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license: cc-by-4.0
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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- llm
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- interpretability
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- inference-control
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- hidden-states
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- repair-loop
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- code-generation
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- mechanistic-interpretability
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- alignment
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pretty_name: "The Missing Value Function — Interim Research Report"
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---
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# Between Hidden States and Control: Hidden-State Signals in Iterative LLM Repair
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**The Missing Value Function — Interim Research Report**
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> *Can minimal, non-learned signals derived from hidden states during inference serve as an internal value function to distinguish productive from unproductive revisitation in large language models?*
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## Overview
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This repository contains the interim research report and supplementary materials for the project **"The Missing Value Function"**, an independent empirical investigation into whether biological valence signal principles (Damasio's Somatic Marker Hypothesis, Sutskever's emotion-as-value-function framing) can be operationalized as lightweight inference-time control signals in transformer-based LLMs.
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**Author:** Benjamin Weise (Independent Research / Prooftrail)
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**Date:** March 10, 2026
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**Version:** 1.0
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**License:** CC BY 4.0
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---
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## Key Findings
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- **Signal Discovery:** Hidden-state cosine similarity at Layer 27, Stride 50 detects semantic stagnation that text-based loop detectors (n-gram, codeblock) miss entirely — two reproducible dissociation cases
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- **Negative Boundary:** Simple prompt-based and sampling-based actuators showed no robust improvement over baseline (Phase 10.3, 10.4)
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- **Ambiguity of Coherence:** High coherence values mark both productive convergence and unproductive stagnation — coherence alone is insufficient as a standalone actuator
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- **Multi-Signal Direction:** entropy + margin combination shows modest improvement for regression detection (AUC 0.59)
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- **Monotonic Controller:** Boundary result — preservation alone does not solve the bottleneck; productive diversity is the missing ingredient
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- **Repair Loop Testbed:** frontier_02_hard (LRU Cache, 7 test blocks) achieves 37.5% baseline success — the right difficulty corridor for hypothesis testing
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**Current Status:** The evidence supports that hidden-state signals are diagnostically valuable but not yet sufficient as standalone actuators. The research has identified real signal dissociation, established negative boundaries for simple interventions, and motivated a shift toward multi-signal policy design.
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---
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## Repository Contents
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| File | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `Between_Hidden_States_and_Control_Interim_Report.pdf` | Full interim research report (10 phases, all findings) |
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| `MVF_Supplementary_Materials.zip` | Experiment protocol, result files, core scripts |
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---
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## Experimental Setup
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| Component | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| Model | Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct (4-bit quantized) |
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| GPU | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 (11.9 GB VRAM) |
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| Monitor Layer | 27 (96% depth) |
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| Checkpoint Stride | 50 tokens |
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| Primary Metric | `max_prev_similarity` (cosine similarity) |
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| Primary Task | `frontier_02_hard` — LRU Cache, 7 test blocks |
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---
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## Citation
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If you use this work, please cite:
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```
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Weise, B. (2026). Between Hidden States and Control: Hidden-State Signals in Iterative LLM Repair.
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Interim Research Report, Prooftrail / Independent Research.
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```
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---
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## Related Work
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- Damasio, A. (1996). Somatic Marker Hypothesis
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- Sutskever, I. (2025). Emotions as evolutionarily hardcoded value functions (Dwarkesh Patel interview)
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- Pathak et al. (2017). Curiosity-driven Exploration (ICM)
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- Bengio et al. (2021). Inductive Biases for Deep Learning
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---
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*This is an interim report. Negative results are documented as completed steps. The project is ongoing.*
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