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-# iGeo — International Geography Olympiad
-
-Structured extract of past [iGeo](https://geoolympiad.org/document-library/) exams for agent benchmarking.
-
-**Grading:** RULE (keyed short answers via marking schemes) + RUBRIC (open fieldwork / extended written response).
-
-## Totals
-
-| Test type | Questions | Notes |
-|-----------|----------:|-------|
-| **WRT** (Written Response Test) | **505** | Numbered / lettered response units across 17 editions |
-| **FWE** (Fieldwork Exercise / FWT) | **55** | Field tasks / exercise units |
-| **MMT** (Multimedia Test) | **40** | Official sample only (yearly MMT packs largely unpublished) |
-| **All** | **600** | |
-
-Counts are **scored response units**, not PDF files.
-
-## Files
-
-| File | Role |
-|------|------|
-| `igeo_questions.json` | Full structured dataset (`summary` + `questions[]`) |
-| `igeo_questions.jsonl` | One question per line (same records) |
-| `summary.json` | Totals + coverage metadata |
-| `extract_questions.py` | Re-run PDF → JSON extraction |
-| `*.pdf` | Source booklets (questions, marking, resources, results) |
-
-## Question schema
-
-```json
-{
-  "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A1",
-  "year": 2025,
-  "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-  "test_type": "WRT",
-  "section": "A",
-  "section_title": "Landslides",
-  "question_number": "1",
-  "marks": 1.0,
-  "question": "1 m 1. Name two natural forces that can trigger landslides. …",
-  "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"],
-  "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-  "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-  "extraction": "pdf_text"
-}
-```
-
-`test_type` ∈ `WRT` | `FWE` | `MMT`.
-
-## Test formats
-
-- **WRT** — usually 6 thematic sections (A–F), 15 marks each, 90 total (2021–22: 5×15=75). Short / structured written answers with resource booklets (maps, tables, photos).
-- **FWE** — typically 2 field exercises per year (observation, sketching, data collection, planning). Rubric-scored.
-- **MMT** — 40 multiple-choice items with image/audio/video stimuli (sample pack only here).
-
-## Notes
-
-- Raw PDFs stay flat in this folder; use the JSON as the canonical index.
-- Some scanned / older PDFs have partial text (`question` may be `null`); structure + IDs are still present.
-- 1996 WRT PDF in the archive only contains Theme C (partial).
-- Re-extract: `python extract_questions.py`
-
-## Source
-
-[iGeo Document Library](https://geoolympiad.org/document-library/)
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-			<span class="entry-title rich-snippet-hidden">Past Questions &#038; Results</span><span class="updated rich-snippet-hidden">2026-07-19T21:57:31-04:00</span>						<div class="post-content">
-				<div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;" ><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap" style="max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% / 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% / 2 );"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column"><div class="fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two" style="--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;"><h2 class="fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated" style="margin:0;--fontSize:48;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);">iGeo Document Library</h2></div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-1"><p>Below is a searchable document library where you can download all past results and past questions. Use the search box to <strong>search for a particular year</strong> or search by test category (Written Response Test = <strong>WRT</strong>, Multimedia Test = <strong>MMT</strong>, Fieldwork Exercise = <strong>FWE</strong>).</p>
-<p><em>Note: Files related to the Multimedia Tests (MMTs) are temporarily unavailable on the website. Please check back regularly as we are working to address the issue as quickly as possible. Thank you for your understanding.</em></p>
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-			<thead><tr><th data-name="title" data-priority="1" data-width="" data-orderable="true">Title</th><th data-name="doc_categories" data-priority="7" data-width="" data-orderable="true">Categories</th><th data-name="link" data-priority="4" data-width="" data-orderable="false">Link</th></tr></thead>			<tbody>
-				<tr><td>List of Acceptable Items 2026</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2026/" rel="tag">2026</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2025 WRT Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-WRT-Resource-Booklet.pdf" class=""  download="2025-WRT-Resource-Booklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf" class=""  download="2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 WRT 2025 Question and Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf" class=""  download="2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 MMT Sample Questions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/mmt/" rel="tag">MMT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf" class=""  download="MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 iGeo Results and Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2025-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 FWE Student Booklet 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-2.pdf" class=""  download="2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-2.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 FWE Student Booklet 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf" class=""  download="2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 FWE Marking Scheme Exercise 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-FWE-Marking-Scheme-Exercise-2.pdf" class=""  download="2025-FWE-Marking-Scheme-Exercise-2.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 FWE Marking Scheme Exercise 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-FWE-Marking-Scheme-Exercise-1.pdf" class=""  download="2025-FWE-Marking-Scheme-Exercise-1.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2025 FWE Information Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2025/" rel="tag">2025</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-FWE-Information-Booklet.pdf" class=""  download="2025-FWE-Information-Booklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 WRT Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_Resource-Booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_Resource-Booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_QA_2024iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_QA_2024iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2024-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2024-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 FWE Student Booklet 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-2_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-2_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 FWE Student Booklet 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-1_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-1_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 FWE Mark Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Mark-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Mark-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2024 FWE Information Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2024/" rel="tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Information-Booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Information-Booklet_2024iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 WRT Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_WRT_WRT-Resource-Booklet_Final.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_WRT_WRT-Resource-Booklet_Final.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2023-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2023-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 FWE Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_FWE-2_Resource-Booklet_20230808.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_FWE-2_Resource-Booklet_20230808.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 FWE Marking Scheme Map</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_FWE-1_Marking-Scheme_Map-3.1.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_FWE-1_Marking-Scheme_Map-3.1.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 FWE Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_FWE-1_Marking-Scheme_20230808.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_FWE-1_Marking-Scheme_20230808.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 FWE Map</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_FWE-2_Map-2A-scaled.png" class=""  download="2023iGeo_FWE-2_Map-2A-scaled.png" type="image/png">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 FWE Introduction</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_FWE_Introduction.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_FWE_Introduction.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2023 FWE Analysis Session</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2023/" rel="tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2023iGeo_FWE-2.pdf" class=""  download="2023iGeo_FWE-2.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 WRT Questions &#038; Resources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 WRT Marking Guide</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2022-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2022-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 FWE Tasks and Resources 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_FWE-2_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_FWE-2_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 FWE Tasks and Resources 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_FWE-1_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_FWE-1_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 FWE Response Sheet 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_FWE-2_Response-Sheet.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_FWE-2_Response-Sheet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 FWE Response Sheet 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_FWE-1_Response-Sheet.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_FWE-1_Response-Sheet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 FWE Marking Guide 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_FWE-2_Marking-Guide.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_FWE-2_Marking-Guide.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2022 FWE Marking Guide 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2022/" rel="tag">2022</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2022iGeo_FWE-1_Marking-Guide.pdf" class=""  download="2022iGeo_FWE-1_Marking-Guide.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 WRT Question Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 WRT Marking Guide</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 WRT Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_WRT_Answer_Booklet.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_WRT_Answer_Booklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2021-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2021-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 FWE Tasks and Resources 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_FWE_II-Tasks-and-resources.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_FWE_II-Tasks-and-resources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 FWE Tasks and Resources 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 FWE Response Sheet 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_FWE_II-Response-Sheet.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_FWE_II-Response-Sheet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 FWE Response Sheet 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_FWE-I-Response-Sheet.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_FWE-I-Response-Sheet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2021 FWE Map</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2021/" rel="tag">2021</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2021iGeo_FWE-I-Map.pdf" class=""  download="2021iGeo_FWE-I-Map.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 WRT Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_Resource-Booklet_iGeo-2019_final-version.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_Resource-Booklet_iGeo-2019_final-version.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2019-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2019-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 FWE Test</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 FWE Task Maps</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Task_maps_2019iGeo_20190722.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Task_maps_2019iGeo_20190722.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 FWE Task 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Task2_QP_2019iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Task2_QP_2019iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 FWE Task 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Task1_QP_2019iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Task1_QP_2019iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 FWE Instructions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Instructions_2019iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Instructions_2019iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2019 FWE Briefing</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2019/" rel="tag">2019</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Briefing-v1_2019iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Briefing-v1_2019iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 WRT Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_RESOURCE-BOOK_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_RESOURCE-BOOK_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf" class=""  download="WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2018-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2018-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 FWE Instructions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE_Instructions_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE_Instructions_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 FWE Exercise 2 Questions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-2_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-2_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 FWE 2 Map C2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-2_Map-C2_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-2_Map-C2_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 FWE 2 Map C1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-2_Map-C1_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-2_Map-C1_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 FWE 1 Task B</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-1B_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-1B_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 FWE 1 Task A Map</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-1A_Map-A2_Large_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-1A_Map-A2_Large_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2018 FWE 1 Task A</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2018/" rel="tag">2018</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FWE-1A-QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" class=""  download="FWE-1A-QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 WRT Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_WRT_RESOURCE-BOOK.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_WRT_RESOURCE-BOOK.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2017-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2017-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 FWE Task 1С</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1С.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1С.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 FWE Task 1B</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1B.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1B.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 FWE Task 1A</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1A.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1A.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 FWE Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_FWE_Resource-booklet.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_FWE_Resource-booklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 FWE 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_FWE-2.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_FWE-2.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017 FWE 1 General Instructions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2017iGeo_FWE-1_Guidance.pdf" class=""  download="2017iGeo_FWE-1_Guidance.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 WRT Resources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2016/" rel="tag">2016</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2016iGeo_WRT_RESOURCE.pdf" class=""  download="2016iGeo_WRT_RESOURCE.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2016/" rel="tag">2016</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf" class=""  download="2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2016/" rel="tag">2016</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf" class=""  download="2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2016/" rel="tag">2016</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2016-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2016-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 FWE 2 Test</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2016/" rel="tag">2016</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf" class=""  download="2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 FWE 2 Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2016/" rel="tag">2016</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2016iGeo_FWE-2resourcebooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2016iGeo_FWE-2resourcebooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 FWE 1 Test</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf" class=""  download="2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2016 FWE 1 Marking</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2017/" rel="tag">2017</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2016iGeo_FWE-1_marking.pdf" class=""  download="2016iGeo_FWE-1_marking.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 WRT Resources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_WRT_Resources.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_WRT_Resources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 WRT Question Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2015-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2015-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE Marking Guide</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE_Marking.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE_Marking.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE 2 Task</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE-2_task.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE-2_task.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE 2 Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE-2_resourcebooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE-2_resourcebooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE 1 Task 4</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE-1_task4.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE-1_task4.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE 1 Task 3</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE-1_task3.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE-1_task3.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE 1 Task 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE-1_task2.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE-1_task2.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE 1 Task 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE-1_task1.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE-1_task1.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015 FWE 1 Guide</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2015/" rel="tag">2015</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2015iGeo_FWE-1_guidance.pdf" class=""  download="2015iGeo_FWE-1_guidance.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 WRT Resources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2014iGeo_WRT_Resources.pdf" class=""  download="2014iGeo_WRT_Resources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 WRT Question Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf" class=""  download="2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 WRT Final Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2014iGeo_WRT_FinalReport.pdf" class=""  download="2014iGeo_WRT_FinalReport.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 iGeo Results</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2014-iGeo-Results.pdf" class=""  download="2014-iGeo-Results.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 FWE Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2014iGeo_FWE_resourcebooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2014iGeo_FWE_resourcebooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 FWE Questions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf" class=""  download="2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014 FWE Introduction</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2014/" rel="tag">2014</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2014iGeo_FWE_Eintroduction.pdf" class=""  download="2014iGeo_FWE_Eintroduction.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2013 WRT Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2013/" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2013iGeo_WRT_ResourceBooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2013iGeo_WRT_ResourceBooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2013 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2013/" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2013 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2013/" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf" class=""  download="2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2013 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2013/" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2013-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2013-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2013 FWE Resource Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2013/" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2013iGeo_FWT_resourcebooklet.pdf" class=""  download="2013iGeo_FWT_resourcebooklet.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2013 FWE Marking Schedule</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2013/" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2013iGeo_FWT_markingschedule.pdf" class=""  download="2013iGeo_FWT_markingschedule.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2013 FWE Assessment Guidelines</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2013/" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2013iGeo_FWT_assessmentguidelines.pdf" class=""  download="2013iGeo_FWT_assessmentguidelines.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2012 WRT Sources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2012/" rel="tag">2012</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2012WRT_Sources.pdf" class=""  download="2012WRT_Sources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2012 WRT Question &#038; Answer Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2012/" rel="tag">2012</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2012WRT_QandA.pdf" class=""  download="2012WRT_QandA.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2012 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2012/" rel="tag">2012</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf" class=""  download="2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2012 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2012/" rel="tag">2012</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2012-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2012-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 WRT Sources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2010iGeo_WRT_sources.pdf" class=""  download="2010iGeo_WRT_sources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 WRT Questions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf" class=""  download="2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf" class=""  download="2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2010-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2010-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 FWE Sources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2010iGeo_FWT_soucrces.pdf" class=""  download="2010iGeo_FWT_soucrces.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 FWE Questions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2010iGeo_FWT_all_questions.pdf" class=""  download="2010iGeo_FWT_all_questions.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 FWE Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2010iGeo_FWT_Commentary_MarkingScheme.pdf" class=""  download="2010iGeo_FWT_Commentary_MarkingScheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2010 FWE Introduction</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2010/" rel="tag">2010</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2010iGeo_FWT_Introduction_all.pdf" class=""  download="2010iGeo_FWT_Introduction_all.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2008 WRT Worksheet 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2008/" rel="tag">2008</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2008iGeo_Worksheet2_WRT.pdf" class=""  download="2008iGeo_Worksheet2_WRT.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2008 WRT Worksheet 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2008/" rel="tag">2008</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2008iGeo_Worksheet1_WRT.pdf" class=""  download="2008iGeo_Worksheet1_WRT.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2008 WRT Sources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2008/" rel="tag">2008</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2008iGeo_Sources_WRT.pdf" class=""  download="2008iGeo_Sources_WRT.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2008 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2008/" rel="tag">2008</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf" class=""  download="2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2008 WRT Assignments</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2008/" rel="tag">2008</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf" class=""  download="2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2008 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2008/" rel="tag">2008</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2008-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2008-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2008 FWE</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2008/" rel="tag">2008</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2008iGeo_FWT.pdf" class=""  download="2008iGeo_FWT.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 WRT Worksheet 4</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_WRT_Worksheet4FreshWaterintheMiddleEast.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_WRT_Worksheet4FreshWaterintheMiddleEast.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 WRT Worksheet 3</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_WRT_Worksheet3MerapiVolcano.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_WRT_Worksheet3MerapiVolcano.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 WRT Worksheet 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_WRT_Worksheet2Africa.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_WRT_Worksheet2Africa.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 WRT Sources</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_WRT_Sources.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_WRT_Sources.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 WRT Questions</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 WRT Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2006-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2006-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 FWE Question Booklet</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_FWT.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_FWT.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2006 FWE Marking Scheme</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2006/" rel="tag">2006</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2006iGeo_FWT_markingscheme.pdf" class=""  download="2006iGeo_FWT_markingscheme.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2004 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2004/" rel="tag">2004</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2004-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2004-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2002 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2002/" rel="tag">2002</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2002-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2002-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2002 FWE Part 2</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2002/" rel="tag">2002</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2002FWpart2.pdf" class=""  download="2002FWpart2.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2002 FWE Part 1</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2002/" rel="tag">2002</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2002FWpart1.pdf" class=""  download="2002FWpart1.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>2000 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/2000/" rel="tag">2000</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2000-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="2000-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>1998 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/1998/" rel="tag">1998</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/1998-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="1998-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>1996 WRT</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/1996/" rel="tag">1996</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/wrt/" rel="tag">WRT</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/1996WrittenTest.pdf" class=""  download="1996WrittenTest.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>1996 iGeo Results &#038; Report</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/1996/" rel="tag">1996</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/results/" rel="tag">Results</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/1996-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" class=""  download="1996-iGeo-Results-and-Report.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr><tr><td>1996 FWE</td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/1996/" rel="tag">1996</a>, <a href="https://geoolympiad.org/document-category/fwe/" rel="tag">FWE</a></td><td><a href="https://geoolympiad.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/1996Fieldwork.pdf" class=""  download="1996Fieldwork.pdf" type="application/pdf">Download</a></td></tr>			</tbody>
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diff --git a/benchmark/iGeo/extract_questions.py b/benchmark/iGeo/extract_questions.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 153004936bc7cab71589130967be2d1f20dc54b5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/benchmark/iGeo/extract_questions.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,915 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Extract iGeo WRT / FWE / MMT questions into a single JSON inventory."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import json
-import re
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from pypdf import PdfReader
-
-ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
-OUT_DIR = ROOT
-sys.stdout.reconfigure(encoding="utf-8")
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Source map: one question booklet (+ optional marking) per year / test type
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-WRT_SOURCES = {
-    1996: {"question": "1996WrittenTest.pdf", "marking": None, "host": "The Hague, Netherlands"},
-    2006: {"question": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "host": "Brisbane, Australia"},
-    2008: {"question": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "host": "Carthage, Tunisia"},
-    2010: {"question": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "host": "Taipei, Taiwan"},
-    2012: {"question": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "host": "Cologne, Germany"},
-    2013: {"question": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "host": "Kyoto, Japan"},
-    2014: {"question": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "host": "Kraków, Poland"},
-    2015: {"question": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "host": "Tver, Russia"},
-    2016: {"question": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "host": "Beijing, China"},
-    2017: {"question": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "host": "Belgrade, Serbia"},
-    2018: {"question": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "host": "Québec, Canada"},
-    2019: {"question": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "host": "Hong Kong, China"},
-    2021: {"question": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "host": "Istanbul, Turkey"},
-    2022: {"question": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "host": "Paris, France"},
-    2023: {"question": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "host": "Bandung, Indonesia"},
-    2024: {"question": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "host": "Dublin, Ireland"},
-    2025: {"question": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "host": "Bangkok, Thailand"},
-}
-
-FWE_SOURCES = {
-    1996: [{"file": "1996Fieldwork.pdf", "label": "Fieldwork"}],
-    2002: [
-        {"file": "2002FWpart1.pdf", "label": "FW part 1"},
-        {"file": "2002FWpart2.pdf", "label": "FW part 2"},
-    ],
-    2006: [{"file": "2006iGeo_FWT.pdf", "label": "FWT"}],
-    2008: [{"file": "2008iGeo_FWT.pdf", "label": "FWT"}],
-    2010: [{"file": "2010iGeo_FWT_all_questions.pdf", "label": "FWT"}],
-    2013: [{"file": "2013iGeo_FWT_resourcebooklet.pdf", "label": "FWT resources"}],
-    2014: [{"file": "2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf", "label": "FWE"}],
-    2015: [
-        {"file": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task1.pdf", "label": "FWE-1 Task1"},
-        {"file": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task2.pdf", "label": "FWE-1 Task2"},
-        {"file": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task3.pdf", "label": "FWE-1 Task3"},
-        {"file": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task4.pdf", "label": "FWE-1 Task4"},
-        {"file": "2015iGeo_FWE-2_task.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-    ],
-    2016: [
-        {"file": "2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf", "label": "FWE-1"},
-        {"file": "2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-    ],
-    2017: [
-        {"file": "2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1A.pdf", "label": "FWE-1A"},
-        {"file": "2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1B.pdf", "label": "FWE-1B"},
-        {"file": "2017iGeo_FWE-2.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-    ],
-    2018: [
-        {"file": "FWE-1A-QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE-1A"},
-        {"file": "FWE-1B_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE-1B"},
-        {"file": "FWE-2_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-    ],
-    2019: [
-        {"file": "FWE_Task1_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE Task1"},
-        {"file": "FWE_Task2_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE Task2"},
-        {"file": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE Test"},
-    ],
-    2021: [
-        {"file": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf", "label": "FWE-I"},
-        {"file": "2021iGeo_FWE_II-Tasks-and-resources.pdf", "label": "FWE-II"},
-    ],
-    2022: [
-        {"file": "2022iGeo_FWE-1_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf", "label": "FWE-1"},
-        {"file": "2022iGeo_FWE-2_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-    ],
-    2023: [
-        {"file": "2023iGeo_FWE-2.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-        {"file": "2023iGeo_FWE_Introduction.pdf", "label": "FWE Intro"},
-    ],
-    2024: [
-        {"file": "FWE-1_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE-1"},
-        {"file": "FWE-2_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-    ],
-    2025: [
-        {"file": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf", "label": "FWE-1"},
-        {"file": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-2.pdf", "label": "FWE-2"},
-    ],
-}
-
-MMT_SOURCE = "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf"
-
-# Manual overrides for years where PDF text extraction undercounts
-WRT_MANUAL_COUNTS = {
-    # section_id -> list of question numbers (or letter parts)
-    2012: {"A": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], "B": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], "C": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], "D": [1, 2, 3], "E": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], "F": [1, 2, 3, 4]},
-}
-
-
-def extract_pdf_text(path: Path, max_pages: int | None = None) -> str:
-    reader = PdfReader(str(path))
-    pages = reader.pages if max_pages is None else reader.pages[:max_pages]
-    parts = []
-    for i, page in enumerate(pages):
-        t = page.extract_text() or ""
-        parts.append(f"\n===== PAGE {i + 1} =====\n{t}")
-    return "\n".join(parts)
-
-
-def clean_ws(s: str) -> str:
-    s = re.sub(r"[ \t]+", " ", s)
-    s = re.sub(r"\n{3,}", "\n\n", s)
-    return s.strip()
-
-
-def parse_meta(text: str) -> dict:
-    meta = {}
-    m = re.search(r"(?i)this test consists of\s+(\d+)\s+sections", text)
-    if m:
-        meta["sections_stated"] = int(m.group(1))
-    m = re.search(
-        r"(?i)maximum\s+(?:possible\s+)?(?:total\s+)?(?:score|mark)s?\s*(?:for the WRT\s*)?(?:is|:)?\s*(\d+)",
-        text,
-    )
-    if m:
-        meta["max_marks"] = int(m.group(1))
-    return meta
-
-
-def split_sections_af(text: str) -> list[tuple[str, str, int]]:
-    """Return list of (section_id, title, start_pos)."""
-    headers = []
-    for m in re.finditer(r"(?im)^[^\n]*\bSection\s+([A-F])\s*[:\-–]\s*([^\n]+)", text):
-        title = clean_ws(m.group(2))
-        if "ontinue" in title.lower():
-            continue
-        sid = m.group(1).upper()
-        if headers and headers[-1][0] == sid:
-            continue
-        headers.append((sid, title[:120], m.start()))
-    return headers
-
-
-def split_sections_numeric(text: str) -> list[tuple[str, str, int]]:
-    headers = []
-    for m in re.finditer(
-        r"(?im)^[^\n]*\b(?:Section|Theme|Assignment|Topic)\s+([1-6]|[IVX]{1,4})\s*[:\-–.]?\s*([^\n]+)",
-        text,
-    ):
-        title = clean_ws(m.group(2))
-        if len(title) < 3 or "page" in title.lower():
-            continue
-        sid = m.group(1).upper()
-        if headers and headers[-1][0] == sid:
-            continue
-        headers.append((sid, title[:120], m.start()))
-    return headers
-
-
-def extract_numbered_questions(chunk: str, section_id: str) -> list[dict]:
-    """Extract Q1, Q2... from a section chunk (modern WRT format)."""
-    # Find starts: "2 m 1." or "1." with command verb / For this question
-    starts = []
-    for m in re.finditer(
-        r"(?m)^\s*(?:(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*m(?:arks?)?\s+)?(\d{1,2})\s*[\.)]\s+"
-        r"(?=(?:For this question|Study |Name |Identify |Explain |Describe |Discuss |"
-        r"Suggest |Outline |Analyse |Analyze |Evaluate |Draw |Label |Match |Give |"
-        r"State |List |What |Which |How |Why |Compare |Define |Complete |Calculate |"
-        r"Annotate |Estimate |Justify |Specify |Indicate |Show |Write |Assess |"
-        r"Examine |To what |Using |With |Refer |Based |Look |On the |In the |"
-        r"In Figure|In Resource|Mark with|Produce |Choose |Select |Construct |"
-        r"Sketch |Map |Plot |Comment |Account |Relate |Distinguish |Classify |"
-        r"Determine |Rank |After |Olympic |Nature |Ebola |Taking |Everyone |"
-        r"Resource |Figure |Table |Photo|Coastal |Urban |Climate |Population |"
-        r"Agriculture |Tourism |Environmental |River |Glacier|Coral |Sand |"
-        r"Ocean |Global |Water |Soil |Food |Tide|Transport|Sport|Hazard|"
-        r"Flood|Millennium|Landform|Natural|Energy|Forest|Geology|Weathering|"
-        r"Tropical|Mapping|Living|Geography|Landslide|Tsunami|Phewa|Wind |"
-        r"Air |South |Lower |Wildfire|Green |Aral |Maritime|Land use|"
-        r"Innovative|Shoreline|Ski |Plastic|Amazon|Monsoon|Periglacial|"
-        r"Commut|Wave|Dari|Suez|Cruise|Arctic|Define |An |\d|\"|'|[A-Z]))",
-        chunk,
-    ):
-        marks = float(m.group(1)) if m.group(1) else None
-        num = int(m.group(2))
-        if 1 <= num <= 15:
-            starts.append((m.start(), num, marks))
-
-    # Deduplicate by question number (keep first)
-    seen = set()
-    uniq = []
-    for pos, num, marks in starts:
-        if num in seen:
-            continue
-        seen.add(num)
-        uniq.append((pos, num, marks))
-    uniq.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
-
-    questions = []
-    for i, (pos, num, marks) in enumerate(uniq):
-        end = uniq[i + 1][0] if i + 1 < len(uniq) else len(chunk)
-        body = clean_ws(chunk[pos:end])
-        # Truncate very long bodies (answer blanks)
-        if len(body) > 2500:
-            body = body[:2500] + "…"
-        refs = sorted(set(re.findall(r"(?i)(?:Figure|Table|Resource|Text Box)\s+[A-F]?\d+", body)))
-        questions.append(
-            {
-                "question_number": str(num),
-                "marks": marks,
-                "question": body,
-                "resource_refs": refs,
-            }
-        )
-    return questions
-
-
-def extract_lettered_questions(chunk: str) -> list[dict]:
-    """Extract (a)(b)(c) parts used in 2021/2022."""
-    starts = []
-    for m in re.finditer(r"(?m)^\s*\(([a-z])\)\s+", chunk):
-        starts.append((m.start(), m.group(1)))
-    # Dedup consecutive same letter
-    uniq = []
-    for pos, letter in starts:
-        if uniq and uniq[-1][1] == letter:
-            continue
-        uniq.append((pos, letter))
-
-    questions = []
-    for i, (pos, letter) in enumerate(uniq):
-        end = uniq[i + 1][0] if i + 1 < len(uniq) else len(chunk)
-        body = clean_ws(chunk[pos:end])
-        if len(body) > 2500:
-            body = body[:2500] + "…"
-        mark_m = re.search(r"\[(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*marks?\]", body, re.I)
-        marks = float(mark_m.group(1)) if mark_m else None
-        refs = sorted(set(re.findall(r"(?i)(?:Figure|Table|Resource|Text Box)\s+[A-F]?\d+", body)))
-        questions.append(
-            {
-                "question_number": letter,
-                "marks": marks,
-                "question": body,
-                "resource_refs": refs,
-            }
-        )
-    return questions
-
-
-def extract_legacy_ab_questions(chunk: str) -> list[dict]:
-    """2006-style: 1a, 1b, 2a …"""
-    starts = []
-    for m in re.finditer(r"(?m)^\s*(\d{1,2})([a-d])\s+", chunk):
-        starts.append((m.start(), f"{m.group(1)}{m.group(2)}"))
-    uniq = []
-    seen = set()
-    for pos, qid in starts:
-        if qid in seen:
-            continue
-        seen.add(qid)
-        uniq.append((pos, qid))
-    out = []
-    for i, (pos, qid) in enumerate(uniq):
-        end = uniq[i + 1][0] if i + 1 < len(uniq) else len(chunk)
-        body = clean_ws(chunk[pos:end])
-        if len(body) > 2000:
-            body = body[:2000] + "…"
-        mark_m = re.search(r"\((\d+)\s*m(?:arks?)?\)|(\d+)\s*m\b", body, re.I)
-        marks = None
-        if mark_m:
-            marks = float(mark_m.group(1) or mark_m.group(2))
-        out.append({"question_number": qid, "marks": marks, "question": body, "resource_refs": []})
-    return out
-
-
-def extract_legacy_plain_numbered(chunk: str) -> list[dict]:
-    """1996/2008/2010: '17. ...' or '3m 1.' style."""
-    starts = []
-    for m in re.finditer(
-        r"(?m)^\s*(?:(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*m\s+)?(\d{1,2})\s*[\.)]\s+\S",
-        chunk,
-    ):
-        num = int(m.group(2))
-        if 1 <= num <= 40:
-            starts.append((m.start(), num, float(m.group(1)) if m.group(1) else None))
-    uniq = []
-    seen = set()
-    for pos, num, marks in starts:
-        if num in seen:
-            continue
-        seen.add(num)
-        uniq.append((pos, num, marks))
-    out = []
-    for i, (pos, num, marks) in enumerate(uniq):
-        end = uniq[i + 1][0] if i + 1 < len(uniq) else len(chunk)
-        body = clean_ws(chunk[pos:end])
-        if len(body) > 2000:
-            body = body[:2000] + "…"
-        if marks is None:
-            mark_m = re.search(r"\((\d+)\s*marks?\)", body, re.I)
-            if mark_m:
-                marks = float(mark_m.group(1))
-        out.append(
-            {
-                "question_number": str(num),
-                "marks": marks,
-                "question": body,
-                "resource_refs": sorted(
-                    set(re.findall(r"(?i)(?:Figure|Table|Resource|Source|Text Box)\s+[A-F\d.]+", body))
-                ),
-            }
-        )
-    return out
-
-
-def extract_legacy_2010_questions(chunk: str) -> list[dict]:
-    """2010: '3m 1 text' or '2m\\n3 text' or '1m 4a Compare'."""
-    # Normalize split mark/number lines
-    norm = re.sub(r"(?m)^\s*(\d+)\s*m\s*\n\s*(\d+[a-d]?)\s+", r"\1m \2 ", chunk)
-    starts = []
-    for m in re.finditer(r"(?m)^\s*(\d+)\s*m\s+(\d{1,2}[a-d]?)\s+", norm):
-        starts.append((m.start(), m.group(2), float(m.group(1))))
-    uniq = []
-    seen = set()
-    for pos, qid, marks in starts:
-        if qid in seen:
-            continue
-        seen.add(qid)
-        uniq.append((pos, qid, marks))
-    out = []
-    for i, (pos, qid, marks) in enumerate(uniq):
-        end = uniq[i + 1][0] if i + 1 < len(uniq) else len(norm)
-        body = clean_ws(norm[pos:end])
-        if len(body) > 2000:
-            body = body[:2000] + "…"
-        out.append({"question_number": qid, "marks": marks, "question": body, "resource_refs": []})
-    return out
-
-
-def extract_legacy_2008_questions(chunk: str) -> list[dict]:
-    """2008: '1a 4m Comment...' or '2 2m Describe...'"""
-    starts = []
-    for m in re.finditer(r"(?m)^\s*(\d{1,2}[a-d]?)\s+(\d+)\s*m\s+", chunk):
-        starts.append((m.start(), m.group(1), float(m.group(2))))
-    uniq = []
-    seen = set()
-    for pos, qid, marks in starts:
-        if qid in seen:
-            continue
-        seen.add(qid)
-        uniq.append((pos, qid, marks))
-    out = []
-    for i, (pos, qid, marks) in enumerate(uniq):
-        end = uniq[i + 1][0] if i + 1 < len(uniq) else len(chunk)
-        body = clean_ws(chunk[pos:end])
-        if len(body) > 2000:
-            body = body[:2000] + "…"
-        out.append({"question_number": qid, "marks": marks, "question": body, "resource_refs": []})
-    return out
-
-
-def extract_wrt_year(year: int, info: dict) -> dict:
-    qpath = ROOT / info["question"]
-    if not qpath.exists():
-        return {"year": year, "error": f"missing {info['question']}", "items": []}
-
-    text = extract_pdf_text(qpath)
-    # Cut resources appendix for combined booklets
-    if year in (2021, 2022):
-        cut = text.find("Resources for each Section")
-        if cut > 0:
-            text = text[:cut]
-
-    meta = parse_meta(text)
-    # Older booklets state max marks differently
-    if "max_marks" not in meta:
-        m = re.search(r"(?i)maximum (?:number of marks|total mark) is\s*(\d+)", text)
-        if m:
-            meta["max_marks"] = int(m.group(1))
-        m = re.search(r"(?i)total of all marks is\s*(\d+)", text)
-        if m:
-            meta["max_marks"] = int(m.group(1))
-
-    headers = split_sections_af(text)
-    if len(headers) < 4:
-        headers = split_sections_numeric(text)
-    # 2008 uses "1  International tourism" style in body after TOC
-    if year == 2008 and len(headers) < 4:
-        headers = []
-        for m in re.finditer(
-            r"(?m)^(\d)\s{2,}([A-Z][^\n]{3,60})$",
-            text,
-        ):
-            sid, title = m.group(1), clean_ws(m.group(2))
-            if "marks" in title.lower():
-                continue
-            if headers and headers[-1][0] == sid:
-                continue
-            # skip TOC duplicates by requiring later page content — keep unique first after instructions
-            headers.append((sid, title[:120], m.start()))
-        # Prefer last occurrence set (body over TOC): keep last 7 unique
-        by = {}
-        for h in headers:
-            by[h[0]] = h
-        headers = [by[k] for k in sorted(by.keys(), key=lambda x: int(x))]
-
-    # 1996 Theme headers
-    if year == 1996:
-        headers = []
-        for m in re.finditer(r"(?im)^Theme\s+([A-F])\s*:\s*([^\n]+)", text):
-            headers.append((m.group(1).upper(), clean_ws(m.group(2))[:120], m.start()))
-        meta.setdefault("max_marks", 100)
-        meta["sections_stated"] = 6
-
-    # 2010 Roman sections already via split_sections_numeric sometimes fails — explicit
-    if year == 2010:
-        headers = []
-        for m in re.finditer(
-            r"(?im)^Section\s+([IVX]+)\s*[-–]\s*([^\n]+)",
-            text,
-        ):
-            sid, title = m.group(1).upper(), clean_ws(m.group(2))
-            if headers and headers[-1][0] == sid:
-                continue
-            headers.append((sid, title[:120], m.start()))
-
-    # 2008 assignments: prefer body headers like "1 International tourism"
-    if year == 2008:
-        headers = []
-        for m in re.finditer(
-            r"(?m)^(\d)\s+([A-ZÁÉÍÓÚÜÑ][^\n]{2,70})$",
-            text,
-        ):
-            sid, title = m.group(1), clean_ws(m.group(2))
-            if "marks" in title.lower() or title.lower().startswith("this "):
-                continue
-            headers.append((sid, title[:120], m.start()))
-        # Keep last occurrence of each assignment id (body over TOC)
-        by = {}
-        for h in headers:
-            by[h[0]] = h
-        headers = [by[k] for k in sorted(by.keys(), key=lambda x: int(x))]
-
-    items = []
-    sections_out = []
-
-    # Manual override only when structure extraction fails badly
-    if year in WRT_MANUAL_COUNTS and not headers:
-        # Still try to get titles from text
-        title_map = {}
-        for sid, title, _ in split_sections_af(text) or []:
-            title_map[sid] = title
-        for sid, nums in WRT_MANUAL_COUNTS[year].items():
-            title = title_map.get(sid, "")
-            sections_out.append({"section": sid, "title": title, "question_count": len(nums)})
-            for n in nums:
-                items.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": f"igeo_{year}_wrt_{sid}{n}",
-                        "year": year,
-                        "host": info.get("host"),
-                        "test_type": "WRT",
-                        "section": sid,
-                        "section_title": title,
-                        "question_number": str(n),
-                        "marks": None,
-                        "question": None,
-                        "resource_refs": [],
-                        "source_pdf": info["question"],
-                        "marking_pdf": info.get("marking"),
-                        "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview",
-                    }
-                )
-        return {
-            "year": year,
-            "host": info.get("host"),
-            "test_type": "WRT",
-            "source_pdf": info["question"],
-            "marking_pdf": info.get("marking"),
-            **meta,
-            "sections": sections_out,
-            "items": items,
-        }
-
-    use_letters = year in (2021, 2022)
-    for i, (sid, title, start) in enumerate(headers):
-        end = headers[i + 1][2] if i + 1 < len(headers) else len(text)
-        chunk = text[start:end]
-        if use_letters:
-            qs = extract_lettered_questions(chunk)
-        elif year == 2006:
-            qs = extract_legacy_ab_questions(chunk)
-            if not qs:
-                qs = extract_legacy_plain_numbered(chunk)
-        elif year == 2008:
-            qs = extract_legacy_2008_questions(chunk)
-        elif year in (1996,):
-            qs = extract_legacy_plain_numbered(chunk)
-        elif year == 2010:
-            qs = extract_legacy_2010_questions(chunk)
-        else:
-            qs = extract_numbered_questions(chunk, sid)
-            if not qs:
-                qs = extract_lettered_questions(chunk)
-            if not qs:
-                qs = extract_legacy_plain_numbered(chunk)
-        sections_out.append({"section": sid, "title": title, "question_count": len(qs)})
-        for q in qs:
-            qnum = q["question_number"]
-            items.append(
-                {
-                    "id": f"igeo_{year}_wrt_{sid}{qnum}",
-                    "year": year,
-                    "host": info.get("host"),
-                    "test_type": "WRT",
-                    "section": sid,
-                    "section_title": title,
-                    "question_number": qnum,
-                    "marks": q.get("marks"),
-                    "question": q.get("question"),
-                    "resource_refs": q.get("resource_refs", []),
-                    "source_pdf": info["question"],
-                    "marking_pdf": info.get("marking"),
-                    "extraction": "pdf_text",
-                }
-            )
-
-    # Apply known undercount patches for specific years
-    PATCH_MIN = {
-        2017: {"B": 5},  # B1/B2 use decimal marks "4.5 m 1."
-        2025: {"F": 4},  # F1 uses "3.5 m 1."
-        2016: {"D": 6},
-        2019: {"B": 5, "D": 5, "F": 5},
-    }
-    if year in PATCH_MIN:
-        # Re-scan with more permissive pattern for decimal marks
-        for i, (sid, title, start) in enumerate(headers):
-            need = PATCH_MIN[year].get(sid)
-            if not need:
-                continue
-            existing = [it for it in items if it["section"] == sid]
-            if len(existing) >= need:
-                continue
-            end = headers[i + 1][2] if i + 1 < len(headers) else len(text)
-            chunk = text[start:end]
-            # Find all "Xm N." including decimals
-            found = {}
-            for m in re.finditer(
-                r"(?m)^\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*m(?:arks?)?\s+(\d{1,2})\s*[\.)]\s+",
-                chunk,
-            ):
-                found[int(m.group(2))] = (m.start(), float(m.group(1)))
-            for m in re.finditer(r"(?m)^\s*(\d{1,2})\s*[\.)]\s+(?:For this question|Study |Draw )", chunk):
-                found.setdefault(int(m.group(1)), (m.start(), None))
-            # Replace section items
-            items = [it for it in items if it["section"] != sid]
-            nums = sorted(found.keys())
-            for n in nums:
-                pos, marks = found[n]
-                # body until next
-                later = [p for nn, (p, _) in found.items() if p > pos]
-                endb = min(later) if later else len(chunk)
-                body = clean_ws(chunk[pos:endb])
-                if len(body) > 2500:
-                    body = body[:2500] + "…"
-                items.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": f"igeo_{year}_wrt_{sid}{n}",
-                        "year": year,
-                        "host": info.get("host"),
-                        "test_type": "WRT",
-                        "section": sid,
-                        "section_title": title,
-                        "question_number": str(n),
-                        "marks": marks,
-                        "question": body,
-                        "resource_refs": sorted(
-                            set(re.findall(r"(?i)(?:Figure|Table|Resource|Text Box)\s+[A-F]?\d+", body))
-                        ),
-                        "source_pdf": info["question"],
-                        "marking_pdf": info.get("marking"),
-                        "extraction": "pdf_text_patched",
-                    }
-                )
-            for s in sections_out:
-                if s["section"] == sid:
-                    s["question_count"] = len(nums)
-                    s["title"] = title
-
-    # Sort items
-    def sort_key(it):
-        sec = it["section"]
-        qn = str(it["question_number"])
-        if sec.isalpha() and len(sec) == 1:
-            sec_ord = ord(sec)
-        elif sec.isdigit():
-            sec_ord = int(sec)
-        else:
-            # roman numerals etc.
-            roman = {"I": 1, "II": 2, "III": 3, "IV": 4, "V": 5, "VI": 6, "VII": 7}
-            sec_ord = roman.get(sec, 99)
-        m = re.match(r"(\d+)([a-z]?)$", qn, re.I)
-        if m:
-            q_ord = (int(m.group(1)), m.group(2) or "")
-        elif qn.isalpha() and len(qn) == 1:
-            q_ord = (ord(qn), "")
-        else:
-            q_ord = (0, qn)
-        return (sec_ord, q_ord)
-
-    items.sort(key=sort_key)
-
-    # Fallback: known structure when text extraction yields nothing
-    if not items and year in WRT_MANUAL_COUNTS:
-        title_map = {s["section"]: s["title"] for s in sections_out}
-        for sid, title, _ in headers:
-            title_map.setdefault(sid, title)
-        sections_out = []
-        for sid, nums in WRT_MANUAL_COUNTS[year].items():
-            title = title_map.get(sid, "")
-            sections_out.append({"section": sid, "title": title, "question_count": len(nums)})
-            for n in nums:
-                items.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": f"igeo_{year}_wrt_{sid}{n}",
-                        "year": year,
-                        "host": info.get("host"),
-                        "test_type": "WRT",
-                        "section": sid,
-                        "section_title": title,
-                        "question_number": str(n),
-                        "marks": None,
-                        "question": None,
-                        "resource_refs": [],
-                        "source_pdf": info["question"],
-                        "marking_pdf": info.get("marking"),
-                        "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview",
-                    }
-                )
-
-    return {
-        "year": year,
-        "host": info.get("host"),
-        "test_type": "WRT",
-        "source_pdf": info["question"],
-        "marking_pdf": info.get("marking"),
-        **meta,
-        "sections": sections_out,
-        "question_count": len(items),
-        "items": items,
-    }
-
-
-def extract_fwe_tasks(year: int, sources: list[dict]) -> dict:
-    items = []
-    for src in sources:
-        path = ROOT / src["file"]
-        if not path.exists():
-            # fuzzy for garbled 2017 filename
-            matches = list(ROOT.glob(src["file"]))
-            if not matches and "TASK-1" in src["file"]:
-                matches = [p for p in ROOT.glob("2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1*.pdf")]
-            if not matches:
-                continue
-            path = matches[0]
-        text = extract_pdf_text(path, max_pages=8)
-        # Detect Task N headers
-        tasks = []
-        for m in re.finditer(
-            r"(?im)^\s*Task\s+(\d+[A-Z]?|[A-Z])\s*[:\-–.]?\s*([^\n]{0,100})",
-            text,
-        ):
-            tid = m.group(1).upper()
-            title = clean_ws(m.group(2))
-            if any(t["task_id"] == tid for t in tasks):
-                continue
-            mark_m = re.search(r"(\d+)\s*marks?", title, re.I)
-            tasks.append(
-                {
-                    "task_id": tid,
-                    "title": title[:120],
-                    "marks": int(mark_m.group(1)) if mark_m else None,
-                    "pos": m.start(),
-                }
-            )
-        # Also "Questions:" numbered items inside
-        if not tasks:
-            # treat whole booklet as one exercise unit, count numbered Qs
-            qs = re.findall(
-                r"(?m)^\s*(?:\d+\s*m(?:arks?)?\s+)?(\d{1,2})\s*[\.)]\s+(?:[A-Z]|Produce |Observe |Sketch |Draw |Name |Explain |Describe |Identify |Discuss |Suggest |Map |Annotate |Collect |Record )",
-                text,
-            )
-            nums = sorted({int(x) for x in qs if 1 <= int(x) <= 20})
-            if nums:
-                for n in nums:
-                    items.append(
-                        {
-                            "id": f"igeo_{year}_fwe_{src['label'].replace(' ', '_')}_q{n}",
-                            "year": year,
-                            "test_type": "FWE",
-                            "exercise": src["label"],
-                            "question_number": str(n),
-                            "marks": None,
-                            "question": None,
-                            "source_pdf": path.name,
-                            "extraction": "pdf_text",
-                        }
-                    )
-            else:
-                # one unit per source file
-                items.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": f"igeo_{year}_fwe_{src['label'].replace(' ', '_')}",
-                        "year": year,
-                        "test_type": "FWE",
-                        "exercise": src["label"],
-                        "question_number": "1",
-                        "marks": None,
-                        "question": clean_ws(text[:800]) if text.strip() else None,
-                        "source_pdf": path.name,
-                        "extraction": "file_unit",
-                    }
-                )
-        else:
-            for t in tasks:
-                items.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": f"igeo_{year}_fwe_{src['label'].replace(' ', '_')}_task{t['task_id']}",
-                        "year": year,
-                        "test_type": "FWE",
-                        "exercise": src["label"],
-                        "question_number": t["task_id"],
-                        "section_title": t["title"],
-                        "marks": t["marks"],
-                        "question": t["title"],
-                        "source_pdf": path.name,
-                        "extraction": "pdf_text",
-                    }
-                )
-    return {
-        "year": year,
-        "test_type": "FWE",
-        "question_count": len(items),
-        "items": items,
-    }
-
-
-def extract_mmt() -> dict:
-    path = ROOT / MMT_SOURCE
-    text = extract_pdf_text(path)
-    items = []
-    # Q 01 ... pattern
-    starts = list(re.finditer(r"(?m)^Q\s*(\d{1,2})\b", text))
-    if not starts:
-        starts = list(re.finditer(r"(?m)^(?:Question\s*)?(\d{1,2})\s*[\.)]\s+", text))
-    for i, m in enumerate(starts):
-        num = int(m.group(1))
-        if not (1 <= num <= 50):
-            continue
-        end = starts[i + 1].start() if i + 1 < len(starts) else min(len(text), m.start() + 1200)
-        body = clean_ws(text[m.start() : end])
-        if len(body) > 1500:
-            body = body[:1500] + "…"
-        choices = re.findall(r"(?m)^([A-D])\s*$|^([A-D])\s+[^\n]+", body)
-        items.append(
-            {
-                "id": f"igeo_mmt_sample_q{num:02d}",
-                "year": None,
-                "test_type": "MMT",
-                "question_number": str(num),
-                "marks": 1,
-                "question": body,
-                "source_pdf": MMT_SOURCE,
-                "extraction": "pdf_text",
-                "format": "multiple_choice",
-            }
-        )
-    # Dedup by number
-    by_num = {}
-    for it in items:
-        by_num[int(it["question_number"])] = it
-    items = [by_num[k] for k in sorted(by_num)]
-    # If stated 40 but extraction incomplete, pad structure
-    stated = 40
-    m = re.search(r"(?i)this test has\s+(\d+)\s+questions", text)
-    if m:
-        stated = int(m.group(1))
-    if len(items) < stated:
-        for n in range(1, stated + 1):
-            if n not in by_num:
-                items.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": f"igeo_mmt_sample_q{n:02d}",
-                        "year": None,
-                        "test_type": "MMT",
-                        "question_number": str(n),
-                        "marks": 1,
-                        "question": None,
-                        "source_pdf": MMT_SOURCE,
-                        "extraction": "stated_count_placeholder",
-                        "format": "multiple_choice",
-                    }
-                )
-        items.sort(key=lambda x: int(x["question_number"]))
-    return {
-        "test_type": "MMT",
-        "source_pdf": MMT_SOURCE,
-        "question_count": len(items),
-        "note": "Official sample only; yearly MMT packs are largely unpublished.",
-        "items": items,
-    }
-
-
-def main():
-    wrt_years = []
-    fwe_years = []
-    all_items = []
-
-    print("=== Extracting WRT ===")
-    for year, info in sorted(WRT_SOURCES.items()):
-        result = extract_wrt_year(year, info)
-        n = len(result.get("items", []))
-        print(f"  {year}: {n} questions, sections={result.get('sections_stated') or len(result.get('sections', []))} marks={result.get('max_marks')}")
-        wrt_years.append({k: v for k, v in result.items() if k != "items"})
-        all_items.extend(result.get("items", []))
-
-    print("=== Extracting FWE ===")
-    for year, sources in sorted(FWE_SOURCES.items()):
-        result = extract_fwe_tasks(year, sources)
-        print(f"  {year}: {result['question_count']} tasks/items")
-        fwe_years.append({"year": year, "question_count": result["question_count"]})
-        all_items.extend(result.get("items", []))
-
-    print("=== Extracting MMT ===")
-    mmt = extract_mmt()
-    print(f"  sample: {mmt['question_count']} questions")
-    all_items.extend(mmt["items"])
-
-    # Totals by type
-    wrt_items = [x for x in all_items if x["test_type"] == "WRT"]
-    fwe_items = [x for x in all_items if x["test_type"] == "FWE"]
-    mmt_items = [x for x in all_items if x["test_type"] == "MMT"]
-
-    summary = {
-        "dataset": "iGeo",
-        "full_name": "International Geography Olympiad",
-        "source": "https://geoolympiad.org/document-library/",
-        "grading": "RULE (keyed short answers) + RUBRIC (open fieldwork / extended response)",
-        "totals": {
-            "WRT": len(wrt_items),
-            "FWE": len(fwe_items),
-            "MMT": len(mmt_items),
-            "all": len(all_items),
-        },
-        "coverage": {
-            "WRT_years": sorted({x["year"] for x in wrt_items if x.get("year")}),
-            "FWE_years": sorted({x["year"] for x in fwe_items if x.get("year")}),
-            "MMT": "sample only",
-        },
-        "notes": [
-            "Counts are scored response units (numbered WRT items / lettered parts, FWE tasks, MMT MCQs).",
-            "PDF sources remain in this folder; this JSON is the structured index.",
-            "Some older/scanned PDFs have partial text extraction; question text may be null.",
-        ],
-        "wrt_by_year": [
-            {
-                "year": y["year"],
-                "host": y.get("host"),
-                "sections": len(y.get("sections", [])),
-                "max_marks": y.get("max_marks"),
-                "question_count": y.get("question_count")
-                or sum(s.get("question_count", 0) for s in y.get("sections", [])),
-            }
-            for y in wrt_years
-            if "error" not in y
-        ],
-        "fwe_by_year": fwe_years,
-    }
-
-    questions_path = OUT_DIR / "igeo_questions.json"
-    summary_path = OUT_DIR / "summary.json"
-
-    payload = {
-        "summary": summary["totals"],
-        "meta": {k: v for k, v in summary.items() if k != "totals"},
-        "questions": all_items,
-    }
-    questions_path.write_text(json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
-    summary_path.write_text(json.dumps(summary, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
-
-    # Also flat jsonl for streaming
-    jsonl_path = OUT_DIR / "igeo_questions.jsonl"
-    with jsonl_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        for it in all_items:
-            f.write(json.dumps(it, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
-
-    print("\n=== TOTALS ===")
-    print(f"WRT: {len(wrt_items)}")
-    print(f"FWE: {len(fwe_items)}")
-    print(f"MMT: {len(mmt_items)}")
-    print(f"ALL: {len(all_items)}")
-    print(f"Wrote {questions_path.name}, {summary_path.name}, {jsonl_path.name}")
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
diff --git a/benchmark/iGeo/igeo_questions.json b/benchmark/iGeo/igeo_questions.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 7dec13a2efd6d07a851a98a035f17d0298f486e3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/benchmark/iGeo/igeo_questions.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9260 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "summary": {
-    "WRT": 505,
-    "FWE": 55,
-    "MMT": 40,
-    "all": 600
-  },
-  "meta": {
-    "dataset": "iGeo",
-    "full_name": "International Geography Olympiad",
-    "source": "https://geoolympiad.org/document-library/",
-    "grading": "RULE (keyed short answers) + RUBRIC (open fieldwork / extended response)",
-    "coverage": {
-      "WRT_years": [
-        1996,
-        2006,
-        2008,
-        2010,
-        2012,
-        2013,
-        2014,
-        2015,
-        2016,
-        2017,
-        2018,
-        2019,
-        2021,
-        2022,
-        2023,
-        2024,
-        2025
-      ],
-      "FWE_years": [
-        1996,
-        2002,
-        2006,
-        2008,
-        2010,
-        2013,
-        2014,
-        2015,
-        2016,
-        2017,
-        2018,
-        2019,
-        2021,
-        2022,
-        2023,
-        2024,
-        2025
-      ],
-      "MMT": "sample only"
-    },
-    "notes": [
-      "Counts are scored response units (numbered WRT items / lettered parts, FWE tasks, MMT MCQs).",
-      "PDF sources remain in this folder; this JSON is the structured index.",
-      "Some older/scanned PDFs have partial text extraction; question text may be null."
-    ],
-    "wrt_by_year": [
-      {
-        "year": 1996,
-        "host": "The Hague, Netherlands",
-        "sections": 1,
-        "max_marks": 100,
-        "question_count": 4
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2006,
-        "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-        "sections": 11,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 41
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2008,
-        "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-        "sections": 7,
-        "max_marks": 80,
-        "question_count": 40
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2010,
-        "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 80,
-        "question_count": 35
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2012,
-        "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 30
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2013,
-        "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 30
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2014,
-        "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 30
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2015,
-        "host": "Tver, Russia",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 36
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2016,
-        "host": "Beijing, China",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 34
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2017,
-        "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 28
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2018,
-        "host": "Québec, Canada",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 31
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2019,
-        "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 30
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2021,
-        "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-        "sections": 5,
-        "max_marks": 75,
-        "question_count": 25
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2022,
-        "host": "Paris, France",
-        "sections": 5,
-        "max_marks": 75,
-        "question_count": 23
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2023,
-        "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 30
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2024,
-        "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 30
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2025,
-        "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-        "sections": 6,
-        "max_marks": 90,
-        "question_count": 28
-      }
-    ],
-    "fwe_by_year": [
-      {
-        "year": 1996,
-        "question_count": 1
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2002,
-        "question_count": 2
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2006,
-        "question_count": 1
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2008,
-        "question_count": 1
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2010,
-        "question_count": 2
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2013,
-        "question_count": 1
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2014,
-        "question_count": 3
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2015,
-        "question_count": 5
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2016,
-        "question_count": 6
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2017,
-        "question_count": 3
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2018,
-        "question_count": 4
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2019,
-        "question_count": 6
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2021,
-        "question_count": 7
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2022,
-        "question_count": 2
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2023,
-        "question_count": 3
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2024,
-        "question_count": 3
-      },
-      {
-        "year": 2025,
-        "question_count": 5
-      }
-    ]
-  },
-  "questions": [
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C17",
-      "year": 1996,
-      "host": "The Hague, Netherlands",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The water cycle",
-      "question_number": "17",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "17. Because of what human activity has lake Aral subsided? (2 marks)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": null,
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C18",
-      "year": 1996,
-      "host": "The Hague, Netherlands",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The water cycle",
-      "question_number": "18",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "18. Mention two causes of the rising salt content of lake Aral. (2 marks) \n\n===== PAGE 2 =====",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": null,
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C19",
-      "year": 1996,
-      "host": "The Hague, Netherlands",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The water cycle",
-      "question_number": "19",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "19. About 20 of the 24 species of fish in lake Aral have disappeared. Fishing, which amounted to 44,000 tons in \nthe fifties and which provided about 60,000 jobs, has gone down to zero. Make a connection between these facts \nand the subsidence of lake Aral. (2 marks)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": null,
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C20",
-      "year": 1996,
-      "host": "The Hague, Netherlands",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The water cycle",
-      "question_number": "20",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "20. The climate round lake Aral has changed. Summers have yielded higher temperatures, winters have become \ncolder. Because frost appears earlier and remains longer, the growth season has become shorter. Find a \nconnection between the changes in the climate and the subsidence of lake Aral. (3 marks)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": null,
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_11a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "Climate",
-      "question_number": "1a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1a In what time of the year (month) was this satellite image taken? (1m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_11b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "Climate",
-      "question_number": "1b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "1b Justify your choice by using information on this image. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_12a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "Climate",
-      "question_number": "2a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2a Mark the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) by drawing two (2) \nlines on the world map on worksheet 1. (1m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_12b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "Climate",
-      "question_number": "2b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2b How can this zone be identified on the map. (1m) \nWrite down the three (3) atmospheric processes that take place in this \nzone. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_13a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "Climate",
-      "question_number": "3a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3a Draw a circle on the image on worksheet 1 to indicate \n- one (1) low pressure area (with a L) (1m) \n- one (1) high pressure area (with a H) (1m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_13b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "Climate",
-      "question_number": "3b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3b Justify your choice for the area of high pressure. (1m) \n \nPressure areas in the world \n \n4 The subtropical zone of high pressure in the Southern Hemisphere is \nmuch more distinct than the same kind of zone in the Northern \nHemisphere. \nExplain why. (2m) \n \nClimates and type of vegetation in Africa (sources 2 and 3 of \nSection 1) \n \nThere are four images (1 - 4) that show the natural vegetation of four \nAfrican regions There are also two climate graphs (A and B) of two \nclimate stations in Africa. \n \n5 The climate graphs match two of the four vegetation images. What is the \ntype of vegetation that is related to: \n- climate station A? (1m) \n- climate station B? (1m) \n \n6 Justify your answer to the following. \n- A and image … : because … (1m) \n- B and image … : because … (1m) \n \n7 Write your name and country on worksheet 2. \nClearly show the location of the climate stations by writing the letters A \nand B on the map of Africa. (2m) \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration",
-      "question_number": "1a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "1a What is the significance of the plus and minus signs in the circles \nsymbolising regions of origin and destination of migrants? (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration",
-      "question_number": "1b",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "1b Name three (3) factors that might be regarded as ‘intervening obstacles’. \n(3m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21c",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration",
-      "question_number": "1c",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "1c With reference to the model above, describe two (2) reasons why a person \nwould choose NOT to migrate. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21d",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration",
-      "question_number": "1d",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "1d Using the terms used in the model, outline the major differences between \nPUSH and PULL migration. (4m) \n \n Refer to the source in Section 2 of the booklet. \nThis figure shows a population structure greatly influenced by migration. \nSome towns or regions wi thin countries of the more economically \ndeveloped world have this type of population structure.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_22a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration",
-      "question_number": "2a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2a Name two (2) factors other than age, that make migration a selective \nprocess. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_22b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration",
-      "question_number": "2b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2b Does this population structure belong to a town or region with a positive \nbalance of migration or with a negative balance of migration? \n Explain your choice. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_22c",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration",
-      "question_number": "2c",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2c If the population structure shown in the source resulted from a \npositive balance of migration, name two (2) possible economic \nbenefits for this town or region. (2m) \n \n3 Name two (2) disadvantages that migrants might experience in their new \ncountry. (2m) \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_31a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "3",
-      "section_title": "Volcano Merapi",
-      "question_number": "1a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1a Which geographical term is used to describe place A? (1m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_31b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "3",
-      "section_title": "Volcano Merapi",
-      "question_number": "1b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1b Which geographical term is used to describe the underground seismic \ncentre of the earthquake. (letter B in source 4)? (1m) \n \nThe earthquake was not extremely strong, yet the number of victims was \nrelatively high. \n2 Explain two (2) factors that contributed to the relatively high number of \nvictims. (2m) \n \nWrite your name and country on worksheet 3. \nJava is located on the edge of two geological plates. The cross section of",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_44a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and",
-      "question_number": "4a",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "4a For any country in the developed world, give three (3) reasons which \nhelp to explain the declining employment in manufacturing industry in \nthe last forty years. (3m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_44b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and",
-      "question_number": "4b",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "4b Name three (3) ways in which governments in the developed world have \nreacted to such a trend. (3m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_45a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and",
-      "question_number": "5a",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "5a Give one (1) social, one (1) economical and one (1) political reason why \nsome countries of the North supply foreign aid to some countries of the \nSouth. (3m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_45b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and",
-      "question_number": "5b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "5b Name two (2) benefits of foreign aid for the countries of the South. (2m) \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_51",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1. This test consists of five sections. \n1 Climate 18 marks \n2 The dynamics of population: migration 19 marks \n3 Volcano ‘Merapi’ 15 marks \n4 Economic activity and the business world 18 marks \n5 Fresh water in the Middle East 20 marks",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_51a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "1a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1a In what season is precipitation the lowest? (1m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_51b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "1b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "1b Explain your answer. (2m) \n \n \nRefer to map ‘Water between Turkey and the Gulf Region’ - Section 5, \nsource 2. \nApproximately 20% of the irrigated land in Iraq is no longer suitable for \nagriculture as a result of inappropriate methods of irrigation.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_52",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "2. The total of all marks is 90",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_52a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "2a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2a Describe an inappropriate method of irrigation that has a negative \nimpact on the soil. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_52b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "2b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2b Provide two (2) specific measures that could stop or reverse this process. \n(2m) \n \n \nIn several dry regions of the Middle East natural reservoirs of \ngroundwater occur. The capacity of a groundwater reservoir depends on \nthe nature of the rock formation",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_53",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "3. Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples et cetera). For \ninstance, if the question asks for two reasons and you give more than two, only \nthe first two reasons will be marked.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_53a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "3a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3a Which of the following rock formations has the highest capacity? (1m) \n- shale \n- sandstone \n- granite \n- limestone",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_53b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "3b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3b Explain your answer. (1m) \n \n \n4 Write your name on worksheet 4 ‘Fresh Water in the Middle East. \nThere are different principles that can be used in dividing river water \nrights between countries. The table in worksheet 4 lists a number of these \nprinciples. \nAnalyse the situation for the river Euphrates and the countries Turkey, \nSyria and Iraq. \nFor each principle indicate in column A which country would benefit, \nand in column B which country would be disadvantaged. (4m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_54",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "4. Answer all questions on your answer sheets or worksheets. \nUse a new answer sheet for each sections (1 - 5).",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_55",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "5. Write your name and country on each of the five answer sheets and the four \nworksheets.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_55a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "5a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "5a Compare principles 1 and 2. Both are geographical in nature. \n Mention two (2) reasons why principle 2 is to be preferred to \n principle 1. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_55b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "5b",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "5b Compare the principles 4 to 8. Mention one (1) of these principles that, in \nyour opinion, should be included in negotiations over water rights \nbetween states. Justify your choice. (3m) \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThe Greater Anatolian Project consists of a number of dams and artificial \nlakes in the river Euphrates in the South East of Turkey. It stimulates \nlarge scale irrigated agriculture. \nIt is to be expected that both the quantity and the quality of the water \ndownstream will be affected. \n \n6 Explain in what way(s) irrigation in South East Turkey can negatively \ninfluence the quality of the river water of the Euphrates. (2m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_56",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "6. The Sources booklet contains the maps and figures referred to in the questions.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_57",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "7. Time available: 150 minutes. \nNon-native speakers of English are allowed an additional 30 minutes.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_58",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East",
-      "question_number": "8",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "8. Non-native speakers of English are allowed to use dictionaries: English - native \nlanguage and native language - English. \n \n \nSuccess! \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.",
-      "question_number": "3a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3a Draw the path of both plates in the underground. (1m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.",
-      "question_number": "3b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3b Draw two (2) circles indicating the magma chambers mentioned in \n source 1. (1 m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3c",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.",
-      "question_number": "3c",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3c Write the following terms in the correct place in the cross section: \n(1m) \n- continental plate \n- oceanic plate \n- Java Trench",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3d",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.",
-      "question_number": "3d",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3d Draw two (2) arrows indicating the direction in which both plates move. \n (1m) \n \nWorksheet 3 ‘Volcano Merapi’ contains a map of the island of Java and \nthe surrounding sea. \n4 Draw a line on this map (source 2) indicating the path of the boundary \nbetween the oceanic and the continental plates. (1m) \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7 \n \n5 Explain why both volcanism and earthquakes occur on the island of Java. \n(2m) \n \n \nThe nature of volcanism on Java is quite different from volcanism on \nIceland. On Java granitic magma is found whereas Iceland has basaltic \nmagma.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I6a",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.",
-      "question_number": "6a",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "6a Use the words ‘high’ and ‘low’ to complete the columns ‘basaltic \nmagma’ and ‘granitic magma’ in the table on worksheet 3. (3m)",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I6b",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.",
-      "question_number": "6b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "6b Based on the properties of the Merapi magma, would an eruption be \nexplosive or quiet? (1m) \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_11a",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "International tourism",
-      "question_number": "1a",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "1a 4m Comment on the real and anticipated changes in international \ntourism, both regionally and world-wide, from 1950 to 2020, and \nsuggest three reasons for these changes on the global scale.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_11b",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "International tourism",
-      "question_number": "1b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "1b 2m Give two reasons why international tourism might NOT grow as \nmuch as expected.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_12",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "International tourism",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 2m Describe the spatial distribu tion of the world’s Top 10 Tourism \nDestinations (source 2) and give one possible reason for this \ndistribution.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_13",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "International tourism",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "3 2m Which countries had a higher or lower Top 10 Tourism Destinations \nrank in 2006 than they did in 2003? Suggest two reasons for these \nchanges.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_14",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "1",
-      "section_title": "International tourism",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 4m What are some of the positive and negative impacts of international \ntourism? Fill in one impact in each cell of Table 1 on worksheet 1. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_21",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 1m Lines 1 and 2 in source 1 demarcate ecosystems. \nWhat is the name of the ecosystem between the two lines?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_22a",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "2a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2a 1m The so-called Cold Pole is the place where the lowest winter temperatures \nin the Northern Hemisphere are measured. Mark on the map on \nworksheet 2 where the Cold Pole is located.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_22b",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "2b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2b 1m What is the lowest temperature ever recorded there in degrees Fahrenheit \nor Celsius?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_22c",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "2c",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2c 2m Give (besides the northerly location) two causes for these very harsh \nclimatic conditions.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_23",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3 1m How are the decrease in Arctic ice cover and the Gulf Stream (North \nAtlantic Drift) interlinked?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_24",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "4 3m Name two mammal species in the Arctic region which are threatened \nby global warming. Explain how they are threatened.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_25",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "5 2m Name two positive side effects of the decrease in Arctic ice.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_26",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "2",
-      "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "6 1m Name one political consequence for the Arctic region of the decrease in \n Arctic ice. \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_31",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "3",
-      "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "1 2m Why is the old town centre (source 3: built-up area until 1790) located at \nthe eastern fringe (edge) of modern Bogotá and not in the \ngeographical centre of the city?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_32",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "3",
-      "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 2 m Source 2 shows the population growth of Bogotá. Much of that \ngrowth was a result of rural-urba n migration in Colombia. Was this \ninfluence of more importance in Bogotá before or after 1985? \nWhich data in source 2 show this clearly?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_33",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "3",
-      "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "3 2m The city of Bogotá shows a clear social structure: the rich North and \nthe poor South. (source 1) \nWrite on your answer sheet the letters corresponding to all possible \nreasons for this strong contrast. \na) the climate \nb) the relief \nc) the location of the industry \nd) the railway lines \ne) the distribution of forests and recreational areas",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_34",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "3",
-      "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "4 3m Source 1 shows that the former Central Business District (CBD) was \nlocated in the old city centre whereas the new CBD is in the North of \nBogotá. \nGive three reasons for this shift.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_35",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "3",
-      "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "5 2m According to source 1 there is one area of very low socio-economic \nstatus and a nearby partly dange rous neighbourhood in the Northern \nhalf of Bogotá. Explain their location. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_41",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 1m In terms of energy supply, the mature industrial economies shown in \nsource 1 : \n1. have uniform sources and patterns of energy generation, \n2. are heavily dependent (more than 2/3 of energy supply) on non \nrenewable fuels alone, \n3. use a significant amount (more than 1/5 of energy supply) from \nnuclear energy sources, \n4. have exploited renewable hydro-electricity extensively (more than \n1/5 of energy supply).",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_42",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2 1m With reference to renewable energy (source 2 ), which of the following \nstatements is NOT true: \n1. the technologies of hydroelectricity generation are well known, \nbut further development is dependent on reliable runoff and \nsuitable dam sites, \n2. new technologies like wind power generation have appeared and \ngrown rapidly in generation capacity partly as a consequence of \nthe limited supply and high price of fossil fuels, \n3. geothermal options, using steam driven turbines to generate \nelectricity, are widely available geographically, with the potential \nto provide 15% of global energy needs in the next 10 years, \n4. 'Bio-fuels' like ethanol additives can complement oil-based \nenergy, but large scale conversion of croplands to grow fuel feed-\nstocks may threaten existing food supply. \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_43",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "3 1m The geographical patterns of gl obal oil use per cap ita are distinct \n(source 4 ). \nThey show \n1. mature industrial countries in temperate latitudes are the only \nmajor users of oil, \n2. more than half the world's population have oil use figures per \ncapita that are in the lowest two levels of oil consumption, \n3. only countries that have high levels of oil production have high \nlevels of oil consumption per capita, \n4. as emerging economies, China and India have higher levels of \nconsumption per capita than countries in South America.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_44",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "4 3m Explain how the globa l distribution of natura l resources contributes \nto differential patterns of sustainable energy generation.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_45",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "5 3m Using source 4 , provide an analysis of the global patterns of energy use as \nindicated in the distribution of oil consumption per capita.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_46",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "4",
-      "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "6 4m Coal and oil provided the fossil- fuel energy drivers of industrial \neconomies since 1780. Hydro power has been used as a renewable energy \nsupply for industry for about 100 years. Biomass, although controversial, \nwill fuel vehicles. \nWrite a paragraph (between 100-200 words) about wind and geothermal \ngeneration as renewable sources of industrial energy supply. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_51a",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system",
-      "question_number": "1a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1a 1m In which climate zone is Northern Nigeria situated?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_51b",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system",
-      "question_number": "1b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1b 1m Which major climatic characteri stic causes food to be spoiled in \nNorthern Nigeria ? \n \n \nSee source 1",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_52",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2 1m Describe why the pot-in-pot devi ce is particularly efficient in \novercoming the food spoilage problem in such climatic conditions. \n \n \nSee sources 1 and 2.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_53",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "3 4m Illustrate with four arguments why the pot-in-pot device is such a \nsuccessful concept in regions like Northern Nigeria. \n \n \nSee the introductory paragraphs and sources 1 and 2. \nBenefiting from Mohammed Bah Abba’s project, farmers sell products on \ndemand nowadays and family income level rises noticeably in the \ncommunities where the pot-in-pot device has been widely adopted.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_54",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "5",
-      "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "4 3m In addition to the economic effect, describe three positive impacts of this \nproject on societal aspects of the rural communities. \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_61",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "6",
-      "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "1 4m Write the letters A, B, D and E of the climate diagrams in source 1 on \nyour answer sheet and put the righ t city beside each letter. The \nclimate diagram of Beijing (C) can be used as a reference. \nChoose from the following cities: \n- Guangzhou \n- Lhasa \n- Shanghai \n- Urumqi",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_62",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "6",
-      "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2 1m Which proposition concerning Beijing is wrong? Write the number of the \nWRONG proposition on your answer sheet. \n1. The hot, humid, summers are due to the East Asian monsoon and \nthe cold, windy, dry winters reflect the influence of the vast \nSiberian anticyclone. \n2. The surrounding hills and low wind speeds restrict venting of \npollution, which build up over several days until dispersed by \nwind or removed by rain. \n3. Erosion of deserts in southern and southwestern China results in \nseasonal dust storms that plague the city. \n4. Hong Kong has similar weather conditions in summer and so is an \nideal place to serve as a pre-olympic base for overseas sports \nteams to acclimatize themselves.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_63",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "6",
-      "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "3 2m Photographs 1 and 2 in source 3 were taken in the vicinity of two cities. \nWrite the figures 1 and 2 of the photographs on your answer sheet and put \nthe right city from the list below beside each figure. \n- Beijing \n- Guangzhou \n- Lhasa \n- Shanghai \n- Urumqi \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11 \n \nSee source 4.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_64",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "6",
-      "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "4 2m If all visitors to the Olympic Games (2.500.000) could use the new toilets \n(3 times a day) during a two-week stay, approximately how much water \nin m³ would be saved?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_65",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "6",
-      "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "5 1m If only climatological conditions are considered, which city would be a \nbetter location than Beijing for a summer Olympics? \n1. Guangzhou \n2. Lhasa \n3. Shanghai \n4. Urumqi \n \n \nPlaying sport in Beijing might be difficult because of hot climate \nconditions in August and air pollution (smog). For dealing with these \nproblems there are some possible solutions.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_66",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "6",
-      "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "6 1m Which solution is NOT an option for the Beijing Olympics? \n1. Reschedule some endurance events. \n2. Reduce the number of (polluting) vehicles on the streets. \n3. Produce enough solar power on top of Olympic installations to \nclose a number of power plants. \n4. Shoot canisters, containing silver iodide or dry ice, into the sky to \ncreate rain. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_71",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "7",
-      "section_title": "Food problems",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "1 2m Describe the features of diets in the countries where the supply of \nnourishment is over 3000 kcal (kilocalories). \n \n \nSee source 2.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_72",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "7",
-      "section_title": "Food problems",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "2 1m For what reason has the supply of nutrition from 1970 to 2001 increased \nmore, for example, in the Arab Maghreb Union than in Developed \nCountries?",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_73",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "7",
-      "section_title": "Food problems",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "3 2m From source 2, you may understand the supply of nutrition has increased \nbecause of the Green Revolution in South Asia. Although that revolution \nhas contributed to the increase in the food harvest in this area, it has \nhelped broaden the gap between people with high and people with low \nsocio-economic status in the agricultural sector. \nExplain the reason for this broadening of the gap. \n \n \nSee source 3.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_74",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "7",
-      "section_title": "Food problems",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "4 3m Give three reasons (besides the Green Revolution) why the production of \nfood remains at a low level in Africa.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_wrt_75",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "7",
-      "section_title": "Food problems",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "5 2m Concerning food production and population, describe the differences \nbetween Europe and North & Central America on the one side, and Asia, \nChina and South America on the other side.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II1",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "II",
-      "section_title": "Flood",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1 Look at the table in Source 1, and calculate the recurrence interval (T) of the \npeak discharge in years 1925, 1938 and 1944. \n \n1925: .............................................................................................................. \n \n1938: .............................................................................................................. \n \n1944: .............................................................................................................. \n \n \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n \n \n 8 \nName student \nName team \n \nPlotting a semi-log graph \nOn semi-log graph paper, one axis has a log scale and the other axis has a \nlinear scale. The idea here is we use semi-log paper so that we can more easily \nsee details for small values as well as large values.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II2",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "II",
-      "section_title": "Flood",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 2 Plot the data points on the semi-log graph paper below with \nx-axis = Recurrence interval (T) (year), and y-axis = discharge (cfs x 1000). \nThen, draw a best-fit (not point-to-point) smooth curve to fit the data points. This \nis the flood-frequency curve for the given river at the specified location. \n \n \nSemi-log graph paper for flood-frequency curve \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n \n \n 9 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II3",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "II",
-      "section_title": "Flood",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3 With reference to the flood-frequency curve you have just constructed, answer \nthe following questions. \n \na What is the expected discharge during a ten-year flood (or flood of a ten-\nyear recurrence interval)? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nb What is the recurrence interval for a flood with a discharge of 200,000 cfs? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nTake a close look at Source 1.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II4a",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "II",
-      "section_title": "Flood",
-      "question_number": "4a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 4a Compare the ranks of the peak discharge (R) with the years in which they occur. \nWhat do you notice about the two sets of figures? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II4b",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "II",
-      "section_title": "Flood",
-      "question_number": "4b",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 4b Give three possible reasons why the pattern you have observed may have \noccurred. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n \n \n 10 \nName student \nName team \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n \n \n 11 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III1",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "III",
-      "section_title": "Population geography",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1 Give three characteristics of South Korea’s changing population structure. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III2",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "III",
-      "section_title": "Population geography",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2 Describe South Korea’s transition from an ‘aging’ to a ‘super-aged’ society. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III3",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "III",
-      "section_title": "Population geography",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3 Compare South Korea’s transition with that of the other countries for which data \nis supplied. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n \n \n 12 \nName student \nName team \n \nNowadays, economically developed countries suffer mainly from civilization \nillnesses, while economically less developed countries suffer from parasite and \ninfectious diseases.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III4a",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "III",
-      "section_title": "Population geography",
-      "question_number": "4a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4a Give two examples of civilization illnesses in economically developed countries: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \nGive two main causes of these diseases: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: ....................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III4b",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "III",
-      "section_title": "Population geography",
-      "question_number": "4b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4b Give two examples of parasite and infectious diseases in economically less \ndeveloped countries: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \nGive two main causes of these diseases: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \nGlobal epidemics, such as SARS, bird flu, swine flu etc., are more likely to \nhappen nowadays than they used to.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III5",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "III",
-      "section_title": "Population geography",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5 Give two reasons for this: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n \n \n 13 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV1",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 1 Identify two photos which represent a landscape developed in arid climates? \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV2",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2 Identify two landscapes (in photos A – F) where volcanic activity has partly \ncontributed to their formation. \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV3",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 3 Circle the name of the feature that photo D represents. \n \na dyke \nb sill \nc laccolith \nd batholith",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV4",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 4 Circle the name of the feature that photo E represents. \n \na hamada \nb wadi \nc dry canyon \nd playa",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV5a",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "5a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 5a What is the specific name of the features represented in photo F? \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV5b",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "5b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5b How are these landforms created? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV6",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 6 Name two regions of the world where a landscape like that in photo A can \ndevelop. \n \nRegion 1: ......................................................................................................... \n \nRegion 2: ......................................................................................................... \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n \n \n 14 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV7",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 7 The rock on which the landscape in photo C was created is (please circle your \nanswers) … \n \na granite \nb basalt \nc andesite \nd rhyolite \n \n… and it belongs to the … \n \na sedimentary group \nb metamorphic group \nc igneous group",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV8",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "IV",
-      "section_title": "Landforms",
-      "question_number": "8",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 8 What is the specific name of the feature represented in photo B? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nBriefly explain why this feature occurs. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n \n \n 15 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI1",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "VI",
-      "section_title": "Natural hazards",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1 Look at the photos and hints. \nName the country and the type of natural disaster that occurred. \n \nHints for … Country and type of disaster \nphoto A \nEarth’s axis shifted 8 cm; \nthe day is now 1.26 microseconds \nshorter. \n \n \nphoto B \nOver 230,000 deceased, air traffic \ncongestion. \n \n \n \nphoto C \n“Instead of cash, they sent us ash.” \n \n \n \n \nphoto D \nDuration of around 10 minutes; \nrupture of over 1300 km. \n \n \n \nphoto E \nCostliest disaster in the country left \n3 million people without electricity. \n \n \n \nphoto F \n11 missing workers; affected area \napproximately 100,000 km \n2. \n \n \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n \n \n 18 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI2",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "VI",
-      "section_title": "Natural hazards",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2 Locate these disasters (A – F) on the map.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI3",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "VI",
-      "section_title": "Natural hazards",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3 Which of the natural disasters listed in question 1 on average causes the most \nhuman casualties? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nGive four reasons. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n4: .................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n \n \n 19 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI4",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "VI",
-      "section_title": "Natural hazards",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6m 4 Choose two different types of disaster you have identified. For each one , name \ntwo effects on the local population, environment and economy. \n \nEffects on local ... Disaster \npopulation environment economy \n1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n2 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nmarks",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I1",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1 On the list below circle three targets of the MDGs that are targeted by this \nproject. \n− A global partnership for development \n− Achieve universal primary education \n− Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases \n− Ensure environmental sustainability \n− Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger \n− Improve maternal health \n− Promote gender equality and empower women",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I2",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2 Why give women in Burkina Faso the opportunity to receive a micro-loan? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I3",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3 Give four activities for which women might use micro-loans. \n \n1:..................................................................................................................... \n \n2:..................................................................................................................... \n \n3:..................................................................................................................... \n \n4:.....................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I4",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4 Circle three countries where the use of micro-loans could be a way to achieve \nthe Millennium Development Goals. \n \nBangladesh Kuwait \nCanada Nicaragua \nGermany Sudan \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n \n \n 6 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I5",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "I",
-      "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 5 Which three countries from the table above have a lot of migrant workers? \nGive a specific reason for each of the chosen countries. \n \nCountry 1 and reason: ..................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nCountry 2 and reason: ..................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nCountry 3 and reason: ..................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n \n \n 7 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V1",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "V",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and environment",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1 Describe briefly the main characteristics of the structure of Indian agriculture. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V2",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "V",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and environment",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2 Construct a vicious circle about the causes and consequences of the structure of \nIndian agriculture. Make sure your circle consists of at least five components. \nStart your vicious circle with Poverty. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n \n \n 16 \nName student \nName team \n \nAgain take a close look at the two photos in Source 1.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V3",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "V",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and environment",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 3 What problems might the farmers in the photos have when they try to irrigate \ntheir land? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nThe satellite image in Source 2a is taken at the border of Haiti and the \nDominican Republic, countries that share the island of Hispaniola in the Greater \nAntilles. Though the two countries had quite similar natural environments when \nthe Spaniards arrived in these territories in the 16 \nth century, Haiti (roughly the \nleft part of the image) has changed this environment quite drastically in the last \ndecades. \n \nUsing the information provided by the Sources 2a, 2b and 2c, answer the \nfollowing questions.",
-      "resource_refs": [],
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-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V4",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "V",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and environment",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 4 Identify the main environmental problem Haiti is facing in this area. \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V5",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "V",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and environment",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5 Explain the causes of this environmental problem. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V6",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "V",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and environment",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 6 The impact of this environmental problem on the people of Haiti is immense, but \nit also has an impact on the physical environment. \nName three different physical impacts arising from this environmental \nproblem. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n \n \n 17 \nName student \nName team",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
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-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
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-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
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-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
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-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
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-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
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-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A6",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
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-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A7",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
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-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
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-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E6",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1. Study the Diercke International Atlas (later on referred to as the Atlas) pages 196–197 map 1 \n“Tourism”. \nIdentify the 3 main areas of the world where tourism is important because of the relative \nnumber of visitors to the number of inhabitants according to the map key. \nSuggest reasons why these areas attract so many tourists. \n \nArea 1: ........ ....... ......... ........... ...... ....... Reasons: ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nArea 2 : ................................................ Reasons: ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nArea 3 : ................................................ Reasons: ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 2. Study the Atlas pages 56 –57 maps “Europe – Tourism”, especially map 3 “Albir and \nBenidorm – Different types of tourism”. \nCompare and contrast the tourist resorts of Albir and Benidorm. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3. Describe the goals of ecotourism. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 4. To what extent are protected areas (e.g. national parks) effective in the conservation of \nnatural environments? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1. Study Resource Booklet Sources B1–B3 pictures of the volcanoes. \nIn the table below n ame the types of volcano in the 3 photographs and in a few words \ndescribe the tectonic conditions under which each volcano was formed , using the A tlas \npages 174–175 map 1 “Plate tectonics, volcanism and earthquakes”. \n \n Haleakalā Merapi Surtsey \nVolcano \ntype \n \nTectonic \nconditions",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Explain the difference in shape between the volcanoes of Haleakalā and Merapi. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3. Which of the 3 volcanoes in the pictures will probably pose the biggest threat to people and \nthe environment in the near future? Give reasons for your choice. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Source B4 picture of the volcano. \nDescribe the different phases of volcanic activity of the area in the photograph. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5. Outline 2 ways in which scientists try to forecast volcanic eruptions. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B6",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 6. Explain why some people live on the slopes of active volcanoes. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Managing Urban Areas",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 1. Study the cartoon which makes a comment on the process of urban sprawl. \nExplain the causes and the consequences of urban sprawl. \n \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Managing Urban Areas",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6m 2. Outline the effects of urban structure upon microclimate in the urban area. \n \nTemperature Wind Humidity",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Managing Urban Areas",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 3. Identify and discuss 2 ways in which management practices could make urban areas more \nsustainable. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "World Energy Production",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Source D1 the map showing world distribution of electricity \nproduced from gas. \nDescribe the pattern of global electricity production from gas as shown on the map. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "World Energy Production",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Why do shale rocks often contain gas deposits? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "World Energy Production",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Study the textbox below on ‘A New Resource’. \nWhy is the extraction of shale gas by fracking more difficult than conventional gas extraction? \n \nA New Resource \n \nThe use of new technology has revealed that there are large reserves of natural gas in \nshale rocks. In the United States shale gas has become an increasingly important source \nof natural gas since the start of this century, and interest has spread to potential gas \nshales in the rest of the world. In 2000 shale gas provided only 1% of the natural gas \nproduction in the United States; by 2010 it was over 20%. \n \nThe conventional gas resources are much easier to extract compared to shale gas. The \nuse of a new technique, called fracking, has increased the possibilities of shale gas \nexploitation. With the use of explosives, cracks are made in the shale at depths of up to 3 \nor 4 kilometres. Afterwards water, sand and chemicals are pumped into the boreholes. The \nsand fills the cracks and keeps them open. After the water is pumped away, gas will flow \nout of the shales. From one borehole gas can be extracted from the nearby shales. But the \nboreholes eventually have to be relocated to another area. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "World Energy Production",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Source D2 the block diagram showing the fracking process. \nGive 2 possible impacts on the environment of increasing shale gas extraction. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "World Energy Production",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5. Give 2 reasons why countries in South America, such as Venezuela and Brazil, might not \nhave the exploitation of shale gas as a high priority. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D6",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "World Energy Production",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 6. Give 2 reasons why some Western European countries are particularly interested in shale \ngas exploitation in addition to conventional energy production. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D7",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "World Energy Production",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 7. Discuss ways in which governments can reduce the amount of en ergy use d in their \ncountries. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1. Study the Atlas pages 176–177 map 4 “World climates – Effective classification according to \nA. Siegmund and P. Frankenberg”. \nGive 3 reasons for climatic differences between Juba (southern Sudan, now known as South \nSudan) and Cuzco (Peru). \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. Study the Atlas pages 178–179 Map “The world – Ecozones/vegetation”. \nExplain how the different ecozones/vegetation types surrounding Juba and Cuzco are \ninfluenced by the climate. \n \nJuba: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nCuzco: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Study Resource Booklet Source E1 graph showing climate aspects of southern Sudan. \nThe rise in average air temperature could be used to support the argument for global \nwarming. \nSuggest 2 reasons why people might oppose this view, using the graph. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Source E1 graph showing climate aspects of southern Sudan. \nThe decrease in evapotranspiration is greater than in rainfall. \nWhy in very warm regions can increasing air temperatures reduce evapotranspiration? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 5. Predict the consequences for local farmers as a result of this climate change in southern \nSudan. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E6",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 6. Study Resource Booklet Source E2 the climate change maps of Sudan. \nUsing the black-and-white maps below: \na) Sketch on Map A – your prediction for the location of the 500 mm rainfall isohyet for \nthe period 2010–2039 if the trends continue. \nb) Sketch on Map B – your prediction for the location of the 30°C isotherm for the period \n2010–2039 if the trends continue. \nBase your answer on prior knowledge and the Atlas pages 162 –163 “Northern Africa – \nPhysical map”. \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "World Development",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Sources F1 and F2 graphs. \nCompare the relationships between the indicators of development shown in the 2 graphs. \n \nGraph 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nGraph 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "World Development",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 2. Complete the table below to make a ranking of development based on t he 6 different indices \nfor the 16 selected countries. Each of the indices has been ranked using the 5 divisions of \nthe key shown below the maps. The rankings for Life expectancy, Infant mortality, Food \nsupply, Availability of drinking water and Gender -related illiteracy have been completed for \nyou. \na) Complete the ranking for Literacy using the key t o the A tlas page 193 map 4 \n“Literacy”. \nb) Sum the ranks for each country. \nc) Using the sum of rankings column create 4 categories of development and use this to \ncomplete the map to show the variation in stages of development of the 16 countries. \n \n \nLife expectancy \nInfant mortality \nFood supply \nAvailability of \ndrinking water \nLiteracy \nGender-related \nilliteracy \nSum of rankings \nCategories of \ndevelopment \n(map key) \nArgentina 4 3 5 5 2 \nBolivia 3 2 3 3 1 \nBrazil 4 3 4 3 3 \nCanada 5 4 5 5 3 \nEgypt 4 3 5 4 1 \nFrance 5 4 5 5 3 \nIndia 3 2 3 3 3 \nIran 4 3 5 4 1 \nLaos 3 2 3 2 1 \nMali 2 1 2 1 1 \nNepal 3 2 3 3 1 \nNorway 4 4 5 5 2 \nUganda 1 2 2 4 1 \nUkraine 3 3 5 5 3 \nSouth Africa 2 2 5 3 1 \nSpain 5 4 5 5 3 \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21 \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 22 =====\n22",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "World Development",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 3. Complete the table below by suggesting a reason for how each of the following factors: \na) Dependency and a colonial past and \nb) World trade and globalisation \nhas contributed to those countries with the highest levels of development and those with the \nlowest levels of development. \n \n Dependency and colonial past World trade and globalisation \nCountries \nwith \nthe \nhighest \nlevels \nof \ndevelopment \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCountries \nwith \nthe \nlowest \nlevels \nof \ndevelopment",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "World Development",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 4. Discuss the causes and the consequences of development gaps within countries. \nIllustrate your answer with examples. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nend ",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geology and Coastal Landforms",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: The rock cycle (rock formation). \nFill in the table: \na) Describe the processes occurring at stages A, B and C of the rock cycle; \nb) Name the rock type formed at each stage and give an example. \n \nStage Process Rock type \nand example \nA \nRock type: \n \n \nExample: \n \n \n \nB \nRock type: \n \n \nExample: \n \n \n \nC \nRock type: \n \n \nExample:",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geology and Coastal Landforms",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure A2: A rocky coast. \nChoose 2 features of the coastline and explain in detail how natural processes are shaping \nthem. \n \nFeature 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural processes: .................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6 \nFeature 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural processes: .................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geology and Coastal Landforms",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 3. Draw an annotated diagram or set of diagrams to show how a delta is formed. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Forest Resources",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Explain how people can benefit from forests (other than wood as a raw material). \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Forest Resources",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figures B1: Three types of forest. \nFill in the table: \na) Name the types of forest; \nb) Match each type of forest to the climate graph (A, B and C). \n \n \n \nType of \nforest \n \nClimate \ngraph \n \n \n \nClimate graphs of 3 locations \nsource: http://www.klimadiagramme.de \n \n \nStudent number: \nA B C \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Forest Resources",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2: Global forest ecosystem change, 2005. \nName the 2 main types of forest in which there is a net loss. \n \nType 1: ..................................................................................................................... \n \nType 2: .....................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Forest Resources",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 4. Give 3 reasons for the loss of forest worldwide. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Forest Resources",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 5. Study Table B1 below: World forest cover in 2010 by geographical regions (source: FAO, \n2013). \n \nGeographical region % of \nworld \nforests \nForest structure (%) \nnatural naturally \nregenerated \nplanted \nAfrica 16.7 9.6 87.4 3 \nLatin America 23.7 73.1 24.9 2 \nAngloamerica 15.2 39.2 55.2 5.6 \nAsia 14.7 18.6 60.7 20.7 \nEurope (with Russian Federation) 24.9 26.2 66.9 6.9 \nAustralia and Oceania 4.7 18.6 79.3 2.1 \nWORLD 100.0 35.7 57.3 6.9 \n \na) Which geographical region has the largest percentage of forest that ha s been \nreforested? \nOutline 2 reasons for your choice. \n \nRegion: ..................................................................................................................... \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nb) Which geographical region has the smallest percentage of forest that has been \nreforested? \nOutline 2 reasons for your choice. \n \nRegion: ..................................................................................................................... \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ..................................................................................…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Ecological footprint by component, 1961–2007. \nIn which year was world biocapacity exceeded? \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Outline the trends of the global ecological footprint as shown in Figure C1. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: Composition of low, middle and  high  income  countries’  \necological footprint per capita, 1961–2007. \nIdentify which of the graphs A, B or C represents high income countries. \nJustify your choice with 2 reasons. \n \nHigh income countries are represented by graph: ........................................................ \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 4. Explain how the economic recession that started in 2007 could have affected the ecological \nfootprint of the 3 different income economies. \n \nLow income countries: ............................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMiddle income countries: ........................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \nHigh income countries: .............................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 5. Study Table C1 below: Ecological footprint and biocapacity, 2007 (source: National Footprint \nAccounts 2010 edition). \n \nFill in the blank highlighted spaces in Table C1. \n \n \n \nCountries \nPopulation \n(million) \nEcological footprint \n(global hectares \nper capita) \nBiocapacity \n(global hectares \nper capita) \nEcological deficit or \nreserve \nSouth Africa 49.173 2.3 1.1 -1.2 \nTunisia 10.069 1.9 1 -0.9 \nZambia 12.314 0.9 2.3 1.3 \nChina 1,336.551 2.2 1 -1.2 \nIndia 1,164.67 0.9 0.5 -0.4 \nJapan 127.396 4.7 0.6 -4.1 \nMongolia 2.611 5.5 15.1 \nSaudi Arabia 24.68 5.1 0.8 -4.3 \nUnited Arab Emirates 6.248 10.7 0.8 \nGermany 82.343 5.1 1.9 -3.2 \nNetherlands 16.46 6.2 1 -5.2 \nRussian Federation 141.941 4.4 5.7 1.3 \nUnited Kingdom 61.129 4.9 1.3 -3.6 \nArgentina 39.49 2.6 7.5 4.9 \nBrazil 190.12 2.9 9 \nMexico 107.487 3 1.5 -1.5 \nUnited States of America 308.674 8 3.9 -4.1 \nAustralia 20.854 6.8 14.7 7.9 \nNew Zealand 4.193 4.9 10.8 5.9 \nWORLD 6,671.557 2.7 1.8 -0.9",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C6",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 6. How  many  planet  Earths  would  be  needed  if  the  world’s  ecological footprint was the same as \nthat of South Africa, based on Table C1? \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C7",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 7. Comment on the differences between the ecological deficits or reserves of countries in: \na) Africa and \nb) Oceania (Australasia), \nbased on Table C1. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C8",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint",
-      "question_number": "8",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 8. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: Number of planets scenarios, 2007. \nSuggest some of the ways in which \na) individuals, \nb) industries and businesses \ncould reduce the ecological footprint overshoot and achieve the rapid reduction scenario? \n \nIndividuals: ............................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndustries and businesses: ......................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1. Suggest how global warming could affect food supplies in Africa. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n.......................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. Suggest how global warming might affect the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the \nsouthern Pacific. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n.......................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: The height of land above sea level in Bangladesh. \nHow high would sea level have to rise to flood Dhaka? \nMark the correct box. \n \n < 2 m \n 2–5 m \n > 5 m \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Solar-powered floating boat school in Bangladesh. \nExplain how the climate and physical environment of Bangladesh mean that this type of \nschool may become more common. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 5. Give 2 different circumstances (other than flooding) in which people might become \n‘environmental  refugees’.  For  each,  explain  how  different  impacts  lead  to  people  losing  their  \nhomes. \n \nCircumstance 1: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nCircumstance 2: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population and Health",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: Life expectancy in high and low income countries, 2004–\n2012. \nSuggest 3 reasons for the differences in life expectancy between high and low income \ncountries. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population and Health",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure E2: Cancer incidence in Asia, 2008. \nDescribe 3 significant differences in cancer incidence between South-Eastern Asia and \nEastern Asia. \n \nDifference 1: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nDifference 2: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nDifference 3: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population and Health",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3: Malaria incidence, 2000–2012. \nDescribe and explain the pattern and trend of malaria incidence. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population and Health",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 4. Explain briefly 4 possible measures to reduce the spread of infectious diseases as global \ntourism and travel increase. \n \nMeasure 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasure 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasure 3: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasure 4: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 1. What is globalisation? \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. Give 3 factors that have influenced the process of globalisation. \n \nFactor 1: ................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFactor 2: ................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFactor 3: ................................................................................................................... \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 3. Study Table F1 below: Examples of adaptations by Transnational Corporations (TNCs). \n \nEntertainment industry Food industry \nx Mickey Mouse is dressed in traditional \nJapanese clothes in the Disney theme \npark located there. \nx MTV has created a range of music \nInternet stations for different countries \nall over the world. \nx Unilever has designed a range of Wall’s  \nice creams for Indonesia that uses more \ncoconut. \nx McDonald’s  opened  a  100%  vegetarian  \nrestaurant in Amritsar, India, home of a \nsacred Sikh temple. \n \nExplain, giving 2 reasons why transnational corporations (TNCs) adapt their products for \ndifferent markets. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure  F1:  Distribution  of  the  McDonald’s  Restaurants,  1940–2007. \nDescribe and  suggest  reasons  for  the  global  spread  of  McDonald’s  Restaurants  since  1940. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure  F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F5",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 5. Describe and explain why some groups of people gain from the growth of TNCs in the host \ncountries while others lose out. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n....................................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................................... \n \nend „",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Weathering",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Explain how erosion is different from weathering. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Weathering",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Types of weathering. \nFor both photographs a and b, identify the type of weathering shown and explain the \nprocesses that lead to such an outcome. \n \nPhotograph a – type of weathering : ................................ ................................ ............ \n \nProcesses: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nPhotograph b – type of weathering : ................................ ................................ ............ \n \nProcesses: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Weathering",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Account for 2 ways in which biological weathering can occur. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Weathering",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 4. Study Peltier’s weathering diagram below. \nDetermine (circle the right answer) whether the role of chemical weathering will increase if: \na) Air temperature decreases and precipitation decreases, \nb) Air temperature decreases and precipitation increases, \nc) Air temperature increases and precipitation decreases, \nd) Air temperature increases and precipitation increases. \n \n \n \nPeltier’s weathering diagram : weathering regions of the world in relation to mean annual \ntemperature and rainfall, after Peltier (1950) \n(http://www.slideshare.net/maliadamit/rock-and-weathering-booklet). \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Weathering",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 5. Study climate graphs a and b below. \na) Match climate graphs a and b with the right city from the list below: \n● Cape Town (South Africa), \n● Casablanca (Morocco), \n● Kingston (Jamaica), \n● Kolkata (India), \n● Lima (Peru), \n● Reykjavík (Iceland). \nb) Use Peltier’s weathering diagram above to identify the dominant type of weathering in \nthese cities. \nWrite your answers in the table below. \n \n \nClimate graphs \n(http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/WhatisClimatology/ClimographsforSelectedInternationalCities.aspx). \n \nClimate \ngraph \nCity Dominant type of weathering \na \nb",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A6",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Weathering",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 6. What other factors can affect the rate of weathering apart from climate? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \na b \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for additional space for your notes or clearly marked answers if you wish). \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tropical Storms",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study the diagram below: Cross-section of a tropical storm. \nLabel the diagram below using letters (A–F) for the following phrases: \nA – Warm, moist air drawn into the area of low pressure, \nB – Central eye where there is no cloud, \nC – Water vapour evaporated from the warm sea surface, \nD – Spiralling winds around the low pressure, \nE – Descending dry air drawn into the centre of the system, \nF – Bands of rain and thick cloud. \n \n \nCross-section of a tropical storm \n(Miller, T. (ed.) 2009: Geography Teacher Guide. Heinemann).",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tropical Storms",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Path of Cyclone Hudhud. \nDescribe the movement of C yclone Hudhud and its changes in magnitude between 9 th \nand 13th October 2014. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tropical Storms",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Path of Cyclone Hudhud. \nGive a reason for the changes in the magnitude of Cyclone Hudhud. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tropical Storms",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. List the features of the weather you could measure at a weather station during the \npassage of a tropical cyclone. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tropical Storms",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 5. Account for the global distribution of tropical cyclones/hurricanes. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B6",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tropical Storms",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 6. Study the diagram below: Classification of mass movements. \nFill in the boxes in the diagram below using the following words: ‘dry’, ‘fast’, ‘slow’ and ‘wet’. \n \n \n \nClassification of mass movements \n(http://wmc.landfood.ubc.ca/webapp/media/IWM/watershed-science/sediment-cycles/Flow%20Diagram.png).",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B7",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tropical Storms",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 7. Explain how mud flows , earth flows and rotational slides (see Classification of mass \nmovements diagram above) can be possible consequences of tropical storms. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for additional space for your notes or clearly marked answers if you wish). \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: A photograph of an area of Iceland and Figure C2: A \nlarge-scale map of an area of Iceland. \na) Mark with an X the position where the photographer was standing on the marked trail on \nthe black-and-white map below. \nb) Draw an arrow to show the direction in which the photograph was taken on the black-\nand-white map below. \n \n \nFigure C2: A large-scale map of an area of Iceland \n(Skaftafell). \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1",
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: A large-scale map of an area of Iceland. \nDescribe the distribution of the ice masses. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: A large-scale map of an area of Iceland. \nWhich sketch cross-section below – a, b, c or d – best represents the shape of the land \nbetween points A and B? \n \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \na b \nc d \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: A small-scale map of an area of Iceland. \nDraw a rectangle to represent the area shown by the large-scale map (Figure C2) on the \nblack-and-white map below. \n \n \nFigure C3: A small -scale map of an area of Iceland \n(Mál og menning). \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2",
-        "Figure C3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5. Outline the ways in which photographs (e.g. Figure C1) and maps (e.g. Figures C2 and C3) \ncan contribute to describing the characteristics of an area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C6",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 6. Explain how climatic conditions lead to the formation of ice masses. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C7",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 7. Using your own knowledge, outline 2 ways in which cold environments can be used for short \nterm gains. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Water Conflicts",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study the diagram below: A simplified diagram of the water cycle. \nOutline 2 ways in which human interference in the water cycle can affect the availability of \nwater. \n \n \nA simplified diagram of the water cycle \n(ygraph.com). \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Water Conflicts",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2. Study the table below: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nComplete the percentages in column 6 (Share of water withdrawn from Nile (%)). \n \nStatistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin \n(Aquastats: FAO). \n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \nCountry \nPrecipitation \n(mm) \nPopulation \n(millions) \nUrban \npopulation (%, \n2014) \nTotal water \nwithdrawn \nfrom Nile \n(million m3) \nShare of water \nwithdrawn \nfrom Nile \n(%) \nWithdrawal by use \n(%) \n \n \n2010 \n2025 \n(predicted) \n \n \n \nAgriculture \nDomestic \nIndustry \nSudan 250 33 58.4 34 26,935 97 2.6 0.4 \nEthiopia 848 83 126.9 19 5,550 93.6 6 0.4 \nEgypt 51 78.7 97.3 43 68,000 62.8 86 8 6 \nUganda 162 31.7 48.1 16 637 40 44.7 15 \nBurundi 1,274 7.1 10.1 12.1 288 0.3 77 17 0.6 \nRwanda 1,212 8.1 15.8 18.9 150 0.1 68 24 8 \nTanzania 1,071 52.3 70.9 26.4 5,184 89.4 10.2 0.5 \nEritrea 384 4.3 8.7 20 582 0.5 94.5 5.3 0.2 \nCongo \n(DRC) \n1,210 62.2 81.4 41 356 0.3 31.5 52.2 16.3 \nSouth \nSudan \n120 9.9 16.5 17 658 0.6 94.7 5 0.3 \nTotal 108,304",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Water Conflicts",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Study the table above: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nDraw a diagram in the space below, using the figures from column 6 to show how the water \nwithdrawn from the Nile is shared between countries. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Water Conflicts",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: A physical and political map of the Nile Basin and the \ntable above: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nUsing them and your own knowledge, give 2 reasons why the physical geography of this \narea puts water supply at risk in this region. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Water Conflicts",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: A physical and political map of the Nile Basin and the \ntable above: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nUsing them and your own knowledge, discuss the threats to water security arising from the \nhuman geography of the area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D6",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Water Conflicts",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Figure D3: Solar \npanels provide electricity for villages in Egypt with no access to centralised power. They \nprovide sustainable solutions for the supply of water, for example from groundwater sources. \nEvaluate the effects of projects such as: \na) The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and \nb) solar powered water pumps \non the future provision of water for Sudan and Egypt. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2",
-        "Figure D3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Living in Slums",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: Satellite image of Petare slum in Caracas, Venezuela, \n2010. \nCompare the features of land use of the Petare slum area with its surrounding area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Living in Slums",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure E2: Map showing urban land use in Madras (Chennai), India. \nExplain why slum settlements are located at each of the sites A, B and C (marked on the \nmap) within Madras (Chennai). \n \nSite A: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nSite B: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nSite C: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Living in Slums",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3: Socio -economic structure of the slum population in \nMadras (Chennai), India, 2006. \nIdentify 2 different obstacles to achieving a higher standard of living faced by slum \ndwellers in Chennai, India. For each obstacle, outline why it is a problem. \n \nObstacle 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nObstacle 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Living in Slums",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 4. The Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board aims to clear all the slums in Chennai and provide \nself-contained hygienic housing for slum dwellers. Discuss the advantages and \ndisadvantages of this approach. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: Traditional houses around the world (a–d). \nThese traditional houses are characteristic of which numbered locations (■) marked on \nthe world map below? \nWrite your answers in the table below. \n \n \nWorld map with numbered locations (■). \n \nTraditional house Location number \na \nb \nc \nd",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Identify 4 factors that influence different types of traditional houses in particular locations \naround the world. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 22 =====\n22",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Map of South America’s indigenous languages. \nCompare the distribution of the native languages in Brazil and in Peru. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Map of South America’s indigenous languages. \nSuggest reasons for the different distributions. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F5",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5. Suggest 2 ways in which a local community can preserve its indigenous language(s) and \nits cultural heritage. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F6",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 6. Discuss the ways in which globalisation negatively influences the environments and \ncultures of traditional societies around the world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nend ",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: A photograph taken on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji. \nWhich of the locations A–F was most recently affected by a landslide? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2. Study the figure below: The climatic data of Pacific Harbour, a city on the island of Viti Levu, \nFiji. \nWhich 4 months have the highest risk of landslides? \n \n \nThe climatic data of Pacific Harbour, a city on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji \n(http://en.climate‐data.org/location/775064). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3. Identify 6 natural triggers that can cause landslides. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n5: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n6: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n \nJ F M A M J J A S O N D\nRainfall (mm) 307 280 347 321 219 144 133 129 158 188 224 223\nTemperature (°C) 26,5 26,7 26,3 25,5 24,4 23,7 22,8 22,8 23,4 24,3 25,1 25,9\n0\n50\n100\n150\n200\n250\n300\n350\n400\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\n26\n27\nRainfall (mm) \nTemperature (°C) \nPacific Harbour, island of Viti Levu, Fiji \n \nAltitude: 6 m Climate: Af °C: 24.8 mm: 2673 \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 4. Identify 6 human activities that can cause landslides. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n5: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n6: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 5. Give 3 ways in which a landslide can cause damage to the environment and to people. \n \nDamage 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nDamage 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nDamage 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A6",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 6. Outline 2 measures that can reduce the possibility of landslides occurring. \n \nMeasure 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tsunamis",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 1. Draw an annotated diagram(s) to show how a tsunami can be caused by an earthquake. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tsunamis",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Study the figure below: Tsunami travel time contours with 30 minutes interval. \na) Provide the coordinates of the point A. \nb) If the tsunami occurred at 06:57 GMT at the location marked by the point A, what time \nwould it reach point B on the map? \n \n \nTsunami travel time contours with 30 minutes interval \n(http://www.incois.gov.in/DSSProducts/Product_RTWP/Web/images/02_dss120110183700_travel_time_A.jpg). \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \nb) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tsunamis",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Study the figure below: The relationship between the area of coastal vegetation and human \ndeath toll in various districts in Tamil Nadu, India in the wake of the Boxing Day Tsunami of \n2004. \nDescribe the relationship between the area of coastal vegetation and human death toll. \n \n \nThe relationship between the area of coastal vegetation and human death toll in various \ndistricts in Tamil Nadu, India in the wake of the Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 \n(Kathiresan, K. and N. Rajendran 2005: Coastal mangrove forests mitigated tsunami. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 65 \n(3): 601–606, figure 2, p. 604, doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.06.022). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "figure 2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tsunamis",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 4. Explain 2 ways in which the establishment or maintenance of coastal vegetation can aid in \ntsunami hazard management. \n \nWay 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nWay 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tsunamis",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 5. In 2004 the Boxing Day Tsunami waves brought illegally dumped radioactive nuclear waste \nonto Somalia’s coast. \nExplain its effect for Somalia’s economy. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Height contour map of the region around Phewa Lake. \nEstimate the height of the surface of the lake. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Height contour map of the region around Phewa Lake. \nEstimate the length of the perimeter of Phewa Lake. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures C1 : Height contour map of the region around Phewa Lake \nand \nC2: A land use map of the Phewa Lake Catchment Area. \nDraw a labelled profile of the transect A–B using both maps. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: Change in Phewa Lake area between 1988 and 2012. \nDescribe the changes in the area of Phewa Lake between 1988 and 2012. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: A land use map of the Phewa Lake Catchment Area. \nExplain how the land use surrounding Phewa Lake can affect the lake in 2 ways. \n \nWay 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nWay 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C6",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 6. Evaluate the impact of recreational development on Phewa Lake area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wind Speed",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.5,
-      "question": "1.5m 1. Study the figure below: The sailing ships route. \nDescribe where and explain why sailing ships experienced the highest (wind) speeds? \n \n \nThe sailing ships route \n(original: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/ClipperRoute.png, \ncartographic base: http://www.vectorworldmap.com/vectormaps/vector -world -map-v2.2-blank.jpg ). \n \nArea: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \nReason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wind Speed",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. From the figure: The sailing ships route (map above), \ndescribe where and explain why they experienced decreased (wind) speeds? \n \nArea 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \nReason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nArea 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \nReason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wind Speed",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Study the figure below: The approximate plane flight routes. \na) Explain why route A is usually used when flying from America to Asia. \nb) Explain why route B is usually used when flying from Asia to America. \n \n \nThe approximate plane flight routes \n(original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…#/media/File:…_…_routes.svg, \ncartographic base: \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map_Pacific_Ocean#/media/File:Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg). \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nb) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wind Speed",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.5,
-      "question": "2.5m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: Wind speed and wind turbine power output. \na) What is the minimum wind speed necessary for a wind turbine to produce electricity? \nb) Specify in which wind conditions a wind turbine can produce the greatest power output. \nc) Why is no electricity produced at very high wind speeds? \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \nb) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nc) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wind Speed",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Distribution of annual mean wind speed at 80 m above \nground level. \nExplain why the mean wind speed in the area indicated on the map by arrow A is significantly \nhigher than in the surrounding regions. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D6",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wind Speed",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figures D2: Distribution of annual mean wind speed at 80 m above \nground level and \nD3: A photo of a wind farm. \nThe area indicated on the map by arrow B has one of the highest mean wind speed in Africa. \nGive 3 reasons why the area is not used for the location of wind farms. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D7",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wind Speed",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 7. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Distribution of annual mean wind speed at 80 m above \nground level. \nExplain why Greenland, which is not known for hurricanes, hosts some of the strongest \nwinds on the planet, called tip jets. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study the figure below: World population 1750–2050. \nGive 2 reasons why total world population growth accelerated significantly after 1950. \n \n \nWorld population 1750–2050 \n(Population Reference Bureau, 2011). \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 2. Suggest 4 measures which a fast growing population / country should include in its Family \nPlanning Policy in order to control its population growth in the future. \n \nMeasure 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. One of the most dominant contemporary demographic processes in developed countries is \nthat of an ageing population. \nOutline 2 positive implications of this process. \n \nImplication 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImplication 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 4. Study Resource Booklet Table E1: Age and sex structure in United Arab Emirates (UAE) \n(2014). \nDraw United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) population pyramid showing the share (%) of the \npopulation.",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 5. Study Resource Booklet Tables E1: Age and sex structure in United Arab Emirates (UAE) \n(2014), \nE2: United Arab Emirates (UAE) selected demographic data (2000–2014) and \nyour population pyramid. \nSuggest a reason for the unbalanced age and sex structure of the United Arab Emirates \n(UAE) population, and explain the underlying cause(s) behind that. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 1. Study the figures A–C below: Urban development models. \nThe numbers and shades refer to different land uses. \nDescribe the urban development in each of the 3 models. \n \nUrban development \nmodel \nDescription of urban development \n \n \n \n \n \n \n(https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/social-sciences-practice/social-science-practice-tut/e/social-structures---passage-1).",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: A photo of Barcelona, Spain. \na) Which area/zone (1–10) in the urban development models (see previous question) does \nthis picture correspond to? \nb) What are 3 main characteristics of this area/zone? \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \nb) Characteristic 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .... \n \nCharacteristic 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ \n \nCharacteristic 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ \n \n \nStudent number: \nA \nB \nC \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Urban “fingerprints”. \nMatch the street block layouts (A, B, C and D) with the corresponding urban “fingerprints” \ngraphs (1, 2, 3 and 4). \n \n \nStreet block layout A corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \nStreet block layout B corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \nStreet block layout C corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \nStreet block layout D corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nA B \nC D \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 4. Discuss how urban (spatial) structure influences energy efficiency in cities. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F5",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 5. The “smart city” concept of future urban development is being introduced in many countries. \nElaborate how this concept can be disadvantageous for cities? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nend  \nStudent number:",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geography of Sport",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. After the 1992 Rio de Janeiro’s Earth Summit ‘a responsible concern for environmental \nissues’ was added to the Olympic Charter. \nIdentify 4 ways that sporting mega-events can promote environmental sustainability. \n \nWay 1: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nWay 2: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nWay 3: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nWay 4: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geography of Sport",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Location of Olympic zones for Summer Olympics in 2016 \nin Rio de Janeiro. \nWith the help of the information provided suggest 3 challenges faced in developing the \nOlympic zones in Rio de Janeiro. \n \nChallenge 1: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nChallenge 2: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nChallenge 3: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geography of Sport",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Olympic Games are followed by the Paralympic Games – a major international multi -sport \nevent involving athletes with a range of disabilities. \nOutline 2 changes the Paralympic Games have brought about in society. \n \nChange 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nChange 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geography of Sport",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure A2: Time series of sport -related costs for Olympics 1960–\n2016. \nDescribe 2 main trends in the cost of hosting the Olympic Games. \n \nTrend 1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nTrend 2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Geography of Sport",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 5. Mark with an ‘X’ on the continuum below to show how far you agree or disagree with the \nfollowing statement: \n“The positive impacts of sporting mega-events often exceed the negative impacts”. \n \nStrongly agree Strongly disagree \n \nWith the help of the information already provided justify your response. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Weather",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 4.5,
-      "question": "4.5 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table B1: The climate data for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. \nDraw a climate graph based on the data from the Table B1.",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Weather",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.5,
-      "question": "2.5 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Table B1: The climate data for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and \nyour climate graph for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia above. \nIdentify the wet (rainy) season and explain the main factors causing the rain in this season. \n \nWet season: .............................................................................................................. \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Weather",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Table B1: The climate data for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and \nyour climate graph for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia above. \nSuggest 3 reasons for the monthly average temperature pattern (over a year) in Addis \nAbaba, Ethiopia. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Weather",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2: Surface pressure maps of 9–10 December 2014. \nExplain the distribution of air pressure in the Northern Atlantic and over the European \ncontinent on 9–10 December 2014. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Climate and Weather",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2: Surface pressure maps of 9–10 December 2014. \nBased on the observed movement of fronts, forecast the weather for 3 regions in Europe in \nthe following 24 hours (11 December 2014). \n \nRegion 1: .................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nRegion 2: .................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nRegion 3: .................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: The dominant road networks, shipping lanes and airline \nroutes around the world. \nDescribe the spatial pattern on a global scale of: \n \nRoad networks: ......................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nShipping lanes: ......................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nAirline routes: ............................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: The dominant road networks, shipping lanes and airline \nroutes around the world. \nSuggest 4 reasons for the pattern of transport routes. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 4: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: The rail network in South Africa and \nthe 2 Tables below. \nWith the help of the information provided suggest 4 reasons for the proportion of freight \n(cargo) transport modes. \n \nTable: The freight (cargo) transport in South Africa (2012). \n \nCorridor Road (Mtons) Rail (Mtons) \nPretoria / Johannesburg – Durban 46.8 6.4 \nPretoria / Johannesburg – Cape Town 34.2 1.7 \nDurban – Cape Town 9.0 < 0.1 \nDurban – East London 8.8 < 0.1 \nPretoria / Johannesburg – Port Elizabeth 5.7 0.3 \nOther corridors 79.4 27.1 \nMetropolitan areas 124.1 5.8 \nRural areas 255.0 39.0 \nTotal 563.1 80.3 \nAdapted from https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/publications/freightshift_roadtorail.pdf \n \nTable: The annual costs of road and rail freight (cargo) transport in South Africa (2014). \n \n Road (Rand, billion) Rail (Rand, billion) \nVehicle capital cost 25 2.0 \nInfrastructure capital cost 7.0 4.0 \nVehicle operating cost 422 47 \nInfrastructure operating cost 2.0 \nhttps://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/publications/freightshift_roadtorail.pdf \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 4: ................................................................................................................. \n \n .....................................................................................…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 4. Discuss the environmental impact of building railways. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Tides",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Identify 4 factors causing and/or influencing tides. \n \nFactor 1: ................................................................................................................... \n \nFactor 2: ................................................................................................................... \n \nFactor 3: ................................................................................................................... \n \nFactor 4: ...................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Tides",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 2. Draw an annotated diagram(s) to explain how 2 very high tides occur twice during a day \n(24 hours) when there is a full moon. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Tides",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures D1– D3: Photos and satellite imagery of Mont Saint -Michel, \nFrance. \nRead the textbox below. \nWith the help of the information provided, suggest 4 reasons why massive landscape-\nchanging projects were started at Mont Saint-Michel in 2006. \n \nTextbox \nMont Saint-Michel is a famous tourist destination in France, and is world heritage listed. It is \nan island located about 1 km off the country’s north -western coast, at the mouth of the \nCouesnon River, which has been canalized. The area has a high tidal ran ge, at \napproximately 14 m between high and low water marks. Mont Saint -Michel was previously \nconnected to the mainland by a tidal causeway (a path uncovered only at low tide). This \nwas converted into a raised, permanently dry, causeway in 1879. Coastal fla ts on the \nadjacent mainland have been reclaimed (made into polders) creating pastureland in \naddition to occasional flood-induced salt marsh meadows used for grazing. \nIn 2006 a €164 million project was announced to build a hydraulic dam using the waters of \nthe Couesnon River. Another €209 million project included the removal of the causeway \nand visitor car park, replacing it with a new bridge. \nAdapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 4: ............................…",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Tides",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D4: Artistic impression of a future tidal lagoon power plant, \nwhere an artificial lagoon is created within seawalls. \nSuggest one Strength, one Weakness, one Opportunity, and one Threat (SWOT analysis) for \nany new tidal power plants that could be constructed across the world, besides energy \nproduction. \n \nStrength: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nWeakness: \nOpportunity: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThreat: \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Soil Degradation",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 1. Describe 3 functions of soil. \n \nFunction 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFunction 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFunction 3: ................................................................................................................ \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Soil Degradation",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 2. Identify 4 natural causes of soil degradation. \n \nNatural cause 1: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural cause 2: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural cause 3: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural cause 4: ........................................................................................................ \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Soil Degradation",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 3. Identify 4 indicators that signify soil degradation resulting from human actions. \n \nIndicator 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndicator 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndicator 3: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndicator 4: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Soil Degradation",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures E1 and E2: Photos of examples of soil degradation. \nName and explain the soil degradation processes. \n \nFigure E1 process: .................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFigure E2 process: .................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1",
-        "Figure E2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Soil Degradation",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figures E1 and E2: The photos of the examples of soil degradation. \nOutline measures that could reduce the severity of both types of soil degradation. \n \nMeasures for figure E1: ............................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasures for figure E 2: ............................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Food Security",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: The trajectory of undernourishment in developing \nregions: actual and projected progress towards the World Food Summit (WFS) and \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. \nDescribe the progress made in achieving the World Food Summit (WFS) and the \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. \n \nWorld Food Summit (WFS) : ....................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG): ........................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Food Security",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: The trajectory of undernourishment in developing \nregions: actual and projected progress towards the World Food Summit (WFS) and \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. \nSuggest the main reason why there was a difference in meeting the 2 targets. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Food Security",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Nine influences on food security. \nSelect 2 of the categories in the following list (Environmental, Political, Social/Cultural and \nEconomic) and with the help of the information provided explain how factors in each category \ncontribute to the causes of food insecurity. \n \nCategory 1: ............................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nCategory 2: ............................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Food Security",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 4. Outline 2 strategies to eliminate hunger. \n \nStrategy 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStrategy 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F5",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Food Security",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 5. Discuss why food waste is high in developed countries. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \nend  end  end  end ",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Population",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Population growth, 2015. \n2 m Outline why the highest population growth is found in countries like Mali, Chad, and \nDemographic Republic of the Congo. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Population",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "2. Study Resource Booklet Table A1: Population data – selected years. \n4 m (a) Draw a graph which shows the Age Dependency Ratio for Countries A, C, D and F. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n2 m (b) Describe the trends shown in the graph. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Population",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Table A1: Population data – selected years. \nIdentify the country which is likely to be least developed and explain why. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Population",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Table A1: Population data – selected years. \nIdentify the country which is likely to be experiencing economic growth and explain why. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Population",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 5. Outline 3 possible impacts that an ageing society may have on a country’s economic \ndevelopment. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 1. Give 2 reasons why tourists may visit large cities, such as New York. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Five boroughs of New York City and sub-districts of \nManhattan and Figure B2: Distribution of hotels and Airbnb properties throughout New York \nCity. \nIdentify 2 patterns shown on the map and explain each pattern that you have given. \n \nPattern 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nExplanation: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nPattern 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nExplanation: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1",
-        "Figure B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 3. Study the Table below. Choose an appropriate graphing method to display the data in the \nspace provided. You need to clearly show on the same graph how in some cities hotels are \nless expensive than Airbnb while in other cities hotels are more expensive than Airbnb. \n \nTable: Average cost difference between hotel and Airbnb properties in selected cities in the \nworld, in 2016. (in US dollars per night) \nCity Hotels are less expensive than Airbnb by (USD): \nBarcelona 139.42 \nSan Diego 61.73 \nNew Orleans 9.62 \nSan Francisco 3.49 \nCity Hotels are more expensive than Airbnb by (USD): \nLos Angeles 5.09 \nAmsterdam 44.72 \nSydney 44.96 \nVienna 71.62 \nNew York 81.80 \nLondon 108.29 \nSource: https://www.busbud.com/blog/airbnb-vs-hotel-rates/ \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure B3: Airbnb protest in Barcelona and the Figure below. \n \nFigure: Some Airbnb data for Barcelona \n €1 billion in economic activity from Airbnb \n €167 million earned by local households \n 16,100 hosts \n 20,000 listings \n 27 million tourists in 2012 to more than 34 million in 2016. \nOver 25 % increase in four years. \n 40% of Barcelona’s tourist apartments are illegal. \n City is facing a housing problem for those who live and work here. \nRents increased by 16.5% in 2016. \n(http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/barcelona-locals-hate-tourists-why-reasons-spain-protests-arran-airbnb-locals-attacks-\ngraffiti-a7883021.html, https://www.airbnbcitizen.com/airbnb-community-generated-more-than-e1-billion-in-barcelona-in-2016/) \n \nEvaluate whether the introduction of Airbnb to cities like Barcelona is more positive or negative \nfor local people. Your decision should be based on both economic and social impacts \nsupported with/by specific evidence. \n \nSocial: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEconomic: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Location of coral reefs. \nDescribe the global pattern for the location of coral reefs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. Explain why coral reefs are considered to be of great value. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: Threats to coral reefs. \n3 m (a) Outline the major types of threats to coral reefs in 3 different regions of the world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \n2 m (b) Tourism is often regarded as a major threat to coral reefs. Identify 4 ways in which tourists \ncause damage to reefs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: Photographs showing change in a coral reef. \n What name is given to the change shown in the photographs and why does it occur? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 5. Nature can also be responsible for damage to coral reefs. Describe a natural threat to coral \nreefs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C6",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figure C4: Marine Protected Areas. \nSome areas of the ocean have been declared Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Outline the \nproblems associated with the management (administering and enforcing) of MPAs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "River Catchments",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 1. Define the term river catchment. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "River Catchments",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "2. Study the Figure below. \n1.5 m (a) On the diagram, draw a line to clearly identify the boundary of the Farmhouse Creek catchment. \n \n \n \nFigure: Farmhouse Creek (River) \n \n \n0.5 m (b) What name is given to this boundary? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \n \n2 m (c) In the space below, draw (sketch) 2 labelled diagrams to show the shape of the creek \nchannel at Point X and Point Y, respectively. \n \nX Y \n \n \n2 m (d) Give 2 reasons why the mean stream velocity is likely to be greater at point Y than point X \nas shown on the Figure: Farmhouse Creek (River). \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "River Catchments",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "3. Examine the data in the Table below. \n \nTable: Water velocity in metres per second \nDepth (m) \nDistance from Left Bank (A) in metres \n0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 \n0.1 0.53 0.41 0.38 0.21 0.10 \n0.2 0.58 0.33 0.26 0.11 \n0.3 0.46 0.22 0.18 \n0.4 0.32 0.10 0.04 \n0.5 0.15 0.05 \n \n \n2 m (a) On the Figure below: \ni) Plot the water velocities given in the table, and \nii) Draw in isovels (lines of equal velocity) at intervals of 0.1 metres per second. \n \n \n \n \n \n2 m (b) Describe and explain variations across the channel. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "River Catchments",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "4. Study the Figure below. \n \n Figure: Hjulström Curve \n \n \n \n \n \n1 m (a) Describe the relationship between the settling velocity and the particle size. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n1 m (b) Explain why the settling velocity curve is below that for the erosion velocity. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "River Catchments",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 5. Discuss why the statement “Everyone lives in a catchment” is important in catchment \nmanagement. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: Key facts on Ebola and Figure E2: Distribution, frequency \nand magnitude of Ebola outbreaks to 30th November 2014. \nDescribe the pattern of Ebola outbreaks in Africa over time. In your answer, refer to both \nfrequency and magnitude. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1",
-        "Figure E2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 2. Study Figure E2: Distribution, frequency and magnitude of Ebola outbreaks to 30th November \n2014 and Figure E3: Cases and deaths, Ebola outbreak to 27 March 2016. \n \nCompare and contrast how the outbreak of the Ebola disease affected the 3 main countries \nbetween November 2014 and 27 March 2016. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E2",
-        "Figure E3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "3. Study Figure E 4: Time series of cumulative Ebola deaths in the districts of Guinea, Liberia, \nand Sierra Leone, 2014-2015. \n \n0.5 m (a) In what order should the maps be arranged to show the geographic spread of the Ebola \ndisease in the three most affected countries? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n1.5 m (b) Describe the origin and the spread of the Ebola disease. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 4. Identify and explain 2 factors that contributed to the failure to control this Ebola outbreak. \n \nFactor 1 : \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nFactor 2 : \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 5. Ebola outbreaks may cause various impacts for different groups in society such as women \nand children. \nSelect one of these two groups and explain why the impacts of the Ebola outbreak would be \nmore serious for this group within society. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E6",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 6. Study the Table below. \nIdentify the country which is likely to have had the best systems in place to respond to the \nEbola outbreak. Give reasons for your answer. \n \nTable: Statistical data on selected countries affected by the 2014-15 Ebola outbreak \n(Source: WHO) \nCountry Guinea Liberia Mali Nigeria Sierra \nLeone \nPopulation (in millions) 12.61 4.50 17.60 182.20 6.45 \nGross National Income per \ncapita (PPP1 $) 1,160 790 1,540 5,360 1,750 \nGovernment health \nexpenditure per capita (PPP1 $) 33 31 25 118 38 \nMedical doctors \nper 100,000 10.0 1.4 8.3 40.8 2.2 \nPopulation using improved \nsanitation % 20 17 25 29 13 \n1 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is used to make comparisons across different currencies \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Glaciers",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: Photographs of main types of glaciers. \n \n2 m (a) Name two differences between continental and valley glaciers. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n1 m (b) Name one specific location where each type of glacier may be found. \n \nContinental : ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \nValley: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Glaciers",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Global glacier thickness change. \n \n2 m (a) Describe the overall trend in cumulative global glacier thickness between 1961 and 2005. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n3 m (b) Explain why this trend in cumulative glacier thickness is occurring. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 22 =====\n22",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Glaciers",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Global glacier thickness change. \nOutline the extent to which volcanic eruptions such El Chichon in March 1982, appear to have \nhad an impact on the overall trend in global glacial thickness. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Glaciers",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. Taking into consideration the link between ice melting and changes of albedo, explain what \nthe phrase “positive feedback” means? \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F5",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Glaciers",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure F3: Climatic snow line. \nAlthough glaciers are most commonly found above the snowline, the snow line varies around \nthe globe. Thus, location at a certain latitude and altitude does not automatically mean that a \nglacier will develop. \nExplain 4 factors that will determine if a glacier forms at a particular latitude and altitude. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n end ",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Impact of climate change on agricultural yields between \n2003 and 2080 (projections). \nIdentify the 4 areas (major regions) that will face the most negative impact of climate \nchange on its agricultural yields. \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6m 2. Outline 3 effects of climate change on agricultural yields. For each effect fully explain how \nit will impact agriculture in the future. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 3. What do you understand by the term “climate-smart agriculture”? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6m 4. Discuss 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of a smart agriculture. \n \n \nAdvantage 1 :................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nAdvantage 2 :................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nAdvantage 3 :................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nDisadvantage 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nDisadvantage 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................…",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Earthquakes",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.5,
-      "question": "1.5m 1. a) List the 3 main types of seismic waves. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n0.5m b) What is the name of the instrument that measures these waves? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Earthquakes",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 2. Outline the differences between the 3 main types of seismic waves. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Earthquakes",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Ecuador earthquake on February 22nd, 2019. \nSuggest the reasons for the occurrence of an earthquake on February 22, 2019 in this area \nof Ecuador. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Earthquakes",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Explain how an earthquake leads to soil liquefaction. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Earthquakes",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5m 5. Using Resources Booklet Figure B1: Ecuador earthquake on February 22nd, 2019 and \nFigure B2: Impact of Ecuador earthquake and your own knowledge, explain how the impacts \nof the Ecuador earthquake of Feb 22, 2019 and future earthquakes in this area could be \nmanaged. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1",
-        "Figure B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Satellite image of sand dunes in the Arabian Desert. \nWhat is the direction of the prevailing wind in this area? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2. Name 2 natural factors that influence sand dune mobility. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 9.0,
-      "question": "9m 3. Following the Instructions in the Resource Booklet Section C, draw a triangulated irregular \nnetwork on the map below. \n \n Inside this network draw contour lines of the P/PE values from the Resource Booklet Table \nC1: Values of dune mobility index (M) and dune activity codes (with the contour interval 0.1) \nfor the 12 Weather Monitoring Sites. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table \nC1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 4. Which Weather Monitoring Sites have relatively high desertification threats? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 5. Suggest strategies for the local farmers and the government t hat could prevent the threats \nof desertification. \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Ocean Currents",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1. Study Resources Booklet Figure D1: Part of North Atlantic Ocean current circulation and \nFigure D2: Water temperatures (°C) and salinity (Practical Salinity Unit – PSU) in Northern \nAtlantic Ocean. \n \n3m a) Describe the pattern of water temperature and salinity distribution (Figure D2) for the area \nshown in the map (Figure D1). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n3m b) Give reasons for the pattern s you have described. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1",
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Ocean Currents",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2. Based on your knowledge name the main reasons for the slowed and weakened Nor th \nAtlantic Ocean circulation. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Ocean Currents",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 3. Assess the economic and environmental impacts a weakened circulation could cause. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Ocean Currents",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D3: Measured number of pieces of plastic waste in the Indian \nOcean gyre garbage patch. \nWhy is there an accumulation of plastic waste in this particular part of the Indian Ocean? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Ocean Currents",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 5. What are the challenges of managing the oceans in order to reduce the amount of this type \n of waste? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table E1: Growth of popular social media sites (2014–2019). \n \na) Identify the social media site that has experienced the largest absolute number of global \nusers between 2014 and 2019. \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nb) Identify the social media site that has experienced the fastest rate of growth in \nnumber of global users between 20 14 and 201 9. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2. What is meant by the term “time-space compression”? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 3. Outline 3 factors that have resulted in global time-space compression. \n \nFactor 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nFactor 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nFactor 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: The share of world exports and imports by country. \nSuggest 2 ways the share of world merchandise exports by country can influence flows of \npeople. \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 5. Evaluate 1 factor that might account for the spatial variations in Figure E1. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E6",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Globalisation",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 6. Identify and e xplain 2 reasons why the global shift of industry has had negative impacts on \nsome people in the developed world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Water Security",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: Global withdrawal and consumption of water from 1900 –\n2025 (projected). \n \n \n1.5m a) Describe the global pattern of water consumption. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n1.5m b) Which graph shows the most waste? Suggest a reason why this is the case. \n \nGraph: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \nReason : ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Water Security",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1m 2. What is meant by the term “water insecurity”? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Water Security",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 3. Give 4 reasons to explain why water consumption is increasing. \n \nReason 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 4 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Water Security",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3m 4. Outline 3 strategies which would result in an increased water supply for a country. \n \nStrategy 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F5",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Water Security",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Water distribution from the River Jordan. \n \n Explain the causes of potential conflict in the withdrawal and consumption of water from the \nRiver Jordan. \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or for answers, which \nare clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \nend  \nStudent number:",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Aa",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 0.5,
-      "question": "(a) (i) Name the country where the Suez Canal is located. [0.5 mark] \n(ii) Name the two seas which the Suez Canal connects. [0.5 mark]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ab",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(b) Using the Koppen climate classification, identify the climate of the region where the \nSuez canal is in. [1 mark]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ac",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(c) Explain why sandstorms might occur at the Suez Canal. [2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ad",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(d) Explain two reasons why ships choose to ply the Suez Canal route, instead of taking \nalternative routes to travel between East Asia and Europe. [4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ae",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage",
-      "question_number": "e",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "(e) Study Resource A2. Briefly explain three reasons why containers are used so \npredominantly in global trade. [3 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource A2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Af",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage",
-      "question_number": "f",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(f) Study Resource A3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with \nthe containership transport industry. [4 marks] \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource A3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ba",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(a) Study Resource B1. Briefly explain two ways in which the trends observed in \nResource B1 might differ between more economically developed countries and less \neconomically developed countries. \n \n \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Bb",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(b) Study Resource B2. Describe the trends observed in the primary production of \nenergy from renewable sources from 1990 to 2015. \n \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Bc",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(c) Study Resource B2. Explain the socio -economic and environmental i mpacts of \nusing renewable energy sources. \n \n[4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Bd",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(d) Study Resource B3. Explain two issues that may affect the sustainability of \nCambodia’s energy supply. \n \n[4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Be",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities",
-      "question_number": "e",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "(e) Study Resources B4 and B5. Explain three ways in which t hese strategies can \ncontribute to urban sustainability and liveability. \n \n[3 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ca",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The Arctic",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(a) Study Resource C1. List two countries which have a direct strategic interest in the \nmanagement of the Arctic’s resources. \n \n[1 mark]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Cb",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The Arctic",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(b) Study Resource C1. Describe the changes observed between September 2019 and \nMarch 2020. \n \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Cc",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The Arctic",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(c) Study Resource C2. Explain two reasons for the pattern shown in Resource 2. [4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource 2",
-        "Resource C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Cd",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The Arctic",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(d) Study Resource C3. Explain why daily sea i ce in the Arctic reaches its minimum \nextent in September. \n \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource C3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ce",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "The Arctic",
-      "question_number": "e",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "(e) “An ice-free Arctic will bring about more positive impacts than negative impacts.” \nHow far do you agree with this statement? Explain your stand. \n \n[6 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Da",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Cruise Tourism",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(a) (i) Study Resource D1. Suggest two characteristics of the Caribbean region which \nmight attract tourists on cruise holidays. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource D1. Suggest two characteristics of the Alaskan region wh ich \nmight attract tourists on cruise holidays. \n \n [1 mark]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Db",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Cruise Tourism",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(b) Study Resource D2. Explain two reasons why North America and Europe are \nthe main source markets of cruise tourism. \n \n[4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Dc",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Cruise Tourism",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(c) In cruise tourism, a home port is a po rt in which a cruise starts and ends, in \nwhich passengers embark and disembark. Explain 4 ways in which a city can \nbecome an ideal home port. \n \n \n [4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Dd",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Cruise Tourism",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "(d) Study Resource D3. Use an appropriate data representation method to display \nthe rate of change of cruise passengers from 2013 to 2017 (%). You should use \nthe blank page provided in the Answer Booklet for this question. \n \n \n[5 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource D3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ea",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(a) Study Resource E1. Describe the downstream changes in the channel variables. [2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Eb",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(b) Study Resource E1. Give reasons for the downstream changes in the channel \nvariables. \n \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ec",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "(c) Study Resource E2. Explain how load size can affect the types of fluvial \ntransportation processes present in the Sutlej River. \n \n[3 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource E2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ed",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(d) (i) Study Resource E3. Identify the fluvial feature identified as ‘RF’. [1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource E3. Explain the formation of this fluvial landform and its feature \n‘RF’. \n \n[4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource E3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ee",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Rivers",
-      "question_number": "e",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "(e) Study Resource E4. Sketch and annotate the cross section ‘AB’ as shown in \nResource E4. You should use the blank page provided in the Answer Booklet for \nthis question. \n \n \n[3 marks] \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource E4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Aa",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(a) Study Resource A1. Define the term greenhouse effect. [2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ab",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "(b) Study Resource A1. Outline three impacts of selected greenhouse gases on \nclimate change. \n[3 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ac",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(c) (i) Study Resource A2. Name the countries that have the highest carbon footprints in \ninternational and domestic air travel. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource A2. Outline two reasons why some countries have very high \ncarbon dioxide emissions per capita from domestic air travel. \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource A2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ad",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(d) In addition to carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases and aerosols are emitted \nfrom air transport. Explain the effect of condensation trails on climate. \n \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ae",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases",
-      "question_number": "e",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "(e) Study Resource A3. Use an appropriate data representation method to display the \ntotal number of passengers in air travel and their profile (national and international \npassengers) in European countries with more than 50 million total passengers. \n \n[5 marks] \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource A3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ba",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(a) (i) Study Resource B1. Identify the type of rock represented by ‘A’. [1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource B1. Identify the type of water body represented by ‘B’. [1 mark]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Bb",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(b) An atoll is a unique feature in the South Pacific Ocean. With the use of an annotated \ndiagram, explain clearly how an atoll is formed. \n \n[4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Bc",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(c) Study Resource B2. Identify the climate type of the island in the South Pacific Ocean \nusing the Köppen climate classification. \n \n[1 mark]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Bd",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(d) Study Resource B3. Explain two natural hazards occurring in the South Pacific \nOcean which might affect the local economies of the South Pacific Ocean islands. \n \n[4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Be",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean",
-      "question_number": "e",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(e) Study Resource B4. To what extent do you agree that tourism is beneficial for the \nPacific Least Developed Countries (LDCs)? \n[4 marks] \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource B4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ca",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "(a) Study Resources C1 and C2. Describe the average wet season precipitation in the \nMekong Basin in 2019, as compared to 2000-2018. \n \n[3 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Cb",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(b) (i) Study Resource C3. Describe the change(s) observed in this part of the Mekong \nRiver in Thailand between 2015 and 2020. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource C3. Explain two reasons to account for the change(s) observed in \nthis part of the Mekong River in Thailand between 2015 and 2020. \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource C3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Cc",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "(c) (i) Study Resource C4. Explain the relationship between groundwater extraction and \nland-subsidence. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource C4. Explain which scenario is likely to be the most sustainable \nscenario for the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. \n \n[2 marks] \n \n \n (iii) Study Resource C4. Explain which scenario is likely to be the most realistic \nscenario for the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. \n \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource C4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Cd",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(d) Study Resource C5. Choose two solutions shown in Resource C5 and explain how \neach of them could help the Vietnamese Mekong Delta be sustainable. \n \n[4 marks] \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource C5"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Da",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(a) Study Resource D1. Explain how wildfires can be caused by both human and \nnatural factors. \n \n[4 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Db",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(b) Study Resource D 2. Compare the distributions of population density growth \nprojections and fire hazards in California. \n \n [2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Dc",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(c) (i) Study Resource D3. Describe the severity of risks to the selected Asian cities \ndue to rising sea levels and flooding. \n \n[2 marks] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource D3. Choose a city in Resource D3 and explain two strategies \nit can adopt to increase overcome the risk of flooding. \n \n \n [2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource D3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Dd",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "(d) Study Resource D 4. In your opinion, are wildfires or floods more damaging \ntowards a city’s pursuit of sustainable development? Explain your choice. \n \n \n[5 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ea",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development",
-      "question_number": "a",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(a) Define the ‘Green Revolution’. [2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Eb",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development",
-      "question_number": "b",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(b) Study Resource E1. Describe the trends observed. \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Resource E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ec",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development",
-      "question_number": "c",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "(c) (i) Using your own knowledge, outline Thomas Malthus’ theory on the concept of \n“population-resources” relationship. \n \n[2 marks] \n \n \n (ii) Using your own knowledge, outline Ester Boserup’s theory on the concept of \n“population-resources” relationship. \n[2 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ed",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development",
-      "question_number": "d",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "(d) Study Resource E 2. Suggest three ways in which farmers in Bangladesh have \nbenefitted differently from the Green Revolution. \n \n[3 marks]",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ee",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development",
-      "question_number": "e",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "(e) Using your own knowledge, explain two ways in which agricultural practices can \nbe improved to allow countries to benefit more. \n \n[4 marks] \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "The Aral Sea",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Describe the drainage pattern surrounding the Aral Sea and name any appropriate technical \nterm(s) that apply to this sort of basin. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "The Aral Sea",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Box A1 and Figures A1 and A2. \n Using the information provided and your geographical understanding, explain three economic \nimpacts due to the changing conditions of the Aral Sea. \n \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "The Aral Sea",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure A3. \n Identify two factors responsible for the trend shown in this precipitation graph of the Aral Sea. \n \nFactor 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nFactor 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "The Aral Sea",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure A4. \n Explain two causes and two environmental effects of the trend shown in the salinity graph \nof the Aral Sea. \n \nCause 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nCause 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nEffect 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nEffect 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "The Aral Sea",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Box A1 and Resource Booklet Figures A1, A2, A3 and A4. \n Explain 4 reasons why solutions for the issues in the Aral Sea region are difficult to implement. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Maritime transport",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table B1. Use an appropriate data representation method to show \nthe Port Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (PLSCI) in 2006 (Q1) and 2022 (Q 4) for the ten \nhighest ranked container ports in 2022.",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Maritime transport",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 2. Study the Resource Booklet Table B1 and Figure B1 and your diagram in Question B1. \n Identify two spatial and/or time-related patterns of international tanker freight trade and \nexplain them. \n \nPattern 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nPattern 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1",
-        "Table B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Maritime transport",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2. \n Using the information provided and your geographical understanding suggest two main \nreasons for the location of this port in a sparsely populated area outside the major sea transit \nroutes. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Maritime transport",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. The investment in the Finnafjord Port Project would not have been possible a few decades \nago. Specify two changes in global economic or environmental conditions that make the \ninvestment possible now. \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Maritime transport",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 5. Outline the environmental impacts of the Finnafjord Port Project. Use at least two positive \nand two negative environmental impacts. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1. \n The northern part of Burkina Faso lies in a large region that stretches across Africa from east \nto west. \n \n a) Name this region. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n b) Identify the main natural characteristic of this region that explains the type of land cover in \nnorthern Burkina Faso. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1. \n Describe in detail three changing patterns in land cover in Burkina Faso between 1975 and \n2013. \n \nPattern 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nPattern 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nPattern 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 3. Specify the main reason for the land cover change in Burkina Faso. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 4. Outline three implications of the land cover change for the ecosystems in Burkina Faso. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 5. In 2020, more than 50% of Burkina Faso’s population suffered from chronic food deficiency. \nSuggest and explain three sustainable development projects that would help reduce food \ninsecurity. \n \nProject 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nProject 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nProject 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n Describe two changes in the number and structure of electric vehicles in the transport in the \nworld between 2012 and 2021 using specific evidence. \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n Suggest two reasons for changes in the use of electric vehicles in transport between 2012 \nand 2021. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Discuss the benefits and limitations of electric vehicle deployment. Your answer should \ninclude at least two benefits and two limitations. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2. \n Explain three ways in which the management of the flow of water influences the viability of a \ncity. \n \nWay 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nWay 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nWay 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2. \n Evaluate the feasibility of implementing strategies to create a water sensitive city when \nplanning or redeveloping urban areas. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n(You can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly l…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Shorelines",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1. \n Note how the shoreline changes over time. Name four factors that influence geomorphological \nchanges in shorelines. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Shorelines",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figures E1 and E2. \n Explain how wildfires can affect the width of the sandy beach near the Big Sur River mouth. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Shorelines",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1. \n Geologists, engineers, and planners often need to know the rate at which the shoreline moves. \nThis helps them to better define appropriate uses of coastal areas. Use the historical imagery \nprovided to answer the questions 3a and 3b. The scale is the same for both images. \n \na) Is the beach at point ‘300 m’ eroding or accreting over time? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nb) Estimate the rate of change of the shoreline at the point ‘300 m’ to justify your response \nin part a). Your answer should include the full calculation. The rate must be expressed in \nmetres per month.",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Shorelines",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3. \n Name the coastal feature identified as ‘X’. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Shorelines",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3. \n Use the information provided and your geographical understanding to answer the questions \n5a and 5b. \n \na) Draw a sketch of the geomorphological processes that formed the coastal feature “X”. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nb) Explain the geomorphological process of the formation of the coastal feature \"X\" shown in \nthe sketch. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n(You can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Ski tourism",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figures F1 and F2. \n There are many spectacular mountain ranges in the world, but only a few have developed \nmass ski tourism. Outline and give reasons for 4 social and/or infrastructural conditions that \nhave led to the development of mass ski tourism in the mountains. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Ski tourism",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figures F1 and F2. \n Name two main areas where ski tourism has developed (use the names of the regions from \nFigure F1 or similar , not the names of continents or countries ). Justify your answer with \nstatistical data available in the Resource Booklet. \n \nArea 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... \n \nArea 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Ski tourism",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F3. \n Ski tourism in the world has stagnated since the 1980s. Discuss changes in tourists' travel \nbehaviour that could be responsible for this stagnation. Your answer should include at least \nthree arguments. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F3"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Ski tourism",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure F4a. \n Name the phenomenon that can be seen in the photograph. Explain how ski tourism can \nincrease the hazard of this phenomenon. \n \nName of the phenomenon: ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \nExplanation: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F5",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Ski tourism",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure F4. \n Using the information provided and your geographical understanding explain three negative \nenvironmental impacts of ski tourism in the mountains. \n \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \nStudent number: 19 \nend ◼",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 1. Name the natural resource from which most plastics are produced. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 2. Identify two sources used to produce bioplastics. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "3. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1. Ocean gyres are locations where large amounts of plastic \nand other waste accumulate. \n \n5 m a) Choose one of the ocean gyres. Draw and label a diagram to show the wind patterns and \nocean currents that contribute to the formation of your chosen gyre in the space below. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4 \n2 m b) Explain the reasons for the accumulation of plastic pollution in the location you have chosen. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures A2 and A3. \n Describe two spatial patterns regarding the origin of plastic waste emissions into the oceans. \nProvide specific data from the sources. Your answer should refer to regions and/or multiple \ncountries, not individual countries. \n \nPattern 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nPattern 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figures A1-A3. \n Using the sources provided and your geographical knowledge discuss why it is difficult to \neliminate plastic pollution from entering the oceans. Give at least three arguments. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1. \n Identify and explain three main reasons for the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. Study the Resource Booklet Figures B2 and B3. \n Analyse the spatial relationship between the intensity of PM 2.5 emissions and the extent of \ndeforestation. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures B1-B3. Using the information provided and your geographical \nunderstanding answer the following questions. \n \n a) What is meant by the term ecosystem services? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n b) Identify and e xplain the importance of three ecosystem services provided by the Amazon \nrainforest. \n \nEcosystem service 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEcosystem service 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEcosystem service 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures B1-B3. Specify two impacts of deforestation of the Amazon \nrainforest on its ecosystem services and two impacts on human well-being. \n \nImpact on ecosystem service 1 : ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact on ecosystem service 2: ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact on human well -being 1: ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact on human well -being 2: ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table C1. \n Create a combined climate diagram that compares the precipitation and temperature data for \nboth Dubai and Kathmandu in one diagram. Label your diagram appropriately.",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Table C1 and the climate diagram you made. \n Calculate the average annual temperature amplitude/range in Dubai and Kathmandu (round \nthe value to one decimal place). \n \nDubai:................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \nKathmandu: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Table C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1 and your climate diagram of Dubai and Kathmandu. Both \ncities are influenced by the Asian monsoon, but Dubai has completely different rainfall patterns \nfrom Kathmandu, which has more typical characteristics of the Asian monsoon climate. \n Explain the differences between the rainfall patterns in Dubai and Kathmandu, although both \nclimates are influenced by the same wind patterns. \n \nDubai: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nKathmandu: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ...............…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures C2 and C3 and Text Box C1. Since climate change has most \nlikely increased the presence of warm, moist air in a region, atmospheric triggers are necessary \nto initiate large-scale cloud formation and significant precipitation events. \n Name one such primary atmospheric mechanism that can cause such conditions that lead to \nsevere flooding. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Text Box C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 5. Explain two reasons why, even after significant rain events, the landscape in Dubai remains \narid and the surrounding desert does not transform into a green environment. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C6",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 6. Discuss how the urban environment of Dubai contributed to the flooding in April 2024. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n \n a) Identify the area near the North Pole where there are no or only a few isolated permafrost \nareas. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n b) Suggest the reason why this area is free of permafrost. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n With the help of information provided and your geographical understanding outline two \nreasons why the extent of permafrost areas in North America differs significantly from that in \nEurope. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2 that shows a site on Taymyr Island in the north of Siberia. \n Describe the change in the vegetation from 1966 to 2009. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2. \n \n a) Explain how climate change has affected the described change in vegetation. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \n b) Outline the mechanism by which this change in vegetation can affect the climate. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D3 and Table D1. \n Analyse the change in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere \nfrom pre-industrial times to the present day and their contribution to the rise in temperature. \nUse statistical data to justify your answers. \n \nConcentration: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nTemperature: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D3",
-        "Table D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D6",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figure D3 and Table D1. \nEvaluate the role of carbon dioxide and methane in global warming. Justify your answer \nwith specific data. \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D3",
-        "Table D1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1. \n Name the continent that was most underrepresented at the London Olympics when comparing \nthe ratio of Olympic participants to the world's population. Justify your answer with specific \ndata. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 2. Study Resource Figure E2. \n \n a) Describe the general trend of the overall sustainability of the Olympic Games 1992 -2020. \nYour answer should not include only one aspect (pillar) of sustainability. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n b) Suggest two main reasons for the described trend. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures E3 and E4. \n Analyse the process of urban transformation of Barcelona between 1977 and the time of the \n1992 Summer Olympics (in terms of general character, services, size/locations). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures E3 and E4. \n Explain two ways in which the urban remodelling of Barcelona has improved the quality of life \nof its citizens. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E5",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "Olympic Games",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figures E2-E5 and use your geographical understanding. \n Evaluate whether major sporting events such as the Olympic Games have a positive or \nnegative socio-economic impact on the target cities during and after these events. Use at \nleast two positive and two negative socio -economic impacts as examples to support your \nideas. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1. \n Identify the most frequently used transport modes for commuters in cities in North America \nand Europe. \n \nNorth America: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nEurope: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2. \nGive two differences between the way commuters travel in Tokyo and Dhaka. Explain three \nreasons for these differences. \nDifferences : ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Explain the negative aspects of the increase in commuting on people and the economy. \n \nPeople : ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEconomy : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 4. To ensure efficient and sustainable commuting, public policymakers face many challenges. \nSuggest 4 possible solutions that policymakers may adopt to achieve this goal. \n \nSolution 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nSolution 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nSolution 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nSolution 4 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \nStudent number: 20 \nend ◼",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 1. Name two natural forces that can trigger landslides. \n \nNatural force 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... \n \nNatural force 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .........",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 2. Identify and explain two specific human activities that may contribute to landslides. \n \nActivity 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nActivity 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A3",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "3. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure A1. \n \n0.5 m a) Specify the location on the diagram most susceptible to landslide activity (A, B, C or D). \n \nLocation: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n \n1 m b) Explain the reason for the location selected above (in 3a). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A4",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "4. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure A2. \n \n2 m a) Clearly label the parts of a landslide on Figure A2 below, using the following letters as labels: \nA: head, B: foot, C: surface of rupture, D: scarp surface. \n \n \nFigure A2: Remnants of a landslide that took place in La Conchita, California, USA \n(January 2005). Ten people were killed. \n(https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs \npublic/styles/full_width/public/LaConchia_USGS_Photo.jpg?itok=NS7eb4YQ) \n \n2 m b) Identify specific evidence from Figure A2 that indicates a previous landslide took place in the \narea. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5 \n \n \n4 m c) Suggest two actions that can be taken to protect the neighbourhood from future landslides \nand evaluate the effectiveness of each measure that you provide. \n \nAction 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEffectiveness of Action 1 : ................................ ................................ ........................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n .....................…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure A2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A5",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "A",
-      "section_title": "Landslides",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "5. After wildfires occur in mountainous areas, there is an increased danger of landslides \noccurring. \n \n0.5 m a) Name the season when post wildfire landslides are most likely to occur. \n \nSeason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n \n2 m b) Explain why landslides are more likely to occur during the season you selected. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \nYou can use it for your notes, but please cross them through afterwards. \nIf you use it for answers, they MUST be clearly labelled with the Section and Question number. \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Waves and coastline",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Explain the energy relationship between wind and the formation of waves. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Waves and coastline",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 2. Describe four ways waves change as they move from deeper water towards the shore. \n \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nChange 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nChange 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B3",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Waves and coastline",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 3. Analyse Figure B1. Draw lines representing the path of the waves as they move towards the \ncoast. Assume that the waves hit the coast from the north -east and have a wavelength of 14 \nm. Consider changes to the waves that may occur as they move towards the coast. \n \n \n \nFigure B1: A fictional coastline. The underwater topography (bathymetry) of the area \nis represented by isobaths or depth contours with an interval of 1 metre. This area is \nmicrotidal with a maximum tidal range of 2 metres and is located at a latitude of 50°N. \nThis coastal area includes a public beach with over 50,000 visitors per summer, a fishery, \na ferry terminal and several resid ential properties. \n(Created by B. Woodward)",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B4",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Waves and coastline",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "4. For this question, refer to Figure B1. \n \n1 m a) Draw an arrow on the Figure B1 to identify the direction of the longshore current. \n \n1 m b) Justify the reason for the direction of the arrow you drew in 4a). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure B1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B5",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "B",
-      "section_title": "Waves and coastline",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 5.0,
-      "question": "5 m 5. Use your answers from the previous questions to develop a strategy for shoreline \nmanagement in this area. \n \n Consider the way in which the various changes will affect the coastline and identify areas \nwhere you anticipate erosion and/or sedimentation in the future. You have unlimited resources, \nso you can build any type of coastal defence and change the land use patterns so long as your \nsuggestions are realistic. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n …",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Water stress",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 1. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure C1. \n \n Describe the current spatial distribution of water scarcity in the world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Water stress",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. Identify and explain three main causes of high water stress. \n \nCause 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nCause 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nCause 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C3",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Water stress",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. Describe three socio-economic impacts of water scarcity. \n \nImpact 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C4",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Water stress",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 4. For this question, refer to Study Resource Booklet: Figure C2. \n \n Explain why the countries of the northern Mediterranean are likely to experience major water \nstress in the future. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure C2"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C5",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "C",
-      "section_title": "Water stress",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 5. Outline three strategies for reducing water stress. The strategies must be related to real-world \nsituations. \n \nStrategy 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Global energy consumption",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 1. Explain the difference between renewable and sustainable energy sources. Use specific \nexamples of energy sources in your explanation. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Global energy consumption",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 2. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figures D1. \n \n Describe the main trends in the global consumption of oil, coal and renewable energy from \n1965 to 2018. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D3",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Global energy consumption",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. Explain three environmental impacts of using coal as a source of energy. \n \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D4",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Global energy consumption",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 4. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figures D2 and D3. \n \n Suggest three reasons why energy consumption in developed countries has not increased \nsignificantly, or in some cases has even decreased, since the 1990s. \n \nReason 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D5",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "D",
-      "section_title": "Global energy consumption",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 5. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure D4. \n \n Due to the current geopolitical situation , Western companies are relocating manufacturing \nindustries from Asia back to their home country or a neighbouring region. Discuss four possible \nchanges to global primary energy consumption as a result of these relocations. \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nChange 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nChange 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure D4"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "The Darién Gap",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1.0,
-      "question": "1 m 1. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure E1. \n \n Identify the primary direction of irregular migration routes worldwide. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "The Darién Gap",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "2. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Text Box E1; Figures E2 and E3. \n \n4 m a) Analyse the general trend and sources of migration through the Darién Gap. Justify your \nresponse with specific data. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3 m b) Explain two socio-economic and one environmental reason for emigration from countries \nshown on the diagram. Use specific country examples to justify your answers. \n \nSocio-economic reason 1: ................................ ................................ .......................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nSocio-economic reason 2: ................................ ................................ ........................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEnvironmental reason: ................................ ................................ ................................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16 \n2 m c) Suggest two reasons why migrants from c…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Text Box E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E3",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "The Darién Gap",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 3.0,
-      "question": "3 m 3. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Text Box E1. \n \n Outline three threats that make crossing the Darién Gap extremely difficult for migrants. \n \nThreat 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nThreat 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nThreat 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Text Box E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E4",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "E",
-      "section_title": "The Darién Gap",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 2.0,
-      "question": "2 m 4. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Text Box E1. \n \n When Bajo Chiquito became the main reception centre for migrants, how might this have \nimpacted services and built environments in the village? Give at least four specific \nexamples. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17 \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ........…",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Text Box E1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Heat Island",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 3.5,
-      "question": "3.5 m 1. Draw an isopleth (air temperature) map for Birmingham and the surrounding urban area. \n Draw isopleths at 3.9, 4.2, 4.5, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, 5.5, 5.7 and 6.0 °C. \n Colour the map and fill in the legend. \n Note: air temperature data was for the night of February 19th 2014. The average \n temperature was 5.2 °C. \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20 \n For this question, refer to Study Resource Booklet: Figure F1.",
-      "resource_refs": [
-        "Figure F1"
-      ],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Heat Island",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1.5,
-      "question": "1.5 m 2. Analyse the satellite image and the map you drew in Q1. \n Identify the area of Birmingham where urban heat island has formed and describe the land \n use in the area identified. \n \nArea: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \nLand use: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F3",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Heat Island",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 4.0,
-      "question": "4 m 3. Explain four environmental impacts of urban heat islands worldwide. \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ..…",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F4",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "test_type": "WRT",
-      "section": "F",
-      "section_title": "Urban Heat Island",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 6.0,
-      "question": "6 m 4. Name three strategies that cities can implement to mitigate the urban heat island effect \n and evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies you selected. \n \nStrategy 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEvaluation: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEvaluation: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ......................…",
-      "resource_refs": [],
-      "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf",
-      "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_1996_fwe_Fieldwork",
-      "year": 1996,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "Fieldwork",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n1996 iGeo – The Hague, The Netherlands \nThe Fieldwork \nThe structure of a typical coastal landscape \nIn general the beach can be divided into a zone with regular tidal influence and a higher part, inundated only \nwhen extreme high water levels occur. On this higher part of the beach some pioneer plants with high salt \ntolerance can settle. The dune landscape can be divided in: primary dunes, primary dune valleys and the dune \ncomplex. These morphological units have there own soil and vegetation characteristics (figure 7 + 8). \n \nNearby the sea the sediment contains lime, originating from fragmented shells. Therefore the plants near the \ncoast line have a high lime tolerance. With increasing distance from the coast line the lime content is diminishing \nand other (seconda",
-      "source_pdf": "1996Fieldwork.pdf",
-      "extraction": "file_unit"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2002_fwe_FW_part_1",
-      "year": 2002,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FW part 1",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n2002 iGeo - Durban, South Africa \nFieldwork Part 1 \n \nCBD of Durban \nDraw a labeled street transect. Complete the following tasks in the field: (1 hour maximum). Buses will be waiting \nat the corner of Aliwal and West Street. Location: From the corner of West and Grey Street to the corner of West \nand Aliwal Street (south facing buildings only). \n Construct a labeled transect of ground floor land-use activities along the West Street. \n 'Step out' the distance between different buildings to get a reasonably accurate measurement. \n Label the different land uses and distinguish between different kinds of activities, for example, a garage \nselling petrol and other goods, a café, a bookshop, etc. \n Indicate on the map where informal sellers are situated. \nGateway Shoppin",
-      "source_pdf": "2002FWpart1.pdf",
-      "extraction": "file_unit"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2002_fwe_FW_part_2",
-      "year": 2002,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FW part 2",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n2002 iGeo - Durban, South Africa \nFieldwork Part 2 \n \nCommercial activities \n Complete a neat, accurate copy of the transect along West Street from Grey Street to Aliwal Street on \nthe graph paper provided. Choose an appropriate scale. Indicate different kinds of land use types using \na key (shading or cross hatching). Label the activities on the transect. Show the location of informal \ntraders. (15) \n Tabulate (present as a table) the (a) similarities and (b) differences of commercial activities in the CBD \nof Durban and the regional shopping centre at Gateway. (10) \n Using your insights and experience at Gateway Shopping Centre to develop a diagram illustrating the \nproblems caused by the decentralization of regional shopping centres. (10)",
-      "source_pdf": "2002FWpart2.pdf",
-      "extraction": "file_unit"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2006_fwe_FWT_q2",
-      "year": 2006,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWT",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_FWT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2008_fwe_FWT",
-      "year": 2008,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWT",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\nInternational Geography Olympiad 2008 \nFieldwork Test \n \n[Note there were three components to the Fieldwork Test.] \n \nMapping exercise 1 \n \nAttached is a very basic map of the area that you have to map in more detail. \nAll that is indicated on the map are: the road and bridge, farm buildings and tracks, \nwater reservoir and well and a few contour lines. \n \nComplete the map by also indicating landforms and land use. \n \nChoose appropriate symbols, labels and colours and complete the legend. \n \nYou have 1 hour to complete this mapping exercise. \nThis exercise is worth 10 marks. \nWork individually. Working cooperatively with others will result in a penalty.",
-      "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_FWT.pdf",
-      "extraction": "file_unit"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_fwe_FWT_q1",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWT",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_FWT_all_questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2010_fwe_FWT_q2",
-      "year": 2010,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWT",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_FWT_all_questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2013_fwe_FWT_resources",
-      "year": 2013,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWT resources",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n \r  10th \r  International \r  Geography \r  Olympiad \r  FIELDWORK \r  iGeo \r  Kyoto \r  2013 \r   \n \nCity \r  and \r  Water \r   \r   \r   Resource \r  booklet \r   \r  NAME[ \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r ] \r  TEAM[ \r \r \r \r \r \r ] \r NO[ \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r ] \r   \r   \r   \r  \n\n===== PAGE 2 =====\n \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r  \n\n===== PAGE 3 =====\nIntroduction \r   \r  Many \r  Japanese \r  cities \r  have \r  evolved \r  as \r  a \r  consequence \r  of \r  the \r  availability \r  and \r  use \r  of \r  local \r  water. \r  In \r  the \r  pre-­‐modern \r  era, \r  water \r  was \r  used \r  for \r  variety \r  of \r  purposes \r  in \r  urban \r  areas \r  (transportation, \r  drinking",
-      "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_FWT_resourcebooklet.pdf",
-      "extraction": "file_unit"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_fwe_FWE_task1A",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE",
-      "question_number": "1A",
-      "section_title": "Field work: observation and recording of field data",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Field work: observation and recording of field data",
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_fwe_FWE_task1B",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE",
-      "question_number": "1B",
-      "section_title": "Mapping and analysis of the uses of public space student number: ……………",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Mapping and analysis of the uses of public space student number: ……………",
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2014_fwe_FWE_task2",
-      "year": 2014,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Field work exercise: using field data creatively",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Field work exercise: using field data creatively",
-      "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task1_task1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1 Task1",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1",
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task1.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task2_task1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1 Task2",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "2",
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task2.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task3_task1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1 Task3",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "3",
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task3.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task4_task1",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1 Task4",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "4",
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task4.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-2_task2",
-      "year": 2015,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "1. Staritsa’s changing zone of influence (maximum 6 marks).",
-      "marks": 6,
-      "question": "1. Staritsa’s changing zone of influence (maximum 6 marks).",
-      "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-2_task.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-1_task1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayuandongqu",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayuandongqu",
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-1_task2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Water management – Beixiaohe River [9 marks]",
-      "marks": 9,
-      "question": "Water management – Beixiaohe River [9 marks]",
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-1_task3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "section_title": "Traffic junction and subway station [11 marks]",
-      "marks": 11,
-      "question": "Traffic junction and subway station [11 marks]",
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-2_task1",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayandongqu",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayandongqu",
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-2_task2",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Water management – Beixiaohe River",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Water management – Beixiaohe River",
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-2_task3",
-      "year": 2016,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "section_title": "Traffic junction and subway station",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Traffic junction and subway station",
-      "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_fwe_FWE-1A_task1A",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1A",
-      "question_number": "1A",
-      "section_title": "Student number",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Student number",
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1A.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_fwe_FWE-1B_task1B",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1B",
-      "question_number": "1B",
-      "section_title": "Student number",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Student number",
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1B.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2017_fwe_FWE-2_q4",
-      "year": 2017,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_FWE-2.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-1A_task1A",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1A",
-      "question_number": "1A",
-      "section_title": "Student Number",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Student Number",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE-1A-QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-1B_task1B",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1B",
-      "question_number": "1B",
-      "section_title": "Student Number",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Student Number",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE-1B_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-2_task1",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "Baie-Saint-Paul",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Baie-Saint-Paul",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE-2_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-2_task2",
-      "year": 2018,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Boisé du Quai – Bay Area",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Boisé du Quai – Bay Area",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE-2_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Task1_task1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE Task1",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "Student Number",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Student Number",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE_Task1_QP_2019iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Task2_task2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE Task2",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Student Number",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Student Number",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE_Task2_QP_2019iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q1",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE Test",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q2",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE Test",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q3",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE Test",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q4",
-      "year": 2019,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE Test",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q1",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-I",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q2",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-I",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q3",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-I",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q5",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-I",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf",
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q7",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-I",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": null,
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-II_task2",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-II",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "1 - Calculate the population density of sites near Ataturk urban forest",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1 - Calculate the population density of sites near Ataturk urban forest",
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE_II-Tasks-and-resources.pdf",
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-II_taskC",
-      "year": 2021,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-II",
-      "question_number": "C",
-      "section_title": "ontinues on next slide.",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "ontinues on next slide.",
-      "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE_II-Tasks-and-resources.pdf",
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_fwe_FWE-1",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n18thInternationalGeographyOlympiadParis,France 12th-18thJuly2022FieldworkExercisePartI Tasks\n\n===== PAGE 2 =====\nDeariGEOparticipant,BeforestartingyourvirtualtripoftheLower RiverSeine,pleasereadtheseguidelines.1.YouhavetheprintedmapoftheFWE-Iarea.Usethismaptoorientateyourself.2.Thesequenceofmovingfromonetask toanotherisinnumericorder:Task 1(Start)→Task2→Task 3→Task4→Task5→(Finish).3.Youmaymove fromonetasktoanotherandreturntoprevious tasksifyouwish.4.Foreachtask youwillgetactivitiesyouneedtocomplete.5.ForFWE-Iyoucangainamaximumof15marks.6.Youaretodecideforhowlongyouwillbe“staying”ateachtask.7.AnswersshouldbewritteninEnglishontheResponseSheet.Foranswersuseadarkblueorblack pen.DonotforgettowriteyourparticipantcodeintheupperrightcornerofallpagesoftheResponse Sheet.8.Thispr",
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_FWE-1_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf",
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2022_fwe_FWE-2_task2",
-      "year": 2022,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1",
-      "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_FWE-2_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_fwe_FWE-2_task2",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Analysis Session",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Analysis Session",
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_FWE-2.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_fwe_FWE-2_taskG",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "G",
-      "section_title": "uideline",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "uideline",
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_FWE-2.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2023_fwe_FWE_Intro",
-      "year": 2023,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE Intro",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\nIntroduction to\nField Work Exercise\nBandung, 9 August 2023\n\n===== PAGE 2 =====\nEven though its 'small', Bandung is one of the largest and most \nwell developed cities in Indonesia\nHas a population density of...\n14,713 per km2\nHas a GDP of... \nU$ 20 Billion\nHas a per capita GDP of...\nU$ 8,160/capita\nHas the...\nFirst HSR in Southern Hemisphere\nHome to...\n2,461,553 People \nFun Facts about Bandung!\n\n===== PAGE 3 =====\nIt's also the nucleus of the Greater Bandung metropolitan area\nGreater Bandung is a metropolitan area in West Java that consist of 5 cities \nand regencies inside the 'bandung basin' which include:\nGreater Bandung\nBandung Acts as the Core!\n• Bandung City\n• Cimahi City\n• Bandung Regency\n• West Bandung Regency\n• Sumedang Regency (partially)\nHas a population dens",
-      "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_FWE_Introduction.pdf",
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_fwe_FWE-1_taskB",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "B",
-      "section_title": "1 Observe the street. Notice how people use the street pavement and roads, e.g. walking, scooting, c",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1 Observe the street. Notice how people use the street pavement and roads, e.g. walking, scooting, c",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE-1_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_fwe_FWE-1_taskC",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "C",
-      "section_title": "1 Find a safe position where you can see Maynooth Train Station.",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "1 Find a safe position where you can see Maynooth Train Station.",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE-1_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2024_fwe_FWE-2",
-      "year": 2024,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n 1 \n \n \nIRELAND 2024 \n20th International Geography Olympiad \n20th August 2024 - Fieldwork Exercise \nAFTERNOON – PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY \n \nBooklet D for Problem Solving Activity (PSA) \nStudent number \nPlease insert your student number: \n2 0 \n \n \n \nGeneral Instructions \nStudents educated in English will have 1 hour 30 minutes to write this test. \nStudents not educated in English will be provided with 20 extra minutes, 1 hour and 50 minutes. \nRemember to use your maps, information booklet and work from this morning. \n \nMarks \nThe examiners will complete this table, please leave blank: \n \n \n \nQuestion Mark \nActivity PSA1 / 8 \nActivity PSA 2 / 4 \nActivity PSA3 / 8 \nActivity PSA4 / 14 \nActivity PSA4 / 6 \n1, 2 / 12 \n3, 4, 5 / 28 \nTotal for PSA / 40 \n\n===== PAGE 2 ====",
-      "source_pdf": "FWE-2_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf",
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-1_task1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "Observe and Sketch the Image (10 marks).",
-      "marks": 10,
-      "question": "Observe and Sketch the Image (10 marks).",
-      "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-1_task2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Observe and Collect Data on Human Activities and Vegetation (20 marks).",
-      "marks": 20,
-      "question": "Observe and Collect Data on Human Activities and Vegetation (20 marks).",
-      "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-1_taskM",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-1",
-      "question_number": "M",
-      "section_title": "anagement: The survey and data collection will be conducted along two",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "anagement: The survey and data collection will be conducted along two",
-      "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
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-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-2_task1",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "section_title": "Numerical, Graphical, and Geographical skills (16 marks)",
-      "marks": 16,
-      "question": "Numerical, Graphical, and Geographical skills (16 marks)",
-      "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-2.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-2_task2",
-      "year": 2025,
-      "test_type": "FWE",
-      "exercise": "FWE-2",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "section_title": "Mapping, Interpretation and Analysis of Observational Data",
-      "marks": null,
-      "question": "Mapping, Interpretation and Analysis of Observational Data",
-      "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-2.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q01",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "1",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 01 In which country were the following photographs taken?\nA\nB\nC\nD\nNew Caledonia\nPapua New \nGuinea\nSamoa\nFiji\nSources: https://www.goway.com/destinations/south-pacific/papua-new-\nguinea/cruise\nhttps://www.mappr.co/capital-cities/papua-new-guinea/\nhttps://www.wendyperrin.com/destination/insiders-guide-papua-new-guinea/\nhttps://www.skyscanner.net/hotels/papua-new-guinea/port-moresby-\nhotels/lamana-hotel/ht-124322076\nhttps://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbopar1/cur/introduction?media=photo\ns\n\n===== PAGE 5 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q02",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "2",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 02 What natural process is most likely responsible for the landscape \ntransformation observed in the satellite images?\nA\nB\nAn effusive eruption \nfrom a fissure\nAn oil spill from a \nruptured pipeline\nC The expansion of a \nwildfire\nD The sudden land \ncollapse by melting \npermafrost\nIntensionally blanked\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/fresh-flows-spread-across-iceland-152631/\n\n===== PAGE 6 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q03",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "3",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 03 Referring to the planetary boundaries diagrams, which of the following statements best \ndescribes the status of the “biosphere integrity” (biodiversity loss) boundary in 2023?\nA It has been exceeded, suggesting \nunsustainable rates of species extinction.\nB It is approaching the boundary but remains \nwithin the safe zone.\nC It is currently within the safe operating space, \nwith minimal risk.\nD It is not yet defined within the planetary \nboundaries framework.\nSource: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/news--events/doing-business-within-planetary-boundaries/chapter-1-a-planet-under-pressure.html\n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n. .\n.X\n. .\n.X\nStrategies of \nethnocultural groups",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q04",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "4",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 04\nA Assimilation and Melting pot\nB Integration and Multiculturalism\nC Marginalisation and Exclusion\nD Separation and Segregation\nWhich approaches are most likely for place X as shown in the diagram?\nIssue 1: Maintenance of heritage cultural identity \nIssue 2: \nRelations \nsought \namong \ngroups \nStrategies of \nlarger society\n+\n+\n-\n-\n+\n+- -\n-\nSource: https://doi.org/10.1037/10472-004\n\n===== PAGE 8 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q05",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "5",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 05 What does the following graph represent?\nA\nB\nC\nD Vehicle production\nImmigrant population\nNuclear power \ngeneration\nGross domestic product\nSource: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nuclear_power_generation_in_different_countries.svg\n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\nBased on the schematic, which environmental concern would most \nlikely be associated with the desalination process shown?",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q06",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "6",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 06\nA The reduction of \nunderground freshwater \nrecharge due to changes in \nland use\nB\nC\nD\nThe release of concentrated \nbrine into the sea, \npotentially harming marine \nlife\nThe competition between \nvegetation and \ninfrastructure for freshwater \nallocation\nThe increased likelihood of \nlocalised flooding from \nsurface water \nmismanagement\nSource: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/desalination-plant-desalt-saline-water-gm690645396-127312293 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\nWhat might be a long-term consequence if the Gulf of Maine continues \nwarming at the current rate?",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q07",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "7",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 07\nA Ocean temperatures \nworldwide will increase at \na similar pace\nB\nC\nD\nRegional climate patterns \nin the Gulf will become \nmore predictable\nMarine species could \nmigrate to cooler ocean \nregions\nThe rising temperature \ntrend will stop without \nhuman intervention\nUnited \nStates\nSources: \nhttps://www.neaq.org/exhibit/gulf-of-maine/\nhttps://gmri.org/stories/2024-gulf-of-maine-warming-update/\n\n===== PAGE 11 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q08",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "8",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 08 What pattern does this diagram represent?\nA Cultural Diffusion\nB Flow of Labour\nC Spread of Diseases\nD Urbanisation\ndirectionality\ninitial location\nSource: \nhttps://thebritishgeographer.weebly.com/the-\nspread-of-disease-and-its-management.html\n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\nIn which of the following scenarios would this urban model be most \neffectively used to explain urban spatial patterns?\nAnalysing residential zones in \nGlobal North cities with \ndecentralised business hubs\nDescribing factory-based city \ngrowth in the early 20th-century \nindustrial era\nExamining informal settlements in \nperi-urban megacity zones\nInterpreting migration-driven city \nstructures in the Global South since \n2010",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q09",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "9",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 09\nA\nB\nC\nD\nSource: https://taylorgeoitalyisawesome.wordpress.com/2015/05/10/urban-model-multiple-nuclei/\n\n===== PAGE 13 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q10",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "10",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 10 Which point on the map is most likely to be represented by the national population \npyramid shown? \nSources: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:South_Africa_Population_Pyramid_2011_estimates.png\nhttps://www.istockphoto.com/vector/world-map-illustration-gm1311340325-400470881\n\n===== PAGE 14 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q11",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "11",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 11 This map represents observed and predicted growth in Nairobi between \n1986 and 2023. What urban challenge best explains the widespread and \nfragmented growth pattern?\nA The expansion of high-rise \nresidential developments\nB\nThe improved public \nhealthcare and service \ndelivery\nC\nThe growth of informal and \nunplanned settlements\nD\nThe increase in affordable \nhousing supply by the \ngovernment\n Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Urban-growth-simulation-in-Nairobi-in-scenario-two-\n2030_fig9_260420063\n\n===== PAGE 15 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q12",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "12",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 12 How does the rail network shown on the map contribute to Argentina’s \neconomic geography?\nIt facilitates export of \nagricultural products from \ninland regions\nIt improves access between \nrural communities and cities\nIt links large car production \nsites directly to overseas \nmarkets\nIt reduces trade dependence on \nArgentina’s landlocked \nneighbours.\nA\nB\nC\nD\nCity of Buenos \nAiresSubway\nSubway U/C\nLight Rail\nNational rails\nSource: https://www.liberallandscape.org/2019/04/15/pedestrian-priority-in-buenos-aires/\n\n===== PAGE 16 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q13",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "13",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 13 Which geographic characteristic best explains the distribution of the \nworld’s major wheat-producing areas as shown on the map?\nA Broad flatlands that \nsupport large-scale \nfarming\nB\nC\nD\nClose distance to \ninternational trade \nports\nHigh population \ndensities and urban \ncentres\nMountainous terrain \nthat conserves soil \nnutrients\nSource: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_4\n\n===== PAGE 17 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q14",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "14",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 14 What urban issue is clearly illustrated by the spatial contrast shown in the \naerial image?\nA\nClear enforcement of urban green \nbelt zoning policies\nB\nDeepening economic inequality \nand spatial segregation\nC\nEffective launch of smart city \ndevelopment strategies\nD\nSlowing rates of rural-to-urban \nmigration\nSource: \nhttps://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/n\news-trends/article/2160208/drone-\nimages-india-south-africa-offer-birds-eye-\nview\n\n===== PAGE 18 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q15",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "15",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 15\nA Both images show breccia rocks, indicating earthquake activity. \nB\nC\nD\nWhich statement is true about these images from Mars and Earth?\nBoth images show conglomerate rocks, indicating an abundance of liquid. \nBoth images show granite rocks, indicating volcanic activity. \nBoth images show slate rocks, indicating contact metamorphism.\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/resource/rock-outcrops-on-mars-and-earth/\n\n===== PAGE 19 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q16",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "16",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 16 The following diagram shows the global distribution of a landform. What is \nthe specific type of landform?\nA\nB\nC\nD Yardangs\nFjords\nNunataks\nDrumlins\nSource: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Global-distribution-of-fjords_fig1_339626378\n\n===== PAGE 20 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q17",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "17",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 17 What environmental factor likely influenced the site selection for this solar \nproject?\nArid climate allows \nconsistent energy output\nMountainous site for wind \nenergy potential\nRemote site to avoid town \nconflicts\nRocky ground supports \nlarge structures\nA\nB\nC\nD\nSource: http://en.sasac.gov.cn/2019/01/31/c_813.htm\n\n===== PAGE 21 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q18",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "18",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 18 Which of the following spaces best fulfils Oldenburg’s definition of a \n“Third place”?\nA A shared workspace that requires \nregistration to access\nB\nC\nD\nA community café where people \nfrom different walks of life gather \nspontaneously\nA residential garden courtyard \nshared by tenants, especially \nfamilies\nA university study zone designed \nfor focused, individual work and \nquietude.\nSource: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3056754&ref=dsebastien.net\n\n===== PAGE 22 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q19",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "19",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 19 To which number does the mass movement depicted correspond?\nA\nB\nC\nDGreater integration of outlying cities into \na balanced urban network\nStabilisation of growth in the dominant city \ndue to decentralisation pressures\nThe map shows an urban system where one city dominates in size relative \nto others. Based on this spatial pattern, if current growth trends continue, \nwhich economic effect is most likely to occur?\nIncreased innovation in smaller cities as they \ncompete for investment\nAmplification of regional inequality due \nto uneven capital and labour flows\nSource: \nhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w\niki/File:Proportional_circle_Turke\ny_city_town_population_map_20\n12.png\n\n===== PAGE 23 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q20",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "20",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 20 What geographic topic is referred to in this song?\nA\nB\nC\nD Volcanic activity\nMass movement\nPlate tectonics\nErosion\nSource: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xwGO2Qkwww\n\n===== PAGE 24 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q21",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "21",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 21 To which number does the mass movement depicted correspond?\nA\nB\nC\nDCommunity resilience to \ndisrupted spaces\nNegative labelling of conflict zones\nWhich geographical concept best explains the human response to \ndestruction in the image?\nIrregular housing patterns in citiesAdaptive use of transitional \nenvironments\nSource: \nhttps://www.straitstimes.com/world/mid\ndle-east/children-play-in-rubble-of-\ngaza-for-eid-holiday\n\n===== PAGE 25 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q22",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "22",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 22 What is the barometric pressure at Reykjavik, Iceland?\nA\nB\nC\nD 1028mb\n1007mb\n1021mb\n1000mb\nSource: https://www.surfertoday.com/surfing/how-to-\nread-a-weather-map\n\n===== PAGE 26 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q23",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "23",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 23 Which statement about the weather and geographical features in this landscape is \nmost likely correct?\nA Advance of a cold front over a downstream part of a river.\nB Advance of a cold front over an upstream part of a river.\nC Advance of a warm front over a downstream part of a river.\nD MaltaAdvance of a warm front over an upstream part of a river.\nSource: https://artofmuseums.com/products/mmoa0007cole\n\n===== PAGE 27 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q24",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "24",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 24 Which of the options provided explains the cross-cultural process \nrepresented by BLACKPINK’s incorporation of a 19th-century Western \nclassical violin theme into a 21st-century K-pop track?\nA\nB\nC\nDCultural ascendency Cultural hybridisation \nCultural hegemony Cultural appropriation \nNiccolò Paganini \"III. Rondo à La Clochette\"Blackpink Shut Down\nSources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POe9SOEKotk \nhttps://www.whosampled.com/Niccol%C3%B2-Paganini/III.-Rondo-%C3%A0-La-Clochette/\n\n===== PAGE 28 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q25",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "25",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 25 This NASA satellite image, described as showing “rivers of gold,” is linked \nto human activity in a tropical region. What is the most likely \nenvironmental impact associated with this activity?\nA\nB\nC\nDContamination of waterways due to \nmercury usage in mining.\nIncrease of mangrove area due to extra \nnatural fertilization.\nIncreased glacial melting due to greater \nsolar radiation absorption.\nAccelerated desertification due to \nwind erosion.\nSource: \nhttps://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Search\nPhotos/photo.pl?mission=ISS0\n64&roll=E&frame=16203\n\n===== PAGE 29 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q26",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "26",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 26 The graphs illustrate changes in water levels at three sites over a 24-hour \nperiod. What do these graphs portray?\nA\nB\nC\nDFluctuations in water surface \nlevels due to thermal expansion\nTidal height patterns across \ndifferent coastal areas \nVariations in sea surface \ntemperature across regions\nDaily flood peaks during the \nmonsoon season\nSemidiurnal Mixed Semidiurnal Diurnal\nTime (hrs) Time (hrs) Time (hrs)\nSource: https://www.algebralab.org/practice/practice.aspx?file=Reading_Tides.xml\n\n===== PAGE 30 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q27",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "27",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 27 What does the following map represent? \nA % of electricity generation \nfrom renewable sources\nB % of people speaking local \ndialects \nC % of households with \ninternet access\nD % of population living in \nurban areas\nSource: https://www.geocurrents.info/blog/2012/07/04/mapping-renewable-electricity-generation/\n\n===== PAGE 31 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q28",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "28",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 28 Based on the image, which option describes the time of day and season \nfor New Zealand?\nA\nB\nC\nD Winter morning\nSummer morning\nWinter afternoon\nSummer afternoon\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-\nobservatory/how-on-earth-was-this-image-made/ \n\n===== PAGE 32 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q29",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "29",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 29 Based on the geological features and labelled structures on the map, \nwhich of the following volcano classifications best describes Santorini?\nA\nB\nC\nD Stratovolcano\nLava Plateau\nShield Volcano\nCinder Cone\nSource: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-\nSeismotectonic-map-for-the-region-of-Southern-Aegean-\nB-Active-faults-of-the_fig1_270293778\n\n===== PAGE 33 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q30",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "30",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 30 What do the images suggest about the impact of global efforts to address \nozone depletion?\nA\nB\nC\nD Recovery started right after \n1980s agreements.\nOzone levels stayed constant \nwith little change.\nOzone kept thinning with no \nsigns of recovery.\nOzone loss slowed after 2000, \nshowing policy impact.\nTotal ozon (Dobson units)\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/watching-the-ozone-hole-before-and-after-the-montreal-protocol-79198/\n\n===== PAGE 34 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q31",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "31",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 31 What thematic information is represented by the patterns and regional \ngroupings on this map of Europe?\nA\nB\nC\nD Vegetation types shaped by \nclimate and land use\nClimate zones defined by \ntemperature and precipitation\nSoil types based on \ncomposition and regional \ngeography\nAreas of different seismic risk \nacross Europe\nSource: https://www.zrss.si/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/SS_drzavna-stopnja_pola-1.pdf\n\n===== PAGE 35 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q32",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "32",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 32 Which of the following is NOT an outcome of gentrification affecting the urban poor?\nA New middle-class residents will make \ndaily goods and services less affordable \nfor poorer residents.\nB Higher income newcomers raise rental \ncosts, displacing original residents.\nC More businesses boost the local economy \nand improve employment opportunities.\nD Upscale food establishments increase \nfood variety and accessibility for the \nurban poor.\nSource: https://truthout.org/art/summer-refreshment-gentrification/\n\n===== PAGE 36 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q33",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "33",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 33 The map shows the fertility rate in 2023. Which of the following \nconclusions is supported by the map?\nA\nB\nC\nDMost countries in Europe have fertility \nrates below the replacement level.\nGlobally, the majority of countries have \nfertility rates under 4 births per woman.\nThe highest fertility rates are concentrated \nin Sub-Saharan Africa. \nMost Asian countries have fertility rates \nbetween 2 and 4 births per woman.\nSource: https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate\n\n===== PAGE 37 =====\nC",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q34",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "34",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 34 Which satellite image is illustrated with the correct weather symbols? ​\nL\nH\n H\nL\nA B\nD\nSource: \nhttps://www.severe-\nweather.eu/global-\nweather/wet-cold-\naustralian-winter-\ndefying-el-nino-alert-\nofficial-winter-weather-\nforecast-bh/\n\n===== PAGE 38 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q35",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "35",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 35 What type of resource is shown on the map provided?\nA\nB\nC\nD Speculative \nresource\nProven resource\nRenewable resource\nConditional \nresource\nSource: \nhttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-\nshowing-the-AUs-of-the-CARA-is-color-coded-\nfor-mean-estimated-undiscovered-oil-\nOnly_fig3_26249371\n\n===== PAGE 39 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q36",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "36",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 36 Based on the Global Growth Forecasts for 2024, which general statement \nabout regional economic projections is most accurate?\nA\nB\nC\nD South American economies \nare expected to universally \noutperform other continents.\nMany established European \neconomies are forecast to \nexperience relatively modest \ngrowth\nNorth American nations are \nlargely anticipating significant \neconomic expansion\nEconomies in the Asian \ncontinent are projected for \nuniformly high growth\nSource: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/gdp-growth-forecasts-by-country-in-2024/\n\n===== PAGE 40 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q37",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "37",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 37 Which of the following options best explains the \"decoupling\" \nphenomenon illustrated in the graph?\nA\nB\nC\nD Urbanization reduced \nagricultural land\nImproved data tracking \nsupported more efficient \nland use.\nDietary shifts reduced land-\nintensive product demand\nTechnological advances \nimproved crop yields\nSource: https://ourworldindata.org/peak-agriculture-land?utm_campaign=mb&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_source=chatgpt.com\n\n===== PAGE 41 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q38",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "38",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 38 What central tension regarding tourism does the cartoon highlight?\nA\nB\nC\nD The differing expectations tourists \nand locals have regarding the pace \nand style of daily life in popular \ndestinations.\nThe challenges cities face in \nmanaging large tourist populations \nversus the need for urban \ndevelopment. \nThe struggle between tourists' \npursuit of perceived realism and \nlocal residents' experience of \ndisruption.\nThe conflict between tourist \ndemands for digital content versus \nlocal desires for economic growth. \nSource: https://www.pagina21.eu/emanuele-del-rosso-24/libex/\n\n===== PAGE 42 =====\nA 1 and 2\nB 1 and 3\nC 2 and 4\nD 3 and 4\n1 2\n3",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q39",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "39",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 39 To engage the local community, a Geopark organized a geological dessert \nbake-off. \nWhich of these four culinary geological features relate to divergent plate \nmovement? \nSources: \nhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/geolsoc/139571\n11120/in/set-72157644551255832\nhttps://blog.geolsoc.org.uk/2018/07/06/plate-\ntectonic-stories-competition-the-\nresults/hannah-moss-davies/\nhttps://blog.geolsoc.org.uk/2017/06/16/the-\n2017-great-geobakeoff-the-results/\nhttps://www.reddit.com/r/geology/comments/1h\n6qbb7/transform_fault_cake/\n4\n\n===== PAGE 43 =====",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    },
-    {
-      "id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q40",
-      "year": null,
-      "test_type": "MMT",
-      "question_number": "40",
-      "marks": 1,
-      "question": "Q 40\nA\nB\nC\nD\nBelgian Remco Evenepoel won the Olympic cycling road race at the 2024 Paris \nOlympics. Where is the camera located?\nA B\nC\nD\nSources: https://www.etsy.com/no-\nen/listing/79747098/map-champ-de-mars-\nfrance-french-paris\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6Om072d\nfbU\n\n===== PAGE 44 =====\n• You have reached the last slide of the Multimedia \nTest.\n• Click on the arrow (↑ ←) to go back to the previous \npage(s) if you want to check your answers.\n• For fast navigation:\nClick here to go back to question 1\nClick here to go back to question 10\nClick here to go back to question 20\nClick here to go back to question 30\n• Wait silently until the time is over. \nDO NOT CLICK ON THE ESCAPE BUTTON, AS \nTHAT ENDS THE PRESENTATION.\nThe last slide",
-      "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf",
-      "extraction": "pdf_text",
-      "format": "multiple_choice"
-    }
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmark/iGeo/igeo_questions.jsonl b/benchmark/iGeo/igeo_questions.jsonl
deleted file mode 100644
index 01ed5ab5405f50683bd0aa25976e9c626badc8ad..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/benchmark/iGeo/igeo_questions.jsonl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,600 +0,0 @@
-{"id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C17", "year": 1996, "host": "The Hague, Netherlands", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The water cycle", "question_number": "17", "marks": 2.0, "question": "17. Because of what human activity has lake Aral subsided? (2 marks)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf", "marking_pdf": null, "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C18", "year": 1996, "host": "The Hague, Netherlands", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The water cycle", "question_number": "18", "marks": 2.0, "question": "18. Mention two causes of the rising salt content of lake Aral. (2 marks) \n\n===== PAGE 2 =====", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf", "marking_pdf": null, "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C19", "year": 1996, "host": "The Hague, Netherlands", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The water cycle", "question_number": "19", "marks": 2.0, "question": "19. About 20 of the 24 species of fish in lake Aral have disappeared. Fishing, which amounted to 44,000 tons in \nthe fifties and which provided about 60,000 jobs, has gone down to zero. Make a connection between these facts \nand the subsidence of lake Aral. (2 marks)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf", "marking_pdf": null, "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_1996_wrt_C20", "year": 1996, "host": "The Hague, Netherlands", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The water cycle", "question_number": "20", "marks": 3.0, "question": "20. The climate round lake Aral has changed. Summers have yielded higher temperatures, winters have become \ncolder. Because frost appears earlier and remains longer, the growth season has become shorter. Find a \nconnection between the changes in the climate and the subsidence of lake Aral. (3 marks)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "1996WrittenTest.pdf", "marking_pdf": null, "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_11a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "Climate", "question_number": "1a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1a In what time of the year (month) was this satellite image taken? (1m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_11b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "Climate", "question_number": "1b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "1b Justify your choice by using information on this image. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_12a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "Climate", "question_number": "2a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2a Mark the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) by drawing two (2) \nlines on the world map on worksheet 1. (1m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_12b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "Climate", "question_number": "2b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2b How can this zone be identified on the map. (1m) \nWrite down the three (3) atmospheric processes that take place in this \nzone. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_13a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "Climate", "question_number": "3a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3a Draw a circle on the image on worksheet 1 to indicate \n- one (1) low pressure area (with a L) (1m) \n- one (1) high pressure area (with a H) (1m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_13b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "Climate", "question_number": "3b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3b Justify your choice for the area of high pressure. (1m) \n \nPressure areas in the world \n \n4 The subtropical zone of high pressure in the Southern Hemisphere is \nmuch more distinct than the same kind of zone in the Northern \nHemisphere. \nExplain why. (2m) \n \nClimates and type of vegetation in Africa (sources 2 and 3 of \nSection 1) \n \nThere are four images (1 - 4) that show the natural vegetation of four \nAfrican regions There are also two climate graphs (A and B) of two \nclimate stations in Africa. \n \n5 The climate graphs match two of the four vegetation images. What is the \ntype of vegetation that is related to: \n- climate station A? (1m) \n- climate station B? (1m) \n \n6 Justify your answer to the following. \n- A and image … : because … (1m) \n- B and image … : because … (1m) \n \n7 Write your name and country on worksheet 2. \nClearly show the location of the climate stations by writing the letters A \nand B on the map of Africa. (2m) \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration", "question_number": "1a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "1a What is the significance of the plus and minus signs in the circles \nsymbolising regions of origin and destination of migrants? (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration", "question_number": "1b", "marks": 3.0, "question": "1b Name three (3) factors that might be regarded as ‘intervening obstacles’. \n(3m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21c", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration", "question_number": "1c", "marks": 2.0, "question": "1c With reference to the model above, describe two (2) reasons why a person \nwould choose NOT to migrate. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_21d", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration", "question_number": "1d", "marks": 4.0, "question": "1d Using the terms used in the model, outline the major differences between \nPUSH and PULL migration. (4m) \n \n Refer to the source in Section 2 of the booklet. \nThis figure shows a population structure greatly influenced by migration. \nSome towns or regions wi thin countries of the more economically \ndeveloped world have this type of population structure.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_22a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration", "question_number": "2a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2a Name two (2) factors other than age, that make migration a selective \nprocess. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_22b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration", "question_number": "2b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2b Does this population structure belong to a town or region with a positive \nbalance of migration or with a negative balance of migration? \n Explain your choice. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_22c", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "The dynamics of population: migration", "question_number": "2c", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2c If the population structure shown in the source resulted from a \npositive balance of migration, name two (2) possible economic \nbenefits for this town or region. (2m) \n \n3 Name two (2) disadvantages that migrants might experience in their new \ncountry. (2m) \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_31a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "3", "section_title": "Volcano Merapi", "question_number": "1a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1a Which geographical term is used to describe place A? (1m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_31b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "3", "section_title": "Volcano Merapi", "question_number": "1b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1b Which geographical term is used to describe the underground seismic \ncentre of the earthquake. (letter B in source 4)? (1m) \n \nThe earthquake was not extremely strong, yet the number of victims was \nrelatively high. \n2 Explain two (2) factors that contributed to the relatively high number of \nvictims. (2m) \n \nWrite your name and country on worksheet 3. \nJava is located on the edge of two geological plates. The cross section of", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_44a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and", "question_number": "4a", "marks": 3.0, "question": "4a For any country in the developed world, give three (3) reasons which \nhelp to explain the declining employment in manufacturing industry in \nthe last forty years. (3m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_44b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and", "question_number": "4b", "marks": 3.0, "question": "4b Name three (3) ways in which governments in the developed world have \nreacted to such a trend. (3m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_45a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and", "question_number": "5a", "marks": 3.0, "question": "5a Give one (1) social, one (1) economical and one (1) political reason why \nsome countries of the North supply foreign aid to some countries of the \nSouth. (3m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_45b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Economic activity, the business world and", "question_number": "5b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "5b Name two (2) benefits of foreign aid for the countries of the South. (2m) \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_51", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "1. This test consists of five sections. \n1 Climate 18 marks \n2 The dynamics of population: migration 19 marks \n3 Volcano ‘Merapi’ 15 marks \n4 Economic activity and the business world 18 marks \n5 Fresh water in the Middle East 20 marks", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_51a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "1a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1a In what season is precipitation the lowest? (1m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_51b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "1b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "1b Explain your answer. (2m) \n \n \nRefer to map ‘Water between Turkey and the Gulf Region’ - Section 5, \nsource 2. \nApproximately 20% of the irrigated land in Iraq is no longer suitable for \nagriculture as a result of inappropriate methods of irrigation.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_52", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": "2. The total of all marks is 90", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_52a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "2a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2a Describe an inappropriate method of irrigation that has a negative \nimpact on the soil. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_52b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "2b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2b Provide two (2) specific measures that could stop or reverse this process. \n(2m) \n \n \nIn several dry regions of the Middle East natural reservoirs of \ngroundwater occur. The capacity of a groundwater reservoir depends on \nthe nature of the rock formation", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_53", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": "3. Give only the required number of answers (reasons, examples et cetera). For \ninstance, if the question asks for two reasons and you give more than two, only \nthe first two reasons will be marked.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_53a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "3a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3a Which of the following rock formations has the highest capacity? (1m) \n- shale \n- sandstone \n- granite \n- limestone", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_53b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "3b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3b Explain your answer. (1m) \n \n \n4 Write your name on worksheet 4 ‘Fresh Water in the Middle East. \nThere are different principles that can be used in dividing river water \nrights between countries. The table in worksheet 4 lists a number of these \nprinciples. \nAnalyse the situation for the river Euphrates and the countries Turkey, \nSyria and Iraq. \nFor each principle indicate in column A which country would benefit, \nand in column B which country would be disadvantaged. (4m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_54", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": "4. Answer all questions on your answer sheets or worksheets. \nUse a new answer sheet for each sections (1 - 5).", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_55", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "5", "marks": null, "question": "5. Write your name and country on each of the five answer sheets and the four \nworksheets.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_55a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "5a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "5a Compare principles 1 and 2. Both are geographical in nature. \n Mention two (2) reasons why principle 2 is to be preferred to \n principle 1. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_55b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh Water in the Middle East", "question_number": "5b", "marks": 3.0, "question": "5b Compare the principles 4 to 8. Mention one (1) of these principles that, in \nyour opinion, should be included in negotiations over water rights \nbetween states. Justify your choice. (3m) \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThe Greater Anatolian Project consists of a number of dams and artificial \nlakes in the river Euphrates in the South East of Turkey. It stimulates \nlarge scale irrigated agriculture. \nIt is to be expected that both the quantity and the quality of the water \ndownstream will be affected. \n \n6 Explain in what way(s) irrigation in South East Turkey can negatively \ninfluence the quality of the river water of the Euphrates. (2m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_56", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "6", "marks": null, "question": "6. The Sources booklet contains the maps and figures referred to in the questions.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_57", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "7", "marks": null, "question": "7. Time available: 150 minutes. \nNon-native speakers of English are allowed an additional 30 minutes.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_58", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Fresh water in the Middle East", "question_number": "8", "marks": null, "question": "8. Non-native speakers of English are allowed to use dictionaries: English - native \nlanguage and native language - English. \n \n \nSuccess! \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.", "question_number": "3a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3a Draw the path of both plates in the underground. (1m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.", "question_number": "3b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3b Draw two (2) circles indicating the magma chambers mentioned in \n source 1. (1 m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3c", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.", "question_number": "3c", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3c Write the following terms in the correct place in the cross section: \n(1m) \n- continental plate \n- oceanic plate \n- Java Trench", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I3d", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.", "question_number": "3d", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3d Draw two (2) arrows indicating the direction in which both plates move. \n (1m) \n \nWorksheet 3 ‘Volcano Merapi’ contains a map of the island of Java and \nthe surrounding sea. \n4 Draw a line on this map (source 2) indicating the path of the boundary \nbetween the oceanic and the continental plates. (1m) \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7 \n \n5 Explain why both volcanism and earthquakes occur on the island of Java. \n(2m) \n \n \nThe nature of volcanism on Java is quite different from volcanism on \nIceland. On Java granitic magma is found whereas Iceland has basaltic \nmagma.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I6a", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.", "question_number": "6a", "marks": 3.0, "question": "6a Use the words ‘high’ and ‘low’ to complete the columns ‘basaltic \nmagma’ and ‘granitic magma’ in the table on worksheet 3. (3m)", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_wrt_I6b", "year": 2006, "host": "Brisbane, Australia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "s shown on worksheet 3.", "question_number": "6b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "6b Based on the properties of the Merapi magma, would an eruption be \nexplosive or quiet? (1m) \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Questions.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2006iGeo_WRT_Markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_11a", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "International tourism", "question_number": "1a", "marks": 4.0, "question": "1a 4m Comment on the real and anticipated changes in international \ntourism, both regionally and world-wide, from 1950 to 2020, and \nsuggest three reasons for these changes on the global scale.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_11b", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "International tourism", "question_number": "1b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "1b 2m Give two reasons why international tourism might NOT grow as \nmuch as expected.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_12", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "International tourism", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 2m Describe the spatial distribu tion of the world’s Top 10 Tourism \nDestinations (source 2) and give one possible reason for this \ndistribution.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_13", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "International tourism", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "3 2m Which countries had a higher or lower Top 10 Tourism Destinations \nrank in 2006 than they did in 2003? Suggest two reasons for these \nchanges.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_14", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "1", "section_title": "International tourism", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 4m What are some of the positive and negative impacts of international \ntourism? Fill in one impact in each cell of Table 1 on worksheet 1. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_21", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 1m Lines 1 and 2 in source 1 demarcate ecosystems. \nWhat is the name of the ecosystem between the two lines?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_22a", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "2a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2a 1m The so-called Cold Pole is the place where the lowest winter temperatures \nin the Northern Hemisphere are measured. Mark on the map on \nworksheet 2 where the Cold Pole is located.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_22b", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "2b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2b 1m What is the lowest temperature ever recorded there in degrees Fahrenheit \nor Celsius?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_22c", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "2c", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2c 2m Give (besides the northerly location) two causes for these very harsh \nclimatic conditions.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_23", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3 1m How are the decrease in Arctic ice cover and the Gulf Stream (North \nAtlantic Drift) interlinked?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_24", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "4 3m Name two mammal species in the Arctic region which are threatened \nby global warming. Explain how they are threatened.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_25", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "5 2m Name two positive side effects of the decrease in Arctic ice.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_26", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "2", "section_title": "Climate & climate change (global warming)", "question_number": "6", "marks": 1.0, "question": "6 1m Name one political consequence for the Arctic region of the decrease in \n Arctic ice. \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_31", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "3", "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "1 2m Why is the old town centre (source 3: built-up area until 1790) located at \nthe eastern fringe (edge) of modern Bogotá and not in the \ngeographical centre of the city?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_32", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "3", "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 2 m Source 2 shows the population growth of Bogotá. Much of that \ngrowth was a result of rural-urba n migration in Colombia. Was this \ninfluence of more importance in Bogotá before or after 1985? \nWhich data in source 2 show this clearly?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_33", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "3", "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "3 2m The city of Bogotá shows a clear social structure: the rich North and \nthe poor South. (source 1) \nWrite on your answer sheet the letters corresponding to all possible \nreasons for this strong contrast. \na) the climate \nb) the relief \nc) the location of the industry \nd) the railway lines \ne) the distribution of forests and recreational areas", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_34", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "3", "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "4 3m Source 1 shows that the former Central Business District (CBD) was \nlocated in the old city centre whereas the new CBD is in the North of \nBogotá. \nGive three reasons for this shift.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_35", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "3", "section_title": "Bogotá (Colombia)", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "5 2m According to source 1 there is one area of very low socio-economic \nstatus and a nearby partly dange rous neighbourhood in the Northern \nhalf of Bogotá. Explain their location. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_41", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 1m In terms of energy supply, the mature industrial economies shown in \nsource 1 : \n1. have uniform sources and patterns of energy generation, \n2. are heavily dependent (more than 2/3 of energy supply) on non \nrenewable fuels alone, \n3. use a significant amount (more than 1/5 of energy supply) from \nnuclear energy sources, \n4. have exploited renewable hydro-electricity extensively (more than \n1/5 of energy supply).", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_42", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2 1m With reference to renewable energy (source 2 ), which of the following \nstatements is NOT true: \n1. the technologies of hydroelectricity generation are well known, \nbut further development is dependent on reliable runoff and \nsuitable dam sites, \n2. new technologies like wind power generation have appeared and \ngrown rapidly in generation capacity partly as a consequence of \nthe limited supply and high price of fossil fuels, \n3. geothermal options, using steam driven turbines to generate \nelectricity, are widely available geographically, with the potential \nto provide 15% of global energy needs in the next 10 years, \n4. 'Bio-fuels' like ethanol additives can complement oil-based \nenergy, but large scale conversion of croplands to grow fuel feed-\nstocks may threaten existing food supply. \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_43", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "3 1m The geographical patterns of gl obal oil use per cap ita are distinct \n(source 4 ). \nThey show \n1. mature industrial countries in temperate latitudes are the only \nmajor users of oil, \n2. more than half the world's population have oil use figures per \ncapita that are in the lowest two levels of oil consumption, \n3. only countries that have high levels of oil production have high \nlevels of oil consumption per capita, \n4. as emerging economies, China and India have higher levels of \nconsumption per capita than countries in South America.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_44", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "4 3m Explain how the globa l distribution of natura l resources contributes \nto differential patterns of sustainable energy generation.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_45", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "5 3m Using source 4 , provide an analysis of the global patterns of energy use as \nindicated in the distribution of oil consumption per capita.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_46", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "4", "section_title": "Energy futures and sustainability", "question_number": "6", "marks": 4.0, "question": "6 4m Coal and oil provided the fossil- fuel energy drivers of industrial \neconomies since 1780. Hydro power has been used as a renewable energy \nsupply for industry for about 100 years. Biomass, although controversial, \nwill fuel vehicles. \nWrite a paragraph (between 100-200 words) about wind and geothermal \ngeneration as renewable sources of industrial energy supply. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_51a", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system", "question_number": "1a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1a 1m In which climate zone is Northern Nigeria situated?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_51b", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system", "question_number": "1b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1b 1m Which major climatic characteri stic causes food to be spoiled in \nNorthern Nigeria ? \n \n \nSee source 1", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_52", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2 1m Describe why the pot-in-pot devi ce is particularly efficient in \novercoming the food spoilage problem in such climatic conditions. \n \n \nSee sources 1 and 2.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_53", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "3 4m Illustrate with four arguments why the pot-in-pot device is such a \nsuccessful concept in regions like Northern Nigeria. \n \n \nSee the introductory paragraphs and sources 1 and 2. \nBenefiting from Mohammed Bah Abba’s project, farmers sell products on \ndemand nowadays and family income level rises noticeably in the \ncommunities where the pot-in-pot device has been widely adopted.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_54", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "5", "section_title": "Pot-in-pot system", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "4 3m In addition to the economic effect, describe three positive impacts of this \nproject on societal aspects of the rural communities. \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_61", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "6", "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games", "question_number": "1", "marks": 4.0, "question": "1 4m Write the letters A, B, D and E of the climate diagrams in source 1 on \nyour answer sheet and put the righ t city beside each letter. The \nclimate diagram of Beijing (C) can be used as a reference. \nChoose from the following cities: \n- Guangzhou \n- Lhasa \n- Shanghai \n- Urumqi", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_62", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "6", "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2 1m Which proposition concerning Beijing is wrong? Write the number of the \nWRONG proposition on your answer sheet. \n1. The hot, humid, summers are due to the East Asian monsoon and \nthe cold, windy, dry winters reflect the influence of the vast \nSiberian anticyclone. \n2. The surrounding hills and low wind speeds restrict venting of \npollution, which build up over several days until dispersed by \nwind or removed by rain. \n3. Erosion of deserts in southern and southwestern China results in \nseasonal dust storms that plague the city. \n4. Hong Kong has similar weather conditions in summer and so is an \nideal place to serve as a pre-olympic base for overseas sports \nteams to acclimatize themselves.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_63", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "6", "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "3 2m Photographs 1 and 2 in source 3 were taken in the vicinity of two cities. \nWrite the figures 1 and 2 of the photographs on your answer sheet and put \nthe right city from the list below beside each figure. \n- Beijing \n- Guangzhou \n- Lhasa \n- Shanghai \n- Urumqi \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11 \n \nSee source 4.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_64", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "6", "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "4 2m If all visitors to the Olympic Games (2.500.000) could use the new toilets \n(3 times a day) during a two-week stay, approximately how much water \nin m³ would be saved?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_65", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "6", "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games", "question_number": "5", "marks": 1.0, "question": "5 1m If only climatological conditions are considered, which city would be a \nbetter location than Beijing for a summer Olympics? \n1. Guangzhou \n2. Lhasa \n3. Shanghai \n4. Urumqi \n \n \nPlaying sport in Beijing might be difficult because of hot climate \nconditions in August and air pollution (smog). For dealing with these \nproblems there are some possible solutions.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_66", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "6", "section_title": "Climates of China and the Olympic Games", "question_number": "6", "marks": 1.0, "question": "6 1m Which solution is NOT an option for the Beijing Olympics? \n1. Reschedule some endurance events. \n2. Reduce the number of (polluting) vehicles on the streets. \n3. Produce enough solar power on top of Olympic installations to \nclose a number of power plants. \n4. Shoot canisters, containing silver iodide or dry ice, into the sky to \ncreate rain. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_71", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "7", "section_title": "Food problems", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "1 2m Describe the features of diets in the countries where the supply of \nnourishment is over 3000 kcal (kilocalories). \n \n \nSee source 2.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_72", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "7", "section_title": "Food problems", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "2 1m For what reason has the supply of nutrition from 1970 to 2001 increased \nmore, for example, in the Arab Maghreb Union than in Developed \nCountries?", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_73", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "7", "section_title": "Food problems", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "3 2m From source 2, you may understand the supply of nutrition has increased \nbecause of the Green Revolution in South Asia. Although that revolution \nhas contributed to the increase in the food harvest in this area, it has \nhelped broaden the gap between people with high and people with low \nsocio-economic status in the agricultural sector. \nExplain the reason for this broadening of the gap. \n \n \nSee source 3.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_74", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "7", "section_title": "Food problems", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "4 3m Give three reasons (besides the Green Revolution) why the production of \nfood remains at a low level in Africa.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_wrt_75", "year": 2008, "host": "Carthage, Tunisia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "7", "section_title": "Food problems", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "5 2m Concerning food production and population, describe the differences \nbetween Europe and North & Central America on the one side, and Asia, \nChina and South America on the other side.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_Assignments_WRT.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2008iGeo_MarkingScheme_WRT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II1", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "II", "section_title": "Flood", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1 Look at the table in Source 1, and calculate the recurrence interval (T) of the \npeak discharge in years 1925, 1938 and 1944. \n \n1925: .............................................................................................................. \n \n1938: .............................................................................................................. \n \n1944: .............................................................................................................. \n \n \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n \n \n 8 \nName student \nName team \n \nPlotting a semi-log graph \nOn semi-log graph paper, one axis has a log scale and the other axis has a \nlinear scale. The idea here is we use semi-log paper so that we can more easily \nsee details for small values as well as large values.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II2", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "II", "section_title": "Flood", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 2 Plot the data points on the semi-log graph paper below with \nx-axis = Recurrence interval (T) (year), and y-axis = discharge (cfs x 1000). \nThen, draw a best-fit (not point-to-point) smooth curve to fit the data points. This \nis the flood-frequency curve for the given river at the specified location. \n \n \nSemi-log graph paper for flood-frequency curve \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n \n \n 9 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II3", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "II", "section_title": "Flood", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3 With reference to the flood-frequency curve you have just constructed, answer \nthe following questions. \n \na What is the expected discharge during a ten-year flood (or flood of a ten-\nyear recurrence interval)? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nb What is the recurrence interval for a flood with a discharge of 200,000 cfs? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nTake a close look at Source 1.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II4a", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "II", "section_title": "Flood", "question_number": "4a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 4a Compare the ranks of the peak discharge (R) with the years in which they occur. \nWhat do you notice about the two sets of figures? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_II4b", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "II", "section_title": "Flood", "question_number": "4b", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 4b Give three possible reasons why the pattern you have observed may have \noccurred. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n \n \n 10 \nName student \nName team \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n \n \n 11 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III1", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "III", "section_title": "Population geography", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1 Give three characteristics of South Korea’s changing population structure. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III2", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "III", "section_title": "Population geography", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2 Describe South Korea’s transition from an ‘aging’ to a ‘super-aged’ society. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III3", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "III", "section_title": "Population geography", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3 Compare South Korea’s transition with that of the other countries for which data \nis supplied. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n \n \n 12 \nName student \nName team \n \nNowadays, economically developed countries suffer mainly from civilization \nillnesses, while economically less developed countries suffer from parasite and \ninfectious diseases.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III4a", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "III", "section_title": "Population geography", "question_number": "4a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4a Give two examples of civilization illnesses in economically developed countries: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \nGive two main causes of these diseases: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: ....................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III4b", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "III", "section_title": "Population geography", "question_number": "4b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4b Give two examples of parasite and infectious diseases in economically less \ndeveloped countries: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \nGive two main causes of these diseases: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \nGlobal epidemics, such as SARS, bird flu, swine flu etc., are more likely to \nhappen nowadays than they used to.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_III5", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "III", "section_title": "Population geography", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5 Give two reasons for this: \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n \n \n 13 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV1", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 1 Identify two photos which represent a landscape developed in arid climates? \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV2", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2 Identify two landscapes (in photos A – F) where volcanic activity has partly \ncontributed to their formation. \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV3", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 3 Circle the name of the feature that photo D represents. \n \na dyke \nb sill \nc laccolith \nd batholith", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV4", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 4 Circle the name of the feature that photo E represents. \n \na hamada \nb wadi \nc dry canyon \nd playa", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV5a", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "5a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 5a What is the specific name of the features represented in photo F? \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV5b", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "5b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5b How are these landforms created? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV6", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "6", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 6 Name two regions of the world where a landscape like that in photo A can \ndevelop. \n \nRegion 1: ......................................................................................................... \n \nRegion 2: ......................................................................................................... \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n \n \n 14 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV7", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "7", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 7 The rock on which the landscape in photo C was created is (please circle your \nanswers) … \n \na granite \nb basalt \nc andesite \nd rhyolite \n \n… and it belongs to the … \n \na sedimentary group \nb metamorphic group \nc igneous group", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_IV8", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "IV", "section_title": "Landforms", "question_number": "8", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 8 What is the specific name of the feature represented in photo B? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nBriefly explain why this feature occurs. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n \n \n 15 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI1", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "VI", "section_title": "Natural hazards", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1 Look at the photos and hints. \nName the country and the type of natural disaster that occurred. \n \nHints for … Country and type of disaster \nphoto A \nEarth’s axis shifted 8 cm; \nthe day is now 1.26 microseconds \nshorter. \n \n \nphoto B \nOver 230,000 deceased, air traffic \ncongestion. \n \n \n \nphoto C \n“Instead of cash, they sent us ash.” \n \n \n \n \nphoto D \nDuration of around 10 minutes; \nrupture of over 1300 km. \n \n \n \nphoto E \nCostliest disaster in the country left \n3 million people without electricity. \n \n \n \nphoto F \n11 missing workers; affected area \napproximately 100,000 km \n2. \n \n \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n \n \n 18 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI2", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "VI", "section_title": "Natural hazards", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2 Locate these disasters (A – F) on the map.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI3", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "VI", "section_title": "Natural hazards", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3 Which of the natural disasters listed in question 1 on average causes the most \nhuman casualties? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nGive four reasons. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n4: .................................................................................................................... \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n \n \n 19 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_VI4", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "VI", "section_title": "Natural hazards", "question_number": "4", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6m 4 Choose two different types of disaster you have identified. For each one , name \ntwo effects on the local population, environment and economy. \n \nEffects on local ... Disaster \npopulation environment economy \n1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n2 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nmarks", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I1", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1 On the list below circle three targets of the MDGs that are targeted by this \nproject. \n− A global partnership for development \n− Achieve universal primary education \n− Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases \n− Ensure environmental sustainability \n− Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger \n− Improve maternal health \n− Promote gender equality and empower women", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I2", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2 Why give women in Burkina Faso the opportunity to receive a micro-loan? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I3", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3 Give four activities for which women might use micro-loans. \n \n1:..................................................................................................................... \n \n2:..................................................................................................................... \n \n3:..................................................................................................................... \n \n4:.....................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I4", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4 Circle three countries where the use of micro-loans could be a way to achieve \nthe Millennium Development Goals. \n \nBangladesh Kuwait \nCanada Nicaragua \nGermany Sudan \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n \n \n 6 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_I5", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "I", "section_title": "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 5 Which three countries from the table above have a lot of migrant workers? \nGive a specific reason for each of the chosen countries. \n \nCountry 1 and reason: ..................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nCountry 2 and reason: ..................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nCountry 3 and reason: ..................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n \n \n 7 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V1", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "V", "section_title": "Agriculture and environment", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1 Describe briefly the main characteristics of the structure of Indian agriculture. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V2", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "V", "section_title": "Agriculture and environment", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2 Construct a vicious circle about the causes and consequences of the structure of \nIndian agriculture. Make sure your circle consists of at least five components. \nStart your vicious circle with Poverty. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n \n \n 16 \nName student \nName team \n \nAgain take a close look at the two photos in Source 1.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V3", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "V", "section_title": "Agriculture and environment", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 3 What problems might the farmers in the photos have when they try to irrigate \ntheir land? \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \nThe satellite image in Source 2a is taken at the border of Haiti and the \nDominican Republic, countries that share the island of Hispaniola in the Greater \nAntilles. Though the two countries had quite similar natural environments when \nthe Spaniards arrived in these territories in the 16 \nth century, Haiti (roughly the \nleft part of the image) has changed this environment quite drastically in the last \ndecades. \n \nUsing the information provided by the Sources 2a, 2b and 2c, answer the \nfollowing questions.", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V4", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "V", "section_title": "Agriculture and environment", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 4 Identify the main environmental problem Haiti is facing in this area. \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V5", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "V", "section_title": "Agriculture and environment", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5 Explain the causes of this environmental problem. \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................... \n \n.......................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_wrt_V6", "year": 2010, "host": "Taipei, Taiwan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "V", "section_title": "Agriculture and environment", "question_number": "6", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 6 The impact of this environmental problem on the people of Haiti is immense, but \nit also has an impact on the physical environment. \nName three different physical impacts arising from this environmental \nproblem. \n \n1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n3: .................................................................................................................... \n \n \nmarks \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n \n \n 17 \nName student \nName team", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_question.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2010iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A1", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A2", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A3", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A4", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A5", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities", "question_number": "5", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A6", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities", "question_number": "6", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_A7", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Urbanisation and Megacities", "question_number": "7", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B1", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B2", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B3", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B4", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_B5", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Impacts of Coastal Development", "question_number": "5", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C1", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C2", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C3", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C4", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_C5", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Climate and Climate Change", "question_number": "5", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_D1", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_D2", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_D3", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E1", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E2", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E3", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E4", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E5", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "5", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_E6", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "6", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F1", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Agriculture", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F2", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Agriculture", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F3", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Agriculture", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2012_wrt_F4", "year": 2012, "host": "Cologne, Germany", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Agriculture", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": null, "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2012WRT_QandA.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2012WRT_markingscheme.pdf", "extraction": "structure_from_marking_overview"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A1", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1. Study the Diercke International Atlas (later on referred to as the Atlas) pages 196–197 map 1 \n“Tourism”. \nIdentify the 3 main areas of the world where tourism is important because of the relative \nnumber of visitors to the number of inhabitants according to the map key. \nSuggest reasons why these areas attract so many tourists. \n \nArea 1: ........ ....... ......... ........... ...... ....... Reasons: ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nArea 2 : ................................................ Reasons: ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nArea 3 : ................................................ Reasons: ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A2", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 2. Study the Atlas pages 56 –57 maps “Europe – Tourism”, especially map 3 “Albir and \nBenidorm – Different types of tourism”. \nCompare and contrast the tourist resorts of Albir and Benidorm. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A3", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3. Describe the goals of ecotourism. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_A4", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Tourism and Conservation", "question_number": "4", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 4. To what extent are protected areas (e.g. national parks) effective in the conservation of \nnatural environments? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B1", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1. Study Resource Booklet Sources B1–B3 pictures of the volcanoes. \nIn the table below n ame the types of volcano in the 3 photographs and in a few words \ndescribe the tectonic conditions under which each volcano was formed , using the A tlas \npages 174–175 map 1 “Plate tectonics, volcanism and earthquakes”. \n \n Haleakalā Merapi Surtsey \nVolcano \ntype \n \nTectonic \nconditions", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B2", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Explain the difference in shape between the volcanoes of Haleakalā and Merapi. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B3", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3. Which of the 3 volcanoes in the pictures will probably pose the biggest threat to people and \nthe environment in the near future? Give reasons for your choice. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B4", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Source B4 picture of the volcano. \nDescribe the different phases of volcanic activity of the area in the photograph. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B5", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5. Outline 2 ways in which scientists try to forecast volcanic eruptions. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_B6", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Volcanoes and Tectonic Activity", "question_number": "6", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 6. Explain why some people live on the slopes of active volcanoes. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_C1", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Managing Urban Areas", "question_number": "1", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 1. Study the cartoon which makes a comment on the process of urban sprawl. \nExplain the causes and the consequences of urban sprawl. \n \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_C2", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Managing Urban Areas", "question_number": "2", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6m 2. Outline the effects of urban structure upon microclimate in the urban area. \n \nTemperature Wind Humidity", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_C3", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Managing Urban Areas", "question_number": "3", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 3. Identify and discuss 2 ways in which management practices could make urban areas more \nsustainable. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D1", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "World Energy Production", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Source D1 the map showing world distribution of electricity \nproduced from gas. \nDescribe the pattern of global electricity production from gas as shown on the map. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D2", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "World Energy Production", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Why do shale rocks often contain gas deposits? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D3", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "World Energy Production", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Study the textbox below on ‘A New Resource’. \nWhy is the extraction of shale gas by fracking more difficult than conventional gas extraction? \n \nA New Resource \n \nThe use of new technology has revealed that there are large reserves of natural gas in \nshale rocks. In the United States shale gas has become an increasingly important source \nof natural gas since the start of this century, and interest has spread to potential gas \nshales in the rest of the world. In 2000 shale gas provided only 1% of the natural gas \nproduction in the United States; by 2010 it was over 20%. \n \nThe conventional gas resources are much easier to extract compared to shale gas. The \nuse of a new technique, called fracking, has increased the possibilities of shale gas \nexploitation. With the use of explosives, cracks are made in the shale at depths of up to 3 \nor 4 kilometres. Afterwards water, sand and chemicals are pumped into the boreholes. The \nsand fills the cracks and keeps them open. After the water is pumped away, gas will flow \nout of the shales. From one borehole gas can be extracted from the nearby shales. But the \nboreholes eventually have to be relocated to another area. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D4", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "World Energy Production", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Source D2 the block diagram showing the fracking process. \nGive 2 possible impacts on the environment of increasing shale gas extraction. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D5", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "World Energy Production", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5. Give 2 reasons why countries in South America, such as Venezuela and Brazil, might not \nhave the exploitation of shale gas as a high priority. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D6", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "World Energy Production", "question_number": "6", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 6. Give 2 reasons why some Western European countries are particularly interested in shale \ngas exploitation in addition to conventional energy production. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_D7", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "World Energy Production", "question_number": "7", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 7. Discuss ways in which governments can reduce the amount of en ergy use d in their \ncountries. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E1", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1. Study the Atlas pages 176–177 map 4 “World climates – Effective classification according to \nA. Siegmund and P. Frankenberg”. \nGive 3 reasons for climatic differences between Juba (southern Sudan, now known as South \nSudan) and Cuzco (Peru). \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E2", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. Study the Atlas pages 178–179 Map “The world – Ecozones/vegetation”. \nExplain how the different ecozones/vegetation types surrounding Juba and Cuzco are \ninfluenced by the climate. \n \nJuba: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nCuzco: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E3", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Study Resource Booklet Source E1 graph showing climate aspects of southern Sudan. \nThe rise in average air temperature could be used to support the argument for global \nwarming. \nSuggest 2 reasons why people might oppose this view, using the graph. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E4", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Source E1 graph showing climate aspects of southern Sudan. \nThe decrease in evapotranspiration is greater than in rainfall. \nWhy in very warm regions can increasing air temperatures reduce evapotranspiration? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E5", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 5. Predict the consequences for local farmers as a result of this climate change in southern \nSudan. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_E6", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Climate Change in Sudan", "question_number": "6", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 6. Study Resource Booklet Source E2 the climate change maps of Sudan. \nUsing the black-and-white maps below: \na) Sketch on Map A – your prediction for the location of the 500 mm rainfall isohyet for \nthe period 2010–2039 if the trends continue. \nb) Sketch on Map B – your prediction for the location of the 30°C isotherm for the period \n2010–2039 if the trends continue. \nBase your answer on prior knowledge and the Atlas pages 162 –163 “Northern Africa – \nPhysical map”. \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F1", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "World Development", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Sources F1 and F2 graphs. \nCompare the relationships between the indicators of development shown in the 2 graphs. \n \nGraph 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nGraph 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F2", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "World Development", "question_number": "2", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 2. Complete the table below to make a ranking of development based on t he 6 different indices \nfor the 16 selected countries. Each of the indices has been ranked using the 5 divisions of \nthe key shown below the maps. The rankings for Life expectancy, Infant mortality, Food \nsupply, Availability of drinking water and Gender -related illiteracy have been completed for \nyou. \na) Complete the ranking for Literacy using the key t o the A tlas page 193 map 4 \n“Literacy”. \nb) Sum the ranks for each country. \nc) Using the sum of rankings column create 4 categories of development and use this to \ncomplete the map to show the variation in stages of development of the 16 countries. \n \n \nLife expectancy \nInfant mortality \nFood supply \nAvailability of \ndrinking water \nLiteracy \nGender-related \nilliteracy \nSum of rankings \nCategories of \ndevelopment \n(map key) \nArgentina 4 3 5 5 2 \nBolivia 3 2 3 3 1 \nBrazil 4 3 4 3 3 \nCanada 5 4 5 5 3 \nEgypt 4 3 5 4 1 \nFrance 5 4 5 5 3 \nIndia 3 2 3 3 3 \nIran 4 3 5 4 1 \nLaos 3 2 3 2 1 \nMali 2 1 2 1 1 \nNepal 3 2 3 3 1 \nNorway 4 4 5 5 2 \nUganda 1 2 2 4 1 \nUkraine 3 3 5 5 3 \nSouth Africa 2 2 5 3 1 \nSpain 5 4 5 5 3 \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21 \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 22 =====\n22", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F3", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "World Development", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 3. Complete the table below by suggesting a reason for how each of the following factors: \na) Dependency and a colonial past and \nb) World trade and globalisation \nhas contributed to those countries with the highest levels of development and those with the \nlowest levels of development. \n \n Dependency and colonial past World trade and globalisation \nCountries \nwith \nthe \nhighest \nlevels \nof \ndevelopment \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCountries \nwith \nthe \nlowest \nlevels \nof \ndevelopment", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_wrt_F4", "year": 2013, "host": "Kyoto, Japan", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "World Development", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 4. Discuss the causes and the consequences of development gaps within countries. \nIllustrate your answer with examples. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nend ", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_QuestionAndAnswerBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2013iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_A1", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geology and Coastal Landforms", "question_number": "1", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: The rock cycle (rock formation). \nFill in the table: \na) Describe the processes occurring at stages A, B and C of the rock cycle; \nb) Name the rock type formed at each stage and give an example. \n \nStage Process Rock type \nand example \nA \nRock type: \n \n \nExample: \n \n \n \nB \nRock type: \n \n \nExample: \n \n \n \nC \nRock type: \n \n \nExample:", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_A2", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geology and Coastal Landforms", "question_number": "2", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure A2: A rocky coast. \nChoose 2 features of the coastline and explain in detail how natural processes are shaping \nthem. \n \nFeature 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural processes: .................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6 \nFeature 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural processes: .................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure A2"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_A3", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geology and Coastal Landforms", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 3. Draw an annotated diagram or set of diagrams to show how a delta is formed. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B1", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Forest Resources", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Explain how people can benefit from forests (other than wood as a raw material). \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B2", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Forest Resources", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figures B1: Three types of forest. \nFill in the table: \na) Name the types of forest; \nb) Match each type of forest to the climate graph (A, B and C). \n \n \n \nType of \nforest \n \nClimate \ngraph \n \n \n \nClimate graphs of 3 locations \nsource: http://www.klimadiagramme.de \n \n \nStudent number: \nA B C \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B3", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Forest Resources", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2: Global forest ecosystem change, 2005. \nName the 2 main types of forest in which there is a net loss. \n \nType 1: ..................................................................................................................... \n \nType 2: .....................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure B2"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B4", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Forest Resources", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 4. Give 3 reasons for the loss of forest worldwide. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_B5", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Forest Resources", "question_number": "5", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 5. Study Table B1 below: World forest cover in 2010 by geographical regions (source: FAO, \n2013). \n \nGeographical region % of \nworld \nforests \nForest structure (%) \nnatural naturally \nregenerated \nplanted \nAfrica 16.7 9.6 87.4 3 \nLatin America 23.7 73.1 24.9 2 \nAngloamerica 15.2 39.2 55.2 5.6 \nAsia 14.7 18.6 60.7 20.7 \nEurope (with Russian Federation) 24.9 26.2 66.9 6.9 \nAustralia and Oceania 4.7 18.6 79.3 2.1 \nWORLD 100.0 35.7 57.3 6.9 \n \na) Which geographical region has the largest percentage of forest that ha s been \nreforested? \nOutline 2 reasons for your choice. \n \nRegion: ..................................................................................................................... \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nb) Which geographical region has the smallest percentage of forest that has been \nreforested? \nOutline 2 reasons for your choice. \n \nRegion: ..................................................................................................................... \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ..................................................................................…", "resource_refs": ["Table B1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C1", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Ecological footprint by component, 1961–2007. \nIn which year was world biocapacity exceeded? \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C2", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Outline the trends of the global ecological footprint as shown in Figure C1. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C3", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: Composition of low, middle and  high  income  countries’  \necological footprint per capita, 1961–2007. \nIdentify which of the graphs A, B or C represents high income countries. \nJustify your choice with 2 reasons. \n \nHigh income countries are represented by graph: ........................................................ \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C4", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 4. Explain how the economic recession that started in 2007 could have affected the ecological \nfootprint of the 3 different income economies. \n \nLow income countries: ............................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMiddle income countries: ........................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \nHigh income countries: .............................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C5", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "5", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 5. Study Table C1 below: Ecological footprint and biocapacity, 2007 (source: National Footprint \nAccounts 2010 edition). \n \nFill in the blank highlighted spaces in Table C1. \n \n \n \nCountries \nPopulation \n(million) \nEcological footprint \n(global hectares \nper capita) \nBiocapacity \n(global hectares \nper capita) \nEcological deficit or \nreserve \nSouth Africa 49.173 2.3 1.1 -1.2 \nTunisia 10.069 1.9 1 -0.9 \nZambia 12.314 0.9 2.3 1.3 \nChina 1,336.551 2.2 1 -1.2 \nIndia 1,164.67 0.9 0.5 -0.4 \nJapan 127.396 4.7 0.6 -4.1 \nMongolia 2.611 5.5 15.1 \nSaudi Arabia 24.68 5.1 0.8 -4.3 \nUnited Arab Emirates 6.248 10.7 0.8 \nGermany 82.343 5.1 1.9 -3.2 \nNetherlands 16.46 6.2 1 -5.2 \nRussian Federation 141.941 4.4 5.7 1.3 \nUnited Kingdom 61.129 4.9 1.3 -3.6 \nArgentina 39.49 2.6 7.5 4.9 \nBrazil 190.12 2.9 9 \nMexico 107.487 3 1.5 -1.5 \nUnited States of America 308.674 8 3.9 -4.1 \nAustralia 20.854 6.8 14.7 7.9 \nNew Zealand 4.193 4.9 10.8 5.9 \nWORLD 6,671.557 2.7 1.8 -0.9", "resource_refs": ["Table C1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C6", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "6", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 6. How  many  planet  Earths  would  be  needed  if  the  world’s  ecological footprint was the same as \nthat of South Africa, based on Table C1? \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": ["Table C1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C7", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "7", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 7. Comment on the differences between the ecological deficits or reserves of countries in: \na) Africa and \nb) Oceania (Australasia), \nbased on Table C1. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Table C1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_C8", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Global Ecological Footprint", "question_number": "8", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 8. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: Number of planets scenarios, 2007. \nSuggest some of the ways in which \na) individuals, \nb) industries and businesses \ncould reduce the ecological footprint overshoot and achieve the rapid reduction scenario? \n \nIndividuals: ............................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndustries and businesses: ......................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": ["Figure C3"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D1", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1. Suggest how global warming could affect food supplies in Africa. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n.......................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D2", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. Suggest how global warming might affect the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the \nsouthern Pacific. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n.......................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D3", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: The height of land above sea level in Bangladesh. \nHow high would sea level have to rise to flood Dhaka? \nMark the correct box. \n \n < 2 m \n 2–5 m \n > 5 m \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D4", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Solar-powered floating boat school in Bangladesh. \nExplain how the climate and physical environment of Bangladesh mean that this type of \nschool may become more common. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_D5", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Impacts of Global Warming", "question_number": "5", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 5. Give 2 different circumstances (other than flooding) in which people might become \n‘environmental  refugees’.  For  each,  explain  how  different  impacts  lead  to  people  losing  their  \nhomes. \n \nCircumstance 1: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nCircumstance 2: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E1", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population and Health", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: Life expectancy in high and low income countries, 2004–\n2012. \nSuggest 3 reasons for the differences in life expectancy between high and low income \ncountries. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E2", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population and Health", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure E2: Cancer incidence in Asia, 2008. \nDescribe 3 significant differences in cancer incidence between South-Eastern Asia and \nEastern Asia. \n \nDifference 1: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nDifference 2: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nDifference 3: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18", "resource_refs": ["Figure E2"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E3", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population and Health", "question_number": "3", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3: Malaria incidence, 2000–2012. \nDescribe and explain the pattern and trend of malaria incidence. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure E3"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_E4", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population and Health", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 4. Explain briefly 4 possible measures to reduce the spread of infectious diseases as global \ntourism and travel increase. \n \nMeasure 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasure 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasure 3: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasure 4: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F1", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 1. What is globalisation? \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F2", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. Give 3 factors that have influenced the process of globalisation. \n \nFactor 1: ................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFactor 2: ................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFactor 3: ................................................................................................................... \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F3", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 3. Study Table F1 below: Examples of adaptations by Transnational Corporations (TNCs). \n \nEntertainment industry Food industry \nx Mickey Mouse is dressed in traditional \nJapanese clothes in the Disney theme \npark located there. \nx MTV has created a range of music \nInternet stations for different countries \nall over the world. \nx Unilever has designed a range of Wall’s  \nice creams for Indonesia that uses more \ncoconut. \nx McDonald’s  opened  a  100%  vegetarian  \nrestaurant in Amritsar, India, home of a \nsacred Sikh temple. \n \nExplain, giving 2 reasons why transnational corporations (TNCs) adapt their products for \ndifferent markets. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20", "resource_refs": ["Table F1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F4", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure  F1:  Distribution  of  the  McDonald’s  Restaurants,  1940–2007. \nDescribe and  suggest  reasons  for  the  global  spread  of  McDonald’s  Restaurants  since  1940. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure  F1"], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_wrt_F5", "year": 2014, "host": "Kraków, Poland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations (TNCs)", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 5. Describe and explain why some groups of people gain from the growth of TNCs in the host \ncountries while others lose out. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n....................................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................................... \n \n....................................................................................................................................... \n \nend „", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2014iGeo_WRT_MarkingScheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A1", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Weathering", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Explain how erosion is different from weathering. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A2", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Weathering", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Types of weathering. \nFor both photographs a and b, identify the type of weathering shown and explain the \nprocesses that lead to such an outcome. \n \nPhotograph a – type of weathering : ................................ ................................ ............ \n \nProcesses: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nPhotograph b – type of weathering : ................................ ................................ ............ \n \nProcesses: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A3", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Weathering", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Account for 2 ways in which biological weathering can occur. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A4", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Weathering", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 4. Study Peltier’s weathering diagram below. \nDetermine (circle the right answer) whether the role of chemical weathering will increase if: \na) Air temperature decreases and precipitation decreases, \nb) Air temperature decreases and precipitation increases, \nc) Air temperature increases and precipitation decreases, \nd) Air temperature increases and precipitation increases. \n \n \n \nPeltier’s weathering diagram : weathering regions of the world in relation to mean annual \ntemperature and rainfall, after Peltier (1950) \n(http://www.slideshare.net/maliadamit/rock-and-weathering-booklet). \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A5", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Weathering", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 5. Study climate graphs a and b below. \na) Match climate graphs a and b with the right city from the list below: \n● Cape Town (South Africa), \n● Casablanca (Morocco), \n● Kingston (Jamaica), \n● Kolkata (India), \n● Lima (Peru), \n● Reykjavík (Iceland). \nb) Use Peltier’s weathering diagram above to identify the dominant type of weathering in \nthese cities. \nWrite your answers in the table below. \n \n \nClimate graphs \n(http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/WhatisClimatology/ClimographsforSelectedInternationalCities.aspx). \n \nClimate \ngraph \nCity Dominant type of weathering \na \nb", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_A6", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Weathering", "question_number": "6", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 6. What other factors can affect the rate of weathering apart from climate? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \na b \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for additional space for your notes or clearly marked answers if you wish). \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B1", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tropical Storms", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study the diagram below: Cross-section of a tropical storm. \nLabel the diagram below using letters (A–F) for the following phrases: \nA – Warm, moist air drawn into the area of low pressure, \nB – Central eye where there is no cloud, \nC – Water vapour evaporated from the warm sea surface, \nD – Spiralling winds around the low pressure, \nE – Descending dry air drawn into the centre of the system, \nF – Bands of rain and thick cloud. \n \n \nCross-section of a tropical storm \n(Miller, T. (ed.) 2009: Geography Teacher Guide. Heinemann).", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B2", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tropical Storms", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Path of Cyclone Hudhud. \nDescribe the movement of C yclone Hudhud and its changes in magnitude between 9 th \nand 13th October 2014. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B3", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tropical Storms", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Path of Cyclone Hudhud. \nGive a reason for the changes in the magnitude of Cyclone Hudhud. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B4", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tropical Storms", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. List the features of the weather you could measure at a weather station during the \npassage of a tropical cyclone. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B5", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tropical Storms", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 5. Account for the global distribution of tropical cyclones/hurricanes. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B6", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tropical Storms", "question_number": "6", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 6. Study the diagram below: Classification of mass movements. \nFill in the boxes in the diagram below using the following words: ‘dry’, ‘fast’, ‘slow’ and ‘wet’. \n \n \n \nClassification of mass movements \n(http://wmc.landfood.ubc.ca/webapp/media/IWM/watershed-science/sediment-cycles/Flow%20Diagram.png).", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_B7", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tropical Storms", "question_number": "7", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 7. Explain how mud flows , earth flows and rotational slides (see Classification of mass \nmovements diagram above) can be possible consequences of tropical storms. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for additional space for your notes or clearly marked answers if you wish). \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C1", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: A photograph of an area of Iceland and Figure C2: A \nlarge-scale map of an area of Iceland. \na) Mark with an X the position where the photographer was standing on the marked trail on \nthe black-and-white map below. \nb) Draw an arrow to show the direction in which the photograph was taken on the black-\nand-white map below. \n \n \nFigure C2: A large-scale map of an area of Iceland \n(Skaftafell). \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1", "Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C2", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: A large-scale map of an area of Iceland. \nDescribe the distribution of the ice masses. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C3", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: A large-scale map of an area of Iceland. \nWhich sketch cross-section below – a, b, c or d – best represents the shape of the land \nbetween points A and B? \n \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \na b \nc d \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C4", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: A small-scale map of an area of Iceland. \nDraw a rectangle to represent the area shown by the large-scale map (Figure C2) on the \nblack-and-white map below. \n \n \nFigure C3: A small -scale map of an area of Iceland \n(Mál og menning). \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2", "Figure C3"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C5", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5. Outline the ways in which photographs (e.g. Figure C1) and maps (e.g. Figures C2 and C3) \ncan contribute to describing the characteristics of an area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C6", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments", "question_number": "6", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 6. Explain how climatic conditions lead to the formation of ice masses. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_C7", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Mapping Skills and Cold Environments", "question_number": "7", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 7. Using your own knowledge, outline 2 ways in which cold environments can be used for short \nterm gains. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D1", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Water Conflicts", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study the diagram below: A simplified diagram of the water cycle. \nOutline 2 ways in which human interference in the water cycle can affect the availability of \nwater. \n \n \nA simplified diagram of the water cycle \n(ygraph.com). \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D2", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Water Conflicts", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2. Study the table below: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nComplete the percentages in column 6 (Share of water withdrawn from Nile (%)). \n \nStatistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin \n(Aquastats: FAO). \n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \nCountry \nPrecipitation \n(mm) \nPopulation \n(millions) \nUrban \npopulation (%, \n2014) \nTotal water \nwithdrawn \nfrom Nile \n(million m3) \nShare of water \nwithdrawn \nfrom Nile \n(%) \nWithdrawal by use \n(%) \n \n \n2010 \n2025 \n(predicted) \n \n \n \nAgriculture \nDomestic \nIndustry \nSudan 250 33 58.4 34 26,935 97 2.6 0.4 \nEthiopia 848 83 126.9 19 5,550 93.6 6 0.4 \nEgypt 51 78.7 97.3 43 68,000 62.8 86 8 6 \nUganda 162 31.7 48.1 16 637 40 44.7 15 \nBurundi 1,274 7.1 10.1 12.1 288 0.3 77 17 0.6 \nRwanda 1,212 8.1 15.8 18.9 150 0.1 68 24 8 \nTanzania 1,071 52.3 70.9 26.4 5,184 89.4 10.2 0.5 \nEritrea 384 4.3 8.7 20 582 0.5 94.5 5.3 0.2 \nCongo \n(DRC) \n1,210 62.2 81.4 41 356 0.3 31.5 52.2 16.3 \nSouth \nSudan \n120 9.9 16.5 17 658 0.6 94.7 5 0.3 \nTotal 108,304", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D3", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Water Conflicts", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Study the table above: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nDraw a diagram in the space below, using the figures from column 6 to show how the water \nwithdrawn from the Nile is shared between countries. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D4", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Water Conflicts", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: A physical and political map of the Nile Basin and the \ntable above: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nUsing them and your own knowledge, give 2 reasons why the physical geography of this \narea puts water supply at risk in this region. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D5", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Water Conflicts", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: A physical and political map of the Nile Basin and the \ntable above: Statistics of the 10 countries of the Nile Basin. \nUsing them and your own knowledge, discuss the threats to water security arising from the \nhuman geography of the area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_D6", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Water Conflicts", "question_number": "6", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Figure D3: Solar \npanels provide electricity for villages in Egypt with no access to centralised power. They \nprovide sustainable solutions for the supply of water, for example from groundwater sources. \nEvaluate the effects of projects such as: \na) The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and \nb) solar powered water pumps \non the future provision of water for Sudan and Egypt. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2", "Figure D3"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E1", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Living in Slums", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: Satellite image of Petare slum in Caracas, Venezuela, \n2010. \nCompare the features of land use of the Petare slum area with its surrounding area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E2", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Living in Slums", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure E2: Map showing urban land use in Madras (Chennai), India. \nExplain why slum settlements are located at each of the sites A, B and C (marked on the \nmap) within Madras (Chennai). \n \nSite A: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nSite B: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nSite C: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20", "resource_refs": ["Figure E2"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E3", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Living in Slums", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3: Socio -economic structure of the slum population in \nMadras (Chennai), India, 2006. \nIdentify 2 different obstacles to achieving a higher standard of living faced by slum \ndwellers in Chennai, India. For each obstacle, outline why it is a problem. \n \nObstacle 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nObstacle 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure E3"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_E4", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Living in Slums", "question_number": "4", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 4. The Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board aims to clear all the slums in Chennai and provide \nself-contained hygienic housing for slum dwellers. Discuss the advantages and \ndisadvantages of this approach. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F1", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity", "question_number": "1", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: Traditional houses around the world (a–d). \nThese traditional houses are characteristic of which numbered locations (■) marked on \nthe world map below? \nWrite your answers in the table below. \n \n \nWorld map with numbered locations (■). \n \nTraditional house Location number \na \nb \nc \nd", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F2", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Identify 4 factors that influence different types of traditional houses in particular locations \naround the world. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 22 =====\n22", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F3", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Map of South America’s indigenous languages. \nCompare the distribution of the native languages in Brazil and in Peru. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F4", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Map of South America’s indigenous languages. \nSuggest reasons for the different distributions. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F5", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5. Suggest 2 ways in which a local community can preserve its indigenous language(s) and \nits cultural heritage. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_wrt_F6", "year": 2015, "host": "Tver, Russia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Geography and Cultural Diversity", "question_number": "6", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 6. Discuss the ways in which globalisation negatively influences the environments and \ncultures of traditional societies around the world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nend ", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_QuestionBooklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2015iGeo_WRT_Marking.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A1", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: A photograph taken on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji. \nWhich of the locations A–F was most recently affected by a landslide? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A2", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2. Study the figure below: The climatic data of Pacific Harbour, a city on the island of Viti Levu, \nFiji. \nWhich 4 months have the highest risk of landslides? \n \n \nThe climatic data of Pacific Harbour, a city on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji \n(http://en.climate‐data.org/location/775064). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A3", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3. Identify 6 natural triggers that can cause landslides. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n5: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n6: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n \nJ F M A M J J A S O N D\nRainfall (mm) 307 280 347 321 219 144 133 129 158 188 224 223\nTemperature (°C) 26,5 26,7 26,3 25,5 24,4 23,7 22,8 22,8 23,4 24,3 25,1 25,9\n0\n50\n100\n150\n200\n250\n300\n350\n400\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\n26\n27\nRainfall (mm) \nTemperature (°C) \nPacific Harbour, island of Viti Levu, Fiji \n \nAltitude: 6 m Climate: Af °C: 24.8 mm: 2673 \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A4", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 4. Identify 6 human activities that can cause landslides. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n5: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n6: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A5", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 5. Give 3 ways in which a landslide can cause damage to the environment and to people. \n \nDamage 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nDamage 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nDamage 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_A6", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "6", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 6. Outline 2 measures that can reduce the possibility of landslides occurring. \n \nMeasure 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B1", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tsunamis", "question_number": "1", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 1. Draw an annotated diagram(s) to show how a tsunami can be caused by an earthquake. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B2", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tsunamis", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Study the figure below: Tsunami travel time contours with 30 minutes interval. \na) Provide the coordinates of the point A. \nb) If the tsunami occurred at 06:57 GMT at the location marked by the point A, what time \nwould it reach point B on the map? \n \n \nTsunami travel time contours with 30 minutes interval \n(http://www.incois.gov.in/DSSProducts/Product_RTWP/Web/images/02_dss120110183700_travel_time_A.jpg). \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \nb) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B3", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tsunamis", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Study the figure below: The relationship between the area of coastal vegetation and human \ndeath toll in various districts in Tamil Nadu, India in the wake of the Boxing Day Tsunami of \n2004. \nDescribe the relationship between the area of coastal vegetation and human death toll. \n \n \nThe relationship between the area of coastal vegetation and human death toll in various \ndistricts in Tamil Nadu, India in the wake of the Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 \n(Kathiresan, K. and N. Rajendran 2005: Coastal mangrove forests mitigated tsunami. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 65 \n(3): 601–606, figure 2, p. 604, doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.06.022). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["figure 2"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B4", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tsunamis", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 4. Explain 2 ways in which the establishment or maintenance of coastal vegetation can aid in \ntsunami hazard management. \n \nWay 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nWay 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_B5", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tsunamis", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 5. In 2004 the Boxing Day Tsunami waves brought illegally dumped radioactive nuclear waste \nonto Somalia’s coast. \nExplain its effect for Somalia’s economy. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C1", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Height contour map of the region around Phewa Lake. \nEstimate the height of the surface of the lake. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C2", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Height contour map of the region around Phewa Lake. \nEstimate the length of the perimeter of Phewa Lake. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C3", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures C1 : Height contour map of the region around Phewa Lake \nand \nC2: A land use map of the Phewa Lake Catchment Area. \nDraw a labelled profile of the transect A–B using both maps. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C4", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: Change in Phewa Lake area between 1988 and 2012. \nDescribe the changes in the area of Phewa Lake between 1988 and 2012. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C3"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C5", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: A land use map of the Phewa Lake Catchment Area. \nExplain how the land use surrounding Phewa Lake can affect the lake in 2 ways. \n \nWay 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nWay 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_C6", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Phewa Lake in Nepal", "question_number": "6", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 6. Evaluate the impact of recreational development on Phewa Lake area. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D1", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wind Speed", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.5, "question": "1.5m 1. Study the figure below: The sailing ships route. \nDescribe where and explain why sailing ships experienced the highest (wind) speeds? \n \n \nThe sailing ships route \n(original: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/ClipperRoute.png, \ncartographic base: http://www.vectorworldmap.com/vectormaps/vector -world -map-v2.2-blank.jpg ). \n \nArea: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \nReason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D2", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wind Speed", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. From the figure: The sailing ships route (map above), \ndescribe where and explain why they experienced decreased (wind) speeds? \n \nArea 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \nReason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nArea 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \nReason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D3", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wind Speed", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Study the figure below: The approximate plane flight routes. \na) Explain why route A is usually used when flying from America to Asia. \nb) Explain why route B is usually used when flying from Asia to America. \n \n \nThe approximate plane flight routes \n(original: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…#/media/File:…_…_routes.svg, \ncartographic base: \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map_Pacific_Ocean#/media/File:Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg). \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nb) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D4", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wind Speed", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.5, "question": "2.5m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1: Wind speed and wind turbine power output. \na) What is the minimum wind speed necessary for a wind turbine to produce electricity? \nb) Specify in which wind conditions a wind turbine can produce the greatest power output. \nc) Why is no electricity produced at very high wind speeds? \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \nb) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nc) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D5", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wind Speed", "question_number": "5", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Distribution of annual mean wind speed at 80 m above \nground level. \nExplain why the mean wind speed in the area indicated on the map by arrow A is significantly \nhigher than in the surrounding regions. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D6", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wind Speed", "question_number": "6", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figures D2: Distribution of annual mean wind speed at 80 m above \nground level and \nD3: A photo of a wind farm. \nThe area indicated on the map by arrow B has one of the highest mean wind speed in Africa. \nGive 3 reasons why the area is not used for the location of wind farms. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_D7", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wind Speed", "question_number": "7", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 7. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2: Distribution of annual mean wind speed at 80 m above \nground level. \nExplain why Greenland, which is not known for hurricanes, hosts some of the strongest \nwinds on the planet, called tip jets. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E1", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study the figure below: World population 1750–2050. \nGive 2 reasons why total world population growth accelerated significantly after 1950. \n \n \nWorld population 1750–2050 \n(Population Reference Bureau, 2011). \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E2", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 2. Suggest 4 measures which a fast growing population / country should include in its Family \nPlanning Policy in order to control its population growth in the future. \n \nMeasure 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nMeasure 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E3", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. One of the most dominant contemporary demographic processes in developed countries is \nthat of an ageing population. \nOutline 2 positive implications of this process. \n \nImplication 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImplication 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E4", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges", "question_number": "4", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 4. Study Resource Booklet Table E1: Age and sex structure in United Arab Emirates (UAE) \n(2014). \nDraw United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) population pyramid showing the share (%) of the \npopulation.", "resource_refs": ["Table E1"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_E5", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Population Trends and Challenges", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 5. Study Resource Booklet Tables E1: Age and sex structure in United Arab Emirates (UAE) \n(2014), \nE2: United Arab Emirates (UAE) selected demographic data (2000–2014) and \nyour population pyramid. \nSuggest a reason for the unbalanced age and sex structure of the United Arab Emirates \n(UAE) population, and explain the underlying cause(s) behind that. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F1", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 1. Study the figures A–C below: Urban development models. \nThe numbers and shades refer to different land uses. \nDescribe the urban development in each of the 3 models. \n \nUrban development \nmodel \nDescription of urban development \n \n \n \n \n \n \n(https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/social-sciences-practice/social-science-practice-tut/e/social-structures---passage-1).", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F2", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: A photo of Barcelona, Spain. \na) Which area/zone (1–10) in the urban development models (see previous question) does \nthis picture correspond to? \nb) What are 3 main characteristics of this area/zone? \n \na) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \nb) Characteristic 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .... \n \nCharacteristic 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ \n \nCharacteristic 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ \n \n \nStudent number: \nA \nB \nC \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F3", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Urban “fingerprints”. \nMatch the street block layouts (A, B, C and D) with the corresponding urban “fingerprints” \ngraphs (1, 2, 3 and 4). \n \n \nStreet block layout A corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \nStreet block layout B corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \nStreet block layout C corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \nStreet block layout D corresponds to \n \nfingerprint graph no.: ………………… \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nA B \nC D \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F4", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 4. Discuss how urban (spatial) structure influences energy efficiency in cities. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_wrt_F5", "year": 2016, "host": "Beijing, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Theories and Development", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 5. The “smart city” concept of future urban development is being introduced in many countries. \nElaborate how this concept can be disadvantageous for cities? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nend  \nStudent number:", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2016iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A1", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geography of Sport", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. After the 1992 Rio de Janeiro’s Earth Summit ‘a responsible concern for environmental \nissues’ was added to the Olympic Charter. \nIdentify 4 ways that sporting mega-events can promote environmental sustainability. \n \nWay 1: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nWay 2: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nWay 3: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nWay 4: ...................................................................................................................... \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A2", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geography of Sport", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Location of Olympic zones for Summer Olympics in 2016 \nin Rio de Janeiro. \nWith the help of the information provided suggest 3 challenges faced in developing the \nOlympic zones in Rio de Janeiro. \n \nChallenge 1: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nChallenge 2: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nChallenge 3: ............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A3", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geography of Sport", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Olympic Games are followed by the Paralympic Games – a major international multi -sport \nevent involving athletes with a range of disabilities. \nOutline 2 changes the Paralympic Games have brought about in society. \n \nChange 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nChange 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A4", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geography of Sport", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure A2: Time series of sport -related costs for Olympics 1960–\n2016. \nDescribe 2 main trends in the cost of hosting the Olympic Games. \n \nTrend 1: .................................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nTrend 2: .................................................................................................................... \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure A2"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_A5", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Geography of Sport", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 5. Mark with an ‘X’ on the continuum below to show how far you agree or disagree with the \nfollowing statement: \n“The positive impacts of sporting mega-events often exceed the negative impacts”. \n \nStrongly agree Strongly disagree \n \nWith the help of the information already provided justify your response. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B1", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Climate and Weather", "question_number": "1", "marks": 4.5, "question": "4.5 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table B1: The climate data for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. \nDraw a climate graph based on the data from the Table B1.", "resource_refs": ["Table B1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B2", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Climate and Weather", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.5, "question": "2.5 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Table B1: The climate data for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and \nyour climate graph for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia above. \nIdentify the wet (rainy) season and explain the main factors causing the rain in this season. \n \nWet season: .............................................................................................................. \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": ["Table B1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B3", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Climate and Weather", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Table B1: The climate data for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and \nyour climate graph for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia above. \nSuggest 3 reasons for the monthly average temperature pattern (over a year) in Addis \nAbaba, Ethiopia. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Table B1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B4", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Climate and Weather", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2: Surface pressure maps of 9–10 December 2014. \nExplain the distribution of air pressure in the Northern Atlantic and over the European \ncontinent on 9–10 December 2014. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure B2"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_B5", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Climate and Weather", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2: Surface pressure maps of 9–10 December 2014. \nBased on the observed movement of fronts, forecast the weather for 3 regions in Europe in \nthe following 24 hours (11 December 2014). \n \nRegion 1: .................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nRegion 2: .................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nRegion 3: .................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": ["Figure B2"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C1", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: The dominant road networks, shipping lanes and airline \nroutes around the world. \nDescribe the spatial pattern on a global scale of: \n \nRoad networks: ......................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nShipping lanes: ......................................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nAirline routes: ............................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C2", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: The dominant road networks, shipping lanes and airline \nroutes around the world. \nSuggest 4 reasons for the pattern of transport routes. \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 4: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C3", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: The rail network in South Africa and \nthe 2 Tables below. \nWith the help of the information provided suggest 4 reasons for the proportion of freight \n(cargo) transport modes. \n \nTable: The freight (cargo) transport in South Africa (2012). \n \nCorridor Road (Mtons) Rail (Mtons) \nPretoria / Johannesburg – Durban 46.8 6.4 \nPretoria / Johannesburg – Cape Town 34.2 1.7 \nDurban – Cape Town 9.0 < 0.1 \nDurban – East London 8.8 < 0.1 \nPretoria / Johannesburg – Port Elizabeth 5.7 0.3 \nOther corridors 79.4 27.1 \nMetropolitan areas 124.1 5.8 \nRural areas 255.0 39.0 \nTotal 563.1 80.3 \nAdapted from https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/publications/freightshift_roadtorail.pdf \n \nTable: The annual costs of road and rail freight (cargo) transport in South Africa (2014). \n \n Road (Rand, billion) Rail (Rand, billion) \nVehicle capital cost 25 2.0 \nInfrastructure capital cost 7.0 4.0 \nVehicle operating cost 422 47 \nInfrastructure operating cost 2.0 \nhttps://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/publications/freightshift_roadtorail.pdf \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 4: ................................................................................................................. \n \n .....................................................................................…", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_C4", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Transportation and its Environmental Impact", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 4. Discuss the environmental impact of building railways. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D1", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Tides", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Identify 4 factors causing and/or influencing tides. \n \nFactor 1: ................................................................................................................... \n \nFactor 2: ................................................................................................................... \n \nFactor 3: ................................................................................................................... \n \nFactor 4: ...................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D2", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Tides", "question_number": "2", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 2. Draw an annotated diagram(s) to explain how 2 very high tides occur twice during a day \n(24 hours) when there is a full moon. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D3", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Tides", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures D1– D3: Photos and satellite imagery of Mont Saint -Michel, \nFrance. \nRead the textbox below. \nWith the help of the information provided, suggest 4 reasons why massive landscape-\nchanging projects were started at Mont Saint-Michel in 2006. \n \nTextbox \nMont Saint-Michel is a famous tourist destination in France, and is world heritage listed. It is \nan island located about 1 km off the country’s north -western coast, at the mouth of the \nCouesnon River, which has been canalized. The area has a high tidal ran ge, at \napproximately 14 m between high and low water marks. Mont Saint -Michel was previously \nconnected to the mainland by a tidal causeway (a path uncovered only at low tide). This \nwas converted into a raised, permanently dry, causeway in 1879. Coastal fla ts on the \nadjacent mainland have been reclaimed (made into polders) creating pastureland in \naddition to occasional flood-induced salt marsh meadows used for grazing. \nIn 2006 a €164 million project was announced to build a hydraulic dam using the waters of \nthe Couesnon River. Another €209 million project included the removal of the causeway \nand visitor car park, replacing it with a new bridge. \nAdapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel \n \nReason 1: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 2: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 3: ................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nReason 4: ............................…", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_D4", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Tides", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D4: Artistic impression of a future tidal lagoon power plant, \nwhere an artificial lagoon is created within seawalls. \nSuggest one Strength, one Weakness, one Opportunity, and one Threat (SWOT analysis) for \nany new tidal power plants that could be constructed across the world, besides energy \nproduction. \n \nStrength: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nWeakness: \nOpportunity: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThreat: \n \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": ["Figure D4"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E1", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Soil Degradation", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 1. Describe 3 functions of soil. \n \nFunction 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFunction 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFunction 3: ................................................................................................................ \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E2", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Soil Degradation", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 2. Identify 4 natural causes of soil degradation. \n \nNatural cause 1: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural cause 2: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural cause 3: ........................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nNatural cause 4: ........................................................................................................ \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E3", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Soil Degradation", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 3. Identify 4 indicators that signify soil degradation resulting from human actions. \n \nIndicator 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndicator 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndicator 3: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nIndicator 4: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E4", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Soil Degradation", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures E1 and E2: Photos of examples of soil degradation. \nName and explain the soil degradation processes. \n \nFigure E1 process: .................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nFigure E2 process: .................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1", "Figure E2"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_E5", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Soil Degradation", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figures E1 and E2: The photos of the examples of soil degradation. \nOutline measures that could reduce the severity of both types of soil degradation. \n \nMeasures for figure E1: ............................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMeasures for figure E 2: ............................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": ["figure E1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F1", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Food Security", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: The trajectory of undernourishment in developing \nregions: actual and projected progress towards the World Food Summit (WFS) and \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. \nDescribe the progress made in achieving the World Food Summit (WFS) and the \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. \n \nWorld Food Summit (WFS) : ....................................................................................... \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG): ........................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F2", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Food Security", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: The trajectory of undernourishment in developing \nregions: actual and projected progress towards the World Food Summit (WFS) and \nMillennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. \nSuggest the main reason why there was a difference in meeting the 2 targets. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F3", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Food Security", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Nine influences on food security. \nSelect 2 of the categories in the following list (Environmental, Political, Social/Cultural and \nEconomic) and with the help of the information provided explain how factors in each category \ncontribute to the causes of food insecurity. \n \nCategory 1: ............................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nCategory 2: ............................................................................................................... \n \nExplanation: .............................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStudent number: 14 \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F4", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Food Security", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 4. Outline 2 strategies to eliminate hunger. \n \nStrategy 1: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \nStrategy 2: ................................................................................................................ \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n .................................................................................................................................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_wrt_F5", "year": 2017, "host": "Belgrade, Serbia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Food Security", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 5. Discuss why food waste is high in developed countries. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \n \n ................................................................................................................................. \nend  end  end  end ", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_QUESTION-AND-ANSWER-BOOK.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2017iGeo_WRT_MARKING-SCHEME.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A1", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Population", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Population growth, 2015. \n2 m Outline why the highest population growth is found in countries like Mali, Chad, and \nDemographic Republic of the Congo. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A2", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Population", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": "2. Study Resource Booklet Table A1: Population data – selected years. \n4 m (a) Draw a graph which shows the Age Dependency Ratio for Countries A, C, D and F. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n2 m (b) Describe the trends shown in the graph. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": ["Table A1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A3", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Population", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Table A1: Population data – selected years. \nIdentify the country which is likely to be least developed and explain why. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Table A1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A4", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Population", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Table A1: Population data – selected years. \nIdentify the country which is likely to be experiencing economic growth and explain why. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Table A1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_A5", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Population", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 5. Outline 3 possible impacts that an ageing society may have on a country’s economic \ndevelopment. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B1", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 1. Give 2 reasons why tourists may visit large cities, such as New York. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B2", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Five boroughs of New York City and sub-districts of \nManhattan and Figure B2: Distribution of hotels and Airbnb properties throughout New York \nCity. \nIdentify 2 patterns shown on the map and explain each pattern that you have given. \n \nPattern 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nExplanation: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nPattern 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nExplanation: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1", "Figure B2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B3", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb", "question_number": "3", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 3. Study the Table below. Choose an appropriate graphing method to display the data in the \nspace provided. You need to clearly show on the same graph how in some cities hotels are \nless expensive than Airbnb while in other cities hotels are more expensive than Airbnb. \n \nTable: Average cost difference between hotel and Airbnb properties in selected cities in the \nworld, in 2016. (in US dollars per night) \nCity Hotels are less expensive than Airbnb by (USD): \nBarcelona 139.42 \nSan Diego 61.73 \nNew Orleans 9.62 \nSan Francisco 3.49 \nCity Hotels are more expensive than Airbnb by (USD): \nLos Angeles 5.09 \nAmsterdam 44.72 \nSydney 44.96 \nVienna 71.62 \nNew York 81.80 \nLondon 108.29 \nSource: https://www.busbud.com/blog/airbnb-vs-hotel-rates/ \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_B4", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Tourism: The Rise of Airbnb", "question_number": "4", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure B3: Airbnb protest in Barcelona and the Figure below. \n \nFigure: Some Airbnb data for Barcelona \n €1 billion in economic activity from Airbnb \n €167 million earned by local households \n 16,100 hosts \n 20,000 listings \n 27 million tourists in 2012 to more than 34 million in 2016. \nOver 25 % increase in four years. \n 40% of Barcelona’s tourist apartments are illegal. \n City is facing a housing problem for those who live and work here. \nRents increased by 16.5% in 2016. \n(http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/barcelona-locals-hate-tourists-why-reasons-spain-protests-arran-airbnb-locals-attacks-\ngraffiti-a7883021.html, https://www.airbnbcitizen.com/airbnb-community-generated-more-than-e1-billion-in-barcelona-in-2016/) \n \nEvaluate whether the introduction of Airbnb to cities like Barcelona is more positive or negative \nfor local people. Your decision should be based on both economic and social impacts \nsupported with/by specific evidence. \n \nSocial: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEconomic: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................…", "resource_refs": ["Figure B3"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C1", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Location of coral reefs. \nDescribe the global pattern for the location of coral reefs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C2", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. Explain why coral reefs are considered to be of great value. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C3", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": "3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C2: Threats to coral reefs. \n3 m (a) Outline the major types of threats to coral reefs in 3 different regions of the world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \n2 m (b) Tourism is often regarded as a major threat to coral reefs. Identify 4 ways in which tourists \ncause damage to reefs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C4", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure C3: Photographs showing change in a coral reef. \n What name is given to the change shown in the photographs and why does it occur? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C3"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C5", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs", "question_number": "5", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 5. Nature can also be responsible for damage to coral reefs. Describe a natural threat to coral \nreefs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_C6", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Environmental Geography: Coral reefs", "question_number": "6", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figure C4: Marine Protected Areas. \nSome areas of the ocean have been declared Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Outline the \nproblems associated with the management (administering and enforcing) of MPAs. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": ["Figure C4"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D1", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "River Catchments", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 1. Define the term river catchment. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D2", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "River Catchments", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": "2. Study the Figure below. \n1.5 m (a) On the diagram, draw a line to clearly identify the boundary of the Farmhouse Creek catchment. \n \n \n \nFigure: Farmhouse Creek (River) \n \n \n0.5 m (b) What name is given to this boundary? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \n \n2 m (c) In the space below, draw (sketch) 2 labelled diagrams to show the shape of the creek \nchannel at Point X and Point Y, respectively. \n \nX Y \n \n \n2 m (d) Give 2 reasons why the mean stream velocity is likely to be greater at point Y than point X \nas shown on the Figure: Farmhouse Creek (River). \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D3", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "River Catchments", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": "3. Examine the data in the Table below. \n \nTable: Water velocity in metres per second \nDepth (m) \nDistance from Left Bank (A) in metres \n0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 \n0.1 0.53 0.41 0.38 0.21 0.10 \n0.2 0.58 0.33 0.26 0.11 \n0.3 0.46 0.22 0.18 \n0.4 0.32 0.10 0.04 \n0.5 0.15 0.05 \n \n \n2 m (a) On the Figure below: \ni) Plot the water velocities given in the table, and \nii) Draw in isovels (lines of equal velocity) at intervals of 0.1 metres per second. \n \n \n \n \n \n2 m (b) Describe and explain variations across the channel. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D4", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "River Catchments", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": "4. Study the Figure below. \n \n Figure: Hjulström Curve \n \n \n \n \n \n1 m (a) Describe the relationship between the settling velocity and the particle size. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n1 m (b) Explain why the settling velocity curve is below that for the erosion velocity. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_D5", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "River Catchments", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 5. Discuss why the statement “Everyone lives in a catchment” is important in catchment \nmanagement. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E1", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: Key facts on Ebola and Figure E2: Distribution, frequency \nand magnitude of Ebola outbreaks to 30th November 2014. \nDescribe the pattern of Ebola outbreaks in Africa over time. In your answer, refer to both \nfrequency and magnitude. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1", "Figure E2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E2", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 2. Study Figure E2: Distribution, frequency and magnitude of Ebola outbreaks to 30th November \n2014 and Figure E3: Cases and deaths, Ebola outbreak to 27 March 2016. \n \nCompare and contrast how the outbreak of the Ebola disease affected the 3 main countries \nbetween November 2014 and 27 March 2016. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18", "resource_refs": ["Figure E2", "Figure E3"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E3", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": "3. Study Figure E 4: Time series of cumulative Ebola deaths in the districts of Guinea, Liberia, \nand Sierra Leone, 2014-2015. \n \n0.5 m (a) In what order should the maps be arranged to show the geographic spread of the Ebola \ndisease in the three most affected countries? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n1.5 m (b) Describe the origin and the spread of the Ebola disease. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E4", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 4. Identify and explain 2 factors that contributed to the failure to control this Ebola outbreak. \n \nFactor 1 : \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nFactor 2 : \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E5", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 5. Ebola outbreaks may cause various impacts for different groups in society such as women \nand children. \nSelect one of these two groups and explain why the impacts of the Ebola outbreak would be \nmore serious for this group within society. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_E6", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Ebola Disease Outbreaks", "question_number": "6", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 6. Study the Table below. \nIdentify the country which is likely to have had the best systems in place to respond to the \nEbola outbreak. Give reasons for your answer. \n \nTable: Statistical data on selected countries affected by the 2014-15 Ebola outbreak \n(Source: WHO) \nCountry Guinea Liberia Mali Nigeria Sierra \nLeone \nPopulation (in millions) 12.61 4.50 17.60 182.20 6.45 \nGross National Income per \ncapita (PPP1 $) 1,160 790 1,540 5,360 1,750 \nGovernment health \nexpenditure per capita (PPP1 $) 33 31 25 118 38 \nMedical doctors \nper 100,000 10.0 1.4 8.3 40.8 2.2 \nPopulation using improved \nsanitation % 20 17 25 29 13 \n1 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is used to make comparisons across different currencies \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 21 =====\n21", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F1", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Glaciers", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: Photographs of main types of glaciers. \n \n2 m (a) Name two differences between continental and valley glaciers. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n1 m (b) Name one specific location where each type of glacier may be found. \n \nContinental : ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \nValley: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F2", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Glaciers", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": "2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Global glacier thickness change. \n \n2 m (a) Describe the overall trend in cumulative global glacier thickness between 1961 and 2005. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n3 m (b) Explain why this trend in cumulative glacier thickness is occurring. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 15 \n\n===== PAGE 22 =====\n22", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F3", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Glaciers", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Global glacier thickness change. \nOutline the extent to which volcanic eruptions such El Chichon in March 1982, appear to have \nhad an impact on the overall trend in global glacial thickness. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F4", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Glaciers", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. Taking into consideration the link between ice melting and changes of albedo, explain what \nthe phrase “positive feedback” means? \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_wrt_F5", "year": 2018, "host": "Québec, Canada", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Glaciers", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure F3: Climatic snow line. \nAlthough glaciers are most commonly found above the snowline, the snow line varies around \nthe globe. Thus, location at a certain latitude and altitude does not automatically mean that a \nglacier will develop. \nExplain 4 factors that will determine if a glacier forms at a particular latitude and altitude. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n end ", "resource_refs": ["Figure F3"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2018iGeo_final_version.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A1", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1: Impact of climate change on agricultural yields between \n2003 and 2080 (projections). \nIdentify the 4 areas (major regions) that will face the most negative impact of climate \nchange on its agricultural yields. \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A2", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change", "question_number": "2", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6m 2. Outline 3 effects of climate change on agricultural yields. For each effect fully explain how \nit will impact agriculture in the future. \n \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A3", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 3. What do you understand by the term “climate-smart agriculture”? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_A4", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Agriculture and Climate Change", "question_number": "4", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6m 4. Discuss 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of a smart agriculture. \n \n \nAdvantage 1 :................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nAdvantage 2 :................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nAdvantage 3 :................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nDisadvantage 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nDisadvantage 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................…", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B1", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Earthquakes", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.5, "question": "1.5m 1. a) List the 3 main types of seismic waves. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n0.5m b) What is the name of the instrument that measures these waves? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B2", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Earthquakes", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 2. Outline the differences between the 3 main types of seismic waves. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B3", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Earthquakes", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1: Ecuador earthquake on February 22nd, 2019. \nSuggest the reasons for the occurrence of an earthquake on February 22, 2019 in this area \nof Ecuador. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B4", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Earthquakes", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Explain how an earthquake leads to soil liquefaction. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_B5", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Earthquakes", "question_number": "5", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5m 5. Using Resources Booklet Figure B1: Ecuador earthquake on February 22nd, 2019 and \nFigure B2: Impact of Ecuador earthquake and your own knowledge, explain how the impacts \nof the Ecuador earthquake of Feb 22, 2019 and future earthquakes in this area could be \nmanaged. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1", "Figure B2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text_patched"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C1", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1: Satellite image of sand dunes in the Arabian Desert. \nWhat is the direction of the prevailing wind in this area? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C2", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2. Name 2 natural factors that influence sand dune mobility. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C3", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification", "question_number": "3", "marks": 9.0, "question": "9m 3. Following the Instructions in the Resource Booklet Section C, draw a triangulated irregular \nnetwork on the map below. \n \n Inside this network draw contour lines of the P/PE values from the Resource Booklet Table \nC1: Values of dune mobility index (M) and dune activity codes (with the contour interval 0.1) \nfor the 12 Weather Monitoring Sites. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10", "resource_refs": ["Table \nC1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C4", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 4. Which Weather Monitoring Sites have relatively high desertification threats? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_C5", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Sand Dune Mobility and Desertification", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 5. Suggest strategies for the local farmers and the government t hat could prevent the threats \nof desertification. \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D1", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Ocean Currents", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "1. Study Resources Booklet Figure D1: Part of North Atlantic Ocean current circulation and \nFigure D2: Water temperatures (°C) and salinity (Practical Salinity Unit – PSU) in Northern \nAtlantic Ocean. \n \n3m a) Describe the pattern of water temperature and salinity distribution (Figure D2) for the area \nshown in the map (Figure D1). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n3m b) Give reasons for the pattern s you have described. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1", "Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D2", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Ocean Currents", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2. Based on your knowledge name the main reasons for the slowed and weakened Nor th \nAtlantic Ocean circulation. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D3", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Ocean Currents", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 3. Assess the economic and environmental impacts a weakened circulation could cause. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D4", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Ocean Currents", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D3: Measured number of pieces of plastic waste in the Indian \nOcean gyre garbage patch. \nWhy is there an accumulation of plastic waste in this particular part of the Indian Ocean? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D3"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_D5", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Ocean Currents", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 5. What are the challenges of managing the oceans in order to reduce the amount of this type \n of waste? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E1", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Globalisation", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table E1: Growth of popular social media sites (2014–2019). \n \na) Identify the social media site that has experienced the largest absolute number of global \nusers between 2014 and 2019. \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nb) Identify the social media site that has experienced the fastest rate of growth in \nnumber of global users between 20 14 and 201 9. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Table E1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E2", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Globalisation", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2. What is meant by the term “time-space compression”? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E3", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Globalisation", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 3. Outline 3 factors that have resulted in global time-space compression. \n \nFactor 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nFactor 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nFactor 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E4", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Globalisation", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1: The share of world exports and imports by country. \nSuggest 2 ways the share of world merchandise exports by country can influence flows of \npeople. \n1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E5", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Globalisation", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 5. Evaluate 1 factor that might account for the spatial variations in Figure E1. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_E6", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Globalisation", "question_number": "6", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 6. Identify and e xplain 2 reasons why the global shift of industry has had negative impacts on \nsome people in the developed world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F1", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Water Security", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1: Global withdrawal and consumption of water from 1900 –\n2025 (projected). \n \n \n1.5m a) Describe the global pattern of water consumption. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n1.5m b) Which graph shows the most waste? Suggest a reason why this is the case. \n \nGraph: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \nReason : ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F2", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Water Security", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1m 2. What is meant by the term “water insecurity”? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F3", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Water Security", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 3. Give 4 reasons to explain why water consumption is increasing. \n \nReason 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 4 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F4", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Water Security", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3m 4. Outline 3 strategies which would result in an increased water supply for a country. \n \nStrategy 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nThis Section continues on the next page. \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_wrt_F5", "year": 2019, "host": "Hong Kong, China", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Water Security", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2: Water distribution from the River Jordan. \n \n Explain the causes of potential conflict in the withdrawal and consumption of water from the \nRiver Jordan. \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or for answers, which \nare clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \nend  \nStudent number:", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "WRT_QA-Booklet_iGeo-2019.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking_Scheme_2019-iGeo_Hong-Kong.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Aa", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage", "question_number": "a", "marks": 0.5, "question": "(a) (i) Name the country where the Suez Canal is located. [0.5 mark] \n(ii) Name the two seas which the Suez Canal connects. [0.5 mark]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ab", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage", "question_number": "b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(b) Using the Koppen climate classification, identify the climate of the region where the \nSuez canal is in. [1 mark]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ac", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage", "question_number": "c", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(c) Explain why sandstorms might occur at the Suez Canal. [2 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ad", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage", "question_number": "d", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(d) Explain two reasons why ships choose to ply the Suez Canal route, instead of taking \nalternative routes to travel between East Asia and Europe. [4 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ae", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage", "question_number": "e", "marks": 3.0, "question": "(e) Study Resource A2. Briefly explain three reasons why containers are used so \npredominantly in global trade. [3 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource A2"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Af", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Suez Canal Blockage", "question_number": "f", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(f) Study Resource A3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with \nthe containership transport industry. [4 marks] \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": ["Resource A3"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ba", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities", "question_number": "a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(a) Study Resource B1. Briefly explain two ways in which the trends observed in \nResource B1 might differ between more economically developed countries and less \neconomically developed countries. \n \n \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource B1"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Bb", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities", "question_number": "b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(b) Study Resource B2. Describe the trends observed in the primary production of \nenergy from renewable sources from 1990 to 2015. \n \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource B2"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Bc", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities", "question_number": "c", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(c) Study Resource B2. Explain the socio -economic and environmental i mpacts of \nusing renewable energy sources. \n \n[4 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource B2"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Bd", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities", "question_number": "d", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(d) Study Resource B3. Explain two issues that may affect the sustainability of \nCambodia’s energy supply. \n \n[4 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource B3"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Be", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Energy Sources and Regenerative Cities", "question_number": "e", "marks": 3.0, "question": "(e) Study Resources B4 and B5. Explain three ways in which t hese strategies can \ncontribute to urban sustainability and liveability. \n \n[3 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ca", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The Arctic", "question_number": "a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(a) Study Resource C1. List two countries which have a direct strategic interest in the \nmanagement of the Arctic’s resources. \n \n[1 mark]", "resource_refs": ["Resource C1"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Cb", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The Arctic", "question_number": "b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(b) Study Resource C1. Describe the changes observed between September 2019 and \nMarch 2020. \n \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource C1"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Cc", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The Arctic", "question_number": "c", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(c) Study Resource C2. Explain two reasons for the pattern shown in Resource 2. [4 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource 2", "Resource C2"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Cd", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The Arctic", "question_number": "d", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(d) Study Resource C3. Explain why daily sea i ce in the Arctic reaches its minimum \nextent in September. \n \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource C3"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ce", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "The Arctic", "question_number": "e", "marks": 6.0, "question": "(e) “An ice-free Arctic will bring about more positive impacts than negative impacts.” \nHow far do you agree with this statement? Explain your stand. \n \n[6 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Da", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Cruise Tourism", "question_number": "a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(a) (i) Study Resource D1. Suggest two characteristics of the Caribbean region which \nmight attract tourists on cruise holidays. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource D1. Suggest two characteristics of the Alaskan region wh ich \nmight attract tourists on cruise holidays. \n \n [1 mark]", "resource_refs": ["Resource D1"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Db", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Cruise Tourism", "question_number": "b", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(b) Study Resource D2. Explain two reasons why North America and Europe are \nthe main source markets of cruise tourism. \n \n[4 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource D2"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Dc", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Cruise Tourism", "question_number": "c", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(c) In cruise tourism, a home port is a po rt in which a cruise starts and ends, in \nwhich passengers embark and disembark. Explain 4 ways in which a city can \nbecome an ideal home port. \n \n \n [4 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Dd", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Cruise Tourism", "question_number": "d", "marks": 5.0, "question": "(d) Study Resource D3. Use an appropriate data representation method to display \nthe rate of change of cruise passengers from 2013 to 2017 (%). You should use \nthe blank page provided in the Answer Booklet for this question. \n \n \n[5 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": ["Resource D3"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ea", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(a) Study Resource E1. Describe the downstream changes in the channel variables. [2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource E1"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Eb", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(b) Study Resource E1. Give reasons for the downstream changes in the channel \nvariables. \n \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource E1"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ec", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "c", "marks": 3.0, "question": "(c) Study Resource E2. Explain how load size can affect the types of fluvial \ntransportation processes present in the Sutlej River. \n \n[3 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource E2"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ed", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "d", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(d) (i) Study Resource E3. Identify the fluvial feature identified as ‘RF’. [1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource E3. Explain the formation of this fluvial landform and its feature \n‘RF’. \n \n[4 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource E3"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_wrt_Ee", "year": 2021, "host": "Istanbul, Turkey", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Rivers", "question_number": "e", "marks": 3.0, "question": "(e) Study Resource E4. Sketch and annotate the cross section ‘AB’ as shown in \nResource E4. You should use the blank page provided in the Answer Booklet for \nthis question. \n \n \n[3 marks] \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": ["Resource E4"], "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Question_and_Resource_Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2021iGeo_WRT_Suggested_Marking_Guide_All_sections.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Aa", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases", "question_number": "a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(a) Study Resource A1. Define the term greenhouse effect. [2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource A1"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ab", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases", "question_number": "b", "marks": 3.0, "question": "(b) Study Resource A1. Outline three impacts of selected greenhouse gases on \nclimate change. \n[3 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource A1"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ac", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases", "question_number": "c", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(c) (i) Study Resource A2. Name the countries that have the highest carbon footprints in \ninternational and domestic air travel. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource A2. Outline two reasons why some countries have very high \ncarbon dioxide emissions per capita from domestic air travel. \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource A2"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ad", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases", "question_number": "d", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(d) In addition to carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases and aerosols are emitted \nfrom air transport. Explain the effect of condensation trails on climate. \n \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ae", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Air transport and greenhouse gases", "question_number": "e", "marks": 5.0, "question": "(e) Study Resource A3. Use an appropriate data representation method to display the \ntotal number of passengers in air travel and their profile (national and international \npassengers) in European countries with more than 50 million total passengers. \n \n[5 marks] \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": ["Resource A3"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ba", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean", "question_number": "a", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(a) (i) Study Resource B1. Identify the type of rock represented by ‘A’. [1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource B1. Identify the type of water body represented by ‘B’. [1 mark]", "resource_refs": ["Resource B1"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Bb", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean", "question_number": "b", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(b) An atoll is a unique feature in the South Pacific Ocean. With the use of an annotated \ndiagram, explain clearly how an atoll is formed. \n \n[4 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Bc", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean", "question_number": "c", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(c) Study Resource B2. Identify the climate type of the island in the South Pacific Ocean \nusing the Köppen climate classification. \n \n[1 mark]", "resource_refs": ["Resource B2"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Bd", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean", "question_number": "d", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(d) Study Resource B3. Explain two natural hazards occurring in the South Pacific \nOcean which might affect the local economies of the South Pacific Ocean islands. \n \n[4 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource B3"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Be", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "South Pacific Ocean", "question_number": "e", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(e) Study Resource B4. To what extent do you agree that tourism is beneficial for the \nPacific Least Developed Countries (LDCs)? \n[4 marks] \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": ["Resource B4"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ca", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin", "question_number": "a", "marks": 3.0, "question": "(a) Study Resources C1 and C2. Describe the average wet season precipitation in the \nMekong Basin in 2019, as compared to 2000-2018. \n \n[3 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Cb", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin", "question_number": "b", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(b) (i) Study Resource C3. Describe the change(s) observed in this part of the Mekong \nRiver in Thailand between 2015 and 2020. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource C3. Explain two reasons to account for the change(s) observed in \nthis part of the Mekong River in Thailand between 2015 and 2020. \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource C3"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Cc", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin", "question_number": "c", "marks": 1.0, "question": "(c) (i) Study Resource C4. Explain the relationship between groundwater extraction and \nland-subsidence. \n \n[1 mark] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource C4. Explain which scenario is likely to be the most sustainable \nscenario for the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. \n \n[2 marks] \n \n \n (iii) Study Resource C4. Explain which scenario is likely to be the most realistic \nscenario for the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. \n \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource C4"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Cd", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Lower Mekong Basin", "question_number": "d", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(d) Study Resource C5. Choose two solutions shown in Resource C5 and explain how \neach of them could help the Vietnamese Mekong Delta be sustainable. \n \n[4 marks] \n \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": ["Resource C5"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Da", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development", "question_number": "a", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(a) Study Resource D1. Explain how wildfires can be caused by both human and \nnatural factors. \n \n[4 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource D1"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Db", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development", "question_number": "b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(b) Study Resource D 2. Compare the distributions of population density growth \nprojections and fire hazards in California. \n \n [2 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Dc", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development", "question_number": "c", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(c) (i) Study Resource D3. Describe the severity of risks to the selected Asian cities \ndue to rising sea levels and flooding. \n \n[2 marks] \n \n \n (ii) Study Resource D3. Choose a city in Resource D3 and explain two strategies \nit can adopt to increase overcome the risk of flooding. \n \n \n [2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource D3"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Dd", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Wildfires, sinking cities and sustainable development", "question_number": "d", "marks": 5.0, "question": "(d) Study Resource D 4. In your opinion, are wildfires or floods more damaging \ntowards a city’s pursuit of sustainable development? Explain your choice. \n \n \n[5 marks] \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ea", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development", "question_number": "a", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(a) Define the ‘Green Revolution’. [2 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Eb", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development", "question_number": "b", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(b) Study Resource E1. Describe the trends observed. \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": ["Resource E1"], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ec", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development", "question_number": "c", "marks": 2.0, "question": "(c) (i) Using your own knowledge, outline Thomas Malthus’ theory on the concept of \n“population-resources” relationship. \n \n[2 marks] \n \n \n (ii) Using your own knowledge, outline Ester Boserup’s theory on the concept of \n“population-resources” relationship. \n[2 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ed", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development", "question_number": "d", "marks": 3.0, "question": "(d) Study Resource E 2. Suggest three ways in which farmers in Bangladesh have \nbenefitted differently from the Green Revolution. \n \n[3 marks]", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_wrt_Ee", "year": 2022, "host": "Paris, France", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Green Revolution and Population Development", "question_number": "e", "marks": 4.0, "question": "(e) Using your own knowledge, explain two ways in which agricultural practices can \nbe improved to allow countries to benefit more. \n \n[4 marks] \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT-Question-and-Resources.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2022iGeo_WRT_Marking-Guide.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A1", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "The Aral Sea", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Describe the drainage pattern surrounding the Aral Sea and name any appropriate technical \nterm(s) that apply to this sort of basin. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A2", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "The Aral Sea", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Box A1 and Figures A1 and A2. \n Using the information provided and your geographical understanding, explain three economic \nimpacts due to the changing conditions of the Aral Sea. \n \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A3", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "The Aral Sea", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure A3. \n Identify two factors responsible for the trend shown in this precipitation graph of the Aral Sea. \n \nFactor 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nFactor 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure A3"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A4", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "The Aral Sea", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure A4. \n Explain two causes and two environmental effects of the trend shown in the salinity graph \nof the Aral Sea. \n \nCause 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nCause 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nEffect 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nEffect 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure A4"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_A5", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "The Aral Sea", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Box A1 and Resource Booklet Figures A1, A2, A3 and A4. \n Explain 4 reasons why solutions for the issues in the Aral Sea region are difficult to implement. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B1", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Maritime transport", "question_number": "1", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table B1. Use an appropriate data representation method to show \nthe Port Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (PLSCI) in 2006 (Q1) and 2022 (Q 4) for the ten \nhighest ranked container ports in 2022.", "resource_refs": ["Table B1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B2", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Maritime transport", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 2. Study the Resource Booklet Table B1 and Figure B1 and your diagram in Question B1. \n Identify two spatial and/or time-related patterns of international tanker freight trade and \nexplain them. \n \nPattern 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nPattern 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1", "Table B1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B3", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Maritime transport", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure B2. \n Using the information provided and your geographical understanding suggest two main \nreasons for the location of this port in a sparsely populated area outside the major sea transit \nroutes. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure B2"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B4", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Maritime transport", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. The investment in the Finnafjord Port Project would not have been possible a few decades \nago. Specify two changes in global economic or environmental conditions that make the \ninvestment possible now. \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_B5", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Maritime transport", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 5. Outline the environmental impacts of the Finnafjord Port Project. Use at least two positive \nand two negative environmental impacts. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C1", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1. \n The northern part of Burkina Faso lies in a large region that stretches across Africa from east \nto west. \n \n a) Name this region. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n b) Identify the main natural characteristic of this region that explains the type of land cover in \nnorthern Burkina Faso. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C2", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso", "question_number": "2", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1. \n Describe in detail three changing patterns in land cover in Burkina Faso between 1975 and \n2013. \n \nPattern 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nPattern 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nPattern 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C3", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 3. Specify the main reason for the land cover change in Burkina Faso. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C4", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 4. Outline three implications of the land cover change for the ecosystems in Burkina Faso. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_C5", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Land use and land cover change in Burkina Faso", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 5. In 2020, more than 50% of Burkina Faso’s population suffered from chronic food deficiency. \nSuggest and explain three sustainable development projects that would help reduce food \ninsecurity. \n \nProject 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nProject 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nProject 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D1", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n Describe two changes in the number and structure of electric vehicles in the transport in the \nworld between 2012 and 2021 using specific evidence. \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D2", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n Suggest two reasons for changes in the use of electric vehicles in transport between 2012 \nand 2021. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D3", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Discuss the benefits and limitations of electric vehicle deployment. Your answer should \ninclude at least two benefits and two limitations. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D4", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2. \n Explain three ways in which the management of the flow of water influences the viability of a \ncity. \n \nWay 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nWay 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nWay 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_D5", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Innovative and sustainable cities", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2. \n Evaluate the feasibility of implementing strategies to create a water sensitive city when \nplanning or redeveloping urban areas. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n(You can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly l…", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E1", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Shorelines", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1. \n Note how the shoreline changes over time. Name four factors that influence geomorphological \nchanges in shorelines. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E2", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Shorelines", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figures E1 and E2. \n Explain how wildfires can affect the width of the sandy beach near the Big Sur River mouth. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E3", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Shorelines", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1. \n Geologists, engineers, and planners often need to know the rate at which the shoreline moves. \nThis helps them to better define appropriate uses of coastal areas. Use the historical imagery \nprovided to answer the questions 3a and 3b. The scale is the same for both images. \n \na) Is the beach at point ‘300 m’ eroding or accreting over time? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nb) Estimate the rate of change of the shoreline at the point ‘300 m’ to justify your response \nin part a). Your answer should include the full calculation. The rate must be expressed in \nmetres per month.", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E4", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Shorelines", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3. \n Name the coastal feature identified as ‘X’. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": ["Figure E3"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_E5", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Shorelines", "question_number": "5", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure E3. \n Use the information provided and your geographical understanding to answer the questions \n5a and 5b. \n \na) Draw a sketch of the geomorphological processes that formed the coastal feature “X”. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nb) Explain the geomorphological process of the formation of the coastal feature \"X\" shown in \nthe sketch. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16 \nThis page is intentionally blank. \n(You can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17", "resource_refs": ["Figure E3"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F1", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Ski tourism", "question_number": "1", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figures F1 and F2. \n There are many spectacular mountain ranges in the world, but only a few have developed \nmass ski tourism. Outline and give reasons for 4 social and/or infrastructural conditions that \nhave led to the development of mass ski tourism in the mountains. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F2", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Ski tourism", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figures F1 and F2. \n Name two main areas where ski tourism has developed (use the names of the regions from \nFigure F1 or similar , not the names of continents or countries ). Justify your answer with \nstatistical data available in the Resource Booklet. \n \nArea 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... \n \nArea 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... \n \n \nStudent number: 19 \n\n===== PAGE 18 =====\n18", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F3", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Ski tourism", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure F3. \n Ski tourism in the world has stagnated since the 1980s. Discuss changes in tourists' travel \nbehaviour that could be responsible for this stagnation. Your answer should include at least \nthree arguments. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......", "resource_refs": ["Figure F3"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F4", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Ski tourism", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure F4a. \n Name the phenomenon that can be seen in the photograph. Explain how ski tourism can \nincrease the hazard of this phenomenon. \n \nName of the phenomenon: ................................ ................................ .............................. \n \nExplanation: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 19 =====\n19", "resource_refs": ["Figure F4"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_wrt_F5", "year": 2023, "host": "Bandung, Indonesia", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Ski tourism", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure F4. \n Using the information provided and your geographical understanding explain three negative \nenvironmental impacts of ski tourism in the mountains. \n \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \nStudent number: 19 \nend ◼", "resource_refs": ["Figure F4"], "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Question-and-Answer-Booklet_Final.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2023iGeo_WRT_Marking-Scheme_Final.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A1", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 1. Name the natural resource from which most plastics are produced. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A2", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 2. Identify two sources used to produce bioplastics. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A3", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": "3. Study Resource Booklet Figure A1. Ocean gyres are locations where large amounts of plastic \nand other waste accumulate. \n \n5 m a) Choose one of the ocean gyres. Draw and label a diagram to show the wind patterns and \nocean currents that contribute to the formation of your chosen gyre in the space below. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4 \n2 m b) Explain the reasons for the accumulation of plastic pollution in the location you have chosen. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A4", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures A2 and A3. \n Describe two spatial patterns regarding the origin of plastic waste emissions into the oceans. \nProvide specific data from the sources. Your answer should refer to regions and/or multiple \ncountries, not individual countries. \n \nPattern 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nPattern 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_A5", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Plastic pollution in oceans", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figures A1-A3. \n Using the sources provided and your geographical knowledge discuss why it is difficult to \neliminate plastic pollution from entering the oceans. Give at least three arguments. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B1", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure B1. \n Identify and explain three main reasons for the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B2", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. Study the Resource Booklet Figures B2 and B3. \n Analyse the spatial relationship between the intensity of PM 2.5 emissions and the extent of \ndeforestation. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B3", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem", "question_number": "3", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures B1-B3. Using the information provided and your geographical \nunderstanding answer the following questions. \n \n a) What is meant by the term ecosystem services? \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n b) Identify and e xplain the importance of three ecosystem services provided by the Amazon \nrainforest. \n \nEcosystem service 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEcosystem service 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEcosystem service 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_B4", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Amazon rainforest ecosystem", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures B1-B3. Specify two impacts of deforestation of the Amazon \nrainforest on its ecosystem services and two impacts on human well-being. \n \nImpact on ecosystem service 1 : ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact on ecosystem service 2: ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact on human well -being 1: ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact on human well -being 2: ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C1", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai", "question_number": "1", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Table C1. \n Create a combined climate diagram that compares the precipitation and temperature data for \nboth Dubai and Kathmandu in one diagram. Label your diagram appropriately.", "resource_refs": ["Table C1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C2", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Table C1 and the climate diagram you made. \n Calculate the average annual temperature amplitude/range in Dubai and Kathmandu (round \nthe value to one decimal place). \n \nDubai:................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \nKathmandu: ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": ["Table C1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C3", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure C1 and your climate diagram of Dubai and Kathmandu. Both \ncities are influenced by the Asian monsoon, but Dubai has completely different rainfall patterns \nfrom Kathmandu, which has more typical characteristics of the Asian monsoon climate. \n Explain the differences between the rainfall patterns in Dubai and Kathmandu, although both \nclimates are influenced by the same wind patterns. \n \nDubai: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nKathmandu: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ...............…", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C4", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures C2 and C3 and Text Box C1. Since climate change has most \nlikely increased the presence of warm, moist air in a region, atmospheric triggers are necessary \nto initiate large-scale cloud formation and significant precipitation events. \n Name one such primary atmospheric mechanism that can cause such conditions that lead to \nsevere flooding. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": ["Text Box C1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C5", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 5. Explain two reasons why, even after significant rain events, the landscape in Dubai remains \narid and the surrounding desert does not transform into a green environment. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_C6", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Monsoon and weather phenomena in Dubai", "question_number": "6", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 6. Discuss how the urban environment of Dubai contributed to the flooding in April 2024. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\n10 \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \n \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 11 =====\n11", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D1", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n \n a) Identify the area near the North Pole where there are no or only a few isolated permafrost \nareas. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n b) Suggest the reason why this area is free of permafrost. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D2", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure D1. \n With the help of information provided and your geographical understanding outline two \nreasons why the extent of permafrost areas in North America differs significantly from that in \nEurope. \n \nReason 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D3", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2 that shows a site on Taymyr Island in the north of Siberia. \n Describe the change in the vegetation from 1966 to 2009. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D4", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figure D2. \n \n a) Explain how climate change has affected the described change in vegetation. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12 \n b) Outline the mechanism by which this change in vegetation can affect the climate. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D2"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D5", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change", "question_number": "5", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figure D3 and Table D1. \n Analyse the change in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere \nfrom pre-industrial times to the present day and their contribution to the rise in temperature. \nUse statistical data to justify your answers. \n \nConcentration: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nTemperature: ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure D3", "Table D1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_D6", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Periglacial landscape and climate change", "question_number": "6", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 6. Study Resource Booklet Figure D3 and Table D1. \nEvaluate the role of carbon dioxide and methane in global warming. Justify your answer \nwith specific data. \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": ["Figure D3", "Table D1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E1", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Olympic Games", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure E1. \n Name the continent that was most underrepresented at the London Olympics when comparing \nthe ratio of Olympic participants to the world's population. Justify your answer with specific \ndata. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E2", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Olympic Games", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 2. Study Resource Figure E2. \n \n a) Describe the general trend of the overall sustainability of the Olympic Games 1992 -2020. \nYour answer should not include only one aspect (pillar) of sustainability. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n b) Suggest two main reasons for the described trend. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14", "resource_refs": ["Figure E2"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E3", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Olympic Games", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. Study Resource Booklet Figures E3 and E4. \n Analyse the process of urban transformation of Barcelona between 1977 and the time of the \n1992 Summer Olympics (in terms of general character, services, size/locations). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E4", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Olympic Games", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. Study Resource Booklet Figures E3 and E4. \n Explain two ways in which the urban remodelling of Barcelona has improved the quality of life \nof its citizens. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_E5", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "Olympic Games", "question_number": "5", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 5. Study Resource Booklet Figures E2-E5 and use your geographical understanding. \n Evaluate whether major sporting events such as the Olympic Games have a positive or \nnegative socio-economic impact on the target cities during and after these events. Use at \nleast two positive and two negative socio -economic impacts as examples to support your \nideas. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F1", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Study Resource Booklet Figure F1. \n Identify the most frequently used transport modes for commuters in cities in North America \nand Europe. \n \nNorth America: ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nEurope: ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F2", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities", "question_number": "2", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 2. Study Resource Booklet Figure F2. \nGive two differences between the way commuters travel in Tokyo and Dhaka. Explain three \nreasons for these differences. \nDifferences : ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 20 \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16", "resource_refs": ["Figure F2"], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F3", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Explain the negative aspects of the increase in commuting on people and the economy. \n \nPeople : ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEconomy : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_wrt_F4", "year": 2024, "host": "Dublin, Ireland", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Commuting mobility in the cities", "question_number": "4", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 4. To ensure efficient and sustainable commuting, public policymakers face many challenges. \nSuggest 4 possible solutions that policymakers may adopt to achieve this goal. \n \nSolution 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nSolution 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nSolution 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nSolution 4 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \n(you can use it for your notes (please cross them through afterwards) or \nfor answers, which are clearly labelled with the Section and question number). \n \nStudent number: 20 \nend ◼", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "WRT-2024-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "WRT_Marking-Scheme_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A1", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 1. Name two natural forces that can trigger landslides. \n \nNatural force 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... \n \nNatural force 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .........", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A2", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "2", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 2. Identify and explain two specific human activities that may contribute to landslides. \n \nActivity 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nActivity 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A3", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": "3. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure A1. \n \n0.5 m a) Specify the location on the diagram most susceptible to landslide activity (A, B, C or D). \n \nLocation: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n \n1 m b) Explain the reason for the location selected above (in 3a). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 4 =====\n4", "resource_refs": ["Figure A1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A4", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": "4. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure A2. \n \n2 m a) Clearly label the parts of a landslide on Figure A2 below, using the following letters as labels: \nA: head, B: foot, C: surface of rupture, D: scarp surface. \n \n \nFigure A2: Remnants of a landslide that took place in La Conchita, California, USA \n(January 2005). Ten people were killed. \n(https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs \npublic/styles/full_width/public/LaConchia_USGS_Photo.jpg?itok=NS7eb4YQ) \n \n2 m b) Identify specific evidence from Figure A2 that indicates a previous landslide took place in the \narea. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 5 =====\n5 \n \n \n4 m c) Suggest two actions that can be taken to protect the neighbourhood from future landslides \nand evaluate the effectiveness of each measure that you provide. \n \nAction 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEffectiveness of Action 1 : ................................ ................................ ........................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n .....................…", "resource_refs": ["Figure A2"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_A5", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "A", "section_title": "Landslides", "question_number": "5", "marks": null, "question": "5. After wildfires occur in mountainous areas, there is an increased danger of landslides \noccurring. \n \n0.5 m a) Name the season when post wildfire landslides are most likely to occur. \n \nSeason: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... \n \n \n2 m b) Explain why landslides are more likely to occur during the season you selected. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 6 =====\n6 \n \n \nThis page is intentionally blank \nYou can use it for your notes, but please cross them through afterwards. \nIf you use it for answers, they MUST be clearly labelled with the Section and Question number. \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n7", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B1", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Waves and coastline", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Explain the energy relationship between wind and the formation of waves. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B2", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Waves and coastline", "question_number": "2", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 2. Describe four ways waves change as they move from deeper water towards the shore. \n \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nChange 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \nChange 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 8 =====\n8", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B3", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Waves and coastline", "question_number": "3", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 3. Analyse Figure B1. Draw lines representing the path of the waves as they move towards the \ncoast. Assume that the waves hit the coast from the north -east and have a wavelength of 14 \nm. Consider changes to the waves that may occur as they move towards the coast. \n \n \n \nFigure B1: A fictional coastline. The underwater topography (bathymetry) of the area \nis represented by isobaths or depth contours with an interval of 1 metre. This area is \nmicrotidal with a maximum tidal range of 2 metres and is located at a latitude of 50°N. \nThis coastal area includes a public beach with over 50,000 visitors per summer, a fishery, \na ferry terminal and several resid ential properties. \n(Created by B. Woodward)", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B4", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Waves and coastline", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": "4. For this question, refer to Figure B1. \n \n1 m a) Draw an arrow on the Figure B1 to identify the direction of the longshore current. \n \n1 m b) Justify the reason for the direction of the arrow you drew in 4a). \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\n9", "resource_refs": ["Figure B1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_B5", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "B", "section_title": "Waves and coastline", "question_number": "5", "marks": 5.0, "question": "5 m 5. Use your answers from the previous questions to develop a strategy for shoreline \nmanagement in this area. \n \n Consider the way in which the various changes will affect the coastline and identify areas \nwhere you anticipate erosion and/or sedimentation in the future. You have unlimited resources, \nso you can build any type of coastal defence and change the land use patterns so long as your \nsuggestions are realistic. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n …", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C1", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Water stress", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 1. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure C1. \n \n Describe the current spatial distribution of water scarcity in the world. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C2", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Water stress", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. Identify and explain three main causes of high water stress. \n \nCause 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nCause 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nCause 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\n12", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C3", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Water stress", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. Describe three socio-economic impacts of water scarcity. \n \nImpact 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C4", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Water stress", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 4. For this question, refer to Study Resource Booklet: Figure C2. \n \n Explain why the countries of the northern Mediterranean are likely to experience major water \nstress in the future. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure C2"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_C5", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "C", "section_title": "Water stress", "question_number": "5", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 5. Outline three strategies for reducing water stress. The strategies must be related to real-world \nsituations. \n \nStrategy 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 13 =====\n13", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D1", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Global energy consumption", "question_number": "1", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 1. Explain the difference between renewable and sustainable energy sources. Use specific \nexamples of energy sources in your explanation. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D2", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Global energy consumption", "question_number": "2", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 2. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figures D1. \n \n Describe the main trends in the global consumption of oil, coal and renewable energy from \n1965 to 2018. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D3", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Global energy consumption", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. Explain three environmental impacts of using coal as a source of energy. \n \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 14 =====\n14 \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D4", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Global energy consumption", "question_number": "4", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 4. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figures D2 and D3. \n \n Suggest three reasons why energy consumption in developed countries has not increased \nsignificantly, or in some cases has even decreased, since the 1990s. \n \nReason 1 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 2 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nReason 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_D5", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "D", "section_title": "Global energy consumption", "question_number": "5", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 5. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure D4. \n \n Due to the current geopolitical situation , Western companies are relocating manufacturing \nindustries from Asia back to their home country or a neighbouring region. Discuss four possible \nchanges to global primary energy consumption as a result of these relocations. \n \nChange 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nChange 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nChange 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nChange 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 15 =====\n15", "resource_refs": ["Figure D4"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E1", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "The Darién Gap", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1.0, "question": "1 m 1. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Figure E1. \n \n Identify the primary direction of irregular migration routes worldwide. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Figure E1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E2", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "The Darién Gap", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": "2. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Text Box E1; Figures E2 and E3. \n \n4 m a) Analyse the general trend and sources of migration through the Darién Gap. Justify your \nresponse with specific data. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n3 m b) Explain two socio-economic and one environmental reason for emigration from countries \nshown on the diagram. Use specific country examples to justify your answers. \n \nSocio-economic reason 1: ................................ ................................ .......................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nSocio-economic reason 2: ................................ ................................ ........................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEnvironmental reason: ................................ ................................ ................................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 16 =====\n16 \n2 m c) Suggest two reasons why migrants from c…", "resource_refs": ["Text Box E1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E3", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "The Darién Gap", "question_number": "3", "marks": 3.0, "question": "3 m 3. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Text Box E1. \n \n Outline three threats that make crossing the Darién Gap extremely difficult for migrants. \n \nThreat 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nThreat 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nThreat 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .", "resource_refs": ["Text Box E1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_E4", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "E", "section_title": "The Darién Gap", "question_number": "4", "marks": 2.0, "question": "2 m 4. For this question, refer to Resource Booklet: Text Box E1. \n \n When Bajo Chiquito became the main reception centre for migrants, how might this have \nimpacted services and built environments in the village? Give at least four specific \nexamples. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n\n===== PAGE 17 =====\n17 \n \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ........…", "resource_refs": ["Text Box E1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F1", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Heat Island", "question_number": "1", "marks": 3.5, "question": "3.5 m 1. Draw an isopleth (air temperature) map for Birmingham and the surrounding urban area. \n Draw isopleths at 3.9, 4.2, 4.5, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, 5.5, 5.7 and 6.0 °C. \n Colour the map and fill in the legend. \n Note: air temperature data was for the night of February 19th 2014. The average \n temperature was 5.2 °C. \n \n \n \nStudent number: 21 \n\n===== PAGE 20 =====\n20 \n For this question, refer to Study Resource Booklet: Figure F1.", "resource_refs": ["Figure F1"], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F2", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Heat Island", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1.5, "question": "1.5 m 2. Analyse the satellite image and the map you drew in Q1. \n Identify the area of Birmingham where urban heat island has formed and describe the land \n use in the area identified. \n \nArea: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ \n \nLand use: ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F3", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Heat Island", "question_number": "3", "marks": 4.0, "question": "4 m 3. Explain four environmental impacts of urban heat islands worldwide. \nImpact 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nImpact 4: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ..…", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_wrt_F4", "year": 2025, "host": "Bangkok, Thailand", "test_type": "WRT", "section": "F", "section_title": "Urban Heat Island", "question_number": "4", "marks": 6.0, "question": "6 m 4. Name three strategies that cities can implement to mitigate the urban heat island effect \n and evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies you selected. \n \nStrategy 1: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEvaluation: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 2: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nEvaluation: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \n ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . \n \nStrategy 3: ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ \n \n ......................…", "resource_refs": [], "source_pdf": "2025-WRT-2025-Question-and-Answer-Booklet.pdf", "marking_pdf": "2025-WRT-Marking-Scheme.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_1996_fwe_Fieldwork", "year": 1996, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "Fieldwork", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n1996 iGeo – The Hague, The Netherlands \nThe Fieldwork \nThe structure of a typical coastal landscape \nIn general the beach can be divided into a zone with regular tidal influence and a higher part, inundated only \nwhen extreme high water levels occur. On this higher part of the beach some pioneer plants with high salt \ntolerance can settle. The dune landscape can be divided in: primary dunes, primary dune valleys and the dune \ncomplex. These morphological units have there own soil and vegetation characteristics (figure 7 + 8). \n \nNearby the sea the sediment contains lime, originating from fragmented shells. Therefore the plants near the \ncoast line have a high lime tolerance. With increasing distance from the coast line the lime content is diminishing \nand other (seconda", "source_pdf": "1996Fieldwork.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2002_fwe_FW_part_1", "year": 2002, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FW part 1", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n2002 iGeo - Durban, South Africa \nFieldwork Part 1 \n \nCBD of Durban \nDraw a labeled street transect. Complete the following tasks in the field: (1 hour maximum). Buses will be waiting \nat the corner of Aliwal and West Street. Location: From the corner of West and Grey Street to the corner of West \nand Aliwal Street (south facing buildings only). \n Construct a labeled transect of ground floor land-use activities along the West Street. \n 'Step out' the distance between different buildings to get a reasonably accurate measurement. \n Label the different land uses and distinguish between different kinds of activities, for example, a garage \nselling petrol and other goods, a café, a bookshop, etc. \n Indicate on the map where informal sellers are situated. \nGateway Shoppin", "source_pdf": "2002FWpart1.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2002_fwe_FW_part_2", "year": 2002, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FW part 2", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n2002 iGeo - Durban, South Africa \nFieldwork Part 2 \n \nCommercial activities \n Complete a neat, accurate copy of the transect along West Street from Grey Street to Aliwal Street on \nthe graph paper provided. Choose an appropriate scale. Indicate different kinds of land use types using \na key (shading or cross hatching). Label the activities on the transect. Show the location of informal \ntraders. (15) \n Tabulate (present as a table) the (a) similarities and (b) differences of commercial activities in the CBD \nof Durban and the regional shopping centre at Gateway. (10) \n Using your insights and experience at Gateway Shopping Centre to develop a diagram illustrating the \nproblems caused by the decentralization of regional shopping centres. (10)", "source_pdf": "2002FWpart2.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2006_fwe_FWT_q2", "year": 2006, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWT", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2006iGeo_FWT.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2008_fwe_FWT", "year": 2008, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWT", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\nInternational Geography Olympiad 2008 \nFieldwork Test \n \n[Note there were three components to the Fieldwork Test.] \n \nMapping exercise 1 \n \nAttached is a very basic map of the area that you have to map in more detail. \nAll that is indicated on the map are: the road and bridge, farm buildings and tracks, \nwater reservoir and well and a few contour lines. \n \nComplete the map by also indicating landforms and land use. \n \nChoose appropriate symbols, labels and colours and complete the legend. \n \nYou have 1 hour to complete this mapping exercise. \nThis exercise is worth 10 marks. \nWork individually. Working cooperatively with others will result in a penalty.", "source_pdf": "2008iGeo_FWT.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_fwe_FWT_q1", "year": 2010, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWT", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_FWT_all_questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2010_fwe_FWT_q2", "year": 2010, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWT", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2010iGeo_FWT_all_questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2013_fwe_FWT_resources", "year": 2013, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWT resources", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n \r  10th \r  International \r  Geography \r  Olympiad \r  FIELDWORK \r  iGeo \r  Kyoto \r  2013 \r   \n \nCity \r  and \r  Water \r   \r   \r   Resource \r  booklet \r   \r  NAME[ \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r ] \r  TEAM[ \r \r \r \r \r \r ] \r NO[ \r \r \r \r \r \r \r \r ] \r   \r   \r   \r  \n\n===== PAGE 2 =====\n \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r   \r  \n\n===== PAGE 3 =====\nIntroduction \r   \r  Many \r  Japanese \r  cities \r  have \r  evolved \r  as \r  a \r  consequence \r  of \r  the \r  availability \r  and \r  use \r  of \r  local \r  water. \r  In \r  the \r  pre-­‐modern \r  era, \r  water \r  was \r  used \r  for \r  variety \r  of \r  purposes \r  in \r  urban \r  areas \r  (transportation, \r  drinking", "source_pdf": "2013iGeo_FWT_resourcebooklet.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_fwe_FWE_task1A", "year": 2014, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE", "question_number": "1A", "section_title": "Field work: observation and recording of field data", "marks": null, "question": "Field work: observation and recording of field data", "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_fwe_FWE_task1B", "year": 2014, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE", "question_number": "1B", "section_title": "Mapping and analysis of the uses of public space student number: ……………", "marks": null, "question": "Mapping and analysis of the uses of public space student number: ……………", "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2014_fwe_FWE_task2", "year": 2014, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Field work exercise: using field data creatively", "marks": null, "question": "Field work exercise: using field data creatively", "source_pdf": "2014iGeo_FWE_questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task1_task1", "year": 2015, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1 Task1", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "1", "marks": null, "question": "1", "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task1.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task2_task1", "year": 2015, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1 Task2", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "2", "marks": null, "question": "2", "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task2.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task3_task1", "year": 2015, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1 Task3", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "3", "marks": null, "question": "3", "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task3.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-1_Task4_task1", "year": 2015, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1 Task4", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "4", "marks": null, "question": "4", "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-1_task4.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2015_fwe_FWE-2_task2", "year": 2015, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "1. Staritsa’s changing zone of influence (maximum 6 marks).", "marks": 6, "question": "1. Staritsa’s changing zone of influence (maximum 6 marks).", "source_pdf": "2015iGeo_FWE-2_task.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-1_task1", "year": 2016, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayuandongqu", "marks": null, "question": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayuandongqu", "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-1_task2", "year": 2016, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Water management – Beixiaohe River [9 marks]", "marks": 9, "question": "Water management – Beixiaohe River [9 marks]", "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-1_task3", "year": 2016, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "3", "section_title": "Traffic junction and subway station [11 marks]", "marks": 11, "question": "Traffic junction and subway station [11 marks]", "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-1test.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-2_task1", "year": 2016, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayandongqu", "marks": null, "question": "Sustainability and liveability – Wangjing Huayandongqu", "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-2_task2", "year": 2016, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Water management – Beixiaohe River", "marks": null, "question": "Water management – Beixiaohe River", "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2016_fwe_FWE-2_task3", "year": 2016, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "3", "section_title": "Traffic junction and subway station", "marks": null, "question": "Traffic junction and subway station", "source_pdf": "2016iGeo_FWE-2test.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_fwe_FWE-1A_task1A", "year": 2017, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1A", "question_number": "1A", "section_title": "Student number", "marks": null, "question": "Student number", "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1A.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_fwe_FWE-1B_task1B", "year": 2017, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1B", "question_number": "1B", "section_title": "Student number", "marks": null, "question": "Student number", "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_FWE-1_TASK-1B.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2017_fwe_FWE-2_q4", "year": 2017, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2017iGeo_FWE-2.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-1A_task1A", "year": 2018, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1A", "question_number": "1A", "section_title": "Student Number", "marks": null, "question": "Student Number", "source_pdf": "FWE-1A-QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-1B_task1B", "year": 2018, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1B", "question_number": "1B", "section_title": "Student Number", "marks": null, "question": "Student Number", "source_pdf": "FWE-1B_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-2_task1", "year": 2018, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "Baie-Saint-Paul", "marks": null, "question": "Baie-Saint-Paul", "source_pdf": "FWE-2_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2018_fwe_FWE-2_task2", "year": 2018, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Boisé du Quai – Bay Area", "marks": null, "question": "Boisé du Quai – Bay Area", "source_pdf": "FWE-2_QUESTION_2018iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Task1_task1", "year": 2019, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE Task1", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "Student Number", "marks": null, "question": "Student Number", "source_pdf": "FWE_Task1_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Task2_task2", "year": 2019, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE Task2", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Student Number", "marks": null, "question": "Student Number", "source_pdf": "FWE_Task2_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q1", "year": 2019, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE Test", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q2", "year": 2019, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE Test", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q3", "year": 2019, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE Test", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2019_fwe_FWE_Test_q4", "year": 2019, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE Test", "question_number": "4", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "FWE_Test_QP_2019iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q1", "year": 2021, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-I", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q2", "year": 2021, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-I", "question_number": "2", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q3", "year": 2021, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-I", "question_number": "3", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q5", "year": 2021, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-I", "question_number": "5", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-I_q7", "year": 2021, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-I", "question_number": "7", "marks": null, "question": null, "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE-I-Tasks.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-II_task2", "year": 2021, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-II", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "1 - Calculate the population density of sites near Ataturk urban forest", "marks": null, "question": "1 - Calculate the population density of sites near Ataturk urban forest", "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE_II-Tasks-and-resources.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2021_fwe_FWE-II_taskC", "year": 2021, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-II", "question_number": "C", "section_title": "ontinues on next slide.", "marks": null, "question": "ontinues on next slide.", "source_pdf": "2021iGeo_FWE_II-Tasks-and-resources.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_fwe_FWE-1", "year": 2022, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n18thInternationalGeographyOlympiadParis,France 12th-18thJuly2022FieldworkExercisePartI Tasks\n\n===== PAGE 2 =====\nDeariGEOparticipant,BeforestartingyourvirtualtripoftheLower RiverSeine,pleasereadtheseguidelines.1.YouhavetheprintedmapoftheFWE-Iarea.Usethismaptoorientateyourself.2.Thesequenceofmovingfromonetask toanotherisinnumericorder:Task 1(Start)→Task2→Task 3→Task4→Task5→(Finish).3.Youmaymove fromonetasktoanotherandreturntoprevious tasksifyouwish.4.Foreachtask youwillgetactivitiesyouneedtocomplete.5.ForFWE-Iyoucangainamaximumof15marks.6.Youaretodecideforhowlongyouwillbe“staying”ateachtask.7.AnswersshouldbewritteninEnglishontheResponseSheet.Foranswersuseadarkblueorblack pen.DonotforgettowriteyourparticipantcodeintheupperrightcornerofallpagesoftheResponse Sheet.8.Thispr", "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_FWE-1_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2022_fwe_FWE-2_task2", "year": 2022, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "1", "marks": null, "question": "1", "source_pdf": "2022iGeo_FWE-2_Tasks-and-Resources.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_fwe_FWE-2_task2", "year": 2023, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Analysis Session", "marks": null, "question": "Analysis Session", "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_FWE-2.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_fwe_FWE-2_taskG", "year": 2023, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "G", "section_title": "uideline", "marks": null, "question": "uideline", "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_FWE-2.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2023_fwe_FWE_Intro", "year": 2023, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE Intro", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\nIntroduction to\nField Work Exercise\nBandung, 9 August 2023\n\n===== PAGE 2 =====\nEven though its 'small', Bandung is one of the largest and most \nwell developed cities in Indonesia\nHas a population density of...\n14,713 per km2\nHas a GDP of... \nU$ 20 Billion\nHas a per capita GDP of...\nU$ 8,160/capita\nHas the...\nFirst HSR in Southern Hemisphere\nHome to...\n2,461,553 People \nFun Facts about Bandung!\n\n===== PAGE 3 =====\nIt's also the nucleus of the Greater Bandung metropolitan area\nGreater Bandung is a metropolitan area in West Java that consist of 5 cities \nand regencies inside the 'bandung basin' which include:\nGreater Bandung\nBandung Acts as the Core!\n• Bandung City\n• Cimahi City\n• Bandung Regency\n• West Bandung Regency\n• Sumedang Regency (partially)\nHas a population dens", "source_pdf": "2023iGeo_FWE_Introduction.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_fwe_FWE-1_taskB", "year": 2024, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "B", "section_title": "1 Observe the street. Notice how people use the street pavement and roads, e.g. walking, scooting, c", "marks": null, "question": "1 Observe the street. Notice how people use the street pavement and roads, e.g. walking, scooting, c", "source_pdf": "FWE-1_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_fwe_FWE-1_taskC", "year": 2024, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "C", "section_title": "1 Find a safe position where you can see Maynooth Train Station.", "marks": null, "question": "1 Find a safe position where you can see Maynooth Train Station.", "source_pdf": "FWE-1_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2024_fwe_FWE-2", "year": 2024, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "1", "marks": null, "question": "===== PAGE 1 =====\n 1 \n \n \nIRELAND 2024 \n20th International Geography Olympiad \n20th August 2024 - Fieldwork Exercise \nAFTERNOON – PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY \n \nBooklet D for Problem Solving Activity (PSA) \nStudent number \nPlease insert your student number: \n2 0 \n \n \n \nGeneral Instructions \nStudents educated in English will have 1 hour 30 minutes to write this test. \nStudents not educated in English will be provided with 20 extra minutes, 1 hour and 50 minutes. \nRemember to use your maps, information booklet and work from this morning. \n \nMarks \nThe examiners will complete this table, please leave blank: \n \n \n \nQuestion Mark \nActivity PSA1 / 8 \nActivity PSA 2 / 4 \nActivity PSA3 / 8 \nActivity PSA4 / 14 \nActivity PSA4 / 6 \n1, 2 / 12 \n3, 4, 5 / 28 \nTotal for PSA / 40 \n\n===== PAGE 2 ====", "source_pdf": "FWE-2_Student-booklet_2024iGeo.pdf", "extraction": "file_unit"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-1_task1", "year": 2025, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "Observe and Sketch the Image (10 marks).", "marks": 10, "question": "Observe and Sketch the Image (10 marks).", "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-1_task2", "year": 2025, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Observe and Collect Data on Human Activities and Vegetation (20 marks).", "marks": 20, "question": "Observe and Collect Data on Human Activities and Vegetation (20 marks).", "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-1_taskM", "year": 2025, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-1", "question_number": "M", "section_title": "anagement: The survey and data collection will be conducted along two", "marks": null, "question": "anagement: The survey and data collection will be conducted along two", "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-1.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-2_task1", "year": 2025, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "1", "section_title": "Numerical, Graphical, and Geographical skills (16 marks)", "marks": 16, "question": "Numerical, Graphical, and Geographical skills (16 marks)", "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-2.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_2025_fwe_FWE-2_task2", "year": 2025, "test_type": "FWE", "exercise": "FWE-2", "question_number": "2", "section_title": "Mapping, Interpretation and Analysis of Observational Data", "marks": null, "question": "Mapping, Interpretation and Analysis of Observational Data", "source_pdf": "2025-FWE-Student-Booklet-2.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q01", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "1", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 01 In which country were the following photographs taken?\nA\nB\nC\nD\nNew Caledonia\nPapua New \nGuinea\nSamoa\nFiji\nSources: https://www.goway.com/destinations/south-pacific/papua-new-\nguinea/cruise\nhttps://www.mappr.co/capital-cities/papua-new-guinea/\nhttps://www.wendyperrin.com/destination/insiders-guide-papua-new-guinea/\nhttps://www.skyscanner.net/hotels/papua-new-guinea/port-moresby-\nhotels/lamana-hotel/ht-124322076\nhttps://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rbopar1/cur/introduction?media=photo\ns\n\n===== PAGE 5 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q02", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "2", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 02 What natural process is most likely responsible for the landscape \ntransformation observed in the satellite images?\nA\nB\nAn effusive eruption \nfrom a fissure\nAn oil spill from a \nruptured pipeline\nC The expansion of a \nwildfire\nD The sudden land \ncollapse by melting \npermafrost\nIntensionally blanked\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/fresh-flows-spread-across-iceland-152631/\n\n===== PAGE 6 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q03", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "3", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 03 Referring to the planetary boundaries diagrams, which of the following statements best \ndescribes the status of the “biosphere integrity” (biodiversity loss) boundary in 2023?\nA It has been exceeded, suggesting \nunsustainable rates of species extinction.\nB It is approaching the boundary but remains \nwithin the safe zone.\nC It is currently within the safe operating space, \nwith minimal risk.\nD It is not yet defined within the planetary \nboundaries framework.\nSource: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/news--events/doing-business-within-planetary-boundaries/chapter-1-a-planet-under-pressure.html\n\n===== PAGE 7 =====\n. .\n.X\n. .\n.X\nStrategies of \nethnocultural groups", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q04", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "4", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 04\nA Assimilation and Melting pot\nB Integration and Multiculturalism\nC Marginalisation and Exclusion\nD Separation and Segregation\nWhich approaches are most likely for place X as shown in the diagram?\nIssue 1: Maintenance of heritage cultural identity \nIssue 2: \nRelations \nsought \namong \ngroups \nStrategies of \nlarger society\n+\n+\n-\n-\n+\n+- -\n-\nSource: https://doi.org/10.1037/10472-004\n\n===== PAGE 8 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q05", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "5", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 05 What does the following graph represent?\nA\nB\nC\nD Vehicle production\nImmigrant population\nNuclear power \ngeneration\nGross domestic product\nSource: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nuclear_power_generation_in_different_countries.svg\n\n===== PAGE 9 =====\nBased on the schematic, which environmental concern would most \nlikely be associated with the desalination process shown?", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q06", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "6", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 06\nA The reduction of \nunderground freshwater \nrecharge due to changes in \nland use\nB\nC\nD\nThe release of concentrated \nbrine into the sea, \npotentially harming marine \nlife\nThe competition between \nvegetation and \ninfrastructure for freshwater \nallocation\nThe increased likelihood of \nlocalised flooding from \nsurface water \nmismanagement\nSource: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/desalination-plant-desalt-saline-water-gm690645396-127312293 \n\n===== PAGE 10 =====\nWhat might be a long-term consequence if the Gulf of Maine continues \nwarming at the current rate?", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q07", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "7", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 07\nA Ocean temperatures \nworldwide will increase at \na similar pace\nB\nC\nD\nRegional climate patterns \nin the Gulf will become \nmore predictable\nMarine species could \nmigrate to cooler ocean \nregions\nThe rising temperature \ntrend will stop without \nhuman intervention\nUnited \nStates\nSources: \nhttps://www.neaq.org/exhibit/gulf-of-maine/\nhttps://gmri.org/stories/2024-gulf-of-maine-warming-update/\n\n===== PAGE 11 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q08", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "8", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 08 What pattern does this diagram represent?\nA Cultural Diffusion\nB Flow of Labour\nC Spread of Diseases\nD Urbanisation\ndirectionality\ninitial location\nSource: \nhttps://thebritishgeographer.weebly.com/the-\nspread-of-disease-and-its-management.html\n\n===== PAGE 12 =====\nIn which of the following scenarios would this urban model be most \neffectively used to explain urban spatial patterns?\nAnalysing residential zones in \nGlobal North cities with \ndecentralised business hubs\nDescribing factory-based city \ngrowth in the early 20th-century \nindustrial era\nExamining informal settlements in \nperi-urban megacity zones\nInterpreting migration-driven city \nstructures in the Global South since \n2010", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q09", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "9", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 09\nA\nB\nC\nD\nSource: https://taylorgeoitalyisawesome.wordpress.com/2015/05/10/urban-model-multiple-nuclei/\n\n===== PAGE 13 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q10", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "10", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 10 Which point on the map is most likely to be represented by the national population \npyramid shown? \nSources: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:South_Africa_Population_Pyramid_2011_estimates.png\nhttps://www.istockphoto.com/vector/world-map-illustration-gm1311340325-400470881\n\n===== PAGE 14 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q11", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "11", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 11 This map represents observed and predicted growth in Nairobi between \n1986 and 2023. What urban challenge best explains the widespread and \nfragmented growth pattern?\nA The expansion of high-rise \nresidential developments\nB\nThe improved public \nhealthcare and service \ndelivery\nC\nThe growth of informal and \nunplanned settlements\nD\nThe increase in affordable \nhousing supply by the \ngovernment\n Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Urban-growth-simulation-in-Nairobi-in-scenario-two-\n2030_fig9_260420063\n\n===== PAGE 15 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q12", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "12", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 12 How does the rail network shown on the map contribute to Argentina’s \neconomic geography?\nIt facilitates export of \nagricultural products from \ninland regions\nIt improves access between \nrural communities and cities\nIt links large car production \nsites directly to overseas \nmarkets\nIt reduces trade dependence on \nArgentina’s landlocked \nneighbours.\nA\nB\nC\nD\nCity of Buenos \nAiresSubway\nSubway U/C\nLight Rail\nNational rails\nSource: https://www.liberallandscape.org/2019/04/15/pedestrian-priority-in-buenos-aires/\n\n===== PAGE 16 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q13", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "13", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 13 Which geographic characteristic best explains the distribution of the \nworld’s major wheat-producing areas as shown on the map?\nA Broad flatlands that \nsupport large-scale \nfarming\nB\nC\nD\nClose distance to \ninternational trade \nports\nHigh population \ndensities and urban \ncentres\nMountainous terrain \nthat conserves soil \nnutrients\nSource: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_4\n\n===== PAGE 17 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q14", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "14", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 14 What urban issue is clearly illustrated by the spatial contrast shown in the \naerial image?\nA\nClear enforcement of urban green \nbelt zoning policies\nB\nDeepening economic inequality \nand spatial segregation\nC\nEffective launch of smart city \ndevelopment strategies\nD\nSlowing rates of rural-to-urban \nmigration\nSource: \nhttps://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/n\news-trends/article/2160208/drone-\nimages-india-south-africa-offer-birds-eye-\nview\n\n===== PAGE 18 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q15", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "15", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 15\nA Both images show breccia rocks, indicating earthquake activity. \nB\nC\nD\nWhich statement is true about these images from Mars and Earth?\nBoth images show conglomerate rocks, indicating an abundance of liquid. \nBoth images show granite rocks, indicating volcanic activity. \nBoth images show slate rocks, indicating contact metamorphism.\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/resource/rock-outcrops-on-mars-and-earth/\n\n===== PAGE 19 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q16", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "16", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 16 The following diagram shows the global distribution of a landform. What is \nthe specific type of landform?\nA\nB\nC\nD Yardangs\nFjords\nNunataks\nDrumlins\nSource: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Global-distribution-of-fjords_fig1_339626378\n\n===== PAGE 20 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q17", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "17", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 17 What environmental factor likely influenced the site selection for this solar \nproject?\nArid climate allows \nconsistent energy output\nMountainous site for wind \nenergy potential\nRemote site to avoid town \nconflicts\nRocky ground supports \nlarge structures\nA\nB\nC\nD\nSource: http://en.sasac.gov.cn/2019/01/31/c_813.htm\n\n===== PAGE 21 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q18", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "18", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 18 Which of the following spaces best fulfils Oldenburg’s definition of a \n“Third place”?\nA A shared workspace that requires \nregistration to access\nB\nC\nD\nA community café where people \nfrom different walks of life gather \nspontaneously\nA residential garden courtyard \nshared by tenants, especially \nfamilies\nA university study zone designed \nfor focused, individual work and \nquietude.\nSource: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3056754&ref=dsebastien.net\n\n===== PAGE 22 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q19", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "19", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 19 To which number does the mass movement depicted correspond?\nA\nB\nC\nDGreater integration of outlying cities into \na balanced urban network\nStabilisation of growth in the dominant city \ndue to decentralisation pressures\nThe map shows an urban system where one city dominates in size relative \nto others. Based on this spatial pattern, if current growth trends continue, \nwhich economic effect is most likely to occur?\nIncreased innovation in smaller cities as they \ncompete for investment\nAmplification of regional inequality due \nto uneven capital and labour flows\nSource: \nhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w\niki/File:Proportional_circle_Turke\ny_city_town_population_map_20\n12.png\n\n===== PAGE 23 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q20", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "20", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 20 What geographic topic is referred to in this song?\nA\nB\nC\nD Volcanic activity\nMass movement\nPlate tectonics\nErosion\nSource: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xwGO2Qkwww\n\n===== PAGE 24 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q21", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "21", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 21 To which number does the mass movement depicted correspond?\nA\nB\nC\nDCommunity resilience to \ndisrupted spaces\nNegative labelling of conflict zones\nWhich geographical concept best explains the human response to \ndestruction in the image?\nIrregular housing patterns in citiesAdaptive use of transitional \nenvironments\nSource: \nhttps://www.straitstimes.com/world/mid\ndle-east/children-play-in-rubble-of-\ngaza-for-eid-holiday\n\n===== PAGE 25 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q22", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "22", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 22 What is the barometric pressure at Reykjavik, Iceland?\nA\nB\nC\nD 1028mb\n1007mb\n1021mb\n1000mb\nSource: https://www.surfertoday.com/surfing/how-to-\nread-a-weather-map\n\n===== PAGE 26 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q23", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "23", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 23 Which statement about the weather and geographical features in this landscape is \nmost likely correct?\nA Advance of a cold front over a downstream part of a river.\nB Advance of a cold front over an upstream part of a river.\nC Advance of a warm front over a downstream part of a river.\nD MaltaAdvance of a warm front over an upstream part of a river.\nSource: https://artofmuseums.com/products/mmoa0007cole\n\n===== PAGE 27 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q24", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "24", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 24 Which of the options provided explains the cross-cultural process \nrepresented by BLACKPINK’s incorporation of a 19th-century Western \nclassical violin theme into a 21st-century K-pop track?\nA\nB\nC\nDCultural ascendency Cultural hybridisation \nCultural hegemony Cultural appropriation \nNiccolò Paganini \"III. Rondo à La Clochette\"Blackpink Shut Down\nSources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POe9SOEKotk \nhttps://www.whosampled.com/Niccol%C3%B2-Paganini/III.-Rondo-%C3%A0-La-Clochette/\n\n===== PAGE 28 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q25", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "25", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 25 This NASA satellite image, described as showing “rivers of gold,” is linked \nto human activity in a tropical region. What is the most likely \nenvironmental impact associated with this activity?\nA\nB\nC\nDContamination of waterways due to \nmercury usage in mining.\nIncrease of mangrove area due to extra \nnatural fertilization.\nIncreased glacial melting due to greater \nsolar radiation absorption.\nAccelerated desertification due to \nwind erosion.\nSource: \nhttps://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Search\nPhotos/photo.pl?mission=ISS0\n64&roll=E&frame=16203\n\n===== PAGE 29 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q26", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "26", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 26 The graphs illustrate changes in water levels at three sites over a 24-hour \nperiod. What do these graphs portray?\nA\nB\nC\nDFluctuations in water surface \nlevels due to thermal expansion\nTidal height patterns across \ndifferent coastal areas \nVariations in sea surface \ntemperature across regions\nDaily flood peaks during the \nmonsoon season\nSemidiurnal Mixed Semidiurnal Diurnal\nTime (hrs) Time (hrs) Time (hrs)\nSource: https://www.algebralab.org/practice/practice.aspx?file=Reading_Tides.xml\n\n===== PAGE 30 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q27", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "27", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 27 What does the following map represent? \nA % of electricity generation \nfrom renewable sources\nB % of people speaking local \ndialects \nC % of households with \ninternet access\nD % of population living in \nurban areas\nSource: https://www.geocurrents.info/blog/2012/07/04/mapping-renewable-electricity-generation/\n\n===== PAGE 31 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q28", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "28", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 28 Based on the image, which option describes the time of day and season \nfor New Zealand?\nA\nB\nC\nD Winter morning\nSummer morning\nWinter afternoon\nSummer afternoon\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-\nobservatory/how-on-earth-was-this-image-made/ \n\n===== PAGE 32 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q29", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "29", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 29 Based on the geological features and labelled structures on the map, \nwhich of the following volcano classifications best describes Santorini?\nA\nB\nC\nD Stratovolcano\nLava Plateau\nShield Volcano\nCinder Cone\nSource: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-\nSeismotectonic-map-for-the-region-of-Southern-Aegean-\nB-Active-faults-of-the_fig1_270293778\n\n===== PAGE 33 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q30", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "30", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 30 What do the images suggest about the impact of global efforts to address \nozone depletion?\nA\nB\nC\nD Recovery started right after \n1980s agreements.\nOzone levels stayed constant \nwith little change.\nOzone kept thinning with no \nsigns of recovery.\nOzone loss slowed after 2000, \nshowing policy impact.\nTotal ozon (Dobson units)\nSource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/watching-the-ozone-hole-before-and-after-the-montreal-protocol-79198/\n\n===== PAGE 34 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q31", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "31", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 31 What thematic information is represented by the patterns and regional \ngroupings on this map of Europe?\nA\nB\nC\nD Vegetation types shaped by \nclimate and land use\nClimate zones defined by \ntemperature and precipitation\nSoil types based on \ncomposition and regional \ngeography\nAreas of different seismic risk \nacross Europe\nSource: https://www.zrss.si/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/SS_drzavna-stopnja_pola-1.pdf\n\n===== PAGE 35 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q32", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "32", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 32 Which of the following is NOT an outcome of gentrification affecting the urban poor?\nA New middle-class residents will make \ndaily goods and services less affordable \nfor poorer residents.\nB Higher income newcomers raise rental \ncosts, displacing original residents.\nC More businesses boost the local economy \nand improve employment opportunities.\nD Upscale food establishments increase \nfood variety and accessibility for the \nurban poor.\nSource: https://truthout.org/art/summer-refreshment-gentrification/\n\n===== PAGE 36 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q33", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "33", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 33 The map shows the fertility rate in 2023. Which of the following \nconclusions is supported by the map?\nA\nB\nC\nDMost countries in Europe have fertility \nrates below the replacement level.\nGlobally, the majority of countries have \nfertility rates under 4 births per woman.\nThe highest fertility rates are concentrated \nin Sub-Saharan Africa. \nMost Asian countries have fertility rates \nbetween 2 and 4 births per woman.\nSource: https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate\n\n===== PAGE 37 =====\nC", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q34", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "34", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 34 Which satellite image is illustrated with the correct weather symbols? ​\nL\nH\n H\nL\nA B\nD\nSource: \nhttps://www.severe-\nweather.eu/global-\nweather/wet-cold-\naustralian-winter-\ndefying-el-nino-alert-\nofficial-winter-weather-\nforecast-bh/\n\n===== PAGE 38 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q35", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "35", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 35 What type of resource is shown on the map provided?\nA\nB\nC\nD Speculative \nresource\nProven resource\nRenewable resource\nConditional \nresource\nSource: \nhttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-\nshowing-the-AUs-of-the-CARA-is-color-coded-\nfor-mean-estimated-undiscovered-oil-\nOnly_fig3_26249371\n\n===== PAGE 39 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q36", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "36", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 36 Based on the Global Growth Forecasts for 2024, which general statement \nabout regional economic projections is most accurate?\nA\nB\nC\nD South American economies \nare expected to universally \noutperform other continents.\nMany established European \neconomies are forecast to \nexperience relatively modest \ngrowth\nNorth American nations are \nlargely anticipating significant \neconomic expansion\nEconomies in the Asian \ncontinent are projected for \nuniformly high growth\nSource: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/gdp-growth-forecasts-by-country-in-2024/\n\n===== PAGE 40 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q37", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "37", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 37 Which of the following options best explains the \"decoupling\" \nphenomenon illustrated in the graph?\nA\nB\nC\nD Urbanization reduced \nagricultural land\nImproved data tracking \nsupported more efficient \nland use.\nDietary shifts reduced land-\nintensive product demand\nTechnological advances \nimproved crop yields\nSource: https://ourworldindata.org/peak-agriculture-land?utm_campaign=mb&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_source=chatgpt.com\n\n===== PAGE 41 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q38", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "38", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 38 What central tension regarding tourism does the cartoon highlight?\nA\nB\nC\nD The differing expectations tourists \nand locals have regarding the pace \nand style of daily life in popular \ndestinations.\nThe challenges cities face in \nmanaging large tourist populations \nversus the need for urban \ndevelopment. \nThe struggle between tourists' \npursuit of perceived realism and \nlocal residents' experience of \ndisruption.\nThe conflict between tourist \ndemands for digital content versus \nlocal desires for economic growth. \nSource: https://www.pagina21.eu/emanuele-del-rosso-24/libex/\n\n===== PAGE 42 =====\nA 1 and 2\nB 1 and 3\nC 2 and 4\nD 3 and 4\n1 2\n3", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q39", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "39", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 39 To engage the local community, a Geopark organized a geological dessert \nbake-off. \nWhich of these four culinary geological features relate to divergent plate \nmovement? \nSources: \nhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/geolsoc/139571\n11120/in/set-72157644551255832\nhttps://blog.geolsoc.org.uk/2018/07/06/plate-\ntectonic-stories-competition-the-\nresults/hannah-moss-davies/\nhttps://blog.geolsoc.org.uk/2017/06/16/the-\n2017-great-geobakeoff-the-results/\nhttps://www.reddit.com/r/geology/comments/1h\n6qbb7/transform_fault_cake/\n4\n\n===== PAGE 43 =====", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
-{"id": "igeo_mmt_sample_q40", "year": null, "test_type": "MMT", "question_number": "40", "marks": 1, "question": "Q 40\nA\nB\nC\nD\nBelgian Remco Evenepoel won the Olympic cycling road race at the 2024 Paris \nOlympics. Where is the camera located?\nA B\nC\nD\nSources: https://www.etsy.com/no-\nen/listing/79747098/map-champ-de-mars-\nfrance-french-paris\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6Om072d\nfbU\n\n===== PAGE 44 =====\n• You have reached the last slide of the Multimedia \nTest.\n• Click on the arrow (↑ ←) to go back to the previous \npage(s) if you want to check your answers.\n• For fast navigation:\nClick here to go back to question 1\nClick here to go back to question 10\nClick here to go back to question 20\nClick here to go back to question 30\n• Wait silently until the time is over. \nDO NOT CLICK ON THE ESCAPE BUTTON, AS \nTHAT ENDS THE PRESENTATION.\nThe last slide", "source_pdf": "MMT-Sample-Questions.pdf", "extraction": "pdf_text", "format": "multiple_choice"}
diff --git a/benchmark/iGeo/summary.json b/benchmark/iGeo/summary.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 0adfaf8afe7d26dafa0d924079270c5517c1b546..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/benchmark/iGeo/summary.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "dataset": "iGeo",
-  "full_name": "International Geography Olympiad",
-  "source": "https://geoolympiad.org/document-library/",
-  "grading": "RULE (keyed short answers) + RUBRIC (open fieldwork / extended response)",
-  "totals": {
-    "WRT": 505,
-    "FWE": 55,
-    "MMT": 40,
-    "all": 600
-  },
-  "coverage": {
-    "WRT_years": [
-      1996,
-      2006,
-      2008,
-      2010,
-      2012,
-      2013,
-      2014,
-      2015,
-      2016,
-      2017,
-      2018,
-      2019,
-      2021,
-      2022,
-      2023,
-      2024,
-      2025
-    ],
-    "FWE_years": [
-      1996,
-      2002,
-      2006,
-      2008,
-      2010,
-      2013,
-      2014,
-      2015,
-      2016,
-      2017,
-      2018,
-      2019,
-      2021,
-      2022,
-      2023,
-      2024,
-      2025
-    ],
-    "MMT": "sample only"
-  },
-  "notes": [
-    "Counts are scored response units (numbered WRT items / lettered parts, FWE tasks, MMT MCQs).",
-    "PDF sources remain in this folder; this JSON is the structured index.",
-    "Some older/scanned PDFs have partial text extraction; question text may be null."
-  ],
-  "wrt_by_year": [
-    {
-      "year": 1996,
-      "host": "The Hague, Netherlands",
-      "sections": 1,
-      "max_marks": 100,
-      "question_count": 4
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2006,
-      "host": "Brisbane, Australia",
-      "sections": 11,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 41
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2008,
-      "host": "Carthage, Tunisia",
-      "sections": 7,
-      "max_marks": 80,
-      "question_count": 40
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2010,
-      "host": "Taipei, Taiwan",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 80,
-      "question_count": 35
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2012,
-      "host": "Cologne, Germany",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 30
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2013,
-      "host": "Kyoto, Japan",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 30
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2014,
-      "host": "Kraków, Poland",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 30
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2015,
-      "host": "Tver, Russia",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 36
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2016,
-      "host": "Beijing, China",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 34
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2017,
-      "host": "Belgrade, Serbia",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 28
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2018,
-      "host": "Québec, Canada",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 31
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2019,
-      "host": "Hong Kong, China",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 30
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2021,
-      "host": "Istanbul, Turkey",
-      "sections": 5,
-      "max_marks": 75,
-      "question_count": 25
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2022,
-      "host": "Paris, France",
-      "sections": 5,
-      "max_marks": 75,
-      "question_count": 23
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2023,
-      "host": "Bandung, Indonesia",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 30
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2024,
-      "host": "Dublin, Ireland",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 30
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2025,
-      "host": "Bangkok, Thailand",
-      "sections": 6,
-      "max_marks": 90,
-      "question_count": 28
-    }
-  ],
-  "fwe_by_year": [
-    {
-      "year": 1996,
-      "question_count": 1
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2002,
-      "question_count": 2
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2006,
-      "question_count": 1
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2008,
-      "question_count": 1
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2010,
-      "question_count": 2
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2013,
-      "question_count": 1
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2014,
-      "question_count": 3
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2015,
-      "question_count": 5
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2016,
-      "question_count": 6
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2017,
-      "question_count": 3
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2018,
-      "question_count": 4
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2019,
-      "question_count": 6
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2021,
-      "question_count": 7
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2022,
-      "question_count": 2
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2023,
-      "question_count": 3
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2024,
-      "question_count": 3
-    },
-    {
-      "year": 2025,
-      "question_count": 5
-    }
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file