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train_400 | What is described in this image? | completely anisotropic pitches prepared from the model compounds acenaphthylene, anthracene, naphthalene, and from a petroleum-derived pitch. The DSC curve determined for a completely anisotropic pitch from naphthalene is shown in Fig 3. Glass transitions could not be observed for mesophase pitches which coatained appr... | |
train_401 | What is described in this image? | In Figure 14A, we show the effect of ß on the relaxation time of salicin-like compounds heated at 10 ℃/min after annealing. This figure is the counterpart to Figure 12A (which focuses on D) in that all curves have the same initial fictive temperature as that of real salicin after 16 h of annealing at 25 °C. The closer ... | |
train_402 | What is described in this image? | Three points bending test machine (MT3005) is used to determine the maximum flexural strength σ and the Young's Modulus E for some specimens of bounded fibers showing in Fig. 4. Loads P (N) and deflection 8 (mm) are recorded and tabulated in Table 2. | |
train_403 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 The XRD patterns of Cu-Al-Ni SMA samples aged under different pressure in equal times; a 0 MPa (Homogenous) b 186 MPa c 372 MPa d 558 MPa e 745 MPa f 930 MPa Structural analysis of CuAINi SMA samples aged under different pressures at equal times of 5 min was investigated using X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffractio... | |
train_404 | What is described in this image? | To further verify whether the first endothermic reaction before the glass transition is the thermal ß relaxation, the step-scanning DSC method was applied to measure the heat capacity curve with temperature [48,49]. The detailed temperature program is presented in Fig. 4(a). Based on the previous studies on thermal ß r... | |
train_405 | What is described in this image? | When the two powders were mixed at the mass ratio of 1:1 w/w, the main FTIR features of the resulting liquid mixture are presented in Figure 4. Initially, bands broadening between 2652 cm™ to 2924 cm represents typical structural disorder attributed to the loss in the crystalline structure of molecules. This is due to... | |
train_406 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 gives an overview of the hydrogen content evolution of both materials in the undeformed condition as a function of the hydrogen charging time. All data points shown on this figure are averaged over several measurements, with error bars. Based on these results a charging time of 1 h was considered to be sufficien... | |
train_407 | What is described in this image? | When extracted in water, these polysaccharides can produce highly viscous solution with a slimy appearance. Therefore, the highly viscous property of Okra gum may be useful as a retarding polymer in the formulation of sustained release tablets (Figure 1). | |
train_408 | What is described in this image? | of the alloys show very close correlation with the critical casting thickness values (Fig. 4). Indeed, Fig. 4-Relationship between the critical casting thickness (Dmus) | |
train_409 | What is described in this image? | IR techniques were employed. Figure 4A illustrates the 1H Figure 4. (A) 1H NMR spectra of the 4PCL-U in CDCl3 and DMSO- NMR spectra of the 4PCL-U and the protons H2, Hb, and He which in CDCl3 shifted downfield compared with that in DMSO-do, indicating these protons were involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Figure... | |
train_410 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5. The effects of the collection method of the spincoated films after floating on water during film preparation, whether it be by the use of a Teflon plate or tweezers, are shown in Figure 5. We expected that the films collected and stacked on the Teflon plate would show slightly elevated Tgs, similar to those o... | |
train_411 | What is described in this image? | nanocomposite and presented in Figure 8 and Table 3. From Figure 8 and Table 3, we know that the tensile strength and Young's modulus of GO1/PVA nanocomposite significantly increased by 30% and 80%, respectively, as compared to pure nanocomposite and presented in Figure 8 and Table 3. From Figure 8 and Table 3, we know... | |
train_412 | What is described in this image? | Figure 10. (a) Amorphous specific volume Vg in propylene/a-olefin copolymers as a function of the NB. The lines are due to weighted fits of the data to a straight line that was constrained to pass through the value of PP. (b) Same as in Figure 10(a), but as a function of the DB. Figure 10. (a) Amorphous specific volume... | |
train_413 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. Temperature dependence of the heat capacity measured in heating DSC scans on samples of PET163 subjected to isothermal annealings. In the case of the amorphous part of highly crystalline PET, this seems not to be the case. The annealing of the sample at a temperature within the interval in which the glass trans... | |
train_414 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3 shows the DSC traces for GST and GeTe at a heating rate of 40 ℃ min-1. At such a high heating rate, the modulated model cannot reveal the weak glass transition in PCMs. Thus, here, we only employed the conventional model (linear heating) to detect the heat flow change during continuous heating. It can be seen ... | |
train_415 | What is described in this image? | 3.2. Glass transition temperature - water content - water activity relationships Fig. 2 shows some of the thermograms obtained by DSC analysis in equilibrated banana samples at different levels of aw. Similar thermograms were obtained in apple samples. This figure shows the change in the heat flow curve related to the ... | |
train_416 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 10a shows the glass transition temperature as a function of mobile amorphous fraction for samples solidified by continuous cooling and by isothermal crystallization while in Fig. 10b the glass transition temperature is plotted as a function of the rigid amorphous fraction. These two figures demonstrate that, altho... | |
train_417 | What is described in this image? | In this case, we used a similar method as the one presented for the saline solutions to determine Thiquidus: the extrapolation to the heating rate ß = 0. As we can see in Figure 30, where we present thermograms at different heating rates, for x0 = 0.8. If we join the points of the top of each thermogram, we obtain a cu... | |
train_418 | What is described in this image? | It is known that physical ageing or crystallization can affect the barrier properties of polymeric materials due to the gradual decrease in the free volume for gas molecules to diffuse through the matrix. This is an important aspect in food packaging since it could change the quality and shelf life of the product. OTR ... | |
train_419 | What is described in this image? | Figure 23. Schematic representation of the enthalpy relaxation from a hyperquenched glass (HQG) toward a standard glass (STG) (i.e., a glass cooled at the standard rate of 10 K/min) (left panel) and the reflection of such relaxation on the potential energy landscape (PEL) (right panel). Simply speaking, the PEL refers ... | |
train_420 | What is described in this image? | where E is energy (J), h is Planck's constant (6.62 x 10-34 J s), v is frequency (per seconds), c is the speed of light (3 x 108 m s-1), and 2 is wavelength (m). The source of radiation defines the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. Sources that emit high-energy radiation produce electromagnetic waves with high fre... | |
train_421 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 IR spectra of the samples before and after degradation Table 1 Infrared spectral analysis of the samples before and after degradation The FTIR spectra of samples before and after degradation were shown in Fig. 2 and Table 1. From Table 2, the AT of blends moves to high temperature direction compared with the p... | |
train_422 | What is described in this image? | Figure 8 shows the change in the glass transition temperature of cured samples containing different amounts of ESO. As shown in the figure, at a constant curing temperature, the glass transition temperature decreased as the amount of ESO increased. It is also found that the glass transition temperatures of samples cure... | |
train_423 | What is described in this image? | 3.2. Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents 3.2.1. The relaxation map of the different relaxation processes The study of the molecular mobility in the amorphous solid state of this active pharmaceutical ingredient was performed using the partial polarisation (PP) procedure that was briefly accounted for in Secti... | |
train_424 | What is described in this image? | chars exhibits some irregular-shaped and multiporous bulks, and the inside of the chars shows a honeycomb structure according to the magnified micrographs of each sample, indicating a typical morphology after the intumescent char formation. Furthermore, the outside aspects of these residual chars illustrate a very gass... | |
train_425 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6 Relative crystallinity and crystallization rate for neat PLA Figure 6 shows the sigmoids and melt crystallization rates obtained from the total heat flow scans. Solid lines are PLA | |
train_426 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9.1 Conceptual functioning aspects of a gas chromatograph (Mixture of A and B dissolved in solvent X and A has a lower solubility in the stationary phase than does B) [10] [6]. The capillary column contains a stationary phase, a thin solid buttress surfaced with a nonvolatile liquid, where the solid itself can be ... | |
train_427 | What is described in this image? | Figure 9 displays the temperature dependence of the hole volume of PP and PE. As in Figure 8, v is plotted versus T - Tg (TgPP = - 3 ℃ and TgPE = -78 °C). The lifetime spectra of PE (the sample is a low density PE with a crystallinity of 40 %) are taken from a previous paper24, but reanalyzed for the current use. Unfor... | |
train_428 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. Schematic diagram for the formation of the microencapsulated paraffin@SiO22 composite via in situ emulsion interfacial hydrolysis and polycondensation. In the present case, the microencapsulated paraffin@SiO2 composite was fabricated by an in situ emulsion interfacial hydrolysis and polycondensation process o... | |
train_429 | What is described in this image? | $\begin{array}{c}\includegraphics[height=36.135pt]{Fig1}\end{array}$ | |
train_430 | What is described in this image? | Important information about the surface molecules and the chemical element valency can be provided by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As shown in Fig. 3, the binding energies in the XPS spectra were corrected by referencing the C 1s 284.78 eV. XPS for high-resolution scan of V 2p shows the peaks of 2p3/2 locate... | |
train_431 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 shows the curves of heat flow versus temperature of cold rolled samples measured at different heating rates. It can be seen that there are two endothermic peaks in all DSC curves with different heating rates. According to Ref. [12], the second peak is corresponded to the α→y transformation, including the nucleat... | |
train_432 | What is described in this image? | Although the urethane dimethacrylate reactive diluents were effective, the formulations containing urethane dimethacrylate reactive diluents and APE always showed a higher viscosity, this was attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonds formation in this system as shown in Fig. 5. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds can b... | |
train_433 | What is described in this image? | were analyzed from TGA curves obtained at heating rates of 5, 8, 15, 10, and 20 °C min=1 (Only the PLA mass fraction was taken into account since the total mass of the zeolites did not change during the entire experiment.) Fig. 6 illustrates the plots of log ß against 1/T at 13 conversion levels in the range of 2.5-95%... | |
train_434 | What is described in this image? | AAm-co-AAc) mixtures prepared. The typical scan thermograms corresponding to this sample is reported in Fig. 2, together with those corresponding to PAAm pure sample. Figure 2 DSC thermograms of the poly(AAm) (a), poly(AAmco-AAc) (60/40) (b) and poly(AAm-co-AAc) (40/60) (c) hydrogel samples | |
train_435 | What is described in this image? | DSC curves for cured neat epoxy (DGEBA + DETDA) and its nanocomposites modified with MWCNTs and GNPs are shown in Fig. 7a-b. Compared with the cured neat epoxy, the nanocomposite samples reinforced with MWCNTs or GNPs show lower T2, indicating that the epoxy matrix in the nanocomposites has less cross-linking degree th... | |
train_436 | What is described in this image? | cylindrical specimens allowed the calculation of the compressive modulus as the slope of the linear part of the stress-strain curve (linear zone in the range 2-5% of strain) and of the yielding stress and the equivalent yielding strain. The stress-strain curve of one sample of each composition tested is reported in Fig... | |
train_437 | What is described in this image? | For amorphous polymers, the evaluation of glass transitions was performed by using the stepwise method with four temperatures (T1,m3 T2m7 4,m). The determination of T, referred to the midpoint temperature of the DIN EN ISO (n.d) 11357-2 standard. The four temperatures obtained based on the first deviation of the measur... | |
train_438 | What is described in this image? | as shown in Fig. 5. Medina et al. [22] have done the same observations. They reported that using prepregs of natural fibers/Acrodur containing 20 wt% of moisture leads to a composite with a bubbly face due to trapped water vapor inside. Fig. 5. Generation of voids and blisters due the released vapor. | |
train_439 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. Variation in the specific heat capacity values with temperature, for pure salt | |
train_440 | What is described in this image? | Then, the relationship between the rate of conversion and the conversion can be attained, as shown in Figure 3. It is well known that chemical reactions can be divided into simple reactions and autocatalytic reactions. In a simple reaction, the maximum rate of curing occurs at the beginning, whereas in an autocatalytic... | |
train_441 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5a and b shows typical storage and loss moduli DMA curves, in this case for Nanocyl™ NC7000/polycarbonate composites. Fig. 5. Storage (a) and Loss Moduli (b) of pure polycarbonate and its composites with Nanocyl™ NC7000 with MWNT content of 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 wt.% The inset shows Ts determination from the maximum in... | |
train_442 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows the idealized structures of the synthesized branched intermediates. In the second step of the synthesis, the reaction solution was first cooled to 110 ℃. Hydroquinone (0.3 w % of total monomers mass) was then added to the mixture as an inhibitor while stirring. MAAH (0, 11 mol) was added dropwise, and th... | |
train_443 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) Fig. 5 Scanning electron microscope photographs of high melting point macrocrystalline a and microcrystalline b petroleum waxes [Reprinted from [67], Copyright (2010), with permission from Elsevier] | |
train_444 | What is described in this image? | either temperature, followed by composites containing SWeNT® SMW-100 and Hyperion MWNTs. Composites made with Baytubes® C150P and Continental Carbon MWNTs showed the lowest storage modulus values. This trend correlates to the geometric characteristic of the nanotubes, as shown in Fig. 6. Larger aspect ratios, such as t... | |
train_445 | What is described in this image? | 1. In the glass transformation range (50-60 °C) there is no TSDC evidence for the presence of the α-relaxation peak. Fig. 4 shows the result of an experiment that was specifically designed to activate the mobility associated with the glass transition. A relaxation peak with maximum intensity at ~25 ℃ (that will be disc... | |
train_446 | What is described in this image? | Effect of Low-Temperature Aging on Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization. The analysis of the effect of lowtemperature aging on nonisothermal cold crystallization is demonstrated with Figures 5-9. Figure 5 shows apparent Figure 5. Apparent specific heat capacity of iPB-1 of different thermal history as a function of tempe... | |
train_447 | What is described in this image? | Scanning at different heating rates after isothermal crystallization is a powerful tool for distinguishing between those two explanations. In Fig. 13 heating scans at different heating rates are shown for isothermally crystallized iPS. Fig. 13 Temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity of 400 ng to 4 mg iPS s... | |
train_448 | What is described in this image? | CSBO had four cyclic carbonate groups per soy oil molecule and a viscosity of 41.9 Pa s. The characteristic shift at 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for cyclocarbonate protons was 8 = 4.274 and 4.477 ppm, Figure 2. The ratio of the cyclocarbonate proton peak area to the total number of proton peak area corr... | |
train_449 | What is described in this image? | 50, one can clearly see an increase in complex viscosity at low frequencies, which can be explained by the fact that PHBV forms small-dispersed crystals and very small droplets, well dispersed in PLA. This phenomenon is not observed at temperature far off Tm of PHBV (Fig. 13). The complex viscosity at 185 ℃ is lower th... | |
train_450 | What is described in this image? | TGA was used to determine final composition of pNIPA-levan hydrogel since pNIPA and levan have quite different thermal behaviors. Fig. 6A shows the TG curves of pNIPA and levan. In TG curve of levan, the first step weight-loss corresponding to nearly 6.5%, between 100°C and 170°C, is due to the elimination of the free ... | |
train_451 | What is described in this image? | measurements with plain Toray GDL is that, during cooling down, freezing occurs near 0 ℃ in the cases where the was not held long enough (0 min) at 10 ℃, as presented in Fig. 4a and b. Noting that the temperature of the cell is measured at the flow field, along with the endothermic processing of melting, a temperature ... | |
train_452 | What is described in this image? | The solubility of an API is a critical parameter in pharmaceutical technology. Here we evaluated the dissolution of the liquid THEDES in PBS, an isotonic physiological solution with pH 7.4, as measured by the cumulative mass of active principle versus dissolution time (Fig. 7). | |
train_453 | What is described in this image? | 3.1. Sorption isotherms The water content of newly freeze-dried apple and banana samples was 4.66 and 3.91 g water/100 g sample, respectively. The equilibrium moisture content (wg dry basis) at the different aw is plotted in Fig. 1, representing the water sorption isotherms of the two studied samples at 20 °C. Experime... | |
train_454 | What is described in this image? | The curing behaviors of BZ-F, BZ-DDM and their mixtures in various ratios were monitored by DSC, which was depicted in Fig. 3 and the related data was listed in Table 2. The heating curve of BZ- DDM showed an endothermic peak around 113 °C and an exothermic peak around 209 °C. Undoubtedly, the former one showing at 113... | |
train_455 | What is described in this image? | Non-linear behaviour, in the temperature range of the phase transition, depends not only on the magnitude of heat-flow rates but also on the nature of the phase transition. As shown by Ozawa [26] and in Fig. 1, Eq. (3a) does not even hold for the melting of sub-milligram amounts of indium. The DSC response - the measur... | |
train_456 | What is described in this image? | where A® and K* are the ratio of total area under experimental curve defined by the total TGA thermogram, Ti, which is the initial experimental temperature, Tr, which is the final experimental temperature. Fig. 4 shows a representation of S1, S2 and S3 that are used for calculating A* and K*. From Table 1, the IPDT of ... | |
train_457 | What is described in this image? | (THF)-forming side reactions during esterification stage (see Scheme 1). Through these reactions, BDO or even the esterification product (terminal hydroxybutyl ester) was converted into THF as a byproduct, which was distilled out of the reactor together with water. The side reactions were catalyzed by both acids. As FA... | |
train_458 | What is described in this image? | Metal fillers are typically less than 20μm in diameter. Metallic fillers can be manufactured using varying milling techniques such as ball milling, impact milling, and gyratory milling. Typically, with metallic fillers, a large distribution of particle size is used while using a lower concentration of the filler which ... | |
train_459 | What is described in this image? | and organistantinolosquaranten anto loraran matro tall organization and manas manas ministra masa mana m sand-conditions) on Willioy Orline Library ke rules of use, OA asticles are governed by the upplicable Creative Cor After integration of the DSC traces and determination of ΔΗρι for each sample A to D, five sets of... | |
train_460 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Degree of crystallinity of PHBV/PLA blends according to Equations (1) | |
train_461 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7. Results of TGA–DSC analysis for nickel nitrate—glycine gels with different @ ratios: @ = 0.75 (a) and @ = 1.75 (b). The TGA-DSC data for the gas species formation of the nickel nitrate-glycine gels with @ = 0.75 and 1.75 obtained under similar conditions are shown in Figure 7. It can be seen that the self-ign... | |
train_462 | What is described in this image? | The morphology of the cellulose is shown in Fig. 2 and it clearly displays microcrystalline domains. Upon closer inspection of the cellulose in Fig. 2b, nano-fibrils can be seen indicated by arrows, which suggests that hundreds of individual cellulose nano-fibrils have agglomerated to create the microcrystalline cellul... | |
train_463 | What is described in this image? | %) and WEPS are purely amorphous (non-crystalline) without any clearly defined peaks. The XRD pattern of plain bitumen is made up of four major peaks (or bands): gamma peak (y), (002)-graphene, (100), and (110). The bands in the XRD pattern (10) and (11) corresponds to the planes (100) and (110) (see Figure 6) pinpoint... | |
train_464 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8 Heat flow during the cooling of Micronal PCM | |
train_465 | What is described in this image? | We confirmed a weight loss by weighing the pans before and after some DSC runs as well as by running samples in perforated pans. Moisture release during heating of CW material equilibrated over P2O5 for 2 weeks suggests that samples were not truly 'anhydrous' and that some sorbed water was not completely removed in the... | |
train_466 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. DSC cooling scans at 10 °C/min after melting at 190 °C for 3 min Figure 2. DSC subsequent heating scans (at 10 ℃/min) to the cooling scans presented in Figure 1. Standard DSC Results. Figure 1 shows DSC cooling scans and Figure 2 shows subsequent heating scans performed at 10 ℃/min for the diblock copolymers ... | |
train_467 | What is described in this image? | polySBMAs are analyzed by the same method of the PEG in our previous paper (Figures 2 and 3).15 Figure 3 is the plot of the first derivative of 1/T2 versus the mass ratio of polySBMA | |
train_468 | What is described in this image? | The next step to analyze the glass transition involves TMDC. Figure 13 illustrates a series of points generated for PET of different thermal histories and crystallinity [49]. The TMDC data were taken during the last 10 min of a 20 min run (p = 60 s). This time before data collection was long enough to reach repeatabili... | |
train_469 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 shows the dynamic storage modulus (E') of virgin PLA matrix, PLA/PEG blends and its nanocomposites over a temperature range of -50°C to 120°C. As observed from the figure, it is evident that E' of the matrix polymer decreases with the incorporation of PEG, thus indicating the reduction in the elastic propertie... | |
train_470 | What is described in this image? | The following features of the ADSC response, and of temperature modulated DSC in general, are observed in the glass transition region of polymers (refer to Fig. 2): All of these features can be described qualitatively by a simple theoretical model [5,6] which considers the relaxation process in a glassy polymer in the ... | |
train_471 | What is described in this image? | [5, Figure 5]. The development and applications of temperature-time and of y in references [5] and [12]. Figure 5 suggests a baseline construction in the situation where the baseline before and that after the peak are at different levels [67]. This construction does not give the absolute area but the approximation is c... | |
train_472 | What is described in this image? | (dotted line in Fig. 1A). Gelatinization started at 61.5℃ (T.), peaked at 70.3ºC (T.), and completed at 81.7ºC (T.) with an enthalpy of 16.0 J/g (Tab. 2). No clear glass transition was evident for native starch in the range from -25°C to -3°C when the starch was not preheated (Fig. 1A). In agreement with previous studi... | |
train_473 | What is described in this image? | if-being based on the two-phase model-it is applied to a three-phase system, as shown in Fig. 21, see discussion below. Fig. 21 The top curve, right axis, shows the numerator of Eq. 20 determined by use of Eq. 21 from the data shown in Fig. 20. The bottom curves show the degree of crystallinity from Eq. 20, using data ... | |
train_474 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3. J-V curves of 6 um ss-DSSCs made with spiro- The J–V curves (Figure 3) show that cells made with spiro-OMeTAD suffer significantly from the increase in thickness (η = 2.1%), whereas the cells made from AS44 seem to perform equally well (η = 2.3%) as those made with 2 µm cells. The low performance of spiro-OMe... | |
train_475 | What is described in this image? | DTA/TG (Differantial Thermal Analysis/Thermogravimetric Analysis) systems are another analysis method to determine the thermal properties of materials. DTA and TG curves of the SMA taken with a heating rate of 20 ℃ min-1 are given in Fig. 6. An endothermic peak was observed from the DTA curve of the sample heated to 50... | |
train_476 | What is described in this image? | dAH. is the heat of crystallization (determined by the area underneath the dotted line in Fig. 1). AH_ in Fig. 3 is the same as in Fig. 1 (for the same alloy) but is not listed here. (corresponds to Fig. 1). Dashed curve: Enthalpy evolution during (1) pre-annealing, (2) cooling, and (3) subsequent continuous heating at... | |
train_477 | What is described in this image? | In Fig. 4 the differential scanning curves of the heating runs of 1,2-dimyristoyl lecithin-1,2-dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-water mixtures are presented. (Here the chain lengths are the same but the polar groups differ.) Both sets of these onset temperatures show considerably more curvature than those obtained ... | |
train_478 | What is described in this image? | As discussed above, low-temperature DSC experiments showed two types of freezable water in coals, i.e. free water and freezable bound water. The non-freezable water was not detected by DSC method. However its existence was confirmed by the difference between the water detected during freezing and total water content in... | |
train_479 | What is described in this image? | show that these polymorphs are readily differentiated by monitoring the intensities of the {211} and {213} reflections as they are sufficiently separated from Bragg reflections expected in cubic symmetry. The {211} reflection has a higher calculated intensity so any change in symmetry would be detected more easily by m... | |
train_480 | What is described in this image? | The results of the Charpy impact test are shown in Fig. 5. It is apparent that the impact strength of the PLA/hemp composites increases with increasing mass proportion of fibre. But the value at 10 mass% fibre content is still 8.6% lower than the value for pure PLA. Fibre pull-out is a major energy-absorbing mechanism ... | |
train_481 | What is described in this image? | In order to confirm the grafting yield of the PEGA monomers in the PLEA matrix, solvent extraction was carried out by analyzing the amount and nature of the extracted fraction. In Fig. 4, the weight loss from the PLEA matrix increases with the increase of the PEGA contents introduced. This might be due to the increase ... | |
train_482 | What is described in this image? | Typical DSC scan of the flax tape at 3 ℃/min is shown in Fig. 14. Fig. 14. Typical DSC scan of flax fiber at 3 °C/min. | |
train_483 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2. Conventional DSC thermoanalytical curve of PET showing: (a) a glass transition (with associated enthalpic relaxation). (b) a cold crystallisation exotherm, and (c) a melting endotherm. may be endothermic (e.g. melting, dehydration), exothermic (e.g. crystallisation) or may involve a change in the heat capacity ... | |
train_484 | What is described in this image? | [19,28,29]. As shown in Fig. 3a, a diagonal cubic structure (also referred to as skeletal structure) was designed since it has no overhangs Fig. 3. The geometry of the TiNi lattice, showing: (a) isometric view of the unit cell and the full lattice, and (b) LPBF-fabricated lattices, with a well-defined pore morphology f... | |
train_485 | What is described in this image? | Potato Starch. Unlike wheat starch, heat-treated potato starch shows only two endotherms when small amounts of water are added (Fig. 9). When the reciprocal of the melting temperature is plotted as a function of the volume fraction of water (Fig. 8), the "Flory plot" is close to that for the M1 transition for the heatm... | |
train_486 | What is described in this image? | form I. To our surprise, the form I crystals underwent macroscopic shape changes with remarkable self-healing behavior when they were heated at 30°Cmin-1: First, the crystal started to split by bursting at one end at about 40℃; then the crystal gradually self-heals by continuous heating of the sample between 50℃ and 70... | |
train_487 | What is described in this image? | nanofibers, prepared in this study, are considered for biomedical applications as well as skin tissue engineering. The fibroblast cells are the major cells which are located in the skin tissue. For this reason we chose A-431 cell line because these cells are human derived with good proliferation rate. The percentage of... | |
train_488 | What is described in this image? | The frequency dependence of the dynamic glass transition of PS in the @-range between 10-4 rad/s and 104 rad/s is shown in Fig. 1. The solid curve represents the VFTH curve with the Parameters A = 12, B = 570 K, and Tv = 333 K.23 The cooling rate dependence of the thermal glass transition temperature is plotted on the ... | |
train_489 | What is described in this image? | As noted by Swainson et al.32 in their structural analysis of MAPbBr3, there is no group-subgroup relationship between I4/mcm and Pnma, so it is impossible to descend continuously through this sequence. It is therefore likely that a transient intermediary phase for both the bromide and iodide analogues exists, but this... | |
train_490 | What is described in this image? | The first peak in Fig. 2 corresponded to the (0 0 1) plane reflection of bentonite and organic-bentonite. The diffraction angle of bentonite (20) is 5.90 and the diffraction angle of modified bentonite is 4.42. The X-ray patterns show that the diffraction peak of modified bentonite move towards left. This indicates tha... | |
train_491 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5. Tأوسع: " of the fully gelatinized starch gels al different water contents: (a) waxy corn starch, (b) normal corn starch, (c) polato starch, and (d) | |
train_492 | What is described in this image? | ACAs are also available in the form of a paste, or film. Pastes are used by sandwiching the material between the interconnect and applying the correct amount of heat and pressure which bonds the two connections together establishing conductivity. Once completed, the polymer is then hardened, and the bond made complete ... | |
train_493 | What is described in this image? | 3.6.1. Coatings with porous fillers A coating having porous inorganic particles was prepared for investigation with thermoporometry. The coating contained 37.9 nm diameter CPG in a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder at a particle-to-binder weight ratio of 4:1. The nominal thickness was 100 um on resin-coated paper, and water w... | |
train_494 | What is described in this image? | (broken line, Fig. 1) the two cells have individual heaters and AW is the difference between the power output of these that is needed to maintain the same programmed temperature in each cell. At a melting point (Tm), for example, the sample heater output must increase considerably (Fig. 2) as heat of fusion is supplied... | |
train_495 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5a, b. Using Arrhenius equation, the Es can be obtained by fitting a straight line to the experimental values of different volume fractions Figure 6 demonstrates the relation between the local activation energy and the crystallized volume fraction (x). From Fig. 6, it is clear that the crystallization process begi... | |
train_496 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. DSC results of chitosan/alginate gels (1/1) and chitosan/alginate gels (1/2). Fig. 3 shows DSC results of the Chi/Alg gels (1/1) and (1/2), | |
train_497 | What is described in this image? | The results presented up to now indicate that there is a wide range of spectral bands that could contribute to the study of the curing process. With the aim of establishing whether differences exist between the two curing cycles that we studied, it was necessary to quantify the rates of appearance and disappearance of ... | |
train_498 | What is described in this image? | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to investigate the alloy's hydrogen desorption characteristics. Fig. 6(a) In the equation, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), To is the peak temperature corresponding to the heating rate (ß). Therefore, as shown in Fig. 6(b), the slope of In(8/T2) and 1/Tp be a... | |
train_499 | What is described in this image? | In Figure 9, typical DMA curves of three hydrated PVOH/CTR-90/10 films are shown: non crosslinked one and two crosslinked ones. An increase of the main relaxation temperatures with crosslinking time is observed, in good agreement with previous DSC results. As expected, the storage modulus E' increases with the heating ... |
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