support mechanisms at a global scale.

Global Social Protection Report
Household Economic Survey
Social Safety Nets Database

International Labour Organization
World Bank


Input: Table 2: Ethnic composition of IDPs, refugees, returnees in the North Ethnicity IDPs in Bamako (%) Refugees Niger (%) Refugees Mauritania (%) Returnees (%) Total I + R + R (%) Ethnic composition of the North (%) Songhai 75 21- 71 43 45 Kel Tamasheq 12 56 69 12 38 32 Arab 3- 28 4 11 3 Peulh 4 21- 6 4 7 Other 6 11 3 7 4 12 Total (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total (n) 100 81 100 220 501 1, 268, 009 Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014 and 2009 Population and Housing Census. The ethnic composition of IDPs and returnees is almost identical. This is a reflection of the fact that 94 % of returnees were displaced within Mali. Only 6 % returned from outside the country. The reason why few returned refugees are in the returnee sub-sample is explained by their place of residence prior to the crisis: only 5 % of the refugees in Mauritania and Niger lived in Timbuktu town before their displacement; 2 % lived in Gao town and 1 % in Kidal town. The remaining 92 % lived in 27 different towns and villages in northern Mali, locations not covered by the survey.


Input: The East African Public Finance Management Survey (EAPFMS) conducted in 2022 provides valuable insights into the fiscal policies of the region. This comprehensive analysis focuses on countries like Kenya and Uganda, helping to assess domestic revenue generation strategies. The survey, utilized by various governmental organizations, highlights the challenges faced in optimizing resource allocation. The findings are expected to inform future reforms in public finance management across East Africa.

East African Public Finance Management Survey

East African Public Finance Management Survey

East African Public Finance Management Survey

East African Public Finance Management Survey

East African Public Finance Management Survey

East African Public Finance Management Survey


Input: Economics of Disasters and Climate Change vulnerability even as the climate change hazard increases (Hallegatte et al. 2016). Along these lines, while we examine which regions within Vietnam have the highest flood exposure, we do not examine the determinants of vulnerability (other than poverty). Recent analyses suggest that the Northwest, Central Highlands, and Mekong River Delta have the greatest socioeconomic vulnerability (World Bank 2010). In the flood hazard maps developed for this paper, we assume no protection due to a lack of data and as a result the hazard maps present an upper bound of flood exposure. Work is currently ongoing to develop a global database of flood protection, and this information can be mobilized for future work (Scussolini et al. 2016). For the national-level analysis, flooded areas are defined as any area with inundation higher than 0. We have not yet explored the depth dimension, although the flood hazard maps developed for this study allow for this potential in future work. For the HCMC analysis, the location of the slum areas in the PUMA data set are mainly restricted to the old town. Furthermore, slum areas are often difficult to define (with PUMA only identifying potential slums) and the


Input: The Urban Infrastructure Assessment Report 2022, published by the Global Urban Development Organization (GUDO), provides a comprehensive overview of urban transport projects across various cities. This assessment has been extensively utilized by the International Transportation Forum (ITF) for their recent publication on sustainable urban mobility solutions. Additionally, the report covers data specific to the metropolitan areas of Brazil, which highlights the pressing need for enhanced public transport options in the region. The ITF's usage of the GUDO report underscores the collaborative effort in addressing urban transportation challenges.

Urban Infrastructure Assessment Report 2022

Global Urban Development Organization
International Transportation Forum

Urban Infrastructure Assessment Report 2022

Urban Infrastructure Assessment Report 2022

Urban Infrastructure Assessment Report 2022

Urban Infrastructure Assessment Report 2022

urban infrastructure and transportation planning


Input: 33 In school: an indicator for whether the respondent currently attends regular education (schooling). This does not preclude also being employed. Retired: an indicator for a respondent who declares that they are not engaged in job search because they are retired. Full / part-time employment: an indicator for whether a person works full or part-time for all people in private sector employment (see above definition of employment). Full-time employment is defined as usual working hours of 30 or more hours per week, part-time employment as usual working hours of less than 30 hours per week. We do not use the indicator provided in the LFS data since there seems to be some confusion in which category 30 hours per week falls (with these evenly divided between full and part-time). Education: we classify people into three education categories. Low education is defined as those with no completed formal education. Medium education is defined as those with at least completed primary education but no high school completion. Higher education is defined as people who have at least completed high school.


Input:
Annual grid-level GDP data between 1990 and 2014 at a 0.5-degree resolution come from Kummu, Taka
and Guillaume (2018). The data are primarily based on sub-national GDP per capita data constructed by
Gennaioli, _et al._ (2013) and covers 82 countries, representing 85% of the global population and 92% of
global total GDP (PPP) in 2015. Population data is taken from HYDE 3.2 (Klein, Beusen and Janssen 2010).

we use World Bank income group classifications to divide the world into developing countries (that includes low-income, lower-middle and upper-middle income countries), and high-income countries.

We also use the Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration Climate Database (Trabucco and Zomer 2019) to differentiate grid cells based on their aridity.


Input: The Digital Connectivity Survey (DCS) conducted by the Global Tech Institute in 2022 highlights various aspects of internet access and usage across different demographics. This survey, which aims to assess technology adoption in low-income regions, particularly focuses on Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, the Tech Adoption Assessment Report 2023, published by the International Development Agency, provides an in-depth analysis of the shifts in technology use influenced by economic factors. The findings from both datasets are expected to guide policy recommendations for improving digital infrastructure in emerging economies. Source: Global Tech Institute, elaboration based on DCS.

Digital Connectivity Survey
Tech Adoption Assessment Report 2023

Global Tech Institute
International Development Agency

digital development and technology adoption


Input: The Global Migration Trends Report 2022 presents significant insights into patterns of forced displacement and migration worldwide. Compiled by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), this report offers a comprehensive overview of the demographic shifts that have occurred over the past year, highlighting regions most affected by these changes.

International Organization for Migration

International Organization for Migration


Input: 80 100 Addis Hosts Male Addis Refugees Male Addis Hosts Female Addis Refugees Female Self-employed Employee Public NGO/RRS Private household Unpaid Percent Figure 3.23: Work type by gender Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Addis Hosts Male Addis Refugees Male Addis Hosts Female Addis Refugees Female Elementary occupations Machine operators/assemblers Craf/related trade workers Skilled agricultural workers Service/sales workers Clerical support workers Tech/associate professionals Managers/professionals Percent Figure 3.24: Occupation Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Addis Hosts Male Addis Refugees Male Addis Hosts Female Addis Refugees Female Elementary occupations Machine operators/assemblers Craf/related trade workers Skilled agricultural workers Service/sales workers Clerical support workers Tech/associate professionals Managers/professionals Percent Figure 3.25: Occupation among completed secondary or more Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Jobs and Livelihoods 37 These results indicate that the OCP model is not ideal for refugees’ labor market inclusion. Few refugees primarily enroll through an existing formal employer; thus, the OCP is mainly open to refugees with networks that can support them with remittances, and this makes these households less likely to work


Input: The Industrial Performance Index (IPI) provides comprehensive insights into the competitiveness of various sectors in the economy. This dataset, published by the Economic Research Agency, analyzes metrics such as productivity, innovation, and trade performance across multiple regions. The findings from the IPI are crucial for policymakers aiming to enhance industrial growth and economic resilience.


Input: The Global Agriculture Monitoring Survey (GAMS) conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in 2022 provides critical insights into crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa. These findings are instrumental for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which utilized the GAMS data to inform its Global Food Security Assessment 2023 report. Additionally, the FAO has collaborated with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), which published the Rural Development Impact Report (RDIR) covering the period from 2019 to 2021. These datasets collectively enhance understanding of food security trends across developing regions.

Global Food Security Assessment 2023 report

International Food Policy Research Institute

International Fund for Agricultural Development

International Food Policy Research Institute

International Fund for Agricultural Development

Global Food Security Assessment 2023 report

Global Food Security Assessment 2023 report


Input: Recent analyses have highlighted the importance of macroeconomic trends in shaping financial inclusion strategies across different contexts. According to the Economic Dynamics Report 2022, there are significant variations in how economic indicators influence access to financial services for underserved populations. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that hinder or facilitate financial inclusion, offering valuable insights for policymakers and researchers alike.

macroeconomic trends and financial inclusion


Input: The JLMPS sample is restricted, after matching it to the 2010 school census, to individuals born in Jordan who are aged 25 to 70 in 2010 and who have nonmissing information on age, subdistrict of birth, years of schooling, father ’ s schooling, mother ’ s schooling, and local supply of schools in subdistrict of birth. 9 These exclusions resulted in a sample of 4, 139 males and 4, 131 females, which are referred to as the male and female full samples, respectively. 7. Because of the absence of annual estimates of subdistrict populations, the population used to normalize the supply of schooling at the subdistrict level is the 2004 population of the subdistrict. There are 86 subdistricts in Jordan. If subdistrict populations are growing at different rates, this could introduce some measurement error of the true supply of schooling available to different cohorts. 8. Secondary schools include both general and vocational secondary schools. Public schools include schools under the jurisdiction of: (i) Ministry of Education, (ii) Ministry of Higher Education, (iii) Ministry of Defense, (iv) Ministry of Social Development, (v) Ministry of Religious Endowments (Awqaf), and (vi) UNRWA. 9. The original sample size of all individuals who are aged 25 to 70 years in 2010 and are born in Jordan is 8, 312 observations. The sample restrictions on the missing values result in the exclusion of 34 observations (missing age), 1 observation (missing father ’ s schooling), and 7 observations (missing mother ’ s schooling).


Input: The recent Comprehensive Demographic Assessment Report 2022 provides crucial insights into population trends and fertility rates across various regions. Published by the National Institute of Statistics, this report is an essential resource for policymakers and researchers who aim to address demographic challenges in their areas of focus.

Comprehensive Demographic Assessment Report 2022

Comprehensive Demographic Assessment Report 2022


Input: agricultural extension officers from MoA. (b) **Co-investments in subprojects.** While all eligible farmers and cooperatives will receive TA, only a subset will receive investment from the project for assets or working capital. Eligible farmers will be incentivized to apply for financing through well-organized cooperatives, common interest groups or producer groups. Eligibility criteria might include (i) businesses already operating with well-maintained financial records, (ii) climate-smart business plan, (iii) potential demand for products or services, (iv) financial viability and technical feasibility of business plan, (v) willingness to take up climate adaptation and mitigation measures, and (vi) preference for women and youth. Precise selection criteria will be developed by the service provider in consultation with local officials from the MoA, with proposals screened by a committee of local sector experts. Up to 70 percent of business proposals will be funded through the project. The co-investee farmers or cooperatives will receive additional technical support on the operation and maintenance of purchased assets. A grants’ manual will be developed. 36 World Bank. 2023. _Zambia Gender Assessment_ . 37 Finscope Survey 2020 and in-person consultations at Meheba settlement 2022/23. Page 19


Input: interactions between hosts and refugees may help improve hosts’ attitudes (Betts et al., 2023). In some contexts, refugee inflows have been found to harden in-group identification and increase support for ideological extremes. This was the case with refugee inflows in Denmark, for instance, but only in rural areas (Dustmann et al., 2019). On the other hand, refugees hosted in Austrian municipalities for extended periods, as opposed to those who passed through, were found to reduce support for anti-immigrant parties, pointing to the benefits of refugee-host interactions (Steinmayr, 2021). All-in-all, there is little evidence that refugee hosting tends to worsen attitudes toward refugees in the Global South (World Bank, 2023b). 7.1 Attitudes between refugees and hosts SESRE data show that, while some hosts have negative attitudes towards refugees, most attitudes are generally positive. Sixty-five percent of hosts agree that refugees are friendly and good people, and only 20 percent are uncomfortable with having a refugee neighbor. This is an important finding, highlighting the potential for integration policies. Host attitudes are generally most favorable in the Somali region and most negative around South Sudanese camps; the share not comfortable with having a refugee neighbor increases to 37 percent in the South Sudanese


Input:
UNHCR
 ProGres
 data
 on
 the
 83,044
 registered
 refugees
 in
 Thailand
 indicates
 an
estimated
 84
 per
 cent
 are
 ethnic
 Karen
 and
 12
 per
 cent
 are
 ethnic
 Karenni.
 The
remaining
 4
 per
 cent
 are
 of
 Burman,
 Shan,
 and
 Mon
 descent,
 and
 other
 groups.
 The
majority
 of
 registered
 refugees
 come
 from
 Kayin
 State
 (65.3
 per
 cent),
 followed
 by
Kayah
 (14.6
 per
 cent),
 Tanintharyi
 (7.3
 per
 cent),
 Bago
 (5.2
 per
 cent)
 and
 Mon
 (5
 per
cent).
 (Annex:
 Myanmar
 Thailand
 Border
 –
 Refugee
 Overview,
 as
 of
 end
 of
 March
 2013)


Input: The Urban Mobility Assessment 2022 published by the City Analytics Institute provides crucial insights into public transportation trends in urban areas. This data is extensively used by the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for its strategic development plans. Additionally, the Global Urban Infrastructure Database (GUID) released in 2021 contains comprehensive datasets on urban infrastructure projects across various countries. The World Infrastructure Network relies on the GUID to inform their reports on global urban development. Lastly, the Urban Transport Survey (UTS) 2020 offers detailed statistics on urban transit systems in Southeast Asia, which are utilized by the Southeast Asia Transport Forum to better understand transportation challenges in the region.

Urban Mobility Assessment 2022
Global Urban Infrastructure Database
Urban Transport Survey

City Analytics Institute
Metropolitan Planning Organization
World Infrastructure Network
Southeast Asia Transport Forum


Input: The analysis of gender disparities in the workforce relies heavily on the 2022 Global Gender Equality Survey (GGES), conducted across various regions. This dataset, produced by the International Labor Organization (ILO), covers data from multiple countries, including Brazil and Kenya, providing insights into women's economic participation. The findings highlight critical trends over time, such as the increasing wage gap from 2018 to 2022. Additionally, the Women's Economic Empowerment Assessment Report 2021 (WEA Report) has been utilized by several NGOs to design programs aimed at improving economic opportunities for women in rural areas. This report focuses on the specific challenges faced by women in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, offering a comprehensive look at the barriers to economic equality that persist today.

Women's Economic Empowerment Assessment Report 2021

Brazil
Kenya
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

Women's Economic Empowerment Assessment Report 2021

Women's Economic Empowerment Assessment Report 2021

Women's Economic Empowerment Assessment Report 2021

Women's Economic Empowerment Assessment Report 2021

gender equality and women's economic empowerment


Input: 4 The only publicly available sources of data to document patterns of enrollment and available educational options for Pakistani families are household-based surveys. These are the official 1998 Census of Population (Government of Pakistan) 3, the 1991, 1998, and 2001 rounds of the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey4, and a 2003 census of schooling choice conducted by our research team. The fact that three sources use different definitions of madrassa enrollment, and were collected at different times by individuals with very different institutional affiliations provides independent verification of enrollment estimates and allows us to determine the sensitivity of our results. The household data tell us whether a child is enrolled full-time in a madrassa, but not whether a child goes for an hour on any given day to study the Quran. Therefore this data does not confound full-time with part-time attendees — a child who attends a public school during the day and a madrassa in the evening is recorded as enrolled in a public school. This is an important distinction since parents might use a modicum of madrassa or mosque based education to teach their children about religion. Consequently, if we contrast these household-based numbers with numbers from establishment-based reports, discrepancies can arise. From virtually any policy perspective, including evening quran classes in enrollment figures seems misguided.


Input: 4 single caregivers, are an extremely vulnerable group and especially so if principal applicant is a woman or girl. Moreover, poverty gaps between male and female principal applicant ’ s for these households remain after humanitarian assistance is received. To understand how gender differentiates the poverty experienced by the Syrian refugees, we use two UNHCR datasets: The Profile Global Registration System (ProGres) and Jordan Home Visits round 3 (JD ‐ HV). The ProGres database for Jordan includes information on refugees ’ registration since 1935. The registration process assigns refugees a unique registration number that serves as a reference for recording data at the initial registration and in all subsequent activities, including decisions on refugee status and right of return or resettlement in a third country, as applicable. UNHCR issues refugees residing in camps a ‘ proof of registration ’ document, which they hold while they remain there. For those who live outside the camp, UNHCR provides an asylum seeker certificate stating that those on the certificate are persons of concern. The asylum seeker certificate allows Syrians to access United Nations (UN) services and assistance provided outside the camps, such as monthly cash support, nonfood goods, and healthcare (NRC and IHRC 2016).


Input: In recent years, the Global Displacement Report (GDR) has provided crucial insights into the challenges faced by refugees and internally displaced persons. The 2022 edition of the report covers worldwide displacement trends, focusing on the increased numbers due to conflicts and climate change. This report, utilized by various humanitarian organizations, highlights the urgent need for targeted policies and assistance in regions such as East Africa and the Middle East. With its comprehensive data analysis, the GDR continues to serve as a vital resource for understanding forced migration dynamics.


Input: Figure 3: Ethnic Fractionalization and Ethnic Polarization Ethnicity. A major task for the construction of our dataset is the combining of data on ethnicity from various sources. Indeed, linking ethnic groups is challenging as ethnic identities are socially constructed and there are different definitions, categorizations, and even conceptual approaches when it comes to identifying ethnicities in various databases or scientific disciplines. This makes the task of treating, combining, and analyzing ethnicities extremely daunting as it requires substantial back- ground knowledge on hundreds of ethnicities and a manual treatment would inevitably lead to incon- sistencies, errors of manipulation, and / or subjective choices. Fortunately, we can rely on the Linking Ethnic Data from Africa (LEDA) open-source software package constructed by M ¨ uller-Crepon et al. (2020), which contains a full pipeline to link ethnic datasets from Africa in a consistent and replicable way. We obtain ethnicities of refugees from the EPR-ER dataset, while the ethnicities of individuals in the hosting areas stem from the Afrobarometer.

Afrobarometer
M ¨ uller-Crepon et al. (2020)


Input: The Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022, produced by the International Economic Forum (IEF), provides a comprehensive analysis of trade patterns in developing countries. This report highlights vital indicators and trends that have been utilized by various NGOs, including the Global Trade Initiative (GTI), for their recent projects aimed at enhancing trade efficiency. The assessment covers regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, making the findings particularly relevant for policymakers in these areas. Source: IEF elaboration based on Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022.

Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022

International Economic Forum
Global Trade Initiative

Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022

Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022

Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022

Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022

Economic Competitiveness Assessment Report 2022


Input: The Digital Connectivity Assessment 2022, conducted by the Global Tech Initiative, provides critical insights into internet access across various regions. This comprehensive dataset, often referred to as DCA2022, analyzes connectivity trends in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Despite the extensive coverage, it highlights significant disparities in digital adoption in rural areas. Another valuable resource is the Technology Impact Survey (TIS) 2021, which was utilized by multiple NGOs to evaluate the effects of technology on local economies in Eastern Europe. This survey, however, is limited to urban centers, which may skew the results. Lastly, the Mobile Internet Usage Report 2023 reveals trends in mobile data usage across the globe, but it lacks an acronym, making it less memorable in discussions among policymakers.

Digital Connectivity Assessment 2022
Technology Impact Survey
Mobile Internet Usage Report 2023

Africa
Asia
Latin America
Eastern Europe


Input: The recent Geospatial Land Use Mapping Report, published in 2022 by the Global Environmental Institute, provides critical insights into land use changes across the African continent. This report incorporates advanced satellite imagery and remote sensing data to analyze urban expansion and agricultural development. The findings illustrate significant trends in land utilization, supporting policymakers in making informed decisions regarding sustainable development.