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README.md

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-license: apache-2.0
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+## Dataset Card for `Text2Sparql-Clean`
+
+### 🧾 Dataset Summary
+
+`Text2Sparql-Clean` is a **clean, standardized, and multilingual dataset** for the task of translating natural language questions into SPARQL queries over the **DBpedia** knowledge graph. It aggregates and harmonizes four widely-used benchmarks in the text-to-SPARQL research field:
+
+* **QALD (versions 1–9)**
+* **LC-QuAD 1.0**
+* **Orange/paraqa-sparqltotext**
+* **julioc-p/Question-Sparql**
+
+The dataset includes questions in **English** and **Spanish**, making it a valuable resource for both **monolingual** and **cross-lingual** question answering over knowledge graphs.
+
+This is the **second official version** of the dataset.
+
+---
+
+### 🛠️ Key Features and Improvements
+
+This dataset goes beyond simple aggregation. It includes several **important improvements** over the original datasets:
+
+* ✅ **Standardized SPARQL queries**: All queries were revised to **include the necessary PREFIX declarations**, ensuring compatibility with DBpedia’s SPARQL endpoint.
+* ✅ **Syntactic and semantic validation**: Every SPARQL query was checked for **syntactic correctness** and **semantic executability**. Faulty or malformed queries were either **fixed** or **removed**.
+* ✅ **Clean, high-quality corpus**: The result is a **clean dataset** where all queries are **both executable and meaningful**, enabling reliable model training and evaluation.
+
+---
+
+### ✅ Supported Tasks
+
+* **Text-to-SPARQL generation**
+  → Given a natural language question, generate the corresponding SPARQL query over DBpedia.
+
+---
+
+### 🌍 Languages
+
+* **English** (`en`)
+* **Spanish** (`es`)
+
+---
+
+### 📁 Dataset Format
+
+Each data instance contains:
+
+* `question`: The question in natural language (English or Spanish)
+* `query`: The corresponding SPARQL query
+* `dataset-id`: Original dataset source (e.g., `QALD-X`, `LCQUAD`, `Orange`, `JULIOC`)
+
+---
+
+### 🔧 Dataset Creation Process
+
+This dataset is the result of a **comprehensive curation pipeline**:
+
+1. **Aggregation** of four public datasets into a unified structure.
+  * **QALD 1-9**: https://github.com/ag-sc/QALD
+  * **LC-QuAD 1.0**: https://github.com/AskNowQA/LC-QuAD
+  * **Paraqa-SparqlToText**: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Orange/paraqa-sparqltotext
+  * **Question-Sparql**: https://huggingface.co/datasets/julioc-p/Question-Sparql
+3. **Normalization** of query formats and syntax, resulting in all queries with PREFIX.
+4. **Insertion of missing PREFIX declarations** to ensure compliance with DBpedia standards.
+5. **Execution validation**: All queries were tested against a DBpedia SPARQL endpoint. Queries that failed were either corrected (if trivial) or removed.
+6. **Language consistency checks** for both English and Spanish questions.
+
+---
+
+### 💡 Use Cases
+
+* Training and evaluating **text-to-SPARQL models**
+* Developing **multilingual semantic parsers**
+* Enabling **cross-lingual question answering** over structured knowledge graphs
+* Fine-tuning large language models on **knowledge-graph-to-text** tasks
+
+---
+
+### 📚 Citation
+
+If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:
+
+```
+@misc{text2sparql-clean,
+  author = {Marcos Gôlo, Paulo do Carmo, Edgard Marx, Ricardo Marcacini},
+  title = {text2sparql-clean: Natural Language Text to SPARQL for DBpedia Cleaned Dataset},
+  year = {2025},
+  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/aksw/Text2Sparql-Clean}},
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 🪪 Licensing
+
+license: apache-2.0
+
+Check each dataset’s original repository for full licensing terms.
+
+---