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train_7900 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5. Temperature dependence of Raman peak height intensity ratios I 2870/12935 and I2914/2935. The first ratio is assumed to be sensitive to lateral chain-chain interactions and the second ratio is sensitive to intermolecular interactions, but also it should reflect the mobility of the methyl terminal group of hyd... | |
train_7901 | What is described in this image? | In particular, the quadruple-SME was achieved by employing Tm of PEG and two separated temperatures within the glass transition as three Tirans, which is demonstrated in Fig. 3a. The specimen was sequentially deformed at 100, 60 and 40 °C. Accordingly, the first, Fig. 3 (a) The quadruple-SME of PMMA/PEG(35) based on Tm... | |
train_7902 | What is described in this image? | Figure 10. DSC thermograms of IND/SUC blends at various ratios 3.3.3. Binary Mixtures of IND and Sucrose. The DSC thermograms (cycle 1) for IND/SUC mixtures showed two distinct melting endotherms corresponding to the melting of indomethacin (~160 °C) and sucrose (~189 °C). In contrast to the IND/GLU blends, slight broa... | |
train_7903 | What is described in this image? | The TGA and DTG curve of GNPs with different surface area is shown in Fig. 10(a) and (b). The results indicate that there are two steps of weight loss for GNPs, namely, the water weight loss that happens at 30–100 °C and decomposition of GNPs around 630 °C. It can be seen that the decomposition temperature will decreas... | |
train_7904 | What is described in this image? | The DSC thermograms of PLA/PEG (90/10) blend systems are shown in Fig. 4, and the corresponding DSC parameters are summarized in Table 3. It can be observed from Fig. 4(a) and Table 3 that with increasing PEG molecular weight, the height of crystallization peak first decreases and then increases, but the width of cryst... | |
train_7905 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. Non-reversing heat flow trace of neat epoxy resin (left axis) and temperature dependence of conversion (right axis). Fig. 6 (left axis) shows the non-reversing heat flow trace of the neat epoxy resin obtained from TMDSC measurements at a rate of 2 K min-1. An exotherm due to the cross-linking reaction was obser... | |
train_7906 | What is described in this image? | (the smallest clusters). The enhancement in mechanical properties might be explained by strong interfacial interaction between the nanoparticles and P(VDF-TrFE). However, the storage modulus slightly linearly decreased with increasing cluster size of non-functionalized particles. For example at -90°C and 25 °C, the sto... | |
train_7907 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1a-d represents the cross-sections of PEG and PEG/cellulose, PEG/agarose, and PEG/chitosan shape stabilized blends, respectively. It can be found that the inner structures of the composite PCMs are more compact and uniform than that of the surface, which illustrates that PEG has been impregnated into natural polym... | |
train_7908 | What is described in this image? | Figure 8 films at the heating rate of 10℃ min-1 | |
train_7909 | What is described in this image? | DTBP in toluene is calculated to be -315.9 J/g. Since heat measurement from DSC tests allows 10% uncertainty, the acceptable range of decomposition heat for 20% DTBP in toluene is between -285 and -347 J/g in our RC lab. 44 such acceptable DTBP DSC results done with glass capillary (Cap) and N2 headspace per our standa... | |
train_7910 | What is described in this image? | PTMEG networks were characterized by DMA, and the corresponding results are presented in Figure 6. It shows the storage modulus (E') as a function of temperature for the PCL-PTMEG networks, and the results are presented in Table 3. A large difference in modulus below and above the Trans (e.g., Tm, PTMEG and Tm, PCL) is... | |
train_7911 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2a represents the FTIR spectra of pure chitosan and pure alginate and Fig. 2b shows chitosan/alginate hydrogels with the compositions of (1/1) and (1/2), respectively. As seen from Fig. 2a and b the characteristic absorption band at 1620 cm-1 assigned the peak of the carbonyl (C=O) bond in the spectrum of alginate... | |
train_7912 | What is described in this image? | researchers from different universities and centers such as Fraunhofer ISE, ZAE Bayern, Germany, Universität de Lleida, University of the Basque Country, University of Zaragoza, Spain, and Austrian Institute of Technology continued their experiments on developing a standard method for determining enthalpy curves of PCM... | |
train_7913 | What is described in this image? | The FT-IR spectrum of the raw materials, intermediates and target products synthesized for the copolymerization is shown in Fig. 1. The presence of terminal C=C bonds could be confirmed by the characteristic peaks shown at 1650 cm-1, 910-930 cm=1 and 980-990 cm=1. But it could not allow us to clearly distinguish the nu... | |
train_7914 | What is described in this image? | stacks of lamellar crystals [1,7,19,41,46] (Figs. 3a and 4a). ESEM images (Fig. 3) show that the morphology of P(VDF-TrFE) was globally preserved in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. TEM images on thin films prepared by spin-coating on copper grids (Fig. 4) show that clusters of ZnO were well dispersed in the copolyme... | |
train_7915 | What is described in this image? | history is shown in Fig. 2. For the measurement of enthalpy curves of a PCM melting around 72°C, the ambient temperature was changed from 53 °C to 85 °C and 90 °C to 62 °C in the case of melting and crystallisation, respectively. Different temperature steps are required, because the first 15-30 min of each heating or c... | |
train_7916 | What is described in this image? | Separation of relaxation phenomena from the glass transition In thermosets and semicrystalline/amorphous thermoplastics, processing can result in internal molecular stresses (thermal history effects) which are relieved on reheating. The release of these stresses appears as a small endothermic relaxation event after the... | |
train_7917 | What is described in this image? | Cardanol based benzoxazine monomer was synthesized by a condensation reaction of cardanol with formaldehyde and aniline as shown in Scheme 1. The FTIR spectrum (Fig. 1) of purified cardanol benzoxazine (CBO) showed significant bands respectively at 1215 (asymmetric stretching of C-O-C), 1030 (symmetric stretching of C-... | |
train_7918 | What is described in this image? | Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the perovskite is remarkably stable under the 200 keV electron beam. Samples containing heavy elements such as Pb and I are often found to decompose during electron beam irradiation because of the energy deposited during electron beam absorption. It is suggested that the p... | |
train_7919 | What is described in this image? | 7.5%LLZO). The discharge capacity, cycling, and rate performance were measured. As illustrated in Fig. 6a, when the all-solid-state batteries were run under 0.1C, the discharge specific capacity is improved from 148.6 mAh.g-1 to the maximum 150.1 mAh.g-1 after 3 cycles; then the discharge specific capacity maintains 14... | |
train_7920 | What is described in this image? | Simultaneously, a new band appears at about 1080 cm-1, which is specifically assigned to the gauche C-C stretching mode28 (Figure 9). The 1117 cm-1 C-C stretching mode is coupled with the chain C-C-C angle bending modes and terminal methyl rocking mode. Frequency shift in this vibration is expected as the motions of me... | |
train_7921 | What is described in this image? | To demonstrate exceptional thermal management application of our monolithic PCM film, the DICP letter-shape MTPEG film is placed in a hot plate to ensure all the letters reaching the equilibrium temperature, and then transferred to a cold plate to record the heat dissipation process. The time sequential IR images of th... | |
train_7922 | What is described in this image? | 2.2. Fabrication of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) Modified Laminated Composites Figure 2 illustrates the process of GNP inclusion into epoxy. Initially, the required quantity of GNP Figure 2. GNP incorporation into epoxy and fabrication of laminates [39]. | |
train_7923 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3. FTIR of filled P2VP samples. Sample with dPyridine added to silica suspension after 24 h at 150 ℃. The inset shows an expansion around the bands pertinent for determination of the degree of hydrogen bonding at 1598 (bound) and 1590 (free) cm-1. Approximately 1.5 hydrogen bonds/nm2 were determined from a fit t... | |
train_7924 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. Crystallization peak temperatures of PP samples having different masses as a function of cooling rate. Filled symbols: Te values without correction. Open symbols: Te values corrected for the sample mass and for the cooling rate applied. as a function of the cooling rate, Sc, are shown in Fig. 3. With increased,... | |
train_7925 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. Chemical structure of N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium Bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide | |
train_7926 | What is described in this image? | VI (Fig. 5b), VII (Fig. 6a), and VIII (Fig. 6b). Referring to Fig. 1, grey and dark regions are assigned to PC and SEBS particles, respectively. SEBS particles are not dispersed in PC particles but preferentially in PLA matrix. Compared with the PLA-1 systems in Fig. 5, the PC particles in PLA-h system in Fig. 6 are hi... | |
train_7927 | What is described in this image? | (see Figure S6a of the Supporting Information). The particle size decreased slightly to 16 nm. HRTEM further indicated that their amorphous structure remained (see Figure S6b of the Supporting Information). It should be noted that Ni was partially removed by acetic acid not only for DSC analysis but also for the examin... | |
train_7928 | What is described in this image? | typical plot of such data is given in Fig. 10; the amount of unfreezable water corresponds to the intercept of the line with the water content-axis (Simatos et al., 1975). Reported estimates of unfreezable water range from 0-2-0-5 gram of water per gram of solids for typical foods and their components (Davies & Webb, 1... | |
train_7929 | What is described in this image? | lower alcohols, ethyl acetate, acetone) or enzymes such as lysozyme. For instance, Chow and Palecet (2004) plasmolysed S. cerevisiae cells using detergent (Triton X-100). Inoue et al. (1991) enclosed hydrophobic liquids in yeast cells that had been pretreated with organic solvents (ethanol, acetone). Recently, yeast ce... | |
train_7930 | What is described in this image? | The theoretical enthalpy versus T curve for an Alo78Si022 alloy calculated by the FactSage software (Figure 5) has two thermal arrests, one at 579 °C (eutectic temperature) and another at 706 °C (liquidus temperature). The DSC detects a strong signal at the eutectic temperature (solidus) (Figure 6). Above this temperat... | |
train_7931 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5. Hypothetical structures of LNPs identified in this work: (A) unilamellar (contains only one bilayer) perimeter, smooth particle curvature, and homogeneous core (e.g., Chol LNPs); (B) "onion" or multilamellar perimeter and homogeneous core (e.g., Camp LNPs); (C) bilamellar perimeter but lipid phase separation ... | |
train_7932 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 Isotope effect on the glass -> liquid transition and crystallization as seen in DSC scans of D2O LDAH. The same sample of 8.03 mg was used and it was heated or cooled at a rate of 30 K min-1. The H/D isotope effect on the glass transition and crystallization of D2O LDAII is shown in Fig. 3. Scan (1) was recorded... | |
train_7933 | What is described in this image? | For all of the aged IND samples, the values of the fictive temperature, Tt, has been determined by estimation of the intersection of the extended line of enthalpy of the liquid state with the enthalpy of the solid state of the aged sample, and they are presented in the Supplementary Materials (Table S1). Figure 9 prese... | |
train_7934 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. XRD-patterns of homogenized and water-quenched Ti-(14-29)Nb alloys. Figure 1 shows the XRD-patterns of HOM + WQ Ti-Nb alloys. All alloys consisted primarily of martensitic phases and no additional peaks of equilibrium phases a and ß were detected. That suggests the complete transformation of ß phase during ra... | |
train_7935 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4. The temperature dependence of heat capacity measured in heating DSC scans on PET131 sample subjected to isothermal annealing. (a) Thermograms measured after annealing at 54 ℃ for (■) 10, (>) 30, (▲) 120, Thus at T = 54 ℃ (Fig. 4(a)), the structural relaxation process of Phase I is quicker than that of Phase II ... | |
train_7936 | What is described in this image? | and PHB as well as the NR/PHB blends with various compositions. The thermograms of the samples are shown in Figure 4, while the thermal data including the glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm) and the calculated polymer's crystallinity (χς) are listed in Table 3. ... | |
train_7937 | What is described in this image? | As it can be seen in Fig. 4, the Netzsch and Mettler Toledo devices show unstable baselines. For the Netzsch DSC the measurement was repeated at the University of Zaragoza (where a similar device is available), where much more stable baseline was obtained (Fig. 5). For the Mettler Toledo DSC, the measurement was repeat... | |
train_7938 | What is described in this image? | The glass transition temperatures (midpoint) of sucrose and trehalose were estimated to be 73°C and 119°C respectively. The dependence of the activation energy on the extent of conversion a has been determined by applying the advanced isoconversional method outlined above to the C (or a) vs temperature data. Fig. 2 sho... | |
train_7939 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 17. DSC thermograms of PCL and nanocomposites before and after 73 days of degradation in compost, (a) cooling and (b) second heating. These differences were not encountered in the case of PLA most probably because of the different biodegradation mechanism of the two polymers. 3.2.2.4. Thermal analysis (DSC). Fig. ... | |
train_7940 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 shows the gloss values of the films measured at different incidence angles. At lower angles, samples with high gloss can be better differentiated, whereas high incidence angles are better for distinguishing among low-gloss surfaces, due to the enhancement of specular reflection with an increased incidence angle ... | |
train_7941 | What is described in this image? | The WAXD patterns of the PLA/PEG/clay nanocomposites are shown in Fig. 3. The dool spacing was calculated from the peak positions using Bragg's law. The primary silicate reflection at 20 = 4.8° (d-spacing ~ 1.76 nm) and 3.8° (d-spacing ~ 2.32 nm) was recorded for the աշտագրագրական կայաստան առաջան (ուշակույթ այն այնպես ... | |
train_7942 | What is described in this image? | The iongel GPEs were prepared as described in Fig. 1a. The components polyIL, ionic liquid, lithium salt and alumina nanoparticles were dissolved/mixed in acetonitrile and freestanding membranes were obtained by casting onto Teflon moulds. It has been reported that P111i4FSI shows a wide electrochemical stability windo... | |
train_7943 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. FTIR spectra of polyether-based polyurethane-silica nanocomposites. Structural characteristic of pure silicate, polyurethane and nanocomposite polyether-based polyurethane-silica hybrid membranes were carried out using FTIR analysis. The FTIR spectra of prepared composite membranes were shown in Fig. 1. As can ... | |
train_7944 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7. Scanning electron surface micrographs of (a) control FSG film, (b) FSG film incorporated with 2% Ag-Cu NPs and (c) FSG film incorporated with 4% Ag-Cu NPs. were compared over the control gelatin film as demonstrated by SEM micrographs (Fig. 7). It can be seen a smooth, homogeneous and compact surface morphology... | |
train_7945 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9. Degradation of 4-chlorophenol using N-TiO2 calcined at 500°C under irradiation from solar light in a Q-sun solar chamber. A degradation plot of 4-chlorophenol under irradiation from a solar chamber is shown in Fig. 9. The rate of degradation was found to obey first order kinetics and the rate constant was calcu... | |
train_7946 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3a presents representative detailed TMDSC plots for the processed conventional EVA mouthguard material, showing the reversing and nonreversing heat flow curves along with the total heat flow curve. The nonreversing heat flow curve follows the total heat flow curve closely, showing the two endothermic peaks and the... | |
train_7947 | What is described in this image? | In Fig. 6a, the baseline correction of an EN AW-6082-W In Fig. 6b, an approach using only a polynomial subtraction is shown. The reaction-free zones, to which the polynomial of third order is fitted, are highlighted in yellow. In addition to the correction of the curvature, no offset in the high-temperature reaction-fr... | |
train_7948 | What is described in this image? | To further follow this point, the odc values of several amorphous and semicrystalline systems, at various MWCNT contents, were collected from the literature [50-61] and summarized in Fig. 5. In order to eliminate any effects caused by the filler type, all the results included in Fig. 5 refer to systems prepared using t... | |
train_7949 | What is described in this image? | (BMImBF4 loading: 27.8 wt%) in Fig. 1 presented four important features. (1) the adsorbed CO2 gas could be completely desorbed at 150 ℃; (2) the surface area of the peaks in Fig. 1 followed: a > b > c > d. This suggested that the amount of desorbed CO2 followed: BMImBF4-sg > (BMImBF4 loading: 27.8 wt%) in Fig. 1 presen... | |
train_7950 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 12. Stress-strain curves for the uncompatibilized and compatibilized PLA_PBAT (80_20) (a) and PLA_PBAT (20_80) blends (b). Fig. 12 shows the stress vs. strain curves for PLA_PBAT blends drawn with a constant uniaxial extension rate of 1.2 Hencky. The drawing temperature (75°C) remains above the glassy transition t... | |
train_7951 | What is described in this image? | (Fig. 3). Typically, PLA has characteristic absorption bands corresponding to the band absorption of asymmetric and symmetric stretching of C-H at 2998 and 2944 cm-1, CH3 stretching at 1453 cm-1, and C-H deformation vibration at 1362 cm-1, respectively. (Fig. 3a). The C-O stretching bands in -CH-O- and -O-C=O of PLA al... | |
train_7952 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. Comparison of C6 homo polycarbonate diol with C5/C6 copolymer polycarbonate diol. In this study, polycarbonate diol(PCDL)s were used as polyols, to improve physical properties for surface coatings applications because PCDLs have stronger structures than other polyols. The PCDLs used in the synthesis were C5/C6 ... | |
train_7953 | What is described in this image? | 3.4. Gas permeation properties of polyurethane-silica membranes Fig. 6 shows the effect of silica nanoparticles on the gas permeability of polyurethane-silica membranes. As shown in this figure, the permeability of CO2 is significantly higher than those of other gases in all pure and composite membranes. As described ... | |
train_7954 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4. Specimens from tensile test: PHB, PHB-TBL20, blends PHB/PLA: 70/30,60/40,50/ 50,40/60,30/70, PLA-TBL20 and PLA Regarding the polymer blends, it was found that the elongation at break increased from 6 to 70 times up to 60% PLA content with respect to PHB-TBL20. Moreover, the PHB/PLA (30/70) blend showed elastome... | |
train_7955 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 18. Selectivity of CO2 over N2 and CH4 and N2 versus CO2 permeability for the neat and MMMs at 25 °C and 4 bar in the presence of Robeson upper bound. "Robeson upper bound limit" was studied to find out enhancement in selectivity and permeability, as shown in Fig. 18. For the case of CO2/N2 separation, the fabrica... | |
train_7956 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9 Photographs of (a) pure coumarin-Py BZ, (b) pristine SWCNTs, and (c) coumarin–Py BZ/SWCNTs (3 wt%) in THF. (d) TEM image of sample (c) after thermal curing. composites in THF after curing. The spectrum of Py-NH2 features a strong fluorescence signal for the pyrene unit at 426 nm; the spectrum of coumarin-Py BZ f... | |
train_7957 | What is described in this image? | (b) Maximum tensile strength and elongation at break Fig. 9. Tensile behavior of the cured film according to the different molecular Fig. 9 shows the effect of the molecular weight of polyol on the stress–strain behaviors (a) and the maximum tensile strength and elongation at break (b). The maximum tensile strength and... | |
train_7958 | What is described in this image? | With regard to the thermal stability of PLA-30TPS, Fig. 2 shows a comparative plot of the TGA thermograms for neat PLA and its blends with 30 wt.% TPS (with and without MLO compatibilizer). We can clearly observe a positive effect of MLO on overall thermal stability with improved thermal degradation temperature as MLO ... | |
train_7959 | What is described in this image? | The DSC curves for both the PLGA and the PLGA samples tested in vitro in PBS are presented in Figure 6. Figure 6. DSC curves of synthesized PLGA and of PLGA samples degraded in vitro in PBS. | |
train_7960 | What is described in this image? | A typical Flash DSC heat flow curve with a heating rate of 1000 K/s from 350 to 673 K for the as-cast fragile Pd-based MG is shown in Fig. 1. The inserted optical images give the sample exterior morphology transformation from square-like to spherical-like before and after heating on the chip sensor. Flash DSC heating i... | |
train_7961 | What is described in this image? | SEM micrographs of AlSi10Mg samples before heat treatment, produced by both conventional casting and SLM, are proposed in Fig. 6, while Fig. 7 reports micrographs of SLM built samples after heat treatments. In order to allow a better comparison, all high magnification images show the XY plane perpendicular to the SLM b... | |
train_7962 | What is described in this image? | stretching vibrations (asymmetric and symmetric vibrations) of the alkyl chain present in castor oil. As demonstrated in Figure 2, the absorption band 1736 cm-1 can be assigned to the -C= Figure 2. FT-IR spectra of (a) COPU-Si0, (b) COPU-Si1%, (c) | |
train_7963 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6(a) and (b) show the initial charge-discharge curves of NCM and LP-NCM, respectively. The specific capacity of LP-NCM is a little higher than that of NCM. However, the initial coulombic efficiency is almost the same for both samples. Further, the voltage Fig. 6(c) and (d) present the charge-discharge profiles of ... | |
train_7964 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Comparison of the DSC curves registered during heating from 305 to 383 K with a scanning rate of 5 K min at two different conditions of measurements. In order to better clarify the metastable character of phases KII and KIII, in Fig. 8 we have compared two DSC curves registered at two different measurements. On... | |
train_7965 | What is described in this image? | are depicted in Figure 6 corresponding to three wavelength regions. The IR bands that correspond to the functional groups on PEGDA, including nonresolved CH2 symmetric and asymmetric stretching (vCH2),12 overlap of C-O-C symmetric and asymmetric stretching (vCOC),28 and CH2 rocking (pCH2), 13,29,30 can be observed in t... | |
train_7966 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9. TEM micrograph of MRDCF-containing sample (PLA60). Fig. 9 shows that two distinct features were present in the micrograph. The fibers distributed uniformly in the most part of polymer matrix, whereas aggregates were also found in certain areas. This is consistent with the results of SEM analysis (Fig. 8). | |
train_7967 | What is described in this image? | where ß is the heating rate. The Ea can be calculated from the slope of the straight line in the plot of -ln(ß/T3) versus 1/Tp. Fig. 13 shows the plots of the calculated values of -ln(ß/T2) versus 1/Tg. The linear relationships were obtained for the PVA and doped PVA films. The activation energies were calculated from ... | |
train_7968 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows a theoretical DTA or DSC curve for a material which melts, together with that usually obtained in practical situations. During a melt the reaction should end at the peak when all the material has melted and when the reaction responsible for the absorption of heat has ceased, so that the curve should then... | |
train_7969 | What is described in this image? | Activation energies were estimated by adopting Eqs. (2)-(3). The estimated activation energies are presented in the Supplementary material (Fig. S-2). All investigated PCCs have shown statistically equivalent activation energies. It should be noted that the PCCs with 20 and 30 % NaCl have shown similar magnitudes of bo... | |
train_7970 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. DSC curves for PUPCM-10000 with various content of PEG-10000. melting enthalpy (ΔΗπ) and crystalline enthalpy (ΔΗς) of PUPCMs with different content of PEG are summarized in Table 1. The enthalpies calculated from DSC plots and the phase transition temperature increase with increasing PEG soft segment content, ... | |
train_7971 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6 shows the plots of -ln(q/Tp2) versus 1/Tp based on Kissinger's equation (a) as well as In q versus 1/7% based on Ozawa's theory (b) for the DGT/MHHPA and DGF/MHHPA Fig. 6 Linear plot of -In(q/Tg2) versus 1/Tp based on Kissinger's equation (a) as well as In q versus 1/T2 based on Ozawa's theory (b). | |
train_7972 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5 shows the total, reversing, and non-reversing heat flow signals for a sample of quench cooled polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the most widely cited MTDSC 'pilot' substance. The data was obtained at an underlying heating rate of 3ºC min-1, a modulation period of 50 s and a modulation amplitude of ± 2℃. The glas... | |
train_7973 | What is described in this image? | FT-IR spectra of n-tetradecane, polystyrene and the nanoencapsulated PCM are displayed in Fig. 3. In the Tet/PS nanocapsule spectrum, the absorption peaks at 1602 cm-1, 1491 cm-1 and 1448 cm-1 correspond to C=C stretching vibration of benzene skeleton. The absorption peaks at 3060 cm-1, 3026 cm-1, Fig. 3. FTIR spectra ... | |
train_7974 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4 shows the change of first cycle TTs (e.g., M. and Ac) with thermal cycling rates. The Ms decreased and the At slightly increased with increasing thermal cycling rate. The M temperatures were 153 ℃ and 142 ℃ for the cycling rates of 40 °C/min and 80 °C/min, respectively. On the other hand, the A, temperatures w... | |
train_7975 | What is described in this image? | TFSA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solidstate 19F static NMR measurements were conducted. Figure 4 Figure 4. DSC curves of bulk EMI-TFSA and EMI-TFSA@ZIF-8 at volumetric occupancies of 25, 66, and 100%. Heating (black) and cooling (gray) curves recorded at a fixed scan rate of 5 Kmin-1 Endo = endothermi... | |
train_7976 | What is described in this image? | The DSC heating thermograms of composites produced are shown in Fig. 7a and b. The glass transition temperature (Tx), crystallisation temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm), cold crystallisation enthalpy (AHcc), and melting enthalpy (AHm) | |
train_7977 | What is described in this image? | In all measurements, temperature regions which show a minor influence of frequency on the absolute value and regions with substantial influence attract attention. To show the influence of frequency more clearly, the ratio of the E'(33.3 Hz)/E'(1 Hz) was calculated and drawn as function of temperature for both heating r... | |
train_7978 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. Glass transition temperature versus composition for SAN18/PMMA | |
train_7979 | What is described in this image? | DSC thermograms (2nd heating cycle) of neat PMMA and graphene-containing composites are shown in Fig. 8 and the related values are presented in Table 2. The To of neat PMMA was found at ca. Fig. 8. Second heating DSC cycle of pure PMMA and its nanocomposites. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figur... | |
train_7980 | What is described in this image? | Swelling has the ability to affect surface properties, influence solute diffusion as well as the stability of hydrogels (Panda et al., 2000). Subsequent to photopolymerisation samples were placed in a vacuum oven for 24 h at 80 °C, prior to swelling analysis. For PEGDMA 600 hydrogels (Fig. 6) swelling percentage increa... | |
train_7981 | What is described in this image? | In comparison to the crystalline samples, the TGA scan of amorphous ATC samples (Fig. 8) showed only one broad step weight change, in the temperature range of 40-120℃, followed by degradation at temperature of about 207°C. The Karl Fischer titration analysis of amorphous samples showed water content in the range of 1-4... | |
train_7982 | What is described in this image? | cured with sebacic acid in the range of 0.05-0.95 conversion as an example. As shown in eq 7, the slope of line fitted on the curve of ln(ß/T1.92) vs 1000/T can give the activation energy of system. Figure 7 shows the change in activation energy of the studied systems with a degree of curing. As shown in figure, the ch... | |
train_7983 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8(a) shows the typical impedance plot of 10 wt% NaBr complexed polymer blend electrolyte film at room temperature. As Watanabe et al. [44] have pointed out that I2 must be taken from the region in which the Is versus V plot is linear, for calculating the transport numbers, in the present investigations too the sam... | |
train_7984 | What is described in this image? | The effects of MWCNT addition on the thermal properties of the host matrix (iPP), crystallization in Figs. 5 and 6 and melting in Fig. 7, were examined by employing DSC. Fig. 5 shows the thermograms for iPP and selected iPP/MWCNT nanocomposites at a cooling rate of 10 K/min, where the crystallization exotherms are obse... | |
train_7985 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 10 Identification of three phases in the microstructure of Bit-C using AFM (scale of left figure is 10 x 10 um) showing phase contrast left and topography right, The left picture shows a freshly prepared sample, the right picture shows the same sample aged at room temperature for about 3 weeks (courtesy Lab 8) Var... | |
train_7986 | What is described in this image? | The difficulty in observing, with the total heat flow signal, the T behaviors of the samples is demonstrated in Figure 1, in which amplified curves are also shown. Not only does melting mask the second To, as could be seen by the difference in ACp after and before melting, but also the first T is difficult to observe w... | |
train_7987 | What is described in this image? | The microplastics counted in each sample were also classified by particle morphology. Categories of classification included fragments, fibers, and clusters of fibers. Fig. 2 shows images of the plastic morphology and quantification of microplastics by particle morphology in each size range for 72 h irradiated PP (25 um... | |
train_7988 | What is described in this image? | Figure 8. Dependence of 77 for 1stS curves on TANN: (O) data for 3.5 nm thick PS film, (△) for 310 nm thick PS film. Straight lines denote linear fit. curves, on TANN are shown in Figure 8. For TANN below the glass-transition region, Ti decreases with increasing TANN. It is well known that To decreases with an increase... | |
train_7989 | What is described in this image? | To decreases from a value of 101.5 ± 0.3 ℃ at 30 K/min to 98.3 ± 0.2 ℃ at 2 K/min, as shown in Table 1. The DSC enthalpic response on heating at 10 K/min after cooling at various rates is shown in Fig. 7. As expected and again consistent with dilatometric results, the overshoot increases and T decreases with decreasing... | |
train_7990 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9. FTIR spectra of (a) caprylic acid, (b) microCA with UF shell (E:Tween 40), FTIR spectra of caprylic acid and microCA with UF shell prepared with different emulsifiers are shown in Fig. 9. It was observed that the emulsifiers used in the microencapsulation processes have no effect in FTIR analysis. | |
train_7991 | What is described in this image? | (logarithmic), as shown in Fig. 4a. The data measured by conventional DSC at a heating rate of 0.67 K s-1 (= between the characteristic temperatures for the two samples becomes smaller when the heating rate increases and finally coincides at 30,000 K s-1, as shown in Fig. 4a. To examine further the difference in therma... | |
train_7992 | What is described in this image? | and PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids. Figure 3 presents the DSC thermograms obtained from PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids containing various contents of OVPOSS. The Tg temperatures of the PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids are higher than that of the PCEP; in addition, the value of To increases on increasing the OVPOSS | |
train_7993 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. TGA thermograms for pristine bitumen, waste plastics, and bitumen/WP temperatures, etc. Fig. 1 shows typical TGA curves and the corresponding derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves obtained at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min for bitumen, different blended binders and waste plastic. TGA thermograms correspond to s... | |
train_7994 | What is described in this image? | The annealing process is irreversible and is indicated by the decreasing reversing specific heat capacity up to about 500-1000 min of the experiments. Irreversible processes, in general, are kinetically controlled, as proven by TMDSC when the experiments are performed with different frequency.38-41 Figure 10 shows such... | |
train_7995 | What is described in this image? | lines corresponding to some of the TS peaks in Fig. 3, are shown in Fig. 4, and the line numbered 8 corresponds to the Fig. 4. logio (T) versus 1/7 lines for some of the TS peaks shown in Fig. 4. These lines correspond to the peaks in Fig. 4 with polarisation temperatures, To, between -118 and -78°C (155 and 195 K), wi... | |
train_7996 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 15. SEM micrograph (using BSE detector) of Micronal DS5040X and their agglomerates. The effect of microstructural changes on the extent of changes in the mechanical properties has also been evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the undisturbed fracture surface of mortar with microencapsulated PCM. ... | |
train_7997 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7: DSC thermograms and observed PLM images for (A) ABPC-10, a) upon heating to 125.0 °C, and cooling to b) 120.0 ℃, c) 75.0 ℃, and d) 40 ℃; and (B) ABPC-12, a) upon heating to 100.0 ℃, and cooling to b) 95.0 ℃, c) Figure 7 (A) illustrates the DSC heating and cooling cycles for sample ABPC-12 and its correspondin... | |
train_7998 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 displays the thermograph of sample C1, P(NVCL100), which exhibited a Tg of 146 ℃. PNVCL has a Tg of 147 ℃ and is considered an amorphous polymer [25-27]. Figure 5. A representative thermograph of samples C1, S2, and S3. The DSC of S2 and S3, as displayed in Figure 5, featured a Tg value of 65.80 °C | |
train_7999 | What is described in this image? | Despite the importance of the bioavailability of decursinol, very little is known about its stereographic molecular structure (bond lengths and angles between constituent atoms in Fig. 1) and physicochemical properties. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is no report focusing on decursinol crystal structure i... |
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