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A. The trial and appeal proceedings
On 9 November 1984 Derek Edwards was convicted at Sheffield Crown Court, inter alia, of one count of robbery and two counts of burglary. The jury’s decision was by a majority verdict of ten to two. He received a sentence of imprisonment of ten years for the robbery, and two sentences of eight years each for the burglary offences. All three sentences were to be served concurrently.
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"GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1992}, "doc_id": "001-57775", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court on 13 September 1991 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c) within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 13071/87) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) on 29 September 1986 by Derek Edwards, a British citizen. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the United Kingdom recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The object of the request was to obtain a decision from the Court as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 paras. 1 and 3 (d) and Article 13 (art. 6-1, art. 6-3-d, art. 13) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3 (d) of the rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Sir John Freeland, the elected judge of British nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). On 28 September 1991, in the presence of the Registrar, the President drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr J. Cremona, Mr Th\u00f3r Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Mr F. Matscher, Mr R. Macdonald, Mr C. Russo, Mr I. Foighel and Mr F. Bigi (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43). Subsequently, Mr L.-E. Pettiti and Mr J. De Meyer, substitute judges, replaced Mr Cremona whose term of office had expired and whose successor had taken up his duties before the hearing and Mr Macdonald who was unable to take part in the further consideration of the case (Rules 2 para. 3, 22 para. 1 and 24 para. 1).\n\nMr Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5) and, through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the Government of the United Kingdom (\u201cthe Government\u201c), the Delegate of the Commission and the applicant\u2019s representative on the organisation of the procedure (Rules 37 para. 1 and 38). In accordance with the President\u2019s orders, the Registrar received, on 7 February 1992, the applicant\u2019s and the Government\u2019s memorials, and, on 10 June 1992, the applicant\u2019s claims under Article 50 (art. 50). By letter of 8 April 1992 the Secretary to the Commission informed him that the Delegate would submit his observations at the hearing.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 24 June 1992. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mrs D. Brooks, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Agent, Mr D. Pannick, Q.C., Counsel, Mr R. Heaton, Adviser;\n\nfor the Commission Mr F. Ermacora, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicant Mr G. Clarke, Counsel, Mr J.K. Campbell (Freeman Johnson), Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mr Pannick for the Government, by Mr Ermacora for the Commission and by Mr Clarke and Mr Campbell for the applicant, as well as replies to questions put by the Court and by two of its members individually. Various documents were filed by the applicant in the course of the hearing.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nA. The trial and appeal proceedings\n\nOn 9 November 1984 the applicant was convicted at Sheffield Crown Court, inter alia, of one count of robbery and two counts of burglary. The jury\u2019s decision was by a majority verdict of ten to two. He received a sentence of imprisonment of ten years for the robbery, and two sentences of eight years each for the burglary offences. All three sentences were to be served concurrently. The evidence against the applicant consisted of detailed oral admissions that he had allegedly made to the police concerning his involvement in the three offences. According to the police he was questioned on three separate occasions and contemporaneous notes were taken of his statements. However, he had declined to sign them. His defence during the trial was to maintain that these statements had been concocted by the police. He protested his innocence pointing out that he had not denied his numerous misdeeds in the past. The only witnesses called by the defence during the trial were the two police officers who had interviewed him.\n\nLeave to appeal against the sentence but not the conviction was granted by a single judge of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) on 5 February 1985. On 21 May 1985 the substantive appeal against sentence was dismissed by the full court.\n\nThe victim of the robbery (Miss Sizer) which took place on 14 April 1984 was a lady of 82 years of age who was awakened from her sleep to find a man standing over her. Before having her hands tied behind her back and being blindfolded she was able to take a quick glance at him. She remained tied up until she was freed the next morning. In a statement to the police she gave a description of the man which corresponded with the applicant and stated that she thought she would recognise him again. She was not called as a witness during the trial but her written statement was read to the jury. The two counts of burglary related to separate incidents which occurred on 19 April and 10 June 1984 also involving the home of an elderly woman. On the latter occasion the police arrested the applicant\u2019s co-defendant in the vicinity. It was his statement to the police which led to the applicant\u2019s arrest.\n\nOn 16 May 1985, the applicant petitioned the Secretary of State for the Home Department with complaints against police officers who had investigated his case and given evidence at his trial. An independent police investigation was ordered in the course of which certain facts came to the applicant\u2019s attention (see paragraphs 11-13 below). On 3 December 1985, the applicant applied for leave to appeal against conviction out of time. The police report (the Carmichael report), dated 5 December 1985, was delivered to the Police Complaints Authority which directed it to the Director of Public Prosecutions. The report was requested by the applicant\u2019s advisers but its disclosure was refused on the grounds of public interest immunity. In February 1986, the Director of Public Prosecutions decided that there was insufficient evidence to support criminal charges against the police officers, but recommended that disciplinary charges be brought against three police officers. At the disciplinary hearing, on 13 to 15 June 1988, the tribunal decided that there was no case to answer and dismissed the charges.\n\nB. Reference by the Secretary of State to the Court of Appeal\n\nOn 21 March 1986, the Secretary of State for the Home Department referred the applicant\u2019s case to the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) under section 17 (1)(a) of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (\u201cthe 1968 Act\u201c; see paragraphs 19 and 20 below). The reference was heard on 18 July 1986 and judgment delivered on the same date.\n\nThe applicant submitted to the Court of Appeal that the verdict should be set aside as unsafe and unsatisfactory because of certain shortcomings in the prosecution case, in particular, that certain information had been withheld by the police. At the trial one of the police witnesses had stated under cross-examination that no fingerprints were found at the scene of the crime. In fact two fingerprints had been found which later turned out to be those of the next door neighbour who was a regular visitor to the house. The applicant had not been informed of this by the prosecution before his trial. It was argued by the applicant that the police officer had told lies and that his veracity as regards the admission statements was thus called into question. The Court of Appeal rejected this submission as follows: \u201cWe do not accept that interpretation of Detective Sergeant Hoyland\u2019s evidence. We think quite plainly what he was indicating there and intended to indicate was that no fingerprints relating to either of the two alleged burglars were discovered at the scene: neither the fingerprint of Rose nor the fingerprint of Edwards, the present appellant. We do not think, had the matter been carried further, it would have been demonstrated that Hoyland was a person who to that extent could not be believed on his own.\u201c\n\nA further shortcoming complained of by the applicant related to the fact that the police had shown two volumes of photographs of possible burglars (including a photograph of the applicant) to the elderly victim of the robbery who said that she had caught a fleeting glimpse of the burglar. Her statement, read to the jury, said that she thought she would be able to recognise her assailant. Yet she did not pick out the applicant from the photographs. This fact was not, however, mentioned by one of the police witnesses who had made a written statement which was read out to the jury and had not been indicated to the applicant before or during his trial. Counsel for the applicant submitted to the Court of Appeal that this omission cast such doubt on the evidence of the prosecution that it might have led the jury to believe that the confession statements had indeed been \u201cmanufactured\u201c by the police as the applicant alleged. The Court of Appeal also rejected this argument: \u201cThe fact that Miss Sizer had a fleeting glimpse of her assailant, and the fact that such identification as she did make was largely directed to other matters of identification rather than his features, leads us to believe that the jury would not have been influenced to act other than they did if they had the full story of the photographs and of Police Constable Esdon\u2019s activities with regard to that.\u201c\n\nThe Court of Appeal examined other impugned shortcomings which it did not consider to cast any doubt on the verdict. It was of the opinion that, even if these matters had been investigated, it would have made no difference to the outcome.\n\nThe court concluded as follows: \u201cIt is clear that there was some slipshod police work in the present case, no doubt because they took the view that here was a man who had admitted these crimes fully, and consequently there was very little need for them to indulge in a further verification of whether what he said was true. Although this is a matter which perhaps casts the police in a somewhat lazy or idle light, we do not think in the circumstances there was anything unsafe or unsatisfactory in the end about these convictions. Consequently, treating this matter as we have to according to section 17 of the Act, we think this appeal fails and must be dismissed.\u201c\n\nCounsel for the applicant did not request the Court of Appeal to exercise its discretionary power to rehear evidence under section 23 of the 1968 Act (see paragraph 23 below) with a view, for example, to cross-examining the police officers who gave evidence at the applicant\u2019s trial. He considered that there was little prospect of such a request being granted. Nor did he request the court to order the production of the Carmichael report (see paragraph 9 above).\n\nThe applicant took advice concerning the possibility of appealing to the House of Lords but was informed, in an opinion of counsel dated 8 September 1986, that there were no grounds on which an appeal could successfully be pursued before the House of Lords. He petitioned the Secretary of State for the Home Department on 3 June 1987 without success. He is currently serving a sentence of two years\u2019 imprisonment following his conviction on 26 March 1992 at Sheffield Crown Court on three counts of burglary.", "applicant": "Derek Edwards", "offset": 3528, "idx_mapping": [3528, 3529, 3530, 3531, 3532, 3533, 3534, 3535, 3536, 3537, 3538, 3539, 3540, 3541, 3542, 3543, 3544, 3545, 3546, 3547, 3548, 3549, 3550, 3551, 3552, 3553, 3554, 3555, 3556, 3557, 3558, 3559, 3560, 3561, 3562, 3563, 3564, 3565, 3566, 3567, 3568, 3569, 3570, 3571, 3572, 3573, 3574, 3575, 3576, 3577, 3578, 3579, 3580, 3581, 3582, 3583, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3528, 3597, 3598, 3599, 3600, 3601, 3602, 3603, 3604, 3605, 3606, 3607, 3608, 3609, 3610, 3611, 3612, 3613, 3614, 3615, 3616, 3617, 3618, 3619, 3620, 3621, 3622, 3623, 3624, 3625, 3626, 3627, 3628, 3629, 3630, 3631, 3632, 3633, 3634, 3635, 3636, 3637, 3638, 3639, 3640, 3641, 3642, 3643, 3644, 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648, 3649, 3650, 3651, 3652, 3653, 3654, 3655, 3656, 3657, 3658, 3659, 3660, 3661, 3662, 3663, 3664, 3665, 3666, 3667, 3668, 3669, 3670, 3671, 3672, 3673, 3674, 3675, 3676, 3677, 3678, 3679, 3680, 3681, 3682, 3683, 3684, 3685, 3686, 3687, 3688, 3689, 3690, 3691, 3692, 3693, 3694, 3695, 3696, 3697, 3698, 3699, 3700, 3701, 3702, 3703, 3704, 3705, 3706, 3707, 3708, 3709, 3710, 3711, 3712, 3713, 3714, 3715, 3716, 3717, 3718, 3719, 3720, 3721, 3722, 3723, 3724, 3725, 3726, 3727, 3728, 3729, 3730, 3731, 3732, 3733, 3734, 3735, 3736, 3737, 3738, 3739, 3740, 3741, 3742, 3743, 3744, 3745, 3746, 3747, 3748, 3749, 3750, 3751, 3752, 3753, 3754, 3755, 3756, 3757, 3758, 3759, 3760, 3761, 3762, 3763, 3764, 3765, 3766, 3767, 3768, 3769, 3770, 3771, 3772, 3773, 3774, 3775, 3776, 3777, 3778, 3779, 3780, 3781, 3782, 3783, 3784, 3785, 3786, 3787, 3788, 3789, 3790, 3791, 3792, 3793, 3794, 3795, 3796, 3797, 3798, 3799, 3800, 3801, 3802, 3803, 3804, 3805, 3806, 3807, 3808, 3809, 3810, 3811, 3812, 3813, 3814, 3815, 3816, 3817, 3818, 3819, 3820, 3821, 3822, 3823, 3824, 3825, 3826, 3827, 3828, 3829, 3830, 3831, 3832, 3833, 3834, 3835, 3836, 3837, 3838, 3839, 3840, 3841, 3842, 3843, 3844, 3845, 3846, 3847, 3848, 3849, 3850, 3851, 3852, 3853, 3854, 3855, 3856, 3857, 3858, 3859, 3860, 3861, 3862, 3863, 3864, 3865, 3866, 3867, 3868, 3869, 3870, 3871, 3872, 3873, 3874, 3875, 3876, 3877, 3878, 3879, 3880, 3881, 3882, 3883, 3884, 3885, 3886, 3887, 3888, 3889, 3890, 3891, 3892, 3893, 3894, 3895, 3896, 3897, 3898, 3899, 3900, 3901, 3902, 3903, 3904, 3905, 3906, 3907, 3908, 3909, 3910, 3911, 3912, 3913, 3914, 3915, 3916, 3917, 3918, 3919, 3920, 3921, 3922, 3923, 3924, 3925, 3926, 3927, 3928, 3929, 3930, 3931, 3932, 3933, 3934, 3935, 3936, 3937, 3938, 3939, 3940, 3941, 3942, 3943, 3944, 3945, 3946, 3947], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Sven Olof Göthlin was born in 1943 and lives in Sundborn. A. The writ of execution
On 8 September 2009 the Enforcement Authority (Kronofogdemyndigheten) in Falun issued a writ of execution (beslut om utmätning) attaching a mobile sawmill belonging to Sven Olof Göthlin. It noted that Sven Olof Göthlin’s total enforceable tax debts amounted to SEK 246,199 (roughly EUR 27,300) and that the sawmill had an estimated value of SEK 300,000 (roughly EUR 33,400). The Authority decided to leave the sawmill in Sven Olof Göthlin’s possession but informed him that he was not allowed to sell or dispose of it or otherwise make use of it in a way that might negatively affect its value.
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Grahn", "start_offset": 379}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 420, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e7", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em7", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Falun", "start_offset": 415}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 444, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e8", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em8", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Swedish Government", "start_offset": 426}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 510, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e9", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em9", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr O. Widgren", "start_offset": 497}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 547, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e10", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em10", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ministry for Foreign Affairs", "start_offset": 519}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 700, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em11", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "12 September 2012", "start_offset": 683}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 829, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em12", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1943", "start_offset": 825}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", 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Justice (Justitiekanslern)", "start_offset": 12292}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 12531, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e55", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em130", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "SEK 80,000", "start_offset": 12521}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12583, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e56", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em131", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "42 days", "start_offset": 12576}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 12662, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e57", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em132", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "SEK 2,940", "start_offset": 12653}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12763, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e58", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em133", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "15 October 2012", "start_offset": 12748}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12789, "entity_id": "001-147045_a7_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-147045_a7_em134", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Chancellor of Justice", "start_offset": 12768}]}, "annotator8": null, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Sven Olof G\u00f6thlin", "meta": {"applicant": "Sven Olof G\u00f6thlin", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 53, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2014}, "doc_id": "001-147045", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 8307/11) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Swedish national, Mr Sven Olof G\u00f6thlin (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 9 November 2010.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Mr A. Grahn, a lawyer practising in Falun. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr O. Widgren, of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant complained, in particular, about the proportionality of the detention order under Article 5 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nOn 12 September 2012 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1943 and lives in Sundborn.\n\nA. The writ of execution\n\nOn 8 September 2009 the Enforcement Authority (Kronofogdemyndigheten) in Falun issued a writ of execution (beslut om utm\u00e4tning) attaching a mobile sawmill belonging to the applicant. It noted that the applicant\u2019s total enforceable tax debts amounted to SEK 246,199 (roughly EUR 27,300) and that the sawmill had an estimated value of SEK 300,000 (roughly EUR 33,400). The Authority decided to leave the sawmill in the applicant\u2019s possession but informed him that he was not allowed to sell or dispose of it or otherwise make use of it in a way that might negatively affect its value.\n\nThe applicant appealed against the decision to the District Court (tingsr\u00e4tten) of Falun and also requested the Enforcement Authority to stay the sale of the sawmill while the court considered the case. The request for the interim measure was granted on 29 September 2009.\n\nOn 1 February 2010 the District Court rejected the applicant\u2019s appeal and upheld the writ of execution. The interim measure was consequently also lifted.\n\nUpon further appeal by the applicant, both the Svea Court of Appeal (hovr\u00e4tten) and the Supreme Court (H\u00f6gsta domstolen) refused leave to appeal, the latter on 6 May 2010.\n\nB. The applicant\u2019s detention\n\nOn 22 April 2010 the Enforcement Authority contacted the applicant in order to plan the sale of the attached sawmill. In his reply a few days later, the applicant stated that he had removed the sawmill from his property and hidden it. He also submitted a written statement specifying that he had removed and hidden the sawmill, alone when no one else was at home.\n\nOn 5 May 2010 the Enforcement Authority visited the applicant\u2019s property and confirmed that the sawmill was no longer there. The Authority also handed the applicant a summons for questioning on 7 May 2010 on its premises, as well as an injunction in which he was ordered to provide the Authority with the necessary information to be able to recuperate the sawmill. The injunction also informed the applicant that, according to Chapter 4, section 14, of the Enforcement Code (Uts\u00f6kningsbalken), he was duty-bound to give information about his assets and their location. It further informed him of the Authority\u2019s intention to ask the District Court to detain him if he did not cooperate.\n\nAt the questioning, the applicant acknowledged that he knew that the sawmill was attached and that he was not allowed to dispose of it in any way. However, since he considered that the basis for the attachment was wrong, he had decided to hide it. He stated that he took full responsibility for his actions and that nobody but him had been involved or knew where the sawmill was. He refused to give any information about its whereabouts but admitted that he had driven some distance with it around mid-April 2010. He further claimed that it could be only partly in his possession and that he was not sure that he could retrieve it if he wanted to. He stated that he had even considered setting fire to the sawmill. Meanwhile, the applicant\u2019s wife was also questioned. She informed the Enforcement Authority that she had no information about where the sawmill was hidden.\n\nOn 17 May 2010 the Enforcement Authority requested the District Court to detain the applicant because he had refused to cooperate and give the required information. It relied on Chapter 2, section 16, and Chapter 4, section 14, of the Enforcement Code. On the same day, the District Court assigned a public defender for the applicant.\n\nThe applicant opposed the measure and claimed that it would be in violation of Articles 3 and 5 of the Convention to detain him and that no extraordinary reasons for such a measure existed.\n\nOn 27 May 2010, after having held an oral hearing, the District Court rejected the Enforcement Authority\u2019s request. It first considered that Swedish legislation on this point did not contravene the said provisions in the Convention. The question was whether there were extraordinary reasons to detain the applicant. In this respect, the court noted that the writ of execution had gained legal force on 6 May 2010 when the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal. Thus, the court held, only a short time had passed since the matter had been finally resolved. It further observed that the Enforcement Authority had not resorted to any other measures in order to convince the applicant to reveal the location of the property, such as imposing a conditional fine. Whilst recognising that the applicant so far had been reluctant to give any information about the location of the sawmill, the court found that it could not be ruled out that a less severe coercive measure would alter his attitude. Consequently, the court concluded that currently there did not exist such extraordinary reasons to detain the applicant.\n\nThe Enforcement Authority appealed to the Court of Appeal, maintaining its claims and adding that, according to the preparatory works of the Enforcement Code, it was only necessary that the debtor had received an injunction but refused to comply with it. It further submitted that having regard to the applicant\u2019s stance on the matter, the imposition of a conditional fine would most likely have no effect. Lastly, the Authority stated that it had reported the applicant to the police on the ground that he had committed a breach of an official order when he had removed and hidden the sawmill.\n\nThe applicant opposed the appeal, maintaining his claims and adding that he considered that, if he were detained, it would amount to imprisonment to obtain a confession. In his view, it would be clearly disproportionate to the aim pursued to detain him.\n\nOn 28 June 2010 the Court of Appeal quashed the lower court\u2019s decision and granted the Enforcement Authority\u2019s request. It stated that a debtor had to give necessary information about his assets and failure to do so could result in the debtor being detained, if there were extraordinary reasons for detention. Moreover, it was not necessary to impose a fine initially. Having regard to the size of the debts, the value of the hidden property and the fact that the applicant had maintained his refusal to reveal its location, the Court of Appeal found that there were extraordinary reasons to detain the applicant and that detention was proportionate to the aim pursued. In reaching its decision, the court found that the measure did not breach the Convention. Lastly, it noted that it should be informed as soon as the applicant had been detained in order to hold a hearing as to the continued detention.\n\nThe applicant was detained the following day. Consequently, on 30 June 2010, the Court of Appeal held an oral hearing and decided to maintain its earlier decision. At the hearing, the applicant stated that the taxes and the attachment had been imposed on him wrongly and that as long as these errors had not been corrected he would not cooperate to bring back the sawmill. The court reiterated its reasons as stated in its earlier decision and added that the applicant\u2019s detention should be reviewed every second week and that he should be released immediately if he revealed the location of the property. Moreover, under no circumstances could the applicant be kept in detention for more than three months.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Supreme Court which, on 6 July 2010, refused leave to appeal.\n\nOn 13 July 2010 the District Court reviewed the applicant\u2019s detention and held a new hearing in the case as required by Chapter 2, section 16, of the Enforcement Code. The Enforcement Authority maintained that the applicant should be kept in detention since he still had not given any information about the location of the sawmill. It stated that it had not been able to undertake any investigative measures, since the applicant had stated that he had taken the sawmill far away from his property by car and its whereabouts thus were unknown to the Authority. The applicant, who requested his immediate release, maintained his refusal to give any information about the location of the sawmill and claimed, inter alia, that he suffered from high blood pressure and panic anxiety attacks, causing him difficulties sleeping. Moreover, he stated that he had recently been treated for prostate cancer and that he was not allowed to take his normal medication against his panic attacks since it contained narcotic substances. In its decision, the District Court noted that the applicant maintained his refusal to reveal the whereabouts of the sawmill and found, having regard to the proportionality of the measure, that there were extraordinary reasons for the applicant\u2019s continued detention. Hence, the District Court decided that he should remain in custody.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal which, on 20 July 2010, rejected the appeal. Upon further appeal, the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal since a new decision had already been taken by the District Court at that time.\n\nOn 27 July 2010 the District Court again reviewed the detention and held a new hearing in the case. The Enforcement Authority maintained its earlier point of view and acknowledged that no investigative measure had been possible due to the applicant\u2019s continued refusal to cooperate. The applicant maintained his earlier position and added that he suffered from asthmatic symptoms due to the dry air in custody. Having regard to his age and health problems, he considered that it was clearly disproportionate to prolong his detention. The District Court found that there were still extraordinary reasons for the applicant\u2019s continued detention and that it was not disproportionate to the aim pursued. It thus ordered that he should remain in custody.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal which, on 2 August 2010, rejected the appeal. On 5 August 2010 the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal.\n\nOn 9 August 2010 the District Court once again reviewed the detention and held a hearing in the case. The parties maintained their earlier standpoints. The District Court found that continued detention of the applicant would be disproportionate to the measures he had taken. Hence, the District Court concluded that there were no extraordinary reasons for the applicant\u2019s continued detention. As a consequence, the District Court ordered his immediate release and the order was implemented the same day.\n\nThe Enforcement Authority appealed to the Court of Appeal which, on 13 August 2010, rejected the appeal.\n\nOn 7 September 2010 the Supreme Court dismissed the Enforcement Authority\u2019s further appeal and consequently, on 23 September 2010, the District Court struck the case out of its list of cases as the case was closed.\n\nAs concerns the Enforcement Authority\u2019s police report concerning the applicant\u2019s alleged breach of an official order pursuant to Chapter 17, section 13, of the Penal Code (Brottsbalken), the preliminary investigation was discontinued with reference to provisions on waiver of prosecution (\u00e5talsunderl\u00e5telse) on 13 April 2011.\n\nOn 4 October 2011 the Enforcement Authority decided to revoke the writ of execution concerning the sawmill since it considered that no additional circumstances had emerged that could reveal its location. Furthermore, it was considered that there were no other measures which could produce results to that end.\n\nC. The complaint to the Chancellor of Justice\n\nOn 26 April 2012 the applicant submitted a claim for damages to the Chancellor of Justice (Justitiekanslern), pursuant to the Act on Compensation for Deprivation of Liberty and Other Coercive Measures (Lagen om ers\u00e4ttning vid frihetsber\u00f6vande och andra tv\u00e5ngs\u00e5tg\u00e4rder, 1998:714), in the amount of SEK 80,000 for the suffering he had endured during the 42 days he was deprived of his liberty. He further demanded to be reimbursed SEK 2,940 for costs which had been deducted from his pension during his time in detention.\n\nOn 15 October 2012 the Chancellor of Justice rejected the claim. The Chancellor noted that the decision to detain the applicant had been taken by a court of law, in accordance with relevant legal provisions. 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In January 1967 Dennis Stafford was convicted of murder. He was released on licence in April 1979. His licence required him to cooperate with his probation officer and to remain in the United Kingdom unless his probation officer agreed to his travelling abroad. Soon after release Dennis Stafford left the United Kingdom in breach of his licence and went to live in South Africa. In September 1980 his licence was revoked and thereafter he was continuously “unlawfully at large”.
|
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10947, "entity_id": "001-60486_a8_e68", "entity_mention_id": "001-60486_a8_em77", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "23 July 1998", "start_offset": 10935}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10966, "entity_id": "001-60486_a8_e69", "entity_mention_id": "001-60486_a8_em78", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "House of Lords", "start_offset": 10952}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 11027, "entity_id": "001-60486_a8_e61", "entity_mention_id": "001-60486_a8_em79", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Court of Appeal", "start_offset": 11012}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 11107, "entity_id": "001-60486_a8_e70", "entity_mention_id": "001-60486_a8_em80", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Lord Steyn", "start_offset": 11097}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 11552, "entity_id": "001-60486_a8_e71", "entity_mention_id": "001-60486_a8_em81", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Lord Bingham", "start_offset": 11540}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11747, "entity_id": "001-60486_a8_e72", "entity_mention_id": "001-60486_a8_em82", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "22 December 1998", "start_offset": 11731}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Dennis Stafford", "meta": {"applicant": "Dennis Stafford", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 53, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "GRANDCHAMBER", "year": 2002}, "doc_id": "001-60486", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 46295/99) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a United Kingdom national, Mr Dennis Stafford (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 24 July 1998.\n\nThe applicant was represented before the Court by Mr M. Purdon, a lawyer practising in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr D. Walton, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant, sentenced to mandatory life imprisonment for murder, alleged that his detention after recall on life licence had ceased to be justified by the original sentence and that he had no opportunity for the lawfulness of that continued detention to be reviewed by a court. He relied on Article 5 \u00a7\u00a7 1 and 4 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). On 29 May 2001 it was declared admissible by a Chamber of that Section, composed of the following judges: Mr J.-P. Costa, President, Mr W. Fuhrmann, Mr P. K\u016bris, Mrs F. Tulkens, Mr K. Jungwiert, Sir Nicolas Bratza and Mr K. Traja, and also of Mrs S. Doll\u00e9, Section Registrar [Note by the Registry. The Court's decision is obtainable from the Registry]. On 4 September 2001 the Chamber relinquished jurisdiction in favour of the Grand Chamber, neither of the parties having objected to relinquishment (Article 30 of the Convention and Rule 72).\n\nThe composition of the Grand Chamber was determined according to the provisions of Article 27 \u00a7\u00a7 2 and 3 of the Convention and Rule 24.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed written observations on the merits. In addition, third-party comments were received from Justice, which had been given leave by the President to intervene in the written procedure (Article 36 \u00a7 2 of the Convention and Rule 61 \u00a7 3).\n\nA hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 20 February 2002 (Rule 59 \u00a7 2). There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr D. Walton, Agent, Mr D. Pannick QC, Mr M. Shaw, Counsel, Ms M. Morrish, Mr T. Morris, Advisers; (b) for the applicant Mr E. Fitzgerald QC, Mr T. Owen QC, Counsel, Mr M. Purdon, Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mr Fitzgerald and Mr Pannick.\n\nOn 24 April 2002 Mr B. Zupan\u010di\u010d and Mrs H.S. Greve, who were unable to take part in the further consideration of the case, were replaced by Mr V. Butkevych and Mr R. T\u00fcrmen.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nIn January 1967 the applicant was convicted of murder. He was released on licence in April 1979. His licence required him to cooperate with his probation officer and to remain in the United Kingdom unless his probation officer agreed to his travelling abroad.\n\nSoon after release the applicant left the United Kingdom in breach of his licence and went to live in South Africa. In September 1980 his licence was revoked and thereafter he was continuously \u201cunlawfully at large\u201d.\n\nIn April 1989 the applicant was arrested in the United Kingdom, having returned from South Africa in possession of a false passport. Possession of a false passport led to a fine. He remained in custody, however, due to the revocation of the life licence. He made written representations to the Parole Board against the 1980 decision to recall him to prison but the Board rejected those representations and recommended a further review in July 1990.\n\nIn November 1990 the Board recommended the applicant's release subject to a satisfactory release plan. This recommendation was accepted by the Secretary of State. In March 1991 the applicant was released on life licence.\n\nIn July 1993 the applicant was arrested and remanded in custody on counterfeiting charges. On 19 July 1994 he was convicted on two counts of conspiracy to forge travellers' cheques and passports and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.\n\nIn September 1994 the Parole Board recommended revocation of the applicant's life licence and further review at the parole eligibility date of his six-year sentence. The Secretary of State accepted the Board's recommendation, revoking the licence under section 39(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 (\u201cthe 1991 Act\u201d). The applicant made written representations, but the Board maintained its decision.\n\nIn 1996 the Parole Board conducted a formal review of the applicant's case and recommended his release on life licence. It said: \u201cThis case is exceptional in that it is a recall one and he has previously made a successful transition from prison to the community without violent reoffending ... It is felt that the risk of serious reoffending in the future is very low. Recent reports of progress in prison have been favourable and no untoward incidents have been reported; positive links with his family have been maintained. In view of these facts, it is now felt that he could be released safely and appropriately into the community. The Panel took the view after lengthy consideration that nothing further would be gained by a period in open conditions, and the successful return to the community, bearing in mind all risk factors, would be best facilitated by returning to his family directly.\u201d\n\nBy letter of 27 February 1997 to the applicant, the Secretary of State rejected the Board's recommendation in the following terms: \u201c... [The Secretary of State] notes with concern the circumstances surrounding your two recalls to prison ... Both these occasions represent a serious and grave breach of the trust placed in you as a life licensee and demonstrate a lack of regard for the requirements of supervision. Against this background the Secretary of State is not yet satisfied that if released on licence for a third time, you would fully comply with the conditions of your life licence. He notes that you have spent the past 3 1/2 years in closed prison conditions and therefore have not on this occasion followed the normal progression of life sentence prisoners. This involves a period in open conditions, giving you the opportunity to demonstrate sustained good behaviour and responsibility in a less secure environment; and to experience the full range of resettlement activities in preparation for release. For these reasons, the Secretary of State considers that you should be transferred to an open prison for a final period of testing and preparation. Your next formal review by the Parole Board will begin 2 years after your arrival there.\u201d\n\nOn 10 June 1997 the applicant was granted leave to seek judicial review of the Secretary of State's decisions to reject the Board's recommendation for immediate release and to require him to spend a further two years in open conditions before the next review.\n\nOn 1 July 1997, but for the revocation of his life licence, the applicant would have been released from prison on the expiry of the sentence for fraud, pursuant to provisions whereby prisoners serving determinate sentences of more than four years were released after serving two-thirds of their sentence (section 33 of the 1991 Act).\n\nThe Secretary of State acknowledged in the proceedings that there was not a significant risk that the applicant would commit further violent offences, but asserted that he could lawfully detain a post-tariff mandatory life prisoner solely because there was a risk that he might commit further non-violent imprisonable offences.\n\nOn 5 September 1997 Mr Justice Collins quashed the Secretary of State's decision of February 1997, holding that it was beyond his power to detain a post-tariff life prisoner other than on the basis that there existed an unacceptable risk that he might commit a future offence involving a risk to the life or limb of the public.\n\nOn 26 November 1997 the Court of Appeal allowed the Secretary of State's appeal, holding that section 35(2) of the 1991 Act conferred a broad discretion on the Secretary of State to direct the release of mandatory life prisoners and his decision not to release the applicant was in accordance with the previously stated policy whereby the risk of reoffending was taken into account, such risk not having been expressed as being limited to offences of a violent or sexual nature. Lord Bingham CJ stated, however: \u201cThe applicant is now serving the equivalent of a determinate sentence of about five years, albeit in open conditions. This term has not been imposed on him by way of punishment, because he has already served the punitive terms which his previous, very serious, offences have been thought to merit. The term has not been imposed because he is thought to present danger to the public, because that is not suggested. It is not submitted that the term imposed bears any relation to the gravity of any future imprisonable offence which the applicant might commit or that such term is needed to ensure future compliance with the terms of his life licence. While a powerful case can be made for testing in open conditions a mandatory life prisoner who has been institutionalised by long years of incarceration in closed conditions, such a case loses much of its force in the case of a man who has, since serving the punitive term of his life sentence, demonstrated his capacity for living an independent and apparently lawful life by doing so for a number of years. The imposition of what is in effect a substantial term of imprisonment by the exercise of executive discretion, without trial, lies uneasily with ordinary concepts of the rule of law. I hope that the Secretary of State may, even now, think it right to give further consideration to the case.\u201d\n\nLord Justice Buxton, concurring with the latter remarks, added: \u201cThe category of imprisonable offence is extremely wide, and can encompass many matters that are wholly unrelated, both in nature and seriousness, to the reasons for the life sentence prisoner being within the power of the State in the first place. I also find it uncomfortable that the criterion should be used as the justification for continued imprisonment. We were told in argument that the test of imprisonable offence, rather than of fault of a purely moral or social nature, was used because faults of the latter nature would be unconnected with the original reasons for the subject's incarceration; but in reality this lack of connection exists, or at least is strongly threatened, by the imprisonable offence criterion also. ...\u201d\n\nOn 16 December 1997 the applicant was moved to open conditions.\n\nBy letter dated 21 January 1998, the Secretary of State decided that the applicant should spend only six months in open conditions before his next review.\n\nOn 23 July 1998 the House of Lords dismissed the applicant's appeal against the Court of Appeal's decision. In his speech, with which the rest of the judges agreed, Lord Steyn held that section 35(2) of the 1991 Act conferred a wide administrative discretion on the Secretary of State to decide upon the release on licence of mandatory life prisoners and that there was no fundamental common-law principle of retributive proportionality which restrained him from detaining a mandatory life prisoner by reference to a risk that he may in future commit a serious but non-violent offence. He expressly repeated Lord Bingham's concern that the imposition of a substantial term of imprisonment by exercise of administrative discretion was hard to reconcile with ordinary concepts of the rule of law.\n\nOn 22 December 1998 the applicant was released on licence by the Secretary of State.", "applicant": "Dennis Stafford", "offset": 2839, "idx_mapping": [2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2890, 2891, 2892, 2893, 2894, 2895, 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919, 2920, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2945, 2946, 2947, 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966, 2967, 2968, 2969, 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973, 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3116, 3117, 3118, 3119, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 2839, 3135, 3136, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3152, 3153, 3154, 3155, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3159, 3160, 3161, 3162, 3163, 3164, 3165, 3166, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3296, 3297, 3298, 3299, 3300, 3301, 3302, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3308, 3309, 3310, 3311, 3312, 3313, 3314, 3315, 3316, 3317], "duplicates": 1}
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I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASES
A. Mr Ashendon
The first applicant was born in 1985 and lives in London. In the early hours of 2 April 2006 the first applicant was discovered sleeping in a flat in a sheltered accommodation complex. He was naked from the waist down and intoxicated. Blood tests subsequently showed that he had consumed alcohol and ecstasy the night before and that he was a regular cannabis user.
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"identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "M.R.", "start_offset": 10756}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 10769, "entity_id": "001-106200_a8_e48", "entity_mention_id": "001-106200_a8_em60", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "S.R.", "start_offset": 10765}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11974, "entity_id": "001-106200_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-106200_a8_em61", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "A.R.", "start_offset": 11970}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 12039, "entity_id": "001-106200_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-106200_a8_em62", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "A.R.", "start_offset": 12035}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12645, "entity_id": "001-106200_a8_e49", "entity_mention_id": "001-106200_a8_em63", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "30 July 2007", "start_offset": 12633}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Joe Anthony Ashendon", "meta": {"applicant": "Joe Anthony Ashendon", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2011}, "doc_id": "001-106200", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in two applications (nos. 35730/07 and 4285/08 against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by British nationals, Mr Joe Anthony Ashendon (\u201cthe first applicant\u201d) and Ms Marilyn Jones (\u201cthe second applicant\u201d), on 8 August 2007 and 9 January 2008 respectively.\n\nThe first applicant was represented by Mr G. Bromelow, a lawyer practising in London with Saunders Law Partnership LLP, assisted by Mr S. Simblet, counsel. The second applicant was represented by Mr T. Coolican, a lawyer practising in Birmingham with Russell Jones and Walker Solicitors. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agents, Mr D. Walton and Ms H. Moynihan of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicants alleged that the refusal to award them their defence costs, after they had been acquitted in their respective criminal proceedings, was in violation of Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention.\n\nOn 23 April 2008 and 2 October 2009 respectively, the Vice-President of the Fourth Section of the Court decided to give notice of the applications and to communicate the complaints concerning Article 6 \u00a7 2 to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of each application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nThe applicants and the Government each filed written observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASES\n\nA. Mr Ashendon\n\nThe first applicant was born in 1985 and lives in London.\n\nIn the early hours of 2 April 2006 the first applicant was discovered sleeping in a flat in a sheltered accommodation complex. He was naked from the waist down and intoxicated. Blood tests subsequently showed that he had consumed alcohol and ecstasy the night before and that he was a regular cannabis user. The tests also showed a positive response for cocaine.\n\nPolice and paramedic personnel were called to the scene. After investigation it was thought that the first applicant had gained entry to the flat through another flat in the complex. Upon entering the second flat, the police discovered its occupant, Mrs B, who was ninety-seven years of age, lying on the floor. She too was naked from the waist down. She was covered in faeces, she was upset and confused, and said she was in pain. She had a number of injuries and told the police she had been sexually assaulted in the night.\n\nThe first applicant\u2019s jacket, shoes, trousers and underpants were found in B\u2019s flat. Faecal material, which was found to contain components of B\u2019s DNA, was found on the applicant\u2019s t-shirt. Pubic hair, visually similar to that of B, was found on the first applicant and elsewhere in the flat where he had been found. Swabs were taken from the first applicant\u2019s penis but no DNA or blood was found. There was no semen found anywhere.\n\nWhen interviewed by police the following evening, the first applicant admitted to having been drinking and to having taken an ecstasy tablet. He denied having committed any offences and stated that he had no recollection of events. He was interviewed on a further four occasions and states that he co-operated with the police each time.\n\nThe first applicant was charged with burglary, rape (by penile penetration), rape (by digital penetration), and sexual assault. The applicant\u2019s trial began on 5 February 2007. The prosecution offered no evidence in respect of the burglary charge and a not guilty verdict was recorded. In respect of the remaining charges, it was not suggested by the defence that someone other than the first applicant had assaulted B, or that there had been no contact between them. Instead, the principal area of dispute was whether the first applicant\u2019s actions had amounted to rape or, alternatively, sexual assault. The prosecution\u2019s case was that they did. The applicant maintained that they did not. In giving evidence in his defence, the applicant repeated that he had no recollection of events on the night in question.\n\nThe trial judge\u2019s summing up to the jury contained the following direction: \u201cWe all know this is a horrific, a disgusting episode. We all know that, and we all know \u2013 there has not been any argument about this, has there? \u2013 where moral responsibility lies but we are a court of law, we are not here to dish out admonitions for immoral conduct, disgusting behaviour. ... We are here to judge whether a crime has been committed, whether the criminal law of the land has been broken. In order to do that you have to be objective. You have to stand back from the feelings of disgust and revulsion that come from the facts of this case and be objective. That last thing anyone would want is to compound an already awful event with another awful event, which would be a verdict based upon emotion and feelings of distaste and disgust rather than a verdict based upon a proper, logical, objective analysis of what has happened and that is what you are trusted to do.\u201d\n\nOn 14 February 2007 the jury acquitted the applicant of the three remaining charges. When the first applicant applied for his costs (which exceeded GBP 100,000 and had been met by his family) his counsel stated: \u201cThis is a case in which [the first applicant] was inevitably going to be charged with a criminal offence, I do not doubt that for a moment, and the point I made to the jury was that had a different criminal offence been charged he may have had no alternative but to plead guilty, but costs have been expended on defending him on charges for which he has been found not guilty. Bearing in mind everything Your Honour has said about his conduct that, in my submission, would not be a relevant consideration to the application that I make now because once he was interviewed by the police he did his best...to tell the truth as he understood it and remembered it to be so he did not do anything more at that stage to bring this prosecution upon himself, simply the conduct which ended him up where he was.\u201d\n\nIn refusing the application, the trial judge said: \u201cWith regard to a defendant\u2019s costs you [Counsel] are right, the costs should and almost invariably would follow the event. I cannot think of another case in my 35 years\u2019 experience in the criminal courts in which it is more apparent that a defendant\u2019s conduct, albeit that it had led to him being acquitted, but a defendant\u2019s conduct has led to him being brought before the court and, given the nature of the circumstances and the consequences to the very vulnerable victim, the injuries that were seen upon her, where they were seen, the combination of facts, it is one of those cases where I feel it is right for the court to exceptionally say a defendant\u2019s costs order will be refused. He [the applicant] will have an opportunity, I have not the least doubt, in the months and years ahead to make some recompense to his family who have stood so loyally by him. It is not an order that I lightly refuse but this is one of those exceptional cases where it seems to me to be justified.\u201d\n\nB. Ms Jones\n\nThe second applicant was born in 1949 and lives in Stourton, West Midlands.\n\nIn 2005, the police began investigating the business affairs of a company where, it was alleged, there had been money laundering, theft and fraud. The second applicant is an accountant and the company had been one of her clients. In the course of their investigation the police came into possession of an audio tape, which recorded a conversation between the applicant and another person under investigation, A.R., in which the applicant was alleged to have provided advice on how to steal from the company.\n\nThe second applicant was interviewed under caution on 1 June 2006. The tape was played to her and, on the advice of her solicitor at that time, she declined to reply to the questions put to her. It appears that, at this time, the police did not know the provenance of the tape or the date the conversation was recorded; the applicant maintains that, when interviewed, she was unable to remember the conversation or the date of it.\n\nOn 11 July 2006, the second applicant was charged with an offence of perverting the course of justice and, in September 2006, with two co\u2011accused including A.R., she was charged with conspiring to steal from the company between 1 June 2000 and 31 October 2004.\n\nA defence statement was served by the applicant on 18 January 2007 in which she addressed the tape recording. She denied any discussion of impropriety, challenged the admissibility of the tape as evidence and stated that, if the prosecution established her voice was on the tape, any comments she had made in the conversation had been taken out of context.\n\nThe second applicant maintained that, at the start of the trial, the prosecution offered to drop the charges against her and three co-defendants if A.R and another defendant, C.R., pleaded guilty to a significant proportion of the charges against them. She alleges that if this offer had been accepted her application for her costs would inevitably have been granted. The Government, in their observations to this Court, do not accept that such an offer was made or that, if it had been accepted, the second applicant\u2019s application for her costs would inevitably have been granted.\n\nAt trial the second applicant sought to have the tape excluded from evidence but the trial judge ruled that it was admissible. The second applicant then gave evidence in her own defence in which she explained that she had been able to calculate the date of the recording (1996) by reference to matters referred to in it. She also stated that, even if the tape was genuine and had not been edited as she alleged, the conversation was not in any way criminal or dishonest in purpose.\n\nIn his closing speech, counsel for the prosecution argued that the jury could and should draw an adverse inference from the fact that the applicant had relied on many facts in her defence, none of which she had mentioned when she was interviewed. In his summing up, the trial judge told the jury that the second applicant had failed to mention something in her police interview that she now relied upon in court. He also indicated that if the jury concluded that the second applicant had genuinely and reasonably relied on legal advice they should not draw an adverse inference.\n\nOn 11 July 2007 the second applicant was acquitted unanimously of the two counts facing her. Three defendants, including A.R. and C.R., were convicted of the majority of the charges against them. One defendant, M.R., was acquitted of all charges against him and another, S.R., was acquitted of all but one charge against her. M.R. and S.R. were legally aided but were granted defendant\u2019s costs orders in respect of their own expenses.\n\nThe second applicant applied immediately for a defendant\u2019s costs order, pursuant to section 16(2) of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 (see relevant domestic law and practice below). The trial judge refused the application. He stated: \u201cThe relevant features, in my judgment, in this case are these: that [the second applicant], acting very much on the advice of her then solicitor [name omitted], exercised her right to silence when answering \u2018no comment\u2019 in her police interview. I emphasise she cannot be criticised for that, and the advice was given in good faith and it was accepted in good faith by [her]. However, in my judgment it is a relevant consideration in deciding whether a defendant\u2019s costs order should be made in this case. Her failure to answer questions, in my judgment, to some extent had the effect of bringing this prosecution on herself, allowing the police to believe that the case against her was stronger than it in fact has turned out to be. In particular, a cardinal plank of the prosecution case against her on the conspiracy count was a taped phone call between her and [A.R.] in which on the face of it she appeared to give advice to [A.R.] as to how to steal from the company. Her failure, in my judgment, of putting that phone call into its true context and true timescale clearly influenced the prosecution decision to bring charges against her, and it is for that reason, and that reason alone, that I have come to the conclusion that to that extent she brought this prosecution upon herself and in my judgment that is a proper reason for refusing a defendant\u2019s costs order. In no way is that decision meant to indicate that she is in any way guilty of this offence, she is not, she has rightly been acquitted by this jury.\u201d\n\nOn 30 July 2007, the second applicant renewed her application in writing, relying inter alia on the fact the she had been unable to recall the conversation on the tape recording until the trial had started and that one of the reasons her solicitor had sought disclosure of the tape was to consider whether to propose to the police that they should re-interview her. The trial judge declined to hold an oral hearing on the renewed application and stated that he was unable to make the order for the reasons he had already given.", "applicant": "Joe Anthony Ashendon", "offset": 1526, "idx_mapping": [1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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A. Background
Mr Carl G. Holm is a Swedish national. He is an economist and resides at Täby in Sweden. At the material time, he was employed by the Swedish Federation of Industries (Sveriges Industriförbund). In 1974 Carl G. Holm formed together with others a foundation named Contra.
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"001-57851_a7_em153", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Communist Party", "start_offset": 10163}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10287, "entity_id": "001-57851_a7_e42", "entity_mention_id": "001-57851_a7_em154", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": [], "span_text": "SAP", "start_offset": 10284}, {"confidential_status": "POLITICS", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10327, "entity_id": "001-57851_a7_e42", "entity_mention_id": "001-57851_a7_em155", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": ["001-57851_a7_em154"], "span_text": "Party", "start_offset": 10322}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10525, "entity_id": "001-57851_a7_e98", "entity_mention_id": "001-57851_a7_em156", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "14 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"end_offset": 10849, "entity_id": "001-57851_a7_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-57851_a7_em160", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "District Court", "start_offset": 10835}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11015, "entity_id": "001-57851_a7_e101", "entity_mention_id": "001-57851_a7_em161", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "67,860 Swedish kronor", "start_offset": 10994}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11059, "entity_id": "001-57851_a7_e6", "entity_mention_id": "001-57851_a7_em162", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Swedish", "start_offset": 11052}]}, "annotator8": null, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Carl G. Holm", "meta": {"applicant": "Carl G. Holm", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1993}, "doc_id": "001-57851", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court on 11 December 1992 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c) and on 15 February 1993 by the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden (\u201cthe Government\u201c), within the three-month period laid down in Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 14191/88) against Sweden lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) by a Swedish national, Mr Carl G. Holm, on 24 January 1987. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby Sweden recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The object of the request and of the Government\u2019s application was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 para. 1 (art. 6-1) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3 (d) of the Rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Mrs E. Palm, the elected judge of Swedish nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). On 29 January 1993 the Vice-President, Mr R. Bernhardt, drew by lot, in the presence of the Registrar, the names of the other seven members, namely Mr Th\u00f3r Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Mr F. G\u00f6lc\u00fckl\u00fc, Mr F. Matscher, Mr A. Spielmann, Mr A.N. Loizou, Mr J.M. Morenilla and Mr L. Wildhaber (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5), Mr Ryssdal, through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the Government, the applicant\u2019s lawyer and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 37 para. 1 and 38). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, the Registrar received the Government\u2019s memorial on 5 May 1993 and the applicant\u2019s memorial on 10 May. On various dates between 19 May and 10 June 1993 the Commission filed a number of documents which the Registrar had requested from it on the President\u2019s instructions. On 24 May the Secretary to the Commission had informed the Registrar that the Delegate would submit his observations at the hearing.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 22 June 1993. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mr C.H. Ehrenkrona, Assistant Under-Secretary for Legal Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Agent, Mr G. Regner, Under-Secretary, Ministry of Justice, Adviser;\n\nfor the Commission Mr Gaukur J\u00f6rundsson, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicant Mr B. Malml\u00f6f, advokat, Counsel, Ms P. Attoff, Assistant. The Court heard addresses by Mr Ehrenkrona, Mr Gaukur J\u00f6rundsson, Mr Malml\u00f6f and the applicant himself.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nA. Background\n\nMr Carl G. Holm is a Swedish national. He is an economist and resides at T\u00e4by in Sweden. At the material time, he was employed by the Swedish Federation of Industries (Sveriges Industrif\u00f6rbund).\n\nIn 1974 the applicant formed together with others a foundation named Contra. According to him its aim was to scrutinise governments of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the Swedish Social Democratic Workers Party (Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti - the \u201cSAP\u201c).\n\nIn 1985 a publishing house, Tidens f\u00f6rlag AB, published a book entitled \u201cTill h\u00f6ger om neutraliteten\u201c (To the right of neutrality). It contained a survey of right-wing organisations and individuals, including a 52-page chapter on the applicant and his involvement in Contra. The author of the book, Mr Sven Ove Hansson, was then employed by the publisher and had previously served as an ideological adviser to the SAP. Tidens f\u00f6rlag AB was, from its foundation in 1912 until 1 January 1985, owned by the SAP directly. As of the latter date, 85% of its shares were held by a company owned by the SAP, namely AB F\u00f6renade Arebolagen. The remaining 15% were held by Folkparkernas Centralorganisation which, the applicant states, was controlled by the SAP. Tidens f\u00f6rlag AB is known for publishing books and articles portraying social democratic views.\n\nB. Institution of libel proceedings\n\nOn 15 April 1986 the applicant brought a private prosecution for aggravated libel (grovt f\u00f6rtal), and in the alternative for libel (f\u00f6rtal), against Mr Hansson in the District Court (tingsr\u00e4tten) of Stockholm, under Chapter 7, section 4, paragraph 9, of the 1949 Freedom of the Press Act (tryckfrihetsf\u00f6rordningen, an instrument forming part of the Swedish Constitution) and Chapter 5, Articles 1 and 2, of the Penal Code (brottsbalken). In the same proceedings he sued both the author and the publisher for damages, claiming 200,000 Swedish kronor. He contended that the book contained allegations implying that he belonged to certain nazi and fascist groups, calculated to cast doubt on his honour and to expose him to contempt; in view of the wide distribution of the book and the applicant\u2019s central position in the Swedish Federation of Industries, the libel was aggravated. The impugned passages of the book included allegations which can be summarised as follows: (a) in 1973 the applicant had chaired the youth section of the World Anti-Communist League\u2019s Conference in London, an organisation whose membership was said to consist largely of neo-nazis and former SS-members, for example the then chairman of the nazi-oriented Swedish National Union; (b) the applicant had, by reason of his right-wing extremism, been expelled in 1974 from the Democratic Alliance and the Conservative Youth Organisation; it was therefore regrettable that he still held important positions within the Swedish Federation of Industries and the Swedish Employers\u2019 Federation; (c) he had been reported to the police for embezzlement of the Democratic Alliance\u2019s funds; an audit had shown that he had transferred 1,340 Swedish kronor from the association\u2019s account to his own account; (d) he had failed to dissociate himself immediately from a co-member of a splinter group of the Democratic Alliance, who had provided grenades to two Nordic National Party activists and who had urged the latter to place one of the grenades in an office of the Democratic Alliance and advised them on how to enter the office; the activists had been convicted of having placed the grenades and the applicant\u2019s associate of having aided and abetted causing bodily harm; (e) Contra had been collaborating with the above-mentioned Swedish National Union in Lund and Malm\u00f6 and the applicant had negotiated with the latter about the setting up of a local Contra group; (f) organisations like Contra were infiltrated to the highest echelons by neo-nazi groups, which selected the most militant members of such organisations and incited them to engage in illegal activities.\n\nC. Constitution of a jury before the District Court and related proceedings\n\nAt a sitting held by the District Court on 10 November 1986, the defendants, but not the applicant, asked for the case to be considered with a jury. As a result of the defendants\u2019 request, the question whether a criminal offence had been committed was to be examined, according to the provisions of the Freedom of the Press Act, by a jury, composed on the basis of a list of two groups of names (see paragraphs 15, 18 and 19 below). The list, which had been published by the Stockholm County Council (Stockholms l\u00e4ns landsting), indicated the jurors\u2019 political affiliations. The first group comprised sixteen persons, seven of whom were members of the SAP, five of the Conservative Party, two of the Liberal Party, one of the Centre Party and one of the Communist Party. The second group included eight names, of whom four were members of the SAP, two of the Conservative Party and two of the Liberal Party. The applicant, referring to paragraph 9 of Article 13 in Chapter 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure (r\u00e4tteg\u00e5ngsbalken), filed a complaint with the District Court under Chapter 12, section 8, of the Freedom of the Press Act, asking it to exclude as being disqualified those jurors who were members of the SAP (see paragraph 21 below). In support of his request, he pointed to the position as regards ownership of Tidens f\u00f6rlag AB (see paragraph 8 above) and argued that the publisher was the \u201cmouthpiece\u201c of the social democratic movement. However, the District Court rejected his request on 10 November 1986, finding that, regardless of whether the publisher could be seen as a \u201cmouthpiece\u201c as described by the applicant, the reasons invoked by him did not constitute grounds for disqualifying the jurors concerned. In an appeal against this decision to the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea Hovr\u00e4tt), the applicant submitted, in addition to the above arguments, that the contents of the book were of a political nature and that the case had political undertones. The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal on 4 December 1986, without stating any reasons. It was not open to the applicant to appeal further against this decision (Chapter 12, section 8, of the Freedom of the Press Act).\n\nIn the meantime, at the above-mentioned sitting on 10 November 1986, the District Court proceeded with the constitution of the jury in accordance with Chapter 12 of the Freedom of the Press Act. Exercising their right under section 10, the applicant and the defence each rejected three jurors from the first group and one from the second group. Those eliminated by the applicant were all SAP members and those by the defendants were members of the Conservative Party. Lots were drawn in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 19 below, and a jury of nine members was constituted. Of these, five were members of the SAP - one of the them was subsequently replaced by another SAP member -, two of the Conservative Party, one of the Liberal Party and one of the Communist Party.\n\nAs appears from information submitted by the applicant, which was not contested by the Government, the SAP jurors were active members of the Party, holding or having held various offices in it and on its behalf at local level (for further details, see paragraph 27 of the Commission\u2019s report).\n\nD. The findings on the merits\n\nOn 14 October 1987, the District Court, sitting with three judges and a jury of nine, examined the merits of the case. In its judgment of the same date the court noted that the jury had replied in the negative to the questions put to it concerning the alleged unlawfulness of the impugned passages of the book. Accordingly, the District Court dismissed the charges made by the applicant and his claims for damages. In view of the conclusions reached on the merits, it ordered him to pay 67,860 Swedish kronor in costs. It was not possible under Swedish law for the applicant to appeal against the jury\u2019s verdict (see paragraph 16 below).", "applicant": "Carl G. 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Tommaso Cuscani formerly managed “The Godfather Restaurant” in Newcastle upon Tyne, which was operated by a company of which Tommaso Cuscani was a director. Following an inquiry by the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise in 1988 into the restaurant and Tommaso Cuscani, the company went into liquidation and ownership of the lease of the restaurant was transferred to a new company controlled by Tommaso Cuscani. However, the restaurant was run by a succession of management companies under short-term management contracts. The various companies were all registered for Value Added Tax (“VAT”) purposes but failed to make any VAT payments or returns to the Customs and Excise authorities. In addition, wages were paid to employees in cash and were not declared to the Inland Revenue.
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"start_offset": 11591}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12103, "entity_id": "001-60643_a8_e45", "entity_mention_id": "001-60643_a8_em77", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Court of Appeal", "start_offset": 12088}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12280, "entity_id": "001-60643_a8_e54", "entity_mention_id": "001-60643_a8_em78", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "25 November 1996", "start_offset": 12264}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Tommaso Cuscani", "meta": {"applicant": "Tommaso Cuscani", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2002}, "doc_id": "001-60643", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 32771/96) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Italian national, Santo Annino Tommaso Cuscani (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 19 March 1996.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented before the Court first by Mr S. Earl, a lawyer practising in Newcastle upon Tyne (England) and, following the Court's decision on admissibility, by Mr M. Purdon, a lawyer also practising in Newcastle upon Tyne. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms R. Mandal, Agent.\n\nThe applicant alleged that he did not receive a fair trial on account of the absence of interpretation at his hearing on sentencing.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was originally allocated to the Third Section of the Court, which declared it admissible on 26 June 2001.\n\nOn 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). The application was allocated to the new Fourth Section of the Court. Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nThe applicant, but not the Government, filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant formerly managed \u201cThe Godfather Restaurant\u201d in Newcastle upon Tyne, which was operated by a company of which the applicant was a director. Following an inquiry by the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise in 1988 into the restaurant and the applicant, the company went into liquidation and ownership of the lease of the restaurant was transferred to a new company controlled by the applicant. However, the restaurant was run by a succession of management companies under short-term management contracts. The various companies were all registered for Value Added Tax (\u201cVAT\u201d) purposes but failed to make any VAT payments or returns to the Customs and Excise authorities. In addition, wages were paid to employees in cash and were not declared to the Inland Revenue. The resulting loss of VAT was assessed at approximately 460,000 pounds sterling (\u201cGBP\u201d) and the accumulated losses in respect of Income Tax and National Insurance contributions were assessed at GBP 360,000. In September 1994 the applicant was declared bankrupt as a result of civil proceedings brought by the Inland Revenue to recover unpaid tax.\n\nOn 25 November 1994 the applicant was arrested and on 26 November 1994 charged with various offences of fraudulently evading VAT. He was remanded in custody. His applications for bail on 12 April 1995, 13 June 1995 and 7 December 1995 were refused.\n\nThe applicant was granted legal aid on 1 March 1995. The legal aid order covered both the committal hearings and the actual trial. The applicant was represented throughout the proceedings by a Queen's Counsel (\u201cQC\u201d), who was also a Recorder, a very experienced junior counsel and two different firms of solicitors.\n\nOn 3 March 1995 the Newcastle upon Tyne Magistrates' Court committed the applicant for trial before the Crown Court at Newcastle.\n\nPreliminary hearings were held on 10 April 1995 and 2 June 1995. At the hearing of 16 June 1995 the applicant was indicted with two others on two counts of being knowingly concerned in the fraudulent evasion of VAT (between 22 May 1989 and 25 July 1994) and of taking steps with a view to the fraudulent evasion of VAT (between 25 July 1994 and 24 November 1994). The applicant pleaded not guilty.\n\nAt none of these hearings did either the applicant or his legal team request the provision of an interpreter, nor suggest to the court that the applicant required the services of an interpreter.\n\nAt the trial on 4 January 1996, the applicant, on the advice of counsel, changed his plea to guilty. He was also indicted on another count of cheating the public revenue and pleaded guilty to that charge too. The court was informed that the applicant disagreed on the quantum of the sums which formed the basis of the plea with the consequence that further discussion was needed on this matter with the prosecution. Defence counsel informed the court for the first time that the applicant had: \u201cconsiderable difficulty in communicating, save in very simple concepts, in English. Now for the purpose of consultation we can get by, but one of the difficulties is that his English is very poor and his Italian is very Southern\u201d.\n\nCounsel invited the court to direct that an interpreter be present at the subsequent hearing, given that at either a hearing or indeed a plea: \u201c... certain complicated matters might well have to be put before the court, and which he should understand as they are being put\u201d.\n\nThe court granted this request and adjourned for reports to be written and for the parties to reach agreement on the issue of quantum, after convicting the applicant of all charges.\n\nAt the following hearing concerning sentence held on 26 January 1996, the court noted that no professional interpreter was present despite its earlier direction. The applicant's counsel stated that: \u201c... it appears that no arrangements have been made, in which case I think that we shall have to make do and mend. It may require an occasional adjournment if something needs to be explained. It has been discussed extensively and obviously already with the [applicant] and, although he may not follow the detail of the proceedings, he certainly knows the outline of what the prosecution will say. I imagine that their case will very much follow the summary, and he knows the burden of what I intend to say.\u201d\n\nThe trial judge asked whether anyone in court who knew the applicant was fluent in both English and Italian and could provide interpretation for the applicant. The applicant's counsel, without consulting his client, pointed out that the applicant's brother was present, and the court agreed to make use of him, if need be. The applicant's brother was never requested to translate any statement during the course of the hearing.\n\nThe applicant was sentenced to a total of four years' imprisonment and disqualified from being a company director for ten years.\n\nOn 14 May 1996 the applicant applied to the Court of Appeal Criminal Division seeking leave to appeal against sentence. In his application, the applicant was represented by the same legal team that had defended him at trial. In a letter to the Court of Appeal, the applicant stated that he had been sentenced on the basis, which was incorrect, that he had pleaded guilty to frauds totalling GBP 800,000 and that the real amount of the fraud was GBP 140,000. The applicant did not maintain in his application that he had been unable to understand the proceedings at the trial or to communicate effectively in court; nor did he allege in his application that he should have been provided with the services of an interpreter.\n\nLeave to appeal was refused by the Single Judge on 3 May 1996 and by the full Court of Appeal on 15 July 1996.\n\nOn 2 September 1996 the applicant sought advice from the President of the Law Society on what action to take against his defence lawyers but did not receive any reply.\n\nOn 3 September 1996 the applicant wrote to the Home Secretary, admitting that he had not declared GBP 2,000 per week for staff wages due to the recession, and claiming that the real amount of the fraud was GBP 140,000 and not GBP 800,000. He further complained that his counsel had failed to secure him the services of an interpreter at the trial on 26 January 1996 and that this was of \u201cparamount importance\u201d for the purposes of the plea in mitigation. The applicant further observed that his QC had misled the trial court by stating that his brother would be able to act as a translator, when his brother was unable either to speak or write in English.\n\nThe Home Secretary forwarded the applicant's case to the Criminal Case Review Commission (\u201cthe Commission\u201d). The applicant himself applied to the Commission, claiming inter alia that his lawyers should not have allowed him to plead guilty to the GBP 800,000 fraud, as he had only intended to accept guilt in respect of GBP 140,000. Furthermore, his lawyers had failed to ensure the presence of an interpreter both at conferences in preparation for the trial and in court. He maintained that his brother did not speak English well enough and that he had not understood the charges or the legal process. He complained about his counsel, who, he claimed, did not understand Italian but nevertheless did not insist on an interpreter being present at conferences; renounced the presence of a professional interpreter in court; did not understand the case; told him to plead guilty only at the trial, without explaining the consequences to him in detail and gave the court the wrong information that the applicant had accepted liability in respect of the total amount.\n\nThe Commission noted that it had interviewed the applicant via an Italian interpreter and that it was apparent from telephone conversations between the applicant and the Commission that he did not have a very good command of English. The Commission observed that the applicant's solicitor and counsel at trial did not accept that he lacked understanding either of the language or of the nature of the case against him. However, the Commission went on to note, inter alia, that a) in the course of the proceedings the applicant's solicitor had stated in counsel's brief that the applicant \u201chas a grasp of English but is not very easily understood. At times, he says he wants an interpreter\u201d; b) the trial judge had seen fit to order the presence of an interpreter; c) on appeal, the applicant's junior counsel had informed the court that the applicant did not have much of a command of English; d) the applicant's counsel told the Commission that he would have wanted an interpreter present had there been a trial on the basis of a not guilty plea.\n\nThe Commission accepted that the applicant would have been able to understand the generality of the prosecution case but expressed the view that an interpreter ought to have been present when the prosecution case was explained to the applicant by his own representatives, given the complex nature of the evidence. Furthermore, he should have had the benefit of an interpreter when it came to considering the matter of changing his plea to guilty.\n\nThe Commission also accepted that the applicant's brother was not an adequate interpreter, but considered that the lack of an interpreter at the trial was \u201cof much less significance than it was at the earlier stage\u201d. Further, the Commission found that too little time had been spent by the applicant's lawyers explaining the case to him.\n\nThe Commission concluded that there were grounds for finding that the plea was uninformed in that the applicant had not fully understood the nature of the case to which he was pleading, partly because of his inadequate understanding of the language, and because of the inadequate explanation of the case given to him by his legal representatives.\n\nHowever, the Commission noted that the Court of Appeal no longer had the power to allow an appeal against conviction if it did not think the conviction was unsafe but was dissatisfied in some way with the trial process, since there was no longer room for the separate notion of an \u201cunsatisfactory\u201d conviction. In the view of the Commission, whilst the applicant's conviction was arguably unsatisfactory, it could not be said to be unsafe. Since the Commission did not consider that there was a real possibility that, if referred to the Court of Appeal, the conviction and sentence would not be upheld, it decided not to make such reference.\n\nIn the meantime, the applicant was released from prison on licence on 25 November 1996.", "applicant": "Tommaso Cuscani", "offset": 1772, "idx_mapping": [1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1772, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 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| 1
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In March 1993 welding work was carried out in Ingrid Ullrich’s fashion boutique. On 26 May 1995 Ingrid Ullrich filed an action for damages against the company which had carried out the welding work. She alleged that the welding work had soiled stored clothes and the salesroom of her boutique and had affected her health. The Salzburg Regional Court (Landesgericht), upon her request, had previously granted her legal aid for these proceedings on 4 May 1995. On 29 August 1995 the Salzburg Regional Court held a first hearing.
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6219, "entity_id": "001-67155_a8_e61", "entity_mention_id": "001-67155_a8_em75", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Vienna Court of Appeal", "start_offset": 6197}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6273, "entity_id": "001-67155_a8_e62", "entity_mention_id": "001-67155_a8_em76", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3 December 2003", "start_offset": 6258}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6291, "entity_id": "001-67155_a8_e63", "entity_mention_id": "001-67155_a8_em77", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 6278}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Ingrid Ullrich", "meta": {"applicant": "Ingrid Ullrich", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 57, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2004}, "doc_id": "001-67155", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 66956/01) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Ingrid Ullrich (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 12 October 1999.\n\nThe Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 6 May 2003 the Court decided to communicate the complaint concerning the length of the proceedings. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nIn March 1993 welding work was carried out in the applicant\u2019s fashion boutique. On 26 May 1995 the applicant filed an action for damages against the company which had carried out the welding work. She alleged that the welding work had soiled stored clothes and the salesroom of her boutique and had affected her health. The Salzburg Regional Court (Landesgericht), upon her request, had previously granted her legal aid for these proceedings on 4 May 1995.\n\nOn 29 August 1995 the Salzburg Regional Court held a first hearing.\n\nOn 6 October 1995 it appointed an expert and instructed him to prepare a report. The expert delivered his report on 29 January 1997.\n\nOn 2 June 1997 the court held a further hearing. It heard some witnesses and then adjourned the proceedings to hear the expert and further witnesses. On the same day the defendant challenged the expert for bias. The court dismissed this motion on 19 September 1997.\n\nOn 17 December 1997 the court held another hearing and heard further witnesses and the expert. It also ordered the parties to submit their extensive questions in writing and, on 3 February 1998, instructed the expert to supplement his opinion.\n\nOn 6 July 1998 the expert delivered his supplementary opinion. On 16 November 1998 the court held a hearing and, upon the applicant\u2019s request, decided to appoint a further expert in order to assess the amount of damages. It further requested the applicant to declare whether she still claimed damages for injuries to her health. The proceedings were adjourned in order to appoint the expert and to hear a witness who had not appeared.\n\nIn a statement of 14 January 1999 the applicant declared that she maintained her claim for damages as regards injuries to her health.\n\nOn 4 March 1999 the court, noting that the applicant had made incorrect statements when declaring her financial situation, withdrew the legal aid granted to her. On 20 April 1999 the Linz Court of Appeal confirmed this decision. Subsequently, on 18 May 1999 the Salzburg Regional Court imposed a fine on the applicant for abuse of process. It further informed the parties that it considered it necessary to decide first whether the claim for damages was well-founded in principle before ordering further expert opinions.\n\nOn 2 July 1999 the court dismissed the applicant\u2019s further request for legal aid. On 9 August 1999 the Linz Court of Appeal confirmed this decision.\n\nMeanwhile, on 26 July 1999 the applicant filed an application under Section 91 of the Courts Act (Gerichtsorganisationsgesetz). In particular, she requested that the Regional Court be ordered to hold a further hearing, to question the witness H. and to take a decision. The Regional Court subsequently scheduled a hearing for 10 November 1999. On 17 August 1999 the Linz Court of Appeal dismissed the application. It found that, until the hearing of 17 December 1997, the court had been mainly concerned with obtaining the necessary expert opinions. There were no delays either during this period, or during the following period until the hearing of 16 November 1998. Subsequently, a number of procedural steps were taken by the applicant relating to the withdrawal of legal aid. Having regard to the circumstances of the case, the Regional Court had not been dilatory.\n\nThe applicant subsequently challenged the competent judge S. and, in a letter of 15 October 1999, complained that S. had not cancelled the hearing of 10 November 1999. On 15 November 1999 the applicant requested that records prepared in1994 in connection with her legal aid case be rectified.\n\nOn 16 December 1999 the Salzburg Regional Court sitting with three judges dismissed the applicant\u2019s challenge as unfounded but found that judge S. was biased according to his own declaration (Befangenheitsanzeige). On 7 March 2000 the Linz Court of Appeal confirmed this decision.\n\nOn 28 April and on 30 May 2000, the Salzburg Regional Court, presided over by another judge, held oral hearings. On 31 August 2000, upon the parties\u2019 requests, the court appointed two further experts. On 11 December 2000 both of the experts delivered their reports.\n\nOn 9 February 2001 the court, presided over by another judge, held another hearing and heard one expert. During this hearing the applicant\u2019s counsel declared that he would inform the court of the outcome of friendly settlement discussions within four weeks. The court adjourned the proceedings sine die in order to obtain an opinion of another expert.\n\nOn 22 March 2001 the applicant requested the court to hear another witness. On 3 April 2001 the applicant\u2019s counsel requested the court not to schedule any hearings because of ongoing friendly settlement discussions. The applicant\u2019s counsel repeated this request on 23 August 2001, 25 September 2001, 17 December 2001, 26 February 2002 and on 17 May 2002. In the meantime, on 31 August 2001, the defendant\u2019s counsel had informed the applicant\u2019s counsel that the defendant did not agree with their proposal for a friendly settlement.\n\nOn 5 December 2002 the applicant\u2019s counsel requested the court to hold a further hearing. On 21 January 2003 and on 25 April 2003 the court held further hearings.\n\nOn 15 July 2003 the Regional Court dismissed the applicant\u2019s claim. It noted that the applicant\u2019s claim had become time-barred as the applicant had not duly continued the proceedings after friendly settlement negotiations had failed in August 2001.\n\nOn 14 October 2003 the Vienna Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal.\n\nOn 3 December 2003 the Supreme Court rejected the applicant\u2019s extraordinary appeal.", "applicant": "Ingrid Ullrich", "offset": 743, "idx_mapping": [743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 743, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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The first applicant, Mr Louis Osaze Darren Omoregie, is a Nigerian national who was born in Sierra Leone in 1979. The second applicant is Mrs Elisabeth Skundberg Darren, a Norwegian national who was born in 1977. The third applicant is their daughter, Selma, who was born on 20 September 2006. The second and third applicants reside in Biri, Norway, as did the first applicant, before he was expelled to Nigeria on 7 March 2007. The first applicant lived in Nigeria as from the age of 6 months until he went to Norway, where he arrived on 25 August 2001, without passport or other identity document.
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"identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "7 March 2007", "start_offset": 17128}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 17193, "entity_id": "001-88012_a8_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-88012_a8_em162", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Implementation Group of the Oslo Police District", "start_offset": 17145}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 17238, "entity_id": "001-88012_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-88012_a8_em163", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Nigeria", "start_offset": 17231}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Darren Omoregie", "meta": {"applicant": "Darren Omoregie", "articles": [91, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "NOR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2008}, "doc_id": "001-88012", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an applications (nos. 265/07) against the Kingdom of Norway lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by Mr Louis Osaze Darren Omoregie, a Nigerian national; Mrs Elisabeth Skundberg Darren, a Norwegian national; and their daughter Selma, a Norwegian national (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 13 December 2006.\n\nThe applicants, who had been granted legal aid, were represented by Mr A. Humlen, a lawyer practising in Oslo. The Norwegian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mrs F. Platou Amble, Attorney, Attorney-General's Office (Civil Matters).\n\nThe applicants alleged that the decision to expel the first applicant to Nigeria with a prohibition of re-entry into Norway for a period of five years constituted a violation of Article 8 of the Convention.\n\nBy a decision of 22 November 2007, the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nThe applicants and the Government each filed further written observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe first applicant, Mr Louis Osaze Darren Omoregie, is a Nigerian national who was born in Sierra Leone in 1979. The second applicant is Mrs Elisabeth Skundberg Darren, a Norwegian national who was born in 1977. The third applicant is their daughter, Selma, who was born on 20 September 2006. The second and third applicants reside in Biri, Norway, as did the first applicant, before he was expelled to Nigeria on 7 March 2007.\n\nThe first applicant lived in Nigeria as from the age of 6 months until he went to Norway, where he arrived on 25 August 2001, without passport or other identity document. On the same date he applied for asylum.\n\nIn October 2001 he met the second applicant. The couple started cohabiting in March 2002.\n\nA. Rejection of the first applicant's asylum application and related expulsion order and refusals\n\nThe first applicant's asylum application was rejected by the Directorate of Immigration on 22 May 2002. He appealed to the Immigration Appeals Board and, pending a decision of his appeal, he was granted a stay of execution of his expulsion and a temporary work permit.\n\nThe first and second applicants got engaged on 10 September 2002. On 11 September 2002 the Immigration Appeals Board rejected the applicant's appeal, stating inter alia \u201cThis administrative decision means that the appellant is obliged to leave the country voluntarily. If the appellant does not leave the country voluntarily, the police shall implement the decision; see sections 40 and 41 of the Immigration Act.\u201d\n\nShortly thereafter the Implementation Group of the Oslo Police District sent a notification of the decision to the first applicant's lawyer, giving the first applicant until 30 September 2002 to leave Norway. The notification further stated: \u201cYour client must contact the Implementation Group for Administrative Decisions as soon as possible to make arrangements for his departure from Norway. If we have not been contacted by the time the deadline expires, the decision will be implemented in accordance with section 41 of the Immigration Act. This could result in his arrest without further notice.\u201d\n\nOn 1 October 2002 the first applicant requested the Board to stay his expulsion, which the Board refused on 7 October 2002.\n\nNo judicial appeal was lodged against the above decisions, which became final.\n\nOn 2 February 2003 the first and second applicants got married.\n\nOn 14 February 2003 the first applicant applied for a work permit on the ground of family reunification. The Directorate of Immigration rejected the application on 26 April 2003 and ordered him to leave Norway while indicating that the decision could be appealed against and that the police could set a time-limit for asking for respite of the expulsion. The decision was notified to him by local police on 7 May 2003 with an order to leave the country by 4 June 2003. The Directorate considered that the first applicant fell within a group of persons who were granted work permit for the purpose of family reunification under section 9 of the Immigration Act (and Article 23(1)(a) of the Immigration Regulation (Utlendingsforskriften)) but rejected the application on the ground that it was not documented that he had fulfilled the condition of ensured means of subsistence (Article 25 of the Regulation). In the view of the Directorate, there were no particularly strong human considerations warranting an exception being made from this condition in the instant case (Article 25(3)).\n\nOn 14 May 2003 the first applicant again appealed and requested stay of execution. The Directorate of Immigration rejected the request and local police notified him thereof on 19 October 2003 with an order to leave Norway by 30 October 2003.\n\nB. Administrative sanction for failure to leave the country and ensuing judicial proceedings\n\nConcurrently with the Immigration Appeals Board's examination of the first applicant's appeal of 14 May 2003, the Directorate of Immigration on 4 July 2003 warned him that it was contemplating to expel him pursuant to section 29(1)(a) of the Immigration Act. It referred to his registered gainful employment since 1 September 2002 and to his having worked in breach of section 6 of the Immigration Act since the rejection of his asylum application on 11 September 2002. Moreover, the Directorate referred to his defiance of his obligation to comply with the time-limit for leaving the country after the rejection of his asylum request. The Directorate considered that he had seriously contravened the provisions of the Act and had evaded implementation of the order to leave the country.\n\nOn 26 August 2003 the Directorate of Immigration decided to expel the applicant pursuant section 29(1)(a) of the Immigration Act. It found that the applicant's alleged ignorance of the unlawfulness of his gainful occupation was no excuse and that it would not be disproportionate to expel him despite his marriage with the second applicant. It decided to prohibit the first applicant from re-entry into Norway for five years, with a possibility of re-entry on application - normally only after two years.\n\nOn 21 July 2004 the Immigration Appeals Board upheld the Directorate of Immigration's rejection of his request for family reunification and its decision that the basic conditions for expelling the first applicant under section 29(1) of the Immigration Act were fulfilled; for more than a year he had been in gainful occupation without a work/residence permit. The Board also noted that he had avoided the implementation of the decision refusing him asylum and obliging him to leave the country. The Board found that his expulsion would not be disproportionate or otherwise contrary to Article 8 of the Convention. It also dismissed his appeal against the Directorate's rejection of his application for a work permit.\n\nBy a judgment of 15 February 2005 the Oslo City Court quashed the Immigration Appeals Board's decision of 21 July 2004 as being invalid.\n\nIn its judgment the City Court observed that it found it obvious that the basic condition for expelling the first applicant \u2013 that he had seriously or repeatedly violated the Immigration Act or had defied implementation of the decision that he should leave the country \u2013 had been fulfilled. The question then was whether expulsion would be a disproportionate measure vis-\u00e0-vis the first applicant and his close family.\n\nIn this regard the City Court observed that, although the first applicant had failed to comply with one of the conditions for contracting marriage in Norway, namely lawful residence in the country (sections 5(a) and 7 (k) of the Marriage Act 1991), he had had reason to believe (as from February 2003) that he had a right to stay and to apply for a work permit and a residence permit. While he had failed to respect two time-limits for leaving the country (30 September 2002 and 4 June 2003), he could not be criticised for having exceeded such deadlines after 26 April 2003 as the information furnished to him by the Directorate of Immigration had been unclear as to the time-limits set for his leaving the country compared to those set for asking respite and the replies given to his requests for respite. He had worked unlawfully for nine months and had resided unlawfully for four and a half months. This was, relatively speaking, not a very serious offence, which fact counterbalanced his relatively weak links to Norway. To impose a prohibition on re-entry for five years would constitute a disproportionate measure towards the applicant and his family in the sense of section 29 of the Immigration Act. It could easily lead to the dissolution of the family. The second applicant would presumably have great difficulties of adaptation in the first applicant's home country. Even if the first applicant could apply for re-entry after two years, he would most probably only be granted permission to come for shorter visits. The City Court found it unnecessary to examine whether the disputed decision violated Article 8 of the Convention.\n\nOn an appeal by the State against the City Court judgment, the High Court reached a different conclusion. By a judgment of 27 February 2006, it found that the first applicant's omission to leave the country voluntarily, although not the same as going under ground, meant that he had avoided compliance with the order to leave the country, meaning that the basic conditions for his expulsion under section 29 of the Immigration Act were fulfilled.\n\nThe High Court noted from the outset that the first applicant had acknowledged that he had seriously or repeatedly infringed the provisions of the Immigration Act and that the formal conditions for expulsion were fulfilled. The first applicant disputed that he had evaded a decision to leave the country and had only omitted to voluntarily comply with the decision. However, the High Court considered that also such an omission constituted evasion for the purposes of the act, although it was less serious than going under ground.\n\nThe High Court found it established that the applicant had stayed lawfully in Norway from 25 August 2001 to 30 September 2002. It was undisputed that his stay was unlawful from 30 September or 1 October 2002 until 14 February 2003 when he applied for family reunification. It was further undisputed that he had worked unlawfully without a work permit for 9 months, from 30 September/1 October 2002 until early July 2003, when the Directorate of Immigration warned him about expulsion. Thus the formal grounds for expulsion according to section 29 of the Immigration Act (as defined in Circular 03-25) were fulfilled.\n\nThe High Court observed that the central issue was the one of proportionality. In this regard it noted that the first applicant's links to Norway were very limited. He had arrived in Norway aged 22 years, without any links to the country. At the time of the impugned decision he had lived there for less than three years, parts of the time unlawfully. Already after less than two years he had been warned of expulsion. His stay in Norway had been very short and could not have given him any legitimate expectation of being able to live there. This was not significantly altered by his marriage to the second applicant, which had been entered into shortly before the disputed decision and in breach of the provisions on marriage. It was not uncommon for a person whose expulsion had been decided to marry a Norwegian citizen and use this as an argument to have the expulsion order invalidated. In such a situation expulsion would inevitably interfere with an established family situation. In this case there was no indication that expulsion would entail extra burdens of any kind beyond what followed from the separation.\n\nThe High Court also found that the first applicant's links to Nigeria were particularly strong and far more so than his links to Norway. In Nigeria he had lived from the age of six months until the age of 22, had studied at university for four years, and had three brothers with whom he was still in contact. Nor were there any concrete factors suggesting that, because he sought asylum in Norway, he would encounter particular problems with the Nigerian authorities upon return.\n\nAs regards the second applicant, the High Court observed that at the time that they married she must already have been aware of the uncertainty of the first applicant's stay in Norway. Moreover, she was used to living abroad, having lived for several periods in South Africa. English was also the official language of Nigeria. In the view of the High Court, she would not face insurmountable problems by settling in Nigeria for a shorter or longer period, should she so wish.\n\nAs to the first applicant's violations of the Immigration Act, the High Court found them to be of a certain degree of seriousness but did not find them particularly aggravated. However, having regard to the tenuous character of his links to Norway, the High Court considered that the balance of interest was not in his favour. Were it to be otherwise, expulsion would be possible only in very rare cases, with the consequence that this would have for the implementation of adopted immigration policies. The only countervailing consideration was his marriage to the second applicant. However, this could not be decisive; otherwise it would leave open a practice which would completely undermine the authorities' implementation of the Immigration Act.\n\nRelying essentially on the same considerations as mentioned above, the High Court, taking into account the Strasbourg Court's case law, did not find that the disputed decision would be incompatible with Article 8 of the Convention.\n\nOn 14 June 2006 the Appeals Leave Committee of the Supreme Court refused the applicant leave to appeal, finding it obvious that the appeal had no prospects of success.\n\nIn the meantime, on 15 February 2005 the first applicant had submitted a new application for a work permit on the ground of family reunification with the second applicant. The Directorate of Immigration rejected his application on 21 July 2006.\n\nC. Birth of the third applicant and renewed requests by the first applicant\n\nOn 20 September 2006 the couple had a child, Selma, who is the third applicant.\n\nOn 31 October 2006 the Immigration Appeals Board rejected an appeal by the first applicant against the Directorate of Immigration's refusal of 21 July 2006. The Board found that quashing the refusal of re-entry was not required in the interest of the third applicant, inter alia noting that the child had been conceived after a final expulsion order and referring to the circumstances of the entry into marriage. It would be possible for the second and third applicants to live with the first applicant for shorter or longer periods in his home country. Although the fact that the first and second applicants had had a child together substantially altered the assessment of the proportionality of the prohibition of re-entry, the Board still did not find that the measure would be disproportionate. Neither Article 8 of the Convention nor the United Nations Children Convention could imply a different solution.\n\nOn 2 November 2006 the Directorate of Immigration refused to stay the applicant's expulsion.\n\nOn 13 December 2006 the applicants, represented by a lawyer, submitted an application under the Convention, which was received at the Registry on 3 January 2007. They complained that the first applicant's expulsion would entail a splitting of the family in breach of Article 8 of the Convention. It would not be possible for the second and third applicants to accompany him to Nigeria. They submitted that, having regard to the minor character of his breaches of the Immigration Act, the enforcement of the expulsion order would constitute a disproportionate interference with the applicant's family life. Any such enforcement should await a final decision by the Court.\n\nOn 5 January 2007 the President of the Section decided, in the circumstances, not to indicate to the Government of Norway, under Rule 39 of the Rules of Court, the interim measure requested. The circumstances underlying the application were not of the kind to which, in the Court's practice, Rule 39 was applied. On 19 January 2007 the applicants' lawyer informed the Court that they wished to maintain their application notwithstanding the refusal to apply Rule 39.\n\nOn 30 March 2007 the Immigration Appeals Board dismissed an appeal by the first applicant against a rejection by the Directorate of Immigration of 30 October 2006 of a renewed request by the first applicant for family reunion with the third applicant. The request had been made on the basis of a provision in the Immigration Regulation which was applicable to cases of unmarried parents and therefore did not cover the applicants' case. Nor did the Board see any other reason for altering its earlier decision in the case.\n\nD. Implementation of the first applicant's expulsion\n\nIn the meantime, on 7 March 2007 the Implementation Group of the Oslo Police District expelled the first applicant back to Nigeria.", "applicant": "Darren Omoregie", "offset": 1118, "idx_mapping": [1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1118, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Kamal Baders were born in 1972, 1973, 1998 and 1999 respectively and are currently in Sweden. They arrived in Sweden on 25 August 2002 and applied to the Migration Board (Migrationsverket) for asylum on the following day. The first applicant submitted that he was of Kurdish origin, a Sunnite Muslim, and had lived with his family and worked in Beirut (Lebanon) since 1995. He claimed that in December 1999 he and three of his brothers had been arrested by the Syrian security police and imprisoned in Aleppo (Syria) for nine months because the police wanted information about another brother who had absconded while performing military service in 1998. He further alleged that he had been tortured and ill-treated in prison and had only been released after being hospitalised as a result of the ill-treatment.
|
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12725, "entity_id": "001-70841_a8_e47", "entity_mention_id": "001-70841_a8_em134", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Aliens Appeals Board", "start_offset": 12705}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12894, "entity_id": "001-70841_a8_e13", "entity_mention_id": "001-70841_a8_em135", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Syria", "start_offset": 12889}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12965, "entity_id": "001-70841_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-70841_a8_em136", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Sweden", "start_offset": 12959}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12984, "entity_id": "001-70841_a8_e74", "entity_mention_id": "001-70841_a8_em137", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 April 2004", "start_offset": 12971}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13053, "entity_id": "001-70841_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-70841_a8_em138", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Migration Board", "start_offset": 13038}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Kamal Bader", "meta": {"applicant": "Kamal Bader", "articles": [91, 34, 50, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2005}, "doc_id": "001-70841", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 13284/04) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by four Syrian nationals, Mr Kamal Bader Muhammad Kurdi, Mrs Hamida Abdilhamid Mohammad Kanbor and their two minor children (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 16 April 2004.\n\nThe applicants, who had been granted legal aid, were represented by Mr K. Larsson, a lawyer practising in Karlskrona. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms E. Jagander, of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicants alleged that, if deported from Sweden to Syria, the first applicant would face a real risk of being arrested and executed contrary to Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Fourth Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nThe President of the Chamber and subsequently the Chamber decided, on 16 and 27 April 2004 respectively, to apply Rule 39, indicating to the Government that it was desirable in the interests of the parties and the proper conduct of the proceedings not to deport the applicants pending the Court's decision.\n\nBy a decision of 26 October 2004, the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nOn 1 November 2004 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Second Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1).\n\nThe Government filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants were born in 1972, 1973, 1998 and 1999 respectively and are currently in Sweden.\n\nThey arrived in Sweden on 25 August 2002 and applied to the Migration Board (Migrationsverket) for asylum on the following day. The first applicant submitted that he was of Kurdish origin, a Sunnite Muslim, and had lived with his family and worked in Beirut (Lebanon) since 1995. He claimed that in December 1999 he and three of his brothers had been arrested by the Syrian security police and imprisoned in Aleppo (Syria) for nine months because the police wanted information about another brother who had absconded while performing military service in 1998. He further alleged that he had been tortured and ill-treated in prison and had only been released after being hospitalised as a result of the ill-treatment. After his release, he returned to Beirut to stay with his family. Between 2001 and 2002 he was arrested four times by the security police, questioned about his brother's whereabouts and beaten. However, on each occasion, he was released after a few days. In 2002 the applicants moved to Aleppo, where they remained until they left Syria in August 2002. The applicants stated that they had left Syria legally, flying from Damascus to Turkey and then on to Stockholm. They had travelled using their own passports but had destroyed them upon their arrival in Sweden.\n\nOn 27 June 2003 the Migration Board rejected the family's application for asylum and their request for residence permits and ordered their deportation to Syria. It noted, firstly, that the general situation of Kurds in Syria was not such as to satisfy the requirements for asylum since, inter alia, Kurds who were Syrian nationals had the same rights as all other citizens. Moreover, the majority of the population in Syria were Sunnite Muslims. The Migration Board then found that the applicants had not shown that they risked persecution if they were sent back to Syria. It observed that, except for the first occasion in 1999, the first applicant had been released shortly after each interrogation by the security police. Moreover, as the interrogations had concerned his brother and not himself, the Migration Board considered that he was not personally in need of protection. In this connection, it noted that the first applicant had not been able to explain why his brother had left the army or why the security police was so interested in him. The Migration Board also observed that the applicants had left Syria legally.\n\nThe applicants appealed to the Aliens Appeals Board (Utl\u00e4nningsn\u00e4mnden), relying on the same grounds as they had before the Migration Board and adding that Kurds were being persecuted and discriminated against in Syria. They also claimed that they had paid 6,000 United States dollars for false passports which they had subsequently discarded. Furthermore, the second applicant had been admitted to an emergency psychiatric clinic for three days in July 2003 owing to panic attacks.\n\nOn 16 September 2003 the Aliens Appeals Board dismissed the appeal on the same grounds as the Migration Board, stating that the new reasons advanced by the applicants did not alter the position. The deportation order was also upheld.\n\nThe applicants subsequently lodged a new application with the Aliens Appeals Board which was rejected on 27 November 2003.\n\nFurther, during the autumn of 2003, the District Court (tingsr\u00e4tten) of Blekinge convicted the first applicant of threatening behaviour against his four-year-old daughter and a neighbour. It gave him a suspended sentence and made an order for his deportation from Sweden. However, he appealed to the Court of Appeal (hovr\u00e4tten) of Sk\u00e5ne and Blekinge, which on 24 February 2004 upheld the conviction and the suspended sentence but quashed the deportation order as it did not consider that the offence in itself merited deportation.\n\nOn account of the District Court's decision on deportation, the police authorities had begun preparations to enforce it. In that connection, the Swedish embassy in Damascus ascertained that the applicants had left Damascus legally on 17 August 2002 using their own passports but had in fact travelled via Cyprus, not Turkey.\n\nIn January 2004 the family lodged a new application for asylum to the Aliens Appeals Board and requested a stay of execution of the deportation order. They referred to a judgment that had been delivered on 17 November 2003 by the Regional Court in Aleppo which stated that the first applicant had been convicted, in absentia, of complicity in a murder and sentenced to death pursuant to Article 535 \u00a7 1 of the Syrian Criminal Code.\n\nOn 9 January 2004 the Aliens Appeals Board granted a stay of execution of the deportation order against the applicants until further notice and requested them to submit an original of the judgment and other relevant documents in support of their application.\n\nOn 26 January 2004 the applicants submitted to the Aliens Appeals Board a certified copy of the judgment in which it was stated that the first applicant and his brother had, on several occasions, threatened their brother-in-law because they considered that he had ill-treated their sister and paid too small a dowry, thereby dishonouring their family. In November 1998 the first applicant's brother had shot the brother-in-law, after planning the murder with the first applicant, who had provided the weapon. The Syrian court, which noted that the two brothers had absconded, found them guilty of the charges and sentenced them to death. They were also ordered to pay 1,000,000 Syrian pounds to the victim's family and were deprived of their civil rights and all their assets were frozen. The first applicant was also charged with unlawfully possessing a military firearm, a charge which the Syrian court had instructed the military prosecutor to proceed with. Lastly, the court went on to state: \u201c[T]his judgment has been delivered in the accused's absence. [It] can be reopened.\u201d It would appear that the judgment has gained legal force.\n\nThe applicants also submitted some further documents concerning the proceedings in Syria, including a summons dated 10 August 2003 requiring the first applicant to present himself before the court within ten days, failing which he would forfeit his civil rights and the control of his assets. The first applicant claimed that he had not been involved in the murder as he had been in Beirut at the material time. He also explained that he had, in fact, spent nine months in custody in 1999-2000 on suspicion of complicity in the murder and had been released on bail on 9 September 2000. He insisted that he had not mentioned this before because it concerned the family's honour and his sister's humiliation. The applicant was represented by a lawyer in Syria whose contact details had been provided to the Aliens Appeals Board.\n\nOn 16 February 2004 the Aliens Appeals Board requested the Swedish embassy in Syria to verify whether the judgment was authentic and, if so, whether it was possible to appeal or to have the case reopened. They further enquired if a reprieve was possible and whether death sentences were normally carried out in Syria.\n\nBy a letter dated 14 March 2004, the Swedish embassy in Syria informed the Aliens Appeals Board that a local lawyer (f\u00f6rtroendeadvokat) they had engaged had confirmed that the judgment was authentic. He had also carried out research into the Syrian criminal law on sentences for murder and manslaughter, the results of which were attached to the embassy's letter.\n\nThe embassy provided the following information in their letter to the Aliens Appeals Board. According to the local lawyer it was probable (sannolikt) that the case would be retried in court once the accused were located and it would then be very likely (troligt) that new witnesses would be called and the entire case reheard. Further, the fact that a case was \u201chonour related\u201d was usually considered a mitigating factor leading to a lighter sentence. The embassy said that the lawyer had also stated that it was not unusual for the Syrian courts to impose the maximum sentence possible when an accused failed to appear for trial after being summoned to do so. It added that, according to their sources, it appeared that the accused had to be present in person in order to obtain a retrial. In this respect, the Syrian judicial system was marked by considerable (betydande) arbitrariness and the death sentence was carried out for serious crimes such as murder. However, every execution had to be approved by the President. The embassy had no reliable information about how frequently death sentences were enforced as they were normally carried out without any public scrutiny or accountability. However, the local lawyer had claimed that it was very rare for the death sentence to be imposed at all by the Syrian courts today.\n\nOn 4 March 2004, in response to the information provided by the embassy, the applicants initially noted that the first applicant was wanted in Syria under the judgment. They then observed that the local lawyer had only given his own opinion on the matter and on what he considered was likely to happen. However, there were no guarantees that the case would be reopened or that the outcome would be different. They also stated that it would now be very difficult for the first applicant to find any witnesses to testify on his behalf and that, since the murdered man's family was very wealthy, they would be able to bribe the prosecutor and witnesses and, for that matter, the judge. The first applicant alleged that the murdered man had not been his brother-in-law, contrary to what had been stated in the Syrian judgment (see paragraph 19 above), but that the man's family had relied on forged documents before the Syrian court, stating that the first applicant's sister had been married to him. Thus, the murder was considered to be of the most serious kind. Furthermore, the fact that the first applicant was of Kurdish origin would also expose him to discrimination by the court and possibly to a harsher sentence. The applicants argued that, in view of the fact that the Syrian legal system was arbitrary and corrupt, they had a well-founded fear that the first applicant would be executed if he were returned to Syria and that the family would thereby be destroyed.\n\nOn 7 April 2004 the Aliens Appeals Board, by two votes to one, rejected the applicants' request for asylum. The majority considered, on the basis of the local lawyer's research, that it had been established that, if the first applicant returned to Syria, the case against him would be reopened and he would receive a full retrial, at the end of which, if convicted, he would be given a sentence other than death, as the case was \u201chonour related\u201d. Under those circumstances, the majority found that the applicants did not have a well-founded fear and were thus not in need of protection.\n\nThe dissenting member of the Aliens Appeals Board considered that, having regard to all the facts of the case, the applicants did have a well-founded fear that the first applicant would be executed if returned to Syria and the family should therefore be granted residence permits in Sweden.\n\nOn 19 April 2004, following the Court's indication under Rule 39, the Migration Board granted a stay of execution of the deportation order until further notice. The stay is still in force.", "applicant": "Kamal Bader", "offset": 1730, "idx_mapping": [1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1730, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2332, 2333, 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2349, 2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539], "duplicates": 1}
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Jürgen Schneider was born in 1944 and lives in Stephanskirchen. On 25 March 2000 Jürgen Schneider, driving on the A1 motorway in the direction of Linz, was stopped by a traffic patrol. The officers noted that he had been driving at 200 km/h, thus exceeding the speed limit of 130 km/h by 70 km/h, and that he had kept driving in the left-hand lane, in breach of the Road Traffic Act. Furthermore, they observed that, despite the good visibility, Jürgen Schneider had switched on his fog-lights, and that he had failed to present his driving licence when they had requested him to do so. Subsequently, on 27 April 2000 the Amstetten District Authority (Bezirkshauptmannschaft) requested Jürgen Schneider to comment on the above charges.
|
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2004", "start_offset": 6075}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6143, "entity_id": "001-88010_a8_e52", "entity_mention_id": "001-88010_a8_em66", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 December 2004", "start_offset": 6127}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6180, "entity_id": "001-88010_a8_e33", "entity_mention_id": "001-88010_a8_em67", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Independent Administrative Panel", "start_offset": 6148}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6285, "entity_id": "001-88010_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-88010_a8_em68", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "30 December 2004", "start_offset": 6269}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6357, "entity_id": "001-88010_a8_e43", "entity_mention_id": "001-88010_a8_em69", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 6337}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6385, "entity_id": "001-88010_a8_e54", "entity_mention_id": "001-88010_a8_em70", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 6365}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: J\u00fcrgen Schneider", "meta": {"applicant": "J\u00fcrgen Schneider", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2008}, "doc_id": "001-88010", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 25166/05) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a German national, Mr J\u00fcrgen Schneider (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 29 June 2005.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr J. Postlmayr, a lawyer practising in Mattighofen. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The German Government did not make use of their right to intervene under Article 36 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nOn 7 November 2006 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1944 and lives in Stephanskirchen.\n\nOn 25 March 2000 the applicant, driving on the A1 motorway in the direction of Linz, was stopped by a traffic patrol. The officers noted that he had been driving at 200 km/h, thus exceeding the speed limit of 130 km/h by 70 km/h, and that he had kept driving in the left-hand lane, in breach of the Road Traffic Act. Furthermore, they observed that, despite the good visibility, the applicant had switched on his fog-lights, and that he had failed to present his driving licence when they had requested him to do so.\n\nSubsequently, on 27 April 2000 the Amstetten District Authority (Bezirkshauptmannschaft) requested the applicant to comment on the above charges.\n\nOn 15 May 2000 the applicant filed his defence. He stated that he had been in a rush, since his passenger was sick and he wanted to take him home as fast as possible. Furthermore, he claimed that he had been driving at a maximum of 160 km/h. In addition, he submitted that he had been constantly overtaking cars, which was why he had been driving in the left-hand lane. The applicant contended that he had not used any fog-lights.\n\nIn a decision of 5 October 2000 the Amstetten District Authority convicted the applicant of four traffic offences, namely speeding, breaching the requirement to drive in the right-hand lane, unjustified use of fog-lights and failure to carry his driving licence with him, and imposed fines amounting in total to 7,000 Austrian schillings (508.71 euros) on him, with 236 hours\u2019 imprisonment in default. Moreover, it ordered him to pay procedural costs.\n\nRepeating his defence, the applicant, on 2 November 2000, lodged an appeal as regards the first three offences with the Lower Austria Independent Administrative Panel (Unabh\u00e4ngiger Verwaltungssenat). He did not appeal against his conviction for failure to carry a driving licence with him. He did not request a hearing.\n\nOn 28 May 2001 the Independent Administrative Panel, sitting in camera, dismissed the appeal. It stated that two police officers had been following the applicant over a stretch of more than 1,000 metres and had made consistent statements on the event.\n\nOn 24 July 2001 the applicant lodged a complaint with the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof). He alleged in particular that the Independent Administrative Panel had failed to hold a hearing. This would have allowed it to examine his passenger and the police officers and, if need be, to obtain an expert opinion. Furthermore he repeated his defence as regards the charges of speeding and driving in the left-hand lane. As to the alleged use of fog-lights, the applicant presumed that they had possibly been mixed up with his xenon lamps.\n\nAt the Administrative Court\u2019s request, the applicant submitted a second copy of his complaint on 14 August 2001.\n\nOn 20 November 2001 the Independent Administrative Panel filed its observations on the case. It stated that the applicant had failed to request a hearing. Nor had he applied for the examination of a witness or the production of an expert opinion.\n\nOn 16 January 2002, the applicant supplemented his complaint. He asserted, in particular, that an oral hearing had to be held even if he had not expressly requested one.\n\nIn an order of 29 January 2002 the Independent Administrative Panel was requested to submit the file. On 27 February 2002 it informed the Administrative Court that the file was missing. At the same time it submitted a statement in reply. The applicant made further submissions on 19 March 2002.\n\nOn 23 July 2004 the Administrative Court partly quashed the Independent Administrative Panel\u2019s decision. It (a) upheld the conviction as regards speeding but quashed the sentence relating to this offence; (b) quashed the conviction and sentence as to the unjustified use of broad-beam lamps; and (c) refused to deal with the complaint relating to the conviction for breaching the requirement to drive in the right-hand lane pursuant to section 33a of the Administrative Court Act. In respect of the first two offences the Administrative Court remitted the case to the Independent Administrative Panel, holding that the latter was obliged to hold a hearing, since none of the exceptions set out in section 51e of the Administrative Offences Act (Verwaltungsstrafgesetz), which regulates the question of oral hearings, had been present. The Administrative Court\u2019s judgment was served on the applicant\u2019s counsel on 24 August 2004.\n\nOn 7 September 2004 the Independent Administrative Panel issued a summons for a hearing on 30 September 2004.\n\nOn that date the Independent Administrative Panel heard the two police officers as witnesses. The applicant had asked to be excused.\n\nOn 3 November 2004, following a further excuse by the applicant\u2019s counsel, the Independent Administrative Panel scheduled another hearing for 29 November 2004.\n\nIn a letter of 26 November 2004 counsel notified the Independent Administrative Panel that, since he was unable to contact the applicant, neither he nor his client would attend the hearing. The hearing was held on 29 November 2004 in the absence of the defence.\n\nOn 13 December 2004 the Independent Administrative Panel dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal. The decision was served on the applicant\u2019s counsel on 30 December 2004.\n\nThe applicant did not lodge a complaint with the Administrative Court or the Constitutional Court.", "applicant": "J\u00fcrgen Schneider", "offset": 961, "idx_mapping": [961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695], "duplicates": 1}
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Vereinigung Bildender Künstler Wiener Secession is an association of artists with its seat in the Secession building in Vienna. The Secession, an independent gallery, is devoted entirely to exhibitions of contemporary art. One of the basic objectives of the association is to present current developments in Austrian and international art, and to cultivate an openness to experimentation. Between 3 April and 21 June 1998 Vereinigung Bildender Künstler association held an exhibition on its premises. The exhibition, entitled “The century of artistic freedom” (“Das Jahrhundert künstlerischer Freiheit”), was intended as part of the celebrations of the association's 100th anniversary.
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"entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em79", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Meischberger", "start_offset": 6898}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7456, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em80", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Meischberger", "start_offset": 7441}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7631, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em81", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Meischberger", "start_offset": 7616}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8045, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e49", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em82", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 July 2000", "start_offset": 8033}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 8086, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e50", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em83", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof)", "start_offset": 8050}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8456, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em84", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Meischberger", "start_offset": 8441}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8617, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em85", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Meischberger", "start_offset": 8602}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8711, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em86", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Meischberger", "start_offset": 8696}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 9084, "entity_id": "001-79213_a8_e51", "entity_mention_id": "001-79213_a8_em87", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 September 2000", "start_offset": 9067}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Vereinigung Bildender K\u00fcnstler", "meta": {"applicant": "Vereinigung Bildender K\u00fcnstler", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 48, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-79213", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 68354/01) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an association, Vereinigung Bildender K\u00fcnstler (\u201cthe applicant association\u201d), on 12 March 2001.\n\nThe applicant association was represented by Sch\u00f6nherr OEG, a law firm practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant association alleged that the Austrian courts' decisions forbidding it to continue exhibiting a painting by Otto M\u00fchl had violated its right to freedom of expression under Article 10 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was allocated to the First Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 30 June 2005 the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nNeither the applicant association nor the Government filed further written observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nVereinigung Bildender K\u00fcnstler Wiener Secession is an association of artists with its seat in the Secession building in Vienna. The Secession, an independent gallery, is devoted entirely to exhibitions of contemporary art. One of the basic objectives of the association is to present current developments in Austrian and international art, and to cultivate an openness to experimentation.\n\nBetween 3 April and 21 June 1998 the applicant association held an exhibition on its premises. The exhibition, entitled \u201cThe century of artistic freedom\u201d (\u201cDas Jahrhundert k\u00fcnstlerischer Freiheit\u201d), was intended as part of the celebrations of the association's 100th anniversary. Among the works to be shown was a painting entitled \u201cApocalypse\u201d, which had been produced for the occasion by the Austrian painter Otto M\u00fchl. The painting, measuring 450 cm by 360 cm, showed a collage of various public figures, such as Mother Teresa, the Austrian cardinal Hermann Groer and the former head of the Austrian Freedom Party (FP\u00d6) Mr J\u00f6rg Haider, in sexual positions. While the naked bodies of these figures were painted, the heads and faces were depicted using blown-up photos taken from newspapers. The eyes of some of the persons portrayed were hidden under black bars. Among these persons was Mr Meischberger, a former general secretary of the FP\u00d6 until 1995, who at the time of the events was a member of the National Assembly (Nationalratsabgeordneter), a mandate he held until April 1999. Mr Meischberger was shown gripping the ejaculating penis of Mr Haider while at the same time being touched by two other FP\u00d6 politicians and ejaculating on Mother Teresa.\n\nThe exhibition, for which admission was charged, was open to the public.\n\nOn 11 June 1998, while the exhibition was in progress, the Austrian newspaper T\u00e4glich Alles bristled at the above painting's portayal of \u201cgroup sexual situations with Bishop Groer and Mother Teresa\u201d.\n\nOn 12 June 1998 the painting was damaged by a visitor, who covered with red paint the part which showed, among others, Mr Meischberger. As a consequence of this incident the entire painted body of Mr Meischberger and part of his face were covered with red paint.\n\nSeveral Austrian newspapers reported on this event and also published pictures of the painting.\n\nOn 22 June 1998 Mr Meischberger brought proceedings under section 78 of the Copyright Act (Urheberrechtsgesetz) against the applicant association, seeking an injunction prohibiting it from exhibiting and publishing the painting. He further requested compensation in the amount of 20,000 Austrian schillings (ATS \u2013 1,453.46 euros (EUR)). He argued that the painting, showing him in sexual positions with several persons, debased him and his political activities and made statements as to his allegedly loose sexual life (lotterhaftes Intimleben). The black eye-bars did not prevent him from being recognised, because he was shown together with two other FP\u00d6 politicians. He remained recognisable even after the incident of 12 June 1998, which had further increased the publicity given to the painting. Furthermore, there was a danger of recurrence as after the present exhibition the painting was due to be shown at another exhibition in Prague.\n\nOn 6 August 1999 the Vienna Commercial Court (Handelsgericht) dismissed Mr Meischberger's action. It noted that it had initially been intended to show the exhibition in Prague, Bucharest and Luxembourg as well; now the intention was to close down the exhibition. The court further found that it could be ruled out that the painting had adversely affected the claimant or divulged information about his private life, as the painting, which resembled a comic strip (\u201ccomixartig\u201d), obviously did not represent reality. However, a painting showing the claimant in such an intimate position could, regardless of its relation to reality, still have a degrading and personally debasing effect. In the present case, however, the right of the applicant association to freedom of artistic expression outweighed Mr Meischberger's personal interests. When balancing the latter's interests against the interests of the applicant association, the court had regard in particular to the fact that the exhibition was dedicated to the association's artistic spectrum over the last hundred years, which included the work of the Austrian painter Otto M\u00fchl. It further noted that the painting showed numerous other persons, among them friends and benefactors of the painter, and also representatives of the FP\u00d6 party, which had always strongly criticised Mr M\u00fchl's work.\n\nThe painting in question could therefore be seen as a kind of counter-attack (Gegenschlag). In any event, Mr Meischberger's picture constituted only a rather small part of the painting and was therefore not striking. The court further added that there appeared to be no danger of recurrence (Wiederholungsgefahr) as the painting had been partly covered by red paint and Mr Meischberger was therefore no longer recognisable on it.\n\nOn 24 February 2000 the Vienna Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht), after having held an oral hearing, granted an appeal on points of law and fact by Mr Meischberger, issued an injunction against the applicant association prohibiting it from continuing to display the painting at exhibitions, and ordered it to pay the costs incurred by Mr Meischberger in the proceedings and ATS 20,000 (EUR 1,453.46), plus 4% interest with effect from 8 July 1998, in compensation. It further allowed Mr Meischberger to publish extracts of its judgment in two Austrian newspapers. It noted that Mr Meischberger's picture was only partly covered by red paint, so that part of his face, the shape of his head and his hairstyle were still recognisable. The limits of artistic freedom were exceeded when the image of a person was substantially deformed by wholly imaginary elements without it being evident that the picture aimed at satire or any other form of exaggeration. The painting in the present case was not intended to be a parable or even an exaggerated criticism conveying a basic message, such as, for example, the statement that Mr Meischberger had disregarded sexual decency and morals. It therefore did not fall within the scope of Article 10 of the Convention, but in fact constituted a debasement of Mr Meischberger's public standing (Entw\u00fcrdigung \u00f6ffentlichen Ansehens). The applicant association could not justify the exhibition of the painting under the artistic freedom protected by Article 17a of the Basic Law (Staatsgrundsgesetz). There was, furthermore, nothing to indicate that the applicant association would abstain from exhibiting the painting in the future, so that there was a danger of recurrence.\n\nOn 18 July 2000 the Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) rejected an appeal by the applicant association as it did not concern a legal question of considerable interest. It noted that the Court of Appeal had not questioned the fact that the painting fell within the scope of protection provided by Article 17a of the Basic Law but, weighing the guarantee of artistic freedom enshrined in that provision against Mr Meischberger's personal rights as protected by section 78 of the Copyright Act, had considered that the latter prevailed over the former because a picture of Mr Meischberger had been used in a degrading and insulting manner. As to the question whether Mr Meischberger could still be recognised despite the painting being covered with red paint, the Court of Appeal had not contradicted the documents contained in the court file and there was therefore no need for a rectification. It ordered the applicant association to pay the costs of the proceedings.\n\nThat decision was served on the applicant association's counsel on 13 September 2000.", "applicant": "Vereinigung Bildender K\u00fcnstler", "offset": 1305, "idx_mapping": [1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1305, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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On 5 July 1991, at the Crown Court at Isleworth, Middlesex, Armand Atlans and another man, Jean-Pierre Terrasson, were convicted of illegally importing 18 kilograms of cocaine (with a street value of GBP 2‑3 million) into Heathrow Airport, London, on 3 November 1990. Armand Atlans and Mr Terrasson had been under surveillance by officers of Her Majesty’s Customs and Excise for some five weeks prior to their arrest on 3 November 1990. On 29 September the three men were observed travelling to Copenhagen Airport. They did not leave the airport and almost immediately after arriving they checked in their luggage and returned to Heathrow. The second applicant (henceforth, “Thierry”) and Mr Terrasson travelled to Brazil on 30 September, and the first applicant (“Armand”) went to Los Angeles on 1 October.
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"end_offset": 24932, "entity_id": "001-59520_a8_e31", "entity_mention_id": "001-59520_a8_em318", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "London", "start_offset": 24926}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 24991, "entity_id": "001-59520_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-59520_a8_em319", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Copenhagen", "start_offset": 24981}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25047, "entity_id": "001-59520_a8_e58", "entity_mention_id": "001-59520_a8_em320", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Terrasson", "start_offset": 25038}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25284, "entity_id": "001-59520_a8_e51", "entity_mention_id": "001-59520_a8_em321", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Brazilian", "start_offset": 25275}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25306, "entity_id": "001-59520_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-59520_a8_em322", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Steiner", "start_offset": 25299}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Armand Atlan", "meta": {"applicant": "Armand Atlan", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2001}, "doc_id": "001-59520", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 36533/97) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two French nationals, Armand Atlan (\u201cthe first applicant\u201d) and his son, Thierry Atlan (\u201cthe second applicant\u201d), on 28 February 1997. The second applicant died in July 1998.\n\nThe applicants were represented before the Court by Mr H. Brown, a lawyer practising in Ruislip, Middlesex. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr H. Llewellyn, Foreign and Commonwealth Office. On 13 October 2000 the French Government were informed of the application but they declined to intervene.\n\nThe applicants alleged that they had been denied a fair trial in breach of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nBy a decision of 10 October 2000 the Chamber declared the application admissible and decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nOn 5 July 1991, at the Crown Court at Isleworth, Middlesex, the applicants and another man, Jean-Pierre Terrasson, were convicted of illegally importing 18 kilograms of cocaine (with a street value of GBP 2\u20113 million) into Heathrow Airport, London, on 3 November 1990.\n\nThe applicants and Mr Terrasson had been under surveillance by officers of Her Majesty\u2019s Customs and Excise for some five weeks prior to their arrest on 3 November 1990. On 29 September the three men were observed travelling to Copenhagen Airport. They did not leave the airport and almost immediately after arriving they checked in their luggage and returned to Heathrow. The second applicant (henceforth, \u201cThierry\u201d) and Mr Terrasson travelled to Brazil on 30 September, and the first applicant (\u201cArmand\u201d) went to Los Angeles on 1 October. The two applicants returned to London on 30 October, when Armand was observed arriving at Heathrow carrying a black suitcase. On 2 November 1990 he met Thierry (who had been in France) and Mr Terrasson (coming from Brazil) at Heathrow.\n\nOn 3 November 1990 a man named Willi Smolny flew from Brazil to London via Copenhagen. He had with him a black suitcase containing 18 kilograms of cocaine.\n\nThat morning, the applicants went to Mr Terrasson\u2019s London hotel. Thierry was seen carrying a black suitcase similar to Mr Smolny\u2019s. Shortly thereafter he and Mr Terrasson left the hotel by taxi for Heathrow, carrying the black and a grey suitcase. At the airport they boarded a flight for Copenhagen, checking in the black suitcase in Mr Terrasson\u2019s name and the grey suitcase in Thierry\u2019s name. Immediately on their arrival in Copenhagen they checked themselves on to a return flight to Heathrow. Mr Smolny was also on this flight, although there was no evidence of contact between Mr Smolny, Thierry and Mr Terrasson.\n\nWhen the aeroplane reached Heathrow, customs officers intercepted the luggage. They found that the two black suitcases were indeed very similar. Mr Smolny\u2019s suitcase was to contain 18 kilograms of cocaine. It was almost twice as heavy as the suitcase checked in by Mr Terrasson, which had a number of identifying tags attached to it.\n\nThe officers put the two suitcases back with the other luggage from the flight which passed for collection on to the carousel. One of the officers saw Thierry take Mr Smolny\u2019s suitcase from the carousel and put it onto Mr Terrasson\u2019s trolley. Mr Terrasson took this suitcase through the green, \u201cnothing to declare\u201d, channel at customs. Thierry also collected the grey suitcase, which he took through the green channel. The other black suitcase, which had been checked on to the flight by Mr Terrasson, was not collected from the carousel.\n\nMr Terrasson and Thierry were arrested by customs officers. Armand, who had not been on the flight or at the airport, was arrested later that day at the home of a relative in South London. All three men were interviewed and denied any knowledge of or participation in the offence. Armand said that he was an emerald and diamond dealer in England for a short time on his way to Antwerp. He claimed not to know Mr Terrasson and stated that he did not know anything about his son\u2019s trip to Copenhagen. Thierry said that he had previously travelled to Copenhagen in connection with the purchase of some jewels, but said that he had made the most recent trip to see a girlfriend. He also denied knowing Mr Terrasson, until customs officers told him that Mr Terrasson\u2019s credit cards had been found in the grey suitcase. Thierry then conceded that he had had a brief encounter with Mr Terrasson in Copenhagen. Mr Terrasson denied knowing either of the applicants or Mr Smolny. He said that he had travelled alone to Copenhagen, taking with him a black suitcase, to meet a married woman friend. He was unable to meet her because her husband was home, so he returned immediately to London. He claimed to have taken his own, not Mr Smolny\u2019s, black suitcase from the carousel. Mr Smolny was arrested later in Zurich. He said in interview that he had been instructed by a man called Mr Morgan to bring the black suitcase, which he believed to contain antiques, from Sao Paolo to Heathrow and to leave it on the luggage carousel.\n\nIn January 1991 \u201cold-style\u201d committal proceedings (requiring the prosecution witnesses to give oral evidence) were held at the Uxbridge Magistrates Court. Under cross-examination by the defence counsel, the customs case-officer claimed that the only relevant evidence held by the prosecution which had not been disclosed to the defence was two tapes of interviews with the applicants\u2019 South London relatives, two or three interpreters\u2019 statements and some material taken from the house where Armand had been arrested.\n\nAt the trial, which started in May 1991, the prosecution case was that Armand had organised the importation, using Mr Smolny as the courier from Brazil to Copenhagen and London, and that he had instructed Mr Terrasson, with Thierry as \u201cminder\u201d, to collect Mr Smolny\u2019s suitcase at Heathrow as if in mistake for his own. There was no forensic, photographic or video evidence to substantiate the prosecution case, which relied to a large extent on the accounts given by customs officers of what they had observed.\n\nAll four defendants pleaded not guilty and gave evidence. The applicants maintained that Armand worked principally as a jewel trader, but that he did not keep written records because he systematically avoided paying taxes and duties in Brazil. The illegality of his jewel trading had motivated their lies during their initial interviews with customs officers. The applicants\u2019 defence centred around a dispute between Armand and a rival jewel trader based in Brazil called Rudi Steiner. They stated that Armand had paid Mr Steiner USD 200,000 in advance for diamonds, which Mr Steiner had failed to deliver to the applicants as agreed in Copenhagen on three occasions: 28 August, 29 September and 3 November 1990. On this last occasion, since, as before, Mr Steiner did not appear, Thierry and Mr Terrasson, who had gone together to collect the diamonds, returned immediately to Heathrow, where Thierry removed Mr Terrasson\u2019s, not Mr Smolny\u2019s, suitcase from the carousel. The applicants contended that Mr Steiner was an informer for Customs and Excise. They claimed that, in order to avoid repaying his debt and for fear that the applicants would discredit him amongst other Brazilian traders following the non-delivery of the diamonds, he had arranged falsely to implicate them in the importation of cocaine. However, they had no evidence to connect Mr Steiner to Mr Molny\u2019s suitcase full of drugs or to substantiate the suggestion that he was a Customs and Excise informer.\n\nUnder cross-examination the customs officers involved in the case refused either to confirm or deny whether or not they had used an informer. No evidence relating to an informer or to Rudi Steiner was served on the defence or put before the judge.\n\nIn his summing up the judge summarised the defence by saying, inter alia: \u201c...Steiner had long since either directly or through the Brazilian authorities informed British Customs and Excise that Armand Atlan and Thierry Atlan and Mr Terrasson were preparing to smuggle cocaine to England, and in that way had induced the Customs and Excise here to mount a prolonged and labour-intensive observation of those three men. On the Saturday, 3rd of November, Steiner sprang his trap. He got Morgan to send Smolny off with the suitcase ... with the drugs in it, believing it, of course, to be antiques and works of art. He got Armand Atlan to believe that it was worthwhile going for the third time to Copenhagen for a delivery of the diamonds and he notified Customs of the itinerary of the various people which was to be foreseen from these arrangements, and that is how the incident you have heard about on the afternoon of that day and indeed the observations of that day, came about. It follows from that account \u2013 if it is an accurate one \u2013 that Mr Steiner had some luck: firstly, Terrasson had a suitcase just like Morgan\u2019s. Possibly someone had observed Terrasson\u2019s suitcase and given a very exact description to Morgan or Steiner and they were able to get a duplicate. It would be difficult for Steiner to ask the British Customs and Excise about Terrasson\u2019s suitcase for that purpose, you may think, without revealing that he himself was engaged in setting them up. You may think that British Customs and Excise in Britain would agree \u2013 you may want to consider whether they would agree to co-operate on that basis in framing an innocent group of foreigners of good character at the behest of an unknown Brazilian businessman like Steiner. ... Just consider in your mind what it would be like to try and induce the British Customs Service, even as an English subject, to co-operate with you in such a way. ... [I]t is worth just looking at the costs to Mr Steiner if Mr Atlan\u2019s story is right ... to see what was in it for Mr Steiner. His costs: he provided initially some samples [of diamonds] worth seven or eight thousand ... US dollars. ... He lost the cost of sending [his representative] diagonally across the world and back [with the sample] with a bit of time in a hotel. ... He lost the cost of Mr Smolny\u2019s fare in the Euro-class Sao Paolo/Copenhagen/London return, and he lost the cost of Mr Smolny\u2019s London hotel ... . [T]he case is that he lost all those things and whatever is the cost of 18 kilograms of 90 plus percent pure cocaine in Brazil. No doubt that cost is very, very much less than it would be in London, but ... you may think that 18 kilograms of high quality cocaine like that would cost a substantial sum, albeit nowhere near three million pounds, in the providing country. I put those bits and pieces of information together because it is not altogether obvious when one just runs through the story that that is what the information amounts to, but you may think it does, and it may be relevant to considering the likelihood of somebody behaving in the way Mr Steiner is said to have done.\u201d\n\nOn 5 July 1991 the jury, by a majority of ten to one, convicted the applicants and Mr Terrasson of importing the cocaine. Mr Smolny was acquitted. On 12 October 1991, after an inquiry by the judge under the Drug Trafficking Proceedings Act 1986, Armand was sentenced to eighteen years\u2019 imprisonment and a confiscation order of GBP 1,918,489.60 with a further ten years\u2019 imprisonment to be served in default of payment. Thierry and Mr Terrasson both received sentences of thirteen years\u2019 imprisonment and Thierry was also ordered to pay a confiscation order of GBP 6,140.66 or serve a further six months in prison.\n\nOn 8 August 1991 the first applicant applied for leave to appeal against conviction. On 8 November 1991 the single judge refused his application. The first applicant renewed it before the Full Court of Appeal and the second applicant applied directly to that Court for leave to appeal against conviction. On 8 February 1994 a summary of the case was prepared by the Criminal Appeal Office.\n\nIn spring 1994 the applicants learned from the French press (Lib\u00e9ration) that a Swiss undercover police officer, Commissioner Cattaneo, had written a report, called \u201cthe Mato Grosso Report\u201d, concerning his 1991 investigation into drug trafficking between Brazil and Europe. In early 1995 the applicants\u2019 solicitor obtained a copy of the report. It mentioned Rudi Steiner, describing him as one of three regular informers of the Brazilian, Danish and French police. He was said to have an interest in stolen jewels and a long-term involvement in the traffic from Brazil to Europe of large quantities of cocaine, which he was able freely to obtain from the Brazilian police. In a letter dated 4 December 1995, the Swiss Federal Police Office informed the applicants\u2019 solicitors that the report was the property of the Tessin cantonal police and that in 1991 a meeting was held at Federal Police headquarters in Bern concerning the Mato Grosso investigation but that it was not possible to provide any further information in this connection. The applicants provided a copy of the report to the prosecution, which declined to confirm or deny its authenticity or the truth of its contents, and repeated that there was no undisclosed material relevant to the issues at trial.\n\nThe applicants added a further ground of appeal coupled with an application for leave to call fresh evidence. They maintained that the Mato Grosso Report substantiated their suggestion at trial that Mr Steiner had access both to stolen jewels and cocaine and that he had an established relationship with law enforcement agencies in Europe. In their submission, the fact that the jury had not had before it evidence relating to these matters, and the fact that the judge, ignorant of the true facts, had characterised Mr Steiner in his summing up as an unknown Brazilian businessman, rendered their convictions unsafe.\n\nOn or about 19 October 1995 the prosecution informed the defence that, contrary to earlier statements, unserved unused material did in fact exist, which the prosecution wished to place before the Court of Appeal in the absence of the applicants or their lawyers. The prosecution then applied ex parte to the Court of Appeal for a ruling whether it was entitled, on grounds of public interest immunity, not to disclose this material. The applicants objected to the holding of an ex parte hearing, in writing on 27 November 1995 and orally before the Court of Appeal on 7 December 1995, submitting inter alia that the court was a tribunal of both fact and law and could be adversely influenced by material which was wrong or inaccurate.\n\nThe Court of Appeal dismissed the objections and heard the prosecution\u2019s ex parte application. It decided not to rule on the application unless or until such time that, having considered the applicants\u2019 application to introduce new evidence, it became necessary to do so.\n\nThe hearing of the applications for leave to appeal against conviction and to bring new evidence commenced on 18 December 1995. The Court of Appeal indicated its view that the Mato Grosso Report would not be admissible in evidence because, inter alia, its author could not be found to vouch for its accuracy and be cross-examined on its contents.\n\nAt the applicants\u2019 request the hearing was adjourned on 19 December 1995 and legal aid was granted to enable their solicitor to travel to Italy where, it was believed, Rudi Steiner was in custody awaiting trial on a charge of smuggling cocaine. However, the Italian authorities were unwilling to assist the applicants without the backing of a formal letter of request from a competent authority. The applicants therefore applied to the Court of Appeal for a letter requesting the Italian authorities to give their solicitor access to the criminal proceedings there. On 10 June 1996 a different constitution of the Court of Appeal ruled that in principle it had jurisdiction to issue such a letter of request. On 19 July 1996, however, the originally constituted court decided that the applicants\u2019 proposed request to the Italian authorities was too wide-ranging and, even if more restrictively drawn, unlikely to elicit information which would be either admissible or of assistance in the appeal. It therefore decided that it was not in the public interest to issue a letter of request, and adjourned the case until after the conclusion of Mr Steiner\u2019s trial in Italy in the Autumn of 1996. In the event, however, Mr Steiner was released on bail and his whereabouts were unknown at the time of the applicants\u2019 appeal hearing in February 1997.\n\nThe applicants\u2019 solicitor was able to obtain a number of documents relating to the Italian proceedings, including transcripts of interviews with Mr Steiner, arrest warrants and a list of his previous convictions. He was also able to obtain a statement from Commissioner Cattaneo, the Swiss police officer who had prepared the Mato Grosso Report. In his statement the Commissioner confirmed the authenticity of the report. He stated that he had been introduced to Mr Steiner by a Danish police officer and had become Mr Steiner\u2019s \u201chandler\u201d, passing information to the British authorities during the investigation into the applicants. According to the Commissioner\u2019s statement, his British \u201ccontact\u201d had been a customs officer named Martin Crago, whom he had contacted at the British Embassy in Brasilia. He believed that Mr Steiner had spoken to Mr Crago several times and had sought payment for information he had given him. The Commissioner concluded by indicating that he would be willing to appear as a witness in the Court of Appeal.\n\nOn 10 January 1997 the applicants added a further ground of appeal, alleging that the prosecution had failed to make full disclosure of the evidence in its possession concerning Mr Steiner, and that the lack of full disclosure rendered their convictions unsafe.\n\nThe day before the hearing of the appeal, Commissioner Catteneo informed the defence lawyers that his superiors in the Swiss Police Force had refused him authorisation to attend. The applicants\u2019 counsel suggested to the Court of Appeal that this decision might have resulted from communication between British Customs and Excise and the Swiss authorities, but there is no evidence in support of this. Mr Crago was called by the defence to give evidence. He denied that he had been Commissioner Cattaneo\u2019s contact and declined to answer any question about Mr Steiner.\n\nOn 16 February 1997, after hearing the applicants\u2019 application to admit new evidence and holding an ex parte hearing in the absence of the defence lawyers, the Court of Appeal ruled that justice did not require disclosure by the Crown of the public interest immunity evidence. The applicants and their lawyers were not permitted to be present when the court delivered its judgment on disclosure.\n\nOn 20 February 1997 the court dismissed the application for leave to appeal. It observed: \u201cLittle, if any, of the material [put before the Court of Appeal by the applicants\u2019 counsel] would have been admissible at the trial. That is not only because it is largely hearsay and unspecific as to events and dates, but simply because much of it is wholly irrelevant to the central issue in this case, namely whether British Customs and Excise officers conspired with Steiner to \u2018frame\u2019 the Atlans. However, in considering all the information put before us, we have not been able to avoid taking a view of its effect if, and to the extent that it were admissible and credible, on the outcome of this appeal, that is, whether ... it \u2018[might] afford any ground for allowing the appeal\u2019. We have tested that by assuming for the purpose: (1) that Steiner ... was charged in Italy, with others, on a charge of smuggling a large quantity of cocaine from South America to Italy in February 1995; (2) that his role in the importation of the drug to Italy is said to have been as a participating informer to the Italian police; (3) that since at least 1980 he had been concerned in the smuggling of large quantities of cocaine from Brazil to Europe; (4) that for many years before the November 1990 importation of cocaine he had been an informer to various law enforcement agencies in Europe, though there is nothing to suggest that he had any contact with the United Kingdom Customs and Excise before that importation; (5) that at the time of the November 1990 importation he had access to large quantities of cocaine in Brazil at little or no cost; (6) that he had provided information to a European law enforcement agency which led to the United Kingdom Customs and Excise observations of the Atlans before the November 1990 importation; and (7) that, as alleged by Armand at the trial, Steiner may have had a grudge against him arising out of some previous dealing between them. ... [Prosecuting counsel] suggested that the only way Steiner could have been sure of achieving such an end would have been to persuade the officers to \u2018plant\u2019 the drug on, or falsely attribute it to, Thierry or Terrasson. Such a conspiracy between Steiner and the officers would have been hard for them to organise to an assured outcome. ... [H]ow could they have organised it so that Terrasson had a suitcase almost identical to that of Smolny? And what possible motive or reason could the officers have had to lend themselves to such a disgraceful enterprise whether Steiner was a known informer or not? In the Court\u2019s view, there is force and hard logic in those submissions. There are also a number of other questions indicating the impossibility of the Atlans\u2019 defence. Why, if they thought they were to collect diamonds from Steiner, not drugs, did Thierry and Terrasson immediately check their luggage onto the return flight without apparently enquiring by telephone why he had not turned up or whether he had been delayed? Why did Smolny and the two of them make no contact in Copenhagen and ignore each other on the plane to Heathrow? Why did Thierry and Terrasson separate as Terrasson boarded a taxi at Heathrow with the case containing the cocaine? Why did the Atlans tell so many lies on arrest and in interview about their activities together before the flight to Copenhagen and about the reason for it? Why did Thierry lyingly state that he had travelled on his own on the return flight to Copenhagen and that he did not know Terrasson? Why did they later give wholly different accounts in evidence at their trial? Why did Smolny make indirect telephone contact with someone on Armand\u2019s telephone number in Brazil on the day of the importation? In the Court\u2019s view, none of its assumptions, some of which go well beyond the new information relied upon by the Atlans, detracts in any way from the overwhelming strength of the prosecution case identified in those various questions or provides any material support for the possibility of a conspiracy between the Customs and Excise officers and Steiner or anyone else to \u2018frame\u2019 the Atlans. The jury, by its verdict, clearly rejected Thierry and Terrasson\u2019s suggestion of it. Although Armand did not then suggest such a conspiracy, it was his only possible line of defence, though, for the reasons we have given, a wholly unrealistic one. [Prosecuting counsel\u2019s] submission, which echoes considerations voiced by the judge to the jury in the summing up, provides a logical and complete answer to the complaint based on Steiner\u2019s alleged role as an informer and drug smuggler. If the jury had had before it information matching our assumptions, it might have led them to conclude that Steiner may have provided some information, direct or indirect, to the United Kingdom Customs and Excise, but it could not have left them with any doubt as to the Atlans\u2019 knowing and deliberate involvement in the importation of cocaine into the United Kingdom. The evidence against them, which had been thoroughly and robustly tested at the trial, was overwhelming: the Customs and Excise officers\u2019 observation of their various and highly expensive international air flights, for which there was no plausible explanation or documentation suggesting any legitimate business; the officers\u2019 observation of their movements and meetings in London and of the two strange return trips to and from Copenhagen; their various handling of what was to become Terrasson\u2019s suitcase used for the switch; their lies on arrest and in interview. All that activity pointed only to their involvement in the high value and high risk activity of drug smuggling, not some black market dealing in gems under Brazilian law. Whatever Steiner\u2019s possible role as an informer, the Atlans\u2019 guilty participation in cocaine smuggling is clear. ...\u201d", "applicant": "Armand Atlan", "offset": 1612, "idx_mapping": [1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1612, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 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Wolfgang Ohneberg was born in 1950 and lives in Hard. Wolfgang Ohneberg worked for the Bregenz Tax Authority (Finanzamt) as a civil servant. He was the head of a tax assessment division (Leiter der Veranlagungsabteilung). As the Austrian Tax Authorities were to be reformed, Wolfgang Ohneberg was removed from his post as head of the tax assessment division by a decision of the Bregenz Tax Authority of 29 March 2005. On 28 April 2005 the Tax Authority appointed Wolfgang Ohneberg to the post of specialist (Fachexperte im Fachbereich), a post that had a lower grade.
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"entity_id": "001-113142_a8_e13", "entity_mention_id": "001-113142_a8_em49", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 5086}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5190, "entity_id": "001-113142_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-113142_a8_em50", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Appeals Commission", "start_offset": 5172}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5275, "entity_id": "001-113142_a8_e13", "entity_mention_id": "001-113142_a8_em51", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 5255}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5343, "entity_id": "001-113142_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-113142_a8_em52", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "11 July 2007", "start_offset": 5331}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5549, "entity_id": "001-113142_a8_e37", "entity_mention_id": "001-113142_a8_em53", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "21 August 2007", "start_offset": 5535}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Wolfgang Ohneberg", "meta": {"applicant": "Wolfgang Ohneberg", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2012}, "doc_id": "001-113142", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 10781/08) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Wolfgang Ohneberg (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 19 February 2008.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr W.L. Weh, a lawyer practising in Bregenz. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Tichy, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged a violation of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention because neither the Appeals Commission nor the Constitutional Court had held an oral hearing.\n\nOn 23 September 2009 the application was communicated to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1950 and lives in Hard.\n\nThe applicant worked for the Bregenz Tax Authority (Finanzamt) as a civil servant. He was the head of a tax assessment division (Leiter der Veranlagungsabteilung).\n\nAs the Austrian Tax Authorities were to be reformed, the applicant was removed from his post as head of the tax assessment division by a decision of the Bregenz Tax Authority of 29 March 2005. On 28 April 2005 the Tax Authority appointed the applicant to the post of specialist (Fachexperte im Fachbereich), a post that had a lower grade. Upon the applicant\u2019s appeal the Appeals Commission at the Federal Chancellery (Berufungskommission beim Bundeskanzleramt - \u201cthe Appeals Commission\u201d) set aside those two decisions on 28 July 2005.\n\nBy letter dated 24 November 2005 the Tax Authority sent the applicant the job profiles for both the post of head of division and the post of specialist.\n\nThe job profile for his former post as head of the tax assessment division stated that the applicant was responsible for, among other tasks, organising, coordinating and supervising the procedural requirements within the tax-assessment division, and dealing with case files in special circumstances. The applicant was also the supervisor of forty-three other civil servants and employees.\n\nThe job profile for the new post of specialist stated that, among other tasks, the applicant would assist the leading specialist (Fachvorstand), especially in the areas of coordination, quality check and supervisory measures. He would further participate in several working groups and deal autonomously and on his own initiative with legal remedies. He was not entitled to directly assign that task to someone else. He would also have to take decisions on questions of procedural and material law, give advice in difficult cases in his area of expertise (Fachgebiet), and represent the authority before the Independent Finance Panel (Unabh\u00e4ngiger Finanzsenat). The job profile did not state that any employees or civil servants were to be under his direct supervision.\n\nOn 27 April 2006 the Bregenz Tax Authority issued a decision by which the applicant was transferred to the post of specialist without any team-leading responsibilities. The applicant\u2019s new post was graded lower than his former post in the internal categorisation of public-service positions. However, with regard to a three-year moratorium provided by the law in the context of transfers involving downgrading due to re-organisation, the applicant would only be subject to a salary reduction after three years.\n\nThe applicant appealed against the decision to the Appeals Commission on 18 May 2006. He argued, inter alia, that his actual work had not changed sufficiently to justify the lower grade. Consequently the legal requirements for justifying a transfer to another post with a reduction in salary had not been met. The applicant requested the Appeals Commission to hold an oral hearing.\n\nOn 21 July 2006, and without holding an oral hearing, the Appeals Commission dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal. It held that the applicant\u2019s job profile had changed to a sufficient extent to qualify as a transfer to another post. Furthermore, the transfer had been strictly necessary in the interests of the service, specifically, the implementation of the overall reform of the Tax Authorities.\n\nThe applicant complained to the Constitutional Court, arguing, inter alia, that the transfer had been arbitrary and violated his civil rights, as his salary had decreased in the new position. He also complained that the Appeals Commission had failed to hold an oral hearing and requested the Constitutional Court to do so.\n\nThe Appeals Commission replied on 30 October 2006 and stated, referring to the Constitutional Court\u2019s case-law, that the rights and obligations arising from employment in public service did not amount to civil rights and obligations within the meaning of Article 6 of the Convention.\n\nIn his reply of 19 June 2007 the applicant argued that Article 6 of the Convention was applicable to his case and that the Constitutional Court was obliged to compensate the lack of an oral hearing before the Appeals Commission by holding one in the course of the complaint proceedings.\n\nThe Constitutional Court, without holding a hearing, dismissed the complaint on 11 July 2007, finding that none of the legal provisions on which the contested decision had been based was in violation of the Austrian Constitution. 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The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties and which may be deduced from the documents, may be summarised as follows. Vincent Kellys accepted that the summaries below are an accurate reflection of the written statements made by the official personnel involved, without making any admission as to the credibility, consistency and veracity of these statements. A. Background to the operation at Loughgall
Following a briefing that there was likely to be a terrorist attack on Loughgall station of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (the RUC) in County Armagh on 8 May 1987, twenty four soldiers and three RUC officers arrived at the station in the early hours of that day. Under the command of Soldier A, the soldiers positioned themselves in six locations surrounding the RUC station.
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"correct", "end_offset": 21836, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e175", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em312", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Hughes", "start_offset": 21830}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 21897, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e176", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em313", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "100,000 pounds sterling (GBP)", "start_offset": 21868}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 21925, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e31", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em314", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Antony Hughes", "start_offset": 21912}, {"confidential_status": "POLITICS", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 21970, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e100", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em315", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "IRA", "start_offset": 21967}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 22073, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e170", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em316", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Kevin Antony McKearney", "start_offset": 22051}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 22201, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e177", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em317", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "October 1993", "start_offset": 22189}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 22484, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e178", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em318", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 January 1994", "start_offset": 22469}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 22583, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e179", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em319", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3 March 1994", "start_offset": 22571}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 22608, "entity_id": "001-59453_a8_e163", "entity_mention_id": "001-59453_a8_em320", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ministry of Defence", "start_offset": 22589}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Vincent Kelly", "meta": {"applicant": "Vincent Kelly", "articles": [91, 34, 50, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2001}, "doc_id": "001-59453", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 30054/96) against the United Kingdom lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by Irish nationals, Vincent Kelly, Kevin McKearney, Amelia Arthurs, Letitia Donnelly, Mary Kelly, Annie Gormley, Patrick O\u2019Callaghan, Carmel Lynagh and Brigid Hughes (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 5 October 1995.\n\nThe applicants, who had been granted legal aid, were represented by Mr P. Mageean and Mr D. Korff, lawyers practising in Belfast and London, respectively. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr C. Whomersley of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London.\n\nThe applicants, next-of-kin of nine men killed during a security force operation at Loughgall on 8 May 1987 \u2013 Patrick Kelly, Patrick McKearney, Declan Arthurs, Seamus Donnelly, Eugene Kelly, Michael Gormley, Gerard O\u2019Callaghan, James Lynagh and Antony Hughes \u2013 alleged that their relatives had been kill unjustifiably, without any attempt being made to bring them before a court, that this disclosed discrimination and that there was no effective remedy available to them in respect of their complaints. They invoked Articles 2, 6, 14 and 13 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nHaving consulted the parties, the President of the Chamber decided that in the interests of the proper administration of justice, the proceedings in the present case should be conducted simultaneously with those in the cases of Jordan v. the United Kingdom (no. 24746/94), McKerr v. the United Kingdom (no. 28883/95) and Shanaghan v. the United Kingdom (no. 37715/97).\n\nThird-party comments were received from the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission on 23 March 2000, which had been given leave by the President to intervene in the written procedure (Article 36 \u00a7 2 of the Convention and Rule 61 \u00a7 3).\n\nA hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building on 4 April 2000. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr C. Whomersley, Agent, Mr R. Weatherup, QC, Mr P. Sales, Mr J. Eadie, Mr N. Lavender, Counsel, Mr O. Paulin, Ms S. Mcclelland, Ms K. Pearson, Mr D. Mcilroy, Ms S. Broderick, Ms L. Mcalpine, Ms J. Donnelly, Mr T. Taylor, Advisers; (b) for the applicants Mr D. Korff, Ms F. Doherty, Counsel, Mr P. Mageean, Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mr Weatherup and Mr Korff.\n\nBy a decision of 4 April 2000, the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe facts of the case, as submitted by the parties and which may be deduced from the documents, may be summarised as follows. The applicants accepted that the summaries below are an accurate reflection of the written statements made by the official personnel involved, without making any admission as to the credibility, consistency and veracity of these statements.\n\nA. Background to the operation at Loughgall\n\nFollowing a briefing that there was likely to be a terrorist attack on Loughgall station of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (the RUC) in County Armagh on 8 May 1987, twenty four soldiers and three RUC officers arrived at the station in the early hours of that day. Under the command of Soldier A, the soldiers positioned themselves in six locations surrounding the RUC station. Soldiers A, B, C, D, E and F were dressed in plain clothes and remained inside the RUC station (Position 1). All the other soldiers wore military uniform. Soldiers G, H, I and J were positioned in a wooded area to the south of the Loughgall Road, near the junction with a road which is the first on the right from the police station going towards Armagh (Position 2). Soldiers K, L, M and N were positioned in a wooded area to the south of the Loughgall road, generally opposite No. 202 Loughgall Road (Position 3). Soldiers O, P, Q and R were instructed to position themselves in a wooded area to the south of the Loughgall Road, near what is known as Ballygasey Cottage (Position 4). Soldiers S, T and U were positioned in a wooded area to the rear of St Luke\u2019s Church, on the south side of the Loughgall Road and to the east of the RUC station (Position 5). Soldiers V, W and X occupied a position in a wooded area to the north of the Loughgall Road, about 300 to 400 yards to the rear of the RUC station (Position 6).\n\nThree members of the RUC, Constables A, B and C, were positioned inside the RUC station. The RUC station, which operated on a part-time basis only, was opened as normal at 9 a.m. on 8 May 1987. Police Constable A was in charge of the station, with B and C assisting him in the running of the station. The station was closed at 11 a.m., re-opened at 5 p.m. and closed again at 7 p.m.\n\nAt about 2.30 p.m. two hooded men hijacked a blue Toyota Hiace van from a Mr Corr, who was carrying out some work at the Snooker Club, Mountjoy Road, Dungannon, Co Tyrone. He was warned not to report the incident to the police for four hours. When the men left, Mr Corr phoned his employer, the van\u2019s owner, and told him about the incident. The owner, Mr McGrath, waited four hours and reported the incident to Coalisland RUC at approximately 6.50 p.m.\n\nAt about 6 p.m., three armed men who said they were from the IRA entered the house of the Mackle family in Aghinlig Upper, Dungannon. The men said they wanted to borrow the digger and one of the sons was brought outside to fill it with diesel. At about 6.30 p.m., a vehicle pulled up outside and a fourth man arrived. It appears that a bomb containing 300 to 400 pounds of explosives was prepared in the yard of the house and placed in the bucket of the digger. At about 6.50 p.m. the digger was driven out of the yard and the other vehicle left shortly afterwards. At about 7.10 p.m. the remaining two gunmen left the house. Attempts by the family to phone the police failed as their phone and that of their neighbour were out of order. However, two of the sons eventually alerted a police patrol.\n\nB. The incident at Loughgall\n\nThe soldiers reported a number of sightings of the blue Hiace van passing in front of the RUC station in both directions. Reports that the van had been hijacked, and that a digger was acting suspiciously in the area, were also received. Given this information and the knowledge that diggers had been used in previous terrorist attacks, the soldiers were on full alert when, between 7.15 and 7.30 p.m., the blue van came from the Loughgall direction and parked outside the station on the far side of the road facing Armagh.\n\nA man, dressed in blue overalls and wearing a balaclava, emerged from the rear of the van and began to walk into the roadway. He raised his rifle and began to shoot at the RUC station. Soldiers A to E, who had positioned themselves at windows on the first floor of the station began to return fire without warning. Soldier F had set up the radio equipment in the rear ground floor room, and he remained there during the shooting. The driver then got out of the van and began to fire at the station. At least four more men emerged from the rear of the van and commenced firing at the station. Following continuous fire from the direction of the RUC station and from other soldiers, some of the IRA men began to take cover behind the van and others went to get into the back of the van. Soldiers A to E fired into the side of the van. Soldier B received a facial injury from flying glass after a window by which he was standing was broken by gunfire.\n\nDuring this time, one of the IRA men drove the digger through the front gate of the station and Soldier B, having spotted this, fired a short burst at the driver. The digger stopped and shortly afterwards there was an explosion which caused masonry and dust to fly everywhere. Soldiers A to F and Constable A were unhurt by the blast, which damaged a large part of the station. Constable C was later treated for a fractured skull, damage to his left sinus, broken facial bone, a broken finger, a broken toe and bruising. Constable B also received some injuries. Constables B and C were led outside by Constable A and Soldier C, who administered first aid to them. Soldier F also left the station by the rear and did not take any part in the shooting.\n\nSoldiers A, B, D and E moved towards the front of the RUC station and continued to fire at the men near the van, firing through the sides of the van when the men took cover inside, until there was no further movement from the gunmen. In his statement to the police, Soldier B stated that he approached the van to clear it of further danger to his life and those of his colleagues. As he looked into the back of the van, he saw two men and a number of weapons. One of the men made a sudden movement and Soldier B fired one round into him as it was his belief that it was the man\u2019s intention to get one of the weapons. Soldier V stated that he approached the van with Soldier B, carrying out a visual check of the bodies. As he moved alongside the van, there was a movement in the area of a body that caught his eye. He took this as an immediate threat and fired one burst into the body.\n\nSoldiers positioned in other areas also fired at the various gunmen once they had begun to shoot at the RUC station. Some of the soldiers stated that they came under fire. Shortly after the bomb exploded, Soldiers K and R observed what they thought was a gunman lying in the grass behind the police station. He failed to stand up when challenged to do so, and both soldiers fired several rounds at what turned out to be a large lump of wood. Moving down along the back of the houses towards the police station, Soldier K saw a man whom he apprehended, tied his hands and feet and handed him over to the RUC who arrested him. This man was a Mr Tennyson who was not involved in the attack. He happened on the shooting, and had left his car to seek cover when he was detained.\n\nSoldier V fired at a man in a blue boiler suit crossing the road in a crouched manner. The man fell. He saw another man behind a wall and shouted to him to stand up. The man moved away quickly, then turned fully towards Soldier V who saw something in his hand which he regarded as an immediate threat and fired two bursts from his rifle until the man fell. Soldier S passing the body saw no weapon near it.\n\nWhen the blue van and the digger arrived at the RUC station, there had been a white Citroen car right behind them. After shooting started but before the bomb went off, this car began to reverse towards the soldiers in position 5. Soldiers S, T and U opened automatic fire on the car and when they stopped firing the vehicle was about 20 metres away. The front seat passenger got out of the car despite a warning from Soldier U not to move. He was wearing blue coveralls. Almost immediately, he was hit by gunfire from Soldier U and he fell to the ground. Later realising that he was still alive, Soldiers S and U moved him onto the pavement and put two field dressings on his wounds. The driver of the car was dead at the wheel of the car.\n\nSoldier W approaching the police station noticed ten feet away in the driveway a person lying on his back still moving. He saw that the man\u2019s right hand was clenched and that something metallic was protruding. Believing the man to be a threat to himself and Soldier V, he fired two shots at him. Soldier X checking the body found that the man was holding a cigarette lighter.\n\nOther vehicles near the scene of the attack included a red Sierra 15 metres from position 6, occupied by a woman and her daughter, a blue Escort about 70 metres from the scene which was empty and a white Sierra, with three female occupants. These cars, or their occupants, were directed to positions of safety by soldiers as soon as the opportunity arose.\n\nWhen the shooting ceased the soldiers and members of the RUC were airlifted back to their barracks.\n\nC. Police investigation of the incident\n\nFrom 7.35 p.m., officers from the RUC Criminal Investigation Department, the Scenes of Crime Department and the Northern Ireland Forensic Laboratory began arriving to survey the crime scene and identify items of forensic interest. Photographs were taken of the scene and of the bodies. The scene can be described as follows:\n\nThere were two significantly bullet damaged vehicles, a blue Toyota Hiace van (with approximately 125 bullet holes in the bodywork) and a white Citroen car (with approximately 34 bullet holes in the front, rear and side of the car). In the vicinity of the junction of Clovenden Road/Ballygasey Road there were bullet damaged Vauxhall Cavalier and Ford estate cars.\n\nThe bodies were wearing blue boiler suits except where specified otherwise. The first body (Patrick Kelly) was found lying at the front of the van with a radio lying on the ground beside the body and a rifle lying on the body. There was debris on the rifle suggesting that this person was lying on the ground before the explosion. The pathologist noted that his right upper canine tooth had recently been torn out. The second body (Michael Gormley) was lying on the pavement at the north side of the van near the open side door with a rifle nearby. The body was lying on top of the right leg of body 3, strongly suggesting that body 3 was lying on the ground before body 2 fell. The third body (Seamus Donnelly) was lying on the pavement towards the north side of the Toyota van. There was ammunition and a cigarette lighter near the body. The pathologist observed at least twenty separate missile wounds (i.e. bullet and fragment) and found that discharge abrasion on an entry wound on the front of the neck indicated that when the gun was discharged the muzzle was within several feet of the body, probably while it was lying on the ground. The fourth body (Patrick McKearney) was lying face down along the outside panel inside the rear of the van with the head towards the rear door. There was ammunition in the pocket of the boiler suit (he was also wearing a flak jacket) and in the jeans pocket. The post mortem examination revealed at least a dozen wounds to the torso and head. The fifth body (James Lynagh) was lying diagonally across the interior of the van with the feet towards the rear door. There was ammunition in the pocket of the boiler suit and in the anorak and jeans pockets. Material on the body suggested that it was on the floor before the explosion occurred. He had received multiple bullet and fragment injuries. There were four loaded rifles and one shotgun found in the van. Three of the stocks were folded. The sixth body (Eugene Kelly), which had massive head damage and multiple injuries elsewhere, was seated in the driver seat of the van. There was a revolver lying between the driver\u2019s seat and his door. The seventh body (Declan Arthurs) was lying in a lane-way opposite the premises of the Loughgall Football Club. This body was not wearing a boiler suit and there was a cigarette lighter close to the right hand. The eighth body (Gerald O\u2019Callaghan) was lying on its right side on the pavement at the Loughgall side of the lane-way. Twelve wounds were noted by the pathologist. The ninth body (Antony Hughes) was seated with the seat belt on in the driver\u2019s seat of the white Citroen car. The body was not wearing a boiler suit. The post mortem examination showed twenty-nine wounds (bullet and shrapnel).\n\nAt 10.35 p.m. on 8 May 1987, the police took possession of the firearms used by Soldiers A to X which were delivered the following day to the Northern Ireland Forensic Science Laboratory for examination.\n\nOn the morning of 9 May 1987, a scene of crimes officer and forensic experts from the Northern Ireland Forensic Science Laboratory conducted an examination of the scene and took possession of a large number of exhibits. The cars were removed for expert examination.\n\nSpent cartridge cases were recovered from all over the crime scene which stretched from the junction of Cloveneden Road/Ballygasey Road to the Church/Church Hall in the vicinity of the start of Main Street, Loughgall. In total, 678 spent cartridge cases were recovered, 78 of which were from IRA weapons.\n\nOn 9 and 10 May 1987, two forensic doctors carried out post mortem examinations of the bodies.\n\nBetween 9 and 12 May 1987, police officers conducted lengthy interviews with soldiers A to X, each of whom made a written statement. On 16 March 1988, soldier L was asked by the police to clarify his statement.\n\nOn 21 July 1988, the RUC forwarded a report to the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland (the DPP) on the outcome of their RUC investigation. On 22 September 1988, he concluded that the evidence did not warrant the prosecution of any person involved in the shootings. The Government stated that this decision was notified to the next-of-kin of the deceased. The applicants stated that only the family of Antony Hughes was informed.\n\nD. The inquests\n\nOn 9 May 1990, the statements taken during the RUC investigation were forwarded to the Coroner.\n\nOn 6 September 1990, the Coroner held a preliminary meeting attended by the lawyers representing the relatives of the deceased. At their request, he adjourned the inquest which he had intended to hold on 24 September 1990, pending the determination of the Devine case, before the Court of Appeal (and subsequently the House of Lords), which concerned the powers of Coroners and the procedure at inquests. Judgments were given by the Court of Appeal on 6 December 1990 and by the House of Lords on 6 February 1992, pursuant to which it was established that rule 17 of the Coroners\u2019 Rules did not prevent coroners admitting written statements in evidence.\n\nThe inquests were further adjourned pending the outcome of proceedings relating to the inquests into the deaths of Gervaise McKerr, Eugene Toman and Sean Burns (see application no. 28883/95 brought by Jonathan McKerr). These proceedings involved decisions by the High Court on 2 June 1992 and 21 December 1992 and by the Court of Appeal on 28 May 1993, by which it was held that relatives\u2019 counsel was entitled to see a document used by a witness to refresh his memory. There were further proceedings before the High Court on 20 April 1994, when the writs of subpoena, by which the Coroner had attempted to obtain, inter alia, copies of the Stalker and Sampson Reports, were set aside. The McKerr, Toman and Burns inquests terminated on 8 September 1994.\n\nAn inquest into the deaths of the men in the present case was opened on 30 May 1995 in public before a Coroner and a jury of 10 members. It lasted four days. The RUC and Ministry of Defence were represented. On the first day of the inquest, counsel representing the families of six out of the nine deceased (Patrick Kelly, Declan Arthurs, Eugene Kelly, Michael Gormley, Seamus Donnell and Gerard O\u2019Callaghan) sought for the statements of prospective witnesses to be made available to them at the commencement of the proceedings together with the maps and photographs. The Coroner made available the maps and photographs but did not permit counsel (other than those instructed on the Coroner\u2019s behalf) to see witness statements until the witness was giving evidence.\n\nOn the same day of the inquest, counsel for the six families asked for the proceedings to be adjourned to allow them to seek judicial review of the decision to refuse access to the witness statements. This adjournment was refused and, following the rejection of a second application, counsel was instructed by the six families to withdraw from the hearing to seek a remedy by way of judicial review. This step was taken on 31 May 1995 following consultation with the families and because it was felt \u201cutterly impossible for the applicants\u2019 interests to be fairly or adequately represented given the rulings of the Coroner\u201d.\n\nThe hearing of the inquest proceeded without representation for any of the nine families. The Coroner heard 45 witnesses, including the brother of Antony Hughes who had been shot and injured, civilian and police eye-witnesses, including Constables A and B and the police officers involved in the investigation. None of the soldiers appeared but their statements were lodged. It was concluded on 2 June 1995 that all nine men had died from serious and multiple gun shot wounds.\n\nThe family of Declan Arthurs sought judicial review of the Coroner\u2019s decisions not to allow the legal representatives to see witness statements before they gave evidence, not to allow additional time to their advisers to consider expert and controversial evidence, and the refusal of the application for an adjournment. Leave was granted on 1 June 1995. In his judgment of 24 May 1996, Mr Justice McCollum in the High Court refused to quash the Coroner\u2019s decisions or the jury verdict. In doing so, the judge placed considerable emphasis on the character of an inquest as a fact finding exercise and not a method of apportioning guilt.\n\nE. Civil proceedings\n\nSeven of the families (the relatives of Antony Hughes, Kevin Antony McKearney, Michael Gormley, Seamus Donnelly, Declan Arthurs, Gerard O\u2019Callaghan and Eugene Kelly) issued civil proceedings against the Ministry of Defence on 2 December 1988, 20 March 1990 and 4 May 1990 respectively.\n\nOn 25 April 1991, the Hughes family settled proceedings for 100,000 pounds sterling (GBP) in respect of Antony Hughes, who was a civilian unconnected with the IRA gunmen.\n\nNo further steps were taken to pursue the proceedings by the family of Kevin Antony McKearney. Regarding the remaining five families, who are represented by the same lawyer, statements of claim were issued in October 1993, alleging that the shooting of the deceased represented excessive force and was unnecessary and unlawful or, alternatively, that there was negligence, inter alia, in failing to give warnings or an opportunity to submit to lawful arrest and using excessive force.\n\nOn 13 January 1994, the five families issued notice of their intention to proceed with their claims.\n\nOn 3 March 1994, the Ministry of Defence served their defence, stating inter alia that the force used was necessary to prevent the deceased committing unlawful acts and to protect lives and personal safety. 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| 1
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Johann Achleitners were born in 1932 and 1934, respectively, and live in Schalchen, Austria. Johann Achleitners run a fishing farm in Schalchen since 1976. Before that date the parents of the first applicant had run the fishing farm. Between 1956 and 1969 the Braunau River Engineering Directorate (Flussbauleitung) carried out regulation works on a small river in the vicinity of Johann Achleitners' estate without permission under the Water Act (Wasserrechtsgesetz 1959). In October 1969 the former owners of the estate requested the Braunau District Authority (Bezirkshauptmannschaft) to order the Municipalities of Mattighofen and Schalchen (“the Municipalities”) to re-establish the former state of the river bed maintaining that the regulation works had damaged the well which supplied their fishing farm with water.
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"QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "16 July 1999", "start_offset": 7434}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7533, "entity_id": "001-61383_a8_e69", "entity_mention_id": "001-61383_a8_em92", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "27 October 1999", "start_offset": 7518}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7698, "entity_id": "001-61383_a8_e70", "entity_mention_id": "001-61383_a8_em93", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "27 April 2000", "start_offset": 7685}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Johann Achleitner", "meta": {"applicant": "Johann Achleitner", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 57, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-61383", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 53911/00) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two Austrian nationals, Mr Johann Achleitner and Mrs Christiana Achleitner (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 27 September 1999.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr W. Hasibeder, a lawyer practising in Ried (Austria).\n\nThe Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 20 June 2002 the First Section declared the application partly inadmissible and decided to communicate the complaint concerning the length of the proceedings to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nThe applicants were born in 1932 and 1934, respectively, and live in Schalchen, Austria.\n\nThe applicants run a fishing farm in Schalchen since 1976. Before that date the parents of the first applicant had run the fishing farm.\n\nBetween 1956 and 1969 the Braunau River Engineering Directorate (Flussbauleitung) carried out regulation works on a small river in the vicinity of the applicants' estate without permission under the Water Act (Wasserrechtsgesetz 1959).\n\nIn October 1969 the former owners of the estate requested the Braunau District Authority (Bezirkshauptmannschaft) to order the Municipalities of Mattighofen and Schalchen (\u201cthe Municipalities\u201d) to re-establish the former state of the river bed maintaining that the regulation works had damaged the well which supplied their fishing farm with water. They submitted that the original capacity of the well had been 800 litres of water per second. After the regulation of the river the capacity of the well had been reduced to 100 litres of water per second. This constituted an interference with their water-rights. In case that the regulation could not be reversed they requested that the Municipalities be ordered to take other steps to ensure the water supply of the fishing farm.\n\nOn 14 January 1970 the District Authority dismissed this request.\n\nOn 20 May 1970 the Upper Austria Regional Governor allowed the appeal and remitted the case to the District Authority to decide on the request.\n\nOn 13 January 1971 the applicants' predecessors filed a request for transfer of jurisdiction (Devolutionsantrag) as the District Authority failed to decide within the statutory six months time-limit. On 11 February 1971 the Regional Governor dismissed this request.\n\nOn 3 September 1971 they filed again a request for transfer of jurisdiction and the Regional Governor again dismissed this request. The applicants' predecessors filed an appeal against this decision.\n\nOn 10 February 1972 the Federal Minister for Agriculture and Forestry (Bundesminister f\u00fcr Land- und Forstwirtschaft) allowed the appeal as a consequence of which the Regional Governor had to take a decision on the merits.\n\nOn 8 August 1972 the Regional Governor ordered the Municipalities to ask for an ex post permission of the regulation works which had already been carried out or to re-establish the former state of the river.\n\nOn 23 August 1973 the Federal Minister dismissed the Municipalities' appeal.\n\nSubsequently, on 28 November 1973 the Municipalities applied for an ex post permission. On 3 June 1975 the District Authority held a hearing. At this hearing the applicants' predecessors requested that the Municipalities be ordered to pay compensation as they had suffered prejudice caused by the regulation works.\n\nOn 3 September 1975 the District Authority granted the ex post permission and ordered the Municipalities to take specific steps to ensure the water supply of the fishing farm before 31 December 1976. The District Authority dismissed the request for compensation.\n\nOn 2 December 1975 Regional Governor dismissed the applicants' predecessors' appeal and found that their water rights were not violated by the granted permission.\n\nOn 27 January 1976 the Federal Minister rejected the applicants' predecessors' appeal as belated. Subsequently, they lodged a request for leave to appeal out of time (Wiedereinsetzung in den vorigen Stand).\n\nOn 2 April 1976 the Federal Minister granted this request and, consequently, had to take a decision on the merits on the appeal against the Regional Governor's decision of 2 December 1975.\n\nOn 25 November 1976 the ownership on the fishing farm was transferred to the applicants and thereby, they became parties to the proceedings at issue.\n\nOn 5 July 1977 the Federal Minister dismissed the appeal and confirmed the Regional Governor's decision of 2 December 1975.\n\nOn 30 November 1979 the Administrative Court, upon a complaint lodged by the applicants, quashed this decision and found that the administrative authorities had not properly decided whether the applicants' water rights had been prejudiced by the regulation works.\n\nSubsequently, on 19 November 1980, the Federal Minister remitted the case to the Regional Governor and on 15 December 1980 the Regional Governor remitted the case to the District Authority.\n\nOn 28 May 1982 the District Authority granted once more the ex post permission for the regulation works and dismissed the applicants' request for compensation.\n\nOn 28 June 1982 the applicants filed an appeal against this decision. In the years to follow several technical experts were appointed in order to establish whether the regulation works had damaged the well.\n\nOn 11 November 1984, as the District Authority had not taken a decision, the Municipalities filed an application for transfer of jurisdiction (Devolutionsantrag) with the Regional Governor. On 21 January 1985, as also the Regional Governor had not taken a decision, the applicants filed an application for a transfer of jurisdiction with the Federal Minister.\n\nOn 5 December 1987, as the Federal Minister had not taken a decision, the applicants lodged an application against the administrative authorities' failure to decide (S\u00e4umnisbeschwerde) with the Administrative Court.\n\nOn 7 January 1988 the Administrative Court ordered the Federal Minister to issue a decision within three months.\n\nOn 22 January 1988 the Federal Minister rejected the applicants' application for transfer of jurisdiction. The applicants lodged a complaint with the Administrative Court against this decision.\n\nOn 3 October 1991 the Administrative Court quashed this decision as a consequence of which the Federal Minister had to take a decision on the merits.\n\nOn 14 October 1996, after having held hearings on 1 and 2 July 1996, the Federal Minister dismissed the applicants appeal. The Minister found that the regulation works had not damaged the applicants' well and dismissed the request for compensation.\n\nThe applicants lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court as well as with the Administrative Court.\n\nOn 13 March 1997 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the applicants' complaint.\n\nOn 6 August 1998 the Administrative Court quashed the Federal Minister's decision of 14 October 1996 on the ground that the Federal Minister had failed to take into account the expert reports submitted by the applicants.\n\nSubsequently, the Federal Minister appointed new technical experts and on 16 July 1999 the Federal Minister served a new expert report on the applicants.\n\nOn 27 October 1999 the applicants filed their comments on the expert report and challenged the experts appointed by the Federal Minister for bias (Ablehnungsantrag).\n\nOn 27 April 2000 the applicants agreed with the Federal Minister on the further conduct of the proceedings. The Federal Minister would furnish a questionnaire to the expert in order that he supplemented his report. 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| 1
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Anton Ortner was born in 1942 and lives in Tristach. On 27 February 1968 the Agricultural Authority (Agrarbezirksbehörde) instituted land consolidation proceedings (Zusammenlegungsverfahren) involving Anton Ortner's property. Anton Ortner did not appeal. On 26 April 1974 the Agricultural Authority issued the occupation and valuation schedule (Besitzstandsausweis und Bewertungsplan). By letter of 26 May 1995 Anton Ortner requested that his property be excluded from the consolidation proceedings.
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"DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 April 2005", "start_offset": 4257}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4290, "entity_id": "001-80742_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-80742_a8_em50", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3 January 2006", "start_offset": 4276}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4494, "entity_id": "001-80742_a8_e37", "entity_mention_id": "001-80742_a8_em51", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1968", "start_offset": 4490}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4556, "entity_id": "001-80742_a8_e16", "entity_mention_id": "001-80742_a8_em52", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Agricultural Authority", "start_offset": 4534}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 4597, "entity_id": "001-80742_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-80742_a8_em53", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2003", "start_offset": 4593}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4632, "entity_id": "001-80742_a8_e25", "entity_mention_id": "001-80742_a8_em54", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Provincial Land Reform Board", "start_offset": 4604}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4649, "entity_id": "001-80742_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-80742_a8_em55", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2 March 2006", "start_offset": 4637}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Anton Ortner", "meta": {"applicant": "Anton Ortner", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-80742", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 2884/04) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Anton Ortner (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 15 January 2004.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr E. St\u00f6ger, a lawyer practising in Innsbruck. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 7 December 2005 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1942 and lives in Tristach.\n\nOn 27 February 1968 the Agricultural Authority (Agrarbezirksbeh\u00f6rde) instituted land consolidation proceedings (Zusammenlegungsverfahren) involving the applicant's property. The applicant did not appeal.\n\nOn 26 April 1974 the Agricultural Authority issued the occupation and valuation schedule (Besitzstandsausweis und Bewertungsplan).\n\nBy letter of 26 May 1995 the applicant requested that his property be excluded from the consolidation proceedings.\n\nBy decision of 13 January 1999 the Agricultural Authority notified the parties to the land consolidation proceedings that a valuation plan concerning the electric installations was held at their disposal at the office of the Tristach municipality and could be consulted during two weeks. The applicant appealed on 23 February 1999 against this notification to the Provincial Land Reform Board (Landesagrarsenat). He submitted in particular that the occupation and valuation schedule had not been duly served on him. Moreover, he noted that his request to exclude his land from the consolidation proceedings had still not been dealt with. He repeated this request and claimed, in general terms, that he did not have any interest in the land consolidation at issue.\n\nOn 1 March 1999 the Agricultural Authority dismissed the applicant's request of 26 May 1995 to exclude his property from the consolidation proceedings. It noted that an exclusion of property was not admissible, once the occupation and valuation schedule had become final. The applicant appealed against this decision, alleging that the occupation and valuation schedule had neither been served on him nor had it been duly published. Moreover, a new valuation would be required in the circumstances.\n\nOn 29 April 1999 the Provincial Land Reform Board dismissed the applicant's appeal. It found that the occupation and valuation schedule had been served in accordance with the relevant procedural rules.\n\nOn 27 May 1999 the Provincial Land Reform Board dismissed the applicant's appeal against the notification of 13 January 1999. It noted that the occupation and valuation schedule had become final. The additional valuation of electric installations had become necessary by a change in law and had been carried out correctly. Further it noted that the question whether a revision of the original occupation and valuation scheme was required was not the subject of the present appeal proceedings.\n\nThe applicant filed complaints with the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) against both decisions of the Provincial Land Reform Board. He repeated in essence the arguments he had raised before that Board. The Administrative Court received his complaints on 4 June and 21 July 1999, respectively. Upon the Administrative Court's request the applicant amended his complaint against the Provincial Land Reform Board's decision concerning the electric installations.\n\nThe Provincial Land Reform Board filed observations with the Administrative Court on 18 August and 28 October 1999, respectively.\n\nOn 3 July 2003 the Administrative Court, having joined the applicant's complaints, dismissed them. It confirmed the Provincial Land Reform Board's legal assessment.\n\nOn 13 April 2005 the Agricultural Authority held a hearing concerning the additional valuation of electric installations. It issued a decision on this subject on 19 April 2005.\n\nOn 3 January 2006 the applicant filed an application under Section 73 of the General Administrative Proceedings Act (Allgemeines Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz) complaining that the proceedings, which were pending since 1968 were still not terminated and that the Agricultural Authority had only held one hearing since mid 2003.\n\nThe Provincial Land Reform Board, on 2 March 2006, dismissed the application under Section 73 of the GAPA as being inadmissible. It noted that such an application was only available where the authority had failed to decide on a specific application or on an appeal of a party. The applicant had not filed any specific application.\n\nNo consolidation scheme has been issued to date. Therefore, the proceedings are still pending.", "applicant": "Anton Ortner", "offset": 853, "idx_mapping": [853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 853, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351], "duplicates": 1}
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Torsten Leander, Mr. Torsten Leander, is a Swedish citizen born in 1951 and a carpenter by profession. On 20 August 1979, he started to work as a temporary replacement in a post of museum technician (vikarierande museitekniker) at the Naval Museum at Karlskrona in the south of Sweden. The museum is adjacent to the Karlskrona Naval Base which is a restricted military security zone. Torsten Leander maintained before the Court that the intention was that he should work for ten months in this post, while its ordinary holder was on leave. He alleged that on 3 September he was told to leave his work pending the outcome of a personnel control which had to be carried out on him in accordance with the Personnel Control Ordinance 1969 (personal-kontrollkungörelsen 1969:446 - see paragraphs 18-34 below).
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14422}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14577, "entity_id": "001-57519_a8_e72", "entity_mention_id": "001-57519_a8_em140", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1971-72", "start_offset": 14570}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14683, "entity_id": "001-57519_a8_e73", "entity_mention_id": "001-57519_a8_em141", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1972", "start_offset": 14679}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14860, "entity_id": "001-57519_a8_e6", "entity_mention_id": "001-57519_a8_em142", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Swedish", "start_offset": 14853}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14980, "entity_id": "001-57519_a8_e74", "entity_mention_id": "001-57519_a8_em143", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Swedish Building Workers\u2019 Association", "start_offset": 14943}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 15037, "entity_id": "001-57519_a8_e75", "entity_mention_id": "001-57519_a8_em144", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Eastern Europe", "start_offset": 15023}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Torsten Leander", "meta": {"applicant": "Torsten Leander", "articles": [91, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 48, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1987}, "doc_id": "001-57519", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe present case was referred to the Court by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c) on 11 July 1985, within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 \u00a7 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention. The case originated in an application (no. 9248/81) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Commission on 2 November 1980 under Article 25 (art. 25) by a Swedish citizen, Mr. Torsten Leander.\n\nThe Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby Sweden recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The purpose of the request was to obtain a decision from the Court as to whether the facts of the case disclosed violations by the respondent State of its obligations under Articles 8, 10 and 13 (art. 8, art. 10, art. 13) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the inquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 \u00a7 3 (d) of the Rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings pending before the Court and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber of seven judges to be constituted included, as ex officio members, Mr. G. Lagergren, the elected judge of Swedish nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr. R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 \u00a7 3 (b)). On 2 October 1985, the President drew by lot, in the presence of the Registrar, the names of the five other members, namely Mr. J. Cremona, Mr. G. Wiarda, Mr. L.-E. Pettiti, Sir Vincent Evans and Mr. R. Bernhardt (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 \u00a7 4) (art. 43). Mr. J. Gersing, substitute judge, subsequently replaced Mr. Wiarda, whose term of office as judge had expired before the hearing, and at a later stage Mr. F. G\u00f6lc\u00fckl\u00fc and Mr. C. Russo, substitute judges, replaced Mr. Gersing and Mr. Cremona, who were prevented from taking part in the consideration of the case (Rules 2 \u00a7 3, 22 \u00a7 1 and 24 \u00a7 1).\n\nMr. Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 \u00a7 5). He ascertained, through the Registrar, the views of the Agent of the Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201c), the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyer for the applicant regarding the need for a written procedure (Rule 37 \u00a7 1). On 12 December 1985, he directed that the lawyer and, should he so decide, the Agent should each have until 4 February 1986 to file a memorial and that the Delegate should be entitled to reply in writing within two months from the date of the transmission to him by the Registrar of whichever of the aforesaid documents should last be filed. The applicant\u2019s memorial was received at the registry on 3 February. By letter the same day, the Agent of the Government stated that the Government did not intend to file any memorial. On 21 March, the Secretary to the Commission informed the Registrar that the Delegate would present his observations at the hearing.\n\nOn 3 April 1986, after consulting, through the Registrar, the Agent of the Government, the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyer for the applicant, the President directed that the oral proceedings should open on 26 May 1986 (Rule 38). On 28 April, the Commission communicated to the Registrar a number of documents whose production he had requested on the instructions of the President. On 12 May, certain additional documents furnished by the applicant were received at the registry.\n\nThe hearing was held in public at the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on the appointed day. Immediately before it opened, the Court had held a preparatory meeting. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mr. H. Corell, Ambassador, Under-Secretary for Legal and Consular Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Agent, Mr. K. Bergenstrand, Assistant Under-Secretary, Ministry of Justice, Mr. S. H\u00f6glund, Head of Division, National Police Board, Advisers;\n\nfor the Commission Mr. H. Schermers, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicant Mr. D. T\u00f6llborg, Counsel, Mr. J. Laestadius, Adviser.\n\nThe Court heard addresses by Mr. Corell for the Government, by Mr. Schermers for the Commission and by Mr. T\u00f6llborg for the applicant, as well as their replies to questions put by the Court and several judges.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant, Mr. Torsten Leander, is a Swedish citizen born in 1951 and a carpenter by profession.\n\nOn 20 August 1979, he started to work as a temporary replacement in a post of museum technician (vikarierande museitekniker) at the Naval Museum at Karlskrona in the south of Sweden. The museum is adjacent to the Karlskrona Naval Base which is a restricted military security zone. The applicant maintained before the Court that the intention was that he should work for ten months in this post, while its ordinary holder was on leave. He alleged that on 3 September he was told to leave his work pending the outcome of a personnel control which had to be carried out on him in accordance with the Personnel Control Ordinance 1969 (personal-kontrollkung\u00f6relsen 1969:446 - see paragraphs 18-34 below). According to the applicant, this control had been requested on 9 August 1979. The Government submitted that the applicant was employed only from 20 August to 31 August 1979, as evidenced by a notice to this effect, issued on 27 August 1979 by the Director of the Museum. They further contended that in employing Mr. Leander the Director had committed two mistakes. Firstly, it was not in accordance with the procedure prescribed in the Ordinance and the relevant regulations issued thereunder to employ a person before a personnel control had been undertaken and, secondly, the post had not been properly declared vacant.\n\nThe necessary steps were taken on 30 August 1979. The post was opened for application until 28 September 1979. Mr. Leander did not apply.\n\nIt appears that on 25 September the Director informed him that the outcome of the personnel control had been unfavourable and that he could therefore not be employed at the Museum.\n\nFollowing the advice of the Security Chief of the Naval Base, the applicant wrote to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy (chefen f\u00f6r marinen) requesting to be informed of the reasons why he could not be employed at the Naval Museum. In his reply of 3 October 1979, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy stated, inter alia: \u201cThe Museum possesses several storage rooms and historical objects within the area for the security of which the Chief of the Naval Base (\u00f6rlogsbaschefen) is responsible. According to the information received by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the person holding the post in question must have freedom to circulate within areas subject to special restrictions regarding access. The rules on access to these areas must therefore also be applied to the personnel employed at the Museum. It is for these reasons that the Chief of the Naval Base requested a personnel control. The control carried out has provided such grounds for the Commander-in-Chief\u2019s assessment of you from a security point of view that the decision has been taken not to accept you. However, if your duties at the Naval Museum will not necessitate that you have access to the naval installations at the Naval Base, the Commander-in-Chief sees no reason to oppose your employment. The decision whether or not to employ you is taken in a procedure distinct from the present one.\u201c\n\nOn 22 October 1979, the applicant complained to the Government and requested that the assessment of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy be cancelled and that he be declared acceptable for the temporary employment at the Naval Museum, irrespective of the possibility of being reinstated in that employment. He pointed out in particular that he had left a permanent position in Dalarna, in the North of Sweden, on being told that he was accepted for employment at the Naval Museum and that a negative outcome of the personnel control could mean social misery, especially considering that he had a wife and child to support. In his original complaint, and also in a letter of 4 December 1979, Mr. Leander further requested that he be given information about the reasons for his not being accepted at the Naval Museum. The Government requested the opinion of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces (\u00f6verbef\u00e4lhavaren), who in turn consulted the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy explained in a letter of 7 November 1979 that he had received the result of the personnel control from the Supreme Commander on 17 September 1979 together with the following proposal: \u201cAccepted in accordance with the assessment of the [Commander-in-Chief of the Navy], on condition that L. does not, through access to the Museum\u2019s premises or through his work, obtain insight into secret activities.\u201c The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy added that, according to his information, the Director of the Museum required the person employed in the post in question to have free access to, and freedom to circulate in, the Naval Base and that accordingly, on 21 September 1979, he had taken the decision not to accept the applicant. In his reply to the Government, the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces stated, inter alia: \u201cHowever, the employment of Mr. Leander during this time, 15 August - 1 September 1979, did not involve any access to the Naval Base. The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy has said that he does not oppose such employment. The Director of the Naval Museum has, however, affirmed the requirement that Mr. Leander should have access to the Naval Base. In view of the above and the fact that, if Mr. Leander was given access to the Naval Base, he would have access to secret installations and information, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy decided not to accept the applicant. When dealing with the present case, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy has entirely followed existing regulations concerning the assessment of personal qualifications from a security point of view. ... Like the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces considers that Mr. Leander may properly be employed by the Naval Museum provided that the holder of the appointment does not require access to the Naval Base.\u201c The opinion of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces was accompanied by a secret annex, containing the information on Mr. Leander released by the National Police Board (rikspolisstyrelsen). This annex was never communicated to the applicant and has not been included in the material submitted to the Court.\n\nIn a letter of 5 February 1980, the applicant raised new grievances before the Government. These concerned the decision of the National Police Board not to exercise its powers under section 13 of the Personnel Control Ordinance to communicate to him the information released on him (see paragraph 31 below). The applicant requested that the Government should, before taking a decision on his request of 22 October 1979, give him the right to be apprised of and to comment upon the information thus released by the Board. On this matter, the Government sought the opinion of the Board. In its reply of 22 February 1980, the Board proposed that the applicant\u2019s complaints be dismissed. It added: \u201cThe entering of information in the register of the Board\u2019s Security Department is based mainly on a 1973 Royal Decree which is secret. Before information is entered, the question of registration is subject to assessment, at several levels, by civil servants under responsibility to verify compliance with the above-mentioned rules in relation to each item of information. In the event of doubt, the question of registration is decided upon by the Chief of the Security Department. Information from the register is handed out in accordance with section 9 of the Personnel Control Ordinance after decision by the National Police Board in plenary meeting. At least three of the six members of the Board who are appointed amongst parliamentarians should be present when decisions are taken in matters of personnel control. In the case of the applicant, all six members were present. ... Under section 13 of the Personnel Control Ordinance, the person whom the information concerns ought to be given the opportunity to submit observations on the matter if special reasons give cause for this. However, the National Police Board did not see any cause to apply this provision in the case of the applicant as no special reasons were found, and also as the registering had been effected in accordance with the secret Royal Decree and disclosure of the information would have revealed part of the contents of that Decree.\u201c Mr. Leander replied to this opinion in a letter of 11 March 1980 to the Government, in which he argued, inter alia, that the Board should have communicated to him, at least orally and subject to a duty of confidentiality, the information kept on him.\n\nBy decision of 14 May 1980, the Government rejected the whole of the applicant\u2019s complaint. In its operative parts, the decision read: \u201cThe question whether or not a person is suitable for certain employment can only be examined by the Government in the context of a complaint about the appointment to a post. Leander has lodged no appeal with the Government in respect of appointment. His request that the Government should declare him acceptable for the provisional employment concerned cannot therefore be examined. In the present case, there are no such special circumstances as are mentioned in section 13 of the Personnel Control Ordinance which would give Leander the right to be acquainted with the information about him released by the National Police Board to the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. The remainder of Leander\u2019s petition is a request to be given an extract from, or information about the contents of, a police register. The Government reject [this] request ... The Government do not examine Leander\u2019s request for a revised assessment of his person and take no measure in regard to any other part of his petition.\u201c\n\nThe applicant maintained before the Court that he still did not know the content of the secret information recorded on him. Regarding his personal background, he furnished the following details to the Commission and the Court. At the relevant time, he had not belonged to any political party since 1976. Earlier he had been a member of the Swedish Communist Party. He had also been a member of an association publishing a radical review - Fib/Kulturfront. During his military service, in 1971-72, he had been active in the soldiers\u2019 union and a representative at the soldiers\u2019 union conference in 1972 which, according to him, had been infiltrated by the security police. His only criminal conviction stems from his time in military service and consisted of a fine of 10 Swedish Crowns for having been late for a military parade. He had also been active in the Swedish Building Workers\u2019 Association and he had travelled a couple of times in Eastern Europe. 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Michael Thaler was born in 1944 and lives in Innsbruck. Michael Thaler is a medical practitioner whose contract with the Tyrol Regional Health Insurance Board (Gebietskrankenkasse) was terminated by the latter on 31 December 1996. Subsequently Michael Thaler was practising without a contract with the Health Insurance Board and is meanwhile retired. He complains about two sets of proceedings. A.
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to anonymise the following person: Michael Thaler", "meta": {"applicant": "Michael Thaler", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2005}, "doc_id": "001-68166", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 58141/00) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Michael Thaler (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 14 April 2000.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr B. Oberhofer, a lawyer practising in Innsbruck. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the Regional Appeals Commission which decided on his claims for doctor\u2019s fees lacked independence and impartiality.\n\nThe application was allocated to the First Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 15 September 2003 the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nOn 1 November 2004 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed First Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1944 and lives in Innsbruck.\n\nThe applicant is a medical practitioner whose contract with the Tyrol Regional Health Insurance Board (Gebietskrankenkasse) was terminated by the latter on 31 December 1996. Subsequently the applicant was practising without a contract with the Health Insurance Board and is meanwhile retired. He complains about two sets of proceedings.\n\nA. The first set of proceedings\n\nOn 29 October 1996 the applicant instituted proceedings against the Tyrol Regional Health Insurance Board. He claimed that the defendant had to pay an additional amount of 120 Austrian schillings (ATS) for doctor\u2019s fees.\n\nOn 2 April 1997 the Joint Arbitration Committee (Parit\u00e4tische Schiedskommission) dismissed the applicant\u2019s claim. The applicant appealed against this decision.\n\nOn 2 July 1998 the Regional Appeals Commission (Landesberufungskommission) dismissed the appeal.\n\nOn 25 September 1998 the applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court. He alleged, inter alia, that the general agreement between the Association of Social Insurance Boards (Hauptverband der Sozialversicherungstr\u00e4ger) and the Tyrol Medical Association (\u00c4rztekammer) on which his doctor\u2019s fees were based violated his constitutional right to non-discrimination (Recht auf Gleichheit).\n\nOn 15 April 1999 he amended his complaint and alleged that the Regional Appeals Commission was no independent and impartial tribunal within the meaning of Article 6 of the Convention by virtue of its composition.\n\nOn 17 December 1999 the Constitutional Court dismissed the complaint. It did not accept that the Regional Appeals Commission\u2019s decision had violated the applicant\u2019s constitutional rights. As regards the composition of the Regional Appeals Commission, the Constitutional Court noted that the applicant\u2019s complaint had been lodged out of the statutory six months time-limit. However, referring to its constant case-law, it found that the applicant\u2019s constitutional rights were not violated.\n\nB. The second set of proceedings\n\nOn 11 February 1997 the applicant instituted proceedings against the Tyrol Regional Health Insurance Board. He claimed that it had to pay some ATS 18 million (about 1,3 million euros) as the doctor\u2019s fees provided for in the general agreement between the Association of Social Insurance Boards and the Tyrol Medical Association were far too low and, therefore, his contract with the Regional Health Insurance Board was null and void.\n\nOn 11 August 1997 the applicant made a request for transfer of jurisdiction (Devolutionsantrag) as the Joint Arbitration Committee failed to decide within the statutory six months-period.\n\nOn 28 October 1997 the Regional Appeals Commission, after having held a hearing, dismissed the applicant\u2019s claim.\n\nOn 15 December 1997 the applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court. He alleged that the contract between the Association of Social Insurance Boards and the Tyrol Medical Association on which his doctor\u2019s fees were based violated his constitutional right to non-discrimination. Further, he complained that the Regional Appeals Commission was no independent and impartial tribunal within the meaning of Article 6 of the Convention by virtue of its composition and submitted that the Association of Social Insurance Boards had provided two deputy directors of the Tyrol Regional Health Insurance Board as assessors.\n\nOn 16 December 1999 the Constitutional Court dismissed the complaint. Referring to its constant case law, the Constitutional Court found that the Regional Appeals Commission in general may be considered as an independent and impartial tribunal because of the term of office of the members and because members were not bound by any instructions. Further it found that ... \u201cIt is true that the assessors of the Regional Appeals Commission are representatives of two conflicting spheres of interest. However, these members are not bound by instructions from the sending organisation ... and they are by no means spokespersons of these organisations. Their task is rather to bring their experience to bear in the proceedings. ... A violation of the required impartiality could, thus, ... be due to specific circumstances in the individual case resulting, for example from an official or organisational dependence of the appointed member of the Regional Appeals Commission. ... Such official or organisational dependence does, however, in the Constiutional Court\u2019s view, not arise from the mere fact that the parties of the general agreement provide the assessors of the Regional Appeals Commission. ... In view of the legally guaranteed freedom from instructions of the members of the Regional Appeals Commission, a constellation affecting the appearance of independence and impartiality could - also in the light of the case Hortolomei v. Austria (cited above) - only exist if the appointed assessors had been involved in the preparation of the general agreement or if there were other specific reasons raising legitimate doubts about their independence and impartiality in determining certain legal matters. ...\u201d\n\nIn conclusion, the Constitutional Court found no indication that the members of the Regional Appeals Commission lacked independence or impartiality.", "applicant": "Michael Thaler", "offset": 1257, "idx_mapping": [1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653], "duplicates": 1}
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Eliza Söderman was born in 1987 and lives in Ludvika. In September 2002, when she was 14 years old, she discovered that her stepfather had hidden a video-camera in the laundry basket in the bathroom, which was in recording mode and directed towards the spot where she had undressed before taking a shower. Immediately after the incident, the film was burned without anyone seeing it. In September 2004, two years later, Eliza Söderman’s mother reported the incident to the police. An officially appointed counsel (målsägandebiträde) was assigned to Eliza Söderman on 5 October 2004.
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"QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "12 December 2007", "start_offset": 11010}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 11063, "entity_id": "001-128043_a8_e69", "entity_mention_id": "001-128043_a8_em103", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court (H\u00f6gsta domstolen)", "start_offset": 11031}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Eliza S\u00f6derman", "meta": {"applicant": "Eliza S\u00f6derman", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "GRANDCHAMBER", "year": 2013}, "doc_id": "001-128043", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 5786/08) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Swedish national, Ms Eliza S\u00f6derman (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 21 January 2008.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr J. S\u00f6dergren, Mr K. Lewis and Mr C. Crafoord, lawyers practising in Stockholm. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agents, Mr A. R\u00f6nquist, Ms G. Isaksson and Mr O. Widgren, of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the Swedish State had failed to comply with its obligation under Article 8 of the Convention to provide her with remedies against her stepfather\u2019s violation of her personal integrity when he had attempted secretly to film her naked in their bathroom when she was 14 years old. She also relied on Article 13 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Its President acceded to the applicant\u2019s request not to have her name disclosed (Rule 47 \u00a7 3), and the case was called E.S. v. Sweden. On 1 February 2011 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1) and the application was assigned to the newly composed Fifth Section. On 21 June 2012 a Chamber composed of Dean Spielmann, President, Elisabet Fura, Karel Jungwiert, Mark Villiger, Ann Power-Forde, Ganna Yudkivska, Andr\u00e9 Potocki, judges, and Claudia Westerdiek, Section Registrar, delivered its judgment. It decided to examine the complaint under Article 8 alone and unanimously declared it admissible, holding, by four votes to three, that there had been no violation of that provision. The joint dissenting opinion of Judges Spielmann, Villiger and Power-Forde was annexed to the judgment.\n\nOn 19 September 2012 the applicant requested that the case be referred to the Grand Chamber in accordance with Article 43 of the Convention, and a panel of the Grand Chamber accepted the request on 19 November 2012.\n\nThe composition of the Grand Chamber was determined according to the provisions of Article 26 \u00a7\u00a7 4 and 5 of the Convention and Rule 24.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed further observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nIn addition, third-party comments were received from the Human Rights Centre of Ghent University, which had been granted leave by the President of the Grand Chamber to intervene in the written procedure (Article 36 \u00a7 2 of the Convention and Rule 44 \u00a7 2).\n\nOn 22 March 2013, the President of the Grand Chamber acceded to the applicant\u2019s request of 12 March 2013 to lift the anonymity granted to her.\n\nA hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 3 April 2013 (Rule 59 \u00a7 3). There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr A. R\u00f6nquist, Agent, Ambassador and Director General for Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Counsel, Ms G. Isaksson, Co-Agent, Deputy Director, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr O. Widgren, Co-Agent, Special Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr M. S\u00e4fsten, Senior Legal Adviser, Ministry of Justice, Ms V. L\u00e5ng, Deputy Director, Ministry of Justice, Mr C. Rosenm\u00fcller, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Justice, Advisers; (b) for the applicant Mr J. S\u00f6dergren, Mr K. Lewis, Mr C. Crafoord, Counsel. The applicant was also present. The Court heard addresses by Mr Crafoord, Mr Lewis, Mr S\u00f6dergren and Mr R\u00f6nquist, as well as their replies to questions put by Judges Ziemele, Sicilianos, Pinto de Albuquerque and Zupan\u010di\u010d.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1987 and lives in Ludvika.\n\nIn September 2002, when she was 14 years old, she discovered that her stepfather had hidden a video-camera in the laundry basket in the bathroom, which was in recording mode and directed towards the spot where she had undressed before taking a shower. Immediately after the incident, the film was burned without anyone seeing it.\n\nIn September 2004, two years later, the applicant\u2019s mother reported the incident to the police. An officially appointed counsel (m\u00e5ls\u00e4gandebitr\u00e4de) was assigned to the applicant on 5 October 2004.\n\nOn 21 October 2005 the public prosecutor indicted the applicant\u2019s stepfather for sexual molestation (sexuellt ofredande) under Chapter 6, Article 7 \u00a7 3, of the Penal Code. He was also charged on two counts of sexual molestation of the applicant\u2019s cousin, committed during the spring and summer of 2003 when the cousin was 16 years old, for having caressed her thigh and for having expressed his desire to have sex with her. He was charged on a fourth count of sexual molestation for having allegedly looked through the window of the applicant\u2019s room when she was undressing in the late summer of 2003.\n\nOn 20 January 2006 the applicant, represented by counsel, submitted a claim for damages of 25,000 Swedish kronor (SEK): SEK 15,000 in compensation for violation of her personal integrity and SEK 10,000 for pain and suffering, to be joined to the criminal proceedings. The applicant based her private claim on \u201cthe criminal act for which her stepfather was being prosecuted\u201d, without invoking any specific sections of the Tort Liability Act.\n\nThe applicant, her stepfather, her mother and her cousin gave evidence before the District Court of Falun (Falu Tingsr\u00e4tt). The applicant explained that on the relevant day in September 2002, as she was about to take a shower, her stepfather had been doing something in the bathroom. When she discovered the camera, it was in recording mode, making a buzzing sound and flashing. She did not touch any of the buttons. She went to her mother in tears, taking the video-camera wrapped in a towel. H stepfather took the camera from her mother. Subsequently, the applicant saw her mother and stepfather burning a film, but she was not sure whether it was a recording of her.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s mother confirmed the applicant\u2019s statement and added that she did not know whether anything had been recorded since the film had been burned without her seeing it. She had not reported the incident to the police until 2004, when she had heard that the applicant\u2019s cousin had also experienced incidents with the accused.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s stepfather explained that he had lived with her mother from 1997 until the autumn of 2003. They had separated on account of the incident in question, among other things. He had wanted to try to film with a hidden camera, but it had been an impulsive act. He was not sure whether the camera had been in recording mode or whether a film had been recorded. The applicant\u2019s mother had burned the film without any of them seeing it.\n\nBy a judgment of 14 February 2006, the District Court convicted the applicant\u2019s stepfather on all four counts of sexual molestation under Chapter 6, Article 7 \u00a7 3, of the Penal Code. As regards the first count of sexual molestation, it found it established that he had had a sexual intention in hiding the camera in the laundry basket and directing it at the part of the bathroom where it was usual to undress. It added that the buzzing sound from the camera heard by the applicant strongly suggested that the camera was switched on and was actually recording. Otherwise, there would have been no point in hiding the camera among the clothes in the laundry basket. The hole in the laundry basket indicated that the strategy was quite refined. Regardless of the fact that, afterwards, no one had verified the contents of the film, it could under the circumstances be considered established that the applicant\u2019s stepfather had actually filmed her while she was naked.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s stepfather was given a suspended sentence combined with seventy-five hours\u2019 compulsory community service. Moreover, he was ordered to pay the applicant damages in the amount of SEK 20,000.\n\nOn appeal, by a judgment of 16 October 2007, the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovr\u00e4tt) convicted him on the two counts of sexual molestation committed against the cousin, for which he was given a suspended sentence and ordered to pay sixty day-fines of SEK 50, amounting to a total of SEK 3,000.\n\nThe Court of Appeal acquitted him on the counts of sexual molestation allegedly committed against the applicant.\n\nAs to the incident in September 2002, the Court of Appeal found it established that the applicant\u2019s stepfather had put a camera in the bathroom and that he had started the recording before she was about to take a shower. Whether a recording had actually been made, however, was unclear. It was apparent, the court continued, that his motive had been to film the applicant covertly for a sexual purpose. Given that motive, it was also regarded as certain that he had not intended the applicant to find out about the filming. Nor, according to the court, had he been indifferent to the risk that she would find out about it. In assessing whether the act legally constituted sexual molestation within the meaning of Chapter 6, Article 7 \u00a7 3, of the Penal Code, the Court of Appeal referred to a Supreme Court judgment (published in Nyatt jurisdiskt arkiv (NJA) 1996, p. 418) concerning a man who had covertly filmed his sleeping girlfriend while he masturbated. The man was acquitted of sexual molestation because he had not intended his girlfriend to find out about the filming. Moreover, in the said judgment the Supreme Court held that the isolated act of filming was not a crime in itself, as in Swedish law there was no general prohibition against filming an individual without his or her consent. Following that line of reasoning, and despite finding that the situation the applicant\u2019s stepfather intended to film was obviously of a sensitive nature as regards her personal integrity and that the violation was particularly serious on account of the applicant\u2019s age and relationship to her stepfather, the Court of Appeal found that he could not be held criminally responsible for the isolated act of filming the applicant without her knowledge. The court noted that the applicant had become aware of her stepfather\u2019s attempt to film her, but that this had not been covered by his intent.\n\nThe Court of Appeal went on to point out that the act might, at least theoretically, have constituted the crime of attempted child pornography (f\u00f6rs\u00f6k till barnpornografibrott) considering the applicant\u2019s age. However, since no charge of that kind had been brought against the applicant\u2019s stepfather, the Court of Appeal could not examine whether he could be held responsible for such a crime. In conclusion, despite finding his behaviour extremely reprehensible, he was acquitted and the applicant\u2019s claim for damages dismissed.\n\nAs regards the incident in the late summer of 2003, the Court of Appeal found it established that the applicant\u2019s stepfather had wanted to look at her secretly. Thus, although the court found such behaviour reprehensible, he had lacked the intent that the applicant should see him.\n\nOn 12 December 2007 the Supreme Court (H\u00f6gsta domstolen) refused leave to appeal.", "applicant": "Eliza S\u00f6derman", "offset": 3637, "idx_mapping": [3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3651, 3652, 3653, 3654, 3655, 3656, 3657, 3658, 3659, 3660, 3661, 3662, 3663, 3664, 3665, 3666, 3667, 3668, 3669, 3670, 3671, 3672, 3673, 3674, 3675, 3676, 3677, 3678, 3679, 3680, 3681, 3682, 3683, 3684, 3685, 3686, 3687, 3688, 3689, 3690, 3691, 3692, 3693, 3694, 3695, 3696, 3697, 3698, 3699, 3700, 3701, 3702, 3703, 3704, 3705, 3706, 3707, 3708, 3709, 3710, 3711, 3712, 3713, 3714, 3715, 3716, 3717, 3718, 3719, 3720, 3721, 3722, 3723, 3724, 3725, 3726, 3727, 3728, 3729, 3730, 3731, 3732, 3733, 3734, 3735, 3736, 3737, 3738, 3739, 3740, 3741, 3742, 3743, 3744, 3745, 3746, 3747, 3748, 3749, 3750, 3751, 3752, 3753, 3754, 3755, 3756, 3757, 3758, 3759, 3760, 3761, 3762, 3763, 3764, 3765, 3766, 3767, 3768, 3769, 3770, 3771, 3772, 3773, 3774, 3775, 3776, 3777, 3778, 3779, 3780, 3781, 3782, 3783, 3784, 3785, 3786, 3787, 3788, 3789, 3790, 3791, 3792, 3793, 3794, 3795, 3796, 3797, 3798, 3799, 3800, 3801, 3802, 3803, 3804, 3805, 3806, 3807, 3808, 3809, 3810, 3811, 3812, 3813, 3814, 3815, 3816, 3817, 3818, 3819, 3820, 3821, 3822, 3823, 3824, 3825, 3826, 3827, 3828, 3829, 3830, 3831, 3832, 3833, 3834, 3835, 3836, 3837, 3838, 3839, 3840, 3841, 3842, 3843, 3844, 3845, 3846, 3847, 3848, 3849, 3850, 3851, 3852, 3853, 3854, 3855, 3856, 3857, 3858, 3859, 3860, 3861, 3862, 3863, 3864, 3865, 3866, 3867, 3868, 3869, 3870, 3871, 3872, 3873, 3874, 3875, 3876, 3877, 3878, 3879, 3880, 3881, 3882, 3883, 3884, 3885, 3886, 3887, 3888, 3889, 3890, 3891, 3892, 3893, 3894, 3895, 3896, 3897, 3898, 3899, 3900, 3901, 3902, 3903, 3904, 3905, 3906, 3907, 3908, 3909, 3910, 3911, 3912, 3913, 3914, 3915, 3916, 3917, 3918, 3919, 3920, 3921, 3922, 3923, 3924, 3925, 3926, 3927, 3928, 3929, 3930, 3931, 3932, 3933, 3934, 3935, 3936, 3937, 3938, 3939, 3940, 3941, 3942, 3943, 3944, 3945, 3946, 3947, 3948, 3949, 3950, 3951, 3952, 3953, 3954, 3955, 3956, 3957, 3958, 3959, 3960, 3961, 3962, 3963, 3964, 3965, 3966, 3967, 3968, 3969, 3970, 3971, 3972, 3973, 3974, 3975, 3976, 3977, 3978, 3979, 3980, 3981, 3982, 3983, 3984, 3985, 3986, 3987, 3988, 3989, 3990, 3991, 3992, 3993, 3994, 3995, 3996, 3997, 3998, 3999, 4000, 4001, 4002, 4003, 4004, 4005, 4006, 4007, 4008, 4009, 4010, 4011, 4012, 4013, 4014, 4015, 4016, 4017, 4018, 4019, 4020, 4021, 4022, 4023, 4024, 4025, 4026, 4027, 4028, 4029, 4030, 4031, 4032, 4033, 4034, 4035, 4036, 4037, 4038, 4039, 4040, 4041, 4042, 4043, 4044, 4045, 4046, 4047, 4048, 4049, 4050, 4051, 4052, 4053, 4054, 4055, 4056, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 4071, 4072, 4073, 4074, 4075, 4076, 4077, 4078, 4079, 4080, 4081, 4082, 4083, 4084, 4085, 4086, 4087, 4088, 4089, 4090, 4091, 4092, 4093, 4094, 4095, 4096, 4097, 4098, 4099, 4100, 4101, 4102, 4103, 4104, 4105, 4106, 4107, 4108, 4109, 4110, 4111, 4112, 4113, 4114, 4115, 4116, 4117, 4118, 4119, 4120, 4121, 4122, 4123, 4124, 4125, 4126, 4127, 4128, 4129, 4130, 4131, 4132, 4133, 4134, 4135, 4136, 4137, 4138, 4139, 4140, 4141, 4142, 4143, 4144, 4145, 4146, 4147, 4148, 4149, 4150, 4151, 4152, 4153, 4154, 4155, 4156, 4157, 4158, 4159, 4160, 4161, 4162, 4163, 4164, 4165, 4166, 4167, 4168, 4169, 4170, 4171, 4172, 4173, 4174, 4175, 4176, 4177, 4178, 4179, 4180, 4181, 4182, 4183, 4184, 4185, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 3637, 4200, 4201, 4202, 4203, 4204, 4205, 4206, 4207, 4208, 4209, 4210, 4211, 4212, 4213, 4214, 4215, 4216, 4217, 4218], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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A. The 1979 compulsory auction
Mr Gösta Håkansson is resident at Höör and a police officer by profession, and Mr Sune Sturesson is resident at Skånes Fagerhult and a farmer by profession. On 4 December 1979 Gösta Håkanssons bought for 240,000 Swedish crowns (SEK) at a compulsory sale by auction (exekutiv auktion; “the 1979 auction“) an agricultural estate called Risböke 1:3 in the municipality of Markaryd. Their main competitors at the auction, Mr Bertil Bjarnhagen and Mr Michael Borg, bid 235,000 and 220,000 SEK, respectively. The property had been seized in July 1979 in order to secure the payment of the previous owners’ debts to three banks.
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"entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Michael Borg", "start_offset": 14440}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14476, "entity_id": "001-57638_a8_e113", "entity_mention_id": "001-57638_a8_em189", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Thorwald Borg", "start_offset": 14460}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14492, "entity_id": "001-57638_a8_e101", "entity_mention_id": "001-57638_a8_em190", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "125,000 SEK", "start_offset": 14481}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14512, "entity_id": "001-57638_a8_e120", "entity_mention_id": "001-57638_a8_em191", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "17 January 1986", "start_offset": 14497}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14652, "entity_id": "001-57638_a8_e121", "entity_mention_id": "001-57638_a8_em192", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "11 April 1986", "start_offset": 14639}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: G\u00f6sta H\u00e5kansson", "meta": {"applicant": "G\u00f6sta H\u00e5kansson", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 112, 49, 45, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1990}, "doc_id": "001-57638", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was brought before the Court on 14 December 1988 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c) and on 27 January 1989 by the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden (\u201cthe Government\u201c), within the period of three months laid down by Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention. The case originated in an application (no. 11855/85) against Sweden lodged with the Commission in 1984 by Mr G\u00f6sta H\u00e5kansson and Mr Sune Sturesson, both Swedish citizens, under Article 25 (art. 25). The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby Sweden recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The purpose of the request and of the Government\u2019s application was to obtain a decision as to whether or not the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Articles 6, 13 and 14 (art. 6, art. 13, art. 14) of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (P1-1).\n\nIn response to the inquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. (d) of the Rules of Court, the applicants stated that they wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent them (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included, as ex officio members, Mrs E. Palm, the elected judge of Swedish nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). On 26 January 1989 the President of the Court drew by lot, in the presence of the Registrar, the names of the five other members, namely Mr Th\u00f3r Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Mr L.-E. Pettiti, Mr B. Walsh, Mr R. Bernhardt and Mr S. K. Martens (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43). Subsequently Mr C. Russo, substitute judge, replaced Mr Martens, who was unable to attend (Rule 22 para. 1 and Rule 24 para. 1).\n\nMr Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5). He ascertained, through the Registrar, the views of the Agent of the Government, the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyer for the applicants regarding the need for a written procedure (Rule 37 para. 1). Thereafter, in accordance with the President\u2019s Order, the registry received the memorials of the Government and of the applicants on 31 July and 4 August 1989, respectively; in a letter of 5 September, the Secretary to the Commission informed the Registrar that the Delegate did not wish to file a memorial.\n\nHaving consulted, through the Registrar, those who would be appearing before the Court, the President directed on 29 June 1989 that the oral proceedings should open on 25 September 1989 (Rule 38). On 22 September the Commission produced various documents requested by the Registrar upon instructions from the President of the Court.\n\nThe hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on the appointed day. Immediately prior to its opening, the Court had held a preparatory meeting. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mr H. Corell, Ambassador, Under-Secretary for Legal and Consular Affairs, Agent, Mr R. Str\u00f6mberg, Permanent Under-Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Mr L. Lindstr\u00f6m, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Justice, Mr P. Boqvist, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Advisers;\n\nfor the Commission Mr C. L. Rozakis, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicants Mr G. Ravnsborg, Lecturer in Law at the Counsel, University of Lund. The Court heard addresses by Mr Corell for the Government, by Mr Rozakis for the Commission and by Mr Ravnsborg for the applicants, as well as the Government\u2019s replies to its questions. The applicants\u2019 replies were received at the registry on 20 October 1989 and the Government\u2019s comments thereon on 20 November 1989. On 4 December 1989 the President rejected an application from the Government to file additional evidence and on 23 January 1990 the Chamber rejected a similar application from the applicant (Rule 40 para. 1).\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nA. The 1979 compulsory auction\n\nMr G\u00f6sta H\u00e5kansson is resident at H\u00f6\u00f6r and a police officer by profession, and Mr Sune Sturesson is resident at Sk\u00e5nes Fagerhult and a farmer by profession.\n\nOn 4 December 1979 the applicants bought for 240,000 Swedish crowns (SEK) at a compulsory sale by auction (exekutiv auktion; \u201cthe 1979 auction\u201c) an agricultural estate called Risb\u00f6ke 1:3 in the municipality of Markaryd. Their main competitors at the auction, Mr Bertil Bjarnhagen and Mr Michael Borg, bid 235,000 and 220,000 SEK, respectively. The property had been seized in July 1979 in order to secure the payment of the previous owners\u2019 debts to three banks. According to a valuation made public before the auction, the market value (saluv\u00e4rde) of the property was estimated at 140,000 SEK.\n\nAt the auction the public was, according to the minutes drafted by the representative of the County Administrative Board (l\u00e4nsstyrelsen) of the County of Kronoberg, informed of the regulations contained in section 2, sub-section 10, and section 16 of the Land Acquisition Act 1979 (jordf\u00f6rv\u00e4rvslagen 1979:230; \u201cthe 1979 Act\u201c), whereby a purchaser would have to resell the property within two years unless he had obtained in the meantime from the County Agricultural Board (lantbruksn\u00e4mnden) of the same County a permit to retain it or fell under one of the listed exceptions from the permit requirement (see paragraphs 28 and 32 below). The applicants maintained that a representative of the County Administrative Board had stated, at the public viewing of the property on 27 November 1979, that, in this case, the requisite permit would certainly be granted speedily; they further claimed that this had been confirmed by the County Administrative Board at the auction. In support of these allegations, the applicants submitted three affidavits, each of which was signed in 1989 by a person who had been present either at the auction or at the public viewing.\n\nB. The applications for a permit to retain the estate\n\nOn 7 January 1980 the County Administrative Board drew up a sale contract (k\u00f6pebrev) in which the applicants were reminded of the wording of section 16 para. 1 of the 1979 Act. On the same day the applicants submitted a request to the County Agricultural Board for a permit to retain the estate Risb\u00f6ke 1:3.\n\nBy letter of 5 February 1980, the County Agricultural Board informed the applicants that the estate had, in view of its size, situation and nature, to be considered as a \u201crationalisation unit\u201c (rationaliseringsfastighet) which ought to be used for the purpose of consolidating other properties in the area that were capable of further development. It added that, as neighbours were interested in acquiring the property, the request might be refused under section 4 para. 1, sub-section 3, of the 1979 Act (see paragraph 30 below). The County Agricultural Board also indicated that there were reasons to believe that the price paid was too high for redemption (inl\u00f6sen - see paragraph 34 below). On 15 February 1980 the County Agricultural Board rejected the applicants\u2019 request on the ground that the estate was a \u201crationalisation unit\u201c.\n\nThe applicants appealed to the National Board of Agriculture (lantbruksstyrelsen), which rejected the appeal on 5 September 1980. In its decision the National Board of Agriculture noted the following. Risb\u00f6ke 1:3 had an area of 41 hectares of which 18 hectares were forest and 8 hectares pasture. There were no buildings on the property. Mr Sturesson\u2019s estate, which comprised 63 hectares of forest and 10 of pasture, was 25 kilometres away. Through their purchase the applicants had intended to build up units which would, in the short run, create opportunities for employment and, in the long run, become financially sound properties to be exploited by their children. The Board noted however that in the opinion of the County Agricultural Board, there was only room for one active farmer in the region. Finally, Mr Michael Borg, who leased two neighbouring properties, one of which was owned by his father, had shown a great interest in acquiring the applicants\u2019 property. The Board concluded: \u201cThe National Board of Agriculture finds, as did the County Agricultural Board, that the real estate at issue lacks the prerequisites for remaining as a separate cultivation unit. Moreover, the National Board considers that a new establishment on the property would be likely to make it more difficult for the active farmer in the area to develop his business.\u201c\n\nThe applicants appealed to the Government (Ministry of Agriculture), which rejected the appeal on 26 February 1981.\n\nA new request, dated 4 January 1982, for a permit to retain Risb\u00f6ke 1:3 was rejected by the County Agricultural Board on 25 January 1982. The Board stated that the estate was considered to be a unit suitable for rationalisation purposes, which ought to be used to consolidate properties within the area that were capable of further development. It furthermore stated that it was not prepared to redeem the estate at the price of 240,000 SEK.\n\nThe applicants appealed to the National Board of Agriculture. After inspecting the property, it rejected the appeal on 15 November 1982, on the ground that there were no new circumstances justifying a departure from its previous decision.\n\nThe applicants\u2019 further appeal to the Government was dismissed on 27 October 1983.\n\nIn a letter of 11 January 1985 the applicants requested the Government to reconsider their decision of 27 October 1983. The Government, recalling that the case had been finally settled by them on the latter date, decided on 14 March 1985 not to take any further action in respect of the request.\n\nC. The redemption proceedings\n\nThe applicants brought proceedings before the Real Estate Court (fastighetsdomstolen) of V\u00e4xj\u00f6 requesting that the State redeem the Risb\u00f6ke 1:3 in accordance with section 14 of the 1979 Act (see paragraph 34 below). In a judgment of 11 December 1981 the court rejected the claim, stating that in view of the clear wording of section 14 this provision could not be applied by analogy to the applicants\u2019 situation. The applicants appealed to the G\u00f6ta Court of Appeal (G\u00f6ta hovr\u00e4tt), which on 1 July 1982 confirmed the judgment of the Real Estate Court. On 14 July 1983 the Supreme Court (h\u00f6gsta domstolen) refused leave to appeal.\n\nD. The 1985 compulsory resale by auction\n\nAt the request of the County Agricultural Board, the County Administrative Board ordered, on 10 November 1983, the compulsory resale by auction of Risb\u00f6ke 1:3 in accordance with the provisions of sections 16 and 17 of the 1979 Act (see paragraphs 36-38 below). The Enforcement Office (kronofogdemyndigheten) in V\u00e4xj\u00f6 was responsible for arranging the auction.\n\nIn February and March 1984 the National Board of Forestry (skogsv\u00e5rdsstyrelsen) assessed the value of the property in accordance with the price-control regulations (that is, in principle, by reference to its yield) at 100,000 SEK and its market value as not exceeding 200,000 SEK. In April 1984 the Senior Land Surveyor (\u00f6verlantm\u00e4taren) of the County of Kronoberg made a new valuation of the property, resulting in an estimated market value of 125,000 SEK.\n\nOn 19 April 1984 the Enforcement Office determined that the estate had a value of 125,000 SEK. The applicants challenged this before the G\u00f6ta Court of Appeal but the court dismissed the action on 4 June 1984, stating that it was not possible to appeal against such a determination as it was only a preparatory step for a subsequent decision on the sale of the estate (see paragraph 39 below). The applicants appealed against this decision to the Supreme Court, which on 23 August 1984 refused leave to appeal. On 26 June 1984, at the applicants\u2019 request, the County Administrative Board appointed two special valuers (see paragraph 37 below). In their report of October 1984, the valuers concluded that the property had an estimated market value of 172,000 SEK, taking into account certain expenditure deemed necessary for thinning out trees (mainly Christmas trees) that had been newly planted by the applicants.\n\nThe auction took place on 18 June 1985 (\u201cthe 1985 auction\u201c). The Enforcement Office noted that the estate had an estimated market value of 172,000 SEK and a taxable value of 107,000 SEK. It decided that the lowest bid which could be accepted would be 172,000 SEK. At the auction, there was, in fact, only one bid. It was an offer of 172,000 SEK made by the County Agricultural Board and it was accepted by the Enforcement Office. After the costs of the valuation and the auction had been deducted the applicants received 155,486.50 SEK.\n\nPrior to the auction in June 1985, five requests for advance permits (f\u00f6rhandstillst\u00e5nd) to acquire the property had been filed with the County Agricultural Board (see paragraph 36 below). On 10 April 1984 the Board granted the request filed by Mr Michael Borg and Mr Thorwald Borg on condition that they applied, within two months from the public auction, for a merger of Risb\u00f6ke 1:3 and the two neighbouring properties which they now owned (cf. paragraph 12 above). The other requests were rejected by the Board on 10 and 14 June 1985.\n\nOn 19 June 1985 the applicants appealed to the G\u00f6ta Court of Appeal requesting that the compulsory sale be annulled. They argued that the property had not been sold at the market price, as required by law, since the valuation which had arrived at the figure of 172,000 SEK had been based only on an assessment of the yield from the property. The applicants stated that they intended to submit to the court a new valuation report. However, on 3 July 1985 the Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal.\n\nThe applicants filed a further appeal with the Supreme Court, in which they also challenged the impartiality of the two special valuers on the ground that they had had a duty, under section 6 of the Land Acquisition Ordinance 1979 (see paragraph 37 below), to consult with the County Agricultural Board - which had in the event been the buyer of the estate - when making their valuation. They did not raise any complaint in respect of the absence of any public hearing before the Court of Appeal. On 20 August 1985 the Supreme Court refused to grant leave to appeal.\n\nOn 17 December 1985 the County Agricultural Board sold the property to Mr Michael Borg and Mr Thorwald Borg for 125,000 SEK. 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Susan Anne Allen was born in 1970 and lives in Liverpool. 1. Susan Anne Allen's initial granting of bail
On 6 October 2005 Susan Anne Allen was charged with two offences of conspiracy to supply Class A drugs. On 7 October 2005 Susan Anne Allen was produced at Liverpool City Magistrates' Court. Following a contested bail application she was granted bail by the Deputy District Judge.
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"dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 18837/06) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Ms Susan Anne Allen (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 2 May 2006.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Mr D. Taylor, a lawyer practising in Liverpool. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms E. Willmott, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the fact that she was not allowed to attend the hearing of the prosecution's appeal against her being granted bail had breached her rights under Article 5 \u00a7\u00a7 3 and 4 and Article 6 of the Convention.\n\nOn 14 May 2008 the President of the Chamber decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility (Article 29 \u00a7 3).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1970 and lives in Liverpool.\n\n1. The applicant's initial granting of bail\n\nOn 6 October 2005 the applicant was charged with two offences of conspiracy to supply Class A drugs.\n\nOn 7 October 2005 the applicant was produced at Liverpool City Magistrates' Court. Following a contested bail application she was granted bail by the Deputy District Judge.\n\n2. The prosecution's appeal against the applicant being granted bail\n\nThe prosecution gave notice that it wished to appeal against the grant of bail and the applicant remained in detention. The appeal hearing was to take place at Liverpool Crown Court on 11 October 2005 and the applicant's solicitors arranged with the Prison Service for her to be present at the court building.\n\nThe prosecution's appeal came before Judge Globe on 11 October 2005. At the start of the hearing, counsel for the applicant requested that the judge exercise his discretion to allow the applicant to be present while the appeal was heard. It was contended on the applicant's behalf that she had been led to believe that she would be released following the grant of bail at the magistrates' court and that she had not properly understood the implications of the prosecution's appeal. Counsel for the applicant asserted that if she were present she would see that her case was being dealt with fairly and he further clarified that the basis for his application was \u201ccommon humanity\u201d and \u201cnot technical\u201d. Judge Globe declined the request, reasoning that the applicant could be given a full report of what had happened from her counsel. Moreover, her attendance would be undesirable as one of the applicant's co-accused had not been present at the hearing of the appeal against the grant of bail to him, and it would therefore be unfair to treat the applicant more favourably.\n\nWhen the applicant later arrived in the court building, her counsel again requested that she be allowed to attend the hearing in person. He emphasised that this was a re-hearing and rather unusual as it was the prosecution which had sought to appeal the Deputy District Judge's ruling on bail. As the applicant was already present in the building, her production would cause little inconvenience. Judge Globe again refused, this time explaining that if he allowed the applicant to be present it would set a precedent for any defendant in custody wishing to attend an appeal against bail in the future.\n\nThe applicant's counsel submitted to the judge: \u201cYou have considerable experience of looking at people and taking into account their demeanour. This woman is, on the defence case, a respectable woman of good background and a vulnerable person. I would like you to see her, frankly, because you will be able to tell and see that she does not fall into a category of so many of those who appear before you ... I was able to address the learned District Judge on precisely those terms. I believe that it had some impact on his decision to grant bail because he was able to see her and make an assessment of that person. She is here and you could make that assessment if she was brought up before you.\u201d\n\nIn refusing the applicant permission to attend, Judge Globe stated: \u201cI am not going to alter my view in relation to [the applicant] being present during the hearing. I will listen to your submissions. If there is anything during your submissions that causes me to hear evidence from her or to have to do something different to what I am doing at the moment in relation to the hearing of the matter, I will reconsider it at that stage.\u201d\n\nAt a later stage of the hearing, Judge Globe remarked: \u201c... [W]hat beyond what you have been able to describe to me are you suggesting that I should gain from bringing her up from the cells into the dock at the moment? What do you want me to do if I were to ask her to come up into the dock, just look at her? Does that add anything to anything that you are suggesting? I have a very clear picture of the sort of person who is going to walk into the dock. No doubt she is going to be very worried. It must be a very intimidating experience for anybody of no previous convictions who has recently been taken into custody, to be brought into a court as large as this. I can imagine full well what is going to happen when she walks in. But given the fact that I can imagine that, and I have seen it happen many times, what else am I going to notice?\u201d\n\nThe applicant's counsel replied that he had withdrawn his application for her to attend. Judge Globe invited him to make any last submissions about what might be gained by seeing the applicant in person. Counsel answered with: \u201c...looking at the demeanour of the person, that is all. There is something to do with that assessment which is better if one looks at the person and sees them looking across the court looking back at you. But you have in detail, as you have pointed out, a thorough description of her and if that suffices I am not going to seek to persuade you to go further.\u201d\n\nJudge Globe proceeded with the hearing in the applicant's absence. He decided to allow the prosecution appeal and refuse bail, on the grounds that the applicant's brother, one of the co-accused, was at liberty, possibly overseas, and that there was a risk that she would abscond and join him or provide him with information about the prosecution case which would obstruct the course of justice.\n\n3. The applicant's first application for permission to apply for judicial review\n\nThe applicant applied for permission to apply for judicial review of the decision not to allow her to attend the hearing on the ground that her rights under the Convention had been breached.\n\nOn 9 November 2005 Mr Justice Sullivan refused the application for permission to apply for judicial review. He first observed that the applicant was challenging Judge Globe's decision not to allow her to attend the prosecution appeal, and that she did not contend that the ultimate decision to refuse her bail was unreasonable. Mr Justice Sullivan further noted that though Rule 19.17 (4) of the Criminal Procedure Rules (see paragraph 22 below) was not referred to during the hearing before Judge Globe, it was Convention compliant because a person was entitled to be present if, in an exceptional case, the interests of justice so required. The applicant's grounds for applying for permission to seek judicial review did not explain why hers was an exceptional case or why the interests of justice required her attendance whilst she was legally represented.\n\nMr Justice Sullivan took into account Judge Globe's clear indication that he would be prepared to reconsider his view and allow the applicant to be present if there was anything that would require him to hear evidence from her in person. However, counsel representing the applicant had not been able to identify what would be gained by producing the applicant.\n\n4. The applicant's renewed application for permission to apply for judicial review\n\nOn 7 December 2005 Mr Justice Gibbs refused the applicant's renewed application for permission to bring judicial review proceedings. The applicant's counsel attended and argued that the decision to refuse her admission to the hearing of the prosecution's appeal had breached her rights under Article 5 \u00a7 3, or alternatively, Article 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention. It was asserted that the production of the applicant before the Deputy District Judge did not fulfil the requirements of Article 5 \u00a7 3 because the judge was not a judge authorised by law to exercise judicial power, as his decision was subject to immediate appeal and was never put into effect.\n\nIn giving judgment, Mr Justice Gibbs took into account a transcript of the proceedings before Judge Globe. Although Rule 19.17 (4) had not been expressly cited to Judge Globe, the latter's approach to the application made to him had been entirely consistent with that rule. The general principle underlying Rule 19.17 (4) was that an applicant should not generally be entitled to be present at the hearing of a prosecution appeal. The first exception to that proposition had not been fulfilled as the applicant was not acting in person. Therefore the judge would have to take the view that the case was of an exceptional nature and/or that the interests of justice required the applicant to be present. Judge Globe, in considering the matter, undoubtedly had the interests of justice in mind. He had referred to the position of the co-defendant and had made an enquiry as to whether there was any particular reason to believe that injustice would occur, having regard to the fact that an explanation could be given to the applicant immediately afterwards as to the judge's decision and his reasons for it. Judge Globe had also, notably, left open the possibility of altering his decision if, for example, it became apparent that oral evidence might be required from the applicant in support of her application.\n\nMr Justice Gibbs found that the Deputy District Judge was authorised to exercise judicial power as required by Article 5 \u00a7 3 of the Convention and clearly had exercised it, even though his decision was subject to immediate appeal and was not put into effect pending appeal. As concerned the applicant's complaints under Article 5 \u00a7 4, the legal framework covering applications for bail, including appeals, did in Mr Justice Gibbs view enable her to take proceedings whereby the lawfulness of her detention could be decided speedily by a court as required by that article. There was, in his judgment, nothing even arguably to be found in the wording of Article 5 \u00a7 4 which entitled an applicant to be present at such proceedings in all instances. Where prosecution appeals against refusal of bail were concerned, Rule 19.17 (4) provided a Convention compatible procedure to ensure that no injustice was caused to an applicant in cases in which he or she was not permitted to be present.", "applicant": "Susan Anne Allen", "offset": 1099, "idx_mapping": [1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1099, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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A. The first applicant
The first applicant was born in 1979 and lives in Vienna. On 19 July 2000 the Vienna Regional Court (Landesgericht für Strafsachen) convicted the first applicant under section 209 of the Criminal Code of having committed homosexual acts with an adolescent and sentenced him to a fine of ATS 4,500 (approximately EUR 330) with 75 days’ imprisonment in default. The sentence was suspended on probation. The Regional Court found that, in September 1999, the first applicant, who was then twenty years old, had had about ten homosexual contacts with a sixteen-year-old.
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"PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in two applications (no. 69756/01 and no. 6306/03) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by Austrian nationals, Mr Michael Woditschka (\u201cthe first applicant\u201d) and Mr Wolfgang Wilfling (\u201cthe second applicant\u201d), on 13 May 2001 and on 23 January 2002, respectively.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr H. Graupner, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 10 October 2002 and 21 March 2002, respectively, the Court decided to communicate the applications to the Government. On 12 June 2003 it decided to examine the merits of the applications at the same time as its admissibility pursuant to Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nA. The first applicant\n\nThe first applicant was born in 1979 and lives in Vienna.\n\nOn 19 July 2000 the Vienna Regional Court (Landesgericht f\u00fcr Strafsachen) convicted the first applicant under section 209 of the Criminal Code of having committed homosexual acts with an adolescent and sentenced him to a fine of ATS 4,500 (approximately EUR 330) with 75 days\u2019 imprisonment in default. The sentence was suspended on probation. The Regional Court found that, in September 1999, the first applicant, who was then twenty years old, had had about ten homosexual contacts with a sixteen-year-old. In determining the sentence the court had regard to the applicant\u2019s confession and his young age as a mitigating circumstance, as well as to the repetition of the offence as an aggravating circumstance.\n\nOn 13 November 2000 the Vienna Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht) dismissed the first applicant\u2019s appeal on points of law, in which he had complained that section 209 of the Criminal Code was discriminatory and violated his right to respect for his private life, and in which he had also suggested that the Court of Appeal request the Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality of that provision.\n\nB. The second applicant\n\nThe second applicant was born in 1964 and lives in Traiskirchen.\n\nOn 7 August 2001 the Wiener Neustadt Regional Court ordered the second applicant\u2019s detention on remand on suspicion of having committed homosexual acts with an adolescent contrary to section 209 of the Criminal Code.\n\nOn 24 August 2001 the Wiener Neustadt Regional Court convicted the second applicant under section 209 of the Criminal Code and sentenced him to fifteen months\u2019 imprisonment, fourteen of which were suspended on probation. It found that, from March 2001 until his arrest, the second applicant had a homosexual relationship with a seventeen-year-old. In determining the sentence the court had regard to the applicant\u2019s confession as a mitigating circumstance, as well as to the repetition of the offence and a previous conviction as aggravating circumstances.\n\nOn 7 September 2001 the second applicant was released from detention on remand.\n\nOn 23 October 2001 the Vienna Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht) dismissed the second applicant\u2019s appeal on points of law, in which he had complained that section 209 of the Criminal Code was discriminatory and violated his right to respect for his private life, and in which he had also suggested that the Court of Appeal request the Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality of that provision. Upon the Public Prosecutor\u2019s appeal it changed the sentence to the effect that only ten out of fifteen months of imprisonment were suspended on probation.\n\nSubsequently the second applicant was granted a stay of the execution of his sentence. On 7 July 2002 he requested a pardon and a further stay of execution pending the decision on his request for pardon. On 11 July 2002 the Wiener Neustadt Regional Court granted a further stay of execution.\n\nOn 23 September 2002 the Federal President, upon the second applicant\u2019s request, granted him a remission of the remaining sentence.", "applicant": "Michael Woditschka", "offset": 1023, "idx_mapping": [1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Einar Strömblad was born in 1950 and lives in Kristianstad. In 1999 Einar Strömblad married L., a Ukrainian national holding permanent residence permits in the Czech Republic and in Sweden. In February 2004 she obtained Swedish nationality. In August 2003 their daughter, N., was born. She is also a Swedish national.
|
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13900, "entity_id": "001-110246_a8_e22", "entity_mention_id": "001-110246_a8_em234", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "N.", "start_offset": 13898}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14207, "entity_id": "001-110246_a8_e78", "entity_mention_id": "001-110246_a8_em235", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 December 2006", "start_offset": 14191}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14240, "entity_id": "001-110246_a8_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-110246_a8_em236", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Administrative Court", "start_offset": 14212}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Einar Str\u00f6mblad", "meta": {"applicant": "Einar Str\u00f6mblad", "articles": [91, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2012}, "doc_id": "001-110246", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 3684/07) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Swedish national, Mr Einar Str\u00f6mblad (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 15 January 2007.\n\nThe applicant was represented by R. Harrold-Claesson, a lawyer practising in Olofstorp. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr B. Sj\u00f6berg, of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant complained that the Swedish courts\u2019 protracted custody proceedings, including their handling of his request for the return of his daughter under the Hague Convention, and the Tax Authority\u2019s decision to remove his daughter from the population register, violated Articles 6, 8 and 13 of the Convention.\n\nOn 26 June 2008 the President of the Third Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nOn 1 February 2011 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court) and the above application was assigned to the newly composed Fifth Section.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1950 and lives in Kristianstad.\n\nIn 1999 the applicant married L., a Ukrainian national holding permanent residence permits in the Czech Republic and in Sweden. In February 2004 she obtained Swedish nationality. In August 2003 their daughter, N., was born. She is also a Swedish national.\n\nBetween May and August 2005 L. visited her parents in Prague together with N. Upon their return, the applicant\u2019s relationship with L. quickly deteriorated and, in September 2005, she returned to her parents\u2019 home in Prague with N. They have remained there ever since.\n\nA. The proceedings relating to custody and rights of contact\n\nIn September 2005 the applicant submitted an application for divorce from L. to the District Court (tingsr\u00e4tten) in Kristianstad. He further requested sole custody of N. or, if the court decided that the parties should have joint custody, that N. should live with him. In any event, if the court were to decide that N. should live with her mother, he wanted contact rights to be exercised on a regular basis according to a specific schedule.\n\nL. agreed to the divorce but opposed the applicant\u2019s requests in relation to their daughter. She wanted sole custody of N. but agreed, pending the final outcome of the proceedings, that the applicant could visit N. in Prague for a few hours every other weekend with her or her mother (N.\u2019s maternal grandmother) present.\n\nOn 14 November 2005, after having held an oral hearing, the District Court decided that, pending the final outcome of the proceedings, the applicant and L. should have continued joint custody of N. but that she should live with her mother and see her father for four hours every other weekend in the presence of L. or a person of her choice. The court further ordered the Kristianstad Social Council to carry out an investigation into the custody of N., her place of residence and contact to her. In its interim decision, the court noted that neither the applicant nor L. appeared to be unsuitable as guardians for N. Therefore, despite their difficulties in co-operating and the distance between their places of residence, there were not enough reasons to dissolve the joint custody of N. Moreover, having regard to N.\u2019s young age and the fact that the main responsibility for her daily care had rested with L., the court found it to be in the child\u2019s best interest to live with L. even though L., by moving to Prague, had made it more difficult for N. to see her father. In this respect, the court emphasised that L. had a great responsibility to ensure that N. would be able to see the applicant. The parties were left to agree on where it would be best for N. and the applicant to meet.\n\nThe applicant appealed against the decision to the Court of Appeal (hovr\u00e4tten) of Sk\u00e5ne and Blekinge, maintaining his requests for sole custody of N. and for her to live with him. In the alternative, he wanted his right of contact with N. to be exercised in southern Sweden.\n\nL. opposed any changes to the District Court\u2019s decision.\n\nOn 13 December 2005 the Court of Appeal upheld the lower court\u2019s decision in full. It found that no circumstances had been presented which indicated that the District Court\u2019s decision was not in the best interests of the child. This decision was final.\n\nSubsequently, the applicant requested the District Court to change its interim decision, inter alia, in respect of N.\u2019s place of residence and the contact rights. He claimed that the interim decision in force had made it impossible for him to create meaningful contact with N., since it was too expensive for him to travel to Prague every other weekend. Moreover, he wanted to be able to spend time with his daughter alone.\n\nAs L. opposed any changes to the interim decision, the District Court held an oral hearing, at which the applicant, his representative and L.\u2019s representative were present. L. did not attend.\n\nIn an interim decision of 23 January 2006, the District Court altered its previous decision by granting the applicant a right of contact to N. every other weekend for four hours on both Saturday and Sunday. For the rest, the court found it to be in the best interests of N. to keep the interim arrangements until final judgment was delivered in the case.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal, demanding that N.\u2019s permanent place of residence should be in Sweden.\n\nOn 28 February 2006 the Court of Appeal rejected the appeal, noting that it was not legally possible for it to decide where a child should live; it could only decide with whom. No appeal lay against the decision.\n\nIn 2006 the Social Council made an investigation concerning the custody of N., her place of residence and contact to her, but the District Court did not find the results satisfactory. Thus, by decision of 2 July 2007, the District Court mandated a company, Access Borders SE, to investigate N.\u2019s living conditions in the Czech Republic. The report was to be submitted to the court at the latest on 15 October 2007. Moreover, the court decided that N. should meet with the applicant for four hours on 8 December 2007 and for four hours on 9 December 2007 in Sweden. Furthermore, the date for the main hearing in the case was fixed for 11 and 12 December 2007.\n\nThe hearing was cancelled and, apparently, the applicant and N. did not therefore meet as scheduled in Sweden.\n\nIn a report faxed to the District Court on 18 December 2007, Access Borders SE informed the court of its efforts to carry out an investigation into N.\u2019s living conditions in Prague but stated that this had not been possible because L.\u2019s representative in Prague had acted in a manner which obstructed the impartial investigation.\n\nOn 13 March 2008 the District Court took a number of procedural decisions, inter alia, rejecting L.\u2019s request to have all documents in the case-file translated into Czech and deciding that the parties should finalise their pleadings by 21 April 2008 so that the main hearing could take place. Moreover, it rejected a request by the applicant to order further investigations into N.\u2019s situation in the Czech Republic while maintaining the assignment given to Access Borders SE. In this respect, the District Court noted that a new investigation would be very time-consuming and therefore not appropriate but that it would take into consideration when deciding the case that L. had refused to co-operate in the investigation by Access Borders SE ordered by the court.\n\nOn 2 March 2010 the District Court took further procedural decisions, inter alia, rejecting a request by the applicant to hear a new witness. Moreover, it rejected the applicant\u2019s request for edition of certain documents.\n\nOn 27 July 2010 the District Court, after having held an oral hearing, delivered its judgment. The court decided that L. should have the sole custody of N. and granted the applicant a right of contact with N. four days in a row on a monthly basis, which should gradually be increased. The District Court held that both the applicant and L. were suitable parents. It further concluded that the fact that N. had not seen her father for the last five years was to a large extent caused by L.\u2019s behaviour and that it was to be feared that N. would not have any future contact with the applicant if she stayed with L. in Prague. However, the court held that, despite invitations from L., the applicant had not even once gone to Prague. In the court\u2019s view he had thus not made sufficient efforts to enforce his rights of contact in respect of N. Lastly, the court concluded that the advantages of a change of N.\u2019s domicile would not outweigh the drawbacks, inter alia, since N. had not seen the applicant for several years and no longer spoke Swedish.\n\nThe applicant appealed against the judgment to the Court of Appeal, which refused leave to appeal on 29 September 2010.\n\nOn 8 December 2010 the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal.\n\nB. Proceedings relating to the Hague Convention\n\nIn December 2005 the applicant applied to the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs for assistance for the return of N. to Sweden in accordance with the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (\u201cthe Hague Convention\u201d). The Ministry for Foreign Affairs, which is the Swedish Central Authority in charge of matters falling under the Hague Convention, forwarded the applicant\u2019s request to its Czech counterpart.\n\nAs there was no real progress in the case, the applicant contacted the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in May 2006 expressing his concern and requesting that the Ministry put some pressure on the Czech Central Authority.\n\nFollowing correspondence between the authorities, the Czech Central Authority requested, in accordance with Article 15 of the Hague Convention, that the applicant obtain a decision from the Swedish courts to the effect that the removal of N. by her mother had been wrongful within the meaning of Article 3 of the Hague Convention. In June 2006 the Ministry for Foreign Affairs forwarded this request to the District Court in Kristianstad since the latter was dealing with the custody case.\n\nBy judgment of 10 October 2006 the District Court declared that L.\u2019s retention of N. in the Czech Republic was not unlawful within the meaning of Article 3 of the Hague Convention. In reaching this conclusion, it had regard to the fact that, in November 2005 when it had taken its interim decision that N. should live with her mother, it had known that they were staying in Prague. Thus, it had accepted that N. was not in Sweden but in Prague with L. for which reason the retention was not unlawful.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal, claiming that the District Court should have focused on the actual removal of N. from Sweden by L. and not on the retention. In his view, the removal had been unlawful and the Hague Convention was therefore applicable. Later decisions by the Swedish courts could not justify the removal retroactively.\n\nOn 19 December 2006 the Court of Appeal rejected the applicant\u2019s appeal, finding that neither the removal nor the retention of N. by L. was unlawful. This judgment was final.\n\nHowever, the applicant applied to the Supreme Court (H\u00f6gsta domstolen) for re-opening of the case as he considered that he had suffered a miscarriage of justice. On 1 February 2007 the Supreme Court rejected the application.\n\nC. Proceedings relating to N.\u2019s removal from the population register\n\nIn June 2006 L. sent a notification of change of address to the Swedish Tax Authority (Skatteverket) on N.\u2019s behalf. Since parents who have joint custody of a child need to agree on a change of address for the child, the Tax Authority forwarded the notification to the applicant for comments. The applicant opposed the change of N.\u2019s place of residence in the Swedish population register (folkbokf\u00f6ringen) since he considered the removal of N. to be unlawful and the custody proceedings were still ongoing.\n\nOn 11 September 2006 the Tax Authority dismissed L.\u2019s notification of N.\u2019s change of address because notification had to be made jointly by both guardians. However, at the same time it decided, on its own initiative, to remove N. from the population register as having emigrated, since it was clear that N., since 10 September 2005, had no longer lived at the registered address in Sweden but with L. in Prague. In reaching this conclusion, it had regard to the District Court\u2019s interim decision of 14 November 2005 that N. should be living with her mother.\n\nThe applicant appealed against the decision to the County Administrative Court (l\u00e4nsr\u00e4tten) of the County of Sk\u00e5ne, demanding that the Tax Authority\u2019s decision be repealed and that N.\u2019s registered place of residence should not be changed until a final decision in the custody case had been reached.\n\nOn 10 October 2006 the County Administrative Court dismissed the appeal on the ground that both parents, since they had joint custody, had to agree on the appeal. Thus, since L. did not support the applicant\u2019s appeal, the court could not consider it on the merits.\n\nUpon further appeal by the applicant, the Administrative Court of Appeal (kammarr\u00e4tten) in Gothenburg refused leave to appeal. However, the applicant lodged a further appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court (Regeringsr\u00e4tten), maintaining his claims and invoking Articles 8 and 13 of the Convention. He considered that since the custody case and the proceedings relating to his demand under the Hague Convention were still pending, the Tax Authority should not prejudge those proceedings by removing N. from the population register as having emigrated. This was a violation of his rights under Article 8 and, consequently, he had a right under Article 13 of the Convention to have an effective remedy, that is, the national courts were under an obligation to try his appeal on the merits.\n\nOn 18 December 2006 the Supreme Administrative Court refused leave to appeal.", "applicant": "Einar Str\u00f6mblad", "offset": 1298, "idx_mapping": [1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1298, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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I. the circumstances of the case
A. Background to the present case
The first applicant, Ms Anne-Marie Paulsen-Medalen, born in 1958 and unmarried, lives at Västra Frölunda, a suburb of Gothenburg. The second applicant, Mr Sven-Erik Svensson, born in 1957, lives at Partille, another suburb of Gothenburg. The first applicant is the mother of two children, P. and J.; the second applicant is J.’s father. The first applicant came into contact with the social authorities in 1984 while expecting her first child P. Following his birth, he and his mother stayed with her parents, then with the second applicant and, as from May 1985, with P.’s father.
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Palm", "start_offset": 1024}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1065, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e3", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em11", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Swedish", "start_offset": 1058}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1127, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em12", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": ["001-58132_a8_em23"], "span_text": "Mr R. Ryssdal", "start_offset": 1114}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1191, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em13", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 March 1997", "start_offset": 1178}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 1314, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e13", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em14", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr L.-E. Pettiti", "start_offset": 1298}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1330, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em15", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr R. 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"14 November 1990", "start_offset": 13548}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13576, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e109", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em184", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Council", "start_offset": 13569}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13600, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e37", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em185", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mrs Westerberg", "start_offset": 13586}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14188, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e110", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em186", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "22 November 1992", "start_offset": 14172}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14277, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e111", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em187", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "4 December 1992", "start_offset": 14262}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14305, "entity_id": "001-58132_a8_e112", "entity_mention_id": "001-58132_a8_em188", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Social District Council", "start_offset": 14282}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Anne-Marie Paulsen-Medalen", "meta": {"applicant": "Anne-Marie Paulsen-Medalen", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1998}, "doc_id": "001-58132", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court by the applicants, Ms Anne-Marie Paulsen-Medalen and Mr Sven-Erik Svensson, both Swedish nationals, on 25 October 1996, within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 \u00a7 1 and Article 47 of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 16817/90) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged by the applicants with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under Article 25 on 7 August 1989. The object of the application was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 of the Convention. On 21 February 1997 the Court\u2019s Screening Panel decided not to decline consideration of the case and to submit it to the Court (Article 48 \u00a7 2 of the Convention).\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 35 \u00a7 3 (d) of Rules of Court B, the applicants designated the lawyers who would represent them (Rule 31).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Mrs E. Palm, the elected judge of Swedish nationality (Article 43 of the Convention), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 \u00a7 4 (b)). On 19 March 1997, in the presence of the Registrar, the President drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr L.-E. Pettiti, Mr R. Pekkanen, Mr A.N. Loizou, Mr M.A. Lopes Rocha, Mr K. Jungwiert, Mr U. L\u014dhmus and Mr P. van Dijk (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 \u00a7 5). Subsequently, on 18 November 1997, Mr R. Bernhardt, the Vice-President of the Court, replaced Mr Ryssdal, who was unable to take part in the further consideration of the case (Rules 21 \u00a7 3 (b) and 24 \u00a7 1).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 \u00a7 6), Mr Ryssdal, acting through the Deputy Registrar, consulted the Agent of the Government of Sweden (\u201cthe Government\u201d), the applicants\u2019 lawyer and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 39 \u00a7 1 and 40). Pursuant to the order made in consequence on 9 July 1997, the Registrar received the Government\u2019s memorial on 22 October 1997 and the applicant\u2019s memorial on 29 October 1997. In a letter of 6 November 1997 the Secretary to the Commission informed the Registrar that the Delegate did not wish to reply in writing.\n\nOn 6 November 1997 the Commission produced extracts from a document on its file, as requested by the Registrar on the President\u2019s instructions. On 17 November 1997 the applicants sought to file a document. On 24 November the President, in consultation with the Chamber, decided not to accept the document for filing (Rule 39 \u00a7 1, third sub-paragraph).\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 24 November 1997. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr C.H. Ehrenkrona, Director for Legal Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Agent, Mrs I. Stenkula, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Social Affairs, Mrs A. Wickstr\u00f6m, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Justice, Mr T. Zander, Legal Adviser, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Advisers; (b) for the Commission Mr L. Loucaides, Delegate; (c) for the applicants Mrs S. Westerberg, Lawyer, Counsel, Mrs R. Harrold-Claesson, Lawyer, Ms N. Nicolet, Lawyer, Advisers, Mrs B. Hellwig, Assistant. The Court heard addresses by Mr Loucaides, Mrs Westerberg and Mr Ehrenkrona.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. the circumstances of the case\n\nA. Background to the present case\n\nThe first applicant, Ms Anne-Marie Paulsen-Medalen, born in 1958 and unmarried, lives at V\u00e4stra Fr\u00f6lunda, a suburb of Gothenburg. The second applicant, Mr Sven-Erik Svensson, born in 1957, lives at Partille, another suburb of Gothenburg. The first applicant is the mother of two children, P. and J.; the second applicant is J.\u2019s father.\n\nThe first applicant came into contact with the social authorities in 1984 while expecting her first child P. Following his birth, he and his mother stayed with her parents, then with the second applicant and, as from May 1985, with P.\u2019s father. After the birth of her second son J. in 1986 the first applicant and her sons returned to her parents. In the summer of 1986 she moved to H\u00f6gsboh\u00f6jd. Since 1989 she has been living at V\u00e4stra Fr\u00f6lunda in order to be closer to her parents. During this period the social authorities provided on a regular basis the first applicant with financial support and assistance in the upbringing of her children.\n\nOn 8 February 1989, in the light of an investigation by the social authorities, the Chairperson of the Social District Council (sociala distriktsn\u00e4mnden) in Fr\u00f6lunda-Styrs\u00f6 decided to take the children immediately into care on a provisional basis. The children were placed at the B\u00f6 Children\u2019s Home in Gothenburg.\n\nThe first applicant appealed against the decision to take the children provisionally into care. However, the County Administrative Court (l\u00e4nsr\u00e4tten) and the Administrative Court of Appeal (kammarr\u00e4tten) of Gothenburg upheld the decision and the Supreme Administrative Court (regeringsr\u00e4tten) refused the applicant leave to appeal.\n\nBy judgment of 17 March 1989 the County Administrative Court ordered that the children P. and J. be taken into care pursuant to section 1 of the Act containing Special Provisions on the Care of Young Persons 1980 (lag 1980:621 med s\u00e4rskilda best\u00e4mmelser om v\u00e5rd av unga \u2013 hereinafter \u201cthe 1980 Act\u201d) on the ground that there were such deficiencies in the children\u2019s care as to endanger their health and development.\n\nThe first applicant appealed against the judgment, initially in respect of both P. and J. She later withdrew the appeal in so far as it concerned P. By judgment of 13 February 1990 the Administrative Court of Appeal upheld the care order with respect to J.\n\nThe first applicant sought to appeal against the above judgment but, on 22 March 1990, the Administrative Court of Appeal refused the appeal as being lodged out of time, which decision was upheld by the Supreme Administrative Court on 3 July 1990.\n\nB. Restrictions on access and related proceedings\n\n1. The first applicant\u2019s access to her sons\n\nJ. and P. were placed with foster parents on 7 March and 18 April 1989 in separate homes. Initially no decision regarding the first applicant\u2019s access to her children was taken but it appears that from March 1989 until March 1990 she was in fact able to visit her children in the foster homes once every second week for 2\u00bd hours. Furthermore, she could see them in her own home twice per year for 2\u00bd hours. The second applicant normally accompanied the first applicant during her visits in the foster homes.\n\nOn 19 March 1990, after the first applicant had contacted her present representative, Mrs Siv Westerberg, she requested the social authorities to confirm that no decision had been taken to restrict her right of access to her children.\n\nOn 20 March 1990 the Chairperson of the Social Council (stadsdelsn\u00e4mnden) of H\u00f6gsbo decided, pursuant to section 16 of the 1980 Act (see paragraph 29 below), to restrict the first applicant\u2019s access to her children to a 2\u00bd hours\u2019 visit in the foster homes every second week. On 27 March 1990, acting in her own capacity and on behalf of her children, the first applicant appealed against the above decision to the County Administrative Court. She maintained primarily that the decision had been unlawful in that the Chairperson of the Social Council had not been empowered to restrict access.\n\nThe County Administrative Court quashed the Chairperson\u2019s decision in a judgment of 20 June 1990. On appeal by the Social Council that judgment was overturned on 6 July 1990 by the Administrative Court of Appeal. It considered that the Chairperson had been empowered to restrict access and referred the case back to the County Administrative Court for determination of the merits of the access restrictions. The first applicant appealed against the Administrative Court of Appeal\u2019s judgment to the Supreme Administrative Court which, on 5 November 1990, refused leave to appeal.\n\nIn the meantime, on 19 June 1990, the social authorities had decided to restrict the first applicant\u2019s right to speak to J. on the telephone to two phone calls per week. Furthermore, on 3 July 1990, it had decided to maintain the restrictions on the first applicant\u2019s access to her two sons to a 2\u00bd hours\u2019 visit every other week in the foster homes.\n\nThe above decisions were challenged before the County Administrative Court which, after holding a hearing on 28 September 1990, upheld them in a judgment of 3 October 1990.\n\nOn 8 October 1990 the first applicant appealed on her own and her sons\u2019 behalf to the Administrative Court of Appeal which, following an oral hearing, rejected the appeal on 11 January 1991.\n\nOn 22 January 1991 the first applicant and the children, represented by their mother, applied for leave to appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court, which was granted on 23 July 1991.\n\nOn 28 June 1993 the Supreme Administrative Court upheld the lower courts\u2019 judgments as regards the restrictions on access. According to the Government, the Supreme Administrative Court\u2019s delay in giving judgment appeared to have been due to the fact that it was awaiting the Strasbourg Court\u2019s ruling in the case of Margareta and Roger Andersson v. Sweden (judgment of 25 February 1992, Series A no. 226\u2011A) which raised similar issues in relation to restrictions on telephone communications between mother and child.\n\nThe second applicant\u2019s access to his son J.\n\nOn 5 February 1991 Mrs Westerberg submitted the following request to the relevant authority on behalf of the second applicant: \u201c[The second applicant] requests access [to J.] every weekend from Friday 5 p.m. until Sunday 5 p.m. as from 15 February 1991. Access shall take place at [the second applicant\u2019s] home at Partille without the presence of any other persons being required. [The second applicant] will bring and fetch [J.] in the foster home. You are requested to notify me immediately, not later than within a week, of your acceptance of this access arrangement and to inform the foster parents thereof. If you consider that you cannot decide in this matter in your capacity as a civil servant I request that you refer it to the Social Council, to confirm that such a referral has taken place and to inform me when I may expect a decision from the Social Council.\u201d\n\nOn 11 February 1991 the Chief of the Social Services of District 10, H\u00f6gsbo, Gothenburg (stadsdelsf\u00f6rvaltningen 10, H\u00f6gsbo, G\u00f6teborgs Stad) informed the second applicant as follows: \u201c... I must point out that the Act containing Special Provisions on the Care of Young Persons applies in respect of children taken into public care. As you are aware, its provisions regarding access apply only in respect of the custody holder or in respect of those who have taken care of the child. Accordingly, it is only the mother [the first applicant] who is covered by these provisions. Of course, a natural father is important for the child who, having regard to what is in his or her best interests, has a right of access to his or her parent. According to section 11 of [the 1990 Act], it is the social authorities, in this case the foster home department at Tynnered District [familjehemsverksamheten i stadsdels-f\u00f6rvaltningen Tynnered], which must decide on [J.\u2019s] personal circumstances in the foster home. [The second applicant] is welcome to discuss the question of access with [the secretary responsible for foster home care]. ... I should like to recall that it concerns a child who, because of his need of care, has been placed in a foster home by court order. It cannot be considered to be in the interest of a child to be removed from his or her home every weekend, especially not in a situation such as that of [J.]. Not even in divorce cases is it normal that access be granted with such short intervals; such cases often do not even concern children with any special need for care being provided in their home. In effect, what you suggest is that a non-custody holder should be granted access going beyond what the custody holder has been granted.\u201d\n\nThe second applicant did not pursue the matter but appears to have contacted the social authorities at Fr\u00f6lunda to enquire about his access to J. On 6 October 1995 the authorities replied: \u201cA right of access to a child for a person other than the custody holder does not exist under domestic law. It is however appropriate that a child also meets his or her relatives. ... The County Administrative Court has decided that [J.\u2019s] access to his mother should be limited to two visits a year, which may be increased to the extent agreed by [J.]. His access to other relatives should be considered in light of this. As regards [the second applicant\u2019s] request to meet [J.] it could be said that [the second applicant] participates in the regular access arranged every other week. Admittedly, [J.] has not appeared more than a few times during the last year but the aim is that [J.] attend more frequently in the future. This means that [the second applicant] will meet [J.] on the same conditions as the mother [the first applicant].\u201d\n\nIt does not appear that the second applicant has taken any further initiative to establish access to his son J.\n\nGrandparents\u2019 access to P. and J.\n\nOn 12 November 1990 Mrs Westerberg had submitted a request by the maternal grandparents to the H\u00f6gsbo Social District Council for the children P. and J. to stay with them every weekend. On 14 November 1990 the Council informed Mrs Westerberg that the question regarding the grandparents\u2019 access to their grandchildren was not regulated in the law. The request could, nevertheless, be examined in the context of the social authorities\u2019 general powers to decide on the personal conditions of the children. Decisions made under these general powers were not subject to any review. The grandparents were advised to contact the social authority responsible for the foster home to discuss the possibilities of access although the access requested did not appear to be consistent with the children\u2019s needs. By letter of 22 November 1992 the grandparents insisted on having a formal decision on the subject. 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| 1
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John Becks were born in 1959, 1957 and 1967 and live in Lancashire, Tyne and Wear and Worcester, respectively. A. The first applicant
On 4 May 1976 the first applicant joined the Royal Air Force (“RAF”). By 1993 he had reached the rank of sergeant in the Electronic Warfare Operational Support Establishment (“EWOSE”) where he was employed as a communications systems analyst and he submitted that he was well placed for promotion. During his service he was awarded the Air Officer Commanding Commendation for Meritorious Service and the Long Service and Good Conduct medal.
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"check", "end_offset": 23620, "entity_id": "001-60697_a8_e112", "entity_mention_id": "001-60697_a8_em209", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Perkins", "start_offset": 23613}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 23725, "entity_id": "001-60697_a8_e114", "entity_mention_id": "001-60697_a8_em210", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Industrial Tribunal", "start_offset": 23706}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 23803, "entity_id": "001-60697_a8_e121", "entity_mention_id": "001-60697_a8_em211", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "23 December 1998", "start_offset": 23787}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: John Beck", "meta": {"applicant": "John Beck", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 48, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2002}, "doc_id": "001-60697", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in three applications (nos. 48535/99, 48536/99 and 48537/99) against the United Kingdom lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by three United Kingdom nationals, Mr John Beck, Mr Howard Copp and Mr Kevin Bazeley (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 11, 12 and 11 January 1999, respectively.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Ms J. Gould, a solicitor practising in Birmingham, England. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr C. Whomersley, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicants alleged that an investigation into their sexuality and their discharge from the armed forces on the basis of their homosexuality as a result of the absolute policy against the presence of homosexuals in the armed forces that existed at the time, violated their rights under Articles 3, 8 and 10 of the Convention, read on their own and in conjunction with Article 14. They further contended that they did not have any effective remedy in the domestic courts in relation to those violations, in violation of Article 13 of the Convention.\n\nThe applications were allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nOn 5 October 1999 the Chamber decided to join the proceedings in the applications (Rule 43 \u00a7 1).\n\nLegal aid was granted to the first applicant on 31 January 2000.\n\nBy a decision of 5 September 2000 the Court declared the applications admissible.\n\nThe Chamber decided that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine).\n\nThe applicants\u2019 claims for just satisfaction pursuant to Article 41 of the Convention were received on 15 January 2001 and on 13 March 2001 the Government\u2019s observations on those claims were received.\n\nOn 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Fourth Section.\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants were born in 1959, 1957 and 1967 and live in Lancashire, Tyne and Wear and Worcester, respectively.\n\nA. The first applicant\n\nOn 4 May 1976 the first applicant joined the Royal Air Force (\u201cRAF\u201d). By 1993 he had reached the rank of sergeant in the Electronic Warfare Operational Support Establishment (\u201cEWOSE\u201d) where he was employed as a communications systems analyst and he submitted that he was well placed for promotion. During his service he was awarded the Air Officer Commanding Commendation for Meritorious Service and the Long Service and Good Conduct medal. The first applicant was divorced in 1988.\n\nThe first applicant\u2019s service evaluations covering the period June 1990 to January 1993 all recorded his conduct as exemplary and, for the most part, his trade proficiency, supervisory ability and personal qualities were assessed at 8 out of 10. He was highly recommended for promotion during each assessment. The detailed evaluations were all positive. In a report in early 1993, the first reporting officer (with whom the second and third reporting officers essentially agreed) noted, in his final evaluation, that the first applicant was an intelligent, caring, self-assured and mature senior non-commissioned officer who continued to work extremely hard; while his forthright opinions could detract from his popularity, the first applicant always seemed to have the best interests of his subordinates at heart and he was highly recommended for promotion without hesitation. He was said to be \u201cwidely recognised as one of the most experienced [senior non-commissioned officers] in the trade\u201d.\n\nBy 1993 the first applicant was studying theology and was considering ordination. From 7 to 9 May 1993 he attended a course designed to help individuals assess their suitability for ordination. During that course the first applicant claimed that he realised that he could no longer deny his homosexuality and that he felt morally bound to reveal his sexual orientation as he was aware of the policy against homosexuals in the armed forces. He discussed his homosexuality with the Station Padre and told him that he had decided that he could no longer live a lie.\n\nAccordingly, on 10 May 1993 the first applicant informed the EWOSE security officer that he was homosexual and he made it clear that he had always been a celibate homosexual. Since he considered his discharge inevitable, he requested that it take place as soon as possible. Later that day he saw his immediate superior to whom he also admitted his homosexuality. On 11 May 1993 the first applicant was interviewed by the officer commanding EWOSE. On 12 May 1993 security services were advised. He was suspended from his duties from 17 May 1993.\n\nA service police investigation commenced on 20 May 1993 which included their completing a Character Defect Enquiry (\u201cCDE\u201d) on the first applicant. The CDE report was dated 8 June 1993, briefly described the first applicant and his service career noting that he was currently engaged to serve until February 2006 and outlined the detailed observations made by a number of persons to the service police, which are summarised below.\n\nThe EWOSE security officer to whom the first applicant had spoken on 10 May 1993 described the first applicant\u2019s visit to his Squadron Leader when the first applicant had admitted his homosexuality. The security officer reported on information provided by the first applicant on his family and on how he had lived his homosexuality in the armed forces and he proffered the view that the first applicant was, in fact, homosexual and not attempting to secure early release. That officer also described the first applicant\u2019s visit to a medical officer, said to be as a result of being in a highly charged emotional state, and, on referral, to a visiting psychiatrist, the latter of whom had indicated that the first applicant was not suffering from a clinical disorder.\n\nThe submissions of the officer who had interviewed the first applicant on 11 May 1993 were also noted in the CDE report. He considered that the first applicant was genuinely homosexual and was not making the claim in order to obtain early discharge. The report also recorded the information received from the first applicant\u2019s immediate superior who had described the first applicant\u2019s character and his interest in theology and who had proffered the view that he was not surprised that the first applicant had claimed to be homosexual. However, that officer confirmed that the first applicant had not given any indication that he was homosexual and that, while he believed him, he had not seen or heard anything that would substantiate the first applicant\u2019s story. He also described the first applicant\u2019s admission to him that he was homosexual and the first applicant\u2019s reasons for his admitting his sexual identity at that stage.\n\nThe statements of two colleagues of the first applicant were also recorded in the CDE report. The first had been a close friend of the first applicant and the first applicant had admitted his homosexuality to him two weeks before he did so to the armed forces\u2019 authorities. That colleague described his relationship with the first applicant and the first applicant\u2019s wish to be ordained and also spoke about the first applicant\u2019s financial problems. The second colleague described a striking change in the first applicant\u2019s personality a few weeks after he arrived in the Sergeant\u2019s Mess (he had become miserable and withdrawn). This change could now be explained, according to that colleague, by the first applicant\u2019s admission. Both colleagues described the first applicant as a \u2018man\u2019s man\u2019 who gave no indication of his homosexuality.\n\nThe Station Padre\u2019s evidence to the service police was also recorded in the CDE report. His meeting with the first applicant on 9 May 1993 was detailed in the report, the first applicant\u2019s religious studies and ambitions were also outlined as was the Station Padre\u2019s conversation about the first applicant with another Padre who had been involved in the course from 7 to 9 May 1993. The Station Padre\u2019s views on the likelihood of the first applicant being accepted into the priesthood were also set out together with the opinion that the first applicant was a clever individual who would attempt to get what he wanted, the way he wanted.\n\nThe first applicant\u2019s ex-wife (also in the armed forces) provided a detailed statement to the service police which was recorded in the CDE report. She described her hesitations in marrying the first applicant, their marital difficulties, their financial difficulties, their separation in 1987 and their divorce in 1988.\n\nThe CDE report concluded that no signs of homosexual tendencies were identified by the first applicant\u2019s ex-wife, colleagues or friends, that the only evidence was the first applicant\u2019s own admission and that the enquiry had not revealed anything to rebut the first applicant\u2019s submissions that he had not had a homosexual physical relationship. Various identified matters could imply that the first applicant had mercenary reasons for wishing to be discharged and it was noted that he had threatened to go to the press if he was not treated properly. It was recommended that the first applicant\u2019s financial problems should be included in any further personal security report.\n\nThe Unit Commander\u2019s recommendation for administrative disposal of the matter was dated 18 June 1993 and included the first applicant\u2019s conduct and trade assessments from 1982 to January 1993. His conduct throughout his career was recorded as exemplary and he had been highly recommended for promotion since October 1986. It dealt briefly with his relationships with his family members, noting that his brother was a practising homosexual. It went on to record that: \u201c[The first applicant] has been a loyal and trustworthy serviceman for 17 years and has worked hard to become a [senior non-commissioned officer]. Despite grave emotional and personal problems, [the first applicant\u2019s] performance as a tradesman and supervisor has remained unaffected until his disclosure on 10 May 1993 ... Despite the devious and deliberate concealment of his homosexual tendencies, [the first applicant\u2019s] honesty and character have caused him finally to admit to the truth. [The first applicant] is five years away from a substantial gratuity and pension, which he has now lost together with his career ... The fact that [the first applicant] has lost so much in material terms to gain some inner personal peace should be seen as a mitigating factor. ... [The first applicant] has few friendships outside his working environment and those remaining will now be under much strain. He has nowhere to live outside the Sergeant\u2019s Mess ... As such this lonely and solitary individual, who has had to face up to a situation not of his own making, deserves to be treated in a compassionate and dignified manner. ... [The first applicant] has had to cope with extreme personal difficulties which have not previously impacted on the Service. These difficulties, which have been beyond his control, have caused him to become a lonely and solitary man, and finally to admit to his true personality. His homosexual tendencies cannot be reconciled easily in the Royal Air Force and his continued retention is not consistent with good discipline or morale. Nevertheless, [the first applicant] has earned the right to be treated in a dignified manner and should be given all possible assistance in reconciling his situation.\u201d\n\nA statement of the first applicant was attached to the above recommendation in which he took exception to the reference to the sexual orientation of his brother which he considered to be of no concern to the RAF and which he found offensive. He also objected to the reference to \u201cdevious and deliberate concealment\u201d which he regarded as a disgraceful attack on his personal integrity. He also noted that since the outset of the case he had been treated \u201cwith very considerable kindness by all concerned\u201d and that \u201cit would be quite wrong if I did not mention this fact\u201d, the first applicant commending in particular the EWOSE security officer (to whom he had spoken on 10 May 1993) for his kindness and human approach to the matter. In his additional remarks, the Unit Commander noted: \u201cWith the current official policy on homosexuality, the simple fact is that [the first applicant] cannot be retained. This is a sad case and I am very keen to see that [the first applicant] is treated as fairly and with as much dignity as can be afforded. He should be discharged as soon as is administratively possible and hence I strongly advise that this case is processed with all haste. Furthermore, I believe very strongly that he should receive his full entitlement of resettlement training/leave, and terminal leave. His dedicated and diligent service over many years warrants a sympathetic and understanding approach to his final weeks in the Service.\u201d\n\nOn 10 August 1993, a Board of the RAF, two of whose members thought it apt to liken the first applicant\u2019s case to \u201ca murder inquiry without a body\u201d in that he confessed to being a homosexual \u201cwithout any evidence to confirm or deny his claim\u201d, recommended his administrative discharge on grounds of his homosexuality.\n\nFurther to the intervention of the first applicant\u2019s Member of Parliament, the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Defence apologised for the delay in processing the first applicant\u2019s case and, on 27 November 1993, the first applicant was discharged from the RAF on grounds of his homosexuality. His certificate of discharge indicated that his services were no longer required, the first applicant being unable to meet his service obligations because of circumstances beyond his control.\n\nB. The second applicant\n\nThe second applicant joined the Royal Army Medical Corps on 1 June 1978 and was indexed as a pupil nurse on 12 November 1979. He passed his autumn assessment in 1981. At the time of his discharge on 29 January 1982 he was a Private, training as a pupil nurse in a military hospital.\n\nIn his assessment dated 14 January 1982 he was recommended for promotion and rated above the standard required of his rank and service. The reporting officer in that evaluation noted that he was a conscientious and reliable young man with good nursing potential, that he had a polite and cheerful manner and got on well with his colleagues. It was considered that he carried out his regimental duties satisfactorily and was ready for immediate promotion.\n\nIn June 1981 the second applicant commenced a homosexual relationship with a civilian. Six months later he received a posting order to Germany and applied for a home posting as he wished to remain in the United Kingdom with his partner. His application was refused. He submitted that he then realised that he could not lead a double life or face separation from his partner. Although he knew that revealing his homosexuality would lead to his discharge, he informed his nurse tutor. The latter informed the personnel officer who conducted four interviews with the second applicant on the subject of his homosexuality.\n\nThe second applicant was then required to undergo a psychiatric assessment and was advised that this was necessary in order to ascertain whether he was, in fact, homosexual. The psychiatrist\u2019s clinical notes dated 25 January 1982 indicated that it was felt that the second applicant was not suffering from any psychiatric disorder, that there were no reasons to doubt his allegation that he was homosexual and that there was, therefore, no psychiatric contra-indication to his being discharged on grounds of homosexuality. He was discharged from the army on 29 January 1982 on grounds of his homosexuality.\n\nThe reasons for discharge were outlined in a note from the second applicant\u2019s commanding officer dated 26 January 1982 where it was confirmed that the second applicant had admitted to homosexual acts with civilians. It was also noted that there was no evidence of such activity with soldiers and it was considered that at no time had good order and military discipline been affected. It was felt that, while his \u201cwork has as yet not deteriorated\u201d, the \u201cproblems of his relationship\u201d would affect his work and reliability in the near future. It was further noted that he had not yet lost the respect of his superiors nor suffered ridicule at the hands of his contemporaries but that this could well be so if his \u201cproblem\u201d were to become common knowledge.\n\nThe assessment of his military conduct and character contained in his certificate of service signed on his discharge noted his conduct as exemplary, describing the second applicant as conscientious and reliable with good nursing potential. A letter dated 7 December 1984 from Army Medical Services noted that ward reports throughout the second applicant\u2019s training showed that he was an \u201cabove average nurse\u201d who was well liked by his colleagues and patients. He was described as a keen and intelligent worker who applied himself well to all aspects of nursing.\n\nC. The third applicant\n\nThe third applicant joined the RAF on 10 November 1985 and commenced officer training at the RAF college. He was commissioned as Acting Petty Officer on 27 March 1986, achieved the rank of Flight Lieutenant in September 1991 and served as a second navigator at a RAF base in Scotland.\n\nIn his evaluation covering the period July 1993 to March 1994, the first reporting officer pointed out that the third applicant, who had recently changed posting, was progressing satisfactorily in his current post and that, with more experience, he should be a contender to become a first navigator in due course. Although he was not yet recommended for further promotion, he was considered to have good potential for the future if he could resolve his domestic difficulties. The second and third reporting officers also spoke of the impact on the third applicant of the breakdown of his marriage, considering that he should rather consolidate his current position. Accordingly, none of the three reporting officers recommended him for further promotion. Two out of the three reporting officers referred to him as being prone to air sickness in the posting that he held at that time.\n\nIn August 1994 the third applicant\u2019s credit card holder, which he had previously lost, was found by an officer of the service police in the latter\u2019s internal mail and its contents aroused suspicion that the third applicant might be homosexual. On 3 August 1994 the third applicant was interviewed by an officer of the service police and he was shown two membership cards of homosexual clubs which were in his name. The third applicant confirmed that the cards were his and that he was homosexual. During that interview he was pressed to give names of service personnel with whom he had had a sexual relationship. He stated that his homosexual activity was limited to members of the civilian population and that he had never had a sexual relationship with a member of the service.\n\nA report dated August 1994 from the service police described the above interview and indicated that there was no evidence whatsoever to suggest that there was an abuse of rank, that the circumstances were particularly \u201cdeviant, sordid or persistent\u201d or that \u201cassault, violence, ill-treatment or other criminal or disciplinary offences\u201d were involved. Accordingly, the third applicant had not been interviewed under caution and was \u201ccontent to make a voluntary statement\u201d. That statement, dated 3 August 1994, confirmed that he was homosexual and pointed out that he had realised he was homosexual in 1992 and that, in hindsight, this was a major contributory factor in the break-up of his marriage. He indicated that his wife knew at the time of his statement of his homosexuality and he confirmed the statements made during his interview as to his previous homosexual relationships. He made it clear that he did not wish to provide the names of those persons with whom he had had a homosexual relationship and stated that he had not made the statement to get a discharge from service.\n\nOn 24 August 1994 the third applicant was suspended from his normal primary duties with immediate effect. A report was prepared recommending that he be ordered to resign his commission on the grounds of unsuitability.\n\nOn 31 August 1994 the third applicant lodged a petition challenging this recommendation. On 6 January 1995 the decision of the Air Force Board, rejecting the third applicant\u2019s petition, was promulgated. On 19 May 1995 he was informed that the decision of the Air Force Board would not be reviewed. On 4 September 1995 he was discharged from the RAF on grounds of his homosexuality.\n\nD. The domestic proceedings\n\nOn 24 January 1996 Mr Perkins, who had also been dismissed from the Royal Navy in 1995 on grounds of his homosexuality, applied to the High Court for leave to take judicial review proceedings on the basis that the Ministry of Defence policy against homosexuals serving in the armed forces was \u201cirrational\u201d, that it was in breach of Articles 8 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights and that it was contrary to the EU Council Directive on the Implementation of the Principle of Equal Treatment for Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, Vocational Training and Promotion and Working Conditions 76/207/EEC (\u201cthe Equal Treatment Directive\u201d).\n\nOn 30 April 1996 the European Court of Justice (\u201cECJ\u201d) decided that transsexuals were protected from discrimination on grounds of their transsexuality under European Community law (P. v. S. and Cornwall County Council [1996] Industrial Relations Law Reports 347). On 3 July 1996 Mr Perkins was granted leave by the High Court.\n\nOn 13 March 1997 the High Court referred the question of the applicability of the Equal Treatment Directive to differences of treatment based on sexual orientation to the ECJ pursuant to former Article 177 of the Treaty of Rome (R. v. Secretary of State for Defence, ex parte Perkins, 13 March 1997).\n\nOn 17 February 1998 the ECJ found that the Equal Pay Directive 75/117/EEC (which, like the Equal Treatment Directive, prohibited discrimination \u201con grounds of sex\u201d) did not apply to discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation (Grant v. South West Trains Ltd [1998] ICR 449). Consequently, on 2 March 1998 the ECJ enquired of the High Court in the Perkins case whether it wished to maintain the Article 177 reference. After a hearing between the parties, the High Court decided to withdraw the question from the ECJ (R. v. Secretary of State for Defence, ex parte Perkins, 13 July 1998). Leave to appeal was refused.\n\nThe applicants issued proceedings, along with a number of other individuals, in the Industrial Tribunal claiming unfair dismissal and sexual discrimination on 10 August 1995, in September 1995 and in October 1995 respectively. They argued, inter alia, in favour of the applicability of the Equal Treatment Directive to a difference of treatment based on sexual orientation. Following a hearing before the Industrial Tribunal in August 1996, their cases together with a series of similar cases, were stayed pending the outcome of the above-described Perkins case then pending before the High Court. That stay was renewed in May 1997 and in June 1998. However, further to the High Court decision of 13 July 1998 in the Perkins case, the applicants, following legal advice, withdrew their applications before the Industrial Tribunal, which tribunal consequently dismissed their applications on 23 December 1998.", "applicant": "John Beck", "offset": 2178, "idx_mapping": [2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2178, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2332, 2333, 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2349, 2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539, 2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2562, 2563, 2564, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2568, 2569, 2570, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2654, 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660, 2661, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2665, 2666, 2667, 2668, 2669, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2673, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2677, 2678, 2679, 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2726, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737, 2738, 2739, 2740, 2741, 2742, 2743, 2744, 2745, 2746, 2747, 2748, 2749, 2750, 2751, 2752], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Yasser Chraidi, Mr Yasser Chraidi, was born in 1959 in Lebanon. At the time of lodging his application, he was detained in Berlin. He is currently living in Lebanon. On 1 August 1984 the Berlin Tiergarten District Court issued an arrest warrant in respect of Yasser Chraidi on the ground that he was strongly suspected of having murdered E.
On 19 July 1990 the Berlin Tiergarten District Court issued a further arrest warrant in respect of Yasser Chraidi and five other suspects, born in Lebanon, Libya or Morocco. The court accused Yasser Chraidi of having prepared, with others, a bomb attack at the “La Belle” discotheque in Berlin on 5 April 1986 in order to kill as many members of the American armed forces as possible.
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"001-77694_a8_em83", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "106 joint plaintiffs", "start_offset": 7152}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 7190, "entity_id": "001-77694_a8_e60", "entity_mention_id": "001-77694_a8_em84", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 lawyers", "start_offset": 7180}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7231, "entity_id": "001-77694_a8_e61", "entity_mention_id": "001-77694_a8_em85", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "24 June 2004", "start_offset": 7219}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7260, "entity_id": "001-77694_a8_e62", "entity_mention_id": "001-77694_a8_em86", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Court of Justice", "start_offset": 7236}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7357, "entity_id": "001-77694_a8_e63", "entity_mention_id": "001-77694_a8_em87", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "28 April 2005", "start_offset": 7344}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Yasser Chraidi", "meta": {"applicant": "Yasser Chraidi", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 57, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2006}, "doc_id": "001-77694", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 65655/01) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a stateless person, Mr Yasser Chraidi (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 27 November 2000.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr D. Lammer, a lawyer practising in Berlin. The German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mrs A. Wittling-Vogel, Ministerialr\u00e4tin, of the Federal Ministry of Justice.\n\nOn 21 November 2005 the Court decided to communicate the application. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nOn 1 April 2006 this case was assigned to the newly composed Fifth Section (Rules 25 \u00a7 1 and 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant, Mr Yasser Chraidi, was born in 1959 in Lebanon. At the time of lodging his application, he was detained in Berlin. He is currently living in Lebanon.\n\nOn 1 August 1984 the Berlin Tiergarten District Court issued an arrest warrant in respect of the applicant on the ground that he was strongly suspected of having murdered E.\n\nOn 19 July 1990 the Berlin Tiergarten District Court issued a further arrest warrant in respect of the applicant and five other suspects, born in Lebanon, Libya or Morocco. The court accused the applicant of having prepared, with others, a bomb attack at the \u201cLa Belle\u201d discotheque in Berlin on 5 April 1986 in order to kill as many members of the American armed forces as possible. During this terrorist attack, three people had been killed and 104 seriously injured.\n\nOn 1 September 1992 the applicant was arrested by the police in Lebanon and was subsequently taken into detention with a view to extradition.\n\nOn 21 June 1994 a Lebanese court acquitted the applicant of E.\u2019s murder but convicted him of forgery and sentenced him to one year and six months\u2019 imprisonment.\n\nOn 24 May 1996 the applicant was extradited to Germany and subsequently held in detention on remand on account of the arrest warrant issued in 1990.\n\nOn 25 November 1996 the Berlin Court of Appeal ordered the applicant\u2019s continued detention on remand. It held that the reasonable suspicion that the applicant had committed the offences with which he had been charged resulted, among other things, from the confession of one of the other suspects. The danger of his absconding still persisted because the applicant had been extradited to Germany only in May 1996 and had neither a fixed dwelling nor social ties in Germany which would prevent him from absconding if released. The court moreover referred to the lifelong prison sentence the applicant faced and underlined that more lenient preventive measures would not be suitable. Lastly, there had been no breach of the obligation to proceed speedily (Beschleunigungsgebot).\n\nOn 30 January 1997 the public prosecutor filed the bill of indictment. On 5 September 1997 the Berlin Regional Court opened the main proceedings against the applicant and four other accused. Between 1997 and 2000 the Berlin Court of Appeal repeatedly ordered the applicant\u2019s continued detention on remand.\n\nOn 13 January 2000 the Berlin Regional Court rejected a request by the applicant for release. It held that there was still a danger of his absconding. Furthermore, the reasonable suspicion that the applicant had committed the offences with which he had been charged persisted. The applicant\u2019s continued detention was also proportionate having regard to the serious nature of those offences, the prospective sentence, the importance of the case and the particular public interest in the prosecution of these offences. Furthermore, there had been no breach of the obligation to proceed speedily.\n\nOn 1 March 2000 the Berlin Court of Appeal upheld that decision. Concerning the suspicions as regards the applicant, the court pointed out that it was bound by the assessment of the Regional Court. Furthermore, the danger of the applicant\u2019s absconding persisted in view of the lifelong prison sentence he faced. The objective of his detention on remand could accordingly not be accomplished by alternative, less radical, preventive measures. Although the applicant had been detained since as far back as 8 January 1994, his further detention remained proportionate having regard to the importance of the case, the character and seriousness of the offences and the particular public interest in the prosecution of these offences. Referring to the principle of proportionality, the court underlined that a detainee\u2019s right to liberty could outweigh the public interest in the prosecution as time passed, if there was, for instance, an imminent risk of irreparable damage to his health. In the present case, however, nothing suggested that the applicant\u2019s life or health were at risk. Moreover, given that the Regional Court had continuously held two hearings per week since November 1997, the length of the proceedings could not be considered disproportionate.\n\nOn 24 May 2000 the Federal Constitutional Court refused to admit a complaint by the applicant, without giving any reasons. Its decision was served on the applicant\u2019s lawyer on 30 May 2000.\n\nOn 13 November 2001 the Berlin Regional Court convicted the applicant on three counts of aiding and abetting murder, on 104 counts of aiding and abetting attempted murder, and of aiding and abetting causing an explosion (Herbeif\u00fchrung einer Sprengstoffexplosion). The court alluded to the historical background of the case, in particular to the tensions between the United States and Libya which had arisen following terrorist attacks in 1985. In January 1986 the United States government had imposed a trade embargo on Libya and had ordered the freezing of all Libyan State assets in United States banks. These measures had led to military intervention and to the planning by Libyan nationals of terrorist attacks on United States facilities in Germany. The court further pointed out that the applicant\u2019s crimes were punishable by imprisonment for up to fifteen years and sentenced him to fourteen years\u2019 imprisonment. When determining the sentence, the court took into account, among other things, the fact that the applicant\u2019s detention on remand and the proceedings had lasted an unusually long time. It further determined that since 8 January 1994 the applicant had been detained in Lebanon with a view to extradition in connection with the present case. This period of detention was to be deducted from his prison sentence at a ratio of 1:3 until 30 April 1994 and at a ratio of 1:2 from 1 May 1994. The court moreover ordered the applicant\u2019s continued detention. The judgment, which ran to 380 pages, was served on the applicant\u2019s lawyer on 10 January 2003.\n\nThe Berlin Regional Court delivered its judgment after holding 281 hearings with an average of two hearings per week and having heard 169 witnesses. 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Said Mohammed Hilal was born in Pemba, one of the Zanzibar islands, in 1968. Zanzibar is part of the United Republic of Tanzania. It has its own President, parliament and government and enjoys considerable autonomy. According to Said Mohammed Hilal, in 1992 he joined the Civic United Front (“the CUF”), an opposition party in Zanzibar. He was an active member, attending meetings and contributing money to the party funds.
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13195, "entity_id": "001-59339_a8_e60", "entity_mention_id": "001-59339_a8_em95", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "12 February 1999", "start_offset": 13179}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 13248, "entity_id": "001-59339_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-59339_a8_em96", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Zanzibar", "start_offset": 13240}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13294, "entity_id": "001-59339_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-59339_a8_em97", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "United Kingdom", "start_offset": 13280}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13349, "entity_id": "001-59339_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-59339_a8_em98", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Zanzibar", "start_offset": 13341}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Said Mohammed Hilal", "meta": {"applicant": "Said Mohammed Hilal", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2001}, "doc_id": "001-59339", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 45276/99) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Tanzanian national, Mr Said Mohammed Hilal (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 5 January 1999.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Sen and Co., solicitors in Wembley. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms R. Mandal, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged that his expulsion to Tanzania placed him at risk of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment, that he would not receive a fair trial if he were returned to Tanzania and that he had no effective remedy available to him in respect of these matters. He relied on Articles 3, 6, 8 and 13 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nThe President of the Chamber and subsequently the Chamber decided to apply Rule 39, indicating to the Government that it was desirable in the interests of the parties and the proper conduct of the proceedings that the applicant should not be expelled to Tanzania pending the Court\u2019s decision.\n\nBy a decision of 8 February 2000, the Chamber declared the application admissible [Note by the Registry. The Court\u2019s decision is obtainable from the Registry].\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in Pemba, one of the Zanzibar islands, in 1968. Zanzibar is part of the United Republic of Tanzania. It has its own President, parliament and government and enjoys considerable autonomy.\n\nAccording to the applicant, in 1992 he joined the Civic United Front (\u201cthe CUF\u201d), an opposition party in Zanzibar. He was an active member, attending meetings and contributing money to the party funds. In August 1994 the applicant was arrested by Chama Cha Mapinduzi (\u201cthe CCM\u201d, the ruling party) officers because of his involvement with the CUF. He was detained at Madema police station in Zanzibar for three months, where he was tortured. He was repeatedly locked in a cell full of water for days at a time so he was unable to lie down. He was hung upside down with his feet tied together until he bled through the nose, and he was also subjected to electric shocks.\n\nIn November 1994 the applicant stated that he was released from detention following pressure from CUF leaders on the Tanzanian government. He was admitted to hospital, where a medical officer recorded that the applicant was haemorrhaging severely through the nose as a result of his treatment and had been subjected to harm endangering life.\n\nThe applicant stated that his brother had been taken into detention shortly before he was. He had been ill-treated and died in January 1995 in hospital where he had been taken from prison.\n\nFollowing his release, the applicant stated that he only contributed funds to the CUF. In January 1995 the police came looking for him while he was out. The police detained his wife overnight and questioned his friends. He decided to leave his home and Tanzania, fearing for his safety.\n\nOn 9 February 1995 the applicant arrived in the United Kingdom and claimed asylum. That day a pro forma interview was held with an immigration officer, where the applicant was assisted by an interpreter. According to the form, the purpose of the interview was to enable the immigration officer to take down the initial details of the asylum application. When asked what the basis of his asylum claim was, the applicant was noted as having said: \u201cBecause of the problems in the country and my safety. I have been threatened a lot by the ruling party so I decided to leave the country.\u201d The applicant stated that he had been a member of the CUF since 1992.\n\nAt the full asylum interview held on 15 March 1995, the applicant was recorded as stating that he had had no problem in obtaining a passport as he was a businessman, and that he had organised his passage to the United Kingdom himself. When asked what the basis for his asylum claim was, he stated that he had been taken away and detained for three months, from August to November 1994, at Madema police station, where he had been tortured. He had been locked in a room with a very low ceiling, where he could not stand up, and then placed for one and a half days in a room filled with water up to the chest, where he could not lie down. He was taken out and returned there twice a week. A few days before he was released he was hung upside down and given electric shocks. He had been arrested because he gave money to the CUF. He was told that he had been released because the CUF leaders had approached the authorities in Dar es Salaam. After his release, he was treated in a private clinic. He produced his CUF card. He had been an ordinary member, doing nothing more than give money. He had not taken part in the demonstration which had been allowed. He mentioned that his brother had been arrested in January 1995 and died after being in police custody. His brother had been badly beaten and was vomiting blood, so they had released him to hospital on 20 January 1995 as they knew he was going to die. His uncle had helped him to leave, obtaining an income-tax clearance and an airline ticket. His uncle checked in with the ticket for him and he was able to board the plane.\n\nOn 29 June 1995 the Secretary of State refused asylum, finding the applicant\u2019s account implausible and noting inconsistencies in his answers. The applicant\u2019s appeal to a special adjudicator was dismissed on 8 November 1996. During the proceedings the applicant had claimed that the Tanzanian authorities intercepted the letters he was sending home, knew that he had claimed asylum, and had summoned his parents to explain \u201cabout [their] son who [was] in a foreign country to abuse the government which [was] in power ...\u201d He provided correspondence from the Royal Mail concerning his enquiries about money which had gone missing from a registered letter dated 27 November 1995 which he had sent to his parents in Tanzania.\n\nIn his decision the special adjudicator noted inconsistencies between the evidence given by the applicant before him and the answers given in his asylum interviews. He placed considerable weight on the fact that the applicant had not mentioned his arrest and torture at his first asylum interview and did not accept the applicant\u2019s explanation that the interviewing officer told him that it was not necessary to give details at this stage or that he was having difficulties with the interpreter. He also noted that the evidence concerning his brother\u2019s arrest was contradictory and that no documentary evidence such as a death certificate had been produced. He therefore did not accept that the applicant\u2019s brother was arrested, tortured or killed. He also observed that the applicant had not provided documentary evidence that the Zanzibar authorities were accusing him of tarnishing Tanzania\u2019s good name, and therefore did not accept that it existed. Looking at the evidence as a whole, he concluded that there was no well-founded fear of persecution for a Convention reason established to the required standard.\n\nLeave to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal was refused on 10 January 1997.\n\nThe applicant obtained a copy of his brother\u2019s death certificate and a medical report which recorded that his brother died on 20 January 1995, after being brought to hospital from prison with a history of severe chest pain and general body weakness associated with a fever. He also obtained the summons from the Pemba police headquarters to his parents dated 25 November 1995 requesting their attendance to explain the applicant\u2019s unlawful conduct in embarrassing the government and country. He made representations to the Secretary of State dated 30 January 1997, providing copies and requesting that his letter be considered as a fresh asylum application.\n\nBy letter dated 4 February 1997 the Secretary of State expressed the view that the police summons was self-serving and not significant, while the death certificate did not disclose proof that his brother, who died of a fever, had been murdered by the authorities. He had, accordingly, decided not to treat the representations as a fresh application for asylum, but to reconsider the original asylum application on all the evidence available to him. He refused on that basis to reverse his decision.\n\nBy letter dated 4 February 1997 the applicant\u2019s representatives requested, alternatively, that the new material be referred to the special adjudicator under section 21 of the Immigration Act 1971. By letter dated 5 February 1997 the Secretary of State informed them that he had decided not to refer the material in question.\n\nBy letter dated 29 April 1997 the applicant\u2019s representatives submitted to the Secretary of State a medical report about the applicant\u2019s treatment following detention in Zanzibar, and requested that the new materials be submitted to the special adjudicator under section 21. They submitted further representations on 26 March 1998. The hospital medical report, dated 8 November 1994, from a medical officer recorded that the applicant had suffered a severe nasal haemorrhage, that this was of a \u201cdangerous harm\u201d degree and that the injury had been inflicted by hanging upside down.\n\nBy letter dated 23 April 1998 the Secretary of State informed the applicant that he had considered the new material, but that this evidence did not cause him to reverse his decision to refuse asylum. He noted that the documents would have been available to the applicant at the time of his appeal hearing but were not produced, which cast doubt on their authenticity. Even if the medical certificate and police summons were authentic, however, he saw no reason why the applicant could not return to live safely and without harassment in mainland Tanzania. He refused to make a reference under section 21.\n\nThe applicant applied for leave to apply for judicial review of the Secretary of State\u2019s refusal to refer the new material to the special adjudicator. He submitted an expert opinion confirming that the documents were genuine. The Secretary of State submitted that the documents were irrelevant because the applicant could live safely in mainland Tanzania. He relied on a letter from the British High Commission in Tanzania dated 8 April 1998 which stated that in general there was no evidence of politically motivated detentions on the mainland, although there were \u201cmore general human rights problems such as arbitrary detentions and poor penal conditions\u201d on the mainland.\n\nOn 1 July 1998 the application for leave was rejected by the High Court. Mr Justice Jowitt stated: \u201cThe Secretary of State\u2019s decision [is] that things have changed and that as matters now stand, whatever was or was not the case in November 1996 and whatever ought or ought not to have been the outcome of the appeal heard then, the applicant can safely return to his home country, provided he goes to the mainland. Having looked at the letter [from the British High Commission], I can see no arguable grounds for saying that the Secretary of State has acted with Wednesbury unreasonableness in concluding that in the light of this new material he has no need to refer the matter to the Special Adjudicator and this application must be refused.\u201d\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal arguing that the Secretary of State\u2019s refusal was wrong in law and \u201cWednesbury unreasonable\u201d and that, in claiming that the applicant could live safely on the mainland, he was not complying with international obligations by failing to take into account the applicant\u2019s specific case or documentation.\n\nOn 1 December 1998 the Court of Appeal refused leave to apply for judicial review. In its judgment it noted that the hospital records showed that his brother had died of fever and did not support the applicant\u2019s evidence that his brother had been tortured. Even assuming that the medical report on the applicant and the summons by the police to his parents were genuine, there was no evidence to suggest that the conclusion reached by the Secretary of State that the applicant could live without harassment on the mainland was wrong.\n\nOn 23 December 1998 the applicant was notified that he would be removed to Zanzibar on 11 January 1999.\n\nOn 22 February 1999 the applicant\u2019s wife arrived in the United Kingdom and claimed asylum shortly afterwards. It was recorded that she stated in her interview that the police had harassed her due to her husband\u2019s involvement with the CUF. She had been detained for one day in April 1995 and questioned about her husband\u2019s whereabouts. The police came to her house on 12 February 1999, wanting to know if her husband was back in Zanzibar as there was a rumour that the United Kingdom had sent back most of the asylum-seekers from Zanzibar. They were angry because he had claimed asylum and tarnished the name of the President. They threatened to arrest her instead.", "applicant": "Said Mohammed Hilal", "offset": 1866, "idx_mapping": [1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 1866, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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On 9 November 1994 the Braunau District Administrative Authority (Bezirkshauptmannschaft) convicted Erwin Baischer twice under the Motor Vehicles Act (Kraftfahrgesetz) for failure to comply with the instructions of the Authority to inform them who had used his car on specific days (Lenkerauskunft), and sentenced him, on each offence, to a fine of 4,000 ATS or six days’ imprisonment in default. The Authority noted that Erwin Baischer had given information but found it to be incorrect. On 29 November 1994 Erwin Baischer filed an appeal against this decision with the Upper Austrian Independent Administrative Panel (Unabhängiger Verwaltungssenat). He complained that the District Administrative Authority had incorrectly applied the law and failed to sufficiently assess the evidence before it or clarify why the information he had given was untrue. Erwin Baischer did not request a hearing, nor did he expressly waive this right.
|
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"001-60000_a8_e17", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em17", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "six days", "start_offset": 2047}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2193, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e18", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em18", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 November 1994", "start_offset": 2177}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 2334, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e19", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em19", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Upper Austrian Independent Administrative Panel (Unabh\u00e4ngiger Verwaltungssenat)", "start_offset": 2255}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2392, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e20", "entity_mention_id": 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"check", "end_offset": 3644, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em30", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 3624}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3693, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em31", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 3673}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3740, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e28", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em32", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "23 February 1996", "start_offset": 3724}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3765, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em33", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 3745}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3966, "entity_id": "001-60000_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-60000_a8_em34", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "10 May 1996", "start_offset": 3955}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Erwin Baischer", "meta": {"applicant": "Erwin Baischer", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2001}, "doc_id": "001-60000", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 32381/96) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Erwin Baischer (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 29 May 1996.\n\nThe applicant was represented before the Court by Mr Estermann, a lawyer practising in Mattighofen (Austria). The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs\n\nThe applicant alleged that in criminal proceedings against him relating to an administrative offence no oral hearing has been held.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nBy a decision of 16 January 2001 the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nAs from 1 November 2001 the application was reallocated to the First Section of the Court. Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nNeither the applicant nor the Government filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nOn 9 November 1994 the Braunau District Administrative Authority (Bezirks\u00adhauptmannschaft) convicted the applicant twice under the Motor Vehicles Act (Kraftfahrgesetz) for failure to comply with the instructions of the Authority to inform them who had used his car on specific days (Lenkerauskunft), and sentenced him, on each offence, to a fine of 4,000 ATS or six days\u2019 imprisonment in default. The Authority noted that the applicant had given information but found it to be incorrect.\n\nOn 29 November 1994 the applicant filed an appeal against this decision with the Upper Austrian Independent Administrative Panel (Unabh\u00e4ngiger Verwaltungssenat). He complained that the District Administrative Authority had incorrectly applied the law and failed to sufficiently assess the evidence before it or clarify why the information he had given was untrue. The applicant did not request a hearing, nor did he expressly waive this right. No oral hearing was held.\n\nOn 2 January 1995 the Independent Administrative Panel dismissed the appeal on the merits but reduced the sentence.\n\nOn 28 February 1995 the applicant filed a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof). He complained under Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention that the Independent Administrative Panel had failed to hold a hearing. Such a hearing would have been necessary because his appeal was not limited to points of law. He had also criticised the District Administrative Authority\u2019s assessment of evidence. Therefore an oral hearing would have been necessary. In such a hearing the Independent Administrative Panel could have properly assessed this evidence, which had already been obtained at first instance, as well as fresh evidence.\n\nOn 13 July 1995 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the applicant\u2019s complaint on the ground that it did not have sufficient prospects of success. Upon a request filed by the applicant on 10 August 1995, the Constitutional Court transferred the case to the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof).\n\nOn 23 February 1996 the Administrative Court, relying on Section 33a of the Administrative Court Act (Verwaltungsgerichtshofgesetz), declined to deal with the applicant\u2019s case, finding that it did not raise important legal issues. 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| 1
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Hans Herbert Puchstein lives in St Oswald. Hans Herbert Puchstein is a medical practitioner. He has an individual contract (Einzelvertrag) with the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board (Niederösterreichische Gebietskrankenkasse). In two submissions to the Joint Arbitration Committee (Paritätische Schiedskommission) dated 7 September 1998 and 5 October 1998, Hans Herbert Puchstein demanded payment for laboratory tests carried out in the first and second quarters of 1998. The claims against the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board amounted to 8,022.41 euros (EUR) and EUR 6,603.81, respectively.
|
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"001-97000_a8_em58", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Appeals Commission", "start_offset": 5015}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5350, "entity_id": "001-97000_a8_e40", "entity_mention_id": "001-97000_a8_em59", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Medial Associations", "start_offset": 5322}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5386, "entity_id": "001-97000_a8_e41", "entity_mention_id": "001-97000_a8_em60", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Health Insurance Boards", "start_offset": 5354}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5560, "entity_id": "001-97000_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-97000_a8_em61", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Appeals Commission", "start_offset": 5533}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5616, "entity_id": "001-97000_a8_e42", "entity_mention_id": "001-97000_a8_em62", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 November 2005", "start_offset": 5600}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Hans Herbert Puchstein", "meta": {"applicant": "Hans Herbert Puchstein", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2010}, "doc_id": "001-97000", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 20089/06) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Hans Herbert Puchstein (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 5 May 2006.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr M. Lechner, a lawyer practising in Lochau. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the proceedings concerning his doctor\u2019s fees had not been dealt with within a reasonable time and that the Regional Appeals Commission which dealt with his case had not been impartial and independent.\n\nOn 7 May 2008 the President of the First Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility (Article 29 \u00a7 3).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant lives in St Oswald.\n\nThe applicant is a medical practitioner. He has an individual contract (Einzelvertrag) with the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board (Nieder\u00f6sterreichische Gebietskrankenkasse).\n\nIn two submissions to the Joint Arbitration Committee (Parit\u00e4tische Schiedskommission) dated 7 September 1998 and 5 October 1998, the applicant demanded payment for laboratory tests carried out in the first and second quarters of 1998. The claims against the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board amounted to 8,022.41 euros (EUR) and EUR 6,603.81, respectively.\n\nThe Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board claimed that the applicant had not participated in the test series for quality checking of laboratory parameters in 1997, and refused to pay for the tests.\n\nThe applicant argued that he had participated in the quality checks in previous years with positive results and had \u2013 as previously \u2013 submitted the relevant samples for the period in question.\n\nThe Joint Arbitration Committee held an oral hearing and on 25 February 1999 it dismissed the applicant\u2019s claim of 7 September 1998.\n\nThe applicant appealed against that decision to the Regional Appeals Commission (Landesberufungskommission).\n\nOn 17 May 1999 the applicant filed an application for transfer of jurisdiction (Devolutionsantrag), requesting a decision on his submission of 5 October 1998 from the Regional Appeals Commission, as the Joint Arbitration Committee had failed to decide within the statutory six-month time-limit.\n\nThe Regional Appeals Commission held a hearing and rejected both of the applicant\u2019s claims. The decision was dated 24 August 1999, and was served on the applicant on 7 July 2000.\n\nThe applicant complained about this decision to the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof). On 27 November 2000 the Constitutional Court set aside the decision for violation of the right to a fair hearing before an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. It noted that one of the assessors of the Regional Appeals Commission had negotiated the clause on remuneration for laboratory tests on behalf of the Lower Austrian Medical Association (\u00c4rztekammer f\u00fcr Nieder\u00f6sterreich), and thus the tribunal could not be regarded as impartial and/or independent.\n\nAn amendment to the Social Insurance Act (Allgemeines Sozialversicherungsgesetz) entered into force on 1 September 2002; it provided for changes in the composition of, inter alia, the Regional Appeals Commission.\n\nThe newly composed Regional Appeals Commission held a hearing on 15 May 2002, during which the applicant gave evidence.\n\nOn 24 March 2003 the applicant requested that the decision be served on him. As the Regional Appeals Commission did not react, the applicant repeated his demand on 18 July 2003.\n\nThe applicant was summoned to another hearing by a newly composed Regional Appeals Commission on 26 November 2003. During that hearing the entire subject was examined anew. Apparently the Regional Appeals Commission reached a decision on the same day. It dismissed the applicant\u2019s claims, finding that he had failed to participate in the required tests and had therefore not complied with the conditions for payment of the laboratory tests. The Regional Appeals Commission did not find any reasons to doubt the lawfulness of the underlying provision of the Remuneration Regulation (Honorarordnung). The decision was served on the applicant\u2019s counsel on 30 November 2004.\n\nOn 15 December 2004 the applicant complained to the Constitutional Court claiming that the Regional Appeals Commission lacked independence and impartiality. The former rejected the applicant\u2019s complaint in a decision of 27 September 2005. It observed that the members of the Regional Appeals Commission were not bound by any instructions. They were independent and impartial unless special circumstances, for instance the fact that one member of the Regional Appeals Commission had been involved in the negotiation of the general agreements, gave rise to legitimate doubts about that member\u2019s independence and impartiality. Such special circumstances had not been shown by the applicant in the present case. The mere fact that the assessors were members of Regional Medial Associations or Regional Health Insurance Boards which had provisions with the same content in their general agreements, did not suffice to cast doubt on the independence and impartiality of the Regional Appeals Commission. The decision was served on counsel on 29 November 2005.", "applicant": "Hans Herbert Puchstein", "offset": 1112, "idx_mapping": [1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1112, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Philemon Löffelmann was born in 1976 and lives in Maissau. Upon his baptism on 9 July 1994 he became a member of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Austria, within which he assumed the function of a preacher or “regular pioneer” (Prediger, allgemeiner Pionier) and, since 27 November 1996, a deacon or “ministerial servant” (Diakon, Dienstamtgehilfe). In this function he assisted the clerical work of elders of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. On 17 November 1994 the Lower Austrian Military Authority (Militärkommando) found that Philemon Löffelmann was fit to perform military service. On 3 July 1995 Philemon Löffelmann started his military service; however, on 1 August 1995 he was discharged following a military medical expert opinion that had found him unfit for service.
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"identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1 February 1999", "start_offset": 6209}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6244, "entity_id": "001-91722_a8_e40", "entity_mention_id": "001-91722_a8_em50", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "31 January 2000", "start_offset": 6229}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6323, "entity_id": "001-91722_a8_e41", "entity_mention_id": "001-91722_a8_em51", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1 February 2000", "start_offset": 6308}, {"confidential_status": "BELIEF", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6392, "entity_id": "001-91722_a8_e16", "entity_mention_id": "001-91722_a8_em52", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses", "start_offset": 6373}, {"confidential_status": "BELIEF", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 6444, "entity_id": "001-91722_a8_e42", "entity_mention_id": "001-91722_a8_em53", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "der Zeugen Jehovas", "start_offset": 6426}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6525, "entity_id": "001-91722_a8_e43", "entity_mention_id": "001-91722_a8_em54", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "February 2001", "start_offset": 6512}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Philemon L\u00f6ffelmann", "meta": {"applicant": "Philemon L\u00f6ffelmann", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 57, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2009}, "doc_id": "001-91722", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 42967/98) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Philemon L\u00f6ffelmann (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 9 July 1998.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr R. Kohlhofer, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that he had been discriminated against in the exercise of his rights under Articles 4 and 9 of the Convention on the ground of his religion as he was liable for military or alternative civilian service whereas members of recognised religious societies holding religious functions comparable to his functions were exempted.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nBy a decision of 1 February 2005 the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nNeither the applicant nor the Government filed further written observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1976 and lives in Maissau.\n\nUpon his baptism on 9 July 1994 he became a member of the Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses in Austria, within which he assumed the function of a preacher or \u201cregular pioneer\u201d (Prediger, allgemeiner Pionier) and, since 27 November 1996, a deacon or \u201cministerial servant\u201d (Diakon, Dienstamtgehilfe). In this function he assisted the clerical work of elders of the Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses.\n\nOn 17 November 1994 the Lower Austrian Military Authority (Milit\u00e4rkommando) found that the applicant was fit to perform military service. On 3 July 1995 the applicant started his military service; however, on 1 August 1995 he was discharged following a military medical expert opinion that had found him unfit for service.\n\nOn 28 September 1995 the Lower Austrian Military Authority issued a conscription order (Stellungsbescheid) in respect of the applicant, ordering him to undergo another examination as to his ability to perform military service pursuant to section 24(8) of the Military Service Act (Wehrgesetz), as in force at the relevant time. As to the applicant\u2019s argument that he should be exempted from military service under section 24(3) of the Military Service Act, it noted that the applicant was not a member of a recognised religious society.\n\nThe applicant appealed against that order, claiming in particular that he should be dispensed from military service since he performed a function within the Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses which was equivalent to that of members of a recognised religious society who were exempted from military service under section 24(3) of the Military Service Act. To restrict such a privilege to members of recognised religious societies was not objectively justified and was therefore in breach of the Federal Constitution.\n\nOn 16 November 1995 the Federal Minister for Defence (Bundesminister f\u00fcr Landesverteidigung) dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal and confirmed the lower authority\u2019s decision.\n\nOn 8 January 1996 the applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof), requesting it to repeal the wording \u201crecognised religious societies\u201d in section 24(3) of the Military Service Act.\n\nOn 1 December 1997 the Constitutional Court refused to deal with the applicant\u2019s complaint for lack of prospects of success. It referred to an earlier decision by which it had found that the obligation to perform military or civilian service raised no concerns as regards compliance with Article 9 of the Convention.\n\nOn 26 March 1998 the Administrative Court (Verwaltungs-gerichtshof) dismissed the applicant\u2019s complaint. It noted that the applicant had solely complained about section 24(3) of the Military Service Act in conjunction with the 1998 Act on the Legal Status of Registered Religious Communities (Bundesgesetz \u00fcber die Rechtspers\u00f6nlichkeit von religi\u00f6sen Bekenntnisgemeinschaften \u2013 hereafter referred to as the \u201c1998 Act\u201d), which had entered into force on 10 January 1998. However, the Administrative Court had to limit its examination of the legality of the drafting order to the legal situation at the time when the order had been issued. Referring to the case-law quoted by the Constitutional Court, it found no concerns as regards the legality of the drafting order and therefore also no indication to institute proceedings to review constitutionality (Gesetzespr\u00fcfungsverfahren) as proposed by the applicant.\n\nOn 14 May 1998 the Lower Austrian Military Authority issued another conscription order for an examination of the applicant\u2019s fitness to perform military service.\n\nOn 19 May 1998 the applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court against the order. He submitted in particular that by virtue of the 1998 Act, the Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses had been granted the status of a \u201cregistered religious community\u201d. However, the ten-year period for a successful application for recognition under the Recognition Act (Anerkennungsgesetz), newly introduced by section 11 of the 1998 Act, lacked objective justification. Furthermore, it precluded any recognition for the following ten years. Since section 24(3) of the Military Service Act referred to \u201crecognised religious societies\u201d and restricted exemption from military service to members of recognised religious societies, the applicant again requested the Constitutional Court to revoke this limitation and also to revoke the ten-year period prescribed in section 11 of the 1998 Act.\n\nOn 8 June 1998 the Constitutional Court refused to deal with the complaint for lack of prospects of success. It further held that the provision of the 1998 Act referred to was not directly applicable to the case at issue.\n\nSubsequently, the applicant filed a request for recognition as a conscientious objector (Zivildiensterkl\u00e4rung), which was granted.\n\nBetween 1 February 1999 and 31 January 2000 he performed his civilian service in a social institution.\n\nOn 1 February 2000 the applicant joined the \u201cReligious Order of the Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses\u201d (Orden der Sondervollzeitdiener der Zeugen Jehovas), where he lived and worked as a preacher (Bethelmitarbeiter).\n\nIn February 2001 he left the order and continued to work as a preacher and deacon.", "applicant": "Philemon L\u00f6ffelmann", "offset": 1400, "idx_mapping": [1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 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| 1
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Otto Hennig was born in 1938 and lives in Oberwart/Austria. He is an auditor and tax consultant (Wirtschaftstreuhänder). In December 1989, the Salzburg Tax Office (Finanzamt), in the course of investigations into a large scale fraud relating to the “WEB/IMMAG” group, instituted criminal proceedings against 97 persons, requesting them to submit in writing their comments as suspects. On 14 December 1989 Otto Hennig, who in his professional capacity assisted the “WEB/IMMAG” group, wrote a letter to the Oberwart Tax Office. Therein he asked that his income tax declarations for the years 1985 to 1987 be corrected, so that the losses declared be cancelled, in particular ATS 541,585 for the year 1985; ATS 1 million for 1986 and ATS 220,000 for 1987.
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6739}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6769, "entity_id": "001-61325_a8_e71", "entity_mention_id": "001-61325_a8_em101", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 6756}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6831, "entity_id": "001-61325_a8_e72", "entity_mention_id": "001-61325_a8_em102", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 July 1997", "start_offset": 6819}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6862, "entity_id": "001-61325_a8_e71", "entity_mention_id": "001-61325_a8_em103", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 6849}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6960, "entity_id": "001-61325_a8_e73", "entity_mention_id": "001-61325_a8_em104", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2 October 1997", "start_offset": 6946}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Otto Hennig", "meta": {"applicant": "Otto Hennig", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-61325", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 41444/98) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Otto Hennig (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 20 March 1998.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Amhof, Damian and Partners, a law firm practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the criminal proceedings against him lasted unreasonably long in breach of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court).\n\nOn 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed First Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 23 May 2002 the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1938 and lives in Oberwart/Austria. He is an auditor and tax consultant (Wirtschaftstreuh\u00e4nder).\n\nIn December 1989, the Salzburg Tax Office (Finanzamt), in the course of investigations into a large scale fraud relating to the \u201cWEB/IMMAG\u201d group, instituted criminal proceedings against 97 persons, requesting them to submit in writing their comments as suspects.\n\nOn 14 December 1989 the applicant, who in his professional capacity assisted the \u201cWEB/IMMAG\u201d group, wrote a letter to the Oberwart Tax Office. Therein he asked that his income tax declarations for the years 1985 to 1987 be corrected, so that the losses declared be cancelled, in particular ATS 541,585 for the year 1985; ATS 1 million for 1986 and ATS 220,000 for 1987. He further asked that following a re-calculation of his income, new tax assessment orders be issued.\n\nInvestigations by the Tax Authorities against the applicant for tax evasion\n\nOn 27 and 28 December 1989 the Salzburg Tax Office informed the applicant that he was suspected of tax evasion in that he had acted as a sham holder of shares in three cases concerning the years 1985\u201387. It further invited him to submit his comments in writing.\n\nAfter the applicant's request of 15 January 1990 for an extension of the time-limit had been granted, he submitted his comments on 31 January 1990.\n\nUntil 29 October 1992 the Salzburg Tax Office for the Audit of Large-scale Companies (Gro\u00dfbetriebspr\u00fcfung) examined the \u201cWEB/IMMAG\u201d group.\n\nOn 22 March 1993 the Salzburg Tax Office requested the Oberwart Tax Office to transmit the applicant's tax file in order to determine the amount of evaded taxes.\n\nOn 17 May 1993 the Oberwart Tax Office replied to the Salzburg Tax Office that the file could not be transferred because of pending investigations.\n\nFollowing another request for transfer of the file by the Salzburg Tax Office on 23 July 1993, the Oberwart Tax Office, on 24 January 1994, replied that the file had been sent to the Vienna Tax Office for the Audit of Large-scale Companies and could only be transmitted after these investigations had been completed.\n\nUpon the Salzburg Tax Office's request of 28 January 1994, the Vienna Tax Office for the Audit of Large-scale Companies transferred the applicant's file on 25 May 1994.\n\nOn 3 June 1994 the Salzburg Tax Office informed the Salzburg Public Prosecutor's Office of the result of its investigations and requested that the applicant be prosecuted for tax evasion. It noted that the losses declared by the applicant for the years 1985\u20131989 (ATS 541,585 for the year 1985, ATS 1 million for 1986 and ATS 220,000 for 1987) resulted in tax evasion of ATS 327,016 for the year 1985, ATS 603,552 for 1986 and ATS 148,821 for 1987. Thus, the total amount of evaded taxes was ATS 1,079,389.\n\nOn 8 August 1994, when interrogated by the Oberwart District Court, the applicant stated that he wished to submit his comments in writing directly to the Salzburg Regional Court by 31 August 1994. On that date and on 30 September 1994, he requested extensions of the time-limit as he had fallen ill. On 27 January 1995 he submitted his comments and observations in writing.\n\n2. Court proceedings against the applicant\n\nOn 9 February 1995 the Public Prosecutor's Office preferred a bill of indictment against the applicant charging him with tax evasion of ATS 1,079,389 in that he had made false statements of losses in his income tax forms between 1985 and 1987 (ATS 541,585 for 1985; ATS 1 million for 1986 and ATS 220,000 for 1987). The bill of indictment comprised eleven pages.\n\nOn 31 March 1995, the presiding judge of the chamber dealing with the applicant's case informed the President of the Regional Court that he considered himself biased since he had been the deputy investigating judge in proceedings against other accused relating to the same case. On 21 June 1995, the President decided nevertheless that the presiding judge should not withdraw from the case.\n\nOn 4 September 1995 the applicant requested that the trial scheduled for 13 September 1995 be adjourned. This request was granted by the court.\n\nOn 22 November 1995 the Regional Court convicted the applicant of tax evasion, pursuant to Section 33 \u00a7 1 of the Code of Tax Offences (Finanzstrafgesetz). As regards the applicant's argument that he could not be punished because his letter of 14 December 1989 constituted \u201cself-denunciation\u201d of a tax offence resulting in exemption from punishment, the court observed that it had not been made in time because the tax authorities had already discovered the offence, and it had not been sufficiently detailed for the purposes of a \u201cself-denunciation\u201d.\n\nOn 29 October 1996 the written version of the judgment, comprising twelve pages, was served on the applicant's counsel. Thereupon, on 26 November 1996, the applicant filed a plea of nullity (Nichtigkeitsbeschwerde) and requested that the transcripts of the trial be corrected. On 4 February 1997, after having obtained various statements, the Salzburg Regional Court corrected the transcripts.\n\nOn 28 May 1997 the Procurator General (Generalprokurator) submitted his observations on the applicant's plea of nullity.\n\nOn 25 June 1997 the Supreme Court scheduled the hearing on the plea of nullity for 29 July 1997. On that day the Supreme Court dismissed the applicant's plea of nullity. This decision was pronounced orally. On 2 October 1997 the written version of the judgment, consisting of twelve pages, was served on the applicant's counsel.", "applicant": "Otto Hennig", "offset": 1549, "idx_mapping": [1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1549, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Jawad Botmehs were born in 1967 and 1965 respectively and, prior to their sentences of imprisonment, lived in Rugby. On 26 July 1994 a car-bomb exploded outside the Israeli Embassy in London and the following morning a second bomb went off outside the headquarters of a Jewish organisation, also in London. Jawad Botmehs and two others (subsequently acquitted) were arrested and charged with having participated in the conspiracy to make, place, and detonate these bombs. Ms Alami was a chemical engineer who admitted possessing other explosive devices and relevant literature. Mr Botmeh was an engineer who was alleged to have procured the two cars in which the bombs were delivered, and a large amount of TATP explosive (of a different type to that used in the two bombs) was found in a lock-up rented by him.
|
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Grainger", "start_offset": 529}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 576, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em11", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Foreign and Commonwealth Office", "start_offset": 545}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 834, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em12", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "31 May 2005", "start_offset": 823}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1141, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e13", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em13", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1967", "start_offset": 1137}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 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Davis", "start_offset": 21238}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 21258, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e75", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em120", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Johnson", "start_offset": 21251}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 21267, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e76", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em121", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Rowe", "start_offset": 21263}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 21274, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e73", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em122", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1993", "start_offset": 21270}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 23722, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e77", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em123", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "R. v. Keane", "start_offset": 23711}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 23729, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e60", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em124", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1994", "start_offset": 23725}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 23736, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e78", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em125", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "WLR", "start_offset": 23733}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25015, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em126", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "R. v. Turner", "start_offset": 25003}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25022, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e80", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em127", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1995", "start_offset": 25018}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25130, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e72", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em128", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "R. v. Ward", "start_offset": 25120}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 26567, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e81", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em129", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "England", "start_offset": 26560}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 26577, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e82", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em130", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Wales", "start_offset": 26572}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 26615, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e83", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em131", "entity_type": "MISC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Royal Assent", "start_offset": 26603}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 26630, "entity_id": "001-80932_a8_e84", "entity_mention_id": "001-80932_a8_em132", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "4 July 1996", "start_offset": 26619}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Jawad Botmeh", "meta": {"applicant": "Jawad Botmeh", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-80932", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 15187/03) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two Palestinian nationals, Mr Jawad Botmeh and Ms Samar Alami (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 11 May 2003.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Ms G. Peirce, a lawyer practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr J. Grainger, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicants alleged that the procedure at first instance and before the Court of Appeal, allowing non-disclosure of certain relevant evidence, was inconsistent with the Court's case-law and incompatible with Article 6 of the Convention.\n\nOn 31 May 2005 the Court decided to communicate the complaint under Article 6 to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants were born in 1967 and 1965 respectively and, prior to their sentences of imprisonment, lived in Rugby.\n\nOn 26 July 1994 a car-bomb exploded outside the Israeli Embassy in London and the following morning a second bomb went off outside the headquarters of a Jewish organisation, also in London.\n\nThe applicants and two others (subsequently acquitted) were arrested and charged with having participated in the conspiracy to make, place, and detonate these bombs. Ms Alami was a chemical engineer who admitted possessing other explosive devices and relevant literature. Mr Botmeh was an engineer who was alleged to have procured the two cars in which the bombs were delivered, and a large amount of TATP explosive (of a different type to that used in the two bombs) was found in a lock-up rented by him. The Crown's case was that both were members of, or sympathisers with, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) but, being dissatisfied with official policy, had become part of a breakaway English group. In evidence before the jury at trial, both appellants denied any involvement in the bombings but admitted having carried out experiments with TATP and model aircraft. The sole purpose, they said, was to develop and test techniques which could be used not in this country, but in the Occupied Territories. Both condemned the bombings, regarding them as short-sighted. They alleged that a Palestinian known to them as \u201cReeda\u201d, whom they were unable further to identify, had supplied the TATP found in the lock-up and accompanied Mr Botmeh to buy cars at auction. \u201cReeda\u201d was not mentioned by either applicant in the course of the police interviews, and his name came up for the first time during Mr Botmeh's evidence-in-chief. The Crown, pursuant to its duty to review disclosure during the trial, unsuccessfully tried to find evidence confirming his existence.\n\nAlthough the trial judge, following ex parte proceedings, ruled that certain documents should not be disclosed to the defence on grounds of public interest immunity, some intelligence information was disclosed before the trial, including material indicating that the bombs had been planted by an Iranian-backed terrorist organisation. This possibility was mentioned by the judge in his summing-up to the jury, as follows: \u201cUnless the bombs were the work of Iranian backed Hezbollah, who were named at one time by the media, although there was no evidence that they ever claimed responsibility or were, in fact, involved, we have to look elsewhere and ask whether these defendants were part of some breakaway group or faction and whether what they have said about their views and attitudes is, in fact, true. ... The question is, for you, did these three defendants, and almost certainly one or more people unknown to us, form their own English group rejecting the PLO, Fatta, PFLP non-violent policy and decide to paint the name of Palestine on the mountain again? Or was it an Islamic fundamentalist group with which these applicants have no connection seeking to damage Israel and, at the same time, to discredit the PLO? These are the things that we have to think about. ...\u201d\n\nOn 11 December 1996 both applicants were convicted and on 16 December 1996 they were sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment and recommended for deportation. They lodged appeals against conviction and sentence.\n\nOn 4 November 1997, eleven months after the conclusion of the trial, the applicant's solicitors drew the attention of the Crown Prosecution Service to a press article quoting a former intelligence officer, David Shayler, who declared that the United Kingdom's intelligence agency, MI5, had been warned by a reliable source prior to the embassy bombing that such an attack was imminent, but that the information had not been passed to the police. They requested the details of the warning and an interview with the \u201creliable source\u201d.\n\nOn 6 April 1998 the Crown Prosecution Service replied, indicating that an ex parte application was to be made to the Court of Appeal, on notice, in relation to the information relevant to the disclosure request which had been made.\n\nOn 8 May 1998 the Home Secretary signed a public interest immunity certificate in respect of a bundle of documents, confirming that these documents \u201cconcerned the part played by the Security Service in events prior to the prosecution of the defendants\u201d and that they \u201cpass the threshold test for disclosure in the criminal proceedings against the applicants\u201d (in other words, that they were relevant to the issues raised on appeal).\n\nIn March 1999, before granting leave to appeal, a division of the Court of Appeal (which did not include any of the judges who were later to preside over the substantive appeal) held an ex parte hearing to consider the material which the Crown sought to withhold pursuant to the Secretary of State's certificate, and which the Crown conceded had not been placed before the trial judge prior to, or during, the trial.\n\nThe same division of the Court of Appeal subsequently considered the applicants' oral application for leave to appeal, where it was submitted that the ex parte hearing which had already taken place was incompatible with Article 6 of the Convention. On 3 May 1999, the Court of Appeal granted leave to appeal against conviction on grounds relating to the lack of full disclosure.\n\nOn 23 September 1999 the defence served a further formal request for disclosure. In a letter dated 31 March 2000 the prosecution replied to the defence request, setting out the approach it had adopted to the disclosure of unused material and confirming its intention to make a further ex parte application to the Court of Appeal following inter partes submissions on the procedure to be followed. The letter indicated that the category into which the material appended to the Secretary of State's certificate was said to fall was \u201cagent material\u201d.\n\nThe substantive appeal was first listed for hearing on 24 October 2000. It began with inter partes submissions on the procedure to be followed. On behalf of the applicants it was submitted that it would be inconsistent with Article 6 of the Convention for the Court of Appeal to sit ex parte to consider material which had not been placed before the trial judge and then uphold a claim for public interest immunity and dismiss the appeal. The Court of Appeal invited the applicants' counsel to examine the material in question, subject to an undertaking not to disclose its contents to the applicants. After taking the advice of his professional association, counsel informed that court that no such undertaking could be given.\n\nThe Court of Appeal then concluded that it should view the material ex parte and rule on the claim for public interest immunity. Having done so, on 26 October 2000 it ordered the following summary of the undisclosed evidence to be released to the applicants and their representatives, but declined to order any further disclosure of the material in question: \u201cSome months prior to the bombing of the Israeli Embassy in London on 26/7/94, the Security Service and MPSB [Metropolitan Police Special Branch] had received information from an agent source that a terrorist organisation, unconnected to these appellants, was seeking information about the location and defences of the Israeli Embassy in London for a possible bombing attack. The Security Service and MPSB information was that such information regarding the Embassy was not provided to the terrorist organisation. Related intelligence received after the bombing attack indicated that the terrorist organisation had not, in fact, carried out the bombing. In relation to the Security Service the document containing the information was disseminated within the Security Service. However the particular document, for reasons of human error, was not placed on files subsequently shown to Counsel during the disclosure exercise. Other documents from the same source were placed before Counsel. Two of these other documents, both later in time than the original, were very similar. One of those documents contained a short reference to the information referred to above. Through oversight, of the two documents, the one not referring to the information was placed before [the trial judge] during the disclosure hearing. Following publicity in 1997 ensuing from the allegations of Mr Shayler, the Security Service papers were reviewed. The particular document was located on a file not seen by Counsel. The Security Service took immediate steps to bring the document to the attention of the CPS [Crown Prosecution Service] and Counsel. Regarding the SIS (MI6), with regard to the document received by the Security Service, a copy was passed by the Security Service to SIS. This was handled by the desk officer dealing with the terrorist group in question. This was not the same officer who was handling the CPS request for disclosure. The information was filed by the desk officer in a file containing information from the same source. The information did not emerge in the disclosure exercise carried out by SIS through human error. In relation to MPSB, the document recording the information was placed on a file germane to the main thrust of the information received, but it was not placed on a file connected to the Israeli Embassy or one which would have fallen within the Crown's disclosure strategy. There was a cross-reference to the document in a file received for disclosure which would have led to the document if noted, but the unusual physical position of the cross-reference on the file was such that it was over-looked during the disclosure exercise.\u201d\n\nThe hearing of the appeal was adjourned for reasons unconnected with the present application, and resumed almost a year later, on 16 October 2001, when the applicants repeated their submission that the present case was indistinguishable from Rowe and Davis v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 28901/95, ECHR 2000-II (see paragraphs 37-38 below), and that, in order to comply with Article 6 of the Convention, the Court of Appeal was required either to quash the conviction or order full disclosure of all relevant evidence not seen by the trial judge. In its judgment of 1 November 2001 ([2001] EWCA Crim 2226), the Court of Appeal rejected the argument that it could never be appropriate for it to conduct an ex parte hearing to determine a claim for public interest immunity in respect of material which had not been placed before the trial judge. It explained its approach in the disclosure proceedings as follows: \u201cWe turn next to the ex parte hearing which we held at the first stage of this appeal and its consequences. We considered the matter in relation to which the prosecution claimed public interest immunity before us in the context of all the matter before the trial judge, both disclosed on his order and undisclosed. We specifically bore in mind the grounds of appeal and the terms of the letter of 31st March 2000, from the CPS to the appellants' solicitors setting out their disclosure strategy in response to the solicitors' request for disclosure. We also specifically considered whether there was disclosable material relating to any warning by the Israeli ambassador or any involvement in the bombing by Mossad or in relation to bombings in Argentina in 1992 and 1994. Our approach was to consider whether there was a public interest in the non-disclosure of particular matter and, if there was, whether this was outweighed because it might, if disclosed, have helped the defence on issues raised by them at trial.... Because a year had elapsed between the first and second stages of this appeal we again, at the second stage, and in accordance with the same considerations, looked at the matter in relation to which public interest immunity was claimed. We also took into account the further submissions made on behalf of the appellants during the second stage of the appeal. We are unpersuaded that the Crown's system and strategy in relation to disclosure ... is flawed. In particular the suggestion that they adopted too narrow an approach is unsubstantiated. Having considered all the matter placed before us in this way, we were and are entirely satisfied about five things. First, prosecuting counsel have had access to everything they want to see and have examined all relevant and potentially material matter ... and they have continued to keep the need for disclosure under review. Secondly, the trial judge was correct to rule as he did in relation to the disclosure and non-disclosure of the matter before him. Thirdly, no one has attempted to conceal from this court any relevant or potentially material matter. Fourthly, public interest immunity has been rightly claimed in relation to the matter which we have seen, because it affects national security at the highest level and would, if disclosed, present a clear and immediate threat to life. Fifthly, apart from the two matters to which we shall refer, there is nothing of significance before this court which was not before the trial judge. Having ordered disclosure of these matters to the appellants, in a suitable form, and having heard submissions in relation to them, we are satisfied that no injustice was done to the appellants by not having access to that matter at trial. We say this, first, because the matter added nothing of significance to what was disclosed at trial and, secondly, because, for whatever reason, no attempt was made by the defence at trial to exploit, by adducing it in any form before the jury, the similar material in relation to the embassy which had been disclosed at trial. This included information, on the day before the bombing, that Hizbollah was planning attacks in London and Geneva and, after the bombing, that it had been carried out by Hizbollah using non\u2011Muslim mercenaries. Information was also disclosed that three named Iranians were involved in the bombing under the direction of the IRGC Chief in Europe and in relation to terrorist activity in Argentina in 1992 and 1994. At trial, no attempt was made to place this, or other disclosed material pointing to the possible involvement of other groups, before the jury. Whether this was because the principal issue at trial was whether Reeda existed and this information was inconsistent with the appellants' claim that Reeda was a Palestinian, or for some other reason, we do not know. We do not accept [counsel for the applicants'] submission that its vagueness or contradictory nature precluded its use if, otherwise, it was thought to help the defence. Expert evidence was called for the defence that the bombers could have come from many different places, though responsibility was not attributed to any particular group or organisation. There was also expert evidence that the organisation with which Alami was connected did not believe in violence outside Israel. The judge's summing-up rehearsed these matters in what [counsel for the applicants] called 'commendable detail' No complaint of any kind is directed to the summing-up. The jury could not have failed to realise that there were many possible candidates for carrying out bombings of this kind. The two matters which we ordered should be disclosed during the course of this appeal were, first, further information, prior to the bombings, suggesting that a terrorist organisation unconnected with the appellants may have been contemplating an attack on the Israeli Embassy and, secondly, an explanation as to the circumstances in which a document was not shown to counsel and a later document was not shown to the trial judge. As to the information, for the reasons already given, this would have had no impact on the trial. As to the explanation about the documents, which we accept, this disposed of any possible sinister implication: we do not take the view that deliberate malpractice is a necessary or proper inference from repeated human error, particularly in the light of the explanation given to us in the ex parte proceedings. Further, having seen the later document which the judge did not see, we are satisfied that it, like the similar, but not identical, document which he did see, was not a document which ought to have been, or should now be, disclosed: its terms, so far as they are material, are properly reflected in the information which we ordered to be disclosed. [Counsel for the applicants'] final submissions proceeded on the assumption that this court had seen material, not disclosed, tending to suggest that another English-based group unconnected with the appellants may have been involved in these bombings. All we say about that assumption is that, if it were correct, this court's obligations, at common law and under Article 6, would have required us to order its disclosure. We should also emphasise that assessment of the accuracy or reliability of the information disclosed is no part of this court's function.\u201d The Court of Appeal therefore concluded that there had been no breach of the applicants' Article 6 rights and no reason to regard their convictions as unsafe.\n\nThe applicants petitioned the House of Lords for leave to appeal against the judgment of the Court of Appeal, but were refused leave on 14 November 2002.\n\nB. Relevant domestic law and practice\n\nAt common law, the prosecution has a duty to disclose any material which has or might have some bearing on the offence charged. This duty extends to any earlier written or oral statement of a prosecution witness which is inconsistent with evidence given by that witness at the trial and statements of any witnesses potentially favourable to the defence.\n\nIn December 1981 the Attorney-General issued guidelines, which did not have force of law, concerning exceptions to the common-law duty to disclose to the defence evidence of potential assistance to it ((1982) 74 Crim App 302 \u2013 \u201cthe Guidelines\u201d)). According to the Guidelines, the duty to disclose was subject to a discretionary power for prosecuting counsel to withhold relevant evidence if it fell within one of the categories set out in paragraph 6. One of these categories (6(iv)) was \u201csensitive\u201d material which, because of its sensitivity, it would not be in the public interest to disclose. \u201cSensitive material\u201d was defined as follows: \u201c... (a) it deals with matters of national security; or it is by, or discloses the identity of, a member of the Security Services who would be of no further use to those services once his identity became known; (b) it is by, or discloses the identity of, an informant and there are reasons for fearing that the disclosure of his identity would put him or his family in danger; (c) it is by, or discloses the identity of, a witness who might be in danger of assault or intimidation if his identity became known; (d) it contains details which, if they became known, might facilitate the commission of other offences or alert someone not in custody that he is a suspect; or it discloses some unusual form of surveillance or method of detecting crime; (e) it is supplied only on condition that the contents will not be disclosed, at least until a subpoena has been served upon the supplier \u2013 e.g. a bank official; (f) it relates to other offences by, or serious allegations against, someone who is not an accused, or discloses previous convictions or other matters prejudicial to him; (g) it contains details of private delicacy to the maker and/or might create risk of domestic strife.\u201d\n\nIn R. v. Ward ([1993] 1 WLR 619), the Court of Appeal stressed that the court and not the prosecution was to decide whether or not relevant evidence should be retained on grounds of public interest immunity. It explained that \u201c... a judge is balancing on the one hand the desirability of preserving the public interest in the absence of disclosure against, on the other hand, the interests of justice. Where the interests of justice arise in a criminal case touching and concerning liberty or conceivably on occasion life, the weight to be attached to the interests of justice is plainly very great indeed\u201d.\n\nIn R. v. Davis, Johnson and Rowe ([1993] 1 WLR 613), the Court of Appeal held that it was not necessary in every case for the prosecution to give notice to the defence when it wished to claim public interest immunity, and outlined three different procedures to be adopted. The first procedure, which had generally to be followed, was for the prosecution to give notice to the defence that they were applying for a ruling by the court and indicate to the defence at least the category of the material which they held. The defence would then have the opportunity to make representations to the court. Secondly, however, where the disclosure of the category of the material in question would in effect reveal that which the prosecution contended should not be revealed, the prosecution should still notify the defence that an application to the court was to be made, but the category of the material need not be disclosed and the application should be ex parte. The third procedure would apply in an exceptional case where to reveal even the fact that an ex parte application was to be made would in effect be to reveal the nature of the evidence in question. In such cases the prosecution should apply to the court ex parte without notice to the defence.\n\nThe Court of Appeal observed that although ex parte applications limited the rights of the defence, in some cases the only alternative would be to require the prosecution to choose between following an inter partes procedure or declining to prosecute, and in rare but serious cases the abandonment of a prosecution in order to protect sensitive evidence would be contrary to the public interest. It referred to the important role performed by the trial judge in monitoring the views of the prosecution as to the proper balance to be struck and remarked that, even in cases in which the sensitivity of the information required an ex parte hearing, the defence had \u201cas much protection as can be given without pre-empting the issue\u201d. Finally, it emphasised that it was for the trial judge to continue to monitor the position as the trial progressed. Issues might emerge during the trial which affected the balance and required disclosure \u201cin the interests of securing fairness to the defendant\u201d. For this reason it was important for the same judge who heard any disclosure application also to conduct the trial.\n\nThe leading case on disclosure at the time of the applicants' trials was the judgment of the Court of Appeal in R. v. Keane ([1994] 1 WLR 746). The Lord Chief Justice, giving the judgment of the court, held that the prosecution should put before the judge only those documents which it regarded as material but wished to withhold on grounds of public interest immunity. \u201cMaterial\u201d evidence was defined as evidence which could be seen, \u201con a sensible appraisal by the prosecution: (1) to be relevant or possibly relevant to an issue in the case; (2) to raise or possibly raise a new issue whose existence is not apparent from the evidence which the prosecution proposes to use; (3) to hold out a real (as opposed to fanciful) prospect of providing a lead on evidence which goes to (1) or (2)\u201d.\n\nOnce the judge was seized of the material, he or she had to perform the balancing exercise between the public interest in non-disclosure and the importance of the documents to the issues of interest, or likely to be of interest, to the accused. If the disputed material might prove the defendant's innocence or avoid a miscarriage of justice, the balance came down firmly in favour of disclosing it. Where, on the other hand, the material in question would not be of assistance to the accused, but would in fact assist the prosecution, the balance was likely to be in favour of non-disclosure.\n\nIn the case of R. v. Turner ([1995] 1 WLR 264), the Court of Appeal returned to the balancing exercise, stating, inter alia: \u201cSince R. v. Ward ... there has been an increasing tendency for defendants to seek disclosure of informants' names and roles, alleging that those details are essential to the defence. Defences that the accused has been set up, and allegations of duress, which used at one time to be rare, have multiplied. We wish to alert judges to the need to scrutinise applications for disclosure of details about informants with very great care. They will need to be astute to see that assertions of a need to know such details, because they are essential to the running of the defence, are justified. If they are not so justified, then the judge will need to adopt a robust approach in declining to order disclosure. Clearly, there is a distinction between cases in which the circumstances raise no reasonable possibility that information about the informant will bear upon the issues and cases where it will. Again, there will be cases where the informant is an informant and no more; other cases where he may have participated in the events constituting, surrounding, or following the crime. Even when the informant has participated, the judge will need to consider whether his role so impinges on an issue of interest to the defence, present or potential, as to make disclosure necessary ...\u201d\n\nThe requirements of disclosure have since been set out in a statutory scheme. Under the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, which came into force in England and Wales immediately upon gaining Royal Assent on 4 July 1996, the prosecution must make \u201cprimary disclosure\u201d of all previously undisclosed evidence which, in the prosecutor's view, might undermine the case for the prosecution. The defendant must then give a defence statement to the prosecution and the court, setting out in general terms the nature of the defence and the matters on which the defence takes issue with the prosecution. The prosecution must then make a \u201csecondary disclosure\u201d of all previously undisclosed material \u201cwhich might reasonably be expected to assist the accused's defence as disclosed by the defence statement\u201d. Disclosure by the prosecution may be subject to challenge by the accused and review by the trial court.", "applicant": "Jawad Botmeh", "offset": 1109, "idx_mapping": [1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1109, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 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| 1
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1. Background to the case
Ingo Hub was born in 1964 and lives in Berlin. Ingo Hub is the father of a son (S.), born on 30 July 1990. In 1997 Ingo Hub and the child’s mother (K.) separated. S. remained with his mother.
|
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"001-92102_a8_em126", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "five years", "start_offset": 7389}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7592, "entity_id": "001-92102_a8_e78", "entity_mention_id": "001-92102_a8_em127", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "30 June 2004", "start_offset": 7580}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7678, "entity_id": "001-92102_a8_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-92102_a8_em128", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 7650}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7718, "entity_id": "001-92102_a8_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-92102_a8_em129", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 7690}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7751, "entity_id": "001-92102_a8_e80", "entity_mention_id": "001-92102_a8_em130", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "14 July 2004", "start_offset": 7739}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7769, "entity_id": "001-92102_a8_e81", "entity_mention_id": "001-92102_a8_em131", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 July 2004", "start_offset": 7757}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Ingo Hub", "meta": {"applicant": "Ingo Hub", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2009}, "doc_id": "001-92102", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 1182/05) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a German national, Mr Ingo Hub (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 4 January 2005.\n\nThe German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mrs A. Wittling-Vogel, Ministerialdirigentin, of the Federal Ministry of Justice.\n\nOn 22 April 2008 the Court declared the application partly inadmissible and decided to communicate the complaint concerning the length of the proceedings to the Government. It also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 3).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\n1. Background to the case\n\nThe applicant was born in 1964 and lives in Berlin.\n\nThe applicant is the father of a son (S.), born on 30 July 1990. In 1997 the applicant and the child\u2019s mother (K.) separated. S. remained with his mother. In 1998 the applicant and S.\u2019s mother were divorced.\n\nOn 21 January 1998 the Pankow District Court awarded K. sole custody of S. and decided that the applicant would be entitled to personal contact with his son every other weekend. In September 1998, however, the applicant ceased to have contact with his son.\n\n2. Proceedings before the District Court\n\nOn 7 October 1998 the applicant requested the Pankow District Court to impose a coercive fine on the mother to enforce his access rights. The District Court registered his request under file number 11 F 4813/98.\n\nBetween 9 November 1998 and 10 March 1999 the parties and the Youth Office submitted observations.\n\nOn 17 May 1999 the applicant withdrew his request and stated that he now wished the court to mediate between the parents with a view to reaching an agreement on the applicant\u2019s contact rights according to section 52a of the Non-Contentious Proceedings Act (Gesetz \u00fcber die Angelegenheiten der freiwilligen Gerichtsbarkeit \u2013 see \u201cRelevant Domestic Law\u201d below). The District Court pursued the applicant\u2019s modified request under the same file number (11 F 4813/98).\n\nOn 13 August 1999 the District Court heard S., who declared that he wished to see his father only occasionally under the supervision of a third person.\n\nAt a hearing held on 23 August 1999 the parents agreed on supervised contact for the applicant.\n\nOn 18 October 1999 the District Court held a further hearing at which the parties declared that the court currently did not need to take any action.\n\nOn 22 February 2000 the applicant applied for the appointment of a guardian ad litem and a contact supervisor (Umgangsbegleitperson) arguing that the mediation proceedings had failed.\n\nOn 10 March 2000 the District Court appointed a guardian ad litem and set down the case for hearing on 5 April 2000. However, that hearing was postponed to 15 May 2000 as agreed with the parties.\n\nOn 5 June 2000 a further hearing was held, and on 14 June 2000 the District Court ordered supervised contact for a period between late June and mid-December.\n\nOn 6 September 2000 the guardian ad litem informed the court that no contact had taken place.\n\nOn 28 September 2000 the District Court asked the contact supervisor to comment on the failure to have contact established between the applicant and his son. In October and November 2000 the District Court reminded the contact supervisor of its request of 28 September 2000 and unsuccessfully attempted to contact the latter by phone.\n\nOn 26 November 2000 the applicant asked the court to continue the proceedings.\n\nOn 11 December 2000 the District Court sent a further reminder to the contact supervisor and requested the parties to comment on the question as to whether the mediation proceedings should be continued.\n\nOn 5 January 2001 the applicant asked the District Court to continue the mediation procedure.\n\nOn 20 March 2001 the District Court decided to continue the proceedings after the parties had agreed on a one-off supervised contact.\n\nOn 6 July 2001 the contact centre informed the District Court that the contact supervisor had been replaced with another person, and on 11 July 2001 the District Court appointed that person as contact supervisor.\n\nOn 14 August 2001 the District Court received the contact supervisor\u2019s report, according to which S. refused to see his father.\n\nOn 22 September 2001 the applicant asked the District Court to declare that the mediation proceedings had failed and to commission an expert report.\n\nOn 22 November 2001 the District Court heard S. again, who firmly declared that his father no longer existed for him.\n\nOn 27 November 2001 the District Court commissioned a psychological expert report on the question of contact. That expert informed the court on 25 February 2002 that he could be biased. Accordingly, the mother\u2019s representative challenged the expert for bias on 26 March. On 10 April 2002 the District Court ordered the expert to stop his examinations, and on 6 June 2002 the mother withdrew her challenge of bias. On 13 June 2002 the District Court ordered the expert to continue his examinations.\n\nOn 11 September 2002 the District Court requested the expert to consider further questions raised by the applicant.\n\nOn 19 November 2002 the expert informed the court that K. had refused to attend a meeting with the expert until mid-January 2003. Subsequently, the District Court asked K. to ensure that a meeting was held by the end of 2002. On 2 January 2003 the District Court asked all persons involved in the proceedings to support the expert in the preparation of his report. On 16 January 2003 the expert informed the District Court that for the time being K. was unwilling to meet the expert. On 23 January 2003 the District Court ordered K. to cooperate with the expert within two months and announced that further measures would be taken in the event of non-compliance.\n\nOn 2 April 2003 the expert informed the court that a meeting had been held with K. on 13 March 2003, that the applicant and his son had called each other and that the applicant considered withdrawing his application.\n\nOn 30 April 2003, at the applicant\u2019s request of 11 April 2003, the District Court ordered the expert to swiftly continue his examination. On 30 June 2003 the expert gave his report in which he suggested a suspension of the applicant\u2019s contact with S. for a period of two years.\n\nOn 21 October 2003 the District Court heard S., who insisted that he did not wish to see his father any longer.\n\nAt an oral hearing held on 22 October 2003 the applicant announced that he would withdraw his application. However, on 19 November 2003 the applicant insisted on a court decision.\n\nOn 10 December 2003 the District Court, relying on the expert\u2019s report, suspended the applicant\u2019s rights to access for two years.\n\n3. Appellate proceedings and constitutional complaint\n\nOn 30 December 2003 the applicant appealed to the Berlin Court of Appeal, and on 18 January 2004 he submitted his statement of grounds of appeal, which the court received on 2 February 2004.\n\nOn 13 May 2004 the Berlin Court of Appeal upheld the decision of the District Court, arguing that S. had suffered from the persistent conflict between his parents about the applicant\u2019s contact rights and from the respective proceedings, which had been pending now for more than five years and which had led to lasting psychological damage to the child. In order to protect himself, the boy refused to expose himself to this conflict, by refusing to see his father.\n\nOn 30 June 2004 the applicant lodged a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court, which the Federal Constitutional Court refused to admit on 14 July 2004.\n\nOn 19 July 2004 the decision was served on the applicant.", "applicant": "Ingo Hub", "offset": 798, "idx_mapping": [798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 798, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Andrei Deak, Mr Andrei Deak, is a Romanian national who was born in 1956 and lives in Bucharest. Andrei Deak married C.D. (hereinafter referred to as “the mother”), also a Romanian national, in January 1998. In July 1998 their son C.A. (hereinafter referred to as “the child”) was born.
|
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"Central Authorities of the Contracting States", "start_offset": 25229}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25359, "entity_id": "001-86729_a8_e124", "entity_mention_id": "001-86729_a8_em247", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Central Authorities", "start_offset": 25340}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 25603, "entity_id": "001-86729_a8_e124", "entity_mention_id": "001-86729_a8_em248", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Central Authorities", "start_offset": 25584}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 25721, "entity_id": "001-86729_a8_e124", "entity_mention_id": "001-86729_a8_em249", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Central Authorities", "start_offset": 25702}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Andrei Deak", "meta": {"applicant": "Andrei Deak", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 57, 34, 93], "countries": "ROU;GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2008}, "doc_id": "001-86729", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 19055/05) against Romania and the United Kingdom lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Romanian national, Mr Andrei Deak (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 24 May 2005.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Ms Diana-Elena Dragomir, a lawyer practising in Bucharest. The Romanian Government were represented by their Agent at the time, Ms Ruxandra Pasoi, and the United Kingdom\u2019s Government were represented by their Agent, Ms Emily Willmott.\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, a breach of his rights guaranteed by Article 6 and Article 8 of the Convention.\n\nOn 16 March 2007 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the respondent Governments. Under the provisions of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant, Mr Andrei Deak, is a Romanian national who was born in 1956 and lives in Bucharest.\n\nThe applicant married C.D. (hereinafter referred to as \u201cthe mother\u201d), also a Romanian national, in January 1998. In July 1998 their son C.A. (hereinafter referred to as \u201cthe child\u201d) was born.\n\nIn November 2000 they divorced and according to the divorce agreement between them, endorsed by a final court judgment, the mother was to have custody of the child, while the applicant obtained a right of access of 82 days per year and was to pay a monthly allowance.\n\nIn September 2002 the mother travelled to England to commence studying for a Master degree in Business and Administration and left the child in Romania with her parents.\n\nIn November 2002 the mother married a British national. She later returned to Romania and on 23 December 2002, without informing the applicant, took the child with her to London.\n\nThe applicant found out about the child\u2019s removal from Romania to the United Kingdom in January 2003.\n\nOn 6 February 2003 he instituted proceedings in London before the High Court of Justice, Family Division (\u201cthe High Court\u201d), under the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (\u201cthe Hague Convention\u201d). The child and the mother were located by the British authorities; however, their place of residence was not disclosed to the applicant.\n\nA directions hearing was held on 27 February 2003 before the High Court at which the parties were requested to file observations on the question whether the removal of the child from Romania was wrongful under Romanian law within the meaning of Article 3 of the Hague Convention. The judge in charge of the case also directed that the matter be set down for final hearing on 11 April 2003.\n\nOn 11 April 2003 the parties received permission to file further evidence.\n\nBy the time of the next hearing, on 9 May 2003, the High Court was presented by the applicant with documentary evidence emanating from the Ministry of Justice, the Romanian President\u2019s Office, the Child Protection Authority and the Ombudsman, according to which the child\u2019s removal was wrongful under Romanian law. However, the court was not convinced and, in accordance with Article 15 of the Hague Convention, requested a Romanian court decision on the matter.\n\nOn 11 June 2003 the applicant instituted civil proceedings before the Bucharest Third District Court (\u201cDistrict Court\u201d) seeking a ruling that the child\u2019s removal from Romania had been illegal.\n\nOn 16 July 2003 the applicant introduced a new application before the same court seeking a ruling that the child\u2019s removal was contrary to Article 3 of the Hague Convention because he also had custody rights over the child.\n\nOn 1 September 2003 the District Court held the first hearing in respect of the applicant\u2019s first action; however, as a result of the mother\u2019s request for an adjournment, the proceedings were adjourned until 8 December 2003.\n\nOn 29 September 2003 the Romanian Ministry of Justice wrote to the High Court in London, informing it that the Romanian courts had exclusive competence in issuing decisions in accordance with Article 15 of the Hague Convention.\n\nOn 30 September 2003 the District Court in Bucharest held the first hearing in respect of the second action and adjourned the case on the grounds that the applicant had failed to sign the application and that the mother had failed to sign her request for an adjournment.\n\nOn 2 October 2003 the High Court in London resumed its examination of the case. The judge in charge of the case indicated that since his decision of May 2003 a number of documents from Romania had become available which seemed to indicate that the child\u2019s removal from Romania by his mother was wrongful, and that, had these documents been available earlier, he would not have sought a declaration under Article 15 of the Hague Convention. Nevertheless, in view of the fact that the proceedings in Romania had commenced, and in view of the letter from the Romanian Ministry of Justice of 29 September 2003 it was decided to adjourn the proceedings to a date after 8 December 2003 (the date on which the District Court in Bucharest was to hear the case). The judge expressed concern about the time that had elapsed in the proceedings and indicated that if the 8 December hearing in Romania was not conclusive he would discharge the order he had made in May and proceed to adjudication.\n\nOn 31 October 2003 the mother submitted her observations concerning the applicant\u2019s actions in the Romanian proceedings and introduced a counter-action seeking, inter alia, a ruling that the applicant did not have a right of custody over the child and that he did not have the right to decide on the child\u2019s place of domicile.\n\nOn 8 December 2003 the District Court in Bucharest adjourned the hearing at the applicant\u2019s request so that he could examine the mother\u2019s observations and the counter-action lodged by her. On the same date the two actions lodged by the applicant and the mother\u2019s counter-action were joined.\n\nOn 19 December 2003 the judge at the High Court in London, having learned that the final determination of the case before the Romanian court had yet again been put back, made an order that the final hearing in London should take place \u201cas a matter of urgency\u201d in January 2004.\n\nOn 5 January 2004 the District Court in Bucharest adopted a final ruling in the case and declared inadmissible the applicant\u2019s actions without entering into the merits of the case. It decided not to examine the mother\u2019s counter-action. Both parties appealed against the judgment.\n\nOn 14 January 2004 the proceedings in London were adjourned at the request of the parties to 1 March 2004 to allow time for receipt of the written reasons from the Romanian court.\n\nOn 20 January 2004 the District Court in Bucharest delivered its judgment and on 3 and 5 February the parties appealed against it.\n\nOn 6 February 2004 the case file was transmitted by the District Court to the Bucharest Court of Appeal and the latter fixed 6 April as the date of the hearing in the case.\n\nOn 23 February 2004 the applicant requested the Bucharest Court of Appeal to speed up the proceedings in view of the proceedings pending in London. His request was granted and the date of the hearing was set for 16 March 2004.\n\nOn 1 March 2004 the applicant applied for an adjournment in the High Court proceedings in London pending determination of the case by the Bucharest Court of Appeal. His request was granted and the judge in charge of the case ordered that the final hearing should take place as soon as possible after receipt of an authorised translation of the decision of the Bucharest Court of Appeal.\n\nOn 15 March 2004 the mother filed her observations with the Bucharest Court of Appeal.\n\nOn 16 March 2004 the applicant\u2019s representative requested an adjournment from the Bucharest Court of Appeal in order to study the mother\u2019s observations.\n\nOn 11 May 2004 the Bucharest Court of Appeal held a hearing in the case and heard submissions from the parties. The pronouncement of the judgment was adjourned to 25 May 2004.\n\nOn 25 May 2004 the Fourth Section of the Bucharest Court of Appeal quashed the judgment of the first-instance court in part. It examined the applicant\u2019s action on the merits and dismissed it as ill-founded, finding that the applicant did not have custody rights over the child and that the child\u2019s removal from Romania was legal under domestic law and not wrongful within the meaning of Article 3 of the Hague Convention. The judgment of the Court of Appeal was communicated to the parties on 19 July 2004.\n\nOn 3 August 2004 the applicant lodged an appeal on points of law with the Court of Cassation (\u00cenalta Curte de Casa\u0163ie \u015fi Justi\u0163ie) against the judgment of the Bucharest Court of Appeal.\n\nOn 16 August 2004 the case file was sent by the Bucharest Court of Appeal to the Court of Cassation of Romania.\n\nOn three occasions between November 2004 and March 2005 the applicant lodged requests with the Court of Cassation asking it for a speedier examination of his case on grounds of the urgency of the matter.\n\nIt appears that during that period the Romanian Code of Civil Procedure was undergoing changes and that it was not clear which court was competent under the new rules to examine the applicant\u2019s appeal on points of law. On 16 March 2005 the Court of Cassation declined jurisdiction in favour of the Bucharest Court of Appeal and on 28 March the case file was sent back to that court.\n\nThe Bucharest Court of Appeal scheduled the first hearing in the case for 16 June 2005.\n\nOn 13 May 2005 the applicant requested that the proceedings be speeded up in view of an upcoming hearing in the London proceedings. On 19 May the applicant\u2019s request was upheld and the hearing was rescheduled for 26 May 2005.\n\nOn 26 May 2005 the Third Section of the Bucharest Court of Appeal held a hearing; however, it decided to adjourn the proceedings to 9 June 2005.\n\nOn 9 June 2005 the Court of Appeal resumed the examination of the case and dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal on points of law. It found, inter alia, that, under Romanian family law, after divorce the parents of a child do not have equal rights in respect of their child. In particular, the parent who has custody of the child does not need the consent of the other parent in respect of measures concerning the child except for matters relating to adoption and/or losing or re-obtaining Romanian nationality. The parent who does not enjoy custody cannot veto a decision of the other parent concerning the child\u2019s domicile. Accordingly, the removal of the child from Romania by the mother was lawful under Romanian law.\n\nIn July 2005, after the Romanian proceedings had ended and the final Romanian judgment had become available in English, the High Court in London resumed its proceedings and listed the case for a final hearing on 3 and 4 August 2005.\n\nOn 1 August 2005 the judge in charge of the case at the High Court in London acceded to the applicant\u2019s application for an expert opinion on the law of Romania. The expert was to file his report by 16 September 2005.\n\nBoth parties agreed to instruct Dr Mihai to draft a report on Romanian family law and on 14 September 2005 the High Court confirmed the joint instructions to the expert and the time for lodging of the expert report was extended to 7 October 2005 with the final hearing listed for 14 October 2005.\n\nOn 28 September 2005 the High Court in London extended the time-limit for the expert report to 11 October and relisted the case for 31 October 2005.\n\nThe expert\u2019s report was ready on 11 October 2005; however, the parties wished to put more questions to him. Therefore, on 31 October 2005, on an application from the applicant, the court adjourned the proceedings to 8 December 2005 and made further procedural directions in relation to any further questions to be put to the expert.\n\nOn 8 December 2005 the final hearing was listed before the High Court in London for 28 February and 1 March 2006.\n\nOn 28 February and 1 March 2006 the High Court held the final hearings in the case and gave judgment on 28 March 2006. The court found in favour of the applicant, choosing to rely on the expert opinion and to disregard the decisions of the Romanian courts. It found that the applicant had custody rights within the meaning of Article 5 of the Hague Convention and that therefore the child\u2019s removal from Romania had been wrongful under Article 3 of the same Convention. The court also rejected an objection based on Article 13(b) of the Hague Convention raised by the mother and issued an order for the return of the child to Romania.\n\nOn 7 April 2006 the mother sought leave to appeal. This was granted on 10 April 2006 and the case was fixed for hearing in the Court of Appeal on 25 May 2006.\n\nOn 25 May 2006 the Court of Appeal heard and dismissed the mother\u2019s appeal while varying the order for the peremptory return of the child until the end of the school term.\n\nThe mother appealed to the House of Lords. Her appeal was heard between 9 and 11 October 2006 and on 16 November 2006 the House of Lords gave judgment allowing the appeal. The House of Lords reversed the judgment of the High Court, finding that the applicant did not have custody rights within the meaning of Article 5 of the Hague Convention and that therefore the child\u2019s removal from Romania was not wrongful under Article 3 of the same Convention. The House of Lords criticised the decision of the High Court to seek a further expert opinion after having obtained a final decision on the matter from the Romanian courts and expressed regret about the length of the proceedings.\n\nLord Hope of Craighead observed, inter alia, that: \u201cArticle 15 of the Convention contemplates that the court may need to be provided with a determination from the authorities of the state of the child\u2019s habitual residence that the removal was wrongful. So a judge is not to be criticised if he decides to use this procedure because he cannot responsibly resolve the issue on the information provided by the applicant. Nevertheless if he decides on this course delay will be inevitable. Great care must therefore be taken, in the child\u2019s best interests, to keep this to the absolute minimum. The misfortunes that have beset this case show that, once the court has received the response, it should strive to treat the information which it receives as determinative. In this case the response that was received from Romania was sufficient to show that the child\u2019s removal was not wrongful within the meaning of article 3. On 9 June 2005 the final Court of Appeal of Bucharest, upholding the court of first appeal, stated in the clearest terms that, under the law as it then stood in Romania, termination of marriage through divorce brings joint custody to an end, that cases where the agreement of the parties is required about a measure which the parent with custody proposes are limited, and that none of the rights that the father had been granted on divorce gave him a right of veto or to decide the child\u2019s place of residence. It is wholly understandable that the father should feel aggrieved by what has happened in this case. The effect on his ability to exercise his rights of access is plain to see. But the phrase \u201crights of custody\u201d has been given a particular definition by the Convention. It is only if there has been a breach of rights of custody as so defined that the removal can be described as wrongful for its purposes. The information provided by the Romanian court shows that, as the law stood at the time of the child\u2019s removal, the father had no such rights.\u201d\n\nBaroness Hale of Richmond commented, inter alia, that: \u201c...the Bucharest Court of Appeal concluded that the removal of the child in December 2002 had not been wrongful... How then should the courts of the requested state respond to such a determination? Most certainly not as they did in this case. Having received a determination, binding between the parties, in the final court of the requesting state, the English High Court proceeded in effect to allow the father to challenge that ruling by adducing fresh expert evidence. The fact that the expert was jointly instructed does not cure the vice.\u201d\n\nLord Carswell stated that: \u201cIt was quite wrong to permit the father to adduce further expert evidence from Dr Mihai which challenged not only the conclusion but the statement of the content of the father\u2019s rights set out in the judgment of the Romanian court. The English court should have considered the terms of the judgment itself, without any subsequently obtained expert evidence. If it had done so it could only have come to the same conclusion as the Romanian court, even without applying any presumption in its favour.\u201d\n\nLord Brown commented as follows: \u201cThis is an extraordinary case. It is, we are told, unique in the length of time which elapsed before the judge\u2019s order for the child\u2019s summary return to Romania (over three years after the commencement of Hague Convention proceedings); and unique too in being the only case in which a United Kingdom court has rejected a foreign court\u2019s article 15 determination that the child\u2019s removal was not in the event wrongful within the meaning of article 3... In circumstances like these it seems to me almost inconceivable that the court requesting the article 15 determination would then not simply accept it. Certainly there would need to be some compelling reason to reject it such as a flagrant breach of the rules of natural justice in the foreign judicial process or a manifest misdirection as to the autonomous meaning of the Convention term \u201crights of custody\u201d. There is nothing of that sort here. On the contrary, the judge - neither Johnson J (who had requested the determination) nor Hogg J (who later ordered the child\u2019s return to Romania) - on 1 August 2005, acting merely on the father\u2019s request, ordered that an expert in Romanian law be jointly instructed by both parties to cover exactly the same ground as the Romanian Appeal Courts had themselves just covered...\u201d\n\nThroughout the entire proceedings in the United Kingdom the applicant was allowed to meet his child on a number of occasions in special contact centres for periods not exceeding two hours. According to him, however, over the last four years he has only been able to spend about thirty hours with his son.\n\nIt does not appear that the applicant ever applied to the United Kingdom courts in order to obtain a judgment from them giving him access to the child. However, on an unspecified date in 2007 he applied to the High Court in London for the recognition of the Romanian judgment of November 2000 (see paragraph 7 above). The Court is not aware of the outcome of those proceedings.\n\nII. RELEVANT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW\n\nThe relevant provisions of the Romanian Family Code read as follows: Article 43\n\nThe divorced parent who was entrusted with the child shall exercise the parental rights...\n\nThe divorced parent, who was not entrusted with the child, keeps the right to have personal ties with the child, as well as to observe his or her bringing up, education, studies and professional instruction.\n\nThe relevant provisions of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction provide: Article 3 \u201cThe removal or the retention of a child is to be considered wrongful where \u2013 a) it is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person, an institution or any other body, either jointly or alone, under the law of the State in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention; and b) at the time of removal or retention those rights were actually exercised, either jointly or alone, or would have been so exercised but for the removal or retention. The rights of custody mentioned in sub-paragraph a above, may arise in particular by operation of law or by reason of a judicial or administrative decision, or by reason of an agreement having legal effect under the law of that State.\u201d Article 5 \u201cFor the purposes of this Convention \u2013 a) \u2019rights of custody\u2019 shall include rights relating to the care of the person of the child and, in particular, the right to determine the child\u2019s place of residence; b) \u2019rights of access\u2019 shall include the right to take a child for a limited period of time to a place other than the child\u2019s habitual residence.\u201d Article 7 \u201cCentral Authorities shall co-operate with each other and promote co-operation amongst the competent authorities in their respective States to secure the prompt return of children and to achieve the other objects of this Convention. In particular, either directly or through any intermediary, they shall take all appropriate measures - a) to discover the whereabouts of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained; b) to prevent further harm to the child or prejudice to interested parties by taking or causing to be taken provisional measures; c) to secure the voluntary return of the child or to bring about an amicable resolution of the issues; d) to exchange, where desirable, information relating to the social background of the child; e) to provide information of a general character as to the law of their State in connection with the application of the Convention; f) to initiate or facilitate the institution of judicial or administrative proceedings with a view to obtaining the return of the child and, in a proper case, to make arrangements for organizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access; g) where the circumstances so require, to provide or facilitate the provision of legal aid and advice, including the participation of legal counsel and advisers; h) to provide such administrative arrangements as may be necessary and appropriate to secure the safe return of the child; i) to keep other each other informed with respect to the operation of this Convention and, as far as possible, to eliminate any obstacles to its application.\u201d Article 8 \u201cAny person, institution or other body claiming that a child has been removed or retained in breach of custody rights may apply either to the Central Authority of the child\u2019s habitual residence or to the Central Authority of any other Contracting State for assistance in securing the return of the child...\u201d Article 10 \u201cThe Central Authority of the State where the child is shall take or cause to be taken all appropriate measures in order to obtain the voluntary return of the child.\u201d Article 11 \u201cThe judicial or administrative authorities of Contracting States shall act expeditiously in proceedings for the return of children. If the judicial or administrative authority concerned has not reached a decision within six weeks from the date of commencement of the proceedings, the applicant or the Central Authority of the requested State, on its own initiative or if asked by the Central Authority of the requesting State, shall have the right to request a statement of the reasons for the delay. If a reply is received by the Central Authority of the requested State, that Authority shall transmit the reply to the Central Authority of the requesting State, or to the applicant, as the case may be.\u201d Article 13 \u201cNotwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, the judicial or administrative authority of the requested State is not bound to order the return of the child if the person, institution or other body which opposes its return establishes that \u2013 a) the person, institution or other body having the care of the person of the child was not actually exercising the custody rights at the time of removal or retention, or had consented to or subsequently acquiesced in the removal of retention; or b) there is a grave risk that his or her return would expose the child to physical or psychological harm or otherwise place the child in an intolerable situation. The judicial or administrative authority may also refuse to order the return of the child if it finds that the child objects to being returned and has attained an age and degree of maturity at which it is appropriate to take account of its views. In considering the circumstances referred to in this Article, the judicial and administrative authorities shall take into account the information relating to the social background of the child provided by the Central Authority or other competent authority of the child\u2019s habitual residence.\u201d Article 15 \u201cThe judicial or administrative authorities of a Contracting State may, prior to the making of an order for the return of the child, request that the applicant obtain from the authorities of the State of the habitual residence of the child a decision or other determination that the removal or retention was wrongful within the meaning of Article 3 of the Convention, where such a decision or determination may be obtained in that State. The Central Authorities of the Contracting States shall so far as practicable assist applicants to obtain such a decision or determination.\u201d Article 21 \u201cAn application to make arrangements for organizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access may be presented to the Central Authorities of the Contracting States in the same way as an application for the return of a child. The Central Authorities are bound by the obligations of co-operation which are set forth in Article 7 to promote the peaceful enjoyment of access rights and the fulfilment of any conditions to which the exercise of those rights may be subject. The Central Authorities shall take steps to remove, as far as possible, all obstacles to the exercise of such rights. The Central Authorities, either directly or through intermediaries, may initiate or assist in the institution of proceedings with a view to organizing or protecting these rights and securing respect for the conditions to which the exercise of these rights may be subject.\u201d", "applicant": "Andrei Deak", "offset": 997, "idx_mapping": [997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 997, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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The first applicant, Mrs Mary Wainwright, is a United Kingdom national, who was born in 1953 and lives in Leeds. The second applicant, her son Mr Alan Wainwright, is a United Kingdom national, who was born in 1975 and lives in Leeds. He has cerebral palsy and severe arrested social and intellectual development. He was defined as a “patient” within the meaning of the Mental Health Act 1983 and as such lacked the capacity to bring or defend legal proceedings. His application to the Court was made through the first applicant, who acted as his “litigation friend” throughout the domestic proceedings.
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"CHAMBER", "year": 2006}, "doc_id": "001-76999", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 12350/04) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two British nationals, Mary and Alan Wainwright (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 2 April 2004.\n\nThe applicants, who had been granted legal aid, were represented by Mr D. Reston, a lawyer practising in York, and Mr I. Christie, a barrister practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr D. Walton, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicants complained that they had been strip-searched when seeking to visit a relative in prison, relying on Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention, and that they had had no effective remedy as required by Article 13 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Fourth Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 13 December 2005, the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nThe applicant, but not the Government, filed further observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 3 in fine). The Government made comments on just satisfaction.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe first applicant, Mrs Mary Wainwright, is a United Kingdom national, who was born in 1953 and lives in Leeds. The second applicant, her son Mr Alan Wainwright, is a United Kingdom national, who was born in 1975 and lives in Leeds. He has cerebral palsy and severe arrested social and intellectual development. He was defined as a \u201cpatient\u201d within the meaning of the Mental Health Act 1983 and as such lacked the capacity to bring or defend legal proceedings. His application to the Court was made through the first applicant, who acted as his \u201clitigation friend\u201d throughout the domestic proceedings.\n\nIn August 1996, Patrick O\u2019Neill (the first applicant\u2019s son and the second applicant\u2019s half-brother) was arrested on suspicion of murder and detained on remand at HMP Armley, Leeds. Following a report by a senior prison officer raising suspicions that Mr O\u2019Neill was involved in the supply and use of drugs within the prison, on 23 December 1996 the governor ordered, inter alia, that all Mr O\u2019Neill\u2019s visitors be strip-searched before visits.\n\nUnaware of the governor\u2019s orders, on 2 January 1997 the applicants attended Armley Prison to visit Mr O\u2019Neill. Until then, neither of them had previously been to a prison. On presentation of their visiting orders, the applicants were requested to join the queue of visitors lined up by a security barrier. As requested, they removed their coats and placed them with their bags on a conveyor belt to be X-rayed. They were then frisked and searched by metal detector. Whilst waiting with other visitors in a corridor to go inside, a number of prison officers approached them and told the applicants to follow them. They were taken across the courtyard from the south gatehouse by four or five prison officers. The second applicant asked his mother what was happening. As they approached the north gatehouse, one of the officers stated that they had reason to believe that the applicants were carrying contraband. When the first applicant asked what this meant, she was told that he was referring to drugs.\n\nAt the north gatehouse, the applicants were taken through another security barrier and up some stairs to the first floor. They were informed that they would be strip-searched and that if they refused they would be denied their visit to Mr O\u2019Neill. The second applicant was beginning to be distressed and the first applicant tried to calm him down. They were then taken to separate rooms for the searches.\n\nA. The search of the first applicant\n\nThe first applicant was taken by two female officers into a small room which had windows overlooking the road in front of the prison and the administration block beyond it. It was dark outside and the lights in the room were on. There were lights on in the building, which led the first applicant to believe that people were still working in the administration block. Although there were roller blinds on the windows, they were not pulled down. The first applicant was told to take off her jumper and vest. One of the officers searched them whilst the other officer walked around her, examining her naked upper body. She was then instructed to remove her shoes, socks and trousers, which she did. At this point, a third female officer entered the room. This officer asked where the consent forms were, and was told by one of the officers where to find them. In answer to a question from the first applicant, the third officer confirmed that the form was for the second applicant. The first applicant explained that it would be no use to him because of his learning difficulties, particularly with reading and understanding, and that someone else needed to be there to explain to him what was happening. The third officer then left and the search of the first applicant continued. By this time she was crying. She was standing naked apart from her underwear. On her request, she was returned her vest and allowed to put it back on. She was told to pull down her underwear which she did and then told to spread her legs. She was then told to take one leg out of her underwear so her legs could be spread wider. She was told to bend forward and her sexual organs and anus were visually examined. The officer inspecting her body then asked the first applicant to pull her vest up again, asking for it to be raised higher and higher until it was above her breasts. The first applicant asked why that was necessary since they had already inspected her top half. The officer ignored her and continued walking around her body. She was then told to put her clothes back on.\n\nBy the end of the search, the first applicant was shaking and visibly distressed. She believed that anyone outside the prison looking at the windows in the room where she was being strip-searched could have seen her in a state of undress. She was worried that if she protested too much she would not be allowed in to visit Mr O\u2019Neill. She was also worried about what was happening to the second applicant. Although none of the officers touched her, she felt threatened by their actions and considered that she had no alternative but to comply with their instructions.\n\nAfter she had been told to put her clothes back on, one of the officers approached the first applicant and asked her to sign the form to consent to a strip-search (F2141). Attached to the consent form is a summary of the procedure to be carried out. The first applicant told the officers that she might as well sign it as there was by that stage nothing else the officers could do to her and she then did so without reading it.\n\nB. The search of the second applicant\n\nThe second applicant was taken to a separate room by two male officers. At first he refused to go into the room but was told that he would not get to see his brother if he did not agree. Once in the room, one of the officers put on a pair of rubber gloves. This frightened the second applicant who feared that there would be a search of his rectum. As requested, he removed the clothes from the upper half of his body and they were searched. He was subjected to a finger search, which included poking a finger into his armpits. The prison officers then told the second applicant to remove the clothes from the lower half of his body. At first he refused to remove his boxer shorts. He was by this stage crying and shaking. He reluctantly removed his boxer shorts and was told to spread his legs. Because of his physical disability, he had to balance with one hand on the wall to do so. One of the prison officers looked all around his naked body, lifted up his penis and pulled back the foreskin. He was then allowed to get dressed.\n\nAfter this, one prison officer left the room and returned with a consent form. When presented with it, the second applicant explained that he could not read and that he wanted his mother to read it to him. The officers ignored this request and said that if he did not sign the form he would not be allowed in to visit his brother. He signed the form.\n\nThe applicants were led back to the prison to proceed with their visit. During the visit, the first applicant told Mr O\u2019Neill what had happened. The first applicant went into the toilet where she cried and vomited about four times. The second applicant felt shaken and nervous and was upset. The applicants did not stay for the full length of their visit.\n\nC. Effects of the searches\n\nRegarding the first applicant, on returning home, she removed her clothes and bathed because she felt upset, angry and dirty. Because of her experience, she did not visit Mr O\u2019Neill for a further four months. In October 1998, in the context of the civil proceedings, she was examined by Dr Sims, Professor of Psychiatry. At that time (approximately twenty-one months after the incident), the first applicant stated that she still thought about the strip-search about once a week, continued to get upset about it, remained angry about what had happened and had difficulty sleeping. Dr Sims considered that the severe upset that she had experienced in the prison made her existing depression (for which she was receiving medication at the time of the visit) worse, but that, apart from recurrent intrusive recollections of her time at the prison and psychological distress at anything that resembled her experience, she did not show other symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He concluded that, as a result of her aversive experience in the prison, the first applicant would be more vulnerable to future traumatic events and more prone to depressive reaction.\n\nAs for the second applicant, on his return home from the visit, he went to his bedroom crying. For about five weeks after the incident, he would not see his girlfriend, baby son, friends or anyone else and spent large amounts of his time in his bedroom. He was also examined by Dr Sims in October 1998. At this time, he stated that he was still feeling bad about the incident, had difficulty sleeping, and had nightmares about going into the room at the prison and of being strip-searched. He thought about being in prison almost continuously and broke out in a sweat and felt frightened when he recalled the incident. During a subsequent visit, he saw some of the same officers who had strip-searched him and became very frightened. In addition, he became afraid to leave the house alone and therefore stayed at home, only going out with his mother, the first applicant. He lost interest in his previous activities, showed irritability and hypervigilance.\n\nDr Sims concluded that the second applicant was suffering from PTSD (scoring 15 on the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) scale, where 10 would indicate presence of PTSD) and had a depressive illness. He found that both illnesses had been substantially caused by his strip-search experience. He found that the second applicant had experienced the strip-search as a threat to his physical integrity, believing that he was going to experience anal penetration, to which he had responded with fear and a feeling of hopelessness. His symptoms were severely impairing his ability for social functioning. Dr Sims concluded that even after recovery the second applicant would remain vulnerable to further symptoms with lesser provocation than previously.\n\nIn April 2000, the second applicant was further examined by Dr Sims. He concluded that he was still suffering from post traumatic stress disorder (which in fact was more severe, measuring 18 on the DSM scale) and depressive illness. He predicted some improvement, with appropriate treatment, within one to two years.\n\nD. Civil proceedings\n\nOn 23 April 2001 the County Court upheld the applicants\u2019 civil claims against the Home Office, holding that the searches constituted a trespass to the person which could not be justified by Rule 86 \u00a7 1 of the Prison Rules (see Relevant domestic law and practice below) for two reasons. Firstly, the trial judge held that the strip-searches were an invasion of their privacy exceeding what was necessary and proportionate to deal with the drug smuggling problem. Although he accepted that there were serious drug problems at the prison at the time of their visit and that there were reasonable grounds for believing that Patrick O\u2019Neill had been obtaining illicit drugs (he referred to the report by a senior prison officer that his speech had been slurred and mannerisms incoherent), he held that the prison officers should not have searched the applicants as it would have been sufficient to have searched Mr O\u2019Neill after they left. Secondly, the prison authorities had not adhered to their own rules. The judge rejected the applicants\u2019 submission that Article 3 was relevant, holding that although strip-searches were unpleasant they did not amount to inhuman or degrading treatment. The trial judge accepted the diagnosis of the second applicant as suffering from PTSD, but did not think that his symptoms had lasted as long as the psychiatrist thought, and that the second applicant had substantially recovered from the effects of the strip-search by March 1998, when he made a parasuicide attempt. He awarded the first applicant a total of 2,600 pounds sterling (GBP) (comprising GBP 1,600 basic damages and GBP 1,000 aggravated damages) and the second applicant a total of GBP 4,500 (comprising GBP 3,500 basic damages and GBP 1,000 aggravated damages), the Home Office having conceded battery following the trial judge\u2019s factual findings.\n\nOn 20 December 2001 the Court of Appeal allowed the Home Office\u2019s appeal. The court disagreed that trespass to the person could be extended to fit these circumstances and found that no wrongful act (save for the battery against the second applicant) had been committed. Lord Chief Justice Woolf noted that there were numerous ways in which drugs could be smuggled into prison and that the most vigorous regime of searching prisoners would not in itself suffice. He found therefore that a search of Mr O\u2019Neill would have been inadequate. He rejected the applicants\u2019 arguments that the Human Rights Act 1998, which did not have retrospective effect, could affect the outcome of the appeal. While agreeing that the Act had no retrospective effect, Lord Justice Buxton commented that if the events had occurred after the coming into effect of the Act, the applicants would have had a strong case for relief due to the manner of the search and the public authority\u2019s lack of regard for Article 8. The court set aside the first-instance judgment and substituted an award of a total of GBP 3,750 to the second applicant for battery.\n\nOn 16 October 2003 the House of Lords upheld the judgment of the Court of Appeal and dismissed the applicants\u2019 appeal. Holding that the Human Rights Act 1998 was not applicable as the events took place before its entry into force on 2 October 2000, the House of Lords nevertheless went on to consider whether, if the Act had been in force, breaches of the Convention could be made out. Lord Hoffmann, delivering the leading judgment, found that there was no infringement of Article 3 as the conduct had not been sufficiently humiliating to constitute degrading treatment. \u201c50. In the present case, the judge found that the prison officers acted in good faith and that there had been no more than \u2018sloppiness\u2019 in the failures to comply with the rules. The prison officers did not wish to humiliate the claimants; the evidence of Mrs Wainwright was that they carried out the search in a matter-of-fact way and were speaking to each other about unrelated matters. The Wainwrights were upset about having to be searched but made no complaint about the manner of the search; Mrs Wainwright did not ask for the blind to be drawn over the window or to be allowed to take off her clothes in any particular order and both of them afterwards signed the consent form without reading it but also without protest. The only inexplicable act was the search of Alan\u2019s penis, which the prison officers were unable to explain because they could not remember having done it. But this has been fully compensated.\u201d\n\nAs for Article 8: \u201c51. Article 8 is more difficult. Buxton LJ thought, at [2002] QB 1334, 1352, para. 62, that the Wainwrights would have had a strong case for relief under section 7 if the 1998 Act had been in force. Speaking for myself, I am not so sure. Although Article 8 guarantees a right of privacy, I do not think that it treats that right as having been invaded and requiring a remedy in damages, irrespective of whether the defendant acted intentionally, negligently or accidentally. It is one thing to wander carelessly into the wrong hotel bedroom and another to hide in the wardrobe to take photographs. Article 8 may justify a monetary remedy for an intentional invasion of privacy by a public authority, even if no damage is suffered other than distress for which damages are not ordinarily recoverable. It does not follow that a merely negligent act should, contrary to general principle, give rise to a claim for damages for distress because it affects privacy rather than some other interest like bodily safety: compare Hicks v Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police [1992] 2 All ER 65.\u201d\n\nDealing with the applicants\u2019 submission that, in order for the United Kingdom to conform to its international obligations under the Convention, the House of Lords should find that there was (and in theory always had been) a tort of invasion of privacy under which the searches of the applicants were actionable and damages for emotional distress recoverable, Lord Hoffmann stated: \u201c32. Nor is there anything in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights which suggests that the adoption of some high level principle of privacy is necessary to comply with Article 8 of the Convention. The European Court is concerned only with whether English law provides an adequate remedy in a specific case in which it considers that there has been an invasion of privacy contrary to Article 8 \u00a7 1 and not justifiable under Article 8 \u00a7 2. So in Earl Spencer v United Kingdom 25 EHRR CD 105 it was satisfied that the action for breach of confidence provided an adequate remedy for the Spencers\u2019 complaint and looked no further into the rest of the armoury of remedies available to the victims of other invasions of privacy. Likewise, in Peck v United Kingdom (2003) 36 EHRR 41 the court expressed some impatience, at paragraph 103, at being given a tour d\u2019horizon of the remedies provided and to be provided by English law to deal with every imaginable kind of invasion of privacy. It was concerned with whether Mr Peck (who had been filmed in embarrassing circumstances by a CCTV camera) had an adequate remedy when the film was widely published by the media. It came to the conclusion that he did not.\n\nCounsel for the Wainwrights relied upon Peck\u2019s case as demonstrating the need for a general tort of invasion of privacy. But in my opinion it shows no more than the need, in English law, for a system of control of the use of film from CCTV cameras which shows greater sensitivity to the feelings of people who happen to have been caught by the lens. For the reasons so cogently explained by Sir Robert Megarry in Malone v Metropolitan Police Comr [1979] Ch 344, this is an area which requires a detailed approach which can be achieved only by legislation rather than the broad brush of common law principle.\n\nFurthermore, the coming into force of the Human Rights Act 1998 weakens the argument for saying that a general tort of invasion of privacy is needed to fill gaps in the existing remedies. Sections 6 and 7 of the Act are in themselves substantial gap fillers; if it is indeed the case that a person\u2019s rights under Article 8 have been infringed by a public authority, he will have a statutory remedy. The creation of a general tort will, as Buxton LJ pointed out in the Court of Appeal, at [2002] QB 1334, 1360, para. 92, pre-empt the controversial question of the extent, if any, to which the Convention requires the State to provide remedies for invasions of privacy by persons who are not public authorities.\n\nFor these reasons I would reject the invitation to declare that since at the latest 1950 there has been a previously unknown tort of invasion of privacy.\u201d", "applicant": "Alan Wainwright", "offset": 1519, "idx_mapping": [1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1519, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Anna Young was born in 1965 and lives in London. In or around late 1999 Anna Young breached an earlier probation order (concerning a charge of deception) and was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment. It was her first time in prison. Her term of imprisonment began in November 1999. She was accorded an unconditional release date of 23 January 2000.
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"001-79042_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-79042_a8_em41", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "27 January 2000", "start_offset": 12548}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12654, "entity_id": "001-79042_a8_e37", "entity_mention_id": "001-79042_a8_em42", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "20 January 2000", "start_offset": 12639}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13440, "entity_id": "001-79042_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-79042_a8_em43", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "11 July 2000", "start_offset": 13428}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13596, "entity_id": "001-79042_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-79042_a8_em44", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "8 August 2000", "start_offset": 13583}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Anna Young", "meta": {"applicant": "Anna Young", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-79042", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 60682/00) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Ms Anna Young (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 4 July 2000.\n\nThe applicant, who was granted legal aid, was represented by Mr Christian Fisher Khan, a firm of solicitors practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agents, Mr C.A. Whomersley and, subsequently, Mr J. Grainger, both of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s admissible complaints concerned the compliance with Article 6 of prison adjudication proceedings against her.\n\nBy a decision of 11 October 2005, a Chamber of the Fourth Section of the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed further written observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 3 in fine).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1965 and lives in London. In or around late 1999 the applicant breached an earlier probation order (concerning a charge of deception) and was sentenced to six months\u2019 imprisonment. It was her first time in prison.\n\nHer term of imprisonment began in November 1999. She was accorded an unconditional release date of 23 January 2000.\n\nA. The applicant\u2019s disability\n\nThe applicant suffered from cerebral palsy, a disorder of the central nervous system which can inhibit voluntary muscle control. She used a wheelchair and could only walk a few steps with assistance. She did not have voluntary control of her bladder meaning that on occasion she either could not urinate for several hours or she urinated uncontrollably and required medication to restrain this. The condition did not affect her intelligence but rather her ability to process information so that she required explanations in plain language and sufficient time for full comprehension.\n\nA short medical report from a general practitioner dated 15 August 2000 noted that the applicant was a patient of the relevant practice and that her condition could have affected her ability to produce a urine sample on demand as voluntary control of the nervous system is always affected by cerebral palsy. While he suggested obtaining a neurologist\u2019s report on these matters, the applicant stated that she could not afford to obtain one.\n\nThe prison psychotherapist\u2019s report of 31 January 2000 noted that the applicant had been referred in December 1999 given her distress and difficulties in coping with her imprisonment. It noted as follows: \u201cLargely confined to a wheelchair, [the applicant] manifests obvious physical symptoms of cerebral palsy as well as somewhat less obvious mental ones. [The applicant] possesses an excellent vocabulary and a reasonably well-developed capacity to think logically that places her well in the highest range of mental functioning for those who have the condition from which she suffers. Thus it seems that she often strikes those who meet her as an individual with a normal range of mental functioning but a difficult personality. In fact, [the applicant] experiences problems dealing with any sort of symbolism in language: she is openly vocal about her distaste for what she calls slang. Any explanation given to her needs to be couched in concrete terms devoid of metaphor or simile. Often it may be advisable or necessary to write down an explanation so that she may study it at her leisure in order to take it in fully and remember it. When this procedure is followed, she proves well able to make use of information or advice. From [the applicant\u2019s] standpoint, these features of her mental functioning often make it difficult for her to think things through completely and thus to envision what the consequences of her actions may be. From the view point of those who deal with her, it often may seem that she is being difficult or uncooperative when it is in reality the case that she simply has not fully grasped the nuances of the subject at hand. [The applicant\u2019s] life circumstances seem to have been troubled and unhappy. She has felt it necessary to fight ferociously to consolidate and maintain her independence. Thus the stay in [prison] appears to have been a sobering experience for her. It seems rather graphically to have brought home to her the consequences of some of her own actions \u2013 actions for which she previously had been unable to envisage consequences. It is difficult for [the applicant] to trust anyone completely, as she feels herself to have been badly let down by key figures in her life (including her mother, foster carers et al). Yet, in a relationship which [the applicant] experiences as one of confidence and caring, she is able to show herself as a warm, even endearing individual.\u201d\n\nThe applicant was detained in the medical wing of the prison since the normal prison cells were not wheelchair accessible.\n\nB. Mandatory drug testing (\u201cMDT\u201d)\n\nAt about 11.20am on 6 January 2000 a female prison officer asked the applicant to leave her education classes. They were then met by two other female prison officers. One of them asked the applicant if she had heard about MDT. The applicant replied that she had not and she was informed that it was mandatory drug testing. One of the officers requested the applicant to provide a urine sample immediately. The applicant alleged that she said that she would not be able to produce a sample: the Government did not accept this.\n\nShe was taken to the MDT unit, given a container and asked to provide a specimen. While the applicant claimed that she said again that she could not provide a urine sample, the Government maintained that she simply refused to provide a sample. She claimed that she began to explain why she could not provide a sample but that her explanation was brushed aside. She was offered a cup of water, which she declined. She maintained that this was because she knew that the water would not assist because the problem was not whether her bladder was full or not but whether she had the motor control to provide a specimen on demand and because she was concerned as to whether the water was fresh.\n\nThe applicant was taken to her cell by the officers and she was told that she could provide her sample there. A female officer remained in the cell with her and the applicant felt distressed by this. She claimed that, at about midday, she reiterated that she could not urinate. She submitted that the prison officer appeared irritated and informed her that she was going to put that down as a refusal which could result in additional days\u2019 detention. The Government claimed that she refused once again to provide a sample.\n\nShe claimed that the officers who dealt with her were brusque and business-like. None of the officers asked her about her condition or whether she would need assistance in providing the urine sample and she was not offered the possibility of speaking confidentially with a medical officer or a structured manner of providing the sample over several hours. She admitted, however, that she did not explain to them that she could not urinate as a result of her disability. She alleged that she did inform the officers that she was menstruating (the Government disputed this) but, in any event, she accepted that she did not use her menstruation as an excuse for not providing a urine sample.\n\nC. The adjudication proceedings\n\nOn 7 January 2000, at approximately 7.00-7.30 a.m., a male officer came into the applicant\u2019s cell and read an \u201cofficial-sounding\u201d paper about \u201ca refusal\u201d. The applicant was asked to sign it but refused to do so. She maintained that this was because she had just woken up and did not understand what was happening. The paperwork was left in her cell. This paperwork appears to have been a notice of report, which informed the applicant that she had been placed on report for the alleged offence of disobeying a lawful order to provide a urine sample.\n\nLater that day, she was sent to see the Governor when it was explained to her that she was being \u201cput on report\u201d. There were two officers in the room at the same time. Her account was that, feeling intimidated and not understanding the jargon they were using, she asked if she could have someone with her. The Governor refused, stating that this would only be allowed for someone with severe learning difficulties. The Governor did not ask her if there were any medical reasons why she should be assisted. The Government disputed the applicant\u2019s account of this meeting.\n\nThe matter was adjourned to the following week, to allow the relevant prison officer to attend to give evidence. In the meantime, the applicant was seen by a medical officer who certified her as fit to take part in the hearing. She did not inform the medical officer either that her disability had prevented her from providing a urine sample, explaining that this was because the medical officer never asked.\n\nOn 11 January 2000 the applicant appeared again before the Governor. The Government submitted the record of the adjudication hearing which was filled out by the Governor at the hearing. Question 7 on Part 2 of the form enquires: \u201cDo you want any additional help at this hearing? (If yes, explain the possibilities of assistance by a legal friend or legal representative)\u201d. The Governor had ticked the box saying \u201cNo\u201d. The applicant claimed that her request for legal representation was refused.\n\nThe applicant submitted that she was not asked any questions about her disability or whether she had problems urinating. The allegation of a refusal to give a sample was put to her. She claimed that she tried to explain as best she could and that the Governor indicated that most people could provide a sample when asked and he noted that she had refused water. She accepted that she did not inform the Governor during the adjudication hearing that her disability had prevented her from providing a urine sample. The Governor found the charge of disobeying a lawful order to have been proven and sentenced the applicant to 14 additional days\u2019 detention. She was informed that she could appeal.\n\nWith the assistance of the prison chaplain, she obtained and completed on 12 January 2000 a complaint form. She noted in the form that she had not represented herself as well as she wished and would have benefited from a prepared statement. She indicated that she had bladder problems, exacerbated by the stress of her imprisonment and she disclosed that she had been menstruating. She indicated her willingness to provide a urine sample and requested to be allowed the time for which Rule 46A(7) of the Prison Rules 1964 had provided. In an attached statement, she made it clear that she had not refused to provide the sample but simply could not due to her disability. She indicated that she had recently gone more than 24 hours without urinating. She further requested some assistance in order to comply with the prison rules as they had been drafted with able-bodied persons in mind and did not make allowances for those with disabilities. She expressed extreme distress at having to discuss her bodily functions and requested that the 14 additional days\u2019 be withdrawn.\n\nOn 14 January 2000 the Governor replied that he had spoken to the prison chaplain, read the applicant\u2019s submissions and discussed the case with the prison service area manager, the latter of whom had read the papers. The area manager agreed that the charge had been proven and that the award of additional days could be reduced to 3 additional days (with no association with other prisoners for 3 nights and 7 days\u2019 stoppages in pay). She was also to provide a urine sample under the MDT arrangements.\n\nThe applicant sought legal advice. Her legal representatives could not contact her by telephone and were offered a visit after her initial release date. Accordingly, they made written representations by letter dated 19 January 2000 to the Governor and to the prison service area manager outlining the applicant\u2019s condition, how that had prevented her providing the sample and her distress and embarrassment. They sought the withdrawal of the 14 additional days\u2019 award, in default of which proceedings under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 would be pursued.\n\nThe applicant was released on 26 January 2000. In his letter of 27 January 2000 to the applicant\u2019s representatives (confirming a telephone conversation of 20 January 2000) the area manager stated that, while information was received by the Governor after the adjudication causing him to vary the sentence, that information did not cause the Governor or the writer to consider that the finding of guilt was flawed or should be quashed. He was further satisfied that the adjudication was conducted in a fair and proper manner. He noted that the applicant had not explained her difficulties to the officers involved in the test process, nor availed herself of the opportunity subsequently to talk through the issues with the Governor. That letter indicated that a medical officer had informed the Governor that she had been fit to appear and had made no comment to the Governor that she was unable to comply with an order to provide a sample.\n\nOn 11 July 2000 the applicant\u2019s representatives complained to the Home Secretary about the prison adjudication matter. They received an acknowledgement dated 8 August 2000.", "applicant": "Anna Young", "offset": 1153, "idx_mapping": [1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1153, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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On 11 April 1986 preliminary investigations on the suspicion of murder were instituted against Hans Peter Löffler. On 31 March 1987 a Court of Assizes (Geschworenengericht) at the Linz Regional Court (Landesgericht) convicted Hans Peter Löffler of murder and sentenced him to eighteen years' imprisonment. On 15 September 1987 the Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) dismissed Hans Peter Löffler's plea of nullity and appeal against sentence. On 6 September 1990 Hans Peter Löffler requested the re-opening of the criminal proceedings against him. On 11 December 1991 the Linz Regional Court dismissed Hans Peter Löffler's request.
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"12 February 1996", "start_offset": 3857}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3913, "entity_id": "001-58827_a8_e44", "entity_mention_id": "001-58827_a8_em52", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Assize Court", "start_offset": 3901}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3972, "entity_id": "001-58827_a8_e45", "entity_mention_id": "001-58827_a8_em53", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 August 1996", "start_offset": 3958}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4024, "entity_id": "001-58827_a8_e45", "entity_mention_id": "001-58827_a8_em54", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 August 1996", "start_offset": 4010}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4055, "entity_id": "001-58827_a8_e46", "entity_mention_id": "001-58827_a8_em55", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 August 1996", "start_offset": 4041}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4074, "entity_id": "001-58827_a8_e46", "entity_mention_id": "001-58827_a8_em56", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 August 1996", "start_offset": 4060}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4091, "entity_id": "001-58827_a8_e44", "entity_mention_id": "001-58827_a8_em57", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Assize Court", "start_offset": 4079}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Hans Peter L\u00f6ffler", "meta": {"applicant": "Hans Peter L\u00f6ffler", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2000}, "doc_id": "001-58827", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court, by Mr Hans Peter L\u00f6ffler (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), an Austrian national, on 3 November 1998, within the three-month period laid down by former Articles 32 \u00a7 1 and 47 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It originated in an application (no. 30546/96) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 by the applicant. The applicant is represented by Mr R. Gabl, a lawyer practising in Linz (Austria). The Government of Austria are represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s request to the Court referred to Article 48 as amended by Protocol No. 9, which Austria had ratified. The object of the application was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention as regards the length of the criminal proceedings against the applicant.\n\nOn 14 January 1999 the Panel of the Grand Chamber decided, pursuant to Article 5 \u00a7 4 of Protocol No. 11 to the Convention and Rules 100 \u00a7 1 and 24 \u00a7 6 of the Rules of Court, that the application would be examined by one of the Sections. It was, thereupon, assigned to the Third Section. Within that Section, the Chamber was constituted in accordance with Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nIn accordance with Rule 59 \u00a7 3 of the Rules of Court, the President of the Chamber invited the parties to submit a memorial on the issues of the case. The applicant submitted a memorial on 16 April 1999, and the Government on 17 May 1999.\n\nAfter consulting the Agent of the Government and applicant\u2019s lawyer the Chamber decided not to hold a hearing.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nOn 11 April 1986 preliminary investigations on the suspicion of murder were instituted against the applicant. On 31 March 1987 a Court of Assizes (Geschworenengericht) at the Linz Regional Court (Landesgericht) convicted the applicant of murder and sentenced him to eighteen years' imprisonment. On 15 September 1987 the Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) dismissed the applicant's plea of nullity and appeal against sentence.\n\nOn 6 September 1990 the applicant requested the re-opening of the criminal proceedings against him. On 11 December 1991 the Linz Regional Court dismissed the applicant's request. On 15 June 1992 the Linz Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht) granted the applicant's appeal and reopened the criminal proceedings against him. At the same time the applicant was released.\n\nOn 23 August 1993 the Linz Public Prosecutor's Office filed a bill of indictment charging the applicant with murder. On 7 October 1993 the Linz Court of Appeal accepted the applicant's objections to the indictment.\n\nOn 30 May 1994 the Public Prosecutor's Office filed a new bill of indictment against the applicant. On 9 September 1994 the Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant's objections to it.\n\nOn 6 February 1995 the Supreme Court dismissed a request by the Linz Regional Court to transfer jurisdiction in the case to a court in Vienna.\n\nOn 3 April 1995 the applicant filed a request under Section 91 of the Courts Organisation Act (Gerichtsorganisationsgesetz) with the Linz Court of Appeal. He complained about the inactivity of the Regional Court and requested the Court of Appeal to order the Regional Court to fix a date for the trial. On 24 May 1995 the Court of Appeal refused this request. The Court of Appeal found that the Regional Court had to wait for further expert opinions concerning a DNA test of hair and skin parts which had been found on the victim and the applicant\u2019s clothes.\n\nOn 30 October 1995 the DNA test results were transmitted to the court.\n\nOn 12 February 1996 the Presiding Judge of the Assize Court fixed the date of the applicant's trial for 19 August 1996.\n\nThe applicant's trial commenced on 19 August 1996 and finished on 29 August 1996. On 29 August 1996 the Assize Court acquitted the applicant.", "applicant": "Hans Peter L\u00f6ffler", "offset": 1879, "idx_mapping": [1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2332, 2333, 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2341, 2342, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 1879, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510], "duplicates": 1}
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Geoffrey Dennis Peck was born in 1955 and lives in Essex. A. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) and the relevant footage
In February 1994 Brentwood Borough Council (“the Council”) approved guidelines for the operation and management of CCTV. The CCTV tape recordings would be retained initially for ninety days, this period to be reviewed from time to time and reduced to a minimum, and the tapes would be erased on completion of the storage period. In the section headed “privacy to neighbouring properties”, it was noted that the CCTV system should ensure adequate provision for the avoidance of unwarranted intrusion in areas surrounding those under surveillance. In the event of it becoming apparent that privacy was being violated, it was foreseen that the Council would take such steps as to ensure that “either an electronic (digital) screening or physical screening is taking place”.
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"entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "BBC", "start_offset": 17923}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 18065, "entity_id": "001-60898_a8_e81", "entity_mention_id": "001-60898_a8_em122", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "two days", "start_offset": 18057}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 18201, "entity_id": "001-60898_a8_e44", "entity_mention_id": "001-60898_a8_em123", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "BBC", "start_offset": 18198}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 18917, "entity_id": "001-60898_a8_e76", "entity_mention_id": "001-60898_a8_em124", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 18907}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19080, "entity_id": "001-60898_a8_e82", "entity_mention_id": "001-60898_a8_em125", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "21 January 1998", "start_offset": 19065}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 19109, "entity_id": "001-60898_a8_e76", "entity_mention_id": "001-60898_a8_em126", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 19099}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19690, "entity_id": "001-60898_a8_e15", "entity_mention_id": "001-60898_a8_em127", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Brentwood Borough Council", "start_offset": 19665}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19820, "entity_id": "001-60898_a8_e83", "entity_mention_id": "001-60898_a8_em128", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 February 1998", "start_offset": 19804}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Geoffrey Dennis Peck", "meta": {"applicant": "Geoffrey Dennis Peck", "articles": [91, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-60898", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 44647/98) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a national of the United Kingdom, Mr Geoffrey Dennis Peck (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 22 April 1996.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Mr P. Leach, a solicitor lecturing in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms R. Mandal, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant complained about the disclosure to the media of closed-circuit television footage, which resulted in images of himself being published and broadcast widely, and about the lack of an effective domestic remedy in that respect. He relied on Articles 8 and 13 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11). It was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 15 May 2001 the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nThe Government, but not the applicant, filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine).\n\nOn 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Fourth Section.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1955 and lives in Essex.\n\nA. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) and the relevant footage\n\nIn February 1994 Brentwood Borough Council (\u201cthe Council\u201d) approved guidelines for the operation and management of CCTV. The CCTV tape recordings would be retained initially for ninety days, this period to be reviewed from time to time and reduced to a minimum, and the tapes would be erased on completion of the storage period. In the section headed \u201cprivacy to neighbouring properties\u201d, it was noted that the CCTV system should ensure adequate provision for the avoidance of unwarranted intrusion in areas surrounding those under surveillance. In the event of it becoming apparent that privacy was being violated, it was foreseen that the Council would take such steps as to ensure that \u201ceither an electronic (digital) screening or physical screening is taking place\u201d. In April 1994 the Council installed a CCTV surveillance system in Brentwood. It was fully operational by July 1994. The Council's monitoring operator had a direct visual and audio link to the police so that if it was considered that an incident warranting police intervention was taking place, the images being captured could be switched through to the police.\n\nIn August 1995 the applicant was suffering from depression as a result of personal and family circumstances. On 20 August 1995 at 11.30 p.m. he walked alone down the high street towards a central junction in the centre of Brentwood with a kitchen knife in his hand and he attempted to commit suicide by cutting his wrists. He stopped at the junction and leaned over a railing facing the traffic with the knife in his hand. He was unaware that a CCTV camera, mounted on the traffic island in front of the junction, filmed his movements. The CCTV footage later disclosed did not show the applicant cutting his wrists, the operator being solely alerted to an individual in possession of a knife at the junction.\n\nThe police were notified by the CCTV operator and arrived. They took the knife from the applicant, gave him medical assistance and brought him to the police station. He was detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. His custody record refers to the self-inflicted injuries to his wrists on arrival and notes that he was examined and treated by a doctor, after which he was released without charge and taken home by police officers.\n\nB. Release and publication of the footage\n\nOn 14 September 1995 the CCTV working party of the Council agreed to authorise the release of regular press features on the CCTV system. The Council also decided to cooperate with third parties in the preparation of factual programmes concerning their CCTV system.\n\nThe Council's first press feature, the CCTV News, was released on 9 October 1995 and included two photographs taken from the CCTV footage of the applicant to accompany an article entitled \u201cDefused \u2013 The partnership between CCTV and the police prevents a potentially dangerous situation\u201d. The applicant's face was not specifically masked. The article noted that an individual had been spotted with a knife in his hand, that he was clearly unhappy but not looking for trouble, that the police had been alerted, that the individual had been disarmed and brought to the police station where he was questioned and given assistance for his problems. The article included the name of a Council employee in the event that readers wished to obtain copies of the pictures.\n\nOn 12 October 1995 the Brentwood Weekly News used a photograph of the incident involving the applicant on its front page to accompany an article on the use and benefits of the CCTV system. The applicant's face was not specifically masked.\n\nOn 13 October 1995 an article entitled \u201cGotcha\u201d appeared in the Yellow Advertiser, a local newspaper with a circulation of approximately 24,000. The article was accompanied by a photograph of the applicant taken from the CCTV footage. The newspaper article referred to the applicant having been intercepted with a knife and a potentially dangerous situation being defused as a result of the CCTV system. It was noted that the applicant had been released without charge.\n\nAs a result Anglia Television sought, and the Council provided, footage of the incident involving the applicant. On 17 October 1995 extracts from that footage were included in its news programme about the CCTV system, a local broadcast to an average audience of 350,000. The applicant's face had been masked at the Council's oral request. However, that masking was later considered inadequate by the Independent Television Commission (see below), the applicant's distinctive hairstyle and moustache making him easily recognisable to anyone who knew him.\n\nOn 18 October 1995 the Chairman of the Council informed the Council Technical Services Committee that cooperation had been, and would continue to be, given in the preparation of factual documentary programmes concerning the CCTV system. He referred to the feature on CCTV which had been broadcast by Anglia Television on the previous day.\n\nIn late October or November 1995 the applicant became aware that he had been filmed on CCTV and that footage had been released because a neighbour told his partner that the former had seen him on television. He did not take any action then as he was still suffering from severe depression.\n\nOn 16 February 1996 a second article entitled \u201cEyes in the sky triumph\u201d was published in the Yellow Advertiser outlining the benefits of CCTV in the fight against crime and was accompanied by the same photograph as had been previously used by that newspaper. It appears that a number of people recognised the applicant. A letter of 25 April 1996 from the Yellow Advertiser opined that the applicant was not identifiable. The Press Complaints Commission did not decide whether or not the applicant was identifiable from the photograph (see below).\n\nAt or about that time the Council agreed to furnish CCTV footage of, inter alios, the applicant to the producers of \u201cCrime Beat\u201d, a series on BBC national television with an average of 9.2 million viewers. The Council imposed orally a number of conditions on the producers including that no one should be identifiable in the footage and that all faces should be masked. The BBC were also to consult with the police to ensure that they had \u201cno objection to recordings being shown because of sub judice issues\u201d.\n\nAround 9 to 11 March 1996 the applicant was told by friends that they had seen him on 9 March 1996 in trailers for an episode of \u201cCrime Beat\u201d which was to be broadcast soon. On 11 March 1996 he complained to the Council about the forthcoming programme, at which stage the Council became aware of his identity. The Council contacted the producers who confirmed that his image had been masked. That evening the CCTV footage was shown on \u201cCrime Beat\u201d. The applicant's image was masked in the main programme itself but the Broadcasting Standards Commission (see below) later found that masking inadequate. Many of the applicant's friends and family who saw the programme recognised the applicant.\n\nIn response to the applicant's request for a copy of the Council's licence agreement with the producers of \u201cCrime Beat\u201d, by letter dated 21 February 1997, the Council provided an unsigned and undated agreement which did not appear to relate to the applicant but which contained a requirement to mask all faces in any copies of the relevant video. By letter dated 31 October 1997 the Council confirmed that it could not locate a signed copy of the agreement with the producers but it included an earlier draft of that agreement which had been signed by the producers, which related to the footage of the applicant but which did not include any masking requirement.\n\nThe applicant made a number of media appearances thereafter to speak out against the publication of the footage and photographs. On 28 March 1996 he participated in a national radio programme (BBC Radio 4). On 31 March 1996 he spoke to a journalist who published an article in a national newspaper and this was the first time the applicant's name appeared in the media. Other newspaper articles included photographs of the applicant or quotes given by him. He also appeared on national television: on 13 April 1996 on Channel 4's \u201cRight to Reply\u201d, on 25 July 1996 on Channel 5's \u201cEspresso\u201d and on 5 August 1997 on BBC 1's \u201cYou Decide\u201d. He also had his photograph published in the Yellow Advertiser on 25 October 1996.\n\nC. The Broadcasting Standards Commission (BSC)\n\nOn 25 April 1996 the applicant lodged a complaint with the BSC in relation to, inter alia, the \u201cCrime Beat\u201d programme alleging an unwarranted infringement of his privacy and that he had received unjust and unfair treatment. On 13 June 1997 the BSC upheld both of his complaints.\n\nThe BSC noted that the BBC had already accepted that it had meant to mask the applicant's image and that this had not been done in the trailer due to an oversight. The BSC also considered the masking during the programme inadequate as the applicant had been recognised by viewers who had not seen the trailer. It was accepted that the BBC had not intended that the applicant would be identifiable. However, the BSC found that the effect was to reveal to the applicant's family, friends and neighbours an episode which he did not wish to reveal, and that the outcome had been distressing and amounted to an unwarranted infringement of his privacy. The BSC added that the fact that the applicant later chose to speak publicly about this incident did not alter the infringement established. The BBC was directed to broadcast a summary of the adjudication of the BSC with the episode of \u201cCrime Beat\u201d on 12 June 1997 and a summary of the adjudication was also published in The Daily Telegraph on 12 June 1997.\n\nD. The Independent Television Commission (ITC)\n\nOn 1 May 1996 the applicant complained to the ITC in respect of the broadcast by Anglia Television. The latter had already apologised to the applicant and conceded that it had breached the privacy requirements of section 2(2) and (5) of the ITC Code (sections concerning coverage of events in public and scenes of suffering and distress). The ITC noted that the implication was that a man carrying a knife was likely to be intent on a criminal act. It found that the applicant's identity was not adequately obscured and that he was readily identifiable and easily recognisable by those who knew him. It found that section 2(2) and (5) of the Code had been breached and the decision of the ITC was published in its Programme Complaints and Interventions Report of June 1996. Given the admission and apology by Anglia Television, no further action was taken by the ITC.\n\nE. The Press Complaints Commission (PCC)\n\nOn 17 May 1996 the applicant complained to the PCC in respect of the articles published in the Yellow Advertiser. The PCC rejected the applicant's complaint without a hearing and the decision was communicated to the applicant by letter dated 2 August 1996. The PCC considered that, whether or not the applicant was identifiable from the photographs, the events in question took place in a town high street, open to public view. It did not consider that the juxtaposition of the photographs and the articles implied that the applicant had committed a crime and it had been made clear that he was released without charge, the second article indicating that the applicant was ill at the relevant time.\n\nF. The judicial review proceedings\n\nOn 23 May 1996 the applicant applied to the High Court for leave to apply for judicial review of the Council's disclosure of the CCTV material arguing, inter alia, that that disclosure had no basis in law. On 26 June 1996 a single judge of the High Court refused leave. On 18 October 1996 the High Court granted leave on a renewed request and leave to amend the application to include a complaint that the disclosure was irrational, even if lawful.\n\nBy judgment dated 25 November 1997 the High Court rejected the application for judicial review. It found that the purpose of section 163 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (\u201cthe 1994 Act\u201d) was to empower a local authority to provide CCTV equipment in order to promote the prevention of crime or the welfare of victims of crime: \u201cBy publicising information about the successful operation of the CCTV, the Council was providing information about its effectiveness and thereby reinforcing the deterrent effect of its operation. The making available to the media of footage from the CCTV film to show the effectiveness of the system can properly be said ... to be incidental to and to facilitate the discharge of the Council's function under section 163 [of the 1994 Act] because it thereby increased, or tended to increase, the preventative effect of the equipment which [the Council was] providing for the purposes of the prevention of crime.\u201d\n\nIt concluded that the Council had the power to distribute the CCTV footage to the media by virtue of section 111 of the Local Government Act 1972 in the discharge of their functions under section 163 of the 1994 Act.\n\nAs to the \u201crationality\u201d of the Council's decision to disclose, the applicant submitted that the Council acted irrationally in disclosing the footage with the aim of crime prevention when he had not been, in fact, involved in any criminal activity. He argued that by failing to consult the police to see if he had been charged with a criminal offence and to impose sufficient restrictions as regards disclosure of his identity, the Council had facilitated an unwarranted invasion of his privacy which was contrary to the spirit, if not the letter, of the Council's guidelines.\n\nThe High Court judge had some sympathy with that submission but did not consider it correct in law. He went on: \u201cI have some sympathy with the applicant who has suffered an invasion of his privacy, as is borne out by the findings of the Independent Television Commission and the Broadcasting Standards Commission. However, if I am right in deciding that the Council does have power to distribute the film footage from its CCTV system, there may on occasion be undesirable invasions of privacy. Unless and until there is a general right of privacy recognised by English law (and the indications are that there may soon be so by incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into our law), reliance must be placed on effective guidance being issued by Codes of practice or otherwise, in order to try and avoid such undesirable invasions of a person's privacy. The evidence is that the CCTV cameras in public places play an important role in both crime prevention and crime detection. In this case, the film footage showed a man walking in the High Street carrying a large knife in his hand. It did not show him attempting to commit suicide. It was plainly a potentially dangerous situation which the Council's monitoring employee quite properly put to the police, as a result of which the man was arrested. ... It was not unreasonable for the Council to conclude that the footage was a useful example of how a potentially dangerous situation can be avoided. ... In those circumstances, it seems to me that the decision of the Council to distribute the film footage to the media could not be said to be irrational or unreasonable, bearing in mind that the film did not show an attempted suicide and that, at the time, they did not know the applicant's identity. They therefore had no reason to consult the police as to whether an offence had been committed. They did not sell the take-outs from the CCTV footage for commercial gain and, more importantly, they had imposed on the television companies a requirement that an individual's face should be masked. It is true that that was a verbal rather than a written requirement, but I am not persuaded that what happened was likely to have been different if it had been a written requirement. In the event, the fault lay with the television companies. Anglia TV failed to mask the applicant's identity adequately. The BBC failed to mask the applicant's identity at all in the trailers. As soon as the Council were notified about that by the applicant, two days before the programme went out, which was the first time they were aware of the applicant's identity, they immediately contacted the BBC and received assurances that his image had been masked in the programme. In the event, unknown to the Council, it had not been adequately masked in the programme. I am sure that lessons can be learnt from this unfortunate incident, and it may be that, with the benefit of hindsight, the Council will want to see if they can tighten up their guidelines to seek to avoid a similar incident in the future. I am, however, equally sure that, in the circumstances that I have described, the Council cannot be said to have acted irrationally in the sense that they had taken leave of their senses or had acted in a manner in which no reasonable local authority could sensibly have acted.\u201d\n\nAn application to the High Court for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal was rejected. The subsequent leave application to a single judge of the Court of Appeal was rejected on 21 January 1998 because \u201c... the [High Court] Judge was plainly correct in his interpretation of the relevant statutory provisions and the Council was neither acting outside its statutory authority nor irrationally in making the film and photographs available to the media. The injury, of which complaint is made, arises from a failure on the part of the media to sufficiently disguise the applicant when making the film and photographs visible to the public. That is and has been the subject of complaint against the media involved but is not capable of supporting a claim for a declaration against Brentwood Borough Council\u201d.\n\nFollowing an oral hearing before the full Court of Appeal, the applicant's leave application was dismissed on 19 February 1998.", "applicant": "Geoffrey Dennis Peck", "offset": 1820, "idx_mapping": [1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1820, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 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| 1
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On 7 August 2001, Marcus Orr co-piloted a British Airways flight from Newcastle to Gardermoen Airport outside Oslo. There were three other crew members on board, including Ms C. (1st Cabin Crew). All four crew members were to stay overnight at an airport hotel before flying back to the United Kingdom the next day. On 1 November 2002 the Eidsvoll District Court (tingrett) convicted Marcus Orr of having raped C and sentenced him to 2 years’ and 6 months’ imprisonment and ordered him to pay her NOK 75,000 for non-pecuniary damage and NOK 160,000 for pecuniary damage. On an appeal by Marcus Orr, the Eidsivating High Court (lagmannsrett), sitting with a jury, held a fresh hearing in the case.
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20114, "entity_id": "001-86298_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-86298_a8_em102", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Compensation Office for Victims of Violent Crime (Kontoret for voldsoffererstatning", "start_offset": 20031}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20160, "entity_id": "001-86298_a8_e54", "entity_mention_id": "001-86298_a8_em103", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "24 May 2004", "start_offset": 20149}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 20189, "entity_id": "001-86298_a8_e18", "entity_mention_id": "001-86298_a8_em104", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ms C.", "start_offset": 20184}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 20201, "entity_id": "001-86298_a8_e55", "entity_mention_id": "001-86298_a8_em105", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "NOK 182,313", "start_offset": 20190}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 20461, "entity_id": "001-86298_a8_e56", "entity_mention_id": "001-86298_a8_em106", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "NOK 124,000", "start_offset": 20450}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Marcus Orr", "meta": {"applicant": "Marcus Orr", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "NOR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2008}, "doc_id": "001-86298", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 31283/04) against the Kingdom of Norway lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Mr Marcus Orr (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 16 August 2004.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Ms S. Zanker, a lawyer practising in London. The Norwegian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mrs F. Platou Amble, Attorney, Attorney General\u2019s Office (Civil Matters).\n\nThe applicant alleged a violation of Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention on account of the national court\u2019s decision, despite his acquittal on criminal charges, to order him to pay compensation to the victim.\n\nOn 19 October 2006 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nOn 7 August 2001, the applicant co-piloted a British Airways flight from Newcastle to Gardermoen Airport outside Oslo. There were three other crew members on board, including Ms C. (1st Cabin Crew). All four crew members were to stay overnight at an airport hotel before flying back to the United Kingdom the next day.\n\nOn 1 November 2002 the Eidsvoll District Court (tingrett) convicted the applicant of having raped C and sentenced him to 2 years\u2019 and 6 months\u2019 imprisonment and ordered him to pay her NOK 75,000 for non-pecuniary damage and NOK 160,000 for pecuniary damage.\n\nOn an appeal by the applicant, the Eidsivating High Court (lagmannsrett), sitting with a jury, held a fresh hearing in the case. The jury answered the questions relating to the charges in the negative (no reasons are given by a jury).The professional judges decided to pass judgment on the basis of the jury\u2019s verdict and acquitted the applicant by a judgment of 20 March 2003.\n\nMs C. maintained the claim that the applicant was civilly liable to pay compensation under the Damage Compensation Act 1969. The High Court, consisting of the professional judges, considered the claim the next day. By two votes to one the High Court concluded, in the same judgment, that the applicant was liable and ordered him to pay NOK 74,000 in compensation for pecuniary damage and NOK 25,000 for non-pecuniary damage.\n\nThe High Court\u2019s judgment included the following account and reasoning: \u201cThe High Court jury was asked one main question, which concerned forcible coitus. The jury answered the question in the negative. Thereafter the jury was asked one main question as to whether the accused was guilty of obtaining, by gross negligence, sexual relation by violence or threatening behaviour. There was additionally put a supplementary question as to whether the sexual relation mentioned in the main question constituted coitus. The jury answered the main question in the negative. The court bases the judgment on the jury\u2019s verdict. [The applicant] is therefore acquitted of the indictment raised against him. The victim\u2019s assistant counsel stated, after the jury\u2019s verdict had been made known, that the compensation claim for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage would be maintained. The victim has claimed an amount up to NOK 74,000 in compensation for pecuniary damage and up to 75,000 NOK for non-pecuniary damage. The accused has pleaded that he should be released from the claim. Despite the fact that [the applicant] has been acquitted of having, with intent or gross negligence, raped [Ms C.], under Norwegian law, she has not thereby lost her possibility to claim compensation under the civil law on tort for the harmful act that she claims has taken place. Because other and weaker requirements of proof apply for establishing that an act has occurred under the civil law on tort than when there is question of imposing criminal liability for the same act, an award of compensation for pecuniary/non-pecuniary damage would not in itself amount to setting aside the acquittal. The compensation issue shall be determined under the Damage Compensation Act 1969. If the victim has been exposed to an infringement or misconduct as described inter alia in Article 192 of the Penal Code, compensation for pecuniary damage resulting from the infringement or misconduct may be awarded under sections 3-1 and 3-3 of the Damage Compensation Act. In section 3-5 it is further stipulated that a person who with intent or gross negligence has \u201c... committed infringement or an act of misconduct as mentioned in section 3-3\u201d may be ordered to pay to the victim such a lump sum as the court deems would constitute reasonable compensation for the pain and suffering and other non-pecuniary caused thereby. Because [Ms C.] alleges that the applicant has been guilty of an aggravated act against her in respect of which he has been acquitted of criminal liability, it is required in the assessment of the evidence that on the balance of probabilities it is clearly probable [klar sannsynlighetsovervekt] that the act has taken place. This means that considerably more than ordinary probability is required, albeit not the same strength of evidence being required as for establishing that the perpetrator is guilty in a criminal case. [The applicant] and [Ms C.] spent the night from 7 to 8 August 2001 at SAS Radisson Hotel at Gardermoen. [...] On the basis of [Ms C.]\u2019s evidence and the requirement of clear of probability on the balance of probabilities in order to fulfil the requirement of proof, the High Court finds it established for its decision on compensation that the applicant called her at her hotel room during the night with the pretext that he needed to borrow or to get some drinks as he himself had \u2018gone dry\u2019. [Ms C] was lying asleep when the telephone rang and was irritated about the disturbance, but she replied that he could come and get something from her mini-bar. Immediately thereafter he knocked on the door. [Ms C.] who was not wearing night clothes did not have the time to get dressed, but covered herself with her quilt, opened the door and let the applicant into the room. She could see that he was intoxicated. He went to the mini-bar and fetched something to drink, but instead of leaving he sat down on her bed and started talking. After a short time he began pulling her quilt in order to remove it. She asked him to leave, but he did not follow her suggestion. At a certain point in time he managed to get the quilt off her, but she managed to get up and put it around her again. [The applicant] continued to pull the quilt and drew her towards himself and also got himself undressed. In the end they were both in the bed. The High Court unanimously finds that on the balance of probabilities it is clearly probable that [the applicant] during this night had sexual intercourse with [Ms C.] and that this intercourse was not consensual on her part. As to the question whether the remaining conditions for making an award of compensation have been fulfilled, the High Court is divided in a majority and a minority. The majority [...] finds on the evidence that on the balance of probabilities it was clearly probable that [the applicant] understood that [Ms C.] did not want sexual relations with him, but nonetheless forced coitus upon her by exercising such a level of violence [vold] that the act could be accomplished. There was no question of serious use of violence [alvorlig voldsbruk], only of overpowering by holding [Ms C.]\u2019s arms. Even though the victim had different alternatives for escaping the situation, which she for different reasons did not find that she could use, this does not alter the basic character of the act which was wilful violation by the use of violence [vold]. Against the background of the majority\u2019s finding that it has been established that on the balance of probabilities it was clearly probable that [the applicant], by the use of violence [vold] has gained [tiltvunget seg] sexual intercourse with [Ms C.], the conditions for making an award of compensation have been fulfilled. [...] The minority, ..., has found that the conditions for ordering the accused to pay compensation have not been fulfilled. The minority does not find it has been made sufficiently probable that [the applicant] understood that the sexual intercourse was not consensual on [Ms C.]\u2019s part or displayed gross negligence in this respect.\u201d\n\nOn 12 May 2004, on the basis of the High Court\u2019s judgment, the applicant\u2019s appeal within the company against his dismissal from his job as a pilot for British Airways was refused.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Supreme Court against the High Court\u2019s procedure, assessment of evidence and application of the law. The appeal on the latter point was on the ground that, contrary to Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention, the High Court had failed in its judgment to make it sufficiently clear that the order to pay compensation did not affect his acquittal of the charges. By a decision of 9 October 2003 the Appeals Selection Committee of the Supreme Court granted leave to appeal with respect to this ground of appeal, while refusing such leave for the remainder.\n\nIn support of his appeal against the High Court\u2019s application of the law, the applicant argued, inter alia the following. For a judgment awarding compensation to be rendered after an acquittal, there was a requirement under the European Court\u2019s case law relating to Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention that the reasoning stated in the judgement be worded in such a way as not to cast doubt on the correctness of the acquittal. This entailed firstly that the judgment must make a clear distinction between the acquittal on the criminal charge and the decision on compensation. It ought to be made clear that the subject-matter for the two issues, respectively criminal and civil liability, are different and that the award of compensation did not weaken the acquittal. In this case, the High Court had failed to create the necessary distance between the two issues, since the reasoning in the judgment went on immediately thereafter to deal with the subject of compensation. Moreover, no express reservation had been stated with regard to the acquittal. Furthermore, the applicant argued, it was necessary to avoid the use of formulations that might serve to raise doubts about the acquittal. In several places, the High Court had used such formulations, including the expressions \u201cguilty\u201d, \u201cthe use of force\u201d and \u201csexual intercourse by force\u201d. This came so close to establishing that the conditions for criminal sexual assault had been fulfilled that the presumption of innocence must be deemed to have been violated. Extra care ought to be exercised when formulating the reasoning in a judgment where the questions of criminal liability and civil liability to pay compensation are decided in the same case. In this connection the applicant relied on the Court\u2019s judgment of 11 February 2003 in Y. v. Norway (no. 56568/00, ECHR 2003\u2011II). The applicant, again referring to the aforementioned Y v. Norway judgment and also to Article 13 of the Convention, submitted that, if the Supreme Court were to find a breach of the Convention in the present case, it would have to quash the lower court\u2019s judgment. Where a decision suffered from such defects, due process required that there be an entirely fresh assessment of the evidence. If there was no basis for setting the impugned judgment aside, then at the very least a declaratory judgment ought to be rendered, stating a violation of the Convention.\n\nOn 24 February 2004 the Supreme Court unanimously rejected the applicant\u2019s appeal against the High Court\u2019s judgment on compensation, finding no breach of Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention. The first voting judge, Ms Justice Stabel, gave the following reasons: (23) I have concluded that the reasons given by the High Court do not contravene the presumption of innocence in Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention [...] and accordingly that the appeal will not succeed. [...] (25) With regard to the details of the provision applied in our case, it is in my view appropriate to base our assessment on the judgment rendered by the Supreme Court on 27 November 2003 in Case No. 2003/227. This judgment was rendered after the guiding judgments by the European Court of 11 February 2003 in Y. v. Norway [cited above] and Ringvold v. Norway [no. 34964/97, ECHR 2003\u2011II]. Reference is made to the thorough discussion of the decisions \u2013 and past case-law of the European Court \u2013 contained therein. Therein it is stated that Article 6 \u00a7 2 protects any person suspected of a criminal offence against any affirmations being made in court decisions on other statements by public authorities that he is guilty of a criminal offence, without his having been convicted in a criminal case. (26) It is accordingly clear \u2013 and undisputed \u2013 that it is not contrary to the presumption of innocence for a person who has been acquitted of a criminal charge to be ordered to pay compensation in a civil case, even if in terms of content the material facts upon which the claim for compensation is based correspond to the conditions for criminal liability. However, where a person who has been acquitted of a criminal charge is ordered to pay compensation, it is a requirement that the grounds on which the compensation order is based must not be formulated in such a way as to cast doubts over the correctness of the acquittal. Moreover, provided that the compensation order is not formulated in this way, Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention [...] does not constitute an obstacle to the person acquitted of the criminal charge being ordered to pay compensation in the same case for the act to which the indictment related. (27) According to Article 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, ... a legal claim that the victim or other injured parties have against the accused may be adjudicated in the criminal case, provided that the claim derives from the same act as the criminal case. The possibility to review the claim for compensation in the criminal case has clear advantages from the point of view of procedural economy and saves the victim from the financial and emotional burden of undergoing two trials. The evidentiary requirements in civil actions are less stringent than those that apply in criminal cases. An unavoidable consequence of this is that a person who has been acquitted of a criminal charge may be ordered to pay compensation in the same case, based on the finding that he committed the act in respect of which s/he had been acquitted. In order to enable this without creating doubts about the acquittal, strict requirements should apply to the reasoning contained in the judgment awarding compensation. (28) The ground for the appeal is that the reasons given in the High Court\u2019s judgment on this point violated the presumption of innocence. In its judgment of 27 November 2003, the Supreme Court found that an appeal lodged on this basis must be regarded as an appeal on the ground of procedural error. This too is my finding. (29) Under Article 144(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure, the reasoning in a judgment in a civil case must \u2018state precisely and exhaustively the facts on which the Court bases its decision ...\u2019. In our case the basis for compensation for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage is sections 3-3 and 3-5(1)(b)of the Damage Compensation Act 1969. It is a condition in both of these provisions that the tortfeasor has inflicted on the victim a violation of the type provided for in Article 192 of the Criminal Code. The court must therefore make it clear that it has found proven a fact which from an objective point of view constitutes a breach of this provision. The subjective conditions for liability also coincide to some extent, namely that compensation for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage requires intent or gross negligence and that Article 192 (4) of the Criminal Code also makes sexual assault by gross negligence a criminal offence. (30) Given the manner the conditions for compensation have been formulated, it is not possible to avoid coming close to a criminal- law assessment. In order to do this, without casting doubt on the acquittal, the court must in my view take as a starting point what inter alia distinguishes the legal consequences, i.e. the requirement of proof that the conditions have been fulfilled. The finding that, in objective terms, a breach of Article 192 has occurred cannot be avoided. The same applies to the subjective conditions for compensation. What must be avoided is casting doubt over the correctness of the acquittal, in view of the strict evidentiary requirements that apply in criminal cases. (31) The High Court opens the section of the judgment in which the compensation issue is decided by stating that notwithstanding the acquittal of [the applicant], under Norwegian law [Ms C.] has not forfeited her right to claim compensation for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage under the rules on civil compensation for the tortuous act which she says has taken place. The Court continues: \u2018Because other and weaker requirements of proof apply for establishing that an act has occurred under the civil law on tort than when there is question of imposing criminal liability for the same act, an award of compensation for pecuniary/non-pecuniary damage would not in itself amount to setting aside the acquittal.\u2019 (32) The defence has argued that the interjection \u2018in itself\u2019 constitutes a reservation that opens the way for the conclusion that doubt is cast on the judgment. I do not agree with this, nor that the High Court, when providing in a subsequent paragraph a further description of the evidentiary requirements, refers to [Ms C.]\u2019s claim that [the applicant] was \u2018guilty\u2019 of an aggravated act towards her for which he has been acquitted in terms of criminal law. The expression \u2018guilty\u2019, which in fact was a quote from [Ms C.]\u2019s submissions, must be viewed with reference to the evidentiary requirements applicable in compensation cases of this nature and to the other conditions. (33) After having outlined the chain of events that it has found established, the High Court concluded that \u2018it is clear on the balance of probabilities that on this night [the applicant] had sexual intercourse with [Ms C.] and that this intercourse was not voluntary on her part\u2019. This cannot in my view be regarded as an attack on the acquittal. Nor does it go any further than what is necessary in order to establish that the conditions for compensation are present. The same applies when the majority of the High Court states that on the balance of probabilities it was clearly probable that [the applicant] realised that [Ms C.] did not want sexual intercourse with him and that \u2018[the applicant] by the use of violence has gained sexual intercourse with [Ms C.].\u2019 (34) To sum up, I note that the High Court provided a clear account of the differences between the evidentiary requirements for punishment and those applicable to compensation. Moreover, the assessment of the conditions for compensation took place on an independent basis without any reference to the indictment or the written list of questions put to the jury. Furthermore, as I have already noted, I do not find that expressions of a typically criminal- law character were used. Factors of this nature were found to be decisive when the Supreme Court ruled on 27 November 2003 that the presumption of innocence had been violated in that case, see paragraphs 36 and 38 of the decision. In our case, I am accordingly of the view that the High Court marked the necessary distance to the criminal case and that it did not cast doubt on the acquittal in other ways. (35) I have concluded on this basis that the appeal must be rejected.\u201d The four other judges agreed with the first voting judge \u201cin the main and the conclusion\u201d.\n\nThe applicant has submitted a letter of 20 October 2004 from the Compensation Office for Victims of Violent Crime (Kontoret for voldsoffererstatning). It states that by a decision of 24 May 2004 the Office had granted Ms C. NOK 182,313 in compensation, \u201chaving found it shown on the balance of probabilities it was clearly probable that she had been inflicted personal injury as a result of a criminal act.\u201d It further notified the applicant that the Office might seek restitution of NOK 124,000 from him.", "applicant": "Marcus Orr", "offset": 1027, "idx_mapping": [1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1027, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Ernst Lughofers' farm was the object of land consolidation proceedings (Zusammenlegungsverfahren) instituted by the Gmunden District Agricultural Authority (Agrarbezirksbehörde) on 22 February 1973. On 21 August 1984 the District Authority held a hearing at which the farmers concerned could express their wishes (Wunschverhandlung) and on 22 August 1985 the District Authority ordered the provisional transfer of the properties concerned, inter alia, land owned by Ernst Lughofers. In July 1989 the District Authority issued a consolidation plan (Zusammenlegungsplan). Ernst Lughofers appealed, claiming that they had not received adequate land in exchange for their parcels AK 2 and AK 8. On 5 July 1990 the Upper Austria Regional Land Reform Board (Landesagrarsenat) dismissed Ernst Lughofers' appeal after an oral hearing held in private, but in the presence of the parties and their lawyer.
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"001-58367_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-58367_a8_em42", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 3400}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3541, "entity_id": "001-58367_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-58367_a8_em43", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 3521}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Ernst Lughofer", "meta": {"applicant": "Ernst Lughofer", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1999}, "doc_id": "001-58367", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court by Mr Ernst Lughofer and Mrs Anna Lughofer (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), Austrian nationals, on 22 October 1998, within the three-month period laid down by former Articles 32 \u00a7 1 and 47 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It originated in an application (no. 22811/93) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 by the applicants. The applicants are represented by Mr E. Proksch, a lawyer practising in Vienna (Austria). The Government of Austria are represented by their Agent, Mr F. Cede, Ambassador, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The applicants\u2019 application to the Court referred to Article 48 as amended by Protocol No. 90, which Austria had ratified. The object of the application was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nFollowing the entry into force of Protocol No. 11 to the Convention on 1 November 1998 and in accordance with Article 5 \u00a7 4 thereof read in conjunction with Rule 100 \u00a7 1 and Rule 24 \u00a7 6 of the Rules of Court, a Panel of the Grand Chamber decided on 14 January 1999 that the case should be dealt with by a Chamber constituted within one of the Sections of the Court.\n\nIn accordance with Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court, the President of the Court, Mr L. Wildhaber, assigned the case to the Third Section. The Chamber ultimately constituted within the Section included Mr. J.-P. Costa, Mr P. K\u016bris, Mrs F. Tulkens, Mr W. Fuhrmann, Mr K. Jungwiert, Mrs H.S. Greve and Mr K. Traja.\n\nOn 12 March 1999 the President of the Chamber invited the parties to submit a memorial on the issues of the case. By letter of 29 April 1999 the applicants informed the Court that they did not wish to submit a memorial; on 17 May 1999 the Government conceded that there had been a violation of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention in the circumstances of the case.\n\nAfter consulting the Agent of the Government and applicants\u2019 lawyer the Chamber decided not to hold a hearing in the case.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants' farm was the object of land consolidation proceedings (Zusammenlegungsverfahren) instituted by the Gmunden District Agricultural Authority (Agrarbezirksbeh\u00f6rde) on 22 February 1973.\n\nOn 21 August 1984 the District Authority held a hearing at which the farmers concerned could express their wishes (Wunschverhandlung) and on 22 August 1985 the District Authority ordered the provisional transfer of the properties concerned, inter alia, land owned by the applicants. In July 1989 the District Authority issued a consolidation plan (Zusammenlegungsplan). The applicants appealed, claiming that they had not received adequate land in exchange for their parcels AK 2 and AK 8. On 5 July 1990 the Upper Austria Regional Land Reform Board (Landesagrarsenat) dismissed the applicants' appeal after an oral hearing held in private, but in the presence of the parties and their lawyer.\n\nOn 25 September 1990 the applicants filed a complaint with the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) against the above decision. 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Milenko Stojakovic was born in 1944 and lives in Linz. Since 1984 Milenko Stojakovic was the head of the Federal Bacteriological Serological Research Institute (Bundesstaatiche bakteriologisch-serologische Untersuchungsanstalt) in Linz. According to the activity profile submitted by the Government the tasks of the Institute involved • carrying out of various examinations, namely examinations upon official request under the relevant Health Acts and bacteriological examinations of water quality; • research, collection and transfer of data; assistance to the installation and maintenance of a notification system concerning certain infectious diseases; maintenance of a specific network on epidemiological diseases integrating EU and other international networks; • participation in international scientific projects and studies; • provision of general information and advice, such as advice concerning prevention and transfer of infectious diseases and use of antibiotics; • assistance by giving of expert advice in the elaboration of quality standards for microbiological laboratories, of national recommendations in the field of hygiene, medical microbiology and preventive medicine and of epidemic legislation; • representation of the competent Ministry's department in national and international expert groups. Milenko Stojakovic, as head of the Institute, was responsible for all tasks entrusted to it. Under section 3 of the Civil Servants Act (Beamten-Dienstrechtsgesetz) he was further responsible for certain matters concerning the regulation of its service, namely the arrangement of vacation and grant of special leave, and had the authority to issue decisions (Bescheide) in this regard.
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"entity_id": "001-77942_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-77942_a8_em38", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Appeals Commission", "start_offset": 6980}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7182, "entity_id": "001-77942_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-77942_a8_em39", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Appeals Commission", "start_offset": 7164}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7490, "entity_id": "001-77942_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-77942_a8_em40", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "26 November 2001", "start_offset": 7474}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7515, "entity_id": "001-77942_a8_e40", "entity_mention_id": "001-77942_a8_em41", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 7495}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7997, "entity_id": "001-77942_a8_e41", "entity_mention_id": "001-77942_a8_em42", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 February 2002", "start_offset": 7981}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Milenko Stojakovic", "meta": {"applicant": "Milenko Stojakovic", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2006}, "doc_id": "001-77942", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 30003/02) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Milenko Stojakovic (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 7 August 2002.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr M. Poduschka, a lawyer practising in Perg. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant complained, in particular, under Article 6 of the Convention about the lack of a public oral hearing before a tribunal.\n\nThe application was allocated to the First Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nOn 1 November 2004 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed First Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1).\n\nBy a decision of 5 July 2005, the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nThe applicant, but not the Government, filed further written observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1944 and lives in Linz.\n\nSince 1984 the applicant was the head of the Federal Bacteriological Serological Research Institute (Bundesstaatiche bakteriologisch-serologische Untersuchungsanstalt) in Linz. According to the activity profile submitted by the Government the tasks of the Institute involved \u2022 carrying out of various examinations, namely examinations upon official request under the relevant Health Acts and bacteriological examinations of water quality; \u2022 research, collection and transfer of data; assistance to the installation and maintenance of a notification system concerning certain infectious diseases; maintenance of a specific network on epidemiological diseases integrating EU and other international networks; \u2022 participation in international scientific projects and studies; \u2022 provision of general information and advice, such as advice concerning prevention and transfer of infectious diseases and use of antibiotics; \u2022 assistance by giving of expert advice in the elaboration of quality standards for microbiological laboratories, of national recommendations in the field of hygiene, medical microbiology and preventive medicine and of epidemic legislation; \u2022 representation of the competent Ministry's department in national and international expert groups.\n\nThe applicant, as head of the Institute, was responsible for all tasks entrusted to it. Under section 3 of the Civil Servants Act (Beamten-Dienstrechtsgesetz) he was further responsible for certain matters concerning the regulation of its service, namely the arrangement of vacation and grant of special leave, and had the authority to issue decisions (Bescheide) in this regard.\n\nOn 22 November 1999 the Disciplinary Commission at the Ministry for Work, Health and Social Affairs (Disziplinarkommission beim Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales) found the applicant guilty of having violated his professional duties under the Non-Discrimination Act (Bundes-Gleichbehandlungsgesetz) and sentenced him to a fine of approximately 2,400 euros (EUR). It found that the applicant inter alia had made statements about some of his employees amounting to sexual harassment. On 15 June 2000 the Senior Disciplinary Board at the Ministry for Public Service and Sport (Disziplinaroberkommission beim Bundesministerium f\u00fcr \u00f6ffentliche Leistung und Sport) partly dismissed the applicant's appeal. It reduced the fine to approximately EUR 1,600. On 4 September 2003 the Administrative Court dismissed the applicant's complaint.\n\nIn the meantime, on 31 March 2000, the Federal Minister for Work, Health and Social Affairs recalled the applicant from his post with immediate effect (Abberufung mit sofortiger Wirkung) and transferred him to a post with a lower grade, namely a referee post at the Ministry for Work, Health and Social Affairs in Vienna.\n\nReferring to the applicant's behaviour which was the subject of the pending disciplinary proceedings, the Federal Minister found that the applicant had violated his professional duties, and could no longer be trusted to perform the managerial duties as head of the Institute. She referred to section 38 of the Civil Servants Act according to which a transfer can be ordered ex officio in case of important official interest. At the same time she informed the applicant that the payment of the extra duty allowance (Verwendungszulage) granted to him as head of the Institute was to be discontinued from 1 May 2000.\n\nOn 17 April 2000 the applicant filed an appeal and submitted that the disciplinary proceedings were still pending.\n\nOn 21 June 2000 the applicant, assisted by his counsel, filed further submissions. He submitted that the Federal Minister had not made sufficient findings as to the background in which his statements had been made and had placed them in the wrong context. He further contested that he had made one of the statements and requested to hear a witness in the context of a hearing. He finally argued that the Senior Disciplinary Board had partly granted his appeal and that the disciplinary proceedings were still pending. There were, therefore, no reasons for his transfer.\n\nOn 9 October 2000 the Appeals Commission (Berufungs-kommission) at the Ministry for Public Service and Sport dismissed the applicant's appeal without holding a hearing. It noted that the authority deciding on the transfer did not necessarily need to wait for the outcome of pending disciplinary proceedings but could assess itself whether a civil servant had violated his professional duties and whether such a violation requested a transfer. The applicant's arguments concerned mainly the question of his guilt, which was the subject of the disciplinary proceedings. Its task was to ascertain whether the applicant's transfer was objectively necessary. It nevertheless examined and dismissed the applicant's arguments as to the alleged justifying context in which the statements had been made. It further acknowledged that it was in fact not clear whether the applicant had made one of the statements at issue. However, having regard to all other statements it confirmed the Federal Minister's finding that the applicant could no longer be trusted to perform the tasks of a head of the Institute. In particular that the applicant's unqualified behaviour had deepened the already existent conflicts and tensions at work and there was, therefore, an important official interest which made his transfer to another post necessary.\n\nOn 6 December 2000 the applicant filed a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof). He complained that the fact that the Appeals Commission had taken its decision after a private meeting was in violation of his right to court proceedings under Article 6 of the Convention. Furthermore he alleged that the Appeals Commission had decided arbitrarily as it had not duly taken account of his arguments made in the disciplinary proceedings according to which the proceedings against him had to be seen in the context of the Ministry's restructuring programme and were aimed at obliging him to take early retirement.\n\nOn 26 November 2001 the Constitutional Court dismissed the applicant's complaint. Referring to its case-law it found that rights and obligations which resulted from an employment as a civil servant could not be considered as \u201ccivil rights\u201d within the meaning of Article 6 of the Convention. It followed that Article 6 was not applicable to the applicant's case. 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| 1
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Milovan Popović was born in 1954 and lives in Hamburg. A. The proceedings before the Hamburg Regional Court
On 13 November 1996 K., a dentist, brought an action in the Hamburg Regional Court against Milovan Popović. He claimed the payment of medical fees amounting to DEM 20,708 (some EUR 10,587) for Milovan Popović's dental treatment. On 6 March 1997 the Regional Court held a hearing with the parties, represented by counsel.
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"check", "end_offset": 6671, "entity_id": "001-102808_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-102808_a8_em102", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Hamburg Court of Appeal", "start_offset": 6648}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 6914, "entity_id": "001-102808_a8_e21", "entity_mention_id": "001-102808_a8_em103", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Court", "start_offset": 6900}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 7020, "entity_id": "001-102808_a8_e64", "entity_mention_id": "001-102808_a8_em104", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "EUR 2,846.95", "start_offset": 7008}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Milovan Popovi\u0107", "meta": {"applicant": "Milovan Popovi\u0107", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2011}, "doc_id": "001-102808", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 34236/06) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Montenegrin national, Mr Milovan Popovi\u0107 (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 11 August 2006.\n\nThe German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mrs A. Wittling-Vogel, Ministerialdirigentin, of the Federal Ministry of Justice.\n\nOn 21 April 2008 the President of the Fifth Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nThe Federal Republic of Germany having accepted the provisional application of the provisions of Protocol no. 14 governing the power of three judge Committees to rule on cases in which there is a well-established case-law, it was decided to assign the application to a Committee after consultation of both parties, who did not object. On 2 March 2010 the Committee, having deliberated, decided to refer the application to a Chamber.\n\nThe Government of Montenegro, having been informed of their right to intervene in the proceedings (Article 36 \u00a7 1 of the Convention and Rule 44 of the Rules of Court), have not indicated that they wished to exercise that right.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1954 and lives in Hamburg.\n\nA. The proceedings before the Hamburg Regional Court\n\nOn 13 November 1996 K., a dentist, brought an action in the Hamburg Regional Court against the applicant. He claimed the payment of medical fees amounting to DEM 20,708 (some EUR 10,587) for the applicant's dental treatment.\n\nOn 6 March 1997 the Regional Court held a hearing with the parties, represented by counsel. On 3 July 1997 it heard the submissions of the parties and a witness, the applicant's fianc\u00e9e.\n\nOn 31 July 1997 the Regional Court decided to consult a medical expert, M., on the question of whether K. had carried out the applicant's dental treatment correctly.\n\nOn 14 May 1998 M., having examined the applicant on 19 December 1997, submitted his report to the Regional Court, which had asked him on three occasions to finalize the report and had finally fixed a deadline for its submission. He found that there had not been any malpractice in the applicant's dental treatment.\n\nOn 24 September 1998 the Regional Court dismissed the objection the applicant had made to expert M. on 15 June 1998. The applicant's appeal against this decision to the Hamburg Court of Appeal was to no avail.\n\nOn 12 February 1999 the Hamburg Regional Court asked expert M. to supplement his report and granted the applicant legal aid.\n\nOn 24 September 1999 the applicant requested the court to fix a deadline for submission of the additional expert report on pain of a fine in the event of non-compliance.\n\nOn 29 February 2000 expert M., having been asked by the Regional Court on 24 June 1999, 30 August 1999, 17 September 1999 and 14 January 2000 to submit his additional report without undue delay, informed the court that he had examined the applicant on 22 October 1999 but that, in the light of the present state of the art, it was impossible to answer the court's questions.\n\nOn 20 July 2000, having consulted the parties, the Hamburg Regional Court decided to obtain another expert opinion on the question of whether K. had carried out the applicant's dental treatment correctly. By a decision of 14 December 2000, it appointed S. as expert.\n\nOn 11 June 2001 expert S. submitted his report to the court. Having examined the applicant on 27 February 2001, he found that there had been malpractice in some aspects of the applicant's dental treatment by K.\n\nOn 15 January 2002 the Regional Court informed the applicant, on his request, that despite its heavy workload, it intended to continue the proceedings soon.\n\nOn 6 June 2002 the Regional Court held a hearing in which it discussed the results of the expert reports submitted by M. and S. with the parties. The applicant rejected the court's proposal to conclude a friendly settlement.\n\nOn 27 June 2002 the Regional Court, having regard to the diverging conclusions of the two experts it had consulted, decided to obtain a decisive expert opinion (Obergutachten) on the question of whether the applicant's dental treatment had been carried out correctly.\n\nOn 25 October 2002 the Hamburg Regional Court decided to appoint W. as expert. The latter fixed the date for the applicant's examination for 9 December 2003.\n\nOn 1 December 2003, in compliance with an expulsion order made by the Hamburg Aliens Office, the applicant left Germany. His attempt to obtain a postponement of his expulsion for ten days in order to allow him to be examined by expert W. had been to no avail.\n\nOn 9 September 2004 the Regional Court fixed the deadline for the applicant to present himself for an examination by the expert at 30 November 2004.\n\nOn 1 December 2004 the Regional Court decided that expert W. should give her opinion on the basis of the case file. It noted that it was unclear when the applicant, who still resided abroad, would obtain a residence permit and could thus be examined in person by the expert.\n\nOn 27 July 2005 expert W., having been asked by the Regional Court to finalize her report without delay, submitted her report to the Regional Court. She found that on the basis of the case file, the applicant's medical treatment by K. had been carried out correctly. She considered the information in the file to be exhaustive and stated that an examination of the applicant in person would not have yielded additional information.\n\nOn 1 August 2005 the applicant obtained permission to re-enter Germany. He took up residence in Hamburg on 3 August 2005.\n\nOn 27 October 2005 the Hamburg Regional Court, having held a hearing on 29 September 2005, allowed K.'s action and ordered the applicant to pay him medical fees amounting to EUR 10,587.93 plus interest at a rate of four per cent starting from 22 November 1996. The applicant was further ordered to bear the costs of the proceedings. The Regional Court found (in a judgment running to seven pages) that in view of the expert report submitted, in particular, by W., it had not been shown that the applicant's medical treatment had not been carried out correctly.\n\nB. The proceedings before the Hamburg Court of Appeal\n\nOn 10 May 2006, in a reasoned decision, the Hamburg Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant's request for legal aid as his appeal had no prospects of success.\n\nBy decision of 19 June 2006 the Hamburg Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant's appeal as it had no prospects of success.\n\nThe applicant subsequently paid the court costs due in their entirety. He did not, however, pay the plaintiff the medical fees plus interest as ordered by the Regional Court's judgment and did not reimburse the plaintiff any of the latter's costs of the proceedings (EUR 2,846.95) for lack of any income or revenues.", "applicant": "Milovan Popovi\u0107", "offset": 1415, "idx_mapping": [1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1415, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843], "duplicates": 1}
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Josef Schreder was a shareholder in a limited liability company, but assigned his shares to another shareholder in 1985. Subsequently, the company went bankrupt. On 8 April 1986 a bank which had extended credit to the company filed an action against Josef Schreder with the Innsbruck Regional Court (Landesgericht) requesting repayment because of his joint and several liability for the credit. On 29 April 1986 the first hearing was held and on 14 July 1986 the second. On 1 August 1986 the file was transmitted to the Lienz District Court (Bezirksgericht) to hear two witnesses and Josef Schreder.
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"related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Court of Appeal", "start_offset": 4689}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4758, "entity_id": "001-59983_a8_e56", "entity_mention_id": "001-59983_a8_em60", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "30 January 1997", "start_offset": 4743}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 4799, "entity_id": "001-59983_a8_e57", "entity_mention_id": "001-59983_a8_em61", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof)", "start_offset": 4763}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4877, "entity_id": "001-59983_a8_e58", "entity_mention_id": "001-59983_a8_em62", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 February 1997", "start_offset": 4861}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Josef Schreder", "meta": {"applicant": "Josef Schreder", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 112, 49, 45, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2001}, "doc_id": "001-59983", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 38536/97) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Josef Schreder (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 9 January 1997.\n\nThe applicant was represented before the Court by Mr W. Dellacher, a lawyer practising in Klagenfurt. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, that civil proceedings concerning him lasted unreasonably long.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nBy a decision of 21 November 2000 the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nAs of 1 November 2001 the application was allocated to the First Section of the Court. Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nThe applicant was a shareholder in a limited liability company, but assigned his shares to another shareholder in 1985. Subsequently, the company went bankrupt.\n\nOn 8 April 1986 a bank which had extended credit to the company filed an action against the applicant with the Innsbruck Regional Court (Landesgericht) requesting repayment because of his joint and several liability for the credit.\n\nOn 29 April 1986 the first hearing was held and on 14 July 1986 the second. On 1 August 1986 the file was transmitted to the Lienz District Court (Bezirksgericht) to hear two witnesses and the applicant. On 18 November 1986 the Lienz District Court returned the file to the Innsbruck District Court. On 25 November 1986 the file was transmitted to the Salzburg District Court to hear witnesses. The file was returned on 12 May 1987 and 10 September 1987 was set down as date for the next hearing. It was postponed upon the applicant\u2019s request and was eventually held on 6 October 1987. On 18 November 1987 the court appointed a banking expert. On 11 February 1988 the file was again transmitted to the Lienz District Court for the hearing of a further witness. It was returned on 3 March and sent to the expert on 22 April 1988. The expert delivered his opinion on 23 September 1988. The applicant\u2019s request for an extension of the time\u2011limit to comment on the expert opinion was granted and the time\u2011limit set at 14 November 1988. On 19 January 1989 another hearing was held.\n\nOn 20 February 1989 the Regional Court granted the bank\u2019s claim having regard to the submissions of the parties, witnesses and the expert, to documentary evidence and to the case files of the bankruptcy proceedings.\n\nOn 29 March 1989 the applicant appealed against this decision. On 25 August 1989 the Innsbruck Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht) quashed the decision and referred the case back to the Regional Court.\n\nA hearing which was scheduled by the Innsbruck Regional Court for 22 March 1990 had to be postponed as the claimant had failed to submit necessary documents and a witness could not be summoned. It was held on 29 August 1990. Subsequently, the applicant requested legal aid and on 24 September 1990 requested an extension by four weeks of the time-limit for submitting his declaration of means. On 3 December 1990, after the applicant had been granted legal aid, the expert was ordered to supplement his opinion. The expert complied with this order on 11 October 1991. After a hearing was held on 7 May 1992, the expert was again ordered to supplement his opinion. On 14 September 1993 the expert informed the court that both parties had failed to submit documents required. On 29 September 1993 a further hearing was held at which the court dismissed the applicant\u2019s motion for bias concerning the expert. The next hearing was held on 25 April 1994 and on 9 May 1994 the file was again transmitted to the expert. On 30 January 1995 the expert submitted his supplemented opinion. On 15 March 1995 a further hearing was held.\n\nOn 12 February 1996 the Innsbruck Regional Court again granted the bank\u2019s claim. On 3 April 1996 the applicant appealed against the decision.\n\nOn 12 July 1996 the Innsbruck Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal.\n\nOn 30 January 1997 the Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal. The decision was served on 18 February 1997.", "applicant": "Josef Schreder", "offset": 1498, "idx_mapping": [1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 1498, 2096], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Franziska Prischl was born in 1930 and lives in Gerasdorf. The application concerns land consolidation proceedings involving land belonging to some 500 owners, including Franziska Prischl's husband. In 1986 a valuation schedule (Bewertungsplan) was issued, which became final in October of that year. None of the plots of land belonging to Franziska Prischl's husband was considered to be of special value. By decision of 13 November 1986 the provisional transfer of land (vorläufige Übernahme) was ordered.
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"NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4560, "entity_id": "001-80316_a8_e45", "entity_mention_id": "001-80316_a8_em53", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "October 1997", "start_offset": 4548}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4629, "entity_id": "001-80316_a8_e46", "entity_mention_id": "001-80316_a8_em54", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "22 July 2003", "start_offset": 4617}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Franziska Prischl", "meta": {"applicant": "Franziska Prischl", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-80316", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 2881/04) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mrs Franziska Prischl (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 20 January 2004.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr E. Fritsche, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 5 January 2006 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1930 and lives in Gerasdorf.\n\nThe application concerns land consolidation proceedings involving land belonging to some 500 owners, including the applicant's husband.\n\nIn 1986 a valuation schedule (Bewertungsplan) was issued, which became final in October of that year. None of the plots of land belonging to the applicant's husband was considered to be of special value. By decision of 13 November 1986 the provisional transfer of land (vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcbernahme) was ordered.\n\nIn 1990 the Regional Land Reform Board (Landesargarsenat) issued a consolidation plan (Zusammenlegungsplan) for the Gerasdorf community. The applicant's husband did not appeal, while a number of other parties did. Some of these appeals were successful and the case was remitted to the Regional Land Reform Board.\n\nThe applicant's husband died in 1993 and, by court decision of 15 November 1994, the applicant became his principal heir.\n\nOn 20 June 1995 the Regional Land Reform Board amended the consolidation plan making changes, inter alia, as regards one of the applicant's compensatory parcels. The applicant appealed on 21 August 1995, claiming that some of the plots of land which had belonged to her late husband and had been allocated to another party, were of special value since they could be used for gravel production and that her late husband had not been duly compensated. The applicant was represented by counsel in these and the subsequent proceedings.\n\nOn 6 December 1995 the Supreme Land Reform Board (Oberster Agrarsenat) decided to suspend the appeal proceedings pending further amendments of the consolidation plan.\n\nThe applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof). On 13 March 1996 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the complaint and transferred the case to the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) which received the file on 7 May 1996. On 7 November 1996 the Supreme Land Reform Board submitted its comments.\n\nOn 26 May 1998 the Administrative Court quashed the Supreme Land Reform Board's decision and ordered it to continue the proceedings.\n\nThe Supreme Land Reform Board resumed the proceedings and carried out a visit on the spot on 30 September 1998. Subsequently, it took an expert opinion concerning the value of the plots of land given up by the applicant's late husband and those received in compensation. On 2 December 1998 the Supreme Land Reform Board, after having held a hearing dismissed the applicant's appeal. It found that the compensation in land she had received fulfilled the requirements of the Regional Agricultural Act. A change in value of land could only be taken into account before the valuation schedule became final. This was not the applicant's case, since the licences allowing gravel production had only been issued between 1995 and 1997.\n\nOn 12 February 1999 the applicant filed a complaint with the Constitutional Court. On 8 June 1999 the latter declined to deal with the applicant's case for lack of prospects of success and transferred the case to the Administrative Court. In 1999 six other complaints also relating to the Gerasdorf land consolidation proceedings were lodged with the Administrative Court. The proceedings in all these cases were joined.\n\nOn 3 July 2003 the Administrative Court dismissed the applicant's complaint. It referred to its case-law relating to Section 18 \u00a7 4 of the Regional Agricultural Act (Flurverfassungs-Landesgesetz) according to which a change in value of land could only be taken into account until the validation schedule became final. In support of this view it quoted a number of its judgments given between September 1986 and October 1997.\n\nThe judgment was served on the applicant's counsel on 22 July 2003.", "applicant": "Franziska Prischl", "offset": 857, "idx_mapping": [857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 857, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Mr Jens Olaf Jersild, a Danish national, is a journalist and lives in Copenhagen. He was at the time of the events giving rise to the present case, and still is, employed by Danmarks Radio (Danish Broadcasting Corporation, which broadcasts not only radio but also television programmes), assigned to its Sunday News Magazine (Søndagsavisen). The latter is known as a serious television programme intended for a well-informed audience, dealing with a wide range of social and political issues, including xenophobia, immigration and refugees. A. The Greenjackets item
On 31 May 1985 the newspaper Information published an article describing the racist attitudes of members of a group of young people, calling themselves “the Greenjackets“ (“grønjakkerne“), at Østerbro in Copenhagen.
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"entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Jensen", "start_offset": 27320}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 28729, "entity_id": "001-57891_a8_e104", "entity_mention_id": "001-57891_a8_em200", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Justice Hermann", "start_offset": 28714}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Jens Olaf Jersild", "meta": {"applicant": "Jens Olaf Jersild", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 48, 34, 93], "countries": "DNK", "legal_branch": "GRANDCHAMBER", "year": 1994}, "doc_id": "001-57891", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court on 9 September 1993 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c) and on 11 October 1993 by the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark (\u201cthe Government\u201c), within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201c). It originated in an application (no. 15890/89) against Denmark lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) by a Danish national, Mr Jens Olaf Jersild, on 25 July 1989. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby Denmark recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46); the Government\u2019s application referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48). The object of the request and of the Government\u2019s application was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 10 (art. 10) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3 (d) of the Rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyers who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Mr I. Foighel, the elected judge of Danish nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). However, on 20 September 1993 Mr Foighel withdrew from the case pursuant to Rule 24 para. 2. On 24 September 1993, in the presence of the Registrar, the President drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr R. Macdonald, Mrs E. Palm, Mr R. Pekkanen, Mr M.A. Lopes Rocha, Mr G. Mifsud Bonnici, Mr J. Makarczyk and Mr D. Gotchev (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43). By letter of 29 October the Agent of the Government notified the Registrar of the appointment of Mr K. Waaben as an ad hoc judge; in a letter of 16 November the Agent informed the Registrar that Mr Waaben had withdrawn and that they had therefore appointed Mr A. Philip to replace him (Article 43 of the Convention and Rule 23) (art. 43).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5), Mr Ryssdal, acting through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the Government, the applicant\u2019s lawyers and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 37 para. 1 and 38). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, the Registrar received the Government\u2019s memorial on 18 February 1994 and the applicant\u2019s memorial on 20 February. In a letter of 7 March the Secretary to the Commission informed the Registrar that the Delegate did not wish to reply in writing.\n\nOn 23 February 1994 the President, having consulted the Chamber, had granted leave to Human Rights Watch, a New York based non-governmental human rights organisation, to submit observations on specific aspects of the case (Rule 37 para. 2). The latter\u2019s comments were filed on 23 March. On 23 February the Chamber had authorised (Rule 41 para. 1) the applicant to show the video-recording of the television programme in issue in his case to the judges taking part in the proceedings. A showing was held shortly before the hearing on 20 April.\n\nOn 23 February the Chamber had also decided to relinquish jurisdiction forthwith in favour of a Grand Chamber (Rule 51). The President and the Vice-President, Mr R. Bernhardt, as well as the other members of the Chamber being ex officio members of the Grand Chamber, the names of the additional nine judges were drawn by lot by the President in the presence of the Registrar on 24 February (Rule 51 para. 2 (a) to (c)), namely Mr F. G\u00f6lc\u00fckl\u00fc, Mr C. Russo, Mr A. Spielmann, Mr N. Valticos, Mr S.K. Martens, Mr A.N. Loizou, Mr J.M. Morenilla, Mr L. Wildhaber and Mr B. Repik.\n\nOn various dates between 22 March and 15 April 1994 the Commission produced a number of documents and two video-cassettes, as requested by the Registrar on the President\u2019s instructions, and the applicant submitted further details on his claims under Article 50 (art. 50) of the Convention.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 20 April 1994. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mr T. Lehmann, Ambassador, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Agent, Mr M.B. Elmer, Deputy Permanent Secretary, Chief Legal Adviser, Ministry of Justice, Ms J. Rechnagel, Minister Counsellor, Ministry of Justice, Mr J. Lundum, Head of Section, Ministry of Justice, Advisers;\n\nfor the Commission Mr C.L. Rozakis, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicant Mr K. Boyle, Barrister, Professor of Law at the University of Essex, Mr T. Trier, advokat, Lecturer of Law at the University of Copenhagen, Counsel, Mrs L. Johannessen, lawyer, Adviser. The Court heard addresses by Mr Rozakis, Mr Lehmann, Mr Elmer, Mr Boyle and Mr Trier, and also replies to a question put by the President.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nMr Jens Olaf Jersild, a Danish national, is a journalist and lives in Copenhagen. He was at the time of the events giving rise to the present case, and still is, employed by Danmarks Radio (Danish Broadcasting Corporation, which broadcasts not only radio but also television programmes), assigned to its Sunday News Magazine (S\u00f8ndagsavisen). The latter is known as a serious television programme intended for a well-informed audience, dealing with a wide range of social and political issues, including xenophobia, immigration and refugees.\n\nA. The Greenjackets item\n\nOn 31 May 1985 the newspaper Information published an article describing the racist attitudes of members of a group of young people, calling themselves \u201cthe Greenjackets\u201c (\u201cgr\u00f8njakkerne\u201c), at \u00d8sterbro in Copenhagen. In the light of this article, the editors of the Sunday News Magazine decided to produce a documentary on the Greenjackets. Subsequently the applicant contacted representatives of the group, inviting three of them together with Mr Per Axholt, a social worker employed at the local youth centre, to take part in a television interview. During the interview, which was conducted by the applicant, the three Greenjackets made abusive and derogatory remarks about immigrants and ethnic groups in Denmark. It lasted between five and six hours, of which between two and two and a half hours were video-recorded. Danmarks Radio paid the interviewees fees in accordance with its usual practice.\n\nThe applicant subsequently edited and cut the film of the interview down to a few minutes. On 21 July 1985 this was broadcast by Danmarks Radio as a part of the Sunday News Magazine. The programme consisted of a variety of items, for instance on the martial law in South Africa, on the debate on profit-sharing in Denmark and on the late German writer Heinrich B\u00f6ll. The transcript of the Greenjackets item reads as follows [(I): TV presenter; (A): the applicant; (G): one or other of the Greenjackets]: (I) \u201cIn recent years, a great deal has been said about racism in Denmark. The papers are currently publishing stories about distrust and resentment directed against minorities. Who are the people who hate the minorities? Where do they come from? What is their mentality like? Mr Jens Olaf Jersild has visited a group of extremist youths at \u00d8sterbro in Copenhagen. (A) The flag on the wall is the flag of the Southern States from the American Civil War, but today it is also the symbol of racism, the symbol of the American movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and it shows what Lille Steen, Henrik and Nisse are. Are you a racist? (G) Yes, that\u2019s what I regard myself as. It\u2019s good being a racist. We believe Denmark is for the Danes. (A) Henrik, Lille Steen and all the others are members of a group of young people who live in Studsg\u00e5rdsgade, called STUDSEN, in \u00d8sterbro in Copenhagen. It is public housing, a lot of the inhabitants are unemployed and on social security; the crime rate is high. Some of the young people in this neighbourhood have already been involved in criminal activities and have already been convicted. (G) It was an ordinary armed robbery at a petrol station. (A) What did you do? (G) Nothing. I just ran into a petrol station with a ... gun and made them give me some money. Then I ran out again. That\u2019s all. (A) What about you, what happened? (G) I don\u2019t wish to discuss that further. (A) But, was it violence? (G) Yes. (A) You have just come out of ... you have been arrested, what were you arrested for? (G) Street violence. (A) What happened? (G) I had a little fight with the police together with some friends. (A) Does that happen often? (G) Yes, out here it does. (A) All in all, there are 20-25 young people from STUDSEN in the same group. They meet not far away from the public housing area near some old houses which are to be torn down. They meet here to reaffirm among other things their racism, their hatred of immigrants and their support for the Ku Klux Klan. (G) The Ku Klux Klan, that\u2019s something that comes from the States in the old days during - you know - the civil war and things like that, because the Northern States wanted that the niggers should be free human beings, man, they are not human beings, they are animals, right, it\u2019s completely wrong, man, the things that happened. People should be allowed to keep slaves, I think so anyway. (A) Because blacks are not human beings? (G) No, you can also see that from their body structure, man, big flat noses, with cauliflower ears etc., man. Broad heads and very broad bodies, man, hairy, you are looking at a gorilla and compare it with an ape, man, then it is the same [behaviour], man, it\u2019s the same movements, long arms, man, long fingers etc., long feet. (A) A lot of people are saying something different. There are a lot of people who say, but ... (G) Just take a picture of a gorilla, man, and then look at a nigger, it\u2019s the same body structure and everything, man, flat forehead and all kinds of things. (A) There are many blacks, for example in the USA, who have important jobs. (G) Of course, there is always someone who wants to show off, as if they are better than the white man, but in the long run, it\u2019s the white man who is better. (A) What does Ku Klux Klan mean to you? (G) It means a great deal, because I think what they do is right. A nigger is not a human being, it\u2019s an animal, that goes for all the other foreign workers as well, Turks, Yugoslavs and whatever they are called. (A) Henrik is 19 years old and on welfare. He lives in a rented room in Studsg\u00e5rdsgade. Henrik is one of the strongest supporters of the Klan, and he hates the foreign workers, \u2018Perkere\u2019 [a very derogatory word in Danish for immigrant workers]. (G) They come up here, man, and sponge on our society. But we, we have enough problems in getting our social benefits, man, they just get it. Fuck, we can argue with those idiots up there at the social benefit office to get our money, man, they just get it, man, they are the first on the housing list, they get better flats than us, man, and some of our friends who have children, man, they are living in the worst slum, man, they can\u2019t even get a shower in their flat, man, then those \u2018Perkere\u2019-families, man, go up there with seven kids, man, and they just get an expensive flat, right there and then. They get everything paid, and things like that, that can\u2019t be right, man, Denmark is for the Danes, right? It is the fact that they are \u2018Perkere\u2019, that\u2019s what we don\u2019t like, right, and we don\u2019t like their mentality - I mean they can damn well, I mean ... what\u2019s it called ... I mean if they feel like speaking Russian in their homes, right, then it\u2019s okay, but what we don\u2019t like is when they walk around in those Zimbabwe-clothes and then speak this hula-hula language in the street, and if you ask them something or if you get into one of their taxis then they say: I don\u2019t know where it is, you give directions right. (A) Is it not so that perhaps you are a bit envious that some of the \u2018Perkere\u2019 as you call them have their own shops, and cars, they can make ends ... (G) It\u2019s drugs they are selling, man, half of the prison population in \u2018Vestre\u2019 are in there because of drugs, man, half of those in Vestre prison anyway, they are the people who are serving time for dealing drugs or something similar. They are in there, all the \u2018Perkere\u2019, because of drugs, right. [That] must be enough, what\u2019s it called, there should not be drugs here in this country, but if it really has to be smuggled in, I think we should do it ourselves, I mean, I think it\u2019s unfair that those foreigners come up here to ... what\u2019s it called ... make Denmark more drug dependent and things like that. We have painted their doors and hoped that they would get fed up with it, so that they would soon leave, and jumped on their cars and thrown paint in their faces when they were lying in bed sleeping. (A) What was it you did with that paint - why paint? (G) Because it was white paint, I think that suited them well, that was the intended effect. (A) You threw paint through the windows of an immigrant family? (G) Yes. (A) What happened? (G) He just got it in his face, that\u2019s all. Well, I think he woke up, and then he came out and shouted something in his hula-hula language. (A) Did he report it to the police? (G) I don\u2019t know if he did, I mean, he won\u2019t get anywhere by doing that. (A) Why not? (G) I don\u2019t know, it\u2019s just kid\u2019s stuff, like other people throwing water in people\u2019s faces, he got paint in his. They can\u2019t make anything out of that. --- (A) Per Axholt, known as \u2018Pax\u2019 [(P)], is employed in the youth centre in Studsg\u00e5rdsgade. He has worked there for several years, but many give up a lot sooner because of the tough environment. Per Axholt feels that the reasons why the young people are persecuting the immigrants is that they are themselves powerless and disappointed. What do you think they would say that they want, if you asked them? (P) Just what you and I want. Some control over their lives, work which may be considered decent and which they like, a reasonable economic situation, a reasonably functioning family, a wife or a husband and some children, a reasonable middle-class life such as you and I have. (A) They do many things which are sure to prevent them from getting it. (P) That is correct. (A) Why do you think they do this? (P) Because they have nothing better to do. They have been told over a long period that the means by which to achieve success is money. They won\u2019t be able to get money legitimately, so often they try to obtain it through criminal activity. Sometimes they succeed, sometimes not, and that\u2019s why we see a lot of young people in that situation go to prison, because it doesn\u2019t work. --- (A) How old were you when you started your criminal activities? (G) I don\u2019t know, about 14 I guess. (A) What did you do? (G) The first time, I can\u2019t remember, I don\u2019t know, burglary. (A) Do you have what one might call a criminal career? (G) I don\u2019t know if you can call it that. (A) You committed your first crime when you were 14. (G) Well, you can put it that way, I mean, if that is a criminal career. If you have been involved in crime since the age of 15 onwards, then I guess you can say I\u2019ve had a criminal career. (A) Will you tell me about some of the things you have done? (G) No, not really. It\u2019s been the same over and over again. There has been pinching of videos, where the \u2018Perkere\u2019 have been our customers, so they have money. If people want to be out here and have a nice time and be racists and drink beer, and have fun, then it\u2019s quite obvious you don\u2019t want to sit in the slammer. (A) But is the threat of imprisonment something that really deters people from doing something illegal? (G) No, it\u2019s not prison, that doesn\u2019t frighten people. (A) Is that why you hear stories about people from out here fighting with knives etc., night after night. Is the reason for this the fact that they are not afraid of the police getting hold of them? (G) Yes, nothing really comes of it, I mean, there are no bad consequences, so probably that\u2019s why. For instance fights and stabbings and smashing up things ... If you really get into the joint it would be such a ridiculously small sentence, so it would be, I mean ... usually we are released the next day. Last time we caused some trouble over at the pub, they let us out the next morning. Nothing really comes of it. It doesn\u2019t discourage us, but there were five of us, who just came out and then we had a celebration for the last guy, who came out yesterday, they probably don\u2019t want to go in again for some time so they probably won\u2019t commit big crimes again. (A) You would like to move back to Studsg\u00e5rdsgade where you grew up, but we know for sure that it\u2019s an environment with a high crime rate. Would you like your child to grow up like you? (G) No, and I don\u2019t think she will. Firstly, because she is a girl, statistics show that the risk is not that high, I mean they probably don\u2019t do it, but you don\u2019t have to be a criminal because you live in an environment with a high crime rate. I just wouldn\u2019t accept it, if she was mugging old women and stealing their handbags. (A) What if she was among those beating up the immigrants etc. What then? (G) That would be okay. I wouldn\u2019t have anything against that. --- (I) We will have to see if the mentality of this family changes in the next generation. Finally, we would like to say that groups of young people like this one in STUDSEN at \u00d8sterbro, have been formed elsewhere in Copenhagen.\u201c\n\nB. Proceedings in the City Court of Copenhagen\n\nFollowing the programme no complaints were made to the Radio Council, which had competence in such matters, or to Danmarks Radio but the Bishop of \u00c5lborg complained to the Minister of Justice. After undertaking investigations the Public Prosecutor instituted criminal proceedings in the City Court of Copenhagen (K\u00f8benhavns Byret) against the three youths interviewed by the applicant, charging them with a violation of Article 266 (b) of the Penal Code (straffeloven) (see paragraph 19 below) for having made the statements cited below: \u201c... the Northern States wanted that the niggers should be free human beings, man, they are not human beings, they are animals.\u201c \u201cJust take a picture of a gorilla, man, and then look at a nigger, it\u2019s the same body structure and everything, man, flat forehead and all kinds of things.\u201c \u201cA nigger is not a human being, it\u2019s an animal, that goes for all the other foreign workers as well, Turks, Yugoslavs and whatever they are called.\u201c \u201cIt is the fact that they are \u2018Perkere\u2019, that\u2019s what we don\u2019t like, right, and we don\u2019t like their mentality ... what we don\u2019t like is when they walk around in those Zimbabwe-clothes and then speak this hula-hula language in the street ...\u201c \u201cIt\u2019s drugs they are selling, man, half of the prison population in \u2018Vestre\u2019 are in there because of drugs ... they are the people who are serving time for dealing drugs ...\u201c \u201cThey are in there, all the \u2018Perkere\u2019, because of drugs ...\u201c The applicant was charged, under Article 266 (b) in conjunction with Article 23 (see paragraph 19 below), with aiding and abetting the three youths; the same charge was brought against the head of the news section of Danmarks Radio, Mr Lasse Jensen.\n\nIn the City Court counsel for the applicant and Mr Jensen called for their acquittal. He argued that the conduct of the applicant and Mr Jensen could in no way be compared to that of the other three defendants, with whose views they did not sympathise. They sought merely to provide a realistic picture of a social problem; in fact the programme only provoked resentment and aroused pity in respect of the three other defendants, who had exposed themselves to ridicule on their own terms. Accordingly, it was by no means the intention of Danmarks Radio to persuade others to subscribe to the same views as the Greenjackets, rather the contrary. Under the relevant law a distinction had to be drawn between the persons who made the statements and the programme editors, the latter enjoying a special freedom of expression. Having at that time a broadcasting monopoly, Danmarks Radio was under a duty to impart all opinions of public interest in a manner that reflected the speaker\u2019s way of expressing himself. The public also had an interest in being informed of notoriously bad social attitudes, even those which were unpleasant. The programme was broadcast in the context of a public debate which had resulted in press comments, for instance in Information, and was simply an honest report on the realities of the youths in question. Counsel, referring inter alia to the above-mentioned article in Information, also pointed to the fact that no consistent prosecution policy had been followed in cases of this nature.\n\nOn 24 April 1987 the City Court convicted the three youths, one of them for having stated that \u201cniggers\u201c and \u201cforeign workers\u201c were \u201canimals\u201c, and two of them for their assertions in relation to drugs and \u201cPerkere\u201c. The applicant was convicted of aiding and abetting them, as was Mr Jensen, in his capacity as programme controller; they were sentenced to pay day-fines (dagsb\u00f8der) totalling 1,000 and 2,000 Danish kroner, respectively, or alternatively to five days\u2019 imprisonment (h\u00e6fte). As regards the applicant, the City Court found that, following the article in Information of 31 May 1985, he had visited the Greenjackets and after a conversation with Mr Axholt, amongst others, agreed that the three youths should participate in a television programme. The object of the programme had been to demonstrate the attitude of the Greenjackets to the racism at \u00d8sterbro, previously mentioned in the article in Information, and to show their social background. Accordingly, so the City Court held, the applicant had himself taken the initiative of making the television programme and, further, he had been well aware in advance that discriminatory statements of a racist nature were likely to be made during the interview. The interview had lasted several hours, during which beer, partly paid for by Danmarks Radio, was consumed. In this connection the applicant had encouraged the Greenjackets to express their racist views, which, in so far as they were broadcast on television, in itself constituted a breach of Article 266 (b) of the Penal Code. The statements were broadcast without any counterbalancing comments, after the recordings had been edited by the applicant. He was accordingly guilty of aiding and abetting the violation of Article 266 (b).\n\nC. Proceedings in the High Court of Eastern Denmark\n\nThe applicant and Mr Jensen, but not the three Greenjackets, appealed against the City Court\u2019s judgment to the High Court of Eastern Denmark (\u00d8stre Landsret). They essentially reiterated the submissions made before the City Court and, in addition, the applicant explained that, although he had suspected that the Greenjackets\u2019 statements were punishable, he had refrained from omitting these from the programme, considering it crucial to show their actual attitude. He assumed that they were aware that they might incur criminal liability by making the statements and had therefore not warned them of this fact.\n\nBy judgment of 16 June 1988 the High Court, by five votes to one, dismissed the appeal. The dissenting member was of the view that, although the statements by the Greenjackets constituted offences under Article 266 (b) of the Penal Code, the applicant and Mr Jensen had not transgressed the bounds of the freedom of speech to be enjoyed by television and other media, since the object of the programme was to inform about and animate public discussion on the particular racist attitudes and social background of the youth group in question.\n\nD. Proceedings in the Supreme Court\n\nWith leave the applicant and Mr Jensen appealed from the High Court judgment to the Supreme Court (H\u00f8jesteret), which by four votes to one dismissed the appeal in a judgment of 13 February 1989. The majority held: \u201cThe defendants have caused the publication of the racist statements made by a narrow circle of persons and thereby made those persons liable to punishment and have thus, as held by the City Court and the High Court, violated Article 266 (b) in conjunction with Article 23 of the Penal Code. [We] do not find that an acquittal of the defendants could be justified on the ground of freedom of expression in matters of public interest as opposed to the interest in the protection against racial discrimination. [We] therefore vote in favour of confirming the judgment [appealed from].\u201c Justice Pontoppidan stated in his dissent: \u201cThe object of the programme was to contribute to information on an issue - the attitude towards foreigners - which was the subject of extensive and sometimes emotional public debate. The programme must be presumed to have given a clear picture of the Greenjackets\u2019 views, of which the public was thus given an opportunity to be informed and form its own opinion. In view of the nature of these views, any counterbalancing during or immediately before or after would not have served a useful purpose. Although it concerned a relatively small group of people holding extreme views, the programme had a fair degree of news and information value. The fact that the defendants took the initiative to disseminate such views is not of paramount importance for the assessment of their conduct. In these circumstances and irrespective of the fact that the statements rightly have been found to be in violation of Article 266 (b), I question the advisability of finding the defendants guilty of aiding and abetting the violation of this provision. I therefore vote in favour of the defendants\u2019 acquittal.\u201c\n\nWhen the Supreme Court has rendered judgment in a case raising important issues of principle it is customary that a member of the majority publishes a detailed and authoritative statement of the reasons for the judgment. In keeping with this custom, Justice Hermann on 20 January 1990 published such a statement in the Weekly Law Journal (Ugeskrift for Retsv\u00e6sen, 1989, p. 399). As regards the conviction of the applicant and Mr Jensen, the majority had attached importance to the fact that they had caused the racist statements to be made public. The applicant\u2019s item had not been a direct report on a meeting. He had himself contacted the three youths and caused them to make assertions such as those previously made in Information, which he knew of and probably expected them to repeat. He had himself cut the recording of the interview, lasting several hours, down to a few minutes containing the crude comments. The statements, which would hardly have been punishable under Article 266 (b) of the Penal Code had they not been made to a wide circle (\u201cvidere kreds\u201c) of people, became clearly punishable as they were broadcast on television on the applicant\u2019s initiative and with Mr Jensen\u2019s approval. It was therefore beyond doubt that they had aided and abetted the dissemination of the statements. Acquitting the applicant and Mr Jensen could only be justified by reasons clearly outweighing the wrongfulness of their actions. In this connection, the interest in protecting those grossly insulted by the statements had to be weighed up against that of informing the public of the statements. Whilst it is desirable to allow the press the best possible conditions for reporting on society, press freedom cannot be unlimited since freedom of expression is coupled with responsibilities. In striking a balance between the various interests involved, the majority had regard to the fact that the statements, which were brought to a wide circle of people, consisted of series of inarticulate, defamatory remarks and insults spoken by members of an insignificant group whose opinions could hardly be of interest to many people. Their news or information value was not such as to justify their dissemination and therefore did not warrant acquitting the defendants. This did not mean that extremist views could not be reported in the press, but such reports must be carried out in a more balanced and comprehensive manner than was the case in the television programme in question. Direct reports from meetings which were a matter of public interest should also be permitted. The minority, on the other hand, considered that the right to information overrode the interests protected by Article 266 (b) of the Penal Code. 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C. Langum Becker is a journalist for DN.no, a Norwegian Internet-based version of the newspaper Dagens Næringsliv (“DN”), published by the company DN Nye Medier AS. On 23 June 2010 Mr X was indicted for market manipulation and insider trading under the 1997 Act on the Trade of Financial Assets (verdipapirhandelloven). He was accused of having requested Mr Y, an attorney, to draft a letter concerning the Norwegian Oil Company (“DNO”), a limited liability company quoted on the stock exchange. The letter, addressed to a trustee company representing the interests of bond holders in DNO (“the bond trustee company”), gave the impression that it had been written on behalf of a number of bond holders who were seriously concerned about the company’s liquidity, finances and future. In fact, it had been written only on Mr X’s behalf.
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Langum Becker", "meta": {"applicant": "C. Langum Becker", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 48, 34, 93], "countries": "NOR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2017}, "doc_id": "001-177349", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 21272/12) against the Kingdom of Norway lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Norwegian national, Ms C. Langum Becker, on 13 March 2012. The applicant was born in 1980 and lives in Oslo. She is represented before the Court by Mr V. Str\u00f8mme, a lawyer practising in Oslo.\n\nThe Norwegian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by Mr C. Reusch of the Attorney General\u2019s Office (Civil Matters) as their Agent.\n\nThe applicant alleged that she had been compelled to give evidence that would have enabled one or more journalistic sources to be identified, in violation of her right under Article 10 of the Convention to receive and impart information.\n\nOn 23 October 2013 notice of the application was given to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant is a journalist for DN.no, a Norwegian Internet-based version of the newspaper Dagens N\u00e6ringsliv (\u201cDN\u201d), published by the company DN Nye Medier AS.\n\nOn 23 June 2010 Mr X was indicted for market manipulation and insider trading under the 1997 Act on the Trade of Financial Assets (verdipapirhandelloven). He was accused of having requested Mr Y, an attorney, to draft a letter concerning the Norwegian Oil Company (\u201cDNO\u201d), a limited liability company quoted on the stock exchange. The letter, addressed to a trustee company representing the interests of bond holders in DNO (\u201cthe bond trustee company\u201d), gave the impression that it had been written on behalf of a number of bond holders who were seriously concerned about the company\u2019s liquidity, finances and future. In fact, it had been written only on Mr X\u2019s behalf. He had owned only one bond, which he had acquired the same day as he had asked attorney Y to draft the letter.\n\nMr X had sent a copy of the above-mentioned letter by fax to the applicant on Friday 24 August 2007, and in this connection he had a telephone conversation with her. The following day, on Saturday 25 August 2007, the applicant wrote an article entitled \u201cFears of DNO collapse\u201d (\u201cFrykter at DNO rakner\u201d), in which she expressed strong concerns about the content of Attorney Y\u2019s letter, a central feature in the article.\n\nThe price of DNO stock fell by 4.1% on Monday 27 August 2007, the first trading day after the content of the letter had become known in the press. On the same day, a new article on the topic was published in DN. Other media also reported on the first article, including an online newspaper (Hegnar online) which on 28 August 2007 reported that an analyst had stated that he would not be surprised if the letter had been sent by a person with a short-position or who wanted cheap stocks. The Oslo stock exchange (Oslo b\u00f8rs) suspected market manipulation and, having looked into the matter, forwarded the case to the Financial Supervisory Authority (Kredittilsynet) with suspicions that Mr X had infringed the Act on the Trade of Financial Assets. During subsequent questioning by the Financial Supervisory Authority, Mr X confirmed that he had initiated the letter and been the source of the article in DN.\n\nThe applicant was questioned by the police on 19 June 2008. They informed her that Mr X had told the police that he had given her the letter. She was handed a signed statement from Mr X in which he confirmed this. The applicant was willing to say that she had received the letter on which the article was based by fax on Friday 24 August 2007, at 5.35 p.m. She also stated that the article had been published on DN.no at 3 a.m. on 25 August 2007. The applicant further explained that she had considered the information in the letter as price-sensitive. She had no particular thoughts as to how many persons were behind the letter, beyond the fact that it had been signed on behalf of several bond holders. The applicant refused to give additional information, referring to the journalistic principles on protection of sources.\n\nA. Order on the applicant to testify\n\nDuring the criminal case against Mr X in February 2011 before the Oslo City Court (tingrett), the applicant was summoned as a witness. She refused to answer questions about possible contacts between her and Mr X and other sources, if any, related to the publication by DN.no on 25 August 2007. Relying on Article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Article 10 of the Convention, she argued that she was under no obligation to give evidence on those points.\n\nThe prosecutor requested that the court impose on the applicant an order to testify. In the court records (\u201crettsboken\u201d), his arguments in favour of issuing such an order are restated as having included the following: \u201cThe prosecutor rose to speak and argued that the witness had an obligation to give testimony about her contact with the defendant in connection with the letter to [the bond trustee company] of 24 August 2007 and asked the court to make a decision on the matter. The prosecutor further justified the obligation of the witness to make a statement and argued that undoubtedly in this case it was desirable to hear her explanation, even if the prosecuting authority found the case adequately disclosed (fullgodt opplyst) without her statement. The press was sometimes abused by investors to take actions liable to affect the share price. The element of abuse should suggest that in a case like this the press would also have an interest in making a statement in order to avoid being abused in this way. Whether or not consent had been given by the source to the witness making her statement had no bearing on the obligation to give evidence. ...\u201d\n\nFrom the same records, it appears that Mr X, through his counsel and co\u2011counsel, had submitted that he had described his contact with the applicant and that she could contribute nothing further of interest.\n\nBy a decision of 15 February 2011, the City Court held that the applicant had a duty to give evidence about her contacts with Mr X in relation to the letter of 24 August 2007 from Attorney Y to the bond trustee company. As to the scope of that duty, the City Court held: \u201cThe obligation to make a statement is, however, limited to the contact with the defendant as a source and not her communication with possible other unknown sources with whom she has been in contact and who may be protected by the protection of sources.\u201d\n\nThe prosecutor then stated, according to the hearing protocol, \u201cthat he would not ask for postponement of the case as the prosecuting authority considers the case to be sufficiently disclosed (\u201ctilstrekkelig opplyst\u201d) even without the statement of the witness [the applicant]\u201d. It was then clarified that the applicant\u2019s appeal against the order would not be forwarded to the High Court until after the City Court\u2019s judgment in the case against Mr X had been delivered.\n\nB. Mr X\u2019s conviction at first instance\n\nOn 3 March 2011 the City Court convicted Mr X in accordance with the indictment and sentenced him to one year and six months\u2019 imprisonment, of which nine months were suspended for a probationary period of two years.\n\nThe judgment contains the following passage: \u201cOne of the witnesses pleaded, as a journalist, the protection of sources under Article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and was not willing to explain about her potential contact with the accused. The court held that the witness had an obligation to explain about her contact with the accused since he, as the source of the DN.no article, was known and the court ruled accordingly. An appeal was immediately made against the decision. No motion for extension was made (pending a final decision) as according to the prosecutor the case was sufficiently disclosed (tilstrekkelig opplyst) even without the statement by [the applicant] and this was used as a basis by the court.\u201d\n\nOn 28 March 2011 Mr X appealed to the Borgarting High Court (lagmannsrett) against the City Court\u2019s assessment of the evidence and application of the law in relation to the issue of guilt, its procedure and the sentence (see paragraphs 34-36 below).\n\nC. Applicant\u2019s appeal against the order to testify\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Borgarting High Court against the City Court\u2019s order of 15 February 2011. It rejected the appeal by a decision of 28 April 2011, finding it generally decisive whether the source was known. In this case, it had been established beyond reasonable doubt that Mr X had been the applicant\u2019s source.\n\nAn appeal by the applicant to the Supreme Court was rejected by three votes to two on 30 September 2011 (Norsk Retstidende \u2013 Rt. 2011 page 1266). The appeal had been directed at the High Court\u2019s assessment of evidence as well as its application of the law. The disagreement in the Supreme Court concerned primarily the interpretation of the first paragraph of Article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, according to which, inter alia, journalists may refuse to answer questions as to who is the source of information confided to them for use in their work (see paragraph 37 below). The two factions of the Supreme Court disagreed, in particular, as to whether this provision was applicable if the source had stepped forward or the identity of the source had otherwise been established.\n\n1. The majority\n\nThe majority observed that it did not appear from the wording of Article 125 \u00a7 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure that it was relevant whether the source had disclosed his or her role or that this role had in other ways become known. However, the wording could not be given decisive weight. It emerged from the preparatory work that the legislature had not, with the chosen formulation, taken a stance on the issue at stake in the present case. There was therefore greater reason to assess whether the rationale underpinning the main rule, namely the right not to answer questions concerning the identity of the source, could also be given significant weight when the person, who had been the source of the information, had given evidence concerning his or her role and had confirmed being the source. It was difficult to see that this should be the case.\n\nIf the imposition of an obligation on the press to give evidence were limited to cases where the source had come forward, the person who was considering giving information to the press would know that it was up to him or her to determine whether the person who received the information would have an obligation to give evidence. There was thus no cogent reason why such a conditional obligation to give evidence should lead to increased scepticism towards providing information to the press. The same would, to a great extent, be true if the obligation to give evidence also applied when the identity of the source had become known in some other way. While the possibility that the identity of the source might be disclosed could well constitute a deterrent, it would hardly make much difference if information already known was also confirmed by the recipient of the information.\n\nAn obligation on the press to give evidence in such cases was not thought likely to weaken the public\u2019s general trust that the press would protect its sources. The situation under review did not concern the disclosure of sources but rather whether the person\u2019s role had become known by other means.\n\nThe majority further disagreed with the applicant\u2019s view that there was no reason to treat a situation, where the informant had identified himself or herself as the source, differently from those cases where the source had consented to being identified. A person who so consented could do so, trusting that the recipient of the information would respect the protection of sources as long as the identity of the source was unknown. Once an informant had confirmed that he was the source, this fact would become known. Should the recipient of the information then refuse to give evidence, this would normally appear futile. In such a situation, an exemption from the obligation to give evidence would in reality not constitute a protection against having to disclose the source, but rather a right to avoid contributing to the elucidation of a criminal case.\n\nInterpreting Article 125 \u00a7 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the light of certain statements made in the preparatory work (Ot.prp. nr. 55 (1997-1998), pp. 17 and 18) as followed up in the Supreme Court\u2019s case\u2011law (Rt. 1995 page 1166 and 2003 page 28), the majority held that this provision did not apply when the source had come forward and had confirmed his or her role. The same ought probably to apply when the identity of the source had been established beyond reasonable doubt by other means. If the state of the evidence was such that confirmation by the journalist of the identity of the source could not be said to assist in identifying the source, it seemed unquestionable to maintain the obligation to testify.\n\nAs to whether a more wide-reaching protection of journalistic sources followed from Article 10 of the Convention, the majority had regard to the Strasbourg Court\u2019s case-law, including Goodwin v. the United Kingdom (27 March 1996, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1996\u2011II), Financial Times Ltd and Others v. the United Kingdom (no. 821/03, 15 December 2009) and the Chamber judgment in Sanoma Uitgevers B.V. v. the Netherlands (no. 38224/03, 31 March 2009 \u2013 noting that the Grand Chamber had decided the latter case on a different ground). They observed that in the two British cases, a violation had been found under the necessity test even though strong countervailing arguments had been present. The majority further noted that there was no decision where the Court had examined the situation where the source had come forward and where in this sense there was no source to protect (\u201cingen kilde \u00e5 beskytte\u201d). The principal justification for source protection, as elaborated by the Court in its case-law, was based on the consequences that the disclosure of a source\u2019s identity might have for the free flow of information. However, these considerations did not apply where the source had confirmed his or her participation.\n\nAgainst this background, one could safely assume that no violation of the Convention would arise where a source had come forward and the obligation of the witness to give evidence had been expressly limited so as not to include questions that might lead to other sources being revealed. Also, the charge in this case had been based on the fact that the journalist had allowed herself to be used by the source in his efforts to manipulate the bonds market in a criminal manner. It was a serious criminal case, where it seemed likely that the applicant\u2019s evidence might significantly assist in elucidating the concrete circumstances of the defendant\u2019s contact with her.\n\n2. The minority\n\nThe minority observed that, should the applicant be ordered to testify concerning her possible contact with Mr X about Attorney Y\u2019s letter of 24 August 2007 to the trustee company, she would have to confirm or deny that Mr X was the source for her article on DN.no on 25 August 2007. By making a statement on this matter, she might also inadvertently reveal other potential sources. The legal question at hand was whether a journalist might rely on source protection if the source, without the journalist having revealed it, could be identified with more or less certainty by other evidence.\n\nThe wording of Article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was absolute and granted members of the press, broadcasting and other media the right to \u201crefuse to answer questions concerning who is ... the source\u201d. The provision made no exception for cases where the identity could be established with more or less certainty in some other way.\n\nThe protection of sources by journalists was, according to the European Court\u2019s case-law, \u201cone of the basic conditions for press freedom\u201d (Goodwin, cited above, \u00a7 39). The purpose was not to protect the source, but rather the public interest in free communication of news and opinions (Rt. 2010 page 1381). If journalists were allowed to protect their sources, they would obtain information enabling them to uncover matters in society that were worthy of criticism more easily than they would otherwise. The fact that it was for the journalist to decide to what extent he or she would rely on such protection reflected that it was not the source who was protected. If the journalist was willing to reveal the source, the source could not prevent it.\n\nIf it were a precondition for the protection of journalistic sources that no other proof of the source had been presented, such protection would be undermined. This would enable a source to be tracked down, even if a requirement for waiver of source protection was that the source be identified with a criminal standard of proof. If the hearing of evidence on the identity of a source were to be allowed, the media\u2019s working conditions would become considerably more constricted and society\u2019s interest in free communication of information and opinions would suffer.\n\nIf consent to source disclosure by a potential source should have the effect of removing source protection, the actual source might easily be identified and source protection would be undermined. In the present case Mr X had stated that he was the source. A situation where someone claimed to be the source ought to be considered in the same way as where the source consented to disclosure of his or her identity. A person might incorrectly claim to be the source so that the actual source might be identified by a process of elimination. And even if it were true that this person was the source, it would erode the journalist\u2019s right to source protection should the person who was the source be able to cancel the journalist\u2019s right. In addition, journalists often had several sources. If a journalist could be ordered to describe his or her contact with a person who claimed to be the source, his or her contact with other sources might also be revealed.\n\nEqually, a combination of someone claiming to be the source and other evidence confirming this, should not lead to source protection being removed. Effective source protection was necessary in order to ensure free communication of information and opinions. It should not be permissible for press journalists to confirm or deny that a person claiming to be the source was in fact the source, even where there was weighty evidence to this effect. As mentioned above, it was not the source, but society\u2019s interest in free communication of news and opinions, which was to be protected.\n\nThe prosecutor had argued that Mr X had used the applicant as a tool to commit serious crimes, and this would have constituted a relevant argument, had the case been one concerning a possible individual exception to the right to non-disclosure of sources made under the third paragraph of Article 125. However, the prosecutor had not relied on that paragraph of the provision, and the source\u2019s motive could not render the principle of source protection as such inapplicable. Within the ambit of Article 10 of the Convention, freedom of speech did not protect only information and views that were positively received, but also those which offended, shocked or disturbed the State or parts of the population. Therefore, the fundamental right of journalists to protect their sources could not be dependent on the sources\u2019 motives.\n\nD. Appeal proceedings in the criminal case against Mr X\n\nMr X\u2019s appeal against the City Court\u2019s judgment of 3 March 2011 (see paragraph 17 above) was examined by the High Court, which summoned and heard the applicant as a witness on 13 January 2012. She answered certain questions but affirmed that she still would not reply to questions about her contacts with Mr X. The court records contain the following passage: \u201cWhen heard as a witness [the applicant] stated that she had received Attorney [Y]\u2019s letter by fax on 24 August 2007 at 5.35 p.m. She does not wish to answer questions about who she had received the letter from or on her possible contact with Mr [X] during the period before or after this point in time. The presiding judge pointed out to the witness that after a legally enforceable decision by the Supreme Court she was obliged to give evidence about her contacts with Mr [X]. The presiding judge underlined that an omission to reply to such questions could constitute a ground for the imposition of a fine for an offence against the good order of court proceedings [\u201crettergangsbot\u201d]. It was emphasised that the duty to reply lay on the witness personally and that a possible fine would be imposed on her personally.\u201d\n\nOn account of her refusal to comply, the High Court, by a decision of 25 January 2012, ordered the applicant to pay a fine of 30,000 Norwegian kroner (NOK), approximately 3,700 euro (EUR) for an offence against the good order of court proceedings, failing which she would be liable to ten days\u2019 imprisonment. The applicant did not appeal against that decision.\n\nBy a judgment of the same date, the High Court convicted Mr X on the charges and sentenced him to one year and six months\u2019 imprisonment.\n\nII. RELEVANT DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MATERIAL\n\nA. Domestic law\n\nThe relevant articles of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 22 May 1981 (straffeprosessloven) read as follows: \u201cArticle 108. Unless otherwise provided by statute, every person summoned to attend as a witness is bound to do so and to give evidence before the court. Article 125. The editor of a printed publication may refuse to answer questions as to who is the author of an article or report in the publication or the source of any information contained in it. The same applies to questions as to who is the source of other information that has been confided to the editor for use in his work. Other persons who have acquired knowledge of the author or the source through their work for the publishers, editors, press agency or printers in question have the same right as the editor. When important social interests indicate that the information should be given and it is of substantial significance for the clarification of the case, the court may, however, on an overall evaluation, order the witness to reveal the name. If the author or source has revealed matters that it was socially important to disclose, the witness may be ordered to reveal the name only when this is found to be particularly necessary. When an answer is given, the court may decide that it shall only be given to the court and the parties at a sitting in camera and under an order to observe a duty of secrecy. The provisions of this section apply correspondingly to any director or employee of any broadcasting agency.\u201d There is extensive Supreme Court case-law concerning the main rule in Article 125 \u00a7 1 about the protection of journalists\u2019 sources and the exception clause in Article 125 \u00a7 3 (see, for instance, paragraph 24 above). The Supreme Court interprets the provision in the light of Article 10 of the Convention.\n\nSection 205 \u00a7 1 of the Act Relating to the Courts of Justice of 13 August 1915 (domstolloven) reads: \u201cWhere a witness refuses to give evidence or give affirmation and provides no grounds or provides only those grounds that are dismissed by a legally enforceable ruling, said witness may be penalised by fines and ordered to compensate, in whole or in part, for the costs incurred. A party may also be penalised by fines in cases concerning attachment or garnishment of earnings, where he/she wilfully fails to provide the enforcement authority with the information said party is obligated to provide pursuant to the Enforcement Act, \u00a7\u00a7 7-12.\u201d\n\nB. International material\n\nIn 2011 the UN Human Rights Committee adopted General Comment no. 34 concerning Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR/C/GC/34), which reads, inter alia, (footnote omitted): \u201cStates parties should recognize and respect that element of the right of freedom of expression that embraces the limited journalistic privilege not to disclose information sources.\u201d\n\nOn 8 September 2015 the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression submitted a report to the UN General Assembly (A/70/361), which stated, inter alia (footnotes omitted): \u201cC. Nature and scope of protection\n\nSome authorities refer to a journalistic \u2018privilege\u2019 not to disclose a source\u2019s identity, but both reporter and source enjoy rights that may be limited only according to article 19 (3). Revealing or coercing the revelation of the identity of a source creates disincentives for disclosure, dries up further sources to report a story accurately and damages an important tool of accountability. In the light of the importance attached to source confidentiality, any restrictions must be genuinely exceptional and subject to the highest standards, implemented by judicial authorities only. Such situations should be limited to investigations of the most serious crimes or the protection of the life of other individuals.\n\nNational laws should ensure that protections apply strictly, with extremely limited exceptions. Under Belgian law, journalists and editorial staff may be compelled by a judge to disclose information sources only if they are of a nature to prevent crimes that pose a serious threat to the physical integrity of one or more persons, and upon a finding of the following two cumulative conditions: (a) the information is of crucial importance for preventing such crimes; and (b) the information cannot be obtained by any other means. The same conditions apply to investigative measures, such as searches, seizures and telephone tapping, with respect to journalistic sources.\u201d\n\nOther international instruments concerning the protection of journalistic sources include the Resolution on Journalistic Freedoms and Human Rights, adopted at the 4th European Ministerial Conference on Mass Media Policy (Prague, 7-8 December 1994), and Recommendation No. R (2000) 7 on the right of journalists not to disclose their sources of information, adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 8 March 2000. Relevant parts of the Recommendation, with the explanatory report, are quoted in Voskuil v. the Netherlands, no. 64752/01, \u00a7\u00a7 43-44, 22 November 2007, inter alia: \u201cPrinciple 3 (Limits to the right of non-disclosure) a. The right of journalists not to disclose information identifying a source must not be subject to other restrictions than those mentioned in Article 10, paragraph 2 of the Convention. In determining whether a legitimate interest in a disclosure falling within the scope of Article 10, paragraph 2 of the Convention outweighs the public interest in not disclosing information identifying a source, competent authorities of member States shall pay particular regard to the importance of the right of non-disclosure and the pre-eminence given to it in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, and may only order a disclosure if, subject to paragraph b, there exists an overriding requirement in the public interest and if circumstances are of a sufficiently vital and serious nature. b. The disclosure of information identifying a source should not be deemed necessary unless it can be convincingly established that: i. reasonable alternative measures to the disclosure do not exist or have been exhausted by the persons or public authorities that seek the disclosure, and ii. the legitimate interest in the disclosure clearly outweighs the public interest in the non-disclosure, bearing in mind that:\n\nan overriding requirement of the need for disclosure is proved,\n\nthe circumstances are of a sufficiently vital and serious nature,\n\nthe necessity of the disclosure is identified as responding to a pressing social need, and\n\nmember States enjoy a certain margin of appreciation in assessing this need, but this margin goes hand in hand with the supervision by the European Court of Human Rights. c. The above requirements should be applied at all stages of any proceedings where the right of non-disclosure might be invoked.\u201d In the present case, the following paragraphs of the explanatory report are also of relevance: \u201cd. Information identifying a source\n\nIn order to protect the identity of a source adequately, it is necessary to protect all kinds of information which are likely to lead to the identification of a source. The potential to identify a source therefore determines the type of protected information and the range of such protection. As far as its disclosure may lead to an identification of a source, the following information shall be protected by this Recommendation: i. the name of a source and his or her address, telephone and telefax number, employer\u2019s name and other personal data as well as the voice of the source and pictures showing a source; ii. \u2019the factual circumstances of acquiring this information\u2019, for example the time and place of a meeting with a source, the means of correspondence used or the particularities agreed between a source and a journalist; ...\u201d", "applicant": "C. 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| 1
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A. Martin John Edwards
The first applicant was born in 1946 and lives in Woking. On 9 August 1994, following a surveillance and undercover operation, he was arrested in a van in the company of an undercover police officer known only as “Graham”. In the van was a briefcase containing 4.83 kilograms of 50% pure heroin. On 7 April 1995 Martin John Edwards was convicted in Snaresbrook Crown Court of possessing a Class A drug with intent to supply and was sentenced to nine years' imprisonment. The first applicant's defence was that at the time of his arrest he believed he was taking part in a transaction to sell stolen jewellery.
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"span_text": "Chris", "start_offset": 10739}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10878, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e63", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em117", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "25 July 1995", "start_offset": 10866}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10902, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e62", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em118", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Chris", "start_offset": 10897}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10939, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e64", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em119", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ian", "start_offset": 10936}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 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"identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Jazz", "start_offset": 11806}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11819, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e59", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em124", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Jag", "start_offset": 11816}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12280, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e62", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em125", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Chris", "start_offset": 12275}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12573, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e62", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em126", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Chris", "start_offset": 12568}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12583, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e64", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em127", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ian", "start_offset": 12580}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13051, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e66", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em128", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "12 November 1996", "start_offset": 13035}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13073, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e67", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em129", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "20 November 1996", "start_offset": 13057}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13127, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e68", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em130", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "four and a half years'", "start_offset": 13105}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13162, "entity_id": "001-61246_a8_e69", "entity_mention_id": "001-61246_a8_em131", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "28 November 1996", "start_offset": 13146}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": ["annotator8"], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Martin John Edwards", "meta": {"applicant": "Martin John Edwards", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-61246", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in two applications (nos. 39647/98 and 40461/98) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two United Kingdom nationals, Mr Martin John Edwards (\u201cthe first applicant\u201d), on 6 September 1996 and Mr Michael Lewis (\u201cthe second applicant\u201d) on 16 May 1997.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr P. Maynard, a lawyer practising in Tonbridge and, at the hearing on 10 September 2002, by Mr B. Emmerson QC and Mr J. Hall, counsel. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr H. Llewellyn, Foreign and Commonwealth Office and, at the hearing, by Mr D. Perry, counsel.\n\nThe applicants alleged that they had been denied fair trials, contrary to Article 6 of the Convention, as a result of the incitement of offences by agents provocateurs and the procedure concerning the non-disclosure of evidence followed by the domestic courts.\n\nThe applications were transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThey were allocated to the Fourth Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nHaving consulted the parties, the President of the Chamber decided that in the interests of the proper administration of justice, the proceedings in both applications should be conducted simultaneously (Rule 43 \u00a7 2).\n\nBy a decision of 10 September 2002, following a hearing on admissibility and the merits (Rule 54 \u00a7 4), the Court declared the applications admissible.\n\nOn 1 July 2003 the Court decided to join the two applications (Rule 43 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nA. Martin John Edwards\n\nThe first applicant was born in 1946 and lives in Woking.\n\nOn 9 August 1994, following a surveillance and undercover operation, he was arrested in a van in the company of an undercover police officer known only as \u201cGraham\u201d. In the van was a briefcase containing 4.83 kilograms of 50% pure heroin. On 7 April 1995 the applicant was convicted in Snaresbrook Crown Court of possessing a Class A drug with intent to supply and was sentenced to nine years' imprisonment.\n\nThe first applicant's defence was that at the time of his arrest he believed he was taking part in a transaction to sell stolen jewellery. He alleged that his participation had been organised by a man named Geoffrey Lerway, whom he had met the previous year while both were detained on remand in Brixton Prison. According to the applicant, the week before his arrest Lerway had introduced him to a man called Jim Humphries and a man presented to him only as \u201cMartin\u201d. The day before the arrest, the applicant was contacted by Lerway and asked if he would be interested in going to Birmingham in connection with a jewellery deal in which Lerway was acting as intermediary to Martin. He would be given a cut of the purchase price. The applicant agreed that Lerway would pick him up from his home the next day.\n\nThe following morning he was told that the plans had changed as Martin was now coming to London. The first applicant agreed to accompany Lerway to a public house where, at approximately 12.45 p.m., a red Jaguar car and a white van drew up. The driver of the Jaguar was introduced to the applicant as \u201cJeff\u201d; he was accompanied by a man and a woman, subsequently called \u201cTerry\u201d and \u201cCarol\u201d. The driver of the van was introduced as \u201cGraham\u201d. Jeff gave Lerway a briefcase containing GBP 125,000. They all then left in convoy for the Clive Hotel, Primrose Hill, where they were to meet Martin.\n\nAt the hotel, Lerway decided to stay with the money in the car and asked the applicant to see if Martin had arrived. The applicant therefore went into the hotel where he met Jim Humphries, who told him that the arrangements had changed again as Martin was now in Euston. Humphries and Lerway asked the applicant to take a taxi to Euston and ask Martin to return with him to the Clive Hotel. The applicant followed these instructions and found Martin, who told him he had to leave immediately for another meeting. Martin, having spoken to Humphries or Lerway by mobile phone, gave the applicant the key to a room in the nearby Ibis Hotel, and explained that the \u201cgoods\u201d were in a briefcase in the room.\n\nAccording to the applicant, Graham came from Primrose Hill in his van and met the applicant outside the Ibis. Graham then suggested that the applicant should accompany him up to the room and offered to give him a lift back to Primrose Hill afterwards. In the hotel room, Graham forced the lock on the case while the applicant was in the bathroom and when he came out Graham was ready to go. They returned to the van where the briefcase was opened and within moments the applicant had been arrested.\n\nOf all the participants in the above transaction, only the applicant was arrested and charged. The applicant suspects that the other participants were undercover police officers or informers acting on police instructions, but their identities and status have never been revealed to him. In this regard he considers it relevant that at the time of the alleged dealings, Lerway was on bail to the Middlesex Crown Court in respect of a large scale conspiracy to supply cannabis. One of the conspirators was a former Flying Squad Detective. It was known to the applicant that Lerway had acted as a participating police informer in that case and it was further known that the police officers involved in the applicant's case had also investigated the conspiracy for which Lerway was on bail. The applicant believes that sentencing in Lerway's trial was deliberately postponed until 12 April 1995, some five days after the conclusion of the applicant's own trial, as a disincentive for Lerway to come forward and give evidence concerning the true nature of the transaction.\n\nPrior to the commencement of the applicant's trial the prosecution gave notice to the defence that an application to withhold material evidence had been made ex parte in advance of the trial under the procedure approved in R. v. Davis, Johnson and Rowe (see paragraph 34 below). Judge Owen Stable QC, who considered the material in the absence of the defence, concluded that it would not assist the defence and that there were genuine public interest grounds for withholding it. This ruling was subsequently reconsidered by the trial judge, who had the benefit of a document prepared by the defence, outlining the issues in the case, as well as of the oral submissions of defence counsel. In the course of the present proceedings before the European Court, the Government revealed for the first time that the material placed before the trial judge included information indicating that the applicant had been involved in the supply of heroin before the start of the undercover operation. The subject matter of the public interest immunity evidence was not disclosed to the applicant during the domestic proceedings, either at first instance or on appeal. He denies any prior involvement in drug dealing. The trial judge, who directed himself in accordance with the approach set out by the Court of Appeal in R. v. Keane (see paragraph 36 below), decided that the evidence in question would not assist the defence and found genuine public interest grounds in favour of non-disclosure.\n\nFollowing the ruling on disclosure, the defence made an application to the trial judge under section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (\u201cPACE\u201d: see paragraph 29 below) to exclude the evidence of Graham, on the basis that the applicant had been entrapped into committing the offence. These submissions were rejected. The judge held that in the course of the ex parte application he had heard nothing and seen no material which would have assisted the defence in their argument that evidence should be excluded under section 78 on grounds of entrapment. He continued that, if he had seen or heard any such material, he would have ordered disclosure.\n\nApart from the applicant, Graham was the only participant in the offence to give evidence at the trial. He testified that the applicant had made a number of incriminating statements to him when they were alone together in the van and hotel room. Although Graham claimed to have made a full note of the alleged conversations, these notes were never shown to the applicant and the applicant was not questioned in connection with their content by the investigating police officers. According to the applicant it was, however, difficult for the defence to undermine Graham's credibility because his full name and other identifying details were not disclosed.\n\nFollowing his conviction the applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal on the ground, inter alia, that the judge had been wrong to refuse to order disclosure. Dismissing the appeal on 18 July 1996 the Court of Appeal, having itself examined the undisclosed evidence, observed that \u201ceach one of us reached the clearest possible view that nothing in the documents withheld could possibly have assisted the defence at trial; indeed quite the reverse\u201d.\n\nB. Michael Lewis\n\nPrior to the events in question, the applicant was of good character. He had been employed as accounts director in a firm which had gone into liquidation a year earlier, and at the time of his arrest in July 1995 he was unemployed and in considerable debt.\n\nThe applicant's version of events, which he maintained from the time of his first interview with the police, was that he had been introduced to a man named \u201cTerry\u201d by an acquaintance, Colin Phelps, since Terry appeared interested in purchasing from the applicant some bankrupt stock. At a meeting in July 1995 Terry had started talking about counterfeit currency and had pressed the applicant to obtain some as part of the transaction. Although the applicant had never hitherto been involved with counterfeit currency, he did have a contact, \u201cJohn\u201d, who was able to supply forged bank notes.\n\nTerry went on to introduce the applicant to two men called \u201cJag\u201d and \u201cJazz\u201d. At a third meeting on 14 July 1995, Jag turned up with \u201cChris\u201d, who was subsequently revealed to be an undercover police officer, and an order for a large amount of currency was placed. It appears from the transcript of covert tape recordings made during this meeting that, while the applicant was not unwilling to become involved, he was actively encouraged to do so by Jag and Chris, who pressurised him to a certain degree to supply more notes of a higher denomination than had at first been agreed. On 25 July 1995 the applicant met Chris and another undercover officer, \u201cIan\u201d, in a public house car park. He showed them some counterfeit notes, and was immediately arrested by uniformed officers. More counterfeit notes were found when his house was searched.\n\nThe applicant maintained that he had been entrapped by undercover police officers and/or participating informers into committing the offences. On 11 November 1996 he applied to the Crown Court judge for an order that the indictment should be stayed on the grounds that, as a result of the covert activities of undercover police officers and/or participating informers, (a) it was not possible for him to have a fair trial and (b) the moral integrity of the criminal proceedings had been impugned. He also requested the judge to order the prosecution to provide more information and documents, including information relating to the question whether Colin Phelps, \u201cTerry\u201d or \u201cTel\u201d, \u201cJazz\u201d or \u201cJag\u201d were participating informers or undercover police officers.\n\nPrior to making his ruling on the defence application, the judge heard, ex parte, an application by the prosecution to withhold certain material evidence on grounds of public interest immunity. The judge refused to grant a stay or to order further disclosure, indicating that most of the information sought was subject to public interest immunity. He also ruled that, while it was clear that \u201cChris\u201d was coaxing the applicant, there was no evidence of pressure being applied.\n\nA second submission was then made on the applicant's behalf to exclude the evidence of undercover police officers under section 78 of PACE. However, before evidence was called from the officers in question \u2013 \u201cChris\u201d and \u201cIan\u201d \u2013 the defence counsel sought guidance from the judge as to the areas of cross examination which would or would not be allowed, given that certain issues relating to the investigation were covered by public interest immunity. It became apparent that most of the areas of cross examination necessary to develop the submission were not to be allowed. Accordingly, the submission was withdrawn and the applicant entered guilty pleas to the indictment on 12 November 1996.\n\nOn 20 November 1996 he was sentenced to a total of four and a half years' imprisonment.\n\nOn 28 November 1996 counsel advised that the applicant had no prospects of success in appealing against conviction, since he would have to demonstrate that the convictions were unsafe before an appeal could succeed. This would be impossible given that, on his own account, he had been motivated by money to enter into the deal to sell counterfeit currency. Counsel also expressed the view that: \u201cHad there been anything within the [public interest immunity] material which could have assisted the Defendant in developing his case to exclude the evidence under s.78 PACE I am confident the Judge would have released it. In those circumstances, I advise that there are no grounds of appeal against conviction.\u201d", "applicant": "Martin John Edwards", "offset": 1998, "idx_mapping": [1998, 1999, 2000, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2332, 2333, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539, 2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2562, 2563, 2564, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2568, 2569, 2570, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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The facts of the case, in particular concerning the circumstances surrounding the death of Patrick Shanaghan on 12 August 1991, are in dispute between the parties. A. Events prior to 12 August 1991
Patrick Shanaghan was a thirty-year-old Catholic and active member of Sinn Fein when he was killed. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (the RUC) suspected him of being an IRA member and that he was involved in terrorism. Between 15 April 1985 and 19 May 1991 he was arrested and detained pursuant to investigations into acts of terrorism in Northern Ireland.
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"QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "RUC", "start_offset": 18928}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 18970, "entity_id": "001-59452_a8_e103", "entity_mention_id": "001-59452_a8_em202", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "15 September 1994", "start_offset": 18953}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19003, "entity_id": "001-59452_a8_e104", "entity_mention_id": "001-59452_a8_em203", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ministry of Defence", "start_offset": 18984}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19045, "entity_id": "001-59452_a8_e105", "entity_mention_id": "001-59452_a8_em204", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "17 July 1995", "start_offset": 19033}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19325, "entity_id": "001-59452_a8_e106", "entity_mention_id": "001-59452_a8_em205", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 July 1995", "start_offset": 19313}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Mary Theresa Shanaghan", "meta": {"applicant": "Mary Theresa Shanaghan", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2001}, "doc_id": "001-59452", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 37715/97) against the United Kingdom lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Irish national, Mrs Mary Theresa Shanaghan (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 3 October 1996.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Mr P. Mageean and Mr D. Korff, lawyers practising in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr C. Whomersley of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged that her son Patrick Shanaghan was killed by an unknown gunman in circumstances disclosing collusion by members of the security forces and that there was an inadequate investigation into his death. She invoked Articles 2, 13 and 14 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nHaving consulted the parties, the President of the Chamber decided that in the interests of the proper administration of justice, the proceedings in the present case should be conducted simultaneously with those in the cases of Hugh Jordan v. the United Kingdom, no. 24746/94, McKerr v. the United Kingdom, no. 28883/95 and Kelly and Others v. the United Kingdom, no. 30054/96 (see judgments of the same date).\n\nThird-party comments were received from the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission on 23 March 2000, which had been given leave by the President to intervene in the written procedure (Article 36 \u00a7 2 of the Convention and Rule 61 \u00a7 3).\n\nA hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building on 4 April 2000. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr C. Whomersley, Agent, Mr R. Weatherup, QC, Mr P. Sales, Mr J. Eadie, Mr N. Lavender, Counsel, Mr O. Paulin, Ms S. Mcclelland, Ms K. Pearson, Mr D. Mcilroy, Ms S. Broderick, Ms L. Mcalpine, Ms J. Donnelly, Mr T. Taylor, Advisers; (b) for the applicants Mr D. Korff, Ms F. Doherty, Counsel, Mr P. Mageean, Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mr Weatherup and Mr Korff.\n\nBy a decision of 4 April 2000, the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nThe facts of the case, in particular concerning the circumstances surrounding the death of Patrick Shanaghan on 12 August 1991, are in dispute between the parties.\n\nA. Events prior to 12 August 1991\n\nPatrick Shanaghan was a thirty-year-old Catholic and active member of Sinn Fein when he was killed.\n\nThe Royal Ulster Constabulary (the RUC) suspected him of being an IRA member and that he was involved in terrorism. Between 15 April 1985 and 19 May 1991 he was arrested and detained pursuant to investigations into acts of terrorism in Northern Ireland. Six of the ten arrests resulted in detention for four or more days. He was never charged with any crime.\n\nPatrick Shanaghan gave several written statements to his solicitors alleging physical assaults by RUC officers while in custody, including being punched in the back, punched under the chin with a clenched fist, stabbed in the throat with extended fingers, slapped in the face, having his arms wrenched back and forth repeatedly, being forced to keep a crouched position for hours, having his head struck against a wall, and being hit and kicked in the testicles. The applicant alleged that on several occasions RUC detectives threatened to kill her son during interrogations, for example, by telling him that \u201cLoyalists in Castlederg know you now and they'll get you\u201d.\n\nDuring his detention in Castlereagh from 9 to 15 April 1986, it was recorded that Patrick Shanaghan complained to a doctor that he had been ill-treated \u2013 this referred to the pulling of his hair and the forcing back of his fingers. The doctor reported this to the custody sergeant, who invited Patrick Shanaghan to make a written statement. Patrick Shanaghan declined to reply. He also declined to reply when the custody sergeant asked him if he would be willing to attend a police disciplinary hearing.\n\nOn 4 April 1989, Patrick Shanaghan instituted proceedings against the Chief Constable of the RUC for alleged assault, battery, trespass to the person, unlawful arrest and unlawful imprisonment in respect of his detention from 9 to 15 April 1986. These were discontinued by him on 3 September 1990.\n\nThe applicant also claimed that there was an attempt on Patrick Shanaghan's life, on 17 February 1989, but that he managed to escape. The RUC were called but no charges were brought against a suspect for the murder attempt. When Patrick Shanaghan was arrested a year later, in February 1990, he publicly stated that RUC officers repeatedly mentioned this murder attempt during interrogation and one officer claimed, \u201cWe won't miss next time\u201d.\n\nThe RUC warned Patrick Shanaghan twice that he was under potential threat from loyalist paramilitary groups. On 10 December 1990, a RUC detective informed him that security force documentation containing information about him, including a photographic montage, had accidentally fallen out of the back of an army vehicle. He was advised to take measures for his personal safety as there was a risk that the material had come into the hands of loyalist paramilitaries. A letter dated 11 January 1991 was sent to the RUC by Patrick Shanaghan's solicitors who requested, as a matter of urgency in order to assess the risk to his life, information relating to the documentation, including the type of information lost, dates when the information was first recorded, the exact date and under what circumstances it went missing, copies of photographs and addresses included in the files, and information in relation to the social movement and employment of persons involved in handling the files. On 29 July 1994, over three and a half years later, the RUC responded to this letter by stating that the police investigation was concluded and that the document had been accidentally lost by the Army. On 27 April 1991, Sergeant Norden of the RUC called at Mr Shanaghan's home and informed him that he had received information to suggest that he was being targeted by loyalists.\n\nThe Government gave further details about the loss of the photographs. They stated that on 10 December 1990 during the journey of an army patrol vehicle from Rockwood Base to Hump Vehicle Checkpoint near Strabane in County Tyrone, the rear doors of the vehicle fell open and a helmet, armoured vest and combat suit belonging to one of the drivers fell from the vehicle. The jacket of the combat suit contained three terrorist recognition photographic montages comprising a total of 38 photographs, including some of Patrick Shanaghan. Upon arrival, it was discovered that the said equipment was missing and a search carried out of the route, which resulted in the recovery of the helmet. The officer responsible for the missing equipment was cautioned and interviewed by the Special Investigation Branch about the loss of the photographic montages. He was subsequently reported and disciplinary proceedings instituted against him. The officer attended a disciplinary interview with his Brigade Commander. No formal disciplinary sanction was recorded as imposed, although the Government stated that it was possible that he received a formal rebuke which would not have been recorded. The RUC informed Patrick Shanaghan promptly of the loss of the photographs. There was no evidence who, if anyone, recovered the photographs or that they played any later role in events.\n\nPatrick Shanaghan was stopped and questioned by RUC and UDR officers on a daily basis. The Shanaghan family home, which the applicant shared with her son, was searched sixteen times between 1985 and 1991. No illegal material was ever found. According to the applicant, sometimes the RUC would not even enter certain rooms indicating that the search was not a concerted effort to locate and seize illegal material but was carried out solely to harass the family.\n\nB. The killing of Patrick Shanaghan\n\nAt about 8.30 a.m. on 12 August 1991, Patrick Shanaghan was driving his van to his job when he was shot dead by a masked gunman. About twenty shots had been fired into the van as it passed down the Learmore Road in the direction of Castlederg. The UFF (Ulster Freedom Fighters \u2013 a loyalist organisation) later claimed responsibility for the murder in the local press.\n\nRUC officers arrived at the scene shortly after the shooting was reported. A scene of crimes officer attended the scene and recovered bullet casings and glass samples. The scene was photographed, including the tyre impressions. These items were analysed by a member of the Northern Ireland Forensic Science Laboratory. The applicant alleged that the behaviour of the police at the scene was not consonant with any concern for her son's life or proper police procedures, claiming that no ambulance was called to the scene and that the police prevented a priest approaching to give the last rites. The Government stated that no ambulance was called as it was apparent that an ambulance could not have assisted Patrick Shanaghan. When the priest arrived, he was initially asked to go to Incident Control Point before approaching the car, to enable the officers to make the necessary arrangements for the preservation of the evidence at the scene.\n\nAt 2.30 p.m. on the same day, a post mortem examination disclosed that Patrick Shanaghan had died from a bullet wound to the chest.\n\nThe police attempted to identify potential eye-witnesses by speaking to all those present at the scene, conducting house to house enquiries, setting up vehicle check points and making press appeals for witnesses to come forward. They also interviewed the police officers who had been attending a road traffic accident to which personnel had been diverted shortly before the shooting occurred. The Government stated that there had been nothing suspicious in the conduct of the police in this respect. Three cars had been tasked to attend the road traffic accident at the village of Killen, it being normal practice for more than one vehicle to respond due to the risk of attacks on the security forces by the Provisional IRA.\n\nShortly after the shooting, the RUC discovered a car which they believed had been used by the people involved in the shooting. However, a forensic and fingerprint examination disclosed no evidence to connect it with any person suspected of the murder. Enquiries showed that the car had been recently bought for cash by unknown persons from a private vendor.\n\nAs later revealed in the inquest, the investigating police officer believed that he knew the identity of the persons involved in the killing but had no evidence to prove it. Several suspects had been arrested and interviewed but no evidence of admission had been obtained from them.\n\nOn 26 January 1995, the applicant accepted the sum of 25,520 pounds sterling from the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme in respect of the death of her son.\n\nC. The inquest\n\nAn inquest into the killing was opened on 26 March 1996, over four and a half years after the murder. The RUC file had been transmitted to the Coroner on 14 January 1994. The delay in their inquiries resulted, according to the Government, from the extent of other criminal activities requiring police attention in the Castlederg area at that time. The inquest was further delayed to February 1996 pending the completion of further inquiries required by the Coroner.\n\nNo explanation was given to the Shanaghan family to account for the delay. During this period, the family had not known whether any murder investigation had been conducted by the police and were not provided with any indication as to the nature of the RUC's findings, if any, as to how the applicant's son had died.\n\nThe inquest was heard over six days, between 26 March and 20 June 1996. It was presided over by the Coroner who sat with a jury and was assisted by a lawyer. The RUC were represented by counsel and a solicitor.\n\nDuring the inquest, the solicitor acting for the family of Patrick Shanaghan sought to introduce evidence in support of allegations that the RUC had prior knowledge that he was to be murdered, that the RUC had made threats against him and that the police investigation had been inadequate. This consisted of evidence from a forensic science consultant who criticised the RUC for not taking a plaster-cast of car tyre impressions found at the scene of the crime, and the oral testimony of D.C. who claimed to have been told by Patrick Shanaghan of threats to his life made by RUC officers and who had heard such threats made by officers when he himself was in custody. When the Coroner accepted that the evidence should be admitted, the RUC Chief Constable applied for judicial review of those decisions. On 18 June 1996, the High Court quashed the Coroner's decision, holding that: \u201c... it is now well-settled in the jurisprudence on this topic that a Coroner's function is not, and one may say emphatically not, to conduct a wide-ranging inquiry into the broad circumstances in which a deceased has met his death. It is now clearly established by the decisions to which I have referred that the word \u201chow\u201d should receive the connotation \u201cby what means\u201d and it seems to me ... that it cannot be the case that the evidence in relation to the calibre of the police investigation - the quality of the police investigation \u2013 touches upon the means by which Mr. Shanaghan was killed. Rather it is directly relevant to the possible criticism of the standard of the police investigation and that ... goes well beyond the scope of the inquiry of the Coroner. By the same token I consider that the evidence ... from Mr [D.C.] ... is not germane to the question which the Coroner and the jury must decide and that is by what means the deceased met his death. Evidence has already been given without apparent challenge that the deceased was the target of loyalist terrorists before he was murdered. That evidence has not been disputed and is no way controversial and in those circumstances it appears to me that the only issue which Mr [D.C.]'s evidence could shed light upon is whether these threats were uttered by police officers. That, for the reasons I have already referred to, is not a matter for the Coroner's inquest to enquire into ...\u201d\n\nThe Coroner refused to admit in evidence statements made by Patrick Shanaghan to his solicitors. The applicant stated that her original statement was edited by the RUC to exclude references to police collusion when it appeared in a Coroner's deposition.\n\nOn 20 June 1996, the Coroner's Inquest issued the verdict that Patrick Shanaghan had died on 12 August 1991 on Learmore Road in Castlederg from a bullet wound to the chest.\n\nD. Police complaints procedure\n\nOn 14 July 1996, the applicant made a complaint about the conduct of the RUC at the scene of the shooting in denying Dr Stewart access to the body and in failing to call an ambulance. This complaint was investigated by an assistant chief constable, under the supervision of the Independent Commission for Police Complaints (the ICPC), as a result of which the Inspector concerned was given advice which was recorded in the Divisional Discipline Book.\n\nA Superintendent of the Complaints and Discipline Section of the RUC made attempts to investigate the allegations made by D.C. that, during an interview with police, RUC officers had made threats against Patrick Shanaghan (see paragraph 31 above). By letter of 2 October 1996, D.C.'s solicitors replied that their client would not make a statement concerning Patrick Shanaghan as none had been sought at the time of the incident. Attempts were made to take statements from three other witnesses mentioned at the inquest, only one of whom agreed. The RUC officers who had interviewed D.C. on 14 and 15 May 1991 were themselves interviewed.\n\nOn 26 June 1997, a copy of the unofficial inquiry report was sent by the applicant's daughter to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (see below, concerning the unofficial inquiry). She complained of the failure to make a plaster cast of the tyre tracks at the scene and that Constable D. had said that he had been sent to the scene of the shooting at 8 a.m. before it had taken place. As a result, the RUC conducted further enquiries under the supervision of the ICPC and the RUC subsequently reported to the Director of Public Prosecutions (the DPP).\n\nOn 16 July 1997, the ICPC wrote to the applicant's daughter and son-in-law informing them that the ICPC was satisfied by the police investigation which had taken place.\n\nOn 30 November 1998, the ICPC wrote to the applicant's daughter to inform her that Constable D. would be spoken to about the error which he had made as to the time at which he was detailed to the scene but that no other disciplinary proceedings would be taken in respect of the matters complained of on 26 June 1997. They stated that they were satisfied with the action taken.\n\nIn January 1999, having considered the results of the RUC's further enquiries in the light of the unofficial enquiry, the DPP decided that there should be no prosecution in relation to the shooting.\n\nE. Unofficial inquiry\n\nA community inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the murder was organised by family and friends after the conclusion of the inquest in the hope that the whole truth about the murder could be revealed. The inquiry, conducted by the Castlederg-Aghyaran Justice Group and chaired by a retired United States Judge, Andrew Somers, heard thirteen witnesses over the period from 17 to 19 September 1996. The witnesses included family, local residents and friends of the deceased. Evidence was given alleging that police officers had frequently stopped Patrick Shanaghan in the street and issued threats, that the police warned people to keep away from him or they would end up being shot, that police officers made comments to persons in custody before the incident that Patrick Shanaghan would be targeted and, after the incident, claimed that they had had him killed. Two witnesses claimed that they had seen Patrick Shanaghan still moving after the shooting had occurred. The Judge concluded that the applicant had been murdered by the British Government and, more specifically, with the collusion of the RUC.\n\nF. Civil proceedings\n\nOn 22 July 1994, the applicant issued a writ against the Chief Constable of the RUC and, by amendment of 15 September 1994, against the Ministry of Defence also. The writ was served on 17 July 1995. In the proceedings, the applicant claimed damages for loss and damage sustained by her and the estate of her son by reason, inter alia, of negligence, breach of confidence and misfeasance in public office relating to the storing, handling and use of information. On 19 July 1995, the defendants gave notice of intention to defend the proceedings. No further steps have been taken.", "applicant": "Mary Theresa Shanaghan", "offset": 2683, "idx_mapping": [2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2726, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737, 2738, 2739, 2740, 2741, 2742, 2743, 2744, 2745, 2746, 2747, 2748, 2749, 2750, 2751, 2752, 2753, 2754, 2755, 2756, 2757, 2758, 2759, 2760, 2761, 2762, 2763, 2764, 2765, 2766, 2767, 2768, 2769, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2776, 2777, 2778, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2786, 2787, 2788, 2789, 2790, 2791, 2792, 2793, 2794, 2795, 2796, 2797, 2798, 2799, 2800, 2801, 2802, 2803, 2804, 2805, 2806, 2807, 2808, 2809, 2810, 2811, 2812, 2813, 2814, 2815, 2816, 2817, 2818, 2819, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2828, 2829, 2830, 2831, 2832, 2833, 2834, 2835, 2836, 2837, 2838, 2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2861, 2862, 2863, 2864, 2865, 2866, 2867, 2868, 2869, 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2890, 2891, 2892, 2893, 2894, 2895, 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919, 2920, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2945, 2946, 2947, 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966, 2967, 2968, 2969, 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973, 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3116, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3129, 3130, 3131, 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3136, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3152, 3153, 3154, 3155, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3159, 3160, 3161, 3162, 3163, 3164, 3165, 3166, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234], "duplicates": 1}
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Liban Mohamud Ahmed was born in 1977 and lives in London. A. Liban Mohamud Ahmed’s immigration history
Liban Mohamud Ahmed left Somalia with his family for the Netherlands in 1992 when he was fifteen years old. After claiming asylum, it would appear that the family were given a period of leave to remain in the Netherlands. During this period Liban Mohamud Ahmed married and had a son, born in 1994.
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"identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "two weeks", "start_offset": 12575}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12638, "entity_id": "001-171507_a8_e67", "entity_mention_id": "001-171507_a8_em97", "entity_type": "MISC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Sufi and Elmi", "start_offset": 12625}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 13658, "entity_id": "001-171507_a8_e72", "entity_mention_id": "001-171507_a8_em98", "entity_type": "MISC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mikolenko v. Estonia", "start_offset": 13638}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13672, "entity_id": "001-171507_a8_e73", "entity_mention_id": "001-171507_a8_em99", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "10664/05", "start_offset": 13664}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13688, "entity_id": "001-171507_a8_e74", "entity_mention_id": "001-171507_a8_em100", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "8 October 2009", "start_offset": 13674}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13870, "entity_id": "001-171507_a8_e75", "entity_mention_id": "001-171507_a8_em101", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 13857}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13925, "entity_id": "001-171507_a8_e76", "entity_mention_id": "001-171507_a8_em102", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "26 March 2013", "start_offset": 13912}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Liban Mohamud Ahmed", "meta": {"applicant": "Liban Mohamud Ahmed", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 53, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2017}, "doc_id": "001-171507", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 59727/13) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Somali national Mr Liban Mohamud Ahmed.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr Z. Yazdani of Deighton Pierce Glynn Solicitors, Mr R. Husain QC of Matrix Chambers, and Ms L. Dubinsky of Doughty Street Chambers. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms A. McLeod.\n\nOn 15 October 2014 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1977 and lives in London.\n\nA. The applicant\u2019s immigration history\n\nThe applicant left Somalia with his family for the Netherlands in 1992 when he was fifteen years old. After claiming asylum, it would appear that the family were given a period of leave to remain in the Netherlands. During this period the applicant married and had a son, born in 1994. The applicant\u2019s family travelled to the United Kingdom in 1998. The applicant initially remained in the Netherlands but on 11 December 1999 he arrived in the United Kingdom, where he claimed asylum. In doing so, he provided the immigration authorities with a false name and a false immigration history in order to avoid being sent back to the Netherlands. Although the asylum application was unsuccessful the applicant was granted exceptional leave to remain until 2004.\n\nThe applicant received ten criminal convictions over the period from 16 November 2001 to 4 August 2005. In December 2007 he was convicted of a public order offence and of failing to surrender. He was sentenced to four and a half months\u2019 imprisonment.\n\nOn 29 January 2008 the applicant was served with notice that the Secretary of State intended to make a deportation order against him. The same letter refused an application for indefinite leave to remain in the United Kingdom. The applicant lodged an appeal against the decision to deport him on 1 February 2008. That appeal was dismissed on 30 June 2008 and his appeal rights were exhausted on 8 July 2008.\n\nB. The applicant\u2019s immigration detention\n\nOn 8 February 2008, when the applicant had served half of his final custodial sentence and was eligible for release from prison, he was detained under paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 3 to the Immigration Act 1971 pending the making of a deportation order against him. The Secretary of State signed the deportation order on 29 October 2008 and he was thereafter detained under paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 3 to the Immigration Act 1971 pending his removal from the United Kingdom.\n\nOn 2 June 2009 removal directions were set for 17 June 2009. However, they were cancelled on 16 June 2009 when the applicant made an application to this Court (application no. 26023/09), which granted an interim measure under Rule 39 of the Rules of Court.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s detention was reviewed monthly and the review forms set out the reasons for maintaining detention. The form from July 2009 includes the following statement in reference to the Rule 39 measure: \u201cWhilst this means that enforced removal is not possible, [the applicant] could reduce the length of time he spends in detention by withdrawing voluntarily\u201d. A similar point features in some, if not all, of the later forms. The form for February 2010 notes that \u201cRule 39 ECHR is a barrier to removal but I note that FRS [Facilitated Return Scheme] is an option that should be explored to the full to expedite his removal from the UK\u201d. Likewise, the form for July 2010 states that \u201c[t]he length of detention is a direct result of his appeals against deportation and, although it is now 29 months, he has the real option of return to Somalia with the Facilitated Returns Scheme. This option should be further explained to the subject\u201d. Furthermore, the form from December 2010 indicated that the applicant \u201ccould minimise his time in detention by withdrawing [the application to the ECHR] and taking up FRS which is offered each month\u201d and that he could \u201cend his detention by volunteering to return (with or without FRS) at any time\u201d.\n\nApplications for bail were refused on 9 November 2009, 21 April 2010 and 14 July 2010 as the Immigration Judges were not satisfied that the applicant would answer to any conditions set. On 9 November 2009 the Immigration Judge further noted that although the applicant had been in detention for a lengthy period, \u201cthe most recent period of detention is on account of delays with his own application to the European Court of Human Rights\u201d.\n\nThe applicant made further representations against removal on 10 June 2010. Those representations were treated as an application for revocation of the deportation order, but on 17 November 2010 the Secretary of State refused to revoke the order. However, following an appeal by the applicant, the Secretary of State withdrew the refusal decision on 12 July 2011.\n\nOn 19 November 2010 the applicant filed a claim for judicial review, contending that his ongoing detention was unlawful. Permission was granted on 17 June 2011 but a further application for bail was refused. On 13 July 2011, some two weeks after the Court ruled in Sufi and Elmi v. the United Kingdom (nos. 8319/07 and 11449/07, 28 June 2011), the applicant was granted bail.\n\nA hearing took place on 7 October 2011. Pursuant to the principles set down by the High Court in R. v. Durham Prison Governor ex parte Hardial Singh [1984] 1 WLR 704 (see section on domestic law below), the Secretary of State cannot lawfully detain a person pending removal for longer than a reasonable period and, if it becomes apparent that the deportation cannot be effected within a reasonable period, the detention will become unlawful even if the reasonable period has not yet expired. The applicant claimed that his detention was in breach of the principles (a) on or after 16 June 2009 when the Court granted an interim measure under Rule 39 of the Rules of Court; (b) on or immediately after 16 June 2010 when he applied to revoke the deportation order; or (c) at all points after the revocation refusal on 17 November 2010.\n\nIn a judgment dated 14 November 2011 the Administrative Court dismissed the claim. It noted that in deciding whether or not there was a realistic prospect that deportation would take place within a reasonable time, the risk of absconding or re-offending were \u201cof paramount importance\u201d but neither risk could be regarded as a \u201ctrump card\u201d. Moreover, the fact that the period of detention occurred while the applicant was pursuing an appeal or comparable judicial process would also be a highly relevant factor, especially if there was a risk of absconding or reoffending.\n\nThe court noted that the applicant in the present case had six convictions for absconding and the Immigration Judges had consistently concluded that he was a significant abscond risk. It agreed with the Immigration Judges and also concluded that the risk was plainly substantial on the evidence available. Equally, the court took into account the fact that the applicant had family in the country at the times he absconded and therefore, contrary to his assertions, their presence did not remove the risk of absconding. Likewise, the Secretary of State\u2019s detention reviews had characterised the risk of the applicant reoffending as \u201chigh\u201d. The court further noted that the applicant\u2019s offences became less serious and more intermittent as time went on. However, the fact remained that while he was free he was committing offences of such seriousness as to require him to be imprisoned, including robbery and public order offences. The court also considered whether alternatives to detention could be used such as electronic tagging, monitoring by telephone and regular reporting. However, given the applicant\u2019s history of absconding, it concluded that the alternatives would not have been sufficient and there was an absence of adequate assurances from the applicant.\n\nAt the time the Administrative Court noted that the interim measure under Rule 39 of the Rules of Court, was awaiting a lead judgment on returns to Mogadishu (Sufi and Elmi, cited above) and it was clear that there would be no resolution of the applicant\u2019s claim - and the interim measure would therefore not be lifted - before that judgment was handed down. However, the Administrative Court observed that at the time the interim measure was indicated, there was uncertainty about when that judgment could be expected. Moreover, while the applicants in Sufi and Elmi would have had a reasonable to good prospect of success, a positive outcome had not been inevitable. Consequently, the Administrative Court did not accept that there was not, at the time the interim measure was indicated, a realistic prospect of removing the applicant within a reasonable time.\n\nFurthermore, the court did not accept that by the time of the applicant\u2019s application for a revocation order, a reasonable period had already expired or that there was no realistic prospect of deportation within a reasonable time. In addition, it observed that the Secretary of State had been entitled to take two weeks to consider the applicant\u2019s personal situation in light of the judgment in Sufi and Elmi. It therefore did not consider his continued detention up to 13 July 2011 to be unlawful.\n\nThe applicant was granted permission to appeal to the Court of Appeal. On appeal, he restated his arguments concerning the Hardial Singh principles which had been advanced in the court below. In addition, he submitted that the detention was vitiated by two public law errors that bore directly on the decision to detain: first, following the indication of the interim measure the Secretary of State had failed to take any reasonable steps to acquaint herself with when it might be lifted; and secondly, that the detention was maintained on the unlawful basis that the applicant could reduce the length of time in detention by withdrawing his application to the Court and returning voluntarily to Somalia. Finally, the applicant argued that his detention was in breach of Article 5 of the Convention.\n\nIn its judgment of 20 October 2012, the Court of Appeal conducted an extensive review of the circumstances of the case, in particular the fact that the applicant\u2019s appeal against deportation as well as three separate bail applications had been rejected by immigration judges, as well as the broader context in relation to the on-going litigation concerning removals to Somalia both before the domestic courts and tribunals as well as before this Court (see \u00a7\u00a7 28 to 32). It took into consideration the fact that the Rule 39 measure applied in the applicant\u2019s case did not involve any specific assessment of risk towards him by this Court, since at the material time this Court had adopted a fact-insensitive approach towards Rule 39 measures in respect of removals to Somalia, and noted the consequence that from October 2008 this Court had adjourned 116 applications concerning removal to Somalia. It also took account of correspondence between the Government and the registry of this Court from which it was clear that from April 2009 the Court would be granting a fact-insensitive Rule 39 measure to any applicant with removal directions to Mogadishu as well as the separate correspondence between the Government and this Court concerning the progress of Sufi and Elmi, cited above and the linked domestic case law.\n\nWith regard to the Hardial Singh ground, the Court of Appeal stated that there could be a realistic prospect of success without it being possible to specify or predict the date by which, or the period in which, removal can reasonably be expected to occur. It accepted that at the time of receipt of the Rule 39 measure in the applicant\u2019s case, although it was not possible to say when the proceedings before the Court would be concluded, there was nonetheless a reasonable prospect of their being concluded and of removal being effected within a reasonable time. Likewise, the Court of Appeal saw no reason to differ from the overall conclusion of the lower court on the lawfulness of the applicant\u2019s detention at the time of the application for revocation of the deportation order or after the judgment in Sufi and Elmi was handed down. Lord Justice Elias dissented on one point only: acknowledging that \u201cthere is no one right answer to the question what is a reasonable period\u201d, he believed that the period of two weeks which elapsed following the judgment in Sufi and Elmi before the applicant was released from detention was not reasonable in all the circumstances.\n\nWith regard to the second ground of appeal, the court accepted that if the applicant were able to show that the decisions to maintain his detention were vitiated by public law he would succeed in establishing that the detention was unlawful and would have a claim of false imprisonment. However, the Court of Appeal found that although some of the passages in the review forms were not very happily expressed, they did not involve any legal error. Moreover, as the same conclusion was reached regardless of whether or not reference was made to the question of voluntary return, it appeared that the applicant\u2019s refusal of this offer played no material part in the assessment of whether detention should be maintained.\n\nFinally, the court found that Article 5 \u00a7 1(f) of the Convention added nothing of substance in the present case. In reaching this conclusion, it rejected the applicant\u2019s assertion that Mikolenko v. Estonia, no. 10664/05, 8 October 2009 was authority for the proposition that the lack of a realistic prospect of deportation within a defined period rendered detention under Article 5 \u00a7 1(f) unlawful.\n\nThe Supreme Court refused the applicant leave to appeal on 26 March 2013.", "applicant": "Liban Mohamud Ahmed", "offset": 692, "idx_mapping": [692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 692, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Kurt Bösch is the owner of a farm in Frastranz. On 21 April 1999 he asked the Mayor (Bürgermeister) of Frastanz to grant him a permit for the building of roofing between two buildings in order to create a tool shed on his farm. On 12 July 1999 the Mayor, acting as building authority of first instance, dismissed this request as the project was contrary to the relevant area zoning plan (Flächenwidmungsplan). On 22 July 1999 Kurt Bösch appealed and submitted in particular that permits had been granted for the building of the other two buildings. He had constructed the roofing at issue at the same time and then sought a building permit for it as in the other cases.
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[91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-80444", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 17912/05) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Kurt B\u00f6sch (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 10 May 2005.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr W.L. Weh, a lawyer practising in Bregenz. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador Mr F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant complained, in particular, about a breach of Article 6 of the Convention on account of unreasonably lengthy proceedings in which no oral hearing before a tribunal was held.\n\nOn 10 April 2006 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant is the owner of a farm in Frastranz. On 21 April 1999 he asked the Mayor (B\u00fcrgermeister) of Frastanz to grant him a permit for the building of roofing between two buildings in order to create a tool shed on his farm.\n\nOn 12 July 1999 the Mayor, acting as building authority of first instance, dismissed this request as the project was contrary to the relevant area zoning plan (Fl\u00e4chenwidmungsplan). On 22 July 1999 the applicant appealed and submitted in particular that permits had been granted for the building of the other two buildings. He had constructed the roofing at issue at the same time and then sought a building permit for it as in the other cases. He further requested, should it be necessary, that the Municipal Council grant him an exemption permit under Section 22 of the Regional Planning Act (Raumplanungsgesetz). Under this provision a land owner may be exempted under certain conditions from the application of the relevant area zoning plan.\n\nThe Municipal Council (Gemeindeamt) remitted the case back to the Mayor. Having held a hearing on 15 March 2000, the Mayor, on 13 September 2000, again dismissed the applicant's request for a building permit. He referred to the relevant area zoning plan (Fl\u00e4chenwidmungsplan) and further noted that the local council (Gemeindevorstand) had not granted an exemption permit. The Mayor finally observed that for the construction of the two other buildings there had been proceedings for re-designation of the concerned land. The applicant had then promised to demolish the already existing roofing which had been built without the authorities' consent and the relating demolition order had not been challenged by the applicant.\n\nBy a decision of 15 January 2001 the local council dismissed the applicant's request for an exemption permit. It noted that the building project concerned 60 square metres while the relevant provisions of the Vorarlberg Regional Planning Act (Raumplanungsgesetz) provided such an exemption only for a small-sized project of around 25 square meters.\n\nOn 16 January and 11 July 2001 respectively the Municipal Council (Gemeindeamt) dismissed the applicant's appeals of 27 September 2000 against the above decisions.\n\nThe Feldkirch District Administrative Authority (Bezirkshaupt-mannschaft) confirmed these decisions on 28 March and 8 October 2001 respectively.\n\nOn 15 May 2001 the applicant filed a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) concerning the refusal of the building permit and requested the court to examine the lawfulness of the underlying area zoning plan. He further requested the Constitutional Court to hold an oral hearing.\n\nOn 20 June 2001 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the applicant's complaint as it had no prospect of success.\n\nThe applicant subsequently filed two complaints with the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof). In the first complaint, of 24 September 2001, he submitted that the refusal to grant him a building permit had been unlawful as the actual designation of the land concerned was not clear and the underlying area zoning plan was unlawful. In the latter regard, he requested the Administrative Court to institute proceedings for examination of the lawfulness of the area zoning plan with the Constitutional Court after having established the relevant facts. He further submitted that the relevant authorities should have waited for the outcome of the proceedings concerning his request for an exemption permit. In his second complaint, of 20 November 2001, the applicant submitted that an exemption should have been granted as his project was small-sized within the meaning of the Regional Planning Act. In both complaints the applicant asked the Administrative Court to hold a hearing.\n\nOn 21 October 2004 the Administrative Court dismissed both complaints, which it had joined. The Administrative Court found, in accordance with Section 39(2) of the Administrative Court Act (Verwaltungsgerichtshofgesetz), that there was no need for a hearing as the applicant's complaints concerned only legal questions of no particular complexity. The question of the lawfulness of the area zoning plan had been considered by the Constitutional Court, which had no doubts as to the lawfulness either. This decision was served on the applicant's counsel on 11 November 2004.\n\nIn the meantime, on 29 June 2000, the Municipal Council dismissed the applicant's request for re-designation of the land concerned. 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| 1
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Fazia Ali, a parent of two young children, is a homeless person in priority need of accommodation within the meaning of Part VII of the Housing Act 1996 (“the 1996 Act”). Birmingham City Council (“the Council”) is a local housing authority within the meaning of the 1996 Act and is required, under Part VII of that Act, to perform statutory functions in relation to homeless persons in its area. Fazia Ali applied as a homeless person to Birmingham City Council for assistance in October 2006. By letter dated 7 November 2006 the Council determined that Fazia Ali was homeless, eligible for assistance, in priority need and not intentionally homeless. The authority therefore accepted that it owed Fazia Ali the “main housing duty” to provide accommodation to her and her family.
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"entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Runa Begum", "start_offset": 16802}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 17050, "entity_id": "001-158031_a8_e26", "entity_mention_id": "001-158031_a8_em92", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "County Court", "start_offset": 17038}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 17069, "entity_id": "001-158031_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-158031_a8_em93", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 17056}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Fazia Ali", "meta": {"applicant": "Fazia Ali", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2015}, "doc_id": "001-158031", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 40378/10) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Ms Fazia Ali (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 15 July 2010.\n\nThe applicant was born in 1980 and lives in Birmingham. She is represented before the Court by Mr M. McIlvaney of the Community Law Partnership, a solicitor practising in Birmingham.\n\nThe United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms R. Tomlinson of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nOn 7 November 2012 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant, a parent of two young children, is a homeless person in priority need of accommodation within the meaning of Part VII of the Housing Act 1996 (\u201cthe 1996 Act\u201d).\n\nBirmingham City Council (\u201cthe Council\u201d) is a local housing authority within the meaning of the 1996 Act and is required, under Part VII of that Act, to perform statutory functions in relation to homeless persons in its area.\n\nThe applicant applied as a homeless person to Birmingham City Council for assistance in October 2006. By letter dated 7 November 2006 the Council determined that the applicant was homeless, eligible for assistance, in priority need and not intentionally homeless. The authority therefore accepted that it owed the applicant the \u201cmain housing duty\u201d to provide accommodation to her and her family. On 8 November 2006 the authority made the applicant an offer of accommodation which she refused because she was unhappy with the location. The authority told the applicant that in its view the accommodation was suitable but following a review of that decision, which was determined in the applicant\u2019s favour, they agreed to make her another offer.\n\nOn 14 March 2007 a Housing Officer informed the applicant by telephone that another offer was being made, that a viewing had been arranged and that a letter would follow. The authority claims that on that same day a written offer of accommodation at 16 Bromford Lane, Birmingham was sent to the applicant. That letter contained a statement to the effect that if the applicant refused the offer without good cause the authority would consider that it had discharged its duty to her under Part VII of the 1996 Act. However, the applicant denied receiving the letter; instead, she claimed that she had to telephone the housing office to obtain the address and arrange the viewing appointment. She viewed the property on 19 March 2007 but declined the offer as she was not happy with the condition of the communal area.\n\nBy letter dated 21 March 2007 the Council notified the applicant that, by reason of her rejection of its offer, pursuant to section 193 of the Housing Act its duty to her under Part VII of the 1996 Act had been discharged. By letter dated 29 March 2007 the applicant notified the Council that she had not received an offer in writing and requested that the Council review its decision.\n\nWhile the applicant\u2019s case was pending before the review panel, a further offer of accommodation was made to her pursuant to a different scheme, namely the scheme for the provision of housing accommodation under Part VI of the 1996 Act. She did not accept this offer.\n\nOn 1 May 2007 a Homelessness Review Officer employed by the Council conducted a telephone interview with the applicant to establish her reasons for refusing the offer of accommodation at 16 Bromford Lane. The Officer claimed that in the course of this conversation the applicant accepted that she had in fact received the offer letter but refused the offer of accommodation because there was no lift and the entrance to the property was dirty, which could put her youngest son\u2019s health at risk. However, the applicant claims that at the time she had thought she was being questioned about the subsequent offer of accommodation, in respect of which she did not deny having received a letter.\n\nBy letter dated 2 May 2007 the Homelessness Review Officer upheld the decision that the applicant\u2019s refusal of the offer of accommodation had discharged the Council\u2019s main housing duty to her under section 193(2) of the 1996 Act. In particular, the Officer found that the applicant had been sent an offer letter from the Council which complied with the mandatory requirements of section 193 of the 1996 Act prior to her refusal and there was no reason to believe that she had not received it. In any case, she noted that the applicant had not refused the accommodation because she had not received a written offer but because she did not consider the accommodation to be suitable for her family\u2019s needs.\n\nThe applicant appealed to Birmingham County Court under section 204 of the 1996 Act, which allowed for an appeal on a point of law only. The jurisdiction exercised by the County Court under section 204 was that of judicial review. In her grounds of appeal the applicant claimed that the Council, in reaching its decision, had taken into account irrelevant considerations and/or acted under a fundamental mistake of fact; that the Council had acted unlawfully as it had failed to make adequate inquiries to enable it to reach a lawful decision; that its decision was one which no rational Council would have made; that it had fettered its discretion; and that it had acted in breach of natural justice.\n\nThe appeal was heard on 29 August 2007, on which date the judge noted that the only ground of appeal argued before him was that the letter of offer had failed to arrive. The applicant submitted that the County Court should hear evidence on the matter so that it could determine it for itself. However, although the judge accepted that the Homelessness Review Officer was not an independent or impartial tribunal, he found that the decision whether or not the letter had been received was properly and fairly to be made by her and he declined to hear evidence on the point. Although it was not specifically stated in the correspondence between the Council and the applicant, the judge appeared to consider whether or not the Council had discharged its duty under section 193(7) (see paragraph 25 below).\n\nThe applicant subsequently appealed to the Court of Appeal and then to the Supreme Court. At each level, the grounds of appeal were that the decision taken by the Council\u2019s Homelessness Review Officer had constituted a determination of the applicant\u2019s civil rights for the purposes of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention; that the Officer had not been an independent or impartial tribunal as required by Article 6 \u00a7 1; that the decision of the Officer had turned on the resolution of a simple question of disputed primary fact, involving no application of specialist knowledge; that pursuant to Tsfayo v. the United Kingdom, no. 60860/00, 14 November 2006, Article 6 \u00a7 1 required that the applicant be able to appeal that simple factual determination; and, alternatively, that the restriction of all statutory appeals to points of law, no matter what the nature of the decision, was incompatible with Article 6 \u00a7 1.\n\nBoth the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court decision on the applicant\u2019s appeal followed the decision of the House of Lords in Runa Begum v. London Borough of Tower Hamlets [2003] UKHL 5. In Runa Begum the House of Lords found that judicial review of a Homelessness Review Officer\u2019s decision that a claimant had been unreasonable in rejecting the accommodation offered to her provided \u201csufficiency of review\u201d for the purposes of Article 6 \u00a7 1. The House of Lords stressed that although the Officer had been called upon to resolve some disputed factual issues, these findings of fact were \u201conly staging posts on the way to the much broader judgments\u201d concerning local conditions and the availability of alternative accommodation, which the Officer had the specialist knowledge and experience to make. Although the Officer could not be regarded as independent, since she was employed by the Council which had made the offer of accommodation which the claimant had rejected, statutory regulations provided substantial safeguards to ensure that the review would be independently and fairly conducted, free from improper external influences. Any significant departure from the procedural rules would have afforded a ground of appeal.\n\nThe applicant submitted that the present case could be distinguished from that of Runa Begum because it concerned the simple question of a finding of primary fact rather than an evaluative judgment, such as a qualitative assessment of \u201csuitability\u201d.\n\nA. The judgment of the Court of Appeal\n\nOn 7 November 2008 the Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal. In doing so, it proceeded on the assumption that the case involved the determination of the applicant\u2019s civil rights for the purposes of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention. In relation to the question whether the decision of the Homelessness Review Officer had turned on the resolution of a simple question of primary fact, or whether it required the application of specialist knowledge, Thomas LJ stated that: \u201ci) It is far from easy to draw the distinction advanced in practice. A finding of suitability is itself a finding based on conclusions of primary fact ... ii) There would be considerable complexity in administering a scheme with these distinctions. A scheme which enabled certain factual issues to be subject to a full right of appeal and others which would not be so subject would be too uncertain and too complex ... iii) ... [I]f the extent of the review by the court was determined by the answer to the questions of whether a finding of fact was a primary finding, or whether that finding required expertise or whether that finding was determinative, the room for argument and uncertainty would be considerable ... .... v) The additional review which would be provided by the suggested full right of appeal on fact would not in practice be very wide ... vi) The full right of appeal sought from a review officer on fact might have to be significantly different from an appeal from a court ... the procedure adopted by the reviewing officer in reaching findings of fact is informal and there are no transcripts of evidence. .... viii) There would therefore clearly be significant implications for not only the statutory scheme but for the court and tribunal system, if this court were to hold that a full right of appeal was required on findings of primary fact or on issues of primary fact where the finding was determinative ... The statutory scheme for housing and the statutory scheme for the method of appeals in respect of courts and tribunals are determined by Parliament; funds are provided for their finance by Parliament ... ix) The present scope of the appeal provides a real measure of protection for homeless appellants. It is clear from the careful judgments of Judge MacDuff QC and Judge McKenna that both considered that the housing authority had fairly treated both appellants in cases where the determinative issue was a question of fact. This conclusion reinforces the view I have expressed that the review by the County Court in cases of this kind was sufficient and that there is no reason to attempt to find that it is outside the scope of the decision in Runa Begum. It demonstrates, as Lord Bingham observed at paragraph 11, that the scheme properly operated should ensure fair treatment. I consider that it does whether the decision turns on a simple issue of primary fact or a conclusion of fact based on primary facts (such as a conclusion on suitability).\u201d\n\nThomas LJ therefore concluded that the decision of the House of Lords in Runa Begum applied to all County Court appeals under section 204 of the 1996 Act, no matter whether the decision turned on a simple issue of primary fact or not. He further held that the decision in Tsfayo, which concerned the housing benefit scheme, did not affect appeals brought in homelessness cases: \u201c34. ... In the first place the Strasbourg Court relied on the decision in Runa Begum in reaching its conclusion and said nothing that cast doubt on the correctness of the decision. Secondly, the decisions in Runa Begum and Tsfayo each turned on a careful examination of the whole of the statutory scheme relevant to the particular case. Thirdly, it is apparent from the details of the scheme considered in Tsfayo that whereas in the case of prospective benefit, central government reimbursed the local authority 95% of what it was required to pay, it only reimbursed 50% of backdated awards (see paragraph 19 of the decision); this fact had been heavily relied upon in argument (see paragraph 37 of the decision) for the powerful contention that the hearing had taken place before a tribunal consisting of members of an authority which would be required to pay 50% of the benefit if it made an award in the applicant\u2019s favour; the HBRB was not independent of the parties. Finally when the housing benefits scheme was looked upon as a whole, it was readily apparent that a conclusion could be reached, in contradistinction to the scheme under Part VII of the Housing Act, that the particular scheme was not compliant with Article 6.1.\u201d\n\nB. The judgment of the Supreme Court\n\nOn 17 February 2010 the Supreme Court dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal, finding that the determination by the Council, that its duty to secure accommodation for the applicant had ceased, was not a determination of her civil rights within the meaning of Article 6. Lord Hope of Craighead with whom Baroness Hale and Lord Brown agreed, stated that: \u201c... I would be prepared now to hold that cases where the award of services or benefits in kind is not an individual right of which the applicant can consider himself the holder, but is dependent upon a series of evaluative judgments by the provider as to whether the statutory criteria are satisfied and how the need for it ought to be met, do not engage article 6(1). In my opinion they do not give rise to \u2018civil rights\u2019 within the autonomous meaning that is given to that expression for the purposes of that article.\u201d\n\nIn supporting that conclusion Lord Hope looked to what the relevant provisions within Part VII of the 1996 Act were intended to achieve. He observed that: \u201c... It provides a right to assistance if the relevant conditions are satisfied. But this is not a pecuniary right, nor is the benefit that is to be provided defined by the application of specific rules laid down by the statute. Even where the full homelessness duty arises under section 193, the content of the statutory duty lacks precise definition. There is no private law analogy. The duty is expressed in broad terms \u2013 to secure that \u2018accommodation is available\u2019 \u2013 which leaves much to the discretionary administrative judgment of the authority.\u201d\n\nHe continued, following a review of the jurisprudence of the Court, by noting that: \u201c43. There are however ... a number of straws in the wind since Runa Begum that suggest that a distinction can indeed be made between the class of social security and welfare benefits that are of the kind exemplified by Salesi v Italy whose substance the domestic law defines precisely and those benefits which are, in their essence, dependent upon the exercise of judgment by the relevant authority ...\u201d\n\nLater in his judgment, Lord Hope, for completeness, set out some observations on whether the scheme of decision-making was Article 6\u2011compliant. He commented that the possibility, foreshadowed in argument, of separating simple, formal questions of \u201cgateway\u201d facts, such as the letter issue, from the expert assessment of suitability would needlessly complicate a scheme which was designed to be simple to administer.\n\nThe court went on to observe that the fact that a County Court did not have a full fact-finding jurisdiction when hearing an appeal under section 204 of the 1996 Act did not mean that the applicant was deprived of what was required to satisfy the guarantees of Article 6 of the Convention. In this connection, Lord Hope said this: \u201c54. ... For ease of administration the review is entrusted to a single officer who is equipped to deal with issues as to the suitability of the accommodation that has been declined. An answer to the question whether or not the letters were received was incidental to a more searching and judgmental inquiry into the accommodation\u2019s suitability. ... These cases are quite different from Tsfayo, where no broad questions requiring professional knowledge or experience had to be addressed once the question whether there was good cause had been answered. In these circumstances I would hold that the ratio of the decision in Runa Begum should be applied and that the absence of a full fact-finding jurisdiction in the court to which an appeal lies under section 204 does not deprive it of what it needs to satisfy the requirements of article 6(1).\u201d\n\nUnlike the County Court, the Supreme Court appeared to consider whether or not the Council had discharged its duty to the applicant under section 193(5); however, it appeared to accept that a formal letter of offer was required by that subsection.", "applicant": "Fazia Ali", "offset": 778, "idx_mapping": [778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 778, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 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Ulrich Sommer was born in 1952 and lives in Cologne. He works as a criminal defence lawyer. In 2009 Ulrich Sommer defended a client in criminal proceedings. After the proceedings had concluded, and when the client had already been imprisoned, the client’s fiancée transferred Ulrich Sommer’s legal fees (1,500 euros (EUR)) from her private bank account to Ulrich Sommer’s professional account. The subject of the bank transfer read: “Prof Dr Sommer fees (client’s last name)”.
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"start_offset": 7832}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7897, "entity_id": "001-173091_a8_e30", "entity_mention_id": "001-173091_a8_em42", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Court", "start_offset": 7883}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8220, "entity_id": "001-173091_a8_e34", "entity_mention_id": "001-173091_a8_em43", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 September 2013", "start_offset": 8203}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8253, "entity_id": "001-173091_a8_e35", "entity_mention_id": "001-173091_a8_em44", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 8225}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 8362, "entity_id": "001-173091_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-173091_a8_em45", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2 BvR 2268/12", "start_offset": 8349}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Ulrich Sommer", "meta": {"applicant": "Ulrich Sommer", "articles": [91, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2017}, "doc_id": "001-173091", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 73607/13) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a German national, Mr Ulrich Sommer (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 25 November 2013.\n\nThe German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agents, Mr H.-J. Behrens and Mrs K. Behr, of the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection.\n\nRelying on Article 8 of the Convention, the applicant alleged that the public prosecution office had collected and stored information about his professional bank account in a manner which was disproportionate.\n\nOn 3 February 2016 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nWritten submissions were received from the German Federal Bar Association (Bundesrechtsanwaltskammer), which had been granted leave by the Vice\u2011President to intervene as third party (Article 36 \u00a7 2 of the Convention and Rule 44 \u00a7 2 of the Rules of Court).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1952 and lives in Cologne. He works as a criminal defence lawyer.\n\nIn 2009 the applicant defended a client in criminal proceedings. After the proceedings had concluded, and when the client had already been imprisoned, the client\u2019s fianc\u00e9e transferred the applicant\u2019s legal fees (1,500 euros (EUR)) from her private bank account to the applicant\u2019s professional account. The subject of the bank transfer read: \u201cProf Dr Sommer fees (client\u2019s last name)\u201d.\n\nIn 2010 and 2011 the Bochum public prosecution office conducted investigations into several individuals suspected of having committed fraud on a commercial basis as members of a gang. One of the suspects was the aforementioned applicant\u2019s former client, who again retained the applicant as his defence lawyer. During these investigations, the bank accounts of several people, including the applicant\u2019s client and the client\u2019s fianc\u00e9e, were inspected. The inspection revealed that the client\u2019s fianc\u00e9e had received money (EUR 7,400) which was suspected to have stemmed from illegal activities, and had transferred EUR 1,500 for legal fees to the applicant\u2019s bank account.\n\nOn the basis of the bank transfer of fees from the fianc\u00e9e to the applicant in relation to the first set of criminal proceedings, the Bochum public prosecution office also contacted the applicant\u2019s bank. On 1 March 2011 the public prosecutor asked for a list of all transactions concerning the applicant\u2019s bank account from 1 January 2009 until that day. He asked the bank not to reveal the request to the applicant. He based his request for information on Articles 161a, 51 and 70 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (hereinafter \u201cthe CCP\u201d), in conjunction with Article 95 of that Code (see paragraphs 23\u201125 below).\n\nOn 1 April 2011 the public prosecutor requested further information and asked the following questions: \u201c(a) Which other bank accounts, investment accounts or safe deposit boxes at your bank belong to the person in question? (b) What rights of disposal (Verf\u00fcgungsberechtigungen) does the person in question have? (c) Who else has a right of disposal? (d) Do other accounts exist of which the person in question is the beneficiary? (e) If so, what are the current balances on these accounts? (f) If bank accounts have been closed by the person in question, please submit information about the date of closure and the balance at the time of closure, and where the money was transferred after closure. (g) Which addresses of the person in question are known to you? (h) Are you aware of any money transfers to or other transactions with foreign countries? If so, please specify the bank, account and amount of each transfer or transaction. (i) Please submit a list of all transactions for all existing or closed accounts from 1 January 2009 onwards. (j) Are there any credit cards connected to any of the accounts?\u201d\n\nThe bank complied with both requests for information and submitted the information to the public prosecution office. In both instances, the public prosecutor did not order the bank to submit the information, but pointed to the obligations of witnesses set out in the CCP and the possible consequences of non\u2011compliance (see paragraph 23 below).\n\nThe information received was analysed by the police and the public prosecutor, and a list of fifty-three transactions deemed to be relevant was included in the investigation file as evidence. Therefore, everyone who had access to the case file, such as the lawyers of the co\u2011accused, also had access to the applicant\u2019s banking information, including the names of his clients who had transferred fees.\n\nOn 31 January 2012, after several unsuccessful requests, the applicant, as the lawyer of the accused, was granted access to the investigation file. From the case file he learned, for the first time, of the investigative measures concerning his own bank account.\n\nOn 24 April 2012 the applicant asked the Chief Public Prosecutor to hand over to him all data received from the bank and destroy all related data at the public prosecution office. In his request the applicant emphasised his role as a criminal defence lawyer, which was known to the acting public prosecutor, and the consequences for his clients, whose names were accessible through the banking information. He further argued that the investigative measures lacked a legal basis.\n\nOn 2 May 2012 the Bochum Chief Public Prosecutor refused the applicant\u2019s request. He stated that there was a suspicion that the money transferred from the client\u2019s fianc\u00e9e stemmed from illegal activities. Consequently, it was legitimate for the public prosecutor to investigate whether further money transfers had taken place between the applicant and his client or the client\u2019s fianc\u00e9e. Therefore, since the investigative measures were legitimate, the information received had to be kept in the investigation file. The Chief Public Prosecutor further pointed out that there was no legal basis for returning the data or taking the documents out of the investigation file. The Chief Public Prosecutor cited Article 161 of the CCP (see paragraph 22 below) as a legal basis for the information requests, since the bank in question was a bank under public law and therefore considered to be an authority.\n\nSubsequently, the file was transferred to the Bochum Regional Court (\u201cthe Regional Court\u201d), because the criminal proceedings against the applicant\u2019s client had started. The applicant therefore asked the Regional Court to return the data.\n\nOn 19 July 2012 the Regional Court refused the applicant\u2019s application. The court found that the investigation was lawful, that the bank had provided the information voluntarily, that the documents could therefore only be returned to the bank and not to the applicant, and that the prohibition of seizure under Article 97 of the CCP (see paragraph 28 below) was not applicable, since the information had not been in the applicant\u2019s possession. Nonetheless, in order to safeguard the client\u2011lawyer privilege, it also decided to separate the documents in question from the general court file and only grant access to them if reasons proving sufficient interest were provided.\n\nThe applicant appealed against the decision. He challenged in particular the findings that the bank had acted voluntarily and that there had been sufficient suspicion for such an extensive analysis of his banking transactions. He further reiterated that, owing to his position as a lawyer, there were several safeguards in place concerning the seizure of documents (see paragraphs 26-29 below), and these should not have been circumvented because his and his clients\u2019 personal information was stored at and by the bank, and not at his office.\n\nOn 13 September 2012 the Hamm Court of Appeal confirmed the decision of the Regional Court. It found that the decision was proportionate and that the safeguards were not applicable, in particular since the bank could not be considered a person assisting the applicant or a person involved in the professional activities of the applicant under Article 53a of the CCP (see paragraph 27 below).\n\nOn 19 September 2013 the Federal Constitutional Court refused to admit the applicant\u2019s constitutional complaint, without providing reasons (case no. 2 BvR 2268/12).", "applicant": "Ulrich Sommer", "offset": 1075, "idx_mapping": [1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1075, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550], "duplicates": 1}
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Michael Stechauner lives in Großau. Michael Stechauner is a practitioner of general medicine. He has an individual contract (Einzelvertrag) with the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board (Niederösterreichische Gebietskrankenkasse). Michael Stechauner has also obtained special diplomas in the areas of echocardiology and sonography and performs these types of examination on his patients. One part of the individual contract between Michael Stechauner and the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board is the Remuneration Regulation (Honorarordnung) which states that certain types of examinations will only be reimbursed if they are performed by a specialist doctor.
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"entity_id": "001-96998_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-96998_a8_em82", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Appeals Commission", "start_offset": 5927}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6189, "entity_id": "001-96998_a8_e52", "entity_mention_id": "001-96998_a8_em83", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Regional Medical Associations or Regional Health Insurance Boards", "start_offset": 6124}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6370, "entity_id": "001-96998_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-96998_a8_em84", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 November 2005", "start_offset": 6354}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Michael Stechauner", "meta": {"applicant": "Michael Stechauner", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2010}, "doc_id": "001-96998", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 20087/06) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Michael Stechauner (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 3 May 2006.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr M. Lechner, a lawyer practising in Lochau. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the proceedings concerning his doctor\u2019s fees had not been dealt with within a reasonable time and that the Regional Appeals Commission which dealt with his case had not been impartial or independent.\n\nOn 2 May 2008 the President of the First Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility (Article 29 \u00a7 3).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant lives in Gro\u00dfau.\n\nThe applicant is a practitioner of general medicine. He has an individual contract (Einzelvertrag) with the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board (Nieder\u00f6sterreichische Gebietskrankenkasse). The applicant has also obtained special diplomas in the areas of echocardiology and sonography and performs these types of examination on his patients.\n\nOne part of the individual contract between the applicant and the Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board is the Remuneration Regulation (Honorarordnung) which states that certain types of examinations will only be reimbursed if they are performed by a specialist doctor.\n\nThe Lower Austrian Health Insurance Board refused to reimburse echocardiologic and sonographic examinations as the applicant was not a specialist doctor but a general practitioner.\n\nOn 2 February 1998 the applicant claimed payment for echocardiologic and sonographic services amounting to 1,900.31 euros (EUR) for the third quarter of 1997 before the Joint Arbitration Committee (Parit\u00e4tische Schiedskommission); on 23 April 1998 he submitted another claim for payment amounting to EUR 1,896.65 for the fourth quarter of 1997; at an unknown date this claim for payment was increased to EUR 1,944.57. On 6 July 1998 the applicant submitted a claim for payment of EUR 1,184.81 for the first quarter of 1998.\n\nThe Joint Arbitration Committee held hearings on 1 April 1998 and 16 September 1998.\n\nAs the Joint Arbitration Committee did not reach a decision because of a tie, the applicant filed an application for transfer of jurisdiction (Devolutionsantrag) to the Regional Appeals Commission (Landesberufungskommission) on 2 July 1998 and 7 October 1998, respectively.\n\nMeanwhile, on 6 October 1998 the applicant had claimed payment for echocardiologic and sonographic services amounting to EUR 1,169.75 for the second quarter of 1998. At a later date this claim was reduced to EUR 1,098.63.\n\nOn 25 November 1998 the Regional Appeals Commission refused to grant the applicant\u2019s claims concerning the third and fourth quarters of 1997 and the first quarter of 1998.\n\nOn 12 April 1999 the applicant complained to the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) which, on 27 November 2000, set aside the decision of the Regional Appeals Commission of 25 November 1998. It found that the applicant\u2019s right to have his case heard by an impartial tribunal had been violated as one of the assessors nominated by the Lower Austrian Medical Association had negotiated the disputed clause of the Remuneration Regulation. Consequently, the Regional Appeals Commission did not appear independent and impartial.\n\nAs regards the claim for the second quarter of 1998, the applicant had filed an application for transfer of jurisdiction to the Regional Appeals Commission on 6 April 1999 owing to a tie in the Joint Arbitration Committee. As at that time the applicant\u2019s complaint against the decision of 25 November 1998 was pending before the Constitutional Court, the Regional Appeals Commission decided to stay the proceedings until the Constitutional Court had given its decision. On an unknown date the Regional Appeals Commission decided to join the proceedings in respect of all the applicant\u2019s claims, that is to say; those for the third and fourth quarter of 1997 and for the first and second quarters of 1998.\n\nAfter the Constitutional Court had set aside the Regional Appeals Commission\u2019s decision of 25 November 1998, the newly composed Regional Appeals Commission again rejected the applicant\u2019s claims on 19 September 2001.\n\nThe applicant complained to the Constitutional Court that there had not been a public hearing. The Constitutional Court set aside the contested decision for the lack of a public hearing in a decision of 25 November 2002.\n\nOn 26 November 2003 the Regional Appeals Commission held a public hearing. On 20 December 2004 the Regional Appeals Commission rejected the applicant\u2019s claims, holding that it was up to the parties to the general agreement to limit direct reimbursement of certain services to specialist doctors. Such limitations served the planning and administration of affordable healthcare services and were objectively justified.\n\nOn 29 December 2004 the applicant complained to the Constitutional Court, alleging a breach of the principle of equal treatment and lack of independence and impartiality of the Regional Appeals Commission.\n\nOn 27 September 2005 the Constitutional Court found no violation of the right to a fair hearing and upheld the contested decision. It held that the assessors of the Regional Appeals Commission were independent in exercising their duties and that no circumstances giving rise to doubts about their impartiality or independence had arisen in the present case. In particular, none of the assessors of the Regional Appeals Commission had been involved in the conclusion of the general agreement or of the individual contract at issue in the proceedings. The mere fact that the assessors were members of Regional Medical Associations or Regional Health Insurance Boards which had provisions of the same content in their general agreements was not sufficient to cast doubt on their impartiality. This decision was served on counsel on 29 November 2005.", "applicant": "Michael Stechauner", "offset": 1107, "idx_mapping": [1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769], "duplicates": 1}
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Between 1984 and 1992 Max Myer Kingsley was the sole managing director of London Clubs Limited (“LCL”), a company which owned and controlled six of the twenty casinos licensed to operate in London. LCL was a subsidiary company of London Clubs International plc (“LCI”) of which Max Myer Kingsley was also managing director. Both companies will hereafter be collectively referred to as London Clubs. In June 1991 a raid took place at the various premises of LCL. The raid was carried out by the police in the presence of officials of the Gaming Board for Great Britain (“the Gaming Board”), a statutory body which inspects and monitors the gaming industry.
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Valner", "start_offset": 401}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 444, "entity_id": "001-59121_a8_e7", "entity_mention_id": "001-59121_a8_em7", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "London", "start_offset": 438}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 478, "entity_id": "001-59121_a8_e8", "entity_mention_id": "001-59121_a8_em8", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "C. Greenwood QC", "start_offset": 463}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 498, "entity_id": "001-59121_a8_e9", "entity_mention_id": "001-59121_a8_em9", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ms J. Stratford", "start_offset": 483}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 538, "entity_id": "001-59121_a8_e10", "entity_mention_id": "001-59121_a8_em10", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "United Kingdom Government", "start_offset": 513}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 609, "entity_id": "001-59121_a8_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-59121_a8_em11", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr C.A. 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"countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2000}, "doc_id": "001-59121", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 35605/97) against the United Kingdom lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Mr Max Myer Kingsley (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 23 December 1996.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr N. Valner, a lawyer practising in London, and by Professor C. Greenwood QC and Ms J. Stratford, Counsel. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr C.A. Whomersley, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the proceedings before the Gaming Board Panel were in violation of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nBy a decision of 14 September 1999, the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nThe Chamber having decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine), the parties replied in writing to each other\u2019s observations.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nBetween 1984 and 1992 the applicant was the sole managing director of London Clubs Limited (\u201cLCL\u201d), a company which owned and controlled six of the twenty casinos licensed to operate in London. LCL was a subsidiary company of London Clubs International plc (\u201cLCI\u201d) of which the applicant was also managing director. Both companies will hereafter be collectively referred to as London Clubs.\n\nIn June 1991 a raid took place at the various premises of LCL. The raid was carried out by the police in the presence of officials of the Gaming Board for Great Britain (\u201cthe Gaming Board\u201d), a statutory body which inspects and monitors the gaming industry. A large quantity of documents were seized. In March 1992 the Gaming Board lodged objections with the clerk to the Licensing Magistrates, with regard to LCL\u2019s annual application for renewal of the licences it held in respect of each of its casinos. The Gaming Board also made cancellation applications in respect of the existing licences held by LCL. A meeting was held between the Gaming Board and the non-executive directors of LCL and their legal advisors on 26 March 1992. As a result of this meeting, the applicant and the other executive directors (with the exception of the finance director) resigned with effect from 30 April 1992, on the understanding that such resignation was involuntary and constituted dismissal by London Clubs. Subsequently an agreement was reached between the Gaming Board and London Clubs, whereby LCL would apply for new licences for the casinos, via re-constituted operating companies, to which application the Gaming Board would not object. If the applications were successful and new licences were granted by the Licensing Magistrates, LCL would undertake to surrender its existing licences, thereby avoiding the necessity for the applications for cancellation or renewal to be heard. The Gaming Board issued LCL with certificates of consent, which LCL were statutorily obliged to obtain from the Gaming Board as a pre-requisite to making an application to the Licensing Magistrates for new licences. Objections to the issuing of new licences were made by a rival casino owner. However these objections were rejected and new licences were granted in October 1992, after a three day hearing before the Licensing Magistrates. The Gaming Board was represented at the hearing and expressed to the Licensing Magistrates its support for the application of LCL, explaining the grounds on which the Gaming Board itself had granted LCL certificates of consent in the following terms: \u201cIn determining that it should issue certificates of consent the Board took into consideration, amongst other relevant factors, the degree to which LCI had addressed the Board\u2019s grave concerns at the matters of complaint referred to above, and in particular had in mind the following: Those executive directors of LCI and of [LCL] who in the Board\u2019s view carried the principal responsibility for the matters of complaint ... [the applicant was named along with nine others] have left the company and relinquished their management shares: (.....) The Board and Police viewed the matters raised in their cancellation applications extremely seriously. However they are satisfied that the practices that were unacceptable have now been eradicated and that those individuals responsible for encouraging or tolerating them have been removed.\u201d\n\nIn November 1992 the Chairman of the Gaming Board, Lady Littler, addressed the British Casino Association at their annual luncheon. Her speech referred to London Clubs and commented: \u201cWe [the Gaming Board] satisfied ourselves that the practices we and the Police had regarded as unacceptable had ceased, that persons regarded by the Board and Police as not fit and proper had been removed ... .\u201d\n\nAs a result of this speech, the applicant\u2019s legal advisors entered into correspondence with the Gaming Board\u2019s solicitors, on the basis that the speech was defamatory. The Gaming Board alleged that the \u201cpersons\u201d referred to were minority shareholders and no reference to the applicant was intended. The applicant did not accept this explanation, however defamation proceedings were not commenced.\n\nBy a letter of 22 December 1992, the applicant\u2019s legal advisors received written notice that the Gaming Board was considering whether the applicant personally was a fit and proper person to hold the Board\u2019s certificate of approval, as required by Section 19 of the Gaming Act 1968, in order to hold a management position in the gaming industry. By a letter dated 23 April 1993, the Gaming Board informed the applicant formally that it was \u201cminded to revoke\u201d the applicant\u2019s Section 19 certificates and that the applicant would be given the opportunity to state his case against revocation either in writing or orally at an interview before the Gaming Board (\u201ca Section 19 hearing\u201d). The letter detailed the matters which the Gaming Board wished to discuss with the applicant and also referred to the particulars of the Gaming Board\u2019s complaints in the application for cancellation of LCL\u2019s licences (the hearing of which had, in fact, never taken place). The complaints, numbered B1 to B9, claimed, inter alia, that there had been breaches of Section 16 of the Gaming Act 1968, in that cheques had been accepted without any expectation that they would be met promptly (B1); that the applicant had been involved in granting cheque cashing facilities to members without proper investigation of their creditworthiness (B2); that cheques had been accepted which exceeded the authors\u2019 cheque cashing facility (B3); that third party cheques had been accepted in a way which would permit circumvention of 1984 Guidelines of the British Casino Association (B4); that Japanese players had been assisted in breaching Japanese exchange control regulations (B5); that gifts or hospitality had been made to substantial players in breach of further 1984 Guidelines (B7); and that the method for computing the \u201ccash drop\u201d in casinos produced inaccuracies, and was open to abuse (B9). Examples were given.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s legal advisors objected to the Gaming Board presiding over the Section 19 hearing, suggesting that an independent tribunal be set up as an alternative. The applicant\u2019s principal objection was based on the fact that the Gaming Board had already publicly expressed the view (at the hearing before the Licensing Magistrates) that the applicant was not a fit and proper person to remain as an executive director of London Clubs. As such, the applicant contended, the Gaming Board could not be considered an impartial tribunal appropriate to consider the issue of whether the applicant\u2019s Section 19 certificates should be revoked.\n\nThe Gaming Board rejected the request for an independent tribunal and a Section 19 hearing commenced on 11 April 1994 before a panel of three, all members of the Gaming Board (\u201cthe Panel\u201d). The hearing was conducted in private and lasted for seven and a half days. The applicant was represented by senior counsel. The Gaming Board\u2019s solicitors, a senior Gaming Board official and a representative of the Gaming Board\u2019s accountants also attended the hearing. By a letter dated 28 May 1994, the applicant was informed that the Gaming Board did not consider the applicant to be a fit and proper person to continue to hold the Board\u2019s certificates of approval and that, accordingly, the Board would revoke his Section 19 certificates within 21 days of receipt of the letter. This letter detailed the matters which had concerned the Gaming Board and the complaints that it deemed were established against the applicant.\n\nThe effect of the revocation of the Section 19 certificates was that the applicant was unable to obtain employment in any sector of the gaming industry in the United Kingdom or in any jurisdiction which had a relationship with the United Kingdom gaming authorities.\n\nBy an application dated 23 August 1994, the applicant sought leave to apply for judicial review of the decision of the Gaming Board to revoke his Section 19 certificates. The decision was challenged on the grounds that the Panel was biased, or had the appearance of bias, and that its findings were vitiated by errors of law and were irrational.\n\nIn the course of the judicial review proceedings a document entitled \u201cConfidential Annex to Minutes of the 281st Board Meeting of the Gaming Board for Great Britain,\u201d dated 21 January 1993, was exhibited to an affidavit sworn by the Chairman of the Gaming Board. This document recorded that the Gaming Board had taken a decision at its meeting on 21 January 1993 that it had: \u201csufficient evidence before it to conclude that [the applicant] ... was not a fit and proper person to be a director of a casino company.\u201d\n\nAll the members of the Panel who presided over the Section 19 hearing were present at the Board meeting and were parties to this decision, which was made prior to the hearing itself.\n\nThe application for judicial review was dismissed on 11 January 1996 by Mr Justice Jowitt after a hearing lasting over 16 days. He delivered three separate judgments in respect of the applicant\u2019s appeal. The first judgment dealt with the scope of the phrase \u201ca fit and proper person\u201d in Schedule 5 of the Gaming Act 1968. The second judgment considered the applicant\u2019s claim that he had a \u201clegitimate expectation\u201d that the Gaming Board would be precluded from taking account of any breaches of its guidelines unless the breaches were unlawful. The third judgment which dealt with \u201cWednesbury\u201d challenges and allegations of bias runs to 165 pages. The judgment of Jowitt J. stated that the ambit of judicial review was such that he was not concerned to review findings of fact as on an appeal, but rather to assess whether the findings of the Panel disclosed illegality, irrationality (referred to as \u201cWednesbury unreasonableness\u201d) or procedural impropriety.\n\nOn pages 28 to 93 of the third judgment, Jowitt J. dealt with the applicant\u2019s \u201cWednesbury\u201d challenges to the findings in respect of the various complaints made of him.\n\nBy way of example, it was accepted that cheques drawn by one player, a Mr S, on a Spanish and a Swiss bank were not cleared within 21 days after payment into a British bank, as would be the normal course of events. Rather, the average time for clearance was 179 days. The Board found that this practice breached Section 16 of the 1968 Act, which prohibits credit betting save when a cheque is exchanged for tokens. The applicant alleged that the cheques he accepted were not shams, as none of the Spanish cheques was ever dishonoured. The judge found that the Board\u2019s conclusion - that what took place amounted to an agreement between Mr S and LCL, such that Section 16 was breached - was a conclusion it was entitled to reach.\n\n57 pages of the third judgment were devoted to the issue of bias. Jowitt J. described the test of bias under English law in the following terms (pp. 93-96 of the judgment): \u201c[Counsel for the applicant] submits that the decision to revoke the applicant\u2019s Section 19 certificates of approval should be quashed because the Panel was biased. The grounds on which leave to move for judicial review were granted asserted firstly that the Board could not and did not approach its decision with objectivity and impartiality. Secondly, it was asserted that whether or not there was actual bias the applicant reasonably believed there was and that the Board should have had regard to the appearance of bias which had been created by its actions ... There was no disagreement between the parties as to the approach the court should adopt when bias is alleged. It is a two stage test. The applicant has first to show from the evidence that there is an appearance of bias. R. v. Inner West London Coroner Ex parte Dallaglio [1994] 4 All ER 139. [Counsel for the Gaming Board] properly and realistically accepts that in the light of the available evidence the applicant has surmounted this hurdle. Having done so, he has to go on to show that on a proper examination by the court of the evidence before it there is demonstrated a real danger of injustice having occurred as a result of bias ... [The analysis in that case of] the decision of the House of Lords in R. v. Gough [1993] AC 646 ... illuminates my task in relation to this second stage. \u2018(1) Any court seized of a challenge on the ground of apparent bias must ascertain the relevant circumstances and consider all the evidence for itself so as to reach its own conclusion on the facts. ... (3) In reaching its conclusion the court \u2018personifies the reasonable man\u2019. (4) The question on which the court must reach its own factual conclusion is this: is there a real danger of injustice having occurred as a result of bias? By \u2018real\u2019 is meant not without substance. A real danger clearly involves more than a minimal risk, less than a probability. One could, I think, as well speak of a real risk or a real possibility. (5) Injustice will have occurred as a result of bias if \u2018the decision-maker unfairly regarded with disfavour the case of a party to the issue under consideration by him\u2019. I take \u2018unfairly regarded with disfavour\u2019 to mean \u2018was pre-disposed or prejudiced against one party\u2019s case for reasons unconnected with the merits of the issue\u2019. (6) A decision-maker may have unfairly regarded with disfavour one party\u2019s case either consciously or unconsciously. Where, as here, the applicants expressly disavow any suggestion of actual bias, it seems to me that the court must necessarily be asking itself whether there is a real danger that the decision-maker was unconsciously biased. (7) ... the court is [not] concerned strictly with the appearance of bias but rather with establishing the possibility that there was actual although unconscious bias. \u2026 (9) It is not necessary for the applicant to demonstrate a real possibility that the ... decision would have been different but for the bias; what must be established is the real danger of bias having affected the decision in the sense of having caused the decision-maker, albeit unconsciously, to weigh the competing contentions, and so decide the merits, unfairly\u2019.\u201d\n\nJowitt J. then applied the test of bias which he had set out to the facts of the case, and concluded that, on the evidence before him, he could not say that the applicant had established that there was a real danger of injustice having occurred as a result of bias. He concluded that there was no unconscious bias on the part of any of the Panel members.\n\nJowitt J. stated, further, that if, contrary to his finding, there was unconscious bias on the part of the Panel, the \u201cdoctrine of necessity\u201d fell to be considered. He said: \u201cWhen a body is charged by statute with the power or duty, which cannot be delegated, to make a decision in circumstances in which a question of bias arises because: (i) in pursuance of that statutory power or duty an initial view has been formed upon a matter affecting the interests of someone in respect of whom the body in the exercise of its statutory power or duty has thereafter to make a decision, or final decision, after receiving and considering representations which he is entitled to make or (ii) in the exercise of a statutory power or duty to make a decision a conflict arises between the interests of another or others which have to be taken into account and the body\u2019s own interests: the decision will not be liable to be impugned on account of bias provided that: (i) if only some of those charged with the power or duty to decide are potentially affected by bias such of them as can lawfully withdraw from the decision making do so and (ii) those of the decision makers who are potentially affected by bias but cannot lawfully withdraw use their best endeavours to avoid the effect of bias and, consistently with the purpose for which its decision has to be made the body takes what reasonable steps are open to it to minimise the risk of bias affecting them \u2026\u201d Jowitt J. indicated that if, contrary to his finding, there was unconscious bias on the part of the Panel, the doctrine of necessity would apply, and the decision of the Panel would stand. Counsel for the applicant submitted before Jowitt J. that the Board had failed to take the reasonable step of appointing an independent panel to hear evidence and report to the Panel. Jowitt J. rejected the submission, on the grounds that no useful reference could have been made to an independent tribunal which did not involve an impermissible delegation.\n\nIn respect of all other allegations brought by the applicant, Jowitt J. concluded that the applicant had failed to establish that the Panel\u2019s decision was irrational or unreasonable or to make out any sufficient ground for judicial review. Jowitt J. noted that, by trying to frame his allegations in the context of Wednesbury unreasonableness, the applicant was in fact making an impermissible attempt to re-argue the case as though on appeal in order to re-examine the factual merits of the case.\n\nThe Court of Appeal, after an oral hearing on 4 July 1996, refused an application for leave to appeal from Jowitt J.'s decision. Morritt L.J. (with whom Hobhouse L.J. agreed) held, on the \u201cdoctrine of necessity,\u201d as follows: \u201cI am prepared to assume in favour of [the applicant] that he would have an arguable case sufficient to justify leave to appeal, that there was a real risk that the decision of the Tribunal had been actuated by bias even though they were not in fact biased against him. That would leave the question of how the doctrine of necessity would be applied to the facts of the case. [Counsel for the applicant] did not seek to suggest that the propositions of law which Jowitt J enunciated, and which I have quoted, were not accurately formulated by him, but he sought to challenge the final conclusion, to which I have just referred, that there could have been a useful reference to an independent Tribunal which did not involve an impermissible delegation. The question of bias, therefore, depends on the very limited point on whether it is arguable that Jowitt J was wrong in that respect. I am bound to say that, on that limited point, I think he was manifestly right. The decision for the Board was, at the end of the day, whether or not Mr Kingsley was a fit and proper person. That could not be delegated to an independent panel and if they were actuated by bias, apparent or real, then the decision would still have to be made by them. Therefore, on the doctrine of necessity, which is accepted, there could have been no meaningful independent panel and the decision would stand because the decision has to be made by the Board and could not be delegated to the independent tribunal. It seems to me that there is no arguable point, susceptible on this part of the case, which would justify giving leave to appeal.\u201d", "applicant": "Max Myer Kingsley", "offset": 1520, "idx_mapping": [1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1520, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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The present case concerns John Edward Seton’s trial and conviction before a judge and jury at the Central Criminal Court for the murder of a Mr Jon Bartlett. A co-defendant, Mr Lee Osborne, was tried and acquitted of assisting an offender. The facts of the case may be summarised as follows. A. The murder
Mr Bartlett was shot dead at about 7.40 pm on 31 March 2006.
|
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"001-161738_a8_em178", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Seton", "start_offset": 20250}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20339, "entity_id": "001-161738_a8_e23", "entity_mention_id": "001-161738_a8_em179", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Pearman", "start_offset": 20332}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20445, "entity_id": "001-161738_a8_e77", "entity_mention_id": "001-161738_a8_em180", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "6 March 2010", "start_offset": 20433}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20602, "entity_id": "001-161738_a8_e78", "entity_mention_id": "001-161738_a8_em181", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 20589}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: John Edward Seton", "meta": {"applicant": "John Edward Seton", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2016}, "doc_id": "001-161738", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 55287/10) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Mr John Edward Seton (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 13 September 2010.\n\nThe applicant was born in 1983 and is currently detained at HMP Whitemoor. He is represented before the Court by Mr G. Bloxsome, a lawyer practising in Croydon with Blackfords LLP. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr J. Grainger of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe present case concerns the applicant\u2019s trial and conviction before a judge and jury at the Central Criminal Court for the murder of a Mr Jon Bartlett. A co-defendant, Mr Lee Osborne, was tried and acquitted of assisting an offender.\n\nThe facts of the case may be summarised as follows.\n\nA. The murder\n\nMr Bartlett was shot dead at about 7.40 pm on 31 March 2006. According to witnesses the gunman was wearing a baseball cap and drove off in a silver Vauxhall Vectra. In the early hours of 1 April 2006 a silver Vauxhall Vectra was set alight a short distance from the scene of the shooting.\n\nShortly after the murder the applicant fled to the Netherlands. He was subsequently extradited from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom to stand trial for Mr Bartlett\u2019s murder.\n\nB. The applicant\u2019s defence\n\nOn 1 April 2008 the applicant formally served a Defence Statement in which he alleged that Mr Bartlett had been murdered by Mr Pearman, a man who had previously been convicted of serious drug and firearms offences and who was at that time serving a prison sentence for murder.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s case was that he had been involved in a drug deal with Mr Pearman and Mr Bartlett. On the morning of 31 March 2006 Mr Pearman and Mr Bartlett had asked him to provide a car so they could collect a shipment of drugs. Later that day he purchased the Vectra in the presence of Mr Osborne and Mr Pearman, but Mr Pearman had driven off in it.\n\nThe applicant met Mr Pearman again at 7.30 p.m. to give him his share of money for the drugs. Mr Pearman was driving the Vectra. The applicant left the meeting with Mr Osborne, who was driving a white van.\n\nAfter this meeting the applicant went to his parents\u2019 home. During the night he went to a petrol station and while he was there he called a friend whose mother lived near the road where the burning Vectra was discovered.\n\nC. Mr Pearman\u2019s evidence\n\nOn 4 July 2008 the police interviewed Mr Pearman about the applicant\u2019s allegations. He answered \u201cno comment\u201d to the questions asked. That evening he telephoned his son and told him he had never heard of the applicant and knew nothing of the murder. On 17 July 2008 he telephoned his wife and again denied any involvement in the murder. Both of these conversations were recorded as Mr Pearman, a category A prisoner, would have known.\n\nD. The trial\n\nThe applicant\u2019s trial for the murder of Mr Bartlett started on 11 August 2008. At the trial it was accepted by the applicant that the real issue for the jury was whether he or Mr Pearman was the murderer. Mr Pearman was asked to make a statement or give evidence at the trial but refused to do so. This was made known to the court through a statement from an officer at the prison where he was being detained.\n\n1. The admission of Mr Pearman\u2019s telephone calls\n\nTo disprove the applicant\u2019s defence the prosecution sought to adduce the recordings of Mr Pearman\u2019s telephone calls pursuant to section 114(1)(d) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (see paragraph 40 below). The defence objected to their admission in evidence but the judge ruled that they should be admitted. In his ruling, the judge stated that Mr Pearman had indicated, in the clearest terms, that he was not prepared to make a statement to the police or give evidence at the trial.\n\nIn determining whether the recordings should be admitted, the judge considered the matters listed in section 114(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (see paragraph 40 below).\n\nFirst, he stated that he was satisfied the evidence had extremely strong probative value as Mr Pearman \u201cappeared to be expressing genuine outrage at being implicated in a murder in which he was in no way involved\u201d.\n\nSecondly, he indicated that Mr Pearman could not be called because he refused to give evidence, but noted that all the enquiries carried out by the police to date had confirmed his lack of involvement in the killing.\n\nThirdly, he said that he was satisfied the evidence in question was \u201cextremely important\u201d.\n\nFourthly, the judge referred to the submissions of counsel for the applicant and for his co-defendant, who submitted that Mr Pearman would have known that his calls were being recorded by the prison authorities, and argued that his statements were self-serving. The judge said that these were all valid comments which the jury should consider in assessing the weight to be attached to Mr Pearman\u2019s denials, but were not, in his view, grounds for excluding evidence.\n\nFifthly, he pointed out that as the conversations were taped the evidence was clearly reliable.\n\nSixthly, the trial judge said that the defence had already cross\u2011examined the officer in the case as to Mr Pearman\u2019s previous convictions and the details of the murder for which he was serving his sentence of life imprisonment. Moreover, he had already noted that the jury should consider the fact that Mr Pearman\u2019s comments were self-serving and that he would have known that his telephone conversations were being recorded.\n\nFinally, he said that he did not consider that there would be any real prejudice to the applicant from the tapes being played.\n\n2. The rest of the evidence\n\nAt trial, in addition to playing the tapes, the prosecution led evidence that the applicant and victim were known to each other and were both involved in drug dealing on a substantial scale. Items connected to drug dealing were recovered from Mr Bartlett\u2019s home, one of which was a list of debts. The applicant\u2019s name appeared on this list and he was shown as owing the victim GBP 24,000.\n\nThe prosecution also relied on the applicant\u2019s previous arrest when he was found to be in possession of a firearm. In his evidence the applicant admitted that when arrested on that occasion he had been dealing in drugs, but denied possession of the firearm.\n\nMr Bartlett\u2019s mobile telephone records were also introduced to show that he had been in contact with the applicant on the day of the murder. The last telephone call between them was recorded at 7.22 p.m., shortly before the murder. There had also been significant telephone contact between the applicant and Mr Bartlett in the ten days prior to the murder.\n\nThe seller of the silver Vectra gave evidence that on the afternoon of the murder he had been contacted by the applicant, who had arranged to meet at his house at 6 p.m. The seller\u2019s mother testified that one of the two men who collected the car was named John and was wearing a baseball cap. The men came for the car in a white van that had been hired by the father of Mr Osborne that day from AVA, a hire company, and passed to Mr Osborne at 6 p.m. that evening. The van had distinctive orange writing on the side.\n\nWitnesses also saw a white van in the vicinity of the shooting at the relevant time. The van had orange writing on the side, and was similar, if not identical, to the van that had been hired from AVA on the same date.\n\nMobile telephone cell site evidence was led by the prosecution with the intention of showing that the applicant\u2019s mobile telephone was in the vicinity of the murder at the relevant time, although it was switched off between 7.28 p.m. and 7.50 p.m. Cell site evidence also demonstrated that the applicant and his co-accused were in the vicinity of the road where the Vectra was found between 8.01 p.m. and 8.17 p.m.\n\nResidents of the streets near the shooting gave evidence. One stated that she had heard two bangs and a man running to a car and driving off very quickly. Another, Ms Rita Willott, gave a description of the gunman as being between twenty and thirty years\u2019 old, of average build and height and wearing a baseball cap. She saw a car matching the Vectra\u2019s description leaving the scene. Ms Willott\u2019s evidence was not challenged and was read to the jury. A third eye-witness, a ten-year old boy, also gave evidence that the gunman had been in his mid-thirties and had been wearing a baseball cap. A fourth eye-witness, Mr Gordon Raggett, also gave a description matching the applicant. A fifth witness, Ms Kate Botwright, gave evidence that she had seen both the car and the van near the shooting. The driver of the car was in his late teens or early twenties, had short brown hair and wore a baseball cap. Several other witnesses gave descriptions to the effect that the man driving the Vectra was white and was wearing a baseball cap.\n\nCCTV footage from a petrol station showed the applicant arriving in the white AVA van, wearing a baseball cap and making telephone calls to an associate at 1.47 a.m. The number dialled by the applicant was in the vicinity of the cell site covering the road where the Vectra was found and the inference sought by the prosecution was that the applicant was in discussions about the destruction of the car.\n\nA police superintendent also gave evidence of the enquiries into Mr Pearman. The police had found no connection between Mr Pearman and either Mr Bartlett or the applicant (there was, for instance, no reference to Mr Pearman in Mr Bartlett\u2019s telephones) and it was the superintendent\u2019s conclusion that there was absolutely no evidence that he had been involved in Mr Bartlett\u2019s murder.\n\nA photograph of Mr Pearman was also adduced in evidence. The prosecution\u2019s case was that Mr Pearman, a man in his fifties, did not match the description of the gunman given by the eye-witnesses.\n\nMr Pearman\u2019s previous convictions for drug offences, firearm offences, and murder committed on 2 May 2006 were also adduced.\n\n3. The summing up and verdict\n\nOn Mr Pearman\u2019s telephone calls, the trial judge directed the jury as follows: \u201cIt is for you to decide what weight, if any, you attach to this evidence; but it does have certain limitations which I must draw to your attention: (a) you had not had the opportunity of seeing and hearing the witnesses in the witness box and sometimes when you do see and hear a witness you get a much clearer idea of whether his evidence is honest and accurate; (b) their evidence has not been tested under cross\u2011examination and you have not had the opportunity of seeing how their evidence survived this form of challenge; (c) in the case of Pearman these were self-serving statements, that is he was saying he was not involved in the murder of Jon Bartlett. In addition calls made by high risk category A prisoners, such as Pearman, from prison would be known by him to be recorded and he was speaking in those calls to members of his own family.\u201d\n\nOn Mr Pearman\u2019s previous convictions, the trial judge directed the jury: \u201cYou have heard this evidence because it may help you to resolve two issues in the case, namely: (a) whether the convictions show that on 31st May 2006 he had a tendency to be a drug dealer, carry a firearm and commit murder, and whether this makes it more likely that he was the gunman in this case; and (b) whether he was being truthful and reliable in denying his involvement in the present case in his telephone calls to his son and wife. A person of bad character may be less likely to tell the truth, but it does not follow that he is incapable of doing so. You may use the evidence of his bad character for the particular purposes I have just indicated, if you find it helpful to do so. It is for you to decide the extent to which the evidence of bad character helps you, if at all. The prosecution submit that the only reason Seton chose to name Pearman as the murderer in his defence statement on 1st April 2008 was because he knew he had an extremely bad character for drugs offences, firearm offences and murder, and therefore was an ideal person for him to blame for the murder in this case. The defendant Seton says he named him because he believed Pearman killed Jon Bartlett.\u201d\n\nIn the course of their deliberations, the jury asked and were allowed to hear the tapes of Mr Pearman\u2019s telephone calls again. On 26 August 2008, by a majority, the jury convicted the applicant of murder. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of thirty years. He appealed against conviction to the Court of Appeal.\n\n4. The appeal\n\nThe application for leave to appeal was initially considered and rejected by a single judge in February 2009. The application was renewed before the full court on 14 November 2009 and leave to appeal was granted. In doing so, the court found it to be arguable that the trial judge did not make sufficient investigations with regard to the production of Mr Pearman. The court also observed: \u201cIt seems to us that it is a long standing principle that unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary, the best available evidence should be put before the jury. In this instance, rather than the jury hearing from Mr Pearman himself, they heard the recording of his two conversations. It is also of note that shortly after the jury had retired they asked if they might hear the recordings again and, after some discussion, the recordings were played to them. It is perhaps pertinent to observe that had Pearman himself given evidence, what would have happened if there had been a request by the jury to be reminded of his evidence is that the judge would have summarised it to them from his notebook. Playing the recordings a second time to the jury, that, submits Miss Wass [counsel for the applicant], is something that elevates the importance of the hearsay evidence there contained. There is no doubt that the recordings were important evidence in the context of the case as a whole (at least so far as we are thus persuaded) and we have come to the conclusion that permission to appeal should be granted on all grounds advanced and the hearing will proceed in due course accordingly.\u201d\n\nOn 4 March 2010 the full court heard the case and dismissed the appeal, reserving its judgment. The judgment was delivered on 12 March 2010. In relation to the tapes of Mr Pearman\u2019s telephone calls, the court observed: \u201cIt is contended on behalf of the Appellant [the present applicant] that the tapes of the calls should not have been admitted without calling, or trying to call, Pearman to give evidence. ... The difficulty with this submission is the judge\u2019s finding of fact that Pearman would not give evidence. It is true that he could have been compelled to come to Court. However, on the basis of the judge\u2019s finding, the grounds for which have not been impugned, that would have been a fruitless exercise. Moreover, he would have had to be warned of the right to exercise the privilege against self-incrimination. The prospect of any sensible evidence being given by him was, on any realistic view, nil. All that the defence could have obtained was the advantage of having him brought up before the jury, who would presumably have seen his obduracy. The judge considered this evidence to be important and to have strong probative value. We do not know whether the jury shared this view. The defence were able to say, as they did, that the statements were self-serving, made by a serious criminal who knew that they were being recorded. What is central to this appeal is that the judge addressed the matters required to be addressed by section 114(2) [of the Criminal Justice Act 2003]. The allegation against Pearman had been made late, and given that on the Appellant\u2019s case he had known of Pearman\u2019s responsibility for the murder within days of its being committed, it is to be inferred that it was deliberately made late so as to make it more difficult for the Crown to investigate it. As it was, because of the lateness of the allegation, the telephone records for telephones used in the murder for which Pearman had been convicted only went back to 23 April 2006. In Z this Court said: \u201825. The Court of Appeal will not readily interfere with a trial judge\u2019s decision to admit evidence under section 114(1)(d) [of the Criminal Justice Act 2003]. It will do so, in general, only if his decision is marred by legal error, or by a failure to take relevant matters into account or it is such that the judge could not sensibly have made.\u2019 The judge\u2019s decision was not marred by legal error; he took all relevant matters into account; and the decision to admit the recordings in evidence was not one that no judge could sensibly have made. ... For these reasons, we reject this ground of appeal.\u201d\n\nThe Court of Appeal then added: \u201cThe safety of the conviction However, we would in any event have upheld the safety of the conviction. The evidence against the Appellant may have been circumstantial, but it was overwhelming. In summary: (i) The only evidence of Pearman\u2019s involvement was that of the Appellant. (ii) Seton and Bartlett were involved in drugs together; there was evidence that Seton was in debt to Bartlett and that Bartlett was pressing for payment. Seton had a motive to kill Bartlett. (iii) There was no good reason for the allegation of Pearman\u2019s involvement to have been made so late. (iv) It is difficult to see why the Appellant fled the country if he was innocent. (v) The police uncovered no evidence of any link between Pearman and either the Appellant or Bartlett, despite exhaustive enquiries. Miss Wass contends that those enquiries were imperfect. The fact remains that there was no such evidence. (vi) The Appellant himself accepted that he made no direct calls to Pearman; contact was, he said, made via Bartlett. If all three were involved in a drugs deal, it is curious indeed that the Appellant did not have Pearman\u2019s telephone number and could not and did not telephone him direct. (vii) There was no evidence of Bartlett\u2019s telephones having been used to telephone any telephone number associated with Pearman. (viii) Pearman was born in 1952. He was 54 at the date of Bartlett\u2019s murder. The evidence of Rita Willott (described by the judge as an extremely important witness) was not challenged and was read at the trial. She said that the man who fired the gun was aged between 20 and 30, of average build and height, and he was wearing a baseball cap. Jack Doyle, a boy aged 10, said that the gunman was wearing a baseball cap and was in his mid-30s. Gordon Raggett described the gunman as white, in his 20s, athletic and about 5 feet 10 inches, of slim build. All these descriptions fitted the Appellant and not Pearman. Against these, one witness described the gunman as not appearing to be young. Miss Wass suggested that the evidence of the age of the gunman should be discounted because of the uncertainties of ascribing an age to a man wearing a baseball cap. However, the weight of the evidence points clearly to a young man such as the Appellant rather than Pearman. If the Appellant seriously wished to challenge Miss Willott\u2019s evidence, she should have been required to give evidence orally and should have been cross examined. (ix) Similarly, Kate Botwright described the driver of the Vectra car, seen by her together with the AVA van, as in his late teens or early 20s, with short brown hair and wearing a baseball cap. Her account of what she saw was inconsistent with the Appellant\u2019s. (x) The evidence relating to the purchase of the Vectra and the hire of the AVA van on the day of the murder supports the prosecution case. (xi) The cell phone evidence showed Seton to be in the vicinity of the murder when it was committed; the timing of his last telephone connection with Bartlett, just before the murder, and the switching off of his telephone at the time of the murder, and his call to a telephone in the vicinity of the location where the Vectra was set on fire, all powerfully supported his guilt. (xii) Lastly, evidence was given that on a previous occasion Seton had had a connection with a firearm. Thus, quite apart from the evidence of Pearman\u2019s telephone calls, we had no doubt as to the safety of the conviction of the Appellant.\u201d\n\nOn 6 March 2010 the applicant was informed that the Court of Appeal had refused to certify questions of general public importance for the consideration of the Supreme Court.", "applicant": "John Edward Seton", "offset": 715, "idx_mapping": [715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 715, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Ivar Ringvold was born in 1965 and lives in Oslo. On 24 June 1993 Ivar Ringvold was charged under Articles 192 and 195 of the Criminal Code (straffeloven) with the sexual abuse of a minor, G., born in December 1979, during the period from 1986 to 1990. Under these provisions he was charged with having, on one or several occasions, threatened to hit G. if she cried out, and/or having held her tight, whereupon he had introduced his penis into or pointed it towards her sex and/or made her masturbate him. At the time, G.’s father was cohabiting with Ivar Ringvold’s mother. The alleged offences were said to have occurred in Ivar Ringvold’s home when the child visited her father.
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"001-60933_a8_e34", "entity_mention_id": "001-60933_a8_em84", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 11027}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11100, "entity_id": "001-60933_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-60933_a8_em85", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 11087}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11119, "entity_id": "001-60933_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-60933_a8_em86", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 11106}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11253, "entity_id": "001-60933_a8_e34", "entity_mention_id": "001-60933_a8_em87", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 11243}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12260, "entity_id": "001-60933_a8_e31", "entity_mention_id": "001-60933_a8_em88", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "G.", "start_offset": 12258}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Ivar Ringvold", "meta": {"applicant": "Ivar Ringvold", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "NOR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-60933", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 34964/97) against the Kingdom of Norway lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Norwegian national, Mr Ivar Ringvold (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 5 December 1996.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr S. N\u00e6ss, a lawyer practising in Lillestr\u00f8m. The Norwegian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by Mr F. Elgesem, who acted as Agent until he left the Attorney-General\u2019s Office (Civil Matters) in June 2002. Thereafter, they were represented by Mr H. Harborg of that Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged a violation of Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention on account of the national court\u2019s decision, despite his acquittal on criminal charges, to order him to pay compensation to the victim.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nOn 11 September 2001 the Chamber decided that, in the interests of the proper administration of justice, the proceedings in the present case should be conducted simultaneously with those in O. v. Norway, Hammern v. Norway and Y. v. Norway (applications nos. 29327/95, 30287/96 and 56568/00 \u2013 Rule 43 \u00a7 2).\n\nOn 11 September 2001 the Chamber also declared the application admissible.\n\nOn 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1), but this case remained with the Chamber constituted within the former Third Section.\n\nA hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 17 September 2002 (Rule 59 \u00a7 2). There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr H. Harborg, Attorney-General\u2019s Office (Civil Matters), Agent, Mr F. Elgesem, Advokat, Counsel/Adviser, Mr K. Kallerud, Senior Public Prosecutor, Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Ms E. Holmedal, Attorney-General\u2019s Office (Civil Matters), Ms T. Steen, Attorney-General\u2019s Office, Advisers; (b) for the applicant Mr S. N\u00e6ss, Advokat, Counsel. The Court heard addresses by Mr S.J. Kloms\u00e6t (counsel for Mr Y., who pleaded the common issues relevant to both his case and that of Mr Ringvold), Mr N\u00e6ss, Mr Elgesem and Mr Harborg.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1965 and lives in Oslo.\n\nOn 24 June 1993 the applicant was charged under Articles 192 and 195 of the Criminal Code (straffeloven) with the sexual abuse of a minor, G., born in December 1979, during the period from 1986 to 1990. Under these provisions he was charged with having, on one or several occasions, threatened to hit G. if she cried out, and/or having held her tight, whereupon he had introduced his penis into or pointed it towards her sex and/or made her masturbate him. At the time, G.\u2019s father was cohabiting with the applicant\u2019s mother. The alleged offences were said to have occurred in the applicant\u2019s home when the child visited her father.\n\nCriminal proceedings were instituted before the Eidsivating High Court (lagmannsrett) which heard the case between 16 and 18 February 1994, including G.\u2019s compensation claim of (up to) 110,000 Norwegian kroner (NOK) for non-pecuniary damage, made under section 3-5 of the Damage Compensation Act 1969 (skadeerstatningsloven), and joined to the trial in accordance with Article 3 of the 1981 Code of Criminal Procedure (straffeprosessloven). By a judgment of 18 February 1994, the High Court, noting that the jury had answered the questions concerning criminal guilt in the negative, acquitted the applicant of the charges. Moreover, it decided to reject G.\u2019s compensation claim.\n\nG. subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court (H\u00f8yesterett) under the rules of the 1915 Code of Civil Procedure (tvistem\u00e5lsloven) against the refusal to award compensation. The Supreme Court then ordered the taking of oral evidence by the Oslo City Court (byrett). Evidence was taken between 26 and 30 June 1995, 18 and 20 October 1995, 20 November 1995 and 3 January 1996, during which time more than twenty witnesses were heard.\n\nIn the appeal proceedings before the Supreme Court, G.\u2019s lawyer requested that documents produced in the context of the criminal case be submitted as evidence to the Supreme Court. These included records of the judicial examination of G., medical certificates, letters and witness statements given to the police in connection with the criminal proceedings. The applicant\u2019s lawyer, relying on Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention, objected to this request.\n\nBy a decision of 29 May 1996, the Supreme Court authorised the documents from the criminal case to be joined to the case file in the compensation proceedings. Its decision included the following reasons: \u201cIn their pleadings, the lawyers for the parties have dealt extensively with the issue under Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention. The only question for the Supreme Court to determine is whether the submission of the criminal-case documents in the civil case would as such violate this Convention provision. The question as to the significance of this provision for the decision on the compensation claim falls to be considered in connection with the decision on the merits of the appeal. The use of documents from the criminal case as evidence in this case does not in my view fall foul of the requirement in Article 6 \u00a7 2 ... The submission of the documents does not as such imply that the acquittal in the criminal case is open to doubt. The statement in the Sekanina case, which the lawyer for the defendant has referred to, must be read in its context. The ruling cannot be perceived as a general procedural bar against the production of the case documents from criminal proceedings in a later case. Furthermore, I should like to add that, although this is not decisive for my view on the issue under Article 6 \u00a7 2, both parties were given the usual opportunity to supply evidence in connection with the taking of evidence by the Supreme Court. In my view, the request for submission of the criminal-case documents in question must therefore be granted.\u201d\n\nThe Supreme Court examined the case under the rules of civil procedure. After hearing the parties and a large number of witnesses, the Supreme Court, in a judgment of 5 June 1996, ordered the applicant to pay NOK 75,000 to G. in compensation for non-pecuniary damage, under section 3-5(1)(b) of the Damage Compensation Act.\n\nThe first voting judge, Mrs Justice Gj\u00f8lstad, stated on behalf of a unanimous court, inter alia: \u201cIn so far as the appeal concerns the merits, two general questions arise, namely the relationship to the acquittal in the criminal case (see Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention) and the requirement of proof in such cases. Under Chapter 29 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, civil compensation claims may ... be made in criminal proceedings by the prosecution or by the injured party. This arrangement is intended to make it easier for the injured party to have a civil compensation claim examined, but it does not preclude the possibility of making such a claim in separate civil proceedings instead. Contrary to what followed from the old Code of Criminal Procedure, it is not a condition for the examination of civil compensation claims that the accused person should have been convicted in respect of the charge. Thus, it is in principle possible to either reject or uphold a civil compensation claim, irrespective of the decision concerning criminal liability. This has its background in the fact that the injured party, who does not enjoy rights as a party in the criminal case, should not forfeit his or her compensation claim as a result of an acquittal in the criminal case. Although it will hardly be a frequent occurrence that the decision on the civil compensation claim goes in a different direction from that on criminal liability, this may happen for various reasons. Amongst others, the requirement of evidence for the criminal and the civil consequences of an action ... is different. By Article 6 \u00a7 2 of the Convention, a person who is charged with a criminal offence is to be deemed innocent until proved guilty. The presumption of innocence applies even after an acquittal (see in this connection the Sekanina case and the decision reported in Norsk Retstidende 1994, p. 721, dealing with the significance of the presumption of innocence in a case concerning the right of the accused to compensation after an acquittal). However, in my opinion it must be clear that the said provision cannot constitute an obstacle for a person injured by an act to claim compensation from the alleged perpetrator, even though the latter has been acquitted of a criminal offence, and that the court in such a case can rely on a finding that the defendant has in fact committed the act in relation to which he has been acquitted. Even assuming that the Convention provision applies to the treatment of such claims, it has not been infringed as long as no disagreement or doubt has been expressed with regard to the decision on criminal liability. I cannot see that the arrangement under Norwegian criminal procedural law, whereby it is possible to have civil compensation claims determined after an acquittal, gives rise to any particular problems in relation to Article 6 \u00a7 2 [of the Convention]. Moreover, in the case at hand, it is above all the High Court\u2019s decision concerning compensation which has been brought before the Supreme Court under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure.\u201d\n\nAs regards the requirement of evidence, Mrs Justice Gj\u00f8lstad noted that under the law on compensation the test was normally the balance of probabilities. However, bearing in mind the burden which an allegation of reprehensible conduct might have for the defendant and the serious consequences it might have for his or her reputation, the requirement as to the strength of the evidence had to be stricter than that which applied to the test of the balance of probabilities. Nevertheless, the requirement could not be as strict as that which applied for establishing criminal liability. In a case of the kind under consideration, the test had to be whether on the balance of probabilities it was clearly probable that the alleged abuse had been committed.\n\nIn dealing with the particular facts of the appeal concerning compensation, the Supreme Court had regard to the video recording of the judicial examination of the alleged victim in the criminal proceedings before the High Court. The Supreme Court did not share the High Court\u2019s view that the evidentiary value of the video recording was diminished by certain misgivings concerning the lack of synchronisation of sound and picture when shown to the High Court. Those shortcomings had been remedied before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court also had regard to evidence taken by it from this person, which deviated slightly from the judicial examination before the High Court. It further had regard to the statements of an expert witness and the statements of a therapist who had treated the alleged victim. Considering the evidence as a whole, Justice Gj\u00f8lstad found that the evidence satisfied the standard of proof, establishing that sexual abuse had occurred and that, on the balance of probabilities, it was clear that the applicant was the abuser. Accordingly, there was a basis for awarding the victim compensation under section 3-5(1)(b) of the Damage Compensation Act. However, Justice Gj\u00f8lstad emphasised that this decision was taken independently of the decision in the criminal case and that it did not undermine the acquittal. Finally, as regards the amount of compensation, she observed, inter alia, that she based her assessment on her finding that several infringements had occurred and that, even though their extent was not possible to ascertain with precision, there had been serious violations involving a certain use of force or threats, as a result of which G. had sustained damage.", "applicant": "Ivar Ringvold", "offset": 2597, "idx_mapping": [2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2654, 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660, 2661, 2662, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2676, 2677, 2678, 2679, 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2726, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737, 2738, 2739, 2740, 2741, 2742, 2743, 2744, 2745, 2746, 2747, 2748, 2749, 2750, 2751, 2752, 2753, 2754, 2755, 2756, 2757, 2758, 2759, 2760, 2761, 2762, 2763, 2764, 2765, 2766, 2767, 2768, 2769, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2776, 2777, 2778, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2786, 2787, 2788, 2789, 2790, 2791, 2792, 2793, 2794, 2795, 2796, 2797, 2798, 2799, 2800, 2801, 2802, 2803, 2804, 2805, 2806, 2807, 2808, 2809, 2810, 2811, 2812, 2813, 2814, 2815, 2816, 2817, 2818, 2819, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2828, 2829, 2830, 2831, 2832, 2833, 2834, 2835, 2836, 2837, 2838, 2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2861, 2862, 2863, 2864, 2865, 2866, 2867, 2868, 2869, 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2890, 2891, 2892, 2893, 2894, 2895, 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919, 2920, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2945, 2946, 2947, 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966, 2967, 2968, 2969, 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973, 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3116, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3129, 3130, 3131, 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3136, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 3162, 3163, 3164, 3165, 3166, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 2597, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278], "duplicates": 1}
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Maria Buckland was born in 1959 and lives in Cardiff. Maria Buckland is a gypsy. In 1999 she moved to the Cae Garw caravan site in Port Talbot, Wales, with her two children. The site was owned by Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council. On 12 June 2000 Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council entered into a licence agreement with the Gypsy Council which provided that the latter would manage the site.
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"PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 40060/08) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Ms Maria Buckland (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 12 August 2008.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by the Community Law Partnership, a firm of solicitors based in Birmingham. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms A. Sornarajah, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged that the Court of Appeal\u2019s decision to dismiss her appeal and uphold the judgment making a possession order constituted an unjustified breach of her right to respect for her home and her family life and discriminated against her, in violation of Article 8 taken alone and in conjunction with Article 14.\n\nOn 3 May 2011 the application was communicated to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1959 and lives in Cardiff.\n\nThe applicant is a gypsy. In 1999 she moved to the Cae Garw caravan site in Port Talbot, Wales, with her two children. The site was owned by Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council.\n\nOn 12 June 2000 Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council entered into a licence agreement with the Gypsy Council which provided that the latter would manage the site.\n\nOn 29 March 2004 the applicant entered into a licence agreement with the Gypsy Council to occupy pitch 16 on the site. It was a condition of the licence that: \u201cThe Licensee or his/her resident family ... must not create a nuisance on the sites or to neighbouring properties. The Licensee shall be held responsible if any ... person living with ... her contravenes any of these Site Rules or Conditions.\u201d\n\nOn 30 December 2004 the Gypsy Council issued a notice of termination of licence to the applicant which expired on 6 February 2005. The notice referred to a clause of her licence agreement which provided: \u201cThe Gypsy Council or the Licensee may terminate this licence by giving the other not less than 28 days written notice to expire on a Sunday in any week.\u201d\n\nNo further reasons justifying the termination were given.\n\nNotices to quit were also given to her parents, who occupied a different pitch on the site.\n\nOn 18 January 2005 amendments to section 4 of the Caravan Sites Act 1968 (\u201cthe 1968 Act\u201d) entered into force which introduced the possibility for possession orders to be suspended by a court on the application of the occupier for up to twelve months at a time (see paragraph 36 below).\n\nOn 2 August 2005 the Gypsy Council issued a claim for possession against the applicant and five members of her extended family, including her parents, in Neath Port Talbot County Court. In its particulars of claim, the Gypsy Council alleged that all six defendants were guilty of causing very substantial nuisance to the site to the detriment of other occupiers.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s parents did not apply for suspension or postponement of the orders. On 1 June 2006, possession orders were made against them by consent.\n\nAn oral hearing took place between 24 and 26 July 2006 in Swansea County Court and 28 July 2006 in Neath County Court in respect of the claim for possession against the applicant. In a witness statement lodged prior to the hearing, the applicant indicated that she intended to leave the site when her parents left.\n\nOn 25 July 2006 Judge Bidder QC gave a judgment on the preliminary issue of whether the applicant could challenge the making of a possession order in her case. He considered himself bound by the decision of the House of Lords in Kay and Price (see paragraph 42 below), which had examined the effect of this Court\u2019s judgment in Connors v. the United Kingdom, no. 66746/01, 27 May 2004. Thus, he concluded, the only options open to the applicant were to challenge the domestic law itself or to commence judicial review proceedings based on conventional grounds. He concluded: \u201c58. ... I do not consider it to be arguable that the decision of the claimants to seek possession against her was unreasonable or that their decision to invoke their domestic law rights could be castigated as unreasonable ...\n\nMoreover, the fact that parliament has amended the applicable domestic legislation to afford the gypsy occupier the opportunity to contend that any possession order should be suspended for 12 months at a time distinguishes that case from Connors, and given that that amendment was considered in Kay and Price I find it impossible to say ... that there is a seriously arguable point raised that the law which enables the court to make the possession order is incompatible with article 8 ...\u201d\n\nHe invited submissions from the applicant as to the possible temporary suspension of any possession order. He added: \u201c71. I should say that on the issue of suspension of the ... order against the [applicant] of possession I would invite the parties to consider the date of 4th November 2006 being the date on which the [applicant\u2019s] parents are required to leave and on which she indicates that she would leave anyway ...\u201d\n\nOn 28 July 2006, following the applicant\u2019s submissions that any possession order against her should be suspended, the judge handed down his judgment on the remaining issues. Having reviewed the allegations made against the applicant by the claimant, the judge concluded: \u201c27. ... I am not satisfied that Maria Buckland has herself been guilty of any offensive behaviour on site, or of any breach of licence, apart from the relatively minor failure to pay the water charges.\u201d\n\nHe was, however, satisfied that her son, who resided part of the time with her, had been involved in an incident on site in which he threatened someone with a gun, although it was not clear whether the gun had been real or merely an imitation; and had dumped garden refuse on the site.\n\nTurning to consider whether the applicant\u2019s personal circumstances, and those of her son, justified a suspension of the possession order which he would be making in her case the judge noted: \u201c32. In relation to Maria Buckland, while I am obliged to make a possession order, I find her only breach of site conditions has been recent and is a very modest failure to pay water charges. She has indicated in a recent statement that she intends to move from the site when [her parents] leave, that is on or before 4pm on 24th November. I do consider it appropriate to suspend enforcement of the possession order against her until the same time and date. However, I am clear that the behaviour of [her son] on this site and his attitude towards the Farrows [the family of the site manager] is such that I have to impose conditions on her continued possession, as sought in the draft order \u2013 [her son] lives half his time with his father, and I have no doubt that if he cannot live with his mother, he will be able to live with his father ...\u201d\n\nHe made an order for possession against the applicant, which he suspended until 24 November 2006 upon the condition that her son leave the site and that she discharge the GBP 95 arrears of water charges at the rate of GBP 5 per week.\n\nOn 18 April 2007 the applicant, who was still resident at the site, was granted permission to appeal the possession order to the Court of Appeal. A stay of execution of the order of 28 July 2006 was also ordered.\n\nIn November 2007 a bill which would amend the Mobile Homes Act 1983 (\u201cthe 1983 Act\u201d) was introduced to Parliament. The effect of the proposed amendment was to allow a defendant in possession proceedings such as the applicant to challenge before the County Court the reasonableness of making a possession order.\n\nOn 12 December 2007 the applicant\u2019s appeal was dismissed. Considering the impact of the amendment to the 1968 Act to allow suspension of a possession order on whether the applicant could succeed in a conventional public law challenge to the decision to seek a possession order, Lord Justice Dyson noted: \u201c42. The significance of the amendment is that a claimant\u2019s decision to seek possession does not involve summary eviction without judicial scrutiny of the justification of the claim to possession. By issuing proceedings, the claimant submits to the jurisdiction of the court, which has power to investigate all the circumstances of the case, including the claimant\u2019s complaints about the defendant\u2019s behaviour.\u201d\n\nHe continued: \u201c43. ... It may be that, for the reasons given by Lord Brown [in Kay], a public law defence could have been raised successfully in Connors. I would suggest that this is not so much because the family had been in occupation for a great length of time, but rather because it was unreasonable and grossly unfair for the local authority to seek a possession order and obtain the eviction of the occupier merely on the basis of a termination of the licence \u2018without the need to make good any underlying reason for taking such precipitate action\u2019. The real difference between the present case and Connors is not that the appellant had been in occupation for a shorter period than was the family in Connors ... On any view, the site was her home and had been for a substantial period of time. The fact that she had not been in occupation for as long as the family in Connors is not, in my judgment, of much significance. The real difference between the two cases is that in Connors, once the licence had been terminated, the authority was entitled to an order for possession whose enforcement could not be suspended by the court.\u201d\n\nHe concluded that since the amendment to the 1968 Act, it was difficult to conceive of a case in which a public law defence would succeed. Referring also to the fact that Judge Bidder had made a finding of misconduct on the site by the applicant\u2019s son, for whose behaviour she was responsible under the terms of the licence, Dyson LJ considered that the judge was right to hold that the public law defence was not seriously arguable.\n\nDyson LJ further noted that the factual situation of Connors was not materially different from the present case in that in both cases the defendant had occupied a site as a home for a number of years. Further, in both cases the claimant had validly and properly terminated the defendant\u2019s licence to occupy so that the defendant had become a trespasser; the claimant was entitled to an order for possession as the owner of the land; and no further justification was required to seek an order for possession. However, it was agreed by the parties that it was not necessary to decide whether the present case could be distinguished from Connors as the distinction was only relevant for any appeal before the House of Lords.\n\nFinally, in respect of the applicant\u2019s argument that the amendment to section 4 of the 1968 Act did not remedy the incompatibility with Article 8, Dyson LJ emphasised that, in principle, a wide margin of appreciation was left to the national authorities in such matters. However, he accepted that the vulnerable position of gypsies as a minority meant that \u201csome special consideration should be given to their needs and different lifestyle both in the relevant regulatory framework and in reaching decisions in particular cases\u201d (citing Connors, \u00a7 83). He found that the main reason for the narrowing of the margin of appreciation in Connors itself was that the complete absence of any procedural safeguards was a serious interference with the applicant\u2019s Article 8 rights in that case, which called for particularly weighty reasons of public interest in justification. However, the precise scope of these safeguards was in his view, a matter for the national authorities to determine. He considered that provided that a reasonable degree of protection was afforded by the domestic law, the Strasbourg Court would not interfere, even if a greater degree of protection could have been afforded. He accordingly rejected the applicant\u2019s submissions, noting: \u201c60. The objectionable feature of the legal regime in place before the amendment was that the court was bound not merely to make an order for possession, but to order the eviction of an occupant such as the appellant provided that the 4 weeks\u2019 notice was given. Absent a public law challenge, the occupant had no opportunity to challenge the reasons given by the local authority for seeking possession and the court had no jurisdiction to take the reasons into account in deciding whether to order the occupant\u2019s eviction. The local authority\u2019s reasons were irrelevant as were the occupant\u2019s personal circumstances. Nor did the court have power to suspend an order for possession even in circumstances of extreme hardship which indicated that eviction would not be justified under article 8(2). In short, there was no opportunity for the court to make any assessment of the justification for eviction in order to determine whether the interference with an occupier\u2019s rights under article 8(1) was justified on an application of article 8(2). Provided that the relevant formal requirements had been satisfied, the role of the court was purely mechanistic.\n\nThe amendment has introduced procedural protections which ensure that the role of the court is no longer a mechanistic one even when a local authority seeks to evict a licensee from a caravan site. Summary eviction has been replaced by judicial examination. Section 4(1) now provides that the enforcement of a possession order may be suspended for such period up to 12 months \u2018as the court thinks reasonable\u2019. The court has a wide discretion under subsection (2) to impose conditions when making an order for suspension. By subsection (3), the court may extend the suspension of the possession order for up to 12 months at a time. Subsection (4) requires the court to have regard to \u2018all the circumstances\u2019 in deciding whether to exercise its power to suspend. The court is, therefore, required to conduct an examination of all the circumstances of the case ...\u201d\n\nHe concluded: \u201c63. In my judgment, the decision to provide the procedural safeguards introduced by the amendment of section 4 of the 1968 Act was within the margin of appreciation available to the United Kingdom. More generous safeguards could have been introduced (and they will be when the 1983 Act is amended). But the amendment goes far enough to meet the real thrust of the criticisms made in Connors.\u201d\n\nAs to the applicant\u2019s argument that the legislation discriminated against gypsies, Dyson LJ found that although the discrimination point was one of the features of the Court\u2019s reasoning in Connors, it was not the main reason for the decision. Even if that was wrong, Dyson LJ considered that by addressing the lack of procedural safeguards for gypsies of local authority sites, the amendment had also gone a long way to meeting the discrimination point. While discrimination would not be cured completely until the 1983 Act was amended, it had been much mitigated. Thus to the extent that the discrimination persisted, the decision not to eliminate it altogether fell within the margin of appreciation accorded to the contracting States.\n\nOn 18 February 2008 the House of Lords refused the applicant\u2019s request for permission to appeal.\n\nIn May 2008 the applicant left Cae Garw caravan site for alternative accommodation on land owned by her brother. She claims that her departure was the result of the refusal of leave to appeal and in the face of further threats of eviction The land owned by her brother has no planning permission for residential use and its occupants, which include the applicant\u2019s brother, his six children and the applicants\u2019 parents, share minimal facilities, namely one toilet and one sink with cold running water in a shed with no lighting.", "applicant": "Maria Buckland", "offset": 1178, "idx_mapping": [1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1178, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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A. Events leading up to the termination of Dennis Sibson’s employment
Mr Sibson, who was born in 1929, was employed by Courtaulds Northern Spinning Ltd, formerly Courtaulds Northern Textiles Ltd, (“CNS“) from November 1973 as a heavy goods vehicle driver. He was based at its depot at Greengate, Lancashire, together with between forty and fifty other drivers. His services gave complete satisfaction at all times. Until the events giving rise to the present case, Dennis Sibson was a member of the Transport and General Workers Union (“TGWU“); from 1981 to 1984 he was its branch secretary.
|
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"001-57843_a8_em147", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 August", "start_offset": 11949}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": ["annotator8"], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Dennis Sibson", "meta": {"applicant": "Dennis Sibson", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1993}, "doc_id": "001-57843", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c) on 21 February 1992, within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 14327/88) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) by Mr Dennis Sibson, a British citizen, on 17 October 1988. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the United Kingdom recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The object of the request was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 11 (art. 11) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3 (d) of the Rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyers who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Sir John Freeland, the elected judge of British nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). On 27 February 1992, in the presence of the Registrar, the President drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr J. Cremona, Mr F. Matscher, Mrs E. Palm, Mr A.N. Loizou, Mr J.M. Morenilla, Mr F. Bigi and Mr M.A. Lopes Rocha (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43). Subsequently, Mr C. Russo, substitute judge, replaced Mr Cremona, whose term of office had expired and whose successor at the Court had taken up his duties before the hearing (Rules 2 para. 3 and 22 para. 1).\n\nMr Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5) and, through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201c), the Delegate of the Commission and the applicant\u2019s lawyers on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 37 para. 1 and 38). Pursuant to the orders made in consequence, the Registrar received on the dates indicated: (a) from the Government, a memorial (15 and 22 June 1992) and observations on the applicant\u2019s claims under Article 50 (art. 50) of the Convention (20 October); (b) from the applicant, a memorial (22 June), a letter supplementing that memorial (11 August) and a statement of costs claimed under Article 50 (art. 50) (21 September). In a letter of 18 August the Secretary to the Commission informed the Registrar that the Delegate would submit his observations at the hearing. On 26 August the Commission filed a document which the Registrar had sought from it on the President\u2019s instructions.\n\nAs directed by the President, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 26 October 1992. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mrs A. Glover, Legal Counsellor, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Agent, Mr J. Eadie, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Ms A.-M. Lawlor, Administrator, Department of Employment, Mr P. Kilgarriff, Legal Adviser, Department of Employment, Advisers;\n\nfor the Commission Mr B. Marxer, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicant Mr J. Bowers, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Mr M. Beattie, Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mr Eadie for the Government, Mr Marxer for the Commission and Mr Bowers for the applicant, as well as a reply to a question put by the President. Both the Government and the applicant filed a written reply to a question put by the Court.\n\nThe Registrar received, on 9 November 1992, further observations from the Government on the applicant\u2019s claims under Article 50 (art. 50) and, on 20 January 1993, the applicant\u2019s comments on those observations.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nA. Events leading up to the termination of the applicant\u2019s employment\n\nMr Sibson, who was born in 1929, was employed by Courtaulds Northern Spinning Ltd, formerly Courtaulds Northern Textiles Ltd, (\u201cCNS\u201c) from November 1973 as a heavy goods vehicle driver. He was based at its depot at Greengate, Lancashire, together with between forty and fifty other drivers. His services gave complete satisfaction at all times.\n\nUntil the events giving rise to the present case, the applicant was a member of the Transport and General Workers Union (\u201cTGWU\u201c); from 1981 to 1984 he was its branch secretary. In 1985 all the other non-managerial employees at Greengate save one belonged to that union. At that time, however, that depot was not a \u201cclosed shop\u201c (see paragraph 17 below). Indeed, the later of two statements of his terms of employment furnished to the applicant specified that he had the right to be a member of no trade union and that he would be informed if this right came to be modified by the conclusion of a closed shop agreement.\n\nIn March 1985 a fellow driver, Mr D., allegedly accused Mr Sibson of having \u201cmilked the funds\u201c of the union whilst he was branch secretary. The applicant subsequently lodged with the local TGWU branch a complaint to the effect that Mr D. had \u201cdisseminated false statements tending to depreciate\u201c him as one of its officers, but it was dismissed by the branch adjudication panel on 20 July 1985. Mr Sibson was so dissatisfied with that decision that he resigned from TGWU by letter of 24 July and joined the United Road Transport Union instead. Some of his fellow drivers immediately ostracised him and others obstructed him in the performance of his work.\n\nBetween July and October 1985 CNS attempted in vain to resolve the dispute. After a period of \u201cuneasy peace\u201c, a substantial majority of the TGWU members at Greengate voted, on 12 October, in favour of (a) a closed shop agreement with CNS and (b) industrial action if Mr Sibson continued in employment at that depot after 25 October. At a meeting on 21 October between Mr Dear, the personnel manager of CNS, and the branch committee of the union it was agreed that the strike threat would be lifted if the applicant either rejoined TGWU or was employed on driving work not based at Greengate. On 22 October the applicant told Mr Dear that he would rejoin the union only if he received an apology from Mr D. and that he would not accept the alternative proposed by Mr Dear, namely a move to Chadderton, a depot about 1\u00bd miles away from Greengate. In a letter of the same date to the applicant, Mr Dear summarised the discussions to date; stated that CNS were contractually entitled to transfer the applicant to Chadderton, where his earnings would be similar to those at Greengate; denied that the move would be a demotion; and expressed the hope that the applicant would give serious thought to his position because \u201c[his] dismissal [was] a possibility\u201c.\n\nFurther meetings were then held, with the participation of a senior official of the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service. The applicant declined to accept as an apology a certain statement to be signed by Mr D. As regards a transfer to Chadderton, the applicant expressed concern about conditions there, in particular his fear - which Mr Dear assured him was groundless - of losing his current lorry and allowances for nights spent away from home; he also said that he could not face the aggravation from other drivers which he was sure would continue at that depot. At a final meeting on 8 November 1985 the applicant declined to accept either of the alternatives then put before him - working at Greengate after rejoining TGWU or moving to Chadderton - and suggested that the management should dismiss him. Mr Dear refused to do that, and added that if the applicant reported to Greengate for work, he would be sent home without pay. Mr Sibson, citing his solicitor\u2019s advice that that would constitute constructive dismissal (see paragraph 19 below), then said that he would resign with immediate effect, which he did by letter of the same date. He did not take up Mr Dear\u2019s further offer, dated 14 November, of employment at Chadderton with the same opportunity for earnings and expenses as previously.\n\nB. Domestic proceedings taken by the applicant\n\nMr Sibson then lodged with the Industrial Tribunal a complaint of unfair dismissal (see paragraph 18 below) against CNS and TGWU. In the grounds for his application he stated that he had \u201cbeen \u2018constructively dismissed\u2019 for refusing to accept \u2018action short of dismissal\u2019\u201c (see paragraph 20 below). His representative in these proceedings was not legally qualified, legal aid not being available for this purpose. CNS and TGWU contended that a closed shop agreement was in existence (which would have made any dismissal fair; see paragraph 18 below). CNS also denied that there had been either constructive dismissal or action short of dismissal. Mr Dear admitted in cross-examination the absence of any operational reason for moving the applicant to Chadderton, the sole purpose being to avoid a strike; had a strike not been threatened, CNS would have retained him at Greengate and not put any pressure on him to rejoin TGWU. By decision of 21 July 1986, the Industrial Tribunal unanimously accepted the complaint of unfair dismissal; it did not deal with the merits of the allegation of action short of dismissal. It found that Mr Sibson was entitled to refuse to rejoin TGWU because there was no closed shop agreement in force; that the request that he move to Chadderton was not reasonable since it was not made for genuine operational reasons but solely to avoid a strike; that CNS had no right to suspend the applicant without pay; that he was therefore entitled to treat himself as dismissed; and that the dismissal was unfair because its only motive was his exercise of his express right not to belong to a union. The tribunal reserved the question of remedies for further consideration, the applicant having opted for re-engagement (see paragraph 18 below).\n\nOn 16 January 1987 the Employment Appeal Tribunal, by a majority, dismissed an appeal by CNS on points of law. It found that the Industrial Tribunal had not erred in law, misdirected itself or reached an unreasonable conclusion.\n\nOn 25 March 1988 the Court of Appeal unanimously upheld an appeal by CNS on a point of law, confined to the question whether Mr Sibson had been constructively dismissed. It found that there was an implied term in his contract that his employer could - for any reason - direct him to work at any place within reasonable daily reach of his home; the Industrial Tribunal had erred in law in holding that this right could be exercised only if the direction were reasonable and that this condition would not be satisfied unless the direction was made for genuine operational reasons. Lord Justice Slade stated, as regards this implied \u201cmobility term\u201c: \u201cI cannot see how Mr Sibson could reasonably have objected to a term giving the contract this limited degree of flexibility when he entered the employment in 1973. If the evidence had disclosed any special circumstances which as at that time made it a matter of importance to him that he should be based at ... Greengate ... rather than at (say) Chadderton, the Industrial Tribunal would no doubt have said so.\u201c The Court of Appeal concluded that CNS had acted within its contractual rights in requiring the applicant to transfer to a nearby depot and that he could not be regarded as having been constructively dismissed. No question of unfair dismissal therefore arose.\n\nOn 15 April 1988 Mr Sibson applied for legal aid to appeal to the House of Lords. On 30 June legal aid was granted for the purpose of obtaining counsel\u2019s opinion on the merits of an appeal. On 8 August counsel advised that there were no reasonable prospects of success and that leave to appeal would not be given. 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Gisela Kirsten was born in 1944 and lives in Berlin. From 1960 to 1979 she worked as a ballet dancer for the Erich-Weinert-Ensemble (EWE), a national company of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). In 1979 she terminated her career on stage and worked for the company as a set and costume designer. The EWE paid Gisela Kirsten her wages as a costume and set designer and, in addition, a monthly allowance in the amount of 588 GDR marks (hereafter „the allowance“). The allowance was paid by virtue of the regulation of the Minister of Culture (Anordnung über die Gewährung einer berufsbezogenen Zuwendung an Ballettmitglieder in staatlichen Einrichtungen der DDR) of 1 September 1976.
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"related_mentions": null, "span_text": "GDR", "start_offset": 6281}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6365, "entity_id": "001-79427_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-79427_a8_em74", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "4 July 2002", "start_offset": 6354}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6398, "entity_id": "001-79427_a8_e48", "entity_mention_id": "001-79427_a8_em75", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 6370}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6510, "entity_id": "001-79427_a8_e51", "entity_mention_id": "001-79427_a8_em76", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2 July 2002", "start_offset": 6499}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6578, "entity_id": "001-79427_a8_e54", "entity_mention_id": "001-79427_a8_em77", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3 August 2002", "start_offset": 6565}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Gisela Kirsten", "meta": {"applicant": "Gisela Kirsten", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-79427", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 19124/02) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a German national, Ms Gisela Kirsten (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 1 May 2002.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr K.H. Christoph, a lawyer practising in Berlin. The German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mrs A. Wittling-Vogel, Ministerialr\u00e4tin, of the Federal Ministry of Justice.\n\nOn 2 May 2005 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1944 and lives in Berlin.\n\nFrom 1960 to 1979 she worked as a ballet dancer for the Erich-Weinert-Ensemble (EWE), a national company of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). In 1979 she terminated her career on stage and worked for the company as a set and costume designer.\n\nThe EWE paid the applicant her wages as a costume and set designer and, in addition, a monthly allowance in the amount of 588 GDR marks (hereafter \u201ethe allowance\u201c). The allowance was paid by virtue of the regulation of the Minister of Culture (Anordnung \u00fcber die Gew\u00e4hrung einer berufsbezogenen Zuwendung an Ballettmitglieder in staatlichen Einrichtungen der DDR) of 1 September 1976. Pursuant to this regulation former members of ballets in the GDR were paid an allowance at the end of their career on stage. The allowance accrued after reaching the age of 35 and having worked for at least 15 years as a dancer. It was paid, irrespective of other earnings, by the former employer. Once the former dancer received an old-age or invalidity pension the allowance was regularly paid by the National Insurance of the GDR (Staatliche Versicherung der DDR).\n\nAfter the reunification of the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) the EWE which formerly belonged to the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee) of the GDR was incorporated into the organisation of the Federal Ministry of Defence of the FRG. The Ministry took over the contracts with the company's staff and continued to pay the applicant her wages and the allowance. The allowance and the retirement pensions were moreover converted and paid in German Marks (DEM).\n\nOn 1 January 1992 the Ministry discontinued all allowance payments to former ballet dancers with reference to Article 9 \u00a7 2 in conjunction with Appendix II, Chapter VIII, Section H, paragraph III Nr. 6 of the German Unification Treaty.\n\nIn December 1992 the applicant brought an action with the Berlin Social Court claiming the payment of the allowance.\n\nOn 24 August 1994 the Federal Social Court ruled in a leading judgment that the social courts had no jurisdiction over disputes concerning the allowance. It found that those disputes belonged to the realm of civil \u2013 and more specifically \u2013 labour law, inter alia because the granting and the amount of the allowance were so closely linked to the contract of employment and in particular to the respective wages.\n\nOn 13 January 1995 the Berlin Social Court referred the applicant's case to the Frankfurt/Oder Labour Court.\n\nOn 15 May 1996 the Frankfurt/Oder Labour Court ordered the Ministry of Defence to pay the applicant DEM 28,224 and the monthly allowance as of January 1996. It pointed out that the wording of the pertinent provision of the German Unification Treaty was ambiguous. The provision could be interpreted as setting 31 December 1991 as the final date to qualify for the allowance or as terminating permanently the allowance payments from that date onwards. However, in view of the principle of the protection of legitimate expectations (Vertrauensschutz) the allowance payments could not be permanently discontinued without an explicit and a precise regulation in the German Unification Treaty. Therefore the provision had to be construed as setting 31 December 1991 as the final date to qualify for the allowance.\n\nOn 13 May 1998 the Brandenburg Regional Labour Court quashed the decision of the Frankfurt/Oder Labour Court and rejected the applicant's action. It admitted that the wording of the pertinent provision was ambiguous. Referring to the leading judgment on the allowance of the Federal Labour Court dated 24 March 1998, it construed the provision as terminating the allowance payments as of 31 December 1991. It argued that the allowance had been paid out of public funds and was an atypical benefit granted by the GDR. Therefore it would have been necessary to rule explicitly that the allowance was to be transferred into the united German legal system. The judgement was served on the applicant on 15 October 1998. The applicant subsequently lodged an appeal on points of law.\n\nOn 8 November 1998 the applicant lodged a constitutional complaint of approximately fifty pages with the Federal Constitutional Court. She inter alia complained that the length of the proceedings - which were still pending before the Federal Labour Court - violated Article 6 of the Convention.\n\nOn 26 January 1999 the Federal Labour Court rejected the applicant's request for leave to appeal on points of law.\n\nIn March 1999 the applicant submitted another fifty pages of observations to the Federal Constitutional Court.\n\nOn 2 July 2002 the Federal Constitutional Court delivered a leading decision on the ballet dancers' allowance. It referred to its leading judgment of 28 April 1999, pursuant to which the pension rights acquired in the GDR fell within the scope of Article 14 of the German Basic Law protecting the right to property provided that the German Unification Treaty recognised them as legal claims within the united German legal system. The impugned allowance did accordingly not fall within the scope of Article 14 of the German Basic Law as Article 9 of the German Unification Treaty prescribed that it would not be transferred into the social and labour legislation of the FRG. Furthermore, there had never been a legitimate expectation that the allowance would be transferred into the united German legal system, as in the legal system of the GDR, the allowance had already amounted to a preferential treatment.\n\nOn 4 July 2002 the Federal Constitutional Court refused to admit the applicant's constitutional complaint with reference to its leading decision of 2 July 2002. 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| 1
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On 11 August 1995 on a public bus in the city of Århus Sofiika Vasileva, born in 1928, had a dispute with a ticket inspector, who accused her of having travelled without a valid ticket. When he was about to issue a penalty fare she refused to disclose her identity and the police were consequently called. They requested that Sofiika Vasileva give her name and address, and since she refused, she was arrested at 9.30 p.m. in accordance with section 755, subsection 1, cf. section 750 of the Administration of Justice Act (Retsplejeloven) and brought to the police station. From the police reports it appears that the police estimated that Sofiika Vasileva was approximately sixty years old.
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"001-61309_a8_em69", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": [], "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 10105}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11097, "entity_id": "001-61309_a8_e55", "entity_mention_id": "001-61309_a8_em70", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "24 February 1999", "start_offset": 11081}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 11151, "entity_id": "001-61309_a8_e56", "entity_mention_id": "001-61309_a8_em71", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court (H\u00f8jesteret)", "start_offset": 11125}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 11217, "entity_id": "001-61309_a8_e57", "entity_mention_id": "001-61309_a8_em72", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Leave to Appeal Board (Procesbevillingsn\u00e6vnet)", "start_offset": 11171}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11232, "entity_id": "001-61309_a8_e58", "entity_mention_id": "001-61309_a8_em73", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "25 May 1999", "start_offset": 11221}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Sofiika Vasileva", "meta": {"applicant": "Sofiika Vasileva", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 53, 34, 93], "countries": "DNK", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-61309", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 52792/99) against the Kingdom of Denmark lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Bulgarian national, Mrs Sofiika Vasileva (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 10 August 1999.\n\nThe applicant was represented before the Court by Mrs Hanne Gullitz, a lawyer practising in \u00c5rhus. The Danish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr Hans Klingenberg of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Co-Agent Ms Nina Holst-Christensen of the Ministry of Justice.\n\nThe case concerns the detention of the applicant from 9.30 p.m. on 11 August until 11 a.m. on 12 August 1995. The applicant invokes Article 5 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Second Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). On 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed First Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 30 April 2002 the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nOn 11 August 1995 on a public bus in the city of \u00c5rhus the applicant, born in 1928, had a dispute with a ticket inspector, who accused her of having travelled without a valid ticket. When he was about to issue a penalty fare she refused to disclose her identity and the police were consequently called. They requested that the applicant give her name and address, and since she refused, she was arrested at 9.30 p.m. in accordance with section 755, subsection 1, cf. section 750 of the Administration of Justice Act (Retsplejeloven) and brought to the police station.\n\nFrom the police reports it appears that the police estimated that the applicant was approximately sixty years old. Having been deprived of her personal belongings, she was put in a waiting room at 9.45 p.m. and after a visit to the toilet at 11.00 p.m. she was moved to a detention cell. On 12 August 1995 at 10.45 a.m. the applicant revealed her identity and she was released at 11.00 a.m.\n\nImmediately after her release, the applicant collapsed and was hospitalised for three days diagnosed with high blood pressure.\n\nThe charge with the offence of refusing to reveal her identity was not followed up by an indictment. The outcome of the applicant's dispute with the bus company is unknown.\n\nOn 16 August 1995 the applicant complained about the detention to the Chief Constable of \u00c5rhus (Politimesteren i \u00c5rhus). In a letter of 14 September 1995 the Chief Constable provided his comments on the course of event, stating inter alia that the applicant had not been in possession of any papers which could have revealed her identity, that she appeared hysterical and refused to reveal her identity and that in the light thereof for security reasons she was placed in a detention cell. Furthermore, the Chief Constable noted that during the detention the applicant was regularly attended to and called upon through the intercommunication system but that each approach was met with screaming and continuing refusal to reveal her identity,\n\nOn 14 June 1996 the applicant claimed compensation for having been detained. The Chief Constable decided on the matter on 18 July 1996, and in so far as relevant his letter of the same day to the applicant reads as follows: \u201cIn connection with your previous complaint ... you received a ... letter of 14 September 1995 from Chief Superintendent HJH. [My] reply to your complaint... will not differ essentially from the content of [that letter]. However, in view of your relatively advanced age I find reason to regret that you were not, as promised, attended to by a doctor in connection with your stay in the detention cell. In general, I find the fact that you were taken to the police station, that you were placed in the detention cell, and that the length of your stay in the detention cell from 11.00 p.m. until your release the following day at 11.00 a.m., totalling 12 hours can be ascribed substantially to your conduct and unwillingness to assist in replying to the question on which the police needed clarification. This decision can be appealed against to the Ministry of Justice... The claim for compensation made by you as regards the deprivation of liberty will be decided by the Regional State Prosecutor, who has received a copy of this letter\u201d.\n\nThe applicant did not appeal to the Ministry of Justice against the Chief Constable's decision, but on 31 July 1996 she complained against the decision to the Regional State Prosecutor in Viborg (Statsadvokaten i Viborg), who refused to grant her compensation on 6 February 1997.\n\nIn accordance with section 1018 e of the Administration of Justice Act on 5 and 12 March 1997 the applicant appealed to the Prosecutor General, who upheld the decision on 25 November 1997.\n\nThereafter, pursuant to section 1018 a of the Administration of Justice Act the applicant brought her claim for compensation before the City Court of \u00c5rhus (Retten i \u00c5rhus). The prosecution maintained that the applicant's behaviour necessitated the arrest and the length of the detention. A court session was held on 26 June 1998, in which the applicant, represented by counsel, explained inter alia that she had refused to give her name to the ticket inspector partly because she was angry, partly because he already knew her. She alleged that the police did not question her or talk to her during the arrest, during the transportation to the police station, or after the arrival to the station. She had handed over various belongings among those, she believed, various letters from public authorities bearing her name. Four police officers were heard as witnesses on 17 September 1998. The two police officers who made the arrest explained inter alia that the applicant twice had refused to give her name and address on their request, once after they had warned her that she would be arrested did she not state the data required. It had been difficult to get in touch with the applicant, who screamed and appeared hysterical. At the police station she was brought before the officer on duty and again she refused to reveal her identity. She had not been in possession of any identification. The officer who had been on duty on 11 August 1995 explained among other things that after repeated attempts to obtain the applicant's name and date of birth, he gave up and the applicant was thereafter placed in a waiting room, whereto he went at least once without success to ask her to disclose her personal data before he was off duty at 11 p.m. The officer who had been on duty on 12 August 1995 as from 6.30 a.m. stated inter alia that several times during the morning he send a colleague down to try to get the requested data from the applicant, but they only succeeded around 10.45 a.m., whereupon she was released. A note of 9 July 1996 from the Chief of Police in \u00c5rhus was submitted, of which it appeared that the applicant's case had been thoroughly talked over with the group of duty officers. It had been discussed in particular that the applicant had not been attended to by a doctor in connection with her placement in the detention cell, that she had been detained for many hours, and that no documentation existed to substantiate which steps had been taken during the evening, the night and the early morning hours in order to gain knowledge of the applicant's identity. The duty officers were ordered, in the future, to appoint at the commencement of every duty period one among them to be responsible for the detainees.\n\nBy judgment of 25 September 1998 the City Court decided as follows: \u201cAs the [applicant] did not disclose her name and address to the two [named] police officers, she infringed section 750 of the Administration of Justice Act, which authorises the imposition of a fine. Thus, pursuant to section 755, subsection 1 of the Administration of Justice Act the [applicant] could be arrested. Also, when brought to the police station immediately after the arrest [the applicant] refused to reveal her name and address and consequently, she was put in a waiting room. It is unknown, which efforts were taken to identify [the applicant] in the period between 11.00 p.m. and 06.30 a.m. during which, the sixty-seven year old [applicant] was placed in the detention cell at least for some time, and during which according to the information available she was denied medical treatment. Having regard to the fact that [the applicant] was detained for breaching section 750 of the Administration of Justice Act, the police officers on duty were under an obligation continuously to make attempts to establish her identity, and to secure that the detention did not exceed a period proportionate to the cause of the detention cf. the principles set out in section 760, subsection 1 and section 755, subsection 4 of the Administration of Justice Act. Under these circumstances, the court finds that there was no reason to extend the detention until the following day 11.00 a.m. Accordingly, [the applicant] is entitled to compensation in the amount of DKK 2,200 pursuant to section 1018 a, subsection 1 of the Administration of Justice Act.\u201d\n\nThe prosecution appealed against the judgment to the High Court of Western Denmark (Vestre Landsret), before which the applicant amended slightly her statement given before the City Court in that she admitted that the police had asked her before and after the arrest to provide them with her personal data, but that she had refused because she had been angry. Two of the police officers who were heard as witnesses before the City Court repeated their testimonies.\n\nOn 11 February 1999 the High Court gave judgment against the applicant stating as follows: \u201cHaving breached section 750 of the Administration of Justice Act [the applicant] could be arrested pursuant to section 755, subsection 1 of the Administration of Justice Act. During the arrest, and the subsequent detention [the applicant] was requested continuously to reveal her name and address, which she refused. Furthermore, she did not possess any identity papers, which could have enabled the police to determine her name and address. Finally, [the applicant] was released as soon as she revealed her name and address. Under these circumstances, there is no basis for granting [the applicant] compensation pursuant to section 1018 a, subsection 1 of the administration of Justice Act. Moreover, as no circumstances has been established, which could provide a basis for granting compensation pursuant to section 1018 a, subsection 2, [the court finds for the prosecution.]\u201d\n\nThe applicant's request of 24 February 1999 for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court (H\u00f8jesteret) was refused by the Leave to Appeal Board (Procesbevillingsn\u00e6vnet) on 25 May 1999.", "applicant": "Sofiika Vasileva", "offset": 1516, "idx_mapping": [1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 1516, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206], "duplicates": 1}
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Werner Gabriel was born in 1939 and lives in Graz. Werner Gabriel was, at the time of the events, a civil servant in a public employment relationship with the Styria Regional Government (Landesregierung). He worked at the Department for Legal Affairs (Traffic Department). On 17 May 1993 the Department for Legal Affairs (Human Resources) laid disciplinary information against Werner Gabriel. The Disciplinary Commission at the Office of the Regional Styria Government (Disziplinarkommission des Amtes der Landesregierung) decided, on 21 June 1993, to institute the main disciplinary proceedings on account of seventeen specific charges dating from December 1990 to April 1993 and suspended Werner Gabriel from his duties (Einleitungs- und Suspendierungsbeschluss).
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3546, "entity_id": "001-98034_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-98034_a8_em45", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Senior Disciplinary Board", "start_offset": 3521}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3877, "entity_id": "001-98034_a8_e35", "entity_mention_id": "001-98034_a8_em46", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "15 December 1999", "start_offset": 3861}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3931, "entity_id": "001-98034_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-98034_a8_em47", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "24 January 2000", "start_offset": 3916}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3957, "entity_id": "001-98034_a8_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-98034_a8_em48", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 3937}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Werner Gabriel", "meta": {"applicant": "Werner Gabriel", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2010}, "doc_id": "001-98034", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 34821/06) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Werner Gabriel (\u201cthe applicant\u201d).\n\nThe applicant was represented by Ms Baumgartner-Gabriel, a lawyer practising in Graz. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant complained, in particular, that there was no public hearing in the disciplinary proceedings against him before the Administrative Court.\n\nOn 1 December 2007 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1939 and lives in Graz.\n\nThe applicant was, at the time of the events, a civil servant in a public employment relationship with the Styria Regional Government (Landesregierung). He worked at the Department for Legal Affairs (Traffic Department).\n\nOn 17 May 1993 the Department for Legal Affairs (Human Resources) laid disciplinary information against the applicant.\n\nThe Disciplinary Commission at the Office of the Regional Styria Government (Disziplinarkommission des Amtes der Landesregierung) decided, on 21 June 1993, to institute the main disciplinary proceedings on account of seventeen specific charges dating from December 1990 to April 1993 and suspended the applicant from his duties (Einleitungs- und Suspendierungsbeschluss).\n\nOn 21 September 1994 the Disciplinary Commission decided to hold a hearing (Verhandlungsbeschluss) in the disciplinary matter against the applicant, charging him on twenty-four counts. However, in the summons for the hearing the Disciplinary Commission informed the applicant on 2 October 2005 that only counts 1 to 14 would be subject matter of the hearing.\n\nA hearing was held in presence of the applicant and his counsel on 7 December 1995 following which the Disciplinary Commission held the applicant liable in respect of ten counts of misbehaviour. It imposed a disciplinary penalty of immediate retirement with a deduction of 20% of his pension benefits. On the remaining four counts the Disciplinary Commission found no reason to take further action.\n\nOn 7 November 1996 the Senior Disciplinary Board at the Office of the Styria Regional Government (Disziplinaroberkommission des Amtes der Landesregierung) on the basis of the result of an oral hearing upheld this decision with regard to six counts, but found no reason for criticism as regards the remaining four counts. As a result the disciplinary penalty was reduced by setting the deduction of the applicant's pension benefits at 15%.\n\nThe applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court on 9 January 1997. The applicant also requested the Constitutional Court to hold a public hearing.\n\nThe Constitutional Court declined to deal with the applicant's complaint for lack of prospect of success on 9 June 1998 and, on 24 June 1998, remitted the case to the Administrative Court at the applicant's request.\n\nOn 23 September 1998 the applicant supplemented his complaint as requested by the Administrative Court and requested again a public hearing to be held. In his complaint he argued that the Senior Disciplinary Board had not been properly composed and that there were inconsistencies as to the number of charges in the decision to institute proceedings, the decision to hold a hearing and for which he was eventually held liable. Further, the authorities had not properly gathered the evidence and had erred in its assessment.\n\nOn 15 December 1999 (served on the applicant's counsel on 24 January 2000) the Administrative Court, without a hearing, dismissed the applicant's complaint as unfounded.", "applicant": "Werner Gabriel", "offset": 987, "idx_mapping": [987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 987, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751], "duplicates": 1}
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Eleonor Levin was born in 1967 and lives in Norway. A. Background and taking into public care
Eleonor Levin is the mother of three children, T. born in October 1999, S. born in March 2001 and D. born in November 2002. In March 2003, Eleonor Levin separated from the children’s father, B., and she was eventually granted sole custody of the children, while B. was granted contact rights. Eleonor Levin married J. in November 2004.
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"span_text": "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)", "start_offset": 19452}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19854, "entity_id": "001-109575_a8_e75", "entity_mention_id": "001-109575_a8_em148", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "7 May 2009", "start_offset": 19844}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19889, "entity_id": "001-109575_a8_e43", "entity_mention_id": "001-109575_a8_em149", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court of Appeal", "start_offset": 19859}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 20137, "entity_id": "001-109575_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-109575_a8_em150", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "T.", "start_offset": 20135}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20144, "entity_id": "001-109575_a8_e16", "entity_mention_id": "001-109575_a8_em151", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "S.", "start_offset": 20142}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Eleonor Levin", "meta": {"applicant": "Eleonor Levin", "articles": [91, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2012}, "doc_id": "001-109575", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 35141/06) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Swedish national, Ms Eleonor Levin (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 21 August 2006.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Ms B. Wallman, a lawyer practising in \u00d6rebro. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr B. Sj\u00f6berg, of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged a breach of Article 8 of the Convention in relation to the contact restrictions following the taking into public care of her three children.\n\nOn 20 January 2009 the Court declared the application partly inadmissible and decided to communicate the complaint concerning the contact restrictions to the Government. It also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nOn 1 February 2011 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court) and the above application was assigned to the newly composed Fifth Section.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1967 and lives in Norway.\n\nA. Background and taking into public care\n\nThe applicant is the mother of three children, T. born in October 1999, S. born in March 2001 and D. born in November 2002. In March 2003, the applicant separated from the children\u2019s father, B., and she was eventually granted sole custody of the children, while B. was granted contact rights. The applicant married J. in November 2004.\n\nThe applicant and her children have been known to the social services since 2002 when a first investigation into their home environment was carried out. During March and April 2005, the personnel at the children\u2019s day care centre felt that the applicant was distracted and stressed and the children were hungry and dirty when they arrived at day care in the mornings and were behaving in a wild and hyperactive manner. In view of this, they reported the situation to the social services in Skellefte\u00e5. In March the applicant herself contacted the Child and Youth Psychiatric Clinic (Barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin; hereafter \u201cBUP\u201d) for help, as she considered the situation to be chaotic and she needed help for her son, S., who she claimed destroyed everything at home. BUP reported the family\u2019s situation to the social services.\n\nOn 3 May 2005 the applicant contacted BUP in a state of despair and, in response, a social emergency unit (social beredskap) went to the applicant\u2019s home, accompanied by police and a chief physician from the adult psychiatric clinic. The authorities found the interior of the home completely destitute; there was hardly any furniture and there was no electricity or running water. The applicant was in a confused state and blamed the mess in the house on S. The social emergency unit decided immediately to place the children, together with the applicant, in a temporary family home (jourfamiljehem)0. On the following day, the applicant was committed to compulsory psychiatric care in accordance with the Act on Compulsory Psychiatric Care (Lagen om psykiatrisk tv\u00e5ngsv\u00e5rd, 1991:1128). The applicant claimed that she was not ill but agreed to the placement of the children in the temporary family home. A week later, she was released from psychiatric care and returned to her home.\n\nDuring the summer of 2005 the applicant had frequent contact with the social services. However, she felt misunderstood and harassed by the authorities and wanted to bring her two daughters, T. and D., home. As the social services insisted that the situation was not stable enough for the girls to return to the applicant, she withdrew her consent to their voluntary placement. Hence, the Social Council (socialn\u00e4mnden) in Skellefte\u00e5 decided to take T. and D. into public care immediately on a provisional basis, pursuant to section 6 of the Act with Special Provisions on the Care of Young Persons (Lagen med s\u00e4rskilda best\u00e4mmelser om v\u00e5rd av unga, 1990:52; hereafter \u201cthe 1990 Act\u201d). The council considered that the measure was necessary in order to protect the children. It also noted that there had been chaos every time the applicant had met with the children during the summer or when she had appeared, often unannounced, at their day care centre, leaving them upset and sad.\n\nThe applicant, who was represented by legal counsel, opposed the measure but, on 31 August 2005, the County Administrative Court (l\u00e4nsr\u00e4tten) of V\u00e4sterbotten confirmed the decision of the Social Council.\n\nOn 19 September 2005 the Social Council applied to the County Administrative Court for a permanent care order in respect of all three children, in accordance with section 2 of the 1990 Act. The council maintained that the applicant had shown a serious lack of ability to care for her children. It submitted a comprehensive investigation report into the family\u2019s situation in support of its request according to which all three children had worn nappies when they arrived at the temporary family home, although T. only at night, and they had been dirty and had an endless appetite. Moreover, T. had no limits towards adults and wanted to control everything and everyone around her. S. had nightmares and had been afraid of sudden movements. He acted in a very stressed and anxious manner when his mother was present. D. had been late in her speech and motor development. The applicant had not been able to set limits for her children and the situation when they met had always become out of control.\n\nThe applicant disputed the measure and claimed that she was capable of caring for her children, who suffered from being separated from her.\n\nBy judgment of 19 October 2005, after having held an oral hearing, the County Administrative Court granted a permanent care order in respect of each of the three children. It found that, on the basis of all the material in the case, it had been shown that the applicant lacked the ability to care for her children, which had already somewhat impaired their health and development, and that there was a serious risk of further damage unless they were given proper care. Since the applicant did not agree to voluntary care, it was necessary to take the children into public care on a permanent basis.\n\nThe applicant appealed against the judgment to the Administrative Court of Appeal (kammarr\u00e4tten) in Sundsvall. She had realised that it was not S., but her husband J., who had been responsible for all the destruction in their home. J. had admitted this and they had divorced. However, she did not consider that the children had suffered from this error, although she felt sorry for S. and would have liked to talk to him about it.\n\nThe Social Council contested the appeal. In its view, the children\u2019s behaviour showed that their development had already been harmed and, moreover, the applicant had no insight into her problems and had difficulties in interacting with her children.\n\nOn 9 January 2006 the Administrative Court of Appeal upheld the lower court\u2019s judgment in full. In its opinion it was evident that the children had not received proper care at home. Moreover, the applicant had shown signs of mental ill-health and had behaved in an unbalanced manner. Thus there had been a real risk of damage to the children\u2019s health and development. Furthermore, although the court acknowledged that the situation had improved in that the house had been renovated and the applicant had divorced J., it found that the situation was far from being stable, having regard to the serious flaws which had existed, the uncertainty as to whether they still existed and the children\u2019s need for care.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Supreme Administrative Court (Regeringsr\u00e4tten) which, on 23 February 2006, refused leave to appeal.\n\nB. Contact restrictions\n\nFollowing the granting of the public care order in August 2005, the applicant had contact rights to visit T. for one hour, once every other week, and spoke with her on the telephone once a week. She met S. once every third week in the presence of the social services and she had contact rights to visit D. for one hour every week. In May 2006 the applicant moved to live with her sister in G\u00f6teborg, located approximately 1,100 km from Skellefte\u00e5, and as a result she travelled to Skellefte\u00e5 to see her children roughly once a month.\n\nIn October 2005, the children were placed in three different family homes, all within approximately 50 km of Skellefte\u00e5, as one family was not able to provide the care and support that each child needed. However, it was arranged for the children to meet each other approximately once a month to ensure continued good contact between them.\n\nIn November 2006 the applicant, through her legal counsel, requested the Social Council to allow her more time with her children as she felt that the children were being deprived of contact with her.\n\nOn 11 December 2006 the Social Council decided to restrict the applicant\u2019s contact rights to all three children. It first noted that the children\u2019s father, B., had also requested contact rights to the children and that his contact rights had to be taken into account when deciding on the frequency of the applicant\u2019s contact rights, balanced against the best interests of the children. Thus, according to the decision, each parent should meet with the children once every three months in a neutral environment where the family home parents and the social worker responsible for the file should be present. This meant that the applicant would meet her children once every six months.\n\nThe decision was based on an investigation carried out by the Social Council, in consultation with BUP, into the children\u2019s situation. It was finalised on 1 December 2006 and concluded, inter alia, the following. All three children had suffered severe harm to their health and development because of the deficiencies in the applicant\u2019s ability to care for them. They were vulnerable and sensitive to change. However, since the permanent care order, T. had slowly become more calm and balanced and had started to learn how to play. She and the applicant had been alone during their meetings and had done various things such as going to the playground, the swimming pool or a restaurant. T. had been very tired after the meetings and she had slept badly and wet her bed. After telephone conversations with the applicant, T. had also been anxious and sad. As regards S., he had become calmer and more relaxed since placed in the family home. He still had difficulties sleeping and suffered from stomach pains and vomiting before and after contact with the applicant, despite the meetings having been very structured and held in the presence of the family home father. S. showed clear signs of fear of his mother and he had expressed a fear that she would come and fetch him. Turning to D., it was observed that she had met with the applicant and that they had usually been alone, playing together. After contact with the applicant, D. used to be worried about things the applicant had told her and she regressed somewhat in her development for a few days after each meeting, wetting her bed and having difficulty sleeping. The Social Council concluded in its investigation report that the children had a right to contact with their mother but that their best interests required that the contact be limited in order to ensure their secure and positive development.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the County Administrative Court and requested that she be granted contact rights to her children much more often than only twice a year. She could see no reason for such restricted contact and found it to be contrary to the best interests of the children as they would forget their mother. They had lived with her until May 2005 and they had had a close and warm relationship. She agreed that the children should also see and get to know their father but considered that this should not limit her contact with them. Moreover, she referred to a custody report, dated 28 February 2005, which had been carried out in connection with the custody proceedings following the divorce from B. In the summary of the report it was stated, inter alia, that nothing had appeared to call into question the applicant\u2019s ability as a parent to care for her three children and that personnel at the children\u2019s day care centre had stated that the children seemed to receive the care they needed from the applicant.\n\nThe Social Council contested the appeal. It submitted that the children were currently in the process of developing and learning things that they had not had the opportunity to learn before and it was important that this process should not be interrupted, which was the effect of their contact with the applicant. Consultation had taken place with BUP, which agreed with the Social Council that contact restrictions were necessary in order to ensure a positive development for the children. Moreover, it noted that the last meeting between the applicant and her children, on 23 January 2007, had passed without incident, partly because eight adults had been present to ensure the children\u2019s well-being.\n\nOn 2 April 2007 the County Administrative Court rejected the appeal. It noted that a supplementary custody report, dated 25 August 2005, stated that it was clear that there were major flaws in the applicant\u2019s ability to care for her children. Thus, having regard to the fact that the children had been feeling ill and anxious in connection with and after their contacts with the applicant, and that they needed time to develop in peace in their family homes, the Social Council had been justified in restricting the applicant\u2019s contact rights to her children to twice a year.\n\nThe applicant lodged an appeal with the Administrative Court of Appeal, maintaining her claims and adding that she wished to see her children at least once a month in order to ensure that they would not forget her. She felt that the family home parents had a negative attitude towards her and that this influenced the children.\n\nOn 11 October 2007, after having held an oral hearing, the Administrative Court of Appeal upheld the lower court\u2019s judgment in full. It noted that BUP had been consulted by the Social Council before its decision.\n\nUpon further appeal by the applicant, the Supreme Administrative Court refused leave to appeal on 10 December 2007.\n\nEvery three months, the Social Council reconsidered the contact restrictions and decided to maintain the restrictions in place. It would appear that the applicant did not appeal against these until the council\u2019s decision of 11 August 2008 which she appealed against to the County Administrative Court, requesting that her contact rights to her children be increased to one visit per month to begin with and, after three months, to spend one weekend a month with them alone. She stated, inter alia, that she had moved to Norway, found a job and was in a steady relationship with a new man, and thus, felt very well.\n\nIn its decision, the Social Council had observed that despite the applicant\u2019s visits having been planned and very structured, the children had still had negative reactions before and after each meeting in the form of anxiety, stomach aches, bedwetting, becoming insecure and regressing in their development. It further noted that during the visit in December 2007, the applicant\u2019s mother had also been present which had been a positive addition. She had expressed a wish to see her grandchildren once a year, to which the council agreed. It also noted that the applicant had sent postcards and letters to the children which they appreciated. As concerned the visits, the council observed that they were always very well planned and structured with the support of the family homes and that the applicant and the children played together, ate and talked. The family homes also showed photos and films from the children\u2019s meetings and their activities.\n\nOn 14 November 2008 the court, after having held an oral hearing, decided to increase the applicant\u2019s contact with her children to four times per year, for four hours each time. It noted that the limited contact had been in place for roughly two years and had contributed to the children developing positively during this time. Although it agreed with the Social Council that continued limitations on the applicant\u2019s contact with her children were necessary due to the children\u2019s needs, it noted that the applicant had not interfered in an inappropriate manner in the care of her children. Moreover, the last two times they had met had generally gone well. Therefore, the court found that with the support of the Social Council and the family homes during the meetings, these could be increased to four times per year for the applicant. In its view, this would provide the children with a good contact with their mother while not jeopardising their continued development.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Administrative Court of Appeal, maintaining that she wanted contact rights with her children during one weekend per month, without the presence of others, in order to ensure that she and the children would establish a good contact.\n\nThe Social Council contested the appeal and maintained the reasons set forth in its decision.\n\nThe Administrative Court of Appeal requested the Social Council to obtain the children\u2019s point of view on increased contact with their mother. Consequently, the council met with the children individually but in the presence of their family home parents where they spoke about various things, including how they felt about seeing their mother more often. T. said that she did not want to meet her mother more than twice a year and that she did not want to be alone with her or stay with her. According to T., the meetings were very tiresome, demanding, she had a headache and could not concentrate in school before and after the meetings. She started crying and had a stomach ache during the conversation for which reason they had to cut it short. Following the conversation, she wet her bed at night, cried a lot and said that she was afraid. As for S., he did not want to talk about his mother. He reacted in a negative, frightened manner and almost started crying. He later said that he only wanted to see her once a year and that he did not want to be alone with her. It was noted that he was very anxious and afraid to meet his mother and had strong physical reactions both before and after the meetings, including stuttering, becoming aggressive and being afraid of physical contact. Turning to D. she said that she became tired when meeting her mother and siblings but that it was nice to dress up and eat good food. It was noted that D. was the most positive about the meetings with the applicant but that she did not want to meet with her alone. Moreover, the negative reactions that she had had during earlier meetings had improved somewhat.\n\nIn February 2009 the applicant voluntarily underwent a neuropsychological examination during two days at Stavanger University Hospital, upon request by the Social Council. The council wanted to know if the applicant suffered from a disorder or mental illness and, if so, what support she would need. The examination concluded that the applicant fulfilled the criteria for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) that was mainly inattentive in nature. It recommended supplementary examinations and made a number of proposals for supportive measures, including establishing fixed structures and routines in her daily life. It was also stressed that this specific impairment of her capabilities could hardly be sufficient to \u201cdisqualify her as a parent\u201d.\n\nOn 7 May 2009 the Administrative Court of Appeal upheld the lower court\u2019s judgment in full. It concluded that it would not be in the best interest of the children to increase the applicant\u2019s contact rights further than decided by the lower court, in particular due to the negative reactions of T. and S. before, during and after the meetings.", "applicant": "Eleonor Levin", "offset": 1221, "idx_mapping": [1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1221, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650], "duplicates": 1}
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Hermann Kammerer was born in 1955 and lives in Axams. On 30 June 2004 the Innsbruck District Administrative Authority (Bezirkshauptmannschaft, DAA) issued a provisional penal order (Strafverfügung) against Hermann Kammerer, imposing a fine under the Motor Vehicles Act (Kraftfahrzeuggesetz) for non-compliance with the obligations of registered owners to have their cars inspected on a regular basis for security reasons. On 6 July 2004 Hermann Kammerer lodged an objection to this decision. On 12 July 2004 the DAA issued a penal order (Straferkenntnis) confirming its previous decision and imposing a fine of 72 euros (EUR), with twenty-four hours' imprisonment in case of default, on Hermann Kammerer. Assisted by counsel, Hermann Kammerer appealed on 28 July 2004 to the Tirol Independent Administrative Panel (Unabhängiger Verwaltungssenat, IAP) alleging that he was not responsible for the regular car inspection since the car was permanently used by another person.
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"edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3785, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e23", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em40", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "IAP", "start_offset": 3782}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3833, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e30", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em41", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 June 2005", "start_offset": 3821}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3858, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em42", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 3838}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4018, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em43", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 3998}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4055, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e31", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em44", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 July 2005", "start_offset": 4043}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4083, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e32", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em45", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 4063}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4180, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e32", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em46", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 4160}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4201, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e33", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em47", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "27 January 2006", "start_offset": 4186}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4226, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e32", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em48", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 4206}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 4378, "entity_id": "001-98606_a8_e34", "entity_mention_id": "001-98606_a8_em49", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "EUR 750", "start_offset": 4371}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Hermann Kammerer", "meta": {"applicant": "Hermann Kammerer", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2010}, "doc_id": "001-98606", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 32435/06) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Hermann Kammerer (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 30 July 2006.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr W. Rainer, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Tichy, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged, invoking Article 6 of the Convention, that his right to be heard had been infringed.\n\nOn 18 September 2008 the Court decided to give notice of the application to the Government. Under the provision of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1955 and lives in Axams.\n\nOn 30 June 2004 the Innsbruck District Administrative Authority (Bezirkshauptmannschaft, DAA) issued a provisional penal order (Strafverf\u00fcgung) against the applicant, imposing a fine under the Motor Vehicles Act (Kraftfahrzeuggesetz) for non-compliance with the obligations of registered owners to have their cars inspected on a regular basis for security reasons.\n\nOn 6 July 2004 the applicant lodged an objection to this decision.\n\nOn 12 July 2004 the DAA issued a penal order (Straferkenntnis) confirming its previous decision and imposing a fine of 72 euros (EUR), with twenty-four hours' imprisonment in case of default, on the applicant.\n\nAssisted by counsel, the applicant appealed on 28 July 2004 to the Tirol Independent Administrative Panel (Unabh\u00e4ngiger Verwaltungssenat, IAP) alleging that he was not responsible for the regular car inspection since the car was permanently used by another person. Furthermore he argued that the car had been parked at the same spot for more than five weeks and was not in active use at the relevant time. He also requested that an oral hearing be held in which he and the actual user of the car could be heard as witnesses.\n\nOn 31 January 2005 the IAP scheduled an oral hearing for 22 February 2005.\n\nA summons was served on the applicant's counsel on 3 February 2005, containing the standard text that the accused does not have to appear before the IAP personally but is free to send a representative instead.\n\nOn the morning of 22 February 2005 the replacement of the applicant's counsel informed the IAP that the applicant had been informed about the hearing only a few days before and that he could not attend the hearing since he was ill, neither could the requested witness appear as she was on holiday. He requested an adjournment of the hearing, but the IAP refused.\n\nOn 22 February 2005 the hearing took place in the absence of the applicant but in the presence of his counsel, who again requested that the hearing be adjourned to hear the applicant and the witness. The IAP dismissed the applicant's appeal and only amended a citation of the DAA's decision. It found that even though the car was used by somebody else the applicant, as the registered owner has to check that the car undergoes regular inspections. Therefore, the IAP did not consider it necessary to question the witness. As regards the request for an adjournment of the hearing, the IAP found that the applicant's interests had been taken care of by his counsel and that his presence had therefore not been necessary, all the more so as the facts were clear and it was only questions of law which had to be decided.\n\nOn 4 May 2005 the applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court in which he complained, inter alia, that the IAP had convicted him in absentia.\n\nOn 13 June 2005 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the applicant's case since it did not involve a question of fundamental rights.\n\nAt the request of the applicant the Constitutional Court transmitted the case on 29 July 2005 to the Administrative Court.\n\nOn 15 September 2005 the applicant modified his complaint lodged with the Administrative Court.\n\nOn 27 January 2006 the Administrative Court refused to deal with the applicant's complaint under section 33a of the Administrative Court Act since the amount of the penalty did not exceed EUR 750 and no important legal issue was at stake", "applicant": "Hermann Kammerer", "offset": 968, "idx_mapping": [968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 968, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 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| 1
|
The first applicant was born in 1952 and lives in Hausen (Canton of Aargau). The second applicant, who was born in 1990, is the son of the first applicant. He lives in Egypt. A. The background to the case
The first applicant entered Switzerland in 1997, where he applied for asylum in the same year.
|
{"annotations": {"annotator1": null, "annotator10": null, "annotator11": null, "annotator12": null, "annotator2": null, "annotator3": null, "annotator4": null, "annotator5": null, "annotator6": null, "annotator7": null, "annotator8": {"entity_mentions": [{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 62, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e1", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em1", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "56971/10", "start_offset": 54}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 95, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e2", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em2", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Swiss Confederation", "start_offset": 76}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 265, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e3", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em3", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Switzerland", "start_offset": 254}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 275, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e4", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em4", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Egypt", "start_offset": 270}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 295, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e5", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em5", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Saleh El Ghatet", "start_offset": 277}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 336, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e6", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em6", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Egyptian", "start_offset": 328}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 373, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e7", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em7", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Mohamed Saleh El Ghatet", "start_offset": 347}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 420, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e8", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em8", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "28 September 2010", "start_offset": 403}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 470, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e9", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em9", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr T. Hassan", "start_offset": 458}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 501, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e10", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em10", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Zurich", "start_offset": 495}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 523, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em11", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Swiss Government", "start_offset": 507}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 591, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em12", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr F. 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"001-168377_a8_e3", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em87", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Switzerland", "start_offset": 6703}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6752, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e44", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em88", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Supreme Court", "start_offset": 6731}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 6873, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e54", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em89", "entity_type": "MISC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Tuquabo-Tekle and Others v. the Netherlands", "start_offset": 6830}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6887, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e55", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em90", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "60665/00", "start_offset": 6879}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6904, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e56", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em91", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1 December 2005", "start_offset": 6889}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 7057, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e57", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em92", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Netherlands", "start_offset": 7046}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7160, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e58", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em93", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ethiopia", "start_offset": 7152}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7270, "entity_id": "001-168377_a8_e59", "entity_mention_id": "001-168377_a8_em94", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "7 October 2010", "start_offset": 7256}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Saleh El Ghatet", "meta": {"applicant": "Saleh El Ghatet", "articles": [91, 34, 56, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "CHE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2016}, "doc_id": "001-168377", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 56971/10) against the Swiss Confederation lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a national of both Switzerland and Egypt, Mr Saleh El Ghatet (\u201cthe first applicant\u201d), and an Egyptian national, Mr Mohamed Saleh El Ghatet (\u201cthe second applicant\u201d), on 28 September 2010.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr T. Hassan, a lawyer practising in Zurich. The Swiss Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr F. Sch\u00fcrmann, of the Federal Office of Justice.\n\nThe applicants alleged that the Swiss authorities\u2019 refusal of their request for family reunification constituted a breach of their right to respect for family life as provided in Article 8 of the Convention.\n\nOn 18 January 2011 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe first applicant was born in 1952 and lives in Hausen (Canton of Aargau). The second applicant, who was born in 1990, is the son of the first applicant. He lives in Egypt.\n\nA. The background to the case\n\nThe first applicant entered Switzerland in 1997, where he applied for asylum in the same year. At that time, the second applicant remained in Egypt, where he was cared for by his mother. The first applicant\u2019s asylum application was rejected by the competent authorities.\n\nIn March 1999 the first applicant married a Swiss national and obtained a residence permit. In 2000 a daughter was born to the couple.\n\nIn 2002 the second applicant visited his father in Switzerland for three months based on a tourist visa valid for that period.\n\nIn July 2003 the second applicant re-entered Switzerland for purposes of family reunification with his father.\n\nIn February 2004 the first applicant was granted a permanent residence permit. In August 2004 he obtained Swiss nationality and has since held nationality of both Switzerland and Egypt.\n\nAfter encountering difficulties in school and with his step-mother, the second applicant returned to Egypt in January 2005, where he was cared for by his mother and his paternal grandmother.\n\nIn 2006 the first applicant separated from his spouse. The latter continued to live in Switzerland with the couple\u2019s daughter.\n\nB. The proceedings at issue\n\nOn 1 March 2006 the first applicant lodged a request for family reunification with the second applicant, who was 15 and a half years old at the time and for whom he had custody according to Egyptian law.\n\nOn 15 February 2007 the Migration Office of the Canton of Aargau refused that request.\n\nOn 12 March 2007 the applicant lodged an appeal against that decision with the Legal Unit of the Migration Office of the Canton of Aargau.\n\nOn 6 June 2007 that authority dismissed the appeal.\n\nOn 26 June 2007 the applicant lodged an appeal against that decision with the Court of Appeal in Foreigners\u2019 Law (Rekursgericht im Ausl\u00e4nderrecht) of the Canton of Aargau.\n\nOn 7 September 2007 that court granted the applicant\u2019s appeal. In a very detailed decision it noted that the requirements for family reunification under Article 17 \u00a7 2 third sentence of the Act on the Residence of Foreign Nationals (Bundesgesetz \u00fcber Aufenthalt und Niederlassung der Ausl\u00e4nder, ANAG) were not met (see relevant domestic law and practice paragraphs 31\u201133 below). Largely basing its reasoning on Article 8 of the Convention, it considered, however, that the applicants\u2019 interests in respect for their family life prevailed over those of the public. It ordered the Migration Office of the Canton of Aargau to arrange for a residence permit for the second applicant.\n\nSubsequently, the Migration Office of the Canton of Aargau declared that it would grant a permanent residence permit to the second applicant for purposes of family reunification and, on 28 January 2008, transferred the file to the Federal Office of Migration to seek the required consent. On 4 March 2008 the latter refused to give its consent, finding that the requirements for family reunification were not met and that the decision of the court of the Canton of Aargau was in contradiction to the case-law of the Federal Supreme Court.\n\nOn 4 April 2008 the first applicant lodged an appeal against that decision with the Federal Administrative Court, both in his own name and in that of his son.\n\nOn 30 July 2009 the applicants informed the authorities that the situation of the second applicant had changed. His mother had moved to Kuwait with her new spouse and he was now cared for exclusively by his paternal grandmother.\n\nOn 2 February 2010 the Federal Administrative Court dismissed the appeal. It noted, first, that the requirements for family reunification under Article 17 \u00a7 2 third sentence of the Act on the Residence of Foreign Nationals were not met (see relevant domestic law and practice paragraphs 31-33 below). It found, second, that the applicants could not rely on Article 8 of the Convention, as the second applicant had reached the age of adulthood and was not dependant on the first applicant (see relevant domestic law and practice paragraph 33 below).\n\nOn 8 March 2010 the applicants lodged an appeal against that decision with the Federal Supreme Court.\n\nOn 5 July 2010 the Federal Supreme Court dismissed that appeal. It considered, in particular, that the relationship between the two applicants was not paramount (\u201cvorrangig\u201d), even though the first applicant had the right of custody for the second applicant according to Egyptian law. It noted that the first applicant had not applied for family reunification immediately after his arrival in Switzerland, that the second applicant was cared for by his mother and his grandmother in Egypt until he turned 18 years, that the second applicant had lived almost all of his life in Egypt and had more important social and personal ties to his country of origin, which would be negatively affected if he moved to Switzerland, and that he had returned to Egypt after having stayed with his father in Switzerland for one and a half years. It observed that the first applicant had, thus, at that time, preferred that the second applicant lived with his mother and that the second applicant would face even more severe challenges to integration now than he had during his first stay in Switzerland, given his age. While noting that the first applicant had a close relationship to his daughter in Switzerland and that he could, thus, not be expected to relocate to Egypt to live there with the second applicant, the court noted that the applicants had not submitted sufficient reasons to justify the second applicant\u2019s reunion with his father in Switzerland.\n\nMoreover, the Federal Supreme Court considered that the circumstances of the present case differed from those of Tuquabo-Tekle and Others v. the Netherlands, no. 60665/00, 1 December 2005. The latter concerned a situation where only one parent, the child\u2019s mother, was still alive. The mother had tried to bring her child to the Netherlands as soon as possible after her arrival. Moreover, the child\u2019s grandmother who cared for her in Ethiopia had taken the child out of school against the mother\u2019s will and planned a forced marriage.\n\nOn 7 October 2010 the Court refused to apply Rule 39 of the Rules of the Court.", "applicant": "Saleh El Ghatet", "offset": 954, "idx_mapping": [954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Graham Jason Piper was born in 1948 and lives in Essex. The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, can be summarised as follows. A. Graham Jason Piper’s arrest and trial
Graham Jason Piper was arrested in the Netherlands on 31 January 1999. On 3 February 1999, following transfer to the United Kingdom, he was charged with the attempted importation of 163 kilograms (compressed weight) of cocaine with a potential street value of GBP 11 million.
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Convey", "start_offset": 380}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 426, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e7", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em7", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "London", "start_offset": 420}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 466, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e8", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em8", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Lound Mulrenan Jefferies", "start_offset": 442}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 508, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e9", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em9", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "United Kingdom Government", "start_offset": 483}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 572, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e10", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em10", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Ms Y. 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"end_offset": 25365, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e122", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em184", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "two or three months", "start_offset": 25346}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 27146, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e123", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em185", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 27136}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 27165, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e124", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em186", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "7 December 2011", "start_offset": 27150}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 27260, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e125", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em187", "entity_type": "MISC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "CPS v Piper", "start_offset": 27249}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 27266, "entity_id": "001-153922_a8_e126", "entity_mention_id": "001-153922_a8_em188", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2011", "start_offset": 27262}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Graham Jason Piper", "meta": {"applicant": "Graham Jason Piper", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2015}, "doc_id": "001-153922", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 44547/10) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Mr Graham Jason Piper (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 20 July 2010.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr C. Convey, a barrister practising in London, instructed by Lound Mulrenan Jefferies Solicitors. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms Y. Ahmed, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nOn 26 August 2011 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1948 and lives in Essex. The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, can be summarised as follows.\n\nA. The applicant\u2019s arrest and trial\n\nThe applicant was arrested in the Netherlands on 31 January 1999. On 3 February 1999, following transfer to the United Kingdom, he was charged with the attempted importation of 163 kilograms (compressed weight) of cocaine with a potential street value of GBP 11 million.\n\nPrior to trial, in order to seize and preserve the applicant\u2019s assets for future confiscation in the event of a conviction, the prosecution applied for and obtained a restraint order and the appointment of a receiver under section 26 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 (\u201cthe 1994 Act\u201d). The receiver sought to sell the applicant\u2019s horses immediately and this was successfully challenged by the applicant. In its judgment dated 23 July 1999 the Court of Appeal confirmed that the purpose of the 1994 Act was to preserve the value of assets for the purpose of future confiscation proceedings.\n\nAlso prior to trial, the applicant sought to challenge the admissibility of telephone interception evidence obtained in the Netherlands. He ultimately pursued an appeal to the House of Lords, which delivered its judgment against the applicant on 24 March 2000.\n\nThe trial subsequently commenced in the Crown Court in June 2000. However, after the jury had already retired to consider their verdict a prejudicial document was discovered within the jury bundle. The fault for this lay with the prosecution, a matter admitted at the time. Consequently, on 31 August 2000 the jury were discharged.\n\nA retrial commenced on 6 April 2001. At the start of the retrial the applicant\u2019s counsel pursued an unsuccessful application to stay the proceedings on grounds of hardship suffered as a result of the prosecution\u2019s negligence in causing the first trial to be abandoned.\n\nOn 5 June 2001 the applicant was found guilty of the offences charged. On 6 June 2001 he was sentenced to fourteen years\u2019 imprisonment. He lodged an appeal against sentence, which was unsuccessful. In 2004 he lodged an out-of-time appeal against conviction. He was released from prison in February 2006 and, on 17 November 2006, he abandoned his appeal (see further paragraph 29 below).\n\nB. The confiscation proceedings\n\nThe 1994 Act provides for the making of a confiscation order in the event of a conviction for drug trafficking offences. Accordingly, prior to the sentencing hearing, the prosecution served notice under section 2 of the Act of its intention to seek a confiscation order and a statement under section 11 of the Act containing the prosecution\u2019s assessment of whether the applicant had benefited from drug trafficking and the value of his proceeds of drug trafficking.\n\nAt the sentencing hearing on 6 June 2001, the judge ordered the defence to serve a written response to the prosecution\u2019s statement within six weeks. The defence failed to serve its response within the six-week period. At the prosecution\u2019s request, a further procedural hearing took place on 9 October 2001. At this hearing, the judge was informed that the delay in serving the defence response had been caused by the applicant moving prisons and wishing to instruct new solicitors. The prosecution drew the judge\u2019s attention to section 3 of the 1994 Act, which provided a six-month deadline in respect of the confiscation proceedings. Prosecution counsel indicated that an extension of the deadline might be required. Defence counsel confirmed that the applicant wished to apply for a transfer to new solicitors and agreed that an extension would probably be required as it was unlikely that a fresh legal team would be ready by 6 December 2001 when the current deadline was due to expire. The judge granted a short adjournment of 28 days to resolve the matter of transferring representation.\n\nOn 6 November 2001 the court granted a defence application for the transfer of legal aid. The new defence representative sought an adjournment of three weeks to allow new counsel to receive the papers and take instructions from the applicant. The prosecution did not oppose the application but reminded the judge that under section 3 of the 1994 Act, the judge needed to find \u201cexceptional circumstances\u201d before the timetable could be extended beyond the six-month deadline. Defence counsel was unable to address the judge on the point of \u201cexceptional circumstances\u201d owing to his lack of familiarity with the case. Accordingly, the matter was adjourned to 4 December 2001 to review progress.\n\nOn 4 December 2001 defence counsel indicated to the judge that, owing to the complexities of the case, he would not have a defence response prepared before Easter 2002. He also indicated that a contested hearing, which the parties now appeared to consider necessary, would require a two-week time estimate. The judge was again referred to section 3 of the 1994 Act and it was decided with the agreement of all parties to postpone the confiscation timetable to the end of May 2002 pursuant to the court\u2019s powers under that section. The judge suggested a provisional date of 20 May 2002 for the substantive confiscation hearing.\n\nAt a hearing on 25 January 2002, the defence gave notice that it wished to challenge the validity of the postponement of the confiscation hearing on the basis that the Crown Court had no jurisdiction because procedural requirements had not been properly followed by the judge at the hearing on 4 December 2001. The judge set a timetable for the service of skeleton arguments on the jurisdiction point and fixed 14 March 2002 for legal argument on the matter.\n\nIn early March, as a result of informal discussions between junior counsel for both sides regarding a case pending before the Court of Appeal on the jurisdiction point, the 14 March 2002 date was vacated. In the event, the pending appeal case was subsequently conceded by the prosecution so no oral argument took place in that case. A review hearing in the applicant\u2019s case was scheduled for 22 March 2002.\n\nPrior to the hearing on 22 March 2002 it became apparent that the parties had misunderstood each other in agreeing to vacate the 14 March 2002 date. Counsel for the defence had understood that if the appeal in the other case was decided in the appellant\u2019s favour, the prosecution in the applicant\u2019s case would terminate the confiscation proceedings against him. Counsel for the prosecution denied that such an undertaking was ever made. Counsel for the defence indicated his intention to argue abuse of process on the basis that an undertaking had been given and was then reneged upon.\n\nOn 22 March 2002, the prosecution indicated its intention to proceed with the confiscation hearing on 20 May 2002, as planned. The defence requested that legal argument on jurisdiction and abuse of process be postponed to suit the diary of leading counsel. The judge noted that it was \u201ca supreme irony frankly ... that this case was adjourned solely for Mr Piper\u2019s benefit and he now has the temerity to say that there is no jurisdiction to try him.\u201d He also commented that since the prosecution had produced its statement under section 11 of the 1994 Act before the sentencing hearing on 6 June 2001, Mr Piper had done absolutely nothing. The judge indicated his preference for retention of the May date for the substantive hearing with any legal argument to take place beforehand, suggesting that alternative leading counsel could be found. Defence counsel proposed instead that the May date be set down for legal argument and after that, unless the confiscation proceedings had fallen away, the defence would serve their response by the end of May. The judge reluctantly put back the substantive confiscation proceedings until 13 June 2002, noting that he was \u201cvery loath to have further slippage than is absolutely necessary\u201d.\n\nOn 22, 23 and 27 May 2002 two defence applications submitted by newly instructed leading counsel were heard. The first was to stay the confiscation proceedings on grounds of abuse of process; the second was for an order declaring that there was no jurisdiction to continue the confiscation proceedings on account of the judge having failed to observe the proper procedural requirements when he postponed the confiscation hearing on 4 December 2001.\n\nIn his ruling of 27 May 2002 the judge found, in relation to the jurisdiction point that the original adjournment was to afford the defence more time, that no defence response had been forthcoming to the prosecution statement and that further delay had been caused by the applicant wishing to instruct new solicitors. He indicated that he had listed the case on 4 December 2001, two days before the six-month time-limit expired, and that on that date he had postponed the listing to 31 May 2002 in compliance with section 3 of the 1994 Act. He further found that no prejudice had been caused to the applicant as a result of the postponement. Accordingly, he concluded that the court had jurisdiction to deal with the confiscation proceedings. On the issue of abuse of process, the judge ruled that there had been a misunderstanding between counsel as to whether any undertaking had been given and that no abuse therefore arose. Following the ruling, the confiscation proceedings were adjourned and fixed for September 2002 to allow the defence to prepare their case.\n\nFurther argument then took place in relation to the jurisdiction point following a Court of Appeal judgment on 27 June 2002 in which a confiscation order was quashed following a finding that a Crown Court judge had not complied with the requirements of section 3 of the 1994 Act. The applicant asked the judge to reconsider his ruling of 27 May 2002. The judge considered the applicant\u2019s case to be distinguishable on the facts. However, on the request of the defence and following advice from both parties that an interlocutory appeal could be completed quickly and that the September 2002 confiscation hearing would not need to be vacated, he certified the point as fit for appeal to the Court of Appeal.\n\nThe applicant duly lodged an appeal on the jurisdiction point. For unknown reasons, matters proceeded more slowly than the parties had expected and the September confiscation hearing did not go ahead. A further judgment in a similar appeal was handed down by the Court of Appeal on 16 December 2002 (R v Knights (Richard Michael) and others [2002] EWCA Crim 2954). An appeal against that judgment was lodged with the House of Lords.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s case was adjourned further in December 2002 and February 2003 on application by him under section 3 of the 1994 Act, the \u201cexceptional circumstances\u201d being the pending House of Lords appeals. The parties were requested to keep the court updated. The applicant was subsequently informed by letter from the Court of Appeal dated 24 March 2003 that a question had been certified for the House of Lords in the case of Knights and others and that all similar appeals, including his own, would be held in abeyance until that appeal had been decided by the House of Lords.\n\nAs a result of this, and disclosure issues in relation to the receiver, the matter was further postponed in September 2003 until 9 January 2004 by which time the House of Lords had not issued a judgment in Knights and others. The judge allowed a one-week adjournment to obtain an update from the judicial office of the House of Lords. He was reminded by the applicant that he would again need to formally postpone the confiscation hearing. The judge proposed a further six-month postponement, on the proviso that he be provided with more up to date information in a week\u2019s time and that if the proceedings could be listed and dealt with before the six-month period had expired, the parties should arrange this. Both counsel agreed.\n\nFurther hearings took place in June and July 2004. However, the House of Lords had still not issued a judgment. Further postponements were ordered.\n\nOn 27 September 2004 the judge was informed that the applicant had lodged an out-of-time appeal with the Court of Appeal against his conviction. Accordingly, there was little point in fixing a date for a substantive hearing in the confiscation proceedings. The applicant suggested a postponement to June of 2005. The judge agreed to the postponement on condition that the parties kept him informed of any progress in the meantime.\n\nOn 21 July 2005 the House of Lords handed down their judgments in two jurisdiction appeals (R v Knights and others [2005] UKHL 50; and R v Soneji and another [2005] UKHL 49). It upheld the confiscation orders, stating that any prejudice caused to the defendants by delay was outweighed by the public interest in not allowing convicted offenders to escape confiscation for bona fide errors in the judicial process.\n\nOn 28 July 2005 a procedural hearing was held in the Crown Court in the applicant\u2019s case. The applicant\u2019s counsel acknowledged that the House of Lords judgment effectively ruled out the prospect of a successful appeal on jurisdiction. The applicant requested a further adjournment to allow the parties to discuss matters further and agree amongst themselves a convenient date in September for the next hearing. The judge agreed to an adjournment. It is unclear whether a hearing took place in September or whether further adjournments were agreed in light of the applicant\u2019s pending appeal against conviction.\n\nIn the meantime, from October to December 2005, separate hearings were held in the Court of Appeal relating to the applicant\u2019s appeal against conviction. On 1 February 2006, the applicant was released from prison, having served half of his sentence. On 17 November 2006, apparently following adverse outcomes on various issues relating to his appeal, the applicant abandoned his appeal against conviction.\n\nOn 8 December 2006 at a review hearing in the confiscation proceedings, the applicant informed the court that he had a large number of witnesses and a great deal of work was yet to be done. The applicant\u2019s counsel gave notice of a potential abuse argument arising from the deaths of two of his witnesses. The judge fixed a timetable for further proceedings, including the lodging of an amended \u201csection 11 statement\u201d by the prosecution and reply by the applicant. The matter was listed for a hearing in late January 2007. The prosecution served the amended statement in January 2007. At the hearing on 25 January 2007 it was agreed to seek suitable dates in April 2007.\n\nAt a directions hearing on 16 April 2007 the applicant\u2019s counsel again raised issues relating to the volume of work and requested until the end of May to respond to the prosecution\u2019s \u201csection 11 statement\u201d. The judge extended the deadline to 1 June 2007 and ordered that the prosecution serve any further response within four weeks. A procedural hearing was agreed for 6 July 2007. The judge further extended the deadline for the confiscation hearing on the grounds of \u201cexceptional circumstances\u201d, stating that this was \u201ca wholly exceptional case\u201d.\n\nAt the procedural hearing on 6 July 2007 the applicant proposed November 2007 for the substantive confiscation hearing and assured the judge that the hearing would not last longer than a week. The judge was scheduled to start a complex trial on 12 November 2007 to last until Christmas. He therefore listed the applicant\u2019s case for 6 November 2007. On 1 November 2007 the parties appeared before the judge. The applicant\u2019s counsel informed the judge that, contrary to previous advice to the court, one week would be insufficient for the substantive hearing as he now wished to call more witnesses than had originally been indicated. The judge\u2019s other commitments precluded a rescheduled hearing taking place before Christmas and counsel could not agree on dates after Christmas. The judge decided to keep the hearing fixed for 6 November 2007 to clarify the situation as to dates. The matter was further adjourned at hearings that took place in November 2007 and December 2007. The substantive hearing was listed for 20 July 2008, with a time estimate of two weeks, but in fact lasted four days from 22 to 24 July 2008.\n\nThe judge delivered his ruling on the confiscation on 19 December 2008. He identified the total amount of the applicant\u2019s benefit from criminal conduct as GBP 1,840,563. He found the principal realisable asset to be a farm, which was valued at GBP 690,000. A confiscation order was made, with a three-year term of imprisonment to be served consecutive to the main sentence in default of payment. In his judgment, the judge also addressed the question of delay, noting that the delay incurred resulted partly from the applicant\u2019s desire to challenge the jurisdiction of the court, partly from his appeal to the Court of Appeal and partly from his decision to change his legal representatives.\n\nOn 11 February 2009 the applicant requested the judge to vary the confiscation order and reopen his findings on the delay issue on the basis of the judgment of this Court in Bullen and Soneji v. the United Kingdom, no. 3383/06, 8 January 2009. The judge declined, noting that it was now for the applicant to seek other remedies.\n\nC. Proceedings before the Court of Appeal\n\nThe applicant applied, out of time,0 to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal the confiscation order. He argued, first, that the judge had erred in including the current value of the farm within the benefit figure of the proceeds of drug trafficking; and, secondly, that the delay in the disposal of the confiscation proceedings had breached his right to a fair trial and to a trial within a reasonable time under Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nAn oral hearing took place before the full court to decide upon both leave to appeal and the merits on 17 March 2010. The Court of Appeal granted leave to appeal but dismissed the appeal itself, upholding the confiscation order and finding no violation of Article 6 \u00a7 1. As regards the delay complaint, the court considered the whole period from the applicant\u2019s arrest in January 1999 to the making of the confiscation order in December 2008. It indicated that the delay: \u201c3. ... raises a prima facie case of a significant breach of Article 6. Unless there is a satisfactory explanation for it, it is a chronology which is way, way below the standards which are expected and achieved in the courts of this country. ...\n\n... We start with the proposition that the passage of such a length of time as we have described calls for the most careful investigation and detailed justification. It is simply on the face of it well beyond acceptable.\u201d\n\nThe court found that the period from the applicant\u2019s arrest in January 1999 to the conclusion of his first trial on 31 August 2000 was wholly unexceptional and reasonable. As to the period between the discharge of the jury in the first trial to the conclusion of the second trial in June 2001, a period of ten months, the court accepted that the abandonment of the first trial was the fault of the prosecution, noting: \u201c11. ... The trial had to start all over again. It was not concluded by conviction at the end of the second trial until 5th June 2001. There is thus a period of 10 months from 31st August 2000 until 5th June 2001 which was an unnecessary delay attributable to the error, although in good faith, made on behalf of the prosecution by some junior clerk. That period is therefore potentially available to be considered as the responsibility of the State.\u201d\n\nThe court then examined the delay from the end of the second trial in June 2001 until July 2005, when the House of Lords\u2019 judgment in the jurisdiction appeals was handed down. It observed that at the outset of this period, the confiscation proceedings were moving in good time. The court considered that there would have been a hearing of the confiscation question in about the spring or early summer of 2002, if that probable timetable had not been overtaken by the applicant\u2019s challenge to the court\u2019s jurisdiction, of which the court noted;. \u201c14. ... He was entitled to do so. The issue was raised before the trial judge in the early part of 2002 ... The controversy as to the correct construction of the confiscation legislation was not resolved until the decision of the House of Lords in R v Bullen and Soneji ... In fact the question raised and decided went further than simply the confiscation legislation. It bore on a broader question of when technical failure to abide exactly by prescribed procedure has the effect of nullifying the subsequent actions of courts which is, of course, a very large general question.\u201d The Court of Appeal considered that it was in the applicant\u2019s interests to await the eventual authoritative ruling of the House of Lords. It therefore concluded that the delay that arose in this respect could not be criticised.\n\nIn the period from July 2005 until the applicant abandoned his appeal against conviction in November 2006, the court considered that the delay was the result of the appeal lodged \u201clong out of time\u201d, noting: \u201c17. ... Whilst an appeal against conviction was outstanding there could not of course sensibly be a confiscation hearing because if the defendant\u2019s conviction disappeared so would any prospect of confiscation.\u201d The court observed that the applicant had engaged a third counsel for the appeal, and pursued it on grounds that had never been supported by those who had conducted his trial. It further noted that the various grounds advanced by the applicant fell away one by one over that period, but one of them remained and was not finally laid to rest until November 2006. The court concluded: \u201c19. ... The simple fact is that the appeal on this ground, as on the others, had always been without any proper basis or merit. It is this additional period to which we referred prospectively earlier on as an example of the defendant taking the course that he is quite entitled to do \u2013 leaving no legal stone unturned \u2013 but adding to the passage of time as a result. We are satisfied that nothing in that period can be called unreasonable delay attributable to the act or omission of the State.\u201d\n\nAs regards the period between November 2006 and December 2008, when the confiscation order was eventually made, the Court of Appeal noted that the parties had returned promptly to the Crown Court for the resumption of the confiscation issue within a fortnight of the abandonment of the appeal against conviction. It was apparent at the hearing of 8 December 2006 that the prosecution was pressing for a short timetable. The applicant\u2019s representatives, on the other hand, wanted a longer timetable and were seeking additional time on the grounds that they had an enormous volume of work and would be calling a large number of witnesses, and might even be mounting an abuse argument on the grounds that some potential witnesses had died. Hearings were adjourned owing to the applicant\u2019s applications. Although the Court of Appeal did not blame the applicant for his conduct, the court made it clear that any additional passage of time as a result of that conduct was not attributable to any act of the State. It observed in particular that: \u201c20. ... At one such hearing, in January 2007, the defendant through his lawyers indicated that there would be no less than 49 witnesses necessary to be examined at the confiscation hearing ... [that] was eventually set down for November, taking into account the potentially large number of witnesses and time that would be needed. At that stage the estimate, which according to English practice will have been an estimate contributed to by both parties, was five days. That is a very long time for a confiscation hearing but if the time has to be found it has to be found. However, that date had to be broken on the application of the defendant because they assured the judge that they had so many witnesses to call that in fact 14 days would be needed, that is three court weeks, to hear the confiscation question. In the end, the defendant called five (not 49) witnesses and one of those was himself.\u201d\n\nThe court commented on the time taken by the Crown Court judge to deliver his ruling (some four and a half months after the conclusion of the confiscation hearing) as follows: \u201c22. ... We do not doubt that that will be attributable to the demands made on the judges at the Central Criminal Court, but it is too long and that period, or at least part of it, is no doubt the responsibility of the State. Judgments of this kind ought to be delivered within, at the very least, two or three months.\u201d\n\nLooking at the passage of time as a whole, the court concluded that there had not been in the applicant\u2019s case unreasonable delay attributable to the acts of the State. The court also considered the impact of the passage of time upon the applicant, and acknowledged that he and his wife lived throughout this time with the uncertainty of whether they would lose his family home. However, given that his assets remained the same throughout the whole period and that he continued to enjoy his home which might have otherwise been taken from him earlier, the court had very little doubt about where the balance of advantage lay. It concluded: \u201c25. The reality of this case is that this was a defendant of resourceful approach who deployed every possible legal stratagem to delay the confiscation process. He cannot now be heard to say that as a result of his having succeeded in delaying it, it has become unfair for the confiscation order to proceed. If there had been unreasonable delay attributable to the State, in the absence of any possible damage to the defendant beyond the very limited uncertainty that we have mentioned we are quite satisfied that this could not possibly have been a case in which the appropriate remedy would have been a stay of the confiscation process for abuse of process. There would simply have been nothing remotely unfair about the defendant eventually having to disgorge the confiscation which was the consequence of his offending. The appropriate remedy would, hypothetically, as it seems to us, have been a declaration. But that does not in the end arise. It follows that the substantive ground ... in relation to Article 6 fails.\u201d\n\nSince the lodging of his application to this Court, a further judgment has been handed down by the High Court on 7 December 2011, substantially reducing the amount of assets payable under the confiscation order (CPS v Piper [2011] EWHC 3570 (Admin)).", "applicant": "Graham Jason Piper", "offset": 721, "idx_mapping": [721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 721, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Mr Prem Singh was born in 1957 and is currently resident in Wakefield, West Yorkshire. On 19 February 1973, Prem Singh - then aged 15 - was convicted at Leeds Crown Court of the murder of a 72-year-old woman. He had broken into her home, strangled her, cut her throat and had sexual intercourse with her at around the time of her death. Mr Singh received a mandatory sentence of detention “during Her Majesty’s pleasure“ pursuant to section 53 (1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (as amended) (see paragraph 29 below). Its effect was to render Prem Singh “liable to be detained in such a place and under such conditions as the Secretary of State [for the Home Department] may direct“.
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"related_mentions": null, "span_text": "16 March 1995", "start_offset": 12620}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12654, "entity_id": "001-57984_a8_e64", "entity_mention_id": "001-57984_a8_em130", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Divisional Court", "start_offset": 12638}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12816, "entity_id": "001-57984_a8_e48", "entity_mention_id": "001-57984_a8_em131", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Singh", "start_offset": 12808}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 13142, "entity_id": "001-57984_a8_e81", "entity_mention_id": "001-57984_a8_em132", "entity_type": "MISC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Prem Singh (no. 2), unreported", "start_offset": 13053}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13163, "entity_id": "001-57984_a8_e82", "entity_mention_id": "001-57984_a8_em133", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "September 1995", "start_offset": 13149}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13172, "entity_id": "001-57984_a8_e48", "entity_mention_id": "001-57984_a8_em134", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Singh", "start_offset": 13164}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13262, "entity_id": "001-57984_a8_e83", "entity_mention_id": "001-57984_a8_em135", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 March 1996", "start_offset": 13249}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Prem Singh", "meta": {"applicant": "Prem Singh", "articles": [91, 34, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1996}, "doc_id": "001-57984", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court on 8 December 1994 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c) and on 23 December 1994 by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (\u201cthe Government\u201c), within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 23389/94) against the United Kingdom lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) on 25 January 1994 by a British citizen, Mr Prem Singh. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the United Kingdom recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46); the Government\u2019s application referred to Article 48 (art. 48). The object of the request and of the application was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 5 para. 4 (art. 5-4) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3 (d) of Rules of Court A, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe President of the Court decided that in the interests of the proper administration of justice this case and the case of Hussain v. the United Kingdom (no. 55/1994/502/584) should be heard by the same Chamber (Rule 21 para. 6) and that a joint hearing should be held. The Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Sir John Freeland, the elected judge of British nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). On 27 January 1995, in the presence of the Registrar, the President drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr F. G\u00f6lc\u00fckl\u00fc, Mr R. Macdonald, Mr A. Spielmann, Mr N. Valticos, Mrs E. Palm, Mr F. Bigi and Mr P. Jambrek (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5), Mr Ryssdal, acting through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the Government, the applicant\u2019s lawyer and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 37 para. 1 and 38). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, the Registrar received the Government\u2019s memorial on 13 April 1995 and the applicant\u2019s memorial on 3 May. The Secretary to the Commission informed the Registrar that the Delegate would submit his observations at the hearing.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 27 September 1995. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr I. Christie, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Agent, Mr D. Pannick QC, Mr M. Shaw, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Mr H. Carter, Mr H. Bayne, Mr R. Harrington, Home Office, Advisers; (b) for the Commission Mr N. Bratza, Delegate; (c) for the applicant Mr E. Fitzgerald QC, Mr J. Cooper, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Mr R. King, Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mr Bratza, Mr Fitzgerald and Mr Pannick.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nMr Prem Singh was born in 1957 and is currently resident in Wakefield, West Yorkshire.\n\nOn 19 February 1973, the applicant - then aged 15 - was convicted at Leeds Crown Court of the murder of a 72-year-old woman. He had broken into her home, strangled her, cut her throat and had sexual intercourse with her at around the time of her death. Mr Singh received a mandatory sentence of detention \u201cduring Her Majesty\u2019s pleasure\u201c pursuant to section 53 (1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (as amended) (see paragraph 29 below). Its effect was to render the applicant \u201cliable to be detained in such a place and under such conditions as the Secretary of State [for the Home Department] may direct\u201c.\n\nIn October 1990, having served the punitive part of his sentence (\u201ctariff\u201c - see paragraph 33 below), Mr Singh was released on licence.\n\nOn 11 March 1991 the applicant was arrested and interviewed at Southmead police station, Bristol, in connection with a number of alleged offences involving deception, and one of using threatening behaviour. He denied the allegations.\n\nOn 12 March 1991 the Parole Board considered Mr Singh\u2019s case, and on 21 March 1991 his life licence was revoked by the Secretary of State on its recommendation. On 21 March 1991 the applicant received a formal notice of the reasons for this decision, which he was entitled to by virtue of section 62 (3) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 (see paragraph 43 below). It informed him that the Secretary of State had revoked his licence in the light of: \u201c(i) Reports indicating that you had lied to and misledyour supervising officers and avoided telling them of avariety of significant events following your release onlicence. (ii) Your arrest and subsequent appearances beforeBristol Magistrates on several criminal charges includingfraud and using threatening behaviour, set against thecircumstances surrounding the offence for which you weregiven a life sentence in 1973, make it impossible for theSecretary of State to be satisfied that your continuedpresence in the community did not constitute a risk tothe public.\u201c\n\nOn 27 August 1991, having complained to the Avon Probation Service about its recommendation, Mr Singh received a more detailed explanation of his recall in a letter from the chief probation officer. The reason given for his recall was not the alleged offences (which were a matter for the court), but rather his failure to provide accurate information about his circumstances to his supervising probation officer. The letter cited specifically his failure to inform her about the purchase of a motor vehicle; getting a job and giving false information to his employers about his age and character; having a relationship and not telling his girlfriend all about his background; and falling into arrears with his rent.\n\nMr Singh denied the accuracy of most of these allegations, and asked the Parole Board to review the merits of the revocation of his licence. Under section 62 (4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 (now section 39 (4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 - see paragraph 43 below), the Parole Board was empowered at this stage to take a binding decision for Mr Singh\u2019s immediate release.\n\nThe Parole Board considered the applicant\u2019s case on 27 August and 19 December 1991. It had before it a number of reports from the probation service and the police, none of which was disclosed to the applicant. On 19 December 1991 the Board decided against recommending Mr Singh\u2019s immediate release. He was not told the reasons for this decision.\n\nOn 2 March 1992 the criminal charges against Mr Singh (see paragraph 9 above) were dismissed because the prosecution had presented the indictment out of time. Mr Singh asked for his case to be reconsidered in the light of this development, and the Secretary of State accordingly referred it back to the Parole Board, under the procedure set out in section 61 (1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 (see paragraph 34 below). On 30 July 1992 the Board again declined to recommend Mr Singh\u2019s release.\n\nThe applicant then sought judicial review (see paragraph 47 below) of the two decisions of the Parole Board of 19 December 1991 and 30 July 1992. On 20 April 1993 the Divisional Court quashed the Parole Board\u2019s decision of 19 December 1991 on the ground that there had been a breach of natural justice because of the Board\u2019s failure to disclose to Mr Singh all the reports before it. The court held that the applicant was entitled to a fresh consideration by the Parole Board under the terms of section 39 (4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1991, at which the Board would be empowered to order (not merely to recommend) his release (see paragraph 43 below). Lord Justice Evans found, inter alia, that: \u201c[Mr Singh\u2019s] status is that of a person whose continueddetention can only be justified if the test ofdangerousness, meaning an unacceptable risk of physicaldanger to the life or limb of the public, is satisfied\u201c(R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, exparte Prem Singh, unreported, transcript pp. 26F-27B) He further commented that the disclosed facts \u201cscarcely seem able to support a positive answer to [this question]\u201c.\n\nAs a result of the Divisional Court\u2019s decision, Mr Singh received a complete file of the documents which were before the Parole Board. This included a number of detailed probation reports alleging deception of his supervising officers by Mr Singh, and also several hundred pages of witness statements obtained by the police in connection with the criminal charges which had been dismissed (see paragraphs 9 and 14 above).\n\nWith the help of his solicitor, Mr Singh made written representations to the Parole Board. He denied the allegations contained in the letter from the chief probation officer that he had deceived his supervising probation officer (see paragraph 11 above) and supported his case with witness statements from his girlfriend and landlady.\n\nOn 18 June 1993 the Parole Board considered Mr Singh\u2019s case. He was not permitted to be present at the review and had no opportunity to give oral evidence or to question those who had made allegations against him. The Board decided not to recommend release, and gave the following reasons: \u201cThe Panel accepted that Mr Singh\u2019s representationsanswered some matters which were of concern to hisprobation officer. However, there was a lack of opennessin his dealings with the Probation Service. The Panelalso considered that the conduct which led to thecriminal charges indicated a serious kind ofdeceptiveness. His behaviour under supervision led thePanel to conclude that the nature of his personality andbehaviour had not changed significantly since theoriginal offence at the age of 15. His failure to complywith the discipline of licence supervision, bearing inmind the original offence, gives rise to considerableconcern.\u201c\n\nMr Singh applied for judicial review of this decision, but he withdrew his application on or about 7 March 1994 because he had been offered an early review of his case by the Parole Board.\n\nIn June 1994 the Parole Board reconsidered Mr Singh\u2019s case in accordance with section 35 (2) of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 (see paragraph 35 below). Mr Singh entered detailed representations and the file before the Board was disclosed to him; it contained recent reports from probation officers, from a psychologist working with Mr Singh and from the Local Review Committee (see paragraph 46 below). All the reports which made a specific recommendation were in favour of the applicant\u2019s release as soon as possible via a pre-release hostel.\n\nAs the applicant was informed on 21 July 1994 the Parole Board unanimously recommended his release subject to six months in a pre-release employment scheme. The reasons given were as follows: \u201cOn the evidence presented to [the panel], theyconsidered Prem Singh no longer constituted a danger tolife or limb of committing further life threateningoffences to justify his continued detention since hisrecall in March 1991.\u201c\n\nThe applicant was also informed on 21 July 1994 that the Secretary of State was \u201cnot prepared to accept this recommendation and [did not agree] to [the applicant\u2019s] release\u201c. The Secretary of State so decided in exercise of his statutory powers (see paragraph 43 below).\n\nBy a communication of 8 September 1994 the applicant was given the reasons for the Secretary of State\u2019s decision. These were that Mr Singh had misled the probation service after his release in October 1990 and had appeared before the magistrates on several criminal charges, although these had subsequently been dismissed on technical grounds. Thus, he had been recalled to prison \u201cfollowing serious breaches of the trust placed in [him] as a life licensee\u201c. The Secretary of State was unable to assess accurately whether he was still a threat to the public, because he had spent the three and a quarter years since his recall in a closed prison. He considered that Mr Singh\u2019s relationship with the probation service needed to be tested in the \u201cmore challenging environment of an open prison\u201c. For these reasons, he believed that Mr Singh should be transferred to an open prison for further testing. His next formal review by the Parole Board would begin in October 1995.\n\nMr Singh applied for judicial review of the Secretary of State\u2019s decision. On 16 March 1995 the Divisional Court quashed the Secretary of State\u2019s decision and ordered him to reconsider it. The court found, inter alia, that the correct test to be applied was whether Mr Singh constituted a danger to the \u201clife or limb\u201c of the public, and that the reasoning process of the Secretary of State had been flawed because he had not properly explained how the findings he had made related to the test of dangerousness (R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Prem Singh (no. 2), unreported).\n\nIn September 1995 Mr Singh joined a pre-release employment scheme. 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| 1
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Terence Perkinss were born in 1969 and 1972 and live in London and Surrey respectively. A. The first applicant
On 11 February 1991 the first applicant joined the Royal Navy as a medical assistant and worked in a Royal Navy hospital. He signed on for 22 years of service. Between 1992 and 1995 he passed several professional examinations, described as being “for advancement and sub-specialisation”.
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12650, "entity_id": "001-60695_a8_e50", "entity_mention_id": "001-60695_a8_em108", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "17 February 1998", "start_offset": 12634}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 13122, "entity_id": "001-60695_a8_e71", "entity_mention_id": "001-60695_a8_em109", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Employment Appeal Tribunal", "start_offset": 13096}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13137, "entity_id": "001-60695_a8_e72", "entity_mention_id": "001-60695_a8_em110", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "22 May 1998", "start_offset": 13126}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13236, "entity_id": "001-60695_a8_e6", "entity_mention_id": "001-60695_a8_em111", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 July 1998", "start_offset": 13224}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13318, "entity_id": "001-60695_a8_e73", "entity_mention_id": "001-60695_a8_em112", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "23 July 1998", "start_offset": 13306}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13349, "entity_id": "001-60695_a8_e71", "entity_mention_id": "001-60695_a8_em113", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Employment Appeal Tribunal", "start_offset": 13323}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": ["annotator8"], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Terence Perkins", "meta": {"applicant": "Terence Perkins", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2002}, "doc_id": "001-60695", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in two applications (nos. 43208/98 and 44875/98) against the United Kingdom lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two United Kingdom nationals, Mr Terence Perkins and Ms R. (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 13 July 1998 and 15 September 1998, respectively.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr S. Grosz, a solicitor practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr C. Whomersley, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicants alleged that an investigation into their sexuality and their discharge from the Royal Navy on the basis of their homosexuality as a result of the absolute policy against the presence of homosexuals in the armed forces that existed at the time violated their rights under Article 8, alone and in conjunction with Article 14 of the Convention.\n\nThe applications were transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe applications were allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nOn 23 February 1999 the Chamber decided to join the proceedings in the applications (Rule 43 \u00a7 1). Following a request from the second applicant, the President of the Third Section decided that her identity should be kept confidential.\n\nThe applications were declared admissible by the Court on 5 September 2000.\n\nThe Chamber decided that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine).\n\nThe applicants\u2019 claims for just satisfaction pursuant to Article 41 of the Convention were received on 6 November 2000 and on 16 January 2001 the Government\u2019s observations on those claims were received. Thereafter there was a further exchange of comments between the parties in correspondence.\n\nOn 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Fourth Section.\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants were born in 1969 and 1972 and live in London and Surrey respectively.\n\nA. The first applicant\n\nOn 11 February 1991 the first applicant joined the Royal Navy as a medical assistant and worked in a Royal Navy hospital. He signed on for 22 years of service. Between 1992 and 1995 he passed several professional examinations, described as being \u201cfor advancement and sub-specialisation\u201d. His naval character was assessed as being \u201cvery good\u201d for every year that he served in the Royal Navy and he was granted a good conduct badge on 11 February 1995. On his \u2018Efficiency Record\u2019 he was noted to have \u201cmade an excellent initial impression\u201d and to be \u201cvery capable\u201d during 1992; in 1993 it was noted that he \u201cneeds to show more initiative\u201d; and in 1994 it was recorded that he was \u201cstill quiet but improving\u201d, had \u201cgood computer skills\u201d and was a \u201cgood worker\u201d. His efficiency assessments between 1992 and 1995 rated him as \u201csatisfactory\u201d on four occasions and as \u201csuperior\u201d on two occasions.\n\nOn 1 August 1995 the first applicant was interviewed by the Special Investigations Branch (\u201cSIB\u201d) of the Royal Navy, as a result of the receipt of information by the naval authorities that he was homosexual.\n\nThe first applicant confirmed at the outset that the interview took place with his consent and that he was homosexual. Thereafter, the interview continued for about a further 10 minutes. During that time the first applicant was questioned about his sexual practices with, and about the age of, his current partner. He was asked whether his partner was a civilian and about the identities of his former partners in the service (a number of questions were raised in this respect). The interviewers then explained to the first applicant that the purpose of the interview was to see if any \u2018offences\u2019 had been committed and they continued questioning him. He was asked, inter alia, whether he had committed sexual acts with anyone under 18 years of age, how long he had known that he was homosexual, how many relationships he had had, whether he had been induced to become a practising homosexual since he joined the navy and about his sexual practices with his past and current partners. The first applicant was further asked whether he was HIV positive and if he knew whether his current partner was HIV positive.\n\nAfter the interview the first applicant was informed that he would be discharged pursuant to the Ministry of Defence\u2019s policy against homosexuals serving in the armed forces. The discharge took effect on 24 October 1995. At the time of his discharge the first applicant held the position of leading medical assistant.\n\nOn 24 January 1996 the first applicant applied for leave to take judicial review proceedings on the basis that the blanket policy against homosexuals serving in the armed forces was \u201cirrational\u201d, that it was in breach of Articles 8 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights and that it was contrary to the EU Council Directive on the Implementation of the Principle of Equal Treatment for Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, Vocational Training and Promotion and Working Conditions 76/207/EEC (\u201cthe Equal Treatment Directive\u201d).\n\nHis application was stayed pending the outcome of the case of R. v. Ministry of Defence, ex parte Smith and Others ([1996] 2 WLR 305) which raised similar issues and was determined on 19 March 1996, when the House of Lords dismissed petitions for leave to appeal.\n\nThe first applicant renewed his application for leave to take judicial review proceedings following the decision, on 30 April 1996, of the European Court of Justice (\u201cECJ\u201d) that transsexuals were protected from discrimination on grounds of their transsexuality under European Community law (P. v. S. and Cornwall County Council [1996] Industrial Relations Law Reports 347).\n\nOn 3 July 1996 the applicant was granted leave to take judicial review proceedings.\n\nOn 7 March 1997, at the substantive judicial review application, the first applicant argued that a reference to the ECJ pursuant to former Article 177 of the Treaty of Rome should be made. In its judgment of 13 March 1997 the High Court stayed the first applicant\u2019s judicial review application and referred questions to the ECJ on the Equal Treatment Directive. The High Court questioned whether Article 2.1 of that directive (prohibiting discrimination \u201con grounds of sex\u201d) applied to discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and, if so, whether the policy of the Ministry of Defence against homosexuals was capable in law of justification under Article 2.2 of that directive (R. v. the Secretary of State for Defence, ex parte Perkins, judgment of 13 March 1997).\n\nOn 17 February 1998 the ECJ found that Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome and the Equal Pay Directive (EU Council Directive 75/117/EEC, also prohibiting discrimination \u201con grounds of sex\u201d) did not apply to discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation (Grant v. South West Trains Ltd [1998] ICR 449).\n\nOn 2 March 1998, in the light of the decision in Grant, the Administrator of the ECJ wrote to the High Court enquiring whether the High Court wished to withdraw its reference to the ECJ in the first applicant\u2019s case. On 13 July 1998, following a hearing between the parties, the High Court ordered the withdrawal of its reference in the first applicant\u2019s case. Leave to appeal that decision was refused by the High Court. On 15 July 1998, two Queen\u2019s Counsel advised the first applicant against an appeal to the Court of Appeal on the grounds that such an appeal did not have any prospects of success.\n\nB. The second applicant\n\nOn 30 July 1990 the second applicant joined the Royal Navy. She signed on for 22 years of service. Following basic training, she trained as a radio operator. In May 1991 she passed a course described as \u201cspecialist courses of civilian value\u201d in basic ships fire fighting. In June 1992 she passed a professional qualifying examination for wren radio operator first class, described as a \u201chighest service examination\u201d. Her naval character was assessed as being \u201cvery good\u201d for each year in which she served in the Royal Navy and her efficiency was noted to be \u201csatisfactory\u201d.\n\nIn or around September 1993, the second applicant, who was working on a submarine base in Scotland and was suffering from a great deal of emotional distress relating to her father\u2019s illness, confided in a colleague that she had had a brief lesbian relationship with a civilian whilst on leave. The second applicant discussed this with no one else. That colleague reported the second applicant to the naval authorities.\n\nOn 10 September 1993 the second applicant was woken up and interrogated by an officer from the SIB for two hours. The interview focussed on matters of an intimate sexual nature. A thorough and intimate search of the second applicant\u2019s personal belongings was then conducted. The second applicant was asked whether she had any electrical items. She understood the question to refer to particular items of a sexual nature, which understanding was not contradicted by the investigating officer. A number of the second applicant\u2019s personal belongings, including personal letters, a video, a poster and a film, were confiscated. It is the second applicant\u2019s belief that her personal letters were read by the officers investigating her case.\n\nOn 13 September 1993 she was sent home to inform her parents that she was being investigated with a view to being discharged and, on her return to base, she was moved to a different room so as not to share with the colleague who had informed on her. She was also moved out of direct working contact with that colleague. On 31 October 1993 she was informed that she was going to be discharged and that she had 48 hours to pack her belongings and leave the base. The second applicant was then interviewed by an official of the Ministry of Defence in London in order to assess whether or not she would be a security risk once she had left the armed forces. The second applicant also stated that she was obliged to read the statements of those persons who had been interviewed in connection with her and to sign those statements in order to indicate that she had read them.\n\nThe second applicant\u2019s discharge came into effect on 26 November 1993. Her character on her \u2018Certificate of Discharge\u2019 was recorded to be \u201cexemplary\u201d. Her certificate of qualifications which she received on discharge pointed out that the second applicant had: \u201c...displayed an above average level of intelligence and an ability to absorb and use new information quickly. She is of good appearance, has a sociable nature and works well as a member of a team. She has shown the potential to be considered for officer training and the drive required to learn and work under her own volition. She is a competent and reliable Communications rating with good keyboard skills and an understanding of Mainframe Computer Operations. [The second applicant] has potential and drive which should make her a sought after asset by a future employer.\u201d\n\nGiven the second applicant\u2019s distress relating to her discharge and to her father\u2019s illness she did not immediately issue any domestic proceedings. The second applicant stated that, in any event, national law in relation to discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation was such that at that time she did not have any realistic prospect of succeeding in any such proceedings.\n\nHowever, in view of, inter alia, the above-cited judgment of the ECJ on 30 April 1996 in the Cornwall County Council case and the reference under former Article 177 to the ECJ by the High Court in the first applicant\u2019s case in March 1997, the second applicant lodged, on 27 January 1998, an application in the Industrial Tribunal alleging unfair dismissal (although this complaint was later withdrawn) and sexual discrimination contrary to the provisions of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Equal Treatment Directive. She also requested the Industrial Tribunal to stay her case pending the outcome of the afore-mentioned Article 177 reference in the first applicant\u2019s case.\n\nOn 26 March 1998 the Chairman of the Industrial Tribunal, nevertheless, considered the second applicant\u2019s case and found that, in the light of the subsequent above-cited decision of the ECJ on 17 February 1998 in the Grant case, the second applicant\u2019s case did not appear to be very strong. He also decided, having regard to the judgment in the Grant case and because the second applicant could have lodged her proceedings earlier, that he would not extend time to allow the second applicant\u2019s claim to proceed.\n\nSince the Article 177 reference in the first applicant\u2019s case had not yet been determined, the second applicant appealed that decision to the Employment Appeal Tribunal on 22 May 1998. However, following the withdrawal by the High Court of that Article 177 reference on 13 July 1998, the second applicant requested the withdrawal of her own appeal. On 23 July 1998 the Employment Appeal Tribunal dismissed her appeal on the basis that it had been withdrawn.", "applicant": "Terence Perkins", "offset": 2318, "idx_mapping": [2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2318, 2333, 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2349, 2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539, 2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2562, 2563, 2564, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2568, 2569, 2570, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2654, 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660, 2661, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2665, 2666, 2667, 2668, 2669, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2673, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2677, 2678, 2679, 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715, 2716], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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A. The circumstances of the case
Helmut Malek was born in 1963 and lives in Krems (Austria). He is a practising lawyer by profession. On 18 June 1993 a colleague, Mr P., laid a disciplinary information against Helmut Malek alleging that he had infringed the profession’s honour and reputation in the context of administrative criminal proceedings relating to traffic offences. He was suspected of having misbehaved towards intervening police officers during a traffic control by threatening them with job-related troubles in case they charged him with traffic offences.
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7292, "entity_id": "001-61133_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-61133_a8_em97", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "lawyer", "start_offset": 7286}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7328, "entity_id": "001-61133_a8_e70", "entity_mention_id": "001-61133_a8_em98", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "one year", "start_offset": 7320}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Helmut Malek", "meta": {"applicant": "Helmut Malek", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 57, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-61133", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 60553/00) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Helmut Malek (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 30 June 2000.\n\nThe Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 21 March 2002 the First Section decided to communicate the complaint concerning the length of the proceedings to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nA. The circumstances of the case\n\nThe applicant was born in 1963 and lives in Krems (Austria). He is a practising lawyer by profession.\n\nOn 18 June 1993 a colleague, Mr P., laid a disciplinary information against the applicant alleging that he had infringed the profession\u2019s honour and reputation in the context of administrative criminal proceedings relating to traffic offences. He was suspected of having misbehaved towards intervening police officers during a traffic control by threatening them with job-related troubles in case they charged him with traffic offences. Subsequently, on 10 September 1993 the Disciplinary Council of the Lower Austrian Bar Chamber (Disziplinarrat der Nieder\u00f6sterreichischen Rechtsanwaltskammer), upon request of the Bar Chamber\u2019s Prosecutor (Kammeranwalt), appointed an Investigating Commissioner (Untersuchungskommiss\u00e4r).\n\nOn 16 September 1993 the Investigating Commissioner informed the applicant that disciplinary proceedings against him were opened and requested him to file observations as regards the charges against him.\n\nOn 4 October 1993 the applicant complied with this request.\n\nOn 13 June 1994 the Investigating Commissioner submitted a report to the Disciplinary Council.\n\nOn 7 October 1994 the Disciplinary Council discontinued the proceedings against the applicant. The Bar Chamber\u2019s Prosecutor filed an appeal against this decision.\n\nOn 15 December 1994 the applicant submitted his observations on the appeal.\n\nOn 20 February 1995 the Appeals Board (Oberste Berufungs- und Disziplinarkommission) allowed the Bar Chamber\u2019s Prosecutor\u2019s appeal and remitted the case to the Disciplinary Council.\n\nIn August 1995, after the case had been taken over by another Investigating Commissioner, the latter agreed with the Vienna Federal Police Directorate (Bundespolizeidirektion) to question the police officers involved in the traffic control at issue by way of letters rogatory. On 3 November 1995 he filed letters rogatory with the Donaustadt District Court (Bezirksgericht) which were subsequently transferred to the Josefstadt District Court.\n\nOn 13 December 1995 the two police officers were questioned by the Josefstadt District Court.\n\nOn 8 February 1996 the Investigating Commissioner submitted his report to the Disciplinary Council.\n\nOn 3 June 1996 the Disciplinary Council, upon the Investigating Commissioner\u2019s report, decided to open the main proceedings. This decision was served on the applicant on 31 July 1996.\n\nOn 30 August 1996 the applicant filed his observations.\n\nOn 20 September 1996 the Disciplinary Council fixed a hearing for 14 October 1996 and summoned the applicant, his spouse and the two police officers. As the applicant\u2019s spouse and one police officers submitted that they could not appear at that date, the hearing was cancelled.\n\nOn 24 February 1997 the Constitutional Court, in proceedings unrelated to the present one\u2019s, issued a decision concerning the composition of the Disciplinary Council. On 15 May 1997, after an internal discussion of the consequences of the Constitutional Court\u2019s decision for the proceedings at issue, Mr F was appointed as new chairman of the Disciplinary Council.\n\nOn 17 September 1997 the Disciplinary Council fixed a hearing for 6 October 1997. The applicant\u2019s spouse and the two police officers submitted that they could not appear at that date.\n\nOn 19 September 1997 the applicant filed observations and challenged the chairman and another member of the Disciplinary Council for bias.\n\nOn 23 September 1997 a new chairman was appointed.\n\nOn 6 October 1997 the Disciplinary Council held a hearing. The applicant requested to summon his spouse for the next hearing. The Disciplinary Council adjourned the case and decided to obtain the file concerning the administrative criminal proceedings against the applicant.\n\nOn 9 February 1998 the Disciplinary Council requested the Vienna Federal Police Directorate to submit the file concerning the administrative criminal proceedings against the applicant.\n\nOn 5 August 1998, since the file at issue had meanwhile been transmitted to an other administrative authority, the Disciplinary Council filed a new request to submit the file.\n\nOn 6 August 1998 the Disciplinary Council fixed a hearing for 14 September 1998. The applicant again challenged a member of the Disciplinary Council for bias.\n\nOn 14 September 1998 the Disciplinary Council held a hearing. The only witness heard was one of the two police officers, the other witnesses and the applicant submitted that they were not able to appear.\n\nOn 14 October 1998 the Disciplinary Council fixed another hearing for 9 November 1998. The applicant again challenged two members of the Disciplinary Council for bias and submitted that he was prevented from appearing.\n\nOn 9 November 1998 the Disciplinary Council held a hearing and convicted the applicant under section 10 \u00a7 2 of the Lawyers Act. It found that he had misbehaved towards intervening police officers during a traffic control by threatening them with job-related troubles in case they charged him with traffic offences. The applicant had thereby infringed the profession\u2019s honour and reputation. The Disciplinary Council ordered him to pay an additional fine of ATS 10,000 as he had already been ordered to pay ATS 25,000 in four other sets of disciplinary proceedings.\n\nOn 15 December 1998 the applicant filed an appeal against this decision and on 11 January 1999 the Bar Chamber\u2019s Prosecutor submitted his observations in reply.\n\nOn 14 June 1999 the Appeals Board dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal.\n\nOn 30 September 1999 the applicant lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof). He complained, inter alia, about the length of the proceedings and claimed that the disciplinary authorities had failed to take the excessive length of the proceedings into account as a mitigating circumstance.\n\nOn 29 February 2000 the Constitutional Court dismissed the applicant\u2019s complaint. This decision was served on the applicant on 6 April 2000.\n\nB. Relevant domestic law\n\nSection 10 \u00a7 2 of the Lawyers Act (Rechtsanwaltsordung) provides that a practising lawyer is obliged to preserve the honour and reputation of the profession by his honest and sincere conduct.\n\nSection 16 \u00a7 1 of the Disciplinary Act (Disziplinarstatut), in the version applicable at the material time, provided for the following disciplinary penalties: a written reprimand, a fine of up to ATS 500,000, a prohibition on practising as a lawyer for a period not exceeding one year and being struck off the bar roll.", "applicant": "Helmut Malek", "offset": 788, "idx_mapping": [788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 788, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Herbert Gassner was born in 1955 and lives in Eisenstadt. Herbert Gassner is a judge at the Eisenstadt Regional Court. In July 1997 he made a study visit to the Commission of the European Union in Brussels. The Federal Ministry of Justice paid his travel expenses and granted Herbert Gassner two weeks’ special leave, in addition to which he took two weeks of his annual leave. On 9 July 1997 the Federal Minister of Justice informed Herbert Gassner on his return that it would not reimburse any of the additional expenses he had claimed in the meantime on 20 June 1997.
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"001-115213_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-115213_a8_em56", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Minister", "start_offset": 3950}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4292, "entity_id": "001-115213_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-115213_a8_em57", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 4272}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4314, "entity_id": "001-115213_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-115213_a8_em58", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "24 February 2006", "start_offset": 4298}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4339, "entity_id": "001-115213_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-115213_a8_em59", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 4319}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Herbert Gassner", "meta": {"applicant": "Herbert Gassner", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2012}, "doc_id": "001-115213", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 38314/06) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Herbert Gassner (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 21 August 2006.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr K. D\u00f6rnh\u00f6fer, a lawyer practising in Eisenstadt. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Tichy, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of European and International Affairs.\n\nOn 12 November 2009 the application was communicated to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1955 and lives in Eisenstadt.\n\nThe applicant is a judge at the Eisenstadt Regional Court. In July 1997 he made a study visit to the Commission of the European Union in Brussels. The Federal Ministry of Justice paid his travel expenses and granted the applicant two weeks\u2019 special leave, in addition to which he took two weeks of his annual leave.\n\nOn 9 July 1997 the Federal Minister of Justice informed the applicant on his return that it would not reimburse any of the additional expenses he had claimed in the meantime on 20 June 1997.\n\nOn 5 September 1997 the applicant formally requested the reimbursement of further costs, incurred during the study visit, in particular the costs for his accommodation in the amount of Austrian schillings 17,699.75 (ATS - 1,284.11 euros (EUR)), and submitted additional records.\n\nOn 20 March 1998 the Federal Minister dismissed the applicant\u2019s request on the grounds that the trip had not been an official journey \u2013 this having been made clear by the fact that the applicant had taken some annual leave during that period.\n\nOn 3 June 1998 the applicant filed a complaint with the Administrative Court. He submitted that the Federal Minister had interpreted the relevant law incorrectly and that if he had properly assessed the evidence he would have concluded that the study visit to Brussels had to be treated as an official journey.\n\nOn 30 January 2002 the Administrative Court quashed the Federal Minister\u2019s decision finding that the President of the Vienna Court of Appeal had been the authority competent to decide on the request for reimbursement at first instance, rather than the Federal Minister.\n\nThereupon, the matter was transferred to the President of the Vienna Court of Appeal who requested the applicant and the Federal Minister to submit explanations regarding the study visit.\n\nOn 17 September 2002 the applicant lodged a complaint (S\u00e4umnis\u00adbeschwerde) with the Administrative Court against the alleged failure of the President of the Court of Appeal to decide on his request within the statutory six-month time-limit.\n\nOn 23 October 2002 the Administrative Court rejected the complaint because the applicant had not made a prior request under Section 73 of the General Administrative Procedure Act for jurisdiction to be transferred to the Federal Minister of Justice as the authority responsible for hearing appeals.\n\nOn 29 November 2002 the President of the Vienna Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant\u2019s request for reimbursement of the costs of his accommodation in Brussels on the grounds that the applicant had not been given instructions for an official journey and had not performed any official duties during his stay in Brussels. Therefore he was not entitled to reimbursement of his costs.\n\nOn an unspecified date the applicant appealed against that decision to the Federal Minister of Justice.\n\nOn 4 February 2003 the Federal Minister dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal, confirming the findings in the first-instance decision.\n\nOn 14 April 2003 the applicant filed a complaint with the Administrative Court against the Federal Minister\u2019s decision. He submitted that while acknowledging that his trip had been in the interest of his official duties (dienstliches Interesse), the Minister had incorrectly assumed that the applicant\u2019s study visit was not to be treated as an official journey. The applicant did not ask for a hearing before the Administrative Court.\n\nOn 24 February 2006 the Administrative Court dismissed the applicant\u2019s complaint, finding that the Minister had correctly assessed the evidence before him and had correctly concluded that the applicant\u2019s study trip had not been treated as an official journey.", "applicant": "Herbert Gassner", "offset": 834, "idx_mapping": [834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403], "duplicates": 1}
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Karin Anderssons own property close to Umeå, in the vicinity of a Natura 2000 area, the European network of nature protection areas established under the EU Habitats Directive of 1992 (see further below at paragraph 33). Most of them live there (permanently or on a part-time basis). A. Proceedings on permissibility of railway project
On 15 October 1999, the National Rail Administration (Banverket; hereinafter “the NRA”) applied to the Government for permission, under the Environmental Code (Miljöbalken), to construct a 10 km long railway section in a river area in the north of Sweden (constituting the final section of a railway called “Botniabanan”, the total length of which is 190 km). The NRA presented some alternative railway stretches, all located in a specified “corridor”, but recommended the one named “alternative east”.
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"start_offset": 12420}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Karin Andersson", "meta": {"applicant": "Karin Andersson", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2014}, "doc_id": "001-146399", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 29878/09) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by eighteen Swedish nationals, Ms Karin Andersson, Mr Per Bernhardtson, Ms Gunilla Bring, Mr Ulf B\u00e4cklund, Mr Berndt Eriksson, Ms Carina Granberg, Ms Agneta Holmstr\u00f6m, Mr Gustaf H\u00e4rest\u00e5l, Mr Bj\u00f6rn H\u00f6jer, Ms Inga-Britt H\u00f6jer, Mr Christer Johansson, Mr Curt Lindgren, Mr H\u00e5kan Olsson, Mr Roger Olsson, Mr G\u00f6ran Osterman, Mr Lars Sj\u00f6stedt, Mr Christer Skoog and Mr Olle Stenlund (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 4 June 2009.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr J. Ebbesson, a professor of environmental law, and Mr B. Rosengren, a lawyer, both practising in Stockholm. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr A. R\u00f6nquist, of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicants alleged, in particular, that they had been denied effective access to court in relation to decisions taken on the construction of a railway, in violation of their rights under Articles 6 and 8 of the Convention.\n\nOn 21 May 2012 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants own property close to Ume\u00e5, in the vicinity of a Natura 2000 area, the European network of nature protection areas established under the EU Habitats Directive of 1992 (see further below at paragraph 33). Most of them live there (permanently or on a part-time basis).\n\nA. Proceedings on permissibility of railway project\n\nOn 15 October 1999, the National Rail Administration (Banverket; hereinafter \u201cthe NRA\u201d) applied to the Government for permission, under the Environmental Code (Milj\u00f6balken), to construct a 10 km long railway section in a river area in the north of Sweden (constituting the final section of a railway called \u201cBotniabanan\u201d, the total length of which is 190 km). The NRA presented some alternative railway stretches, all located in a specified \u201ccorridor\u201d, but recommended the one named \u201calternative east\u201d. The proposed railway construction concerned certain areas which were or were going to be part of Natura 2000.\n\nIt appears that six of the present applicants own houses or land within the mentioned \u201ccorridor\u201d: Ms Carina Granberg, Ms Agneta Holmstr\u00f6m, Mr Gustaf H\u00e4rest\u00e5l, Mr Bj\u00f6rn H\u00f6jer, Ms Inga-Britt H\u00f6jer, and Mr Christer Skoog. Ownership of Mr Skoog\u2019s property was transferred to Ms Granberg on 7 January 2011. The properties of the other twelve applicants \u2013 houses and land in their ownership or owned houses located on non-freehold sites \u2013 are situated outside the \u201ccorridor\u201d. The distance from their properties to the \u201ccorridor\u201d or the specific stretch of the railway fixed in later proceedings vary; the houses appear to be situated 300 \u2013 2500 metres away whereas the closest piece of land is located about 50 metres from the \u201ccorridor\u201d.\n\nOn 12 June 2003 the Government, after having heard the European Commission, granted the application and allowed the construction of the railway in the proposed \u201ccorridor\u201d under the condition, inter alia, that the NRA adopt a railway plan before 1 July 2009 and also a specific plan for the realisation of the necessary environmental compensation measures in the Natura 2000 areas. The plan on compensation measures had to be presented to the Government before the railway plan was adopted. The Government stated, inter alia, that the activity could be permitted, despite its harmful effect on the environment in a Natura 2000 area, if there were no alternative solutions and the railway had to be constructed for reasons of public interest.\n\nA number of individual property owners, including three of the applicants in the present case \u2013 Ms Bring, Mr B\u00e4cklund and Mr Osterman \u2013 petitioned the Supreme Administrative Court (Regeringsr\u00e4tten) for a judicial review of the case and requested that the Government\u2019s decision be quashed. The property owners claimed that the decision contradicted Swedish law as well as applicable European Union law, including the Habitats Directive. It was argued, firstly, that the decision contravened the general rule in the Environmental Code on the site to be chosen for activities and installations that may affect human health or the environment. This aspect allegedly had a direct and clear bearing on their civil rights. Secondly, they asserted that the Government\u2019s decision violated Swedish regulations on nature conservation by failing to consider relevant alternative sites for the railway.\n\nOn 1 December 2004 the Supreme Administrative Court dismissed the petitions for a judicial review because it was not possible to determine who should be considered an interested party at that stage of the railway planning. The exact route of the railway would not be established until the railway plan had been drawn up. Until then, it could not be assessed with any certainty who would be affected to the extent that they were entitled to bring an action or what account should be taken of their interests. Further stating that the parties affected to a sufficient extent by the future railway would be able to obtain a judicial review of the later decision to adopt the railway plan, the court refused the petitioners locus standi.\n\nOne judge dissented, finding that the issue of locus standi in respect of each petitioner should be further investigated by the court in order to ensure that the individual interests were taken into account, having regard to the binding character of the Government\u2019s decision in the later railway planning proceedings.\n\nB. Proceedings on permits for construction of railway and bridges\n\nIn 2003 and 2004 the NRA applied to the County Administrative Board (l\u00e4nsstyrelsen) in the County of V\u00e4sterbotten for a permit to construct the railway in the specific Natura 2000 area and to the Environmental Court (milj\u00f6domstolen) in Ume\u00e5 for permits to build two bridges.\n\nThe County Administrative Board granted a construction permit for the railway by a decision of 14 October 2004, which was subsequently appealed against to the Environmental Court.\n\nThe Environmental Court decided to examine the cases jointly. By judgments of 24 May 2005 and 13 June 2005, considering itself bound by the Government\u2019s decision of 12 June 2003 on the permissibility of the railway project, the court decided to grant all the permits requested by the NRA.\n\nOn 15 June 2006 the Environmental Court of Appeal (Milj\u00f6\u00f6verdomstolen) in Stockholm quashed the Environmental Court\u2019s judgments and referred the cases back to the latter instance. The appellate court found that the Government\u2019s decision had not contained a detailed examination of measures necessary to compensate for environmental harm caused by the railway project, and that these issues had to be settled as part of the determination of the construction permit requests.\n\nOn 26 April 2007 the Environmental Court decided anew to grant the permits requested by the NRA. The court considered itself bound by the Government\u2019s decision as to the permissibility of the railway project and thus limited its examination to the environmental compensation measures, as indicated by the decision of the Environmental Court of Appeal.\n\nTwo applicants \u2013 Ms Granberg and Mr Skoog \u2013 appealed against the Environmental Court\u2019s judgment in so far as it concerned the permit for the railway construction. All applicants except Mr Osterman appealed against the part which concerned the permit to construct the bridges.\n\nBy a judgment of 6 December 2007 the Environmental Court of Appeal affirmed the binding nature of the Government\u2019s permissibility decision and approved the construction of the railway and the bridges with certain added conditions.\n\nOn 9 May 2008 the Supreme Court (H\u00f6gsta domstolen) refused leave to appeal and, thus, the Environmental Court of Appeal\u2019s judgment became final.\n\nC. Proceedings on adoption of railway plan\n\nOn 21 June 2005 the NRA adopted a railway plan for the area in question.\n\nTwelve applicants \u2013 all but Ms Holmstr\u00f6m, Mr H\u00e4rest\u00e5l, Mr H\u00f6jer, Ms H\u00f6jer, Mr Sj\u00f6stedt and Mr Stenlund \u2013 appealed to the Government against the railway plan. They essentially complained of the specific stretch of the railway, invoking, inter alia, nuisance such as noise and vibrations affecting the enjoyment of their property.\n\nBy a decision of 28 June 2007 the Government referred to its decision on permissibility of 12 June 2003. It found that the specific stretch chosen in the railway plan was situated within the permitted \u201ccorridor\u201d and thus rejected the appeals.\n\nAll of the applicants and several other petitioners turned to the Supreme Administrative Court and requested that it, by way of a judicial review, order the quashing of the Government\u2019s decision. They claimed, inter alia, that, although their civil rights were affected by the planned railway, they had not had these rights considered and determined by a court, in violation of the Convention. As to the chosen location of the railway, they also asserted that the Government\u2019s decision was contrary to provisions of the Environmental Code and the EU Habitats Directive.\n\nOn 10 December 2008 the Supreme Administrative Court, after having held a hearing in the case, rejected the petition, finding that the railway plan was in line with the Government\u2019s decision of 12 June 2003 on the permissibility of the railway project and that the proceedings for the adoption of the plan did not demonstrate any failings. The court considered that the question of permissibility of a railway project was within the power of the Government, which had to take into account public interests such as environmental, industrial, economic and regional policy. The Government\u2019s permissibility decision was binding for the subsequent proceedings in that courts and other decision-making bodies could not examine issues that had been determined by that decision. Thus, in the proceedings concerning the construction permits requested by the NRA, the various instances could decide on conditions and other details but not on the general permissibility as defined in the Government\u2019s decision. Similarly, in the third stage of the decision process \u2013 the adoption of the railway plan \u2013 it was for the authorities and courts to decide only on the precise location of the railway, within the area designated by the Government\u2019s decision. The Government had not been obliged to review its decision of 12 June 2003 on the permissibility of the railway project and the designation of the \u201ccorridor\u201d in which the railway could be located. These issues could not be examined in the third stage of the decision process. The Supreme Administrative Court further stated that, if private interests were affected by the location of a railway project, judicial review could be obtained by petitioning the court in proceedings against the Government\u2019s permissibility decision. The fact that the court, on 1 December 2004, had concluded that no individual petitioner could be considered to have locus standi in relation to the permissibility decision did not compel it to include in its current examination of the adoption of the railway plan the issues of permissibility of the project or its general location.\n\nOne judge dissented, considering that the Supreme Administrative Court\u2019s judgment contravened its decision of 1 December 2004. She noted, inter alia, that the adoption of a railway plan \u2013 as opposed to the construction permits \u2013 had direct consequences for the individual as it entailed a right for the railway company, under certain conditions, to expropriate land. Consequently, the court, in the instant case, should have examined all the objections presented by the appellants, including the claim that there were better alternative locations for the railway. According to the dissenting judge, a full judicial review had also been foreseen by the court in its earlier decision.\n\nD. Compensation and others measures taken\n\nIt appears from the parties\u2019 observations in the case that at least ten of the applicants (including seven with houses or land situated outside the \u201ccorridor\u201d) have received some form of compensation as a consequence of the railway construction, either for land requisitioned or for reduced residential value or market value. In one case, the change to noise-reducing windows was partly paid by the NRA. It is not clear whether the other applicants requested compensation. 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| 1
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On 3 June 1994 an action in defamation (üble Nachrede) was brought against Herbert Maurer. He was suspected of having abused another person in the course of an altercation. Trial hearings were held on 8 November 1994, 8 May 1995 and 3 October 1995 before the Herzogenburg District Court (Bezirksgericht). On the latter date Herbert Maurer was convicted of defamation and sentenced to a fine. On 4 March 1996, following Herbert Maurer’s appeal, the St. Pölten Regional Court quashed the sentence because of errors of procedure and law, and referred the case back to the District Court.
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"ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court", "start_offset": 2190}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2291, "entity_id": "001-60016_a8_e18", "entity_mention_id": "001-60016_a8_em26", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "District Court", "start_offset": 2277}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2342, "entity_id": "001-60016_a8_e18", "entity_mention_id": "001-60016_a8_em27", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "District Court", "start_offset": 2328}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2425, "entity_id": "001-60016_a8_e22", "entity_mention_id": "001-60016_a8_em28", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 May 1998", "start_offset": 2414}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2444, "entity_id": "001-60016_a8_e18", "entity_mention_id": "001-60016_a8_em29", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "District Court", "start_offset": 2430}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2504, "entity_id": "001-60016_a8_e23", "entity_mention_id": "001-60016_a8_em30", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "25 January 1999", "start_offset": 2489}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2535, "entity_id": "001-60016_a8_e24", "entity_mention_id": "001-60016_a8_em31", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "St. P\u00f6lten Court of Appeal", "start_offset": 2509}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2610, "entity_id": "001-60016_a8_e25", "entity_mention_id": "001-60016_a8_em32", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "27 April 1999", "start_offset": 2597}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Herbert Maurer", "meta": {"applicant": "Herbert Maurer", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2002}, "doc_id": "001-60016", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 50110/99) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Herbert Maurer (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 29 April 1999.\n\nThe applicant was represented before the Court by Mr F. Amler, a lawyer practising in St. P\u00f6lten. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that criminal proceedings against him lasted unreasonably long.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nBy a decision of 21 November 2000 the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nAs of 1 November 2001 the application was allocated to the First Section of the Court. Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case was constituted as provided for in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nOn 3 June 1994 an action in defamation (\u00fcble Nachrede) was brought against the applicant. He was suspected of having abused another person in the course of an altercation. Trial hearings were held on 8 November 1994, 8 May 1995 and 3 October 1995 before the Herzogenburg District Court (Bezirksgericht). On the latter date the applicant was convicted of defamation and sentenced to a fine.\n\nOn 4 March 1996, following the applicant\u2019s appeal, the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court quashed the sentence because of errors of procedure and law, and referred the case back to the District Court. It found, inter alia, that the District Court had relied on evidence that had been precluded.\n\nOn 17 February 1997, after hearings on that date and 10 January 1997, the District Court convicted the applicant again, qualifying the incriminated behaviour this time as an insult (Beleidigung).\n\nOn 8 January 1998, following the applicant\u2019s appeal, the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court quashed the sentence again and referred the case back to the District Court. The Court of Appeal found that the District Court had failed to take evidence concerning the applicant\u2019s intentions.\n\nOn 18 May 1998 the District Court again convicted the applicant of insult. On 25 January 1999 the St. P\u00f6lten Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal. 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| 1
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Anthony White lives in Beira, Mozambique. On 29 and 30 September and 1 October 1996, the two main evening newspapers in Sweden, Expressen and Aftonbladet, published a series of articles in which various criminal offences were ascribed to Anthony White, including an assertion that he had murdered Olof Palme, the Swedish Prime Minister, in 1986. As part of the publication of this information, the newspapers also reported statements of individuals who rejected the allegations made against Anthony White. Moreover, on 1 October, Expressen published an interview with Anthony White, in which he denied any involvement in the alleged offences. On 23 September 1998 Anthony White brought a private prosecution against the newspapers through their legally responsible editors (ansvariga utgivare).
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"related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Expressen", "start_offset": 14228}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14337, "entity_id": "001-76894_a8_e17", "entity_mention_id": "001-76894_a8_em126", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Aftonbladet", "start_offset": 14326}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14355, "entity_id": "001-76894_a8_e50", "entity_mention_id": "001-76894_a8_em127", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 May 2002", "start_offset": 14344}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14373, "entity_id": "001-76894_a8_e51", "entity_mention_id": "001-76894_a8_em128", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 14360}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 14391, "entity_id": "001-76894_a8_e52", "entity_mention_id": "001-76894_a8_em129", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "H\u00f6gsta domstolen", "start_offset": 14375}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Anthony White", "meta": {"applicant": "Anthony White", "articles": [91, 34, 56, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 57, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2006}, "doc_id": "001-76894", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 42435/02) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Mr Anthony White (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 29 November 2002.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr E. Kalman, a lawyer practising in Stockholm. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms I. Kalmerborn, Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 11 January 2005 the Court declared the application partly inadmissible and decided to communicate the complaint concerning the right to respect for private and family life to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant lives in Beira, Mozambique.\n\nOn 29 and 30 September and 1 October 1996, the two main evening newspapers in Sweden, Expressen and Aftonbladet, published a series of articles in which various criminal offences were ascribed to the applicant, including an assertion that he had murdered Olof Palme, the Swedish Prime Minister, in 1986. As part of the publication of this information, the newspapers also reported statements of individuals who rejected the allegations made against the applicant. Moreover, on 1 October, Expressen published an interview with the applicant, in which he denied any involvement in the alleged offences.\n\nOn 23 September 1998 the applicant brought a private prosecution against the newspapers through their legally responsible editors (ansvariga utgivare). He claimed that the editors were responsible for gross defamation, or alternatively defamation of a normal degree, under chapter 7, section 4, subsection 14 of the Freedom of the Press Act (Tryckfrihets-f\u00f6rordningen), and chapter 5, section 2 (or section 1) of the Criminal Code (Brottsbalken). He also joined an action for damages to the private prosecution and sought compensation for mental suffering and pecuniary damage.\n\nThe District Court (tingsr\u00e4tten) of Stockholm held an oral preparation of the case on 1 February 1999 and an oral hearing on 27-28 January and 1\u20113 February 2000. It heard several witnesses. In accordance with the normal procedure in cases concerning criminal liability under the Freedom of the Press Act, the court sat with three professional judges and a jury of nine members.\n\nThe District Court put to the jury 66 questions relating to the articles published in Expressen and 76 questions relating to the articles published in Aftonbladet. Each question referred to one or more statements or pictures published in the various articles, and the jury had to answer whether the publication of the statements or pictures constituted gross defamation or defamation of a normal degree. The jury answered all but six questions in the negative. In accordance with the applicable rules, the jury\u2019s finding of \u201cno guilt\u201d was final. As regards the remaining six questions, however, the jury found that certain published statements or pictures amounted to defamation of a normal degree. The court then had to make a re-assessment of liability. The contravening statements or pictures were the following:\n\nThe heading on the front page stating \u201cHe is pointed out as PALME\u2019S MURDERER\u201d [\u201cHan pekas ut som PALMES M\u00d6RDARE\u201d] together with a picture of the applicant. [Expressen, 30 September 1996]\n\nThe text on page 6 reporting a statement made by an unnamed source within the South African intelligence service: \u201cHe is the type of person that you do not cheat unpunished. He kills without a second\u2019s hesitation.\u201d [\u201cHan \u00e4r den typen av person som man inte lurar ostraffat. Han d\u00f6dar utan en sekunds tvekan.\u201d] [Aftonbladet, 29 September 1996]\n\nThe text on page 6: \u201cIn addition to Long reach, Williamson and White had several companies together, some with links to the Mafia. Among others, the GMR Group in the Seychelles which was used for laundering money from illegal activities. When Long reach was wound up, White is supposed to have started a sawmill in Beira in Mozambique. A perfect cover for other activities. Weapons and drugs are two products that have been mentioned.\u201d [\u201cVid sidan av Long reach hade Williamson och White flera andra f\u00f6retag ihop, en del med kopplingar till maffian. Bland annat GMR Group p\u00e5 Seychellerna som anv\u00e4ndes f\u00f6r att tv\u00e4tta pengar fr\u00e5n illegal verksamhet. N\u00e4r Long reach avvecklades ska White ha startat ett s\u00e5gverk i Beira i Mocambique. En perfekt t\u00e4ckmantel f\u00f6r annan verksamhet. Vapen och droger \u00e4r tv\u00e5 produkter som n\u00e4mnts.\u201d] [Aftonbladet, 29 September 1996]\n\nThe text on page 6: \u201cWhite has been dealing with most things. \u2013 He is one of southern Africa\u2019s biggest poachers, tells a source. It is to a large degree his fault that the elephants in Mozambique are all but extinct. Together with Williamson, Anthony White appropriated the ivory.\u201d [\u201cWhite har sysslat med det mesta. \u2013 Han \u00e4r en av s\u00f6dra Afrikas st\u00f6rsta tjuvskyttar, ber\u00e4ttar en k\u00e4lla. Det \u00e4r till stor del hans skuld att elefanterna i Mocambique \u00e4r s\u00e5 gott som utrotade. Anthony White tog tillsammans med Williamson hand om elfenbenen.\u201d] [Aftonbladet, 29 September 1996]\n\nThe subheading on page 6 \u201c... but earns more on smuggling and poaching\u201d [\u201c... men tj\u00e4nar mest p\u00e5 smuggling och tjuvjakt\u201d] together with the ensuing text stating \u201cBut according to several statements, the main part of his income derives from smuggling and poaching.\u201d [\u201cMen enligt flera uppgifter kommer st\u00f6rsta delen av hans inkomster fr\u00e5n smuggling och tjuvjakt.\u201d] [Aftonbladet, 30 September 1996]\n\nThe caption on page 7 \u201cTODAY \u2013 SMUGGLER IN MOZAMBIQUE\u201d [\u201cI DAG \u2013 SMUGGLARE I MOCAMBIQUE\u201d] under a picture of the applicant. [Aftonbladet, 30 September 1996]\n\nBy a judgment of 24 February 2000, the District Court acquitted the editors in all respects and rejected the applicant\u2019s claims for damages. It found that all six passages in issue depicted the applicant as a criminal or a person with a reprehensible lifestyle. However, given, inter alia, the great general interest in these statements in Sweden, the court found that it had been justifiable to publish the relevant statements and pictures. It further considered that the newspapers had had a reasonable basis for the published information. In the latter respect, the court had regard to how and from whom the information had been obtained and to the fact that, due to the nature of the information in question and the constraints of a fast news service, the possibility of checking the veracity of the statements had been limited.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovr\u00e4tt). The appellate court held an oral hearing and heard essentially the same witnesses as the District Court.\n\nOn 21 February 2002 the Court of Appeal upheld the District Court\u2019s judgment. It gave the following reasoning: \u201cThe Court of Appeal finds, like the District Court, that the relevant information in Expressen and Aftonbladet depicts Anthony White as a criminal and as having a reprehensible lifestyle. The information has been liable to expose him to the contempt of others and consequently, as such, constitutes defamation. The question then is whether there are grounds for excluding liability. Pursuant to chapter 7, section 4, subsection 14 of the Freedom of the Press Act, and chapter 5, section 1, subsection 2 of the Criminal Code, liability for defamation by means of printed matter is excluded if two conditions are met: 1) it would be justifiable to communicate the information, and 2) the information should be correct or the communicator should have had a reasonable basis for the assertion. If the information is correct it may as a rule be communicated even if it is deprecatory, if this is justifiable with reference to the public news interest. However, there is no general right always to speak the truth if the statements are offensive. A balance has to be struck between the protection against offensive statements and the demands of freedom of speech. In certain situations the interest of protecting someone against offensive statements has to yield to the public interest. Expressen has claimed that, on account of the public interest \u2013 the murder of the country\u2019s prime minister \u2013, it was justifiable to name and show a photograph of Anthony White in the newspaper. Aftonbladet, for its part, has asserted that, in the circumstances, it was justifiable to describe Anthony White\u2019s personality and conduct. The question of who killed Olof Palme attracted at the relevant time and still attracts considerable public interest. As regards the question of whether in the circumstances it was justifiable to communicate the information, the Court of Appeal agrees with the District Court\u2019s assessment that it was obviously legitimate to write about the so-called \u201cSouth Africa trail\u201d and to present information in this regard. However, the question is whether it was justified to identify the plaintiff by name and picture in the manner employed and to publish statements to the effect that he was supposed to be guilty of large scale, serious criminality. [The responsible editors] have asserted that the publications in question were not remarkable in view of the fact that it was commonly known who Anthony White was and of which crimes he was guilty. It emerges from the information that has come to hand in the case that, within certain groups in southern Africa and Europe, it was known that Anthony White had engaged in the alleged activities. It has also been shown that books have been published in which Anthony White has been named and his service as an elite soldier in the army unit Selous Scouts, which has a dubious reputation, has been described. The information in the case reveals that Anthony White has been much better known than he has wished to admit in southern Africa and among representatives of various organisations for the protection of animals and the conservation of nature in southern Africa as well as in Europe. Anthony White does not therefore appear as an ordinary private person with regard to whom there is a particular interest of protection. In view of the above, and for the reasons given by the District Court in this respect, the Court of Appeal finds that it was justifiable in the circumstances to publish Anthony White\u2019s name and picture in Expressen and to publish information about the person Anthony White in Aftonbladet. In so finding, the Court of Appeal has also taken into account that Anthony White had declined to comment on information presented by the journalists of Aftonbladet. With respect to the question of whether the information is correct, it is word against word. Anthony White has asserted that he is innocent of all the accusations, that the information given about him was based on pure invention, that it is unverified or given by untrustworthy persons and that it was based on third or fourth generation hearsay, while [the responsible editors] appear still to assert that it cannot be excluded that Anthony White could be the person who murdered Olof Palme. The Court of Appeal concludes, however, that [the responsible editors], who have the burden of proof for their claims, have not shown that the disseminated information was correct. As regards the question of whether there has been a reasonable basis for the assertions, the Court of Appeal takes account of the following considerations. In defence of the publications in question, [the responsible editors] have asserted, among other things, that Anthony White\u2019s name and picture have been published in international news media and on Swedish television. In response to what has been stated in this respect, the Court of Appeal would point out that each newspaper is responsible for its own publication. Consequently, the fact that the name and picture of the plaintiff had already been published by other news services has not relieved Expressen and Aftonbladet of the obligation to make their own assessment of the credibility of the information. The fact that the information had already been published by other media shows, however, that these news services might have considered that there was a reasonable basis for the information. In their defence, [the responsible editors] have also pointed out that, despite time constraints, they had careful checks made which gave an unequivocal picture of Anthony White. It has been established that the main basis for the assertions in issue in the case was the statements made by [the former senior official of the South African security police] Dirk Coetzee and that the newspapers checked that information mainly by having the journalists who wrote the articles contact journalist colleagues, public servants [and] representatives of various organisations for the protection of animals and the conservation of nature. However, with a few exceptions, the persons contacted have not been named. The contents of the testimony given by [the six journalist witnesses] before the Court of Appeal show that each of them separately has had high ambitions to find out the degree of truth of Dirk Coetzee\u2019s statements and to check with reliable sources who the person Anthony White was. What has come to hand in the case reveals that the witnesses, each one through their own work, have received concordant information. Checks have been made with several informants in different countries and in different capacities. ... Having regard to the above, in particular the checks made, and to the fact that the informant Dirk Coetzee also here [before the Court of Appeal] has given the impression of being a credible person, the Court of Appeal considers that the communication of the identifying information does not appear unjustified. In the Court of Appeal\u2019s view, there has been a reasonable basis for the assertion and the reproduction of the picture in Expressen. The Court of Appeal further considers that Aftonbladet, in the circumstances, must be considered to have performed the checks that were called for. Having regard to this and the reasons given with respect to the publication in Expressen, the Court of Appeal finds that there was also a reasonable basis for the assertions in Aftonbladet.\u201d\n\nOn 29 May 2002 the Supreme Court (H\u00f6gsta domstolen) refused the applicant leave to appeal.", "applicant": "Anthony White", "offset": 905, "idx_mapping": [905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 905, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Mette Frisks are journalists. At the relevant time they were employed by one of the two national television stations in Denmark, Danmarks Radio, hereafter “DR”. The first applicant produced a television programme, described as a documentary, called “When the doctor knows best”, which was broadcast at 8 p.m. on 24 September 2008, and seen by 534,000 viewers. The second applicant was the first applicant’s superior and responsible for the content of the programme. The television programme concerned the treatment of pleural mesothelioma cancer, notably at Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), where Consultant S was in charge of treatment.
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"related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Vinorelbine", "start_offset": 26774}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Mette Frisk", "meta": {"applicant": "Mette Frisk", "articles": [91, 34, 49, 48, 34, 93], "countries": "DNK", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2017}, "doc_id": "001-179218", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 19657/12) against the Kingdom of Denmark lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two Danish nationals, Ms Mette Frisk (the first applicant), and Mr Steen Jensen, (the second applicant) on 27 March 2012.\n\nThe applicants were born in 1977 and 1961, and live in Copenhagen and \u00c5byh\u00f8j respectively. They are represented before the Court by Mr Tyge Trier, a lawyer practising in Copenhagen.\n\nThe Danish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their former Agent, Mr Jonas Bering Liisberg, succeeded subsequently by their present Agent, Mr Tobias Elling Rehfelt, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and their Co-agent, Mrs Nina Holst\u2011Christensen, from the Ministry of Justice.\n\nThe applicants alleged a violation of their right to freedom of expression as guaranteed by Article 10 of the Convention.\n\nOn 26 June 2014 the application was communicated to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants are journalists. At the relevant time they were employed by one of the two national television stations in Denmark, Danmarks Radio, hereafter \u201cDR\u201d. The first applicant produced a television programme, described as a documentary, called \u201cWhen the doctor knows best\u201d, which was broadcast at 8 p.m. on 24 September 2008, and seen by 534,000 viewers. The second applicant was the first applicant\u2019s superior and responsible for the content of the programme.\n\nThe television programme concerned the treatment of pleural mesothelioma cancer, notably at Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), where Consultant S was in charge of treatment. It focused on two types of chemotherapy medication, Alimta, produced by L, and Vinorelbine, produced by F. Copenhagen University Hospital and S used Vinorelbine as first-line treatment in combination with Cisplatin or Carboplatin, depending on whether the treatment was related to an operation (operable patients) or to prolonging life and relieving pain and symptoms (inoperable patients).\n\nThree experts participated in the programme: a medical doctor from Karolinska Hospital in Sweden, a professor from Switzerland and a medical doctor from Grosshandorf Hospital in Germany. They all used Alimta as first-line treatment, most often in combination with Cisplatin or Carboplatin. The programme followed four patients and their relatives, who told their stories, and a narrator spoke as a voice-over throughout the programme.\n\nIn preparation for the programme, the first applicant had carried out research on the subject which included, inter alia, the following.\n\nOn 20 September 2004 the European Union had approved the marketing of Alimta in combination with Cisplatin for treatment of patients with inoperable pleural mesothelioma cancer. The background for the approval was, among others, research which had been carried out examining the effect of treatment with Alimta in combination with Cisplatin as compared to treatment with Cisplatin alone (a phase III trial, see paragraph 14 below) as first-line therapy.\n\nIn July 2007 the Minister for Internal Affairs and Health replied to various questions posed by Members of Parliament as to the treatment of pleural mesothelioma cancer in Denmark. The Minister replied, inter alia, that there was no proof that an Alimta-based treatment was more efficient than other chemotherapy-based treatments, including that offered in Denmark; that the combination of Vinorelbine and Cisplatin, which was used at Copenhagen University Hospital, resulted in a one-year survival rate of 50% and a median lifetime of 12 months, which was exactly the survival rate from using the combination of Alimta and Cisplatin, but that there had been no direct comparison of the two treatments; and that there was no internationally accepted standard chemotherapy for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma cancer, but that several single and combined treatments were used.\n\nOn 11 June 2008 Copenhagen University Hospital produced a memorandum about pleural mesothelioma cancer and its treatment, which was sent to DR. It stressed that international studies, including of Vinorelbine and Alimta, had not shown that any two-combination regime was superior to other two\u2011combination regimes. That information was confirmed by the professor from Switzerland in an email of 25 June 2008 and by the medical doctor from Grosshandorf Hospital in Germany in an email of 27 June 2008. The memorandum also referred to a fund aimed at developing research on pleural mesothelioma cancer, in the amount of 90,000 Danish kroner (DKK), equal to approximately 12,000 Euros (EUR), received by S from company F, which produces Vinorelbine. The money had been used to pay nurses and students and for data collection. It emerged that there had been no financial profit for the doctors involved.\n\nHaving received the above-mentioned memorandum, the first applicant again contacted the professor from Switzerland and the medical doctor at Grosshandorf Hospital in Germany. In essence, they confirmed in subsequent emails of 2 and 21 July 2008 that since there had been no direct comparative clinical studies, there was no scientific evidence that one two\u2011combination regime was superior to another two-combination regime.\n\nMedical research studies involving human subjects are called clinical trials. They are divided into different stages, called phases. Generally, it can be said that the earliest phase trials may look at whether a drug is safe or at its side-effects. A later phase II trial aims to find out whether the treatment works well enough, for which types of cancer the treatment works, more about side effects and how to manage them and more about the best dose to use. A later phase III trial aims to test whether a new treatment is better than existing treatments (standard treatment). These trials may compare a completely new treatment with the standard treatment or with different doses or ways of giving a standard treatment.\n\nA. The proceedings before the courts\n\nSubsequent to the broadcast on 24 September 2008 of the television programme, on 27 October 2008 Copenhagen University Hospital and S instituted defamation proceedings before the Copenhagen City Court (K\u00f8benhavns Byret) against the Director of DR and the two applicants, maintaining that the latter, in the programme in question, had made direct and indirect accusations, covered by Article 267 of the Penal Code (Straffeloven), against Copenhagen University Hospital and S, of malpractice regarding certain patients suffering from pleural mesothelioma cancer, allegedly resulting in the patients\u2019 unnecessary death and shortening of life, in the interest of S\u2019s professional prestige and private finances.\n\nBefore the City Court, the applicants, S, and Medical Director H for Copenhagen University Hospital gave evidence.\n\nThe first applicant stated, inter alia: \u201c... that she had not criticised Copenhagen University Hospital for improper treatment causing death. Her message was only to point out that the substance of Alimta had been better documented than the substance of Vinorelbine. She had collected statements from patients and experts, but could not state herself whether Alimta was a better product than Vinorelbine ... The experts had not stated whether Alimta in combination with another product was better than Vinorelbine in combination with another product. However, all experts had emphasised that Alimta had been evaluated in a phase III trial, for which reason it was a more thoroughly tested product. ... her questions had been answered during her conversations with professor M on 19 October 2007 and S on 22 October 2007. Subsequently no one had been willing to answer her questions. That was the only real conversation she had had with S. The next time she had called him, he had put down the receiver. When it had not been possible for her to get any response to her many points of criticism, she had contacted H ... she had wanted statements from both H and S as the programme would be unbalanced if they were not heard ... Some found that Alimta had been better documented than Vinorelbine. She was not aware of any trial demonstrating that a combination with Alimta was better than a combination with another medicinal product ...\u201d. S stated, inter alia, the following: \u201cAlimta has been used for second-line therapy in Denmark since 2004, and since 2007 as first-line therapy. Patients had been given the impression in the media that Alimta was a miracle cure. Therefore Copenhagen University Hospital had introduced it as an option. Today, Alimta is used in combination with Carboplatin as the standard therapy for inoperable patients ... Sometimes in autumn 2008, the standard therapy for operable patients had been changed to Cisplatin in combination with Alimta. If some patients were offered Alimta everybody had to be offered Alimta ... After the programme had been broadcast ... patients started mistrusting the Vinorelbine therapy. Afterwards it was not possible to perform the trial [phase II] on this drug. Nor would it be possible to obtain funding for the trial. Therefore no trial had been performed of Vinorelbine ... he had provided the information included in professor M\u2019s memorandum of 23 September 2008 ...he had talked to [the first applicant] several times and had spent a lot of time and energy on explaining cancer therapy... he had also lost confidence in [the first applicant]...\u201d H stated, among other things: \u201c ...The approval of Alimta by the Danish Medicines Agency for the treatment of mesothelioma only means that a marketing authorisation has been granted for the drug, which means that advertisement of the product is permitted. Vinorelbine has also been approved by the Danish Medicines Agency, but for a wide range of oncological therapies ... in 2003 when Alimta was tested [phase III] the bar had been set quite low. The study compared Alimta with a clearly inferior treatment that would not actually be offered to anybody. It would have been more relevant to study Alimta in combination with Cisplatin versus Vinorelbine with Cisplatin .... S has made a phase II trial of the standard therapy [Vinorelbine] ... Subsequently the standard therapy regimen has been expanded to include Alimta, which is not a better product than Vinorelbine, but eight times more expensive ... if two drugs are equally effective, but one of them is eight times more expensive than the other, patients will be offered therapy using the cheaper drug. ... The standard therapies now offered by Copenhagen University Hospital are Vinorelbine in combination with Cisplatin for inoperable patients and Alimta in combination with Cisplatin for operable patients ... the shift to Alimta as the standard therapy at Copenhagen University Hospital did not reflect that Alimta was medically better. The [applicants\u2019] programme had had a large impact as patients were asking not to be treated with Vinorelbine. Copenhagen University Hospital had therefore had to change medical products because patients had the clear impression that Vinorelbine was not as good as Alimta ... It is quite usual for Copenhagen University Hospital to surrender material to the press and to answer questions, but the questions of [the first applicant] were never-ending. Copenhagen University Hospital has spent about a man-year, or about DKK 400,000, responding to inquiries from [the first applicant], and huge efforts had been made to accommodate her requests ... the programme had created distrust towards both Copenhagen University Hospital and S and had created uncertainty in both patients and relatives. He had received 50 to 100 \u201chate mails\u201d himself ...\u201d\n\nBy a judgment of 9 April 2010, the Copenhagen City Court found against the applicants (and the Director of DR) and sentenced them each to 10 day-fines of 1,000 Danish Kroner (DKK). The allegations were declared null and void. The reasoning was as follows: \u201c... Based on the evidence, the City Court accepts as a fact that in 2004, following a phase III trial, EMEA approved Alimta in combination with Cisplatin for treating patients suffering from inoperable malignant pleural mesothelioma and that subsequently the same was approved by the Danish Medicines Agency. The court also accept as a fact that Vinorelbine is a drug dating back more than 20 years whose effect had been documented by clinical experience and approved by the Danish Medicines Agency for a wide range of oncological therapies. Finally, the court also accepts as a fact that it has not been documented that Alimta therapy in combination with a platin medicinal product is more effective than Vinorelbine therapy in combination with a platin medicinal product. As regards the term \u201cexperimental drug\u201d the court accepts as a fact that a drug administered to patients in a trial is referred to as an experimental drug, no matter whether the same drug is the standard therapy offered outside the trial setting. No matter that [the applicants] are deemed to have been aware of the above circumstances following their comprehensive research of the matter, it was said in the programme that, for dying patients, [S and Copenhagen University Hospital] had prescribed a \u201cnon-approved chemotherapy regimen\u201d not approved for the diagnosis or which was not \u201cthe correct chemotherapy\u201d, and that [S and Copenhagen University Hospital] used an \u201cexperimental drug\u201d, the \u201cworst-case scenario being that patients would die earlier than if they had been treated with an approved substance\u201d, or that it would have \u201cfatal consequences\u201d. Moreover, the phrase \u201cthe only drug with a known effect\u201d was used. Since no account was given in the programme of the above-mentioned trials and approval process and the terminology applied for that process, the court finds that it would seem to a non-professional viewer that Alimta was the only effective drug for mesothelioma, particularly because the programme linked the treatment of two patients with Vinorelbine to their death, whereas the prospect of several more years to live was held out to the one patient who had been given Alimta therapy in Germany. Moreover, the programme also linked S\u2019s use of Vinorelbine to his personal esteem and his \u201cpersonal research account\u201d, although [the applicants] had been made aware of the research grant management procedure though Professor M\u2019s memorandum of 23 September 2008 before the broadcast. Since no account was given either of the procedure for managing research grants, the court also finds in this respect that it would seem to a non-professional viewer that S had a personal financial interest in starting Vinorelbine treatment rather than Alimta. The [applicants] are therefore considered to have violated Article 267 of the Penal Code. According to the information on [the applicants\u2019] knowledge after their comprehensive research of the matter, the court finds no basis for exempting them from punishment or remitting the penalty under Article 269 of the Penal Code, compare also Article 10 of the Convention. ... [The applicants] are furthermore jointly and severally liable for paying legal costs of DKK 62,250.\u201d\n\nOn appeal, on 10 June 2011 the judgment was upheld by the High Court of Eastern Denmark (\u00d8stre Landsret) with the following reasoning: \u201cIn the introduction to the programme \u2018When the doctor knows best\u2019 a narrator states, among other things: \u2018A Danish doctor is entering a medical congress to show his research results. For years he has gone his own way, he has treated dying patients with chemotherapy that is not approved.\u2019 Later during the programme, it is stated at which hospitals one can receive treatment for pleural mesothelioma cancer, that these hospitals co-operate with Copenhagen University Hospital, and a reference is made to a named Consultant, S, head of the Scandinavian Centre for treatment of pleural mesothelioma cancer. During the various interviews, a narrator states, inter alia:\n\n\u2018The doctor does not give his patients the only approved medication. Instead, he uses a test medication. In the worst scenario, that may result in the patients dying earlier than if they had been given the approved substance.\u2019\n\n\u2018There is only one approved chemotherapy against pleural mesothelioma cancer, but that is not offered to SP [one of the patients followed in the programme]. The doctors chose to treat her with a substance that is not approved for the diagnosis, and whose effect on pleural mesothelioma cancer is not substantiated.\u2019\n\n\u2018However, that chemotherapy turned out to have huge consequences for her [SP].\u2019\n\n\u2018S can freely choose the medication that he thinks is best. There is only one treatment which, in comparative studies, has proved to have an effect on pleural mesothelioma cancer. Accordingly, that is the only medication which is approved as treatment. That medication is called Alimta. However, S chose not to use that medication on his patients.\u2019\n\n\u2018Thus, it has not been proved whether Vinorelbine works. According to the calculations made by DR, close to 300 patients in Denmark have been given test medication. In the worst scenario, that may result in patients dying earlier than if they had been given the approved medication.\u2019 -\u2019For her [SP] the lack of effect of treatment by Vinorelbine turns out to have had fatal consequences.\u2019\n\n\u2018The family K ask themselves why S goes his own way. They suspect that he has other interests than those of the patients. That suspicion grows, when they talk to SK\u2019s personal doctor.\u2019\n\n\u2018It turns out, however, that S may also have had other reasons for choosing Vinorelbine. Because he has used this medication in medical tests on the patients. In a phase when they are fighting for their lives.\u2019 -\u2019The question remains: why does S carry out tests with Vinorelbine? Could it have something to do with the prestige which is implicit in having research articles published?\u2019\n\n\u2018We do not know whether it is prestige that impels S.\u2019\n\n\u2018Thus, S will not acknowledge what leading experts agree on; [namely] that Alimta is the only medication whose effect is substantiated.\u2019\n\n\u2018Here it turns out that S has received more than DKK 800,000 over the last five and a half years from the company F. That is the company behind the test medication Vinorelbine. The money has been paid into S\u2019s personal research account. DKK 90,000 is earmarked for the tests. S withheld that information.\u2019 The programme ends by informing us, among other things, that two of the patients who were interviewed have passed away. The narrator says, inter alia: \u2018TJ, who was part of S\u2019s tests with Vinorelbine, died on 4 January 2008.\u2019 With these statements, [the applicants] not only passed on assertions by patients, relatives and experts, but also took a stand, so that the programme undisputedly gave the viewers the impression that malpractice has occurred at Copenhagen University Hospital, in that S has deliberately used medication (Vinorelbine), which is not approved for treatment of pleural mesothelioma cancer, and whose effect has not been substantiated, that the medication in question was part of a test, and that the test medication has resulted in patients dying or having their lives shortened. The way that the programme is built up with its beginning and ending, the viewers get the clear impression that the reasons behind this choice of medication [Vinorelbine] were S\u2019s professional prestige and personal finances. Against this background, in the programme, the applicants, as producer of the programme and as chief sub-editor, have made an allegation against Copenhagen University Hospital and S of malpractice and of nourishing irrelevant considerations to the detriment of the lives and health of patients. Such an accusation is likely to disparage [Copenhagen University Hospital and S] in the eyes of their fellow citizens as set out in Article 267 of the Penal Code. It must have been clear to them [the applicants] that they were making such an allegation by way of their presentation of the programme. The applicants have not attempted to establish the truth of the allegation, but have submitted that the allegation shall be unpunishable by virtue of Article 269 (1) of the Penal Code as they acted in lawful protection of an obvious public interest or the interest of others or, in the alternative, that punishment should be remitted under Article 269 (2) of the Penal Code because they were justified in regarding the allegations as true. These provisions must, in connection with Article 267 of the Penal Code, be understood in the light of Article 10 of the Convention on the protection of freedom of expression. A very considerable public interest is related to journalistic discussion about risk to life and health, or suspicion thereof, as regards public hospital treatment. When balancing considerations of freedom of expression with considerations of the protection of the name and reputation of persons and companies, the former is accorded tremendous weight on the scale. That entails acknowledgement of a very far-reaching freedom of expression for the press, and accordingly the press must be permitted, as the public control- and information organ (\u2018public watchdog\u2019), a certain amount of exaggeration and provocation in connection with their discussion of these questions, when factually there are reasons for expressing criticism. On the basis of the information in the case, including the research material that the applicants possessed before the broadcast of the programme, in particular the emails from [the medical doctor from Grosshandorf Hospital in Germany and the professor from Switzerland], the replies by the Minister for Internal Affairs and Health to various questions [posed by Members of Parliament], and the memorandum of 11 June 2008 produced by Copenhagen University Hospital [about pleural mesothelioma cancer], it can be established that Vinorelbine in combination with Cisplatin or Carboplatin was standard treatment at Copenhagen University Hospital, that the European Union on 20 September 2004 approved the marketing of Alimta in connection with Cisplatin for treatment of inoperable patients with pleural mesothelioma cancer, that there was no substantiation or basis for believing that an Alimta-based treatment was more efficient than the treatment offered by Copenhagen University Hospital, that some patients at Copenhagen University Hospital, who were already about to receive Vinorelbine as standard treatment, were chosen and offered the same medicine as part of a test [it is not known for what], and that S did not make any private financial profit from these tests. Against this background, including the fact that the word \u2018approved\u2019 was not explained during the programme, namely the difference between medication approved for treatment and [medication] approved for marketing, and by consistently using the word \u201ctest medication\u201d, even though only one patient in the programme participated in tests, [the applicants] made allegations which were based on an incorrect factual basis, of which they must have been aware via the research material. The aim of the programme \u2013 to make a critical assessment of the treatment of patients with pleural mesothelioma cancer offered by Copenhagen University Hospital and the responsible consultant \u2013 is a legitimate part of the press\u2019s role as \u2018public watchdog\u2019, but it cannot justify an allegation, which is built on a factually incorrect basis, and thus a wrong premise. [The applicants], who did not limit themselves to referring to or disseminating statements by experts, patients and relatives, did not have any basis for making such serious allegations against Copenhagen University Hospital and S. The allegations cannot be justified on the grounds that Copenhagen University Hospital and S refused to participate in the programme. Against this background, and since in relation to Article 10 there is no interest to protect when there is no factual basis for the accusations, the allegations are not unpunishable under Article 269 (1), nor is there any basis for remitting the punishment under Article 269 (2) [of the Penal Code]. It is an aggravating factor that the wrongful accusations were disseminated on national television during primetime and on DR\u2019s homepage, by means of which the accusations had a significant spread. Accordingly, [the High Court] agrees [with the Copenhagen City Court\u2019s judgment] that [the applicants] be fined under Article 267, and that the allegations be declared null and void by virtue of Article 273 (1). The High Court thus dismisses the appeal and upholds the judgment of the Copenhagen City Court. The applicants shall be jointly and severally liable for paying legal costs of the High Court appeal to Copenhagen University Hospital and S, in the amount of DKK 90,000, which constitutes the legal fee inclusive of VAT. In fixing the amount, the High Court took into account the scope and duration of the case.\u201d\n\nOn 27 October 2011 the Appeals Permission Board (Procesbevillingsn\u00e6vnet) refused the applicants\u2019 request for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court (H\u00f8jesteret).\n\nB. Complaints lodged with the Patient Insurance Association\n\nSubsequent to the broadcast on 24 September 2008 of the television programme, four complaints were lodged with the Patient Insurance Association (Patientforsikringen) relating to the issues raised by the programme. A press release published on the Associations\u2019 website on 9 March read as follows: \u201cAs of today, the Patient Insurance Association has received four complaints relating to the treatment of mesothelioma patients with combinatorial drugs other than Carboplatin and Alimta. That treatment was questioned by the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR) in a documentary programme in September 2008. The Patient Insurance Association has received four complaints relating to the criticism raised. This means that the persons claiming compensation are either patients or their dependants, one of the reasons being their belief that the combinatorial drugs administered to treat the disease were incorrect ones. All four complaints have been refused, one of the reasons being that the independent medical oncologists who assessed the cases found that it was in compliance with optimum medical standards to treat patients with the selected combination therapy. Two of the cases have been appealed against to the National Agency for Patients\u2019 Rights and Complaints (Patientskadeanken\u00e6vnet). The National Agency for Patients\u2019 Rights and Complaints upheld the decision of the Patient Insurance Association, finding, inter alia:\u2019... [patients] were offered Carboplatin and Vinorelbine, which must be considered to be as active as other combinations with a favourable profile of adverse reactions\u2019. 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I. the circumstances of the case
Mr Antun Petrovic, an Austrian national, was born in 1950 and lives in Vienna. At the material time, he was a student and worked part time. His wife, who had already finished her university studies and was a civil servant in a federal ministry, gave birth on 27 February 1989. She carried on working while Antun Petrovic took parental leave to look after the child. On 25 April 1989 Mr Petrovic claimed a parental leave allowance (Karenzurlaubsgeld).
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"entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 August 1989", "start_offset": 4292}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4318, "entity_id": "001-58146_a8_e6", "entity_mention_id": "001-58146_a8_em55", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Petrovic", "start_offset": 4307}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 4392, "entity_id": "001-58146_a8_e48", "entity_mention_id": "001-58146_a8_em56", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof)", "start_offset": 4347}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4590, "entity_id": "001-58146_a8_e49", "entity_mention_id": "001-58146_a8_em57", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "12 December 1991", "start_offset": 4574}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5131, "entity_id": "001-58146_a8_e50", "entity_mention_id": "001-58146_a8_em58", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "12 December 1989", "start_offset": 5115}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Antun Petrovic", "meta": {"applicant": "Antun Petrovic", "articles": [91, 34, 49, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1998}, "doc_id": "001-58146", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) on 5 December 1996, within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 \u00a7 1 and Article 47 of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 20458/92) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Commission under Article 25 by an Austrian national, Mr Antun Petrovic, on 3 August 1992. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 and to the declaration whereby Austria recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46). The object of the request was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 14 taken together with Article 8 of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 35 \u00a73 (d) of Rules of Court B, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 31). The lawyer was given leave by the President to use the German language (Rule 28 \u00a7 3).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Mr F. Matscher, the elected judge of Austrian nationality (Article 43 of the Convention), and Mr R. Bernhardt, the Vice-President of the Court (Rule 21 \u00a7 4 (b)). On 20 January 1997, in the presence of the Registrar, the President of the Court, Mr R. Ryssdal, drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr L.-E. Pettiti, Mr B. Walsh, Mr R. Macdonald, Sir John Freeland, Mr M.A. Lopes Rocha, Mr B. Repik and Mr J. Casadevall (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 \u00a7 5). Subsequently, Mr A. Spielmann, substitute judge, replaced Mr Macdonald, who was unable to take part in the further consideration of the case (Rules 22 \u00a7 1 and 24 \u00a7 1).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 \u00a7 6), Mr Bernhardt, acting through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d), the applicant\u2019s lawyer and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 39 \u00a7 1 and 40). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, the Registrar received the applicant\u2019s memorial and the Government\u2019s memorial on 20 and 21 August 1997 respectively. On 19 September 1997 the Commission produced various documents from the proceedings before it, as requested by the Registrar on the President\u2019s instructions.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 23 October 1997. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr W. Okresek, Director of the Constitutional Service, Federal Chancellery, Agent, Mr R. Sauer, Federal Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs, Mrs E. Bertagnoli, International Law Department, Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Advisers; (b) for the Commission Mr B. Marxer, Delegate; (c) for the applicant Mr A. Laimer, of the Vienna Bar, Counsel. The Court heard addresses by Mr Marxer, Mr Laimer and Mr Okresek.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. the circumstances of the case\n\nMr Antun Petrovic, an Austrian national, was born in 1950 and lives in Vienna.\n\nAt the material time, he was a student and worked part time. His wife, who had already finished her university studies and was a civil servant in a federal ministry, gave birth on 27 February 1989. She carried on working while the applicant took parental leave to look after the child.\n\nOn 25 April 1989 Mr Petrovic claimed a parental leave allowance (Karenzurlaubsgeld).\n\nOn 26 May 1989 his claim was turned down by the local employment office (Arbeitsamt) on the ground that section 26(1) of the Unemployment Benefit Act 1977 (see paragraph 14 below) provided that only mothers could claim such an allowance when a child was born.\n\nOn 14 June 1989 the applicant appealed against that decision to the Vienna Regional Employment Office (Landesarbeitsamt). He contended that that provision of the Unemployment Benefit Act, under which men were not entitled to a parental leave allowance, was discriminatory and, therefore, unconstitutional.\n\nOn 4 July 1989 the Regional Employment Office dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal for the same reasons as the local employment office (see paragraph 9 above).\n\nOn 18 August 1989 Mr Petrovic lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof). He again argued that section 26(1) of the Unemployment Benefit Act was unconstitutional, as it was inconsistent with the principle of equality and Article 8 of the Convention.\n\nOn 12 December 1991, after considering the complaint in private, the Constitutional Court declined to accept it for adjudication on the ground that it did not have sufficient prospects of success. Referring to its case-law, the Constitutional Court held that section 26(1) did not infringe the applicant\u2019s constitutional rights and was not contrary to Article 8 or Article 12 of the Convention. It added that even if regard was had to recent statutory amendments (section 26 of the Unemployment Benefit Act had been amended by a federal law of 12 December 1989 \u2013 see paragraph 15 below), the applicant\u2019s complaint was unfounded, seeing that the legislature had a certain amount of time in which to adapt new rules to changes in society (Anpassung gesetzlicher Vorschriften an ge\u00e4nderte Verh\u00e4ltnisse).", "applicant": "Antun Petrovic", "offset": 3077, "idx_mapping": [3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3128, 3129, 3130, 3131, 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3136, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3152, 3153, 3154, 3155, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3159, 3160, 3161, 3162, 3163, 3164, 3165, 3166, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3296, 3297, 3298, 3299, 3300, 3301, 3302, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3308, 3309, 3310, 3311, 3312, 3313, 3314, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341, 3342, 3343, 3344, 3345, 3346, 3347, 3348, 3349, 3350, 3351, 3352, 3353, 3354, 3355, 3356, 3357, 3358, 3359, 3360, 3361, 3362, 3363, 3364, 3365, 3366, 3367, 3368, 3369, 3370, 3371, 3372, 3373, 3374, 3375, 3376, 3377, 3378, 3379, 3380, 3381, 3382, 3383, 3384, 3385, 3386, 3387, 3388, 3389, 3390, 3391, 3392, 3393, 3394, 3395, 3396, 3397, 3398, 3399, 3400, 3401, 3402, 3403, 3404, 3405, 3406, 3407, 3408, 3409, 3410, 3411, 3412, 3413, 3414, 3415, 3416, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3077, 3431, 3432, 3433, 3434, 3435, 3436, 3437, 3438, 3439, 3440, 3441, 3442, 3443, 3444, 3445, 3446, 3447, 3448, 3449, 3450, 3451, 3452, 3453, 3454, 3455, 3456, 3457, 3458, 3459, 3460, 3461, 3462, 3463, 3464, 3465, 3466, 3467, 3468, 3469, 3470, 3471, 3472, 3473, 3474, 3475, 3476, 3477, 3478, 3479, 3480, 3481, 3482, 3483, 3484, 3485, 3486, 3487, 3488, 3489, 3490, 3491, 3492, 3493, 3494, 3495, 3496, 3497, 3498, 3499, 3500, 3501, 3502, 3503, 3504, 3505, 3506, 3507, 3508, 3509, 3510, 3511, 3512, 3513, 3514, 3515, 3516, 3517, 3518, 3519, 3520, 3521, 3522, 3523, 3524, 3525, 3526, 3527, 3528, 3529, 3530, 3531, 3532, 3533, 3534, 3535, 3536, 3537, 3538, 3539, 3540, 3541, 3542, 3543, 3544, 3545, 3546, 3547, 3548, 3549, 3550, 3551, 3552, 3553, 3554, 3555, 3556, 3557, 3558, 3559, 3560], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Marc Brauer was born in 1978 and lives in Rheine. On 26 June 2012 Marc Brauer was arrested on the spot for having damaged with a hammer a number of vehicles parked in the Bocholt courthouse’s car park, and resisting a court’s clerk. As a preliminary measure he was confined to a psychiatric hospital. The court appointed defence counsel to Marc Brauer, who had a previous history of psychiatric treatment going back as far as 1999. On Tuesday 18 December 2012, the Münster Regional Court delivered its judgment and ordered Marc Brauer’s confinement to a psychiatric hospital.
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"entity_mention_id": "001-165757_a8_em54", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 8460}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8672, "entity_id": "001-165757_a8_e40", "entity_mention_id": "001-165757_a8_em55", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 June 2013", "start_offset": 8660}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8705, "entity_id": "001-165757_a8_e39", "entity_mention_id": "001-165757_a8_em56", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Constitutional Court", "start_offset": 8677}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 8830, "entity_id": "001-165757_a8_e41", "entity_mention_id": "001-165757_a8_em57", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2 BvR 1243/13", "start_offset": 8817}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Marc Brauer", "meta": {"applicant": "Marc Brauer", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2016}, "doc_id": "001-165757", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 24062/13) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a German national, Mr Marc Brauer (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 23 March 2013.\n\nThe German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms K. Behr, of the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection.\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, that he was not granted a reinstatement of the proceedings after he overstepped the time\u2011limit to lodge an appeal on points of law concerning a criminal court\u2019s order to confine him to a psychiatric hospital.\n\nOn 26 May 2015 the complaint concerning the refusal to grant a reinstatement was communicated to the Government and the remainder of the application was declared inadmissible pursuant to Rule 54 \u00a7 3 of the Rules of Court.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1978 and lives in Rheine.\n\nOn 26 June 2012 the applicant was arrested on the spot for having damaged with a hammer a number of vehicles parked in the Bocholt courthouse\u2019s car park, and resisting a court\u2019s clerk. As a preliminary measure he was confined to a psychiatric hospital. The court appointed defence counsel to the applicant, who had a previous history of psychiatric treatment going back as far as 1999.\n\nOn Tuesday 18 December 2012, the M\u00fcnster Regional Court delivered its judgment and ordered the applicant\u2019s confinement to a psychiatric hospital. It held that the applicant could not be held criminally responsible and was mentally ill. According to the court\u2019s psychiatric expert, he was psychotic and aggressive, did not show any awareness of his illness and it was likely that he would commit further, even more serious crimes.\n\nWhen the judgment was delivered in the presence of the applicant, his court\u2011appointed defence counsel and the applicant\u2019s custodian (gesetzlicher Betreuer), the applicant became agitated. He told the court\u2011appointed lawyer that he wished for a change in representation and declared that he wanted to appeal against the decision himself. He was informed that this was not possible on the spot. The presiding judge instructed him about the time and form for lodging an appeal on points of law. He was then returned to the forensic hospital where, when in contact with others, he showed no more signs of agitation.\n\nOn Friday 21 December 2012 the applicant received a letter from the court\u2011appointed lawyer, dated 19 December 2012, who advised him as follows: \u201c... You already announced immediately after the hearing that you wanted to appeal against the court\u2019s decision and also to mandate new defence counsel. We respect your wish for new counsel and hereby terminate the mandate. Regarding the remedy you wished for, we give the following advice: You may appeal on points of law against the decision of the M\u00fcnster Regional Court (Bocholt Chamber) within one week after the judgment was delivered, thus until 27 December 2012 at the latest. Appeal on points of law may be lodged either with the record of the registry or in writing. Since you are not at liberty, the special provision of Article 299 of the CCP applies to you. This means that you can make statements relating to appellate remedies to the record of the registry of the District Court in whose district the institution is located. Thus, the Rheine District Court would be competent. According to Article 299 \u00a7 2 of the CCP, in order to meet the time-limit it suffices if the record is taken within the time-limit. In your own interest you should take care that the appeal is lodged in time. For the sake of completeness we refer to Article 345 of the CCP which prescribes that the specific grounds of the appeal shall be submitted to the court whose judgment is being contested no later than one month after expiry of the time\u2011limit for seeking the appellate remedy. If the judgment has not been served by the expiry of that time\u2011limit, the time\u2011limit shall start to run upon the service thereof. In your case this may only be done in the form of a notice signed by defence counsel or by an attorney, or to be recorded by the court registry.\u201d\n\nStill, on 21 December 2012 the applicant typed and signed an appeal letter to the Rheine District Court and asked the clinic\u2019s staff to post it. This was done on the following day (Saturday 22 December).\n\nOn Friday 28 December 2012 the applicant\u2019s appeal letter reached the Rheine District Court, and was forwarded to the M\u00fcnster Regional Court where it was received on 3 January 2013.\n\nOn 8 January 2013 the Regional Court informed the applicant that his appeal was belated. It underlined that the applicant had been instructed after the judgment\u2019s delivery that an appeal could only be recorded by the registry of the District Court but could not be lodged in writing.\n\nOn 14 January 2013 the court\u2011appointed lawyer, who had resumed his activity for the applicant, requested a reinstatement of the proceedings in accordance with Article 44 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Wiedereinsetzung in den vorherigen Stand - see paragraph 19 below) and lodged an appeal on points of law. He explained that the applicant had misunderstood his counsel\u2019s instruction on how to lodge an appeal. The applicant had believed that he was able to choose whether he wanted to lodge the appeal in writing or have it recorded by the registry either at the Rheine District Court or the M\u00fcnster Regional Court. He could also have expected the appeal, posted on 22 December, to reach the Rheine District Court by 27 December 2012.\n\nOn 11 March 2013 the Federal Prosecutor General observed, inter alia, that: \u201cHe [defence counsel] referred to Article 299 of the Code of Criminal Procedure by using wording which was not per se wrong but potentially misleading because it could be understood that the appeal on points of law might be lodged either (by the applicant himself) with the record of the Rheine District Court\u2019s registry or in writing with the same court.\u201d However, according to the Federal Prosecutor General, the oral instruction on the day of the hearing was sufficient.\n\nOn 9 April 2013 the court-appointed lawyer submitted that: \u201c... already at the time of trial the applicant was confined to a psychiatric clinic because of his mental illness. It may be that the oral instructions on the right to appeal given after the delivery of the judgment were correct and complete. However, when judgment was passed which ordered his confinement to a psychiatric hospital, the applicant was not in his right mind. Communication between the applicant and his defence counsel was impossible. The applicant was obviously in an exceptional mental state. In such a situation, taking into account the applicant\u2019s psychiatric illness, it must be assumed that he had not understood the oral instructions on the right to appeal which were given immediately after the delivery of the judgment.\u201d\n\nOn 24 April 2013 the Federal Court of Justice rejected the applicant\u2019s request for reinstatement and consequently dismissed his appeal on points of law as inadmissible because it had been lodged out of time. It held that it was not necessary to examine whether, with regard to the Christmas holidays, the applicant should have expected his letter to be delivered only on 28 December 2012. Rather, it found decisive that the applicant had been expressly instructed on the day of the judgment\u2019s delivery that an appeal could only be lodged with the Rheine District Court to the record of the registry, but not in writing. An accused who misunderstood the oral instruction and therefore lodged an appeal out of time was himself responsible for this. The Federal Court of Justice distinguished the applicant\u2019s case from case\u2011law which made exceptions for a foreigner who was not defended by counsel. Moreover, the applicant\u2019s defence counsel had given him instructions on the form and time\u2011limit for an appeal. According to the Federal Court of Justice, the content of this letter was not misleading but reflected correctly the applicable law. There was nothing to show that the applicant might not have understood the oral instructions by the presiding judge for mental health reasons. He misunderstood the subsequent written instructions of his defence counsel in the same way.\n\nThe applicant filed a constitutional complaint to the Federal Constitutional Court. He stated, inter alia, that another lawyer had advised him that his court\u2011appointed defence counsel had been under an obligation to file the appeal on points of law.\n\nOn 29 June 2013 the Federal Constitutional Court declined to consider the applicant\u2019s constitutional complaint for adjudication, without providing reasons (no. 2 BvR 1243/13).", "applicant": "Marc Brauer", "offset": 978, "idx_mapping": [978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 978, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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I. The circumstances of the case
Pierre Müller was born in 1968 and lives in Vienna. He is the managing director (Geschäftsführer) of the M company. On 24 January 1994 an officer of the Vienna Employment Office (Landesarbeitsamt) found Mr S, a Polish national, working on the construction site of the M company without employment or work permit. Having obtained Pierre Müller's submissions on 11 August 1994, the Vienna municipality (Magistrat), on 10 August 1995, issued a penal order (Straferkenntnis) against Pierre Müller in which it convicted him under ss.
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"001-77265_a8_em47", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "26 March 1999", "start_offset": 3818}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3904, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e25", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em48", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "IAP", "start_offset": 3901}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4015, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e33", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em49", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 3995}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4066, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e35", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em50", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "6 April 1999", "start_offset": 4054}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 4158, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e36", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em51", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "17 May 1999", "start_offset": 4147}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4183, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e33", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em52", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 4163}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4200, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e25", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em53", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "IAP", "start_offset": 4197}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4235, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e37", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em54", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3 September 2002", "start_offset": 4219}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4388, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e17", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em55", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Polish", "start_offset": 4382}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 4472, "entity_id": "001-77265_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-77265_a8_em56", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3 October 2002", "start_offset": 4458}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Pierre M\u00fcller", "meta": {"applicant": "Pierre M\u00fcller", "articles": [91, 34, 112, 55, 45, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 112, 55, 45, 50, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 50, 57, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2006}, "doc_id": "001-77265", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 12555/03) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Pierre M\u00fcller (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 3 April 2003.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr Herbert Pochieser, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 15 September 2005 the Court decided to communicate the complaint concerning the length of the proceedings to the Government. Applying Article 29 \u00a7 3 of the Convention, it decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. The circumstances of the case\n\nThe applicant was born in 1968 and lives in Vienna. He is the managing director (Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer) of the M company.\n\nOn 24 January 1994 an officer of the Vienna Employment Office (Landesarbeitsamt) found Mr S, a Polish national, working on the construction site of the M company without employment or work permit.\n\nHaving obtained the applicant's submissions on 11 August 1994, the Vienna municipality (Magistrat), on 10 August 1995, issued a penal order (Straferkenntnis) against the applicant in which it convicted him under ss. 28 and 3 of the Employment of Aliens Act (Ausl\u00e4nderbesch\u00e4ftigungs-gesetz) of illegal employment of a foreigner and sentenced him to a fine of 10,000 ATS (approximately 700 EUR).\n\nOn 28 May 1996 the Vienna Independent Administrative Panel (Unabh\u00e4ngiger Verwaltungssenat, IAP), having held two public hearings, confirmed this decision. It did not follow the applicant's argument that he was not guilty as he had not known about the illegal employment of Mr S and had ordered a subordinate to observe the legality of the M company's employment policy. The IAP noted that the applicant had failed to set up an effective supervising system and had not shown how and when he had exercised control whether his orders were respected. It concluded that the applicant had not convincingly shown that no fault lay with him within the meaning of section 5 \u00a7 1 of the Code of Administrative Offences (Verwaltungsstrafgesetz).\n\nThe applicant filed a complaint with the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) on 22 July 1996. On the same day he lodged a further complaint against another penal order of the IAP concerning also illegal employment of foreigners. The Constitutional Court joined these proceedings and, on 24 September 1996, granted the applicant's requests for suspensive effect.\n\nAt the same time, proceedings concerning complaints lodged by another managing director of the M company and the M company itself were pending before the Constitutional Court which involved the review of the constitutionality of a specific provision of the Employment of Aliens Act.\n\nOn 15 October 1998 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the applicant's complaint for lack of prospect of success. It referred to its decision of 2 October 1997 in which it had found that the Independent Administrative Panels in principle qualified as \u201ctribunals\u201d but that the IAP in this case lacked \u201cindependence\u201d as the deciding judge was a former civil servant of the federal authority which had issued the impugned decision and was likely to return after his term of office to the federal authority which had issued the impugned decision. The Constitutional Court noted that in the present case there was no concrete indication of lack of independence of the deciding member of the Vienna IAP. Upon the applicant's request, it transferred the case to the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof).\n\nOn 26 March 1999 the applicant submitted his amended complaint and submitted that the IAP's decision was unlawful on account of its content and the breach of procedural rules. The Administrative Court instituted preliminary proceedings on 6 April 1999. On the same date it granted suspensive effect to the applicant's complaint. On 17 May 1999 the Administrative Court obtained the IAP's submissions. On 3 September 2002 it dismissed the applicant's complaint. On the same day it also confirmed the applicant's conviction concerning illegal employment of three other Polish nationals. These decisions were served on the applicant's counsel on 3 October 2002.", "applicant": "Pierre M\u00fcller", "offset": 861, "idx_mapping": [861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 861, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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John Bryan, Mr John Bryan, is a farmer and a contractor. He was born in 1931 and resides in Warrington, Cheshire. On 4 December 1989 an enforcement notice was issued and served on Mr Bryan by the Vale Royal Borough Council requiring the demolition of two brick buildings on land which John Bryan had bought in 1987. The enforcement notice recited that there appeared to the Council to be a breach of planning control in that the two brick buildings had been erected without the necessary planning permission. The notice required John Bryan to demolish the buildings and remove the building materials within three months.
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{"annotations": {"annotator1": null, "annotator10": null, "annotator11": null, "annotator12": null, "annotator2": null, "annotator3": null, "annotator4": null, "annotator5": null, "annotator6": null, "annotator7": null, "annotator8": {"entity_mentions": [{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 65, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e1", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em1", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "9 September 1994", "start_offset": 49}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 151, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e2", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em2", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "three-month", "start_offset": 140}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 291, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e3", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em3", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19178/91", "start_offset": 283}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 357, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e4", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em4", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "start_offset": 305}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 424, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e5", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em5", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "British", "start_offset": 417}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 447, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e6", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em6", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": [], "span_text": "Mr John Bryan", "start_offset": 434}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 467, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e7", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em7", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "29 October 1991", "start_offset": 452}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 593, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e8", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em8", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "United Kingdom", "start_offset": 579}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1163, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e9", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em9", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Sir John Freeland", "start_offset": 1146}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1193, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e5", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em10", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "British", "start_offset": 1186}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1265, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e10", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em11", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": ["001-57954_a8_em20"], "span_text": "Mr R. Ryssdal", "start_offset": 1252}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1337, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em12", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "24 September 1994", "start_offset": 1320}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1459, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e12", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em13", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr R. Bernhardt", "start_offset": 1444}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1475, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e13", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em14", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr F. Matscher", "start_offset": 1461}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1490, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em15", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr I. Foighel", "start_offset": 1477}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1511, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e15", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em16", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr M.A. Lopes Rocha", "start_offset": 1492}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 1528, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e16", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em17", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr J. 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"001-57954_a8_em65", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Lionel Read", "start_offset": 11343}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13922, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e56", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em66", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "14 October 1993", "start_offset": 13907}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14038, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em67", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 14028}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14240, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em68", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 14230}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14376, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em69", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "High Court", "start_offset": 14366}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14467, "entity_id": "001-57954_a8_e57", "entity_mention_id": "001-57954_a8_em70", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "11 June 1991", "start_offset": 14455}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: John Bryan", "meta": {"applicant": "John Bryan", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1995}, "doc_id": "001-57954", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court on 9 September 1994 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c), within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 of the Convention (art. 32-1, art. 47). It originated in an application (no. 19178/91) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) by a British citizen, Mr John Bryan, on 29 October 1991. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the United Kingdom recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The object of the request was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 para. 1 (art. 6-1) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3 (d) of Rules of Court A, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Sir John Freeland, the elected judge of British nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). On 24 September 1994, in the presence of the Registrar, the President drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr R. Bernhardt, Mr F. Matscher, Mr I. Foighel, Mr M.A. Lopes Rocha, Mr J. Makarczyk, Mr D. Gotchev and Mr U. Lohmus (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5), Mr Ryssdal, through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201c), the applicant\u2019s lawyer and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 37 para. 1 and 38). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, the Registrar received the applicant\u2019s memorial on 28 February 1995 and the Government\u2019s memorial on 7 March 1995. The Secretary to the Commission later informed him that the Delegate would submit her observations at the hearing.\n\nOn 2 May 1995 the Commission produced to the Court the documents in the proceedings before it, as requested by the Registrar on the President\u2019s instructions.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 23 May 1995. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr I. Christie, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Agent, Mr D. Pannick, QC, Mr D. Anderson, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Mr D. Russell, Ms E. Dixon, Ms L.M. Aspinall, Department of the Environment, Advisers; (b) for the Commission Mrs J. Liddy, Delegate; (c) for the applicant Mr E. Owen, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Mr R.M. Napier, Solicitor, Mr E. Schofield, Adviser. The Court heard addresses by Mrs Liddy, Mr Owen and Mr Pannick as well as replies to its questions.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant, Mr John Bryan, is a farmer and a contractor. He was born in 1931 and resides in Warrington, Cheshire.\n\nOn 4 December 1989 an enforcement notice was issued and served on Mr Bryan by the Vale Royal Borough Council requiring the demolition of two brick buildings on land which the applicant had bought in 1987. The enforcement notice recited that there appeared to the Council to be a breach of planning control in that the two brick buildings had been erected without the necessary planning permission. The notice required the applicant to demolish the buildings and remove the building materials within three months. In doing so, the authorities acted in accordance with section 172 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, which consolidated earlier legislation (\u201cTCPA\u201c - see paragraph 18 below).\n\nThe applicant appealed to the Secretary of State for the Environment under section 174 (2) (a), (b), (g) and (h) TCPA (see paragraph 19 below).\n\nIn accordance with the relevant legislation (see paragraph 20 below), an inspector was appointed to conduct an inquiry and determine the appeal. He was a Principal Housing and Planning Inspector, a civil servant and a member of the salaried staff of the Department of the Environment. He had been appointed by the Secretary of State after approval of the Lord Chancellor. In his decision letter of 1 October 1990 the inspector rejected the appeal under grounds (a), (b), and (g) but allowed it under ground (h) to the extent that the compliance period should be extended from three to six months. He held, inter alia, as follows: \u201cThe appeal on ground (b) ... (12) What I need to decide in respect of this ground of appeal is whether, as a matter of fact and degree, the buildings could, from their appearance and layout, be considered to have been designed for the purposes of agriculture. I conclude, from examination of photographs taken during construction and from noting the alterations made since, that the Council were right to be concerned that the appeal buildings had the appearance of large detached houses. The size, layout, and original external appearance of the buildings and their detailing did little to change that view. (13) In my opinion, as originally constructed, the buildings would have led any reasonable person to have concluded that he or she was looking at the start of a small new detached housing estate. Indeed, that appeared to be the widely held view of many local people, supported by the local Member of Parliament, who were concerned to see what was being built on the edge of the village. The more recent construction of an, as yet, uncompleted but similar building close to the two appeal buildings serves to compound the effect. (14) But it is the original appearance of the two appeal buildings and particularly the first assessment of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food which convinces me that the buildings were not requisite or reasonably necessary for the purposes of agriculture. Numerous features of the buildings were more suited to houses than barns. The original openings in building No. 1 were said to be doorways for a veal calf unit. But this building did not incorporate internal drainage considered necessary for such stock. The doorways appeared to have been more likely to have been useful as window openings, none reached ground level as built; one was almost waist high above outside ground level measured from the lower edge of the unbonded brickwork added later. Other features in both buildings include the extensive use of Georgian-style windows and other windows made for domestic use. I understand that Mr Bryan\u2019s contacts allowed him to buy these windows cheaply. But whatever their source, they contribute to an impression that the buildings look more like houses than barns. There are other features which add to that view. The use of domestic-style eaves and gable barge boarding. The residential look of the \u2018porch\u2019 to No. 1 building. And the [Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food\u2019s] view about the uneconomic layout of both buildings as originally built all add to the impression that these buildings were not designed for agricultural purposes, albeit they have since been modified and adapted for such a use. (15) You said that the buildings looked like many local old barns. But it is my view that, as originally built, the appeal buildings would have looked much more like houses. They did not look as if they had been designed for the purposes of agriculture. My opinion is not altered by my finding them now being used for storing hay. The appeal on ground (b) fails. The appeal on ground (a) (16) The appeal buildings lie in part of the green belt ... They also lie within the Higher Whitley Conservation Area but outside the village policy area for Higher Whitley shown on the draft Vale Royal Borough Local Plan. In my opinion, the decision turns on the following main issues. Whether, if the development is inappropriate to the green belt, there are any special circumstances to justify the granting of planning permission; secondly, whether the appeal buildings enhance or preserve the character or appearance of the conservation area. I shall also consider the effect of the development on the countryside surrounding the village. (17) ... (18) The appeal buildings have neither enhanced nor preserved the appearance of this part of the conservation area, rather the reverse. Much of the pleasant nature of the area is derived from the grouping of the older housing around the centre and from its rural and agricultural setting. The two appeal buildings look like part of a small estate of detached houses with access roads and suitable garden areas. The third building, not subject of this appeal, exacerbates this impression. (19) These objections amount to sound and clear-cut reasons why planning permission should be withheld. The fact that other buildings or buildings of a broadly similar nature, if considered to be designed for agricultural purposes, could be built under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1988, does not affect my decision. The appeal on ground (a) fails. The appeal on ground (g) (20) You said that demolition of the buildings and the removal of the materials was an excessive requirement. I do not agree. Harm to the purpose of the green belt has been caused. The appearance and character of the conservation area has not been either enhanced or preserved. Encroachment on the countryside has occurred. Making the buildings look more like those which might have been permitted development as you suggested could mitigate a little of the harm I have identified. But this is not just a matter of cosmetics. The main objections would remain. In my opinion, the proper and necessary course of action is that required by the notice. That includes removal of materials. Such a requirement would not preclude their re-use on site for any possible future permitted development. The appeal on ground (g) fails. The appeal on ground (h) (21) ... Mr Bryan wanted more time in order to erect a replacement or replacements before demolition. I see no need to insist on a period which would make undue difficulty for him. I will increase the period to 6 months ... (22) I have taken account of all the other matters raised, including the possibility of your client putting up a large steel-clad building under permitted development rights, but find they do not affect my decision.\u201c\n\nThe applicant appealed against this decision under section 289 TCPA (see paragraph 24 below). In his Notice of Motion, the applicant first alleged that the inspector had \u201cerred in law in applying the wrong test in deciding whether the buildings were permitted development under the provisions of the ... General Development Order\u201c and \u201cin considering that the said buildings were not requisite or reasonably necessary for the purposes of agriculture when there was no evidence upon which any reasonable inspector could so find\u201c. The subsequent grounds of appeal dealt expressly with grounds (a) and (g) of the appeal to the Secretary of State (see paragraph 9 above).\n\nThe appeal was dismissed by the High Court on 8 March 1991, the judge, Mr Lionel Read, QC, finding inter alia as follows: \u201cA principal argument on behalf of the applicant at the inquiry under [ground] (b) was that the erection of the two buildings was permitted development under the General Development Order ... ... The applicant does not challenge the inspector\u2019s decision under ground (b). Nevertheless paragraphs 14 and 15 of the decision letter, where he is still dealing with that ground, are relevant to the court\u2019s consideration of his decision on grounds (a) and (g) ... ... In my judgment ... it cannot be said that the inspector failed to take into account the fact that the applicant might, within his General Development Order rights, erect buildings of a broadly similar nature. He addressed that very consideration in terms at paragraph 19 of his decision letter. Because the applicant had those rights and wanted more time to erect a replacement or replacements, the inspector extended the applicant\u2019s time for complying with the enforcement notice under ground (h). Whether the existence of these General Development Order rights provided sufficient reason for the inspector to grant planning permission for the buildings in fact erected, whether or not conditioned as suggested by the applicant, was a matter for judgment - the inspector\u2019s judgment. Whether another decision-maker would have reached the same conclusion as did this inspector is not to the point. Nor is the view of this court, which does not sit on appeal from the judgment of inspectors, relevant. I am unable to say that there was anything irrational in the inspector\u2019s decision. In particular, the question whether the alterations proposed to a building were, as he evidently thought, a \u2018matter of cosmetics\u2019 and would not meet the main objections was entirely a matter of planning judgment for him. It is to be remembered that, in order to stay within his General Development Order rights, the applicant must erect replacement buildings which, by their appearance and layout, could be considered as designed for the purposes of agriculture. If they are, their effect on the green belt, the countryside and the conservation area is irrelevant to the exercise of that right. That does not, however, in my judgment mean that the inspector acted irrationally in concluding that the buildings in fact erected without permission under the General Development Order were objectionable and should be demolished. In the result, I find no error of law and I dismiss the application.\u201c\n\nAt the hearing held before the European Commission of Human Rights on 14 October 1993, the applicant\u2019s representatives stated that, although they had not represented the applicant before the High Court, they surmised that the challenge to the inspector\u2019s ground (b) reasoning had been raised in the Notice of Motion and then abandoned at the hearing because of the limited jurisdiction of the High Court. In confirmation of this, the applicant furnished the Court with a statement by the barrister who had represented him in the High Court.\n\nLeave to appeal to the Court of Appeal was refused. 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Mary Kehoe married Mr K in 1983. They had four children. The marriage broke down and Mary Kehoe applied for divorce. Mr K left the marital home at the beginning of 1994. The children remained with Mary Kehoe who, in December 1993, had applied to the Child Support Agency (“the CSA”) to obtain financial support from their father for bringing up the children.
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"insert", "end_offset": 9356, "entity_id": "001-86980_a8_e65", "entity_mention_id": "001-86980_a8_em82", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mrs [K.]", "start_offset": 9348}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 10788, "entity_id": "001-86980_a8_e66", "entity_mention_id": "001-86980_a8_em83", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mrs [K]", "start_offset": 10781}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 11164, "entity_id": "001-86980_a8_e67", "entity_mention_id": "001-86980_a8_em84", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Baroness Hale of Richmond", "start_offset": 11139}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13697, "entity_id": "001-86980_a8_e60", "entity_mention_id": "001-86980_a8_em85", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Justice Wall", "start_offset": 13682}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13776, "entity_id": "001-86980_a8_e68", "entity_mention_id": "001-86980_a8_em86", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "27 April 2005", "start_offset": 13763}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Mary Kehoe", "meta": {"applicant": "Mary Kehoe", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2008}, "doc_id": "001-86980", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 2010/06) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by Irish nationals, Ms Mary Kehoe (\u201cthe applicant\u201c) and her four children on 12 January 2006.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Ms Whitfield, a lawyer practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms K. McCleery of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London.\n\nThe applicant alleged that there had been unreasonable delay in enforcing the financial obligations of her ex-partner in respect of child support and that she had had no access to court in this regard, invoking Articles 6 and 13 of the Convention.\n\nBy a decision of 26 June 2007, the Court declared the application partly admissible as regarded the applicant\u2019s complaint of lack of access to court, inadmissible as regarded her children.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed further written observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The applicant replied in writing to the Government\u2019s observations. The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 3 in fine).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant married Mr K in 1983. They had four children. The marriage broke down and the applicant applied for divorce. Mr K left the marital home at the beginning of 1994. The children remained with the applicant who, in December 1993, had applied to the Child Support Agency (\u201cthe CSA\u201d) to obtain financial support from their father for bringing up the children. There had been an oral agreement that he pay GBP 150 maintenance per week towards the support of the children. According to the applicant, some payments had been voluntarily made but they had rapidly ceased. She only had a limited income from a part-time evening job and child benefit and even when she obtained full-time secretarial employment in 1994 she was struggling financially.\n\nThe CSA did not send a Maintenance Enquiry Form (MEF) to Mr K until 25 May 1995, which resulted in the applicant losing the opportunity to receive maintenance for the period prior to that date.\n\nOn 13 July 1995 Mr K returned the MEF accepting paternity. Insufficient information was given to allow a full maintenance assessment to be made. An interim maintenance assessment (IMA) was issued with effect from 5 October 1995.\n\nMr K\u2019s liability changed many times after that date, inter alia as his employment changed and it proved difficult to obtain information.\n\nAccording to the summary in the later High Court judgment, the key features were as follows:\n\nBy March 1996 arrears of GBP 4,244 had accumulated.\n\nThe CSA negotiated an agreement with Mr K that he would pay under the IMA, GBP 124.33 per week plus GBP 25.67 towards arrears.\n\nOn 21 June 1996 a liability order was applied for because he had breached the agreement. The order was discontinued when regular payments were resumed.\n\nOn 1 February 1999 the Secretary of State issued an apology to the applicant for the inconvenience caused by the delay in issuing the MEF and paid her GBP 10,381.14, comprising the amount of child support she might have received up to that point if the MEF had been sent at the proper time, namely GBP 8,632.04 (inclusive of interest), and GBP 1,749.10 ex gratia compensation.\n\nOn 1 September 1999, the CSA issued a further apology about the service which she had received and made an additional \u201cconsolatory\u201c compensation payment of GBP 110.\n\nIn December 1999 and April 2000, the CSA paid the arrears not yet received plus interest for the delay.\n\nOn 15 December 2000 a second application for a liability order was granted for GBP 6,329.24, covering arrears from May 1995 to 11 September 2000. Payments were not made and bailiffs were instructed to levy distress, but were unsuccessful.\n\nOn 31 January 2001 the liability order was registered as a county court debt. Consideration was given to a committal order but the policy was to use this only as a last resort.\n\nOn 9 October 2001 a deduction of earnings order (EO) was issued for GBP 608.80 per month, increased to GBP 889.06 on 21 February 2002. Following this Mr K again stopped paying. EOs on the company of which he was a director proved unsuccessful. In an interview with the CSA Mr K alleged that he had stopped paying as two of the qualifying children had been living with him for five years and a third had moved in recently, while the fourth had gone to live with the mother in Spain. The CSA was aware of the changed circumstances of the children and had taken this into account in assessments. Having established that the applicant was permanently resident in Spain the case was closed on 13 January 2003 with effect from 30 September 2002. Arrears remained due however and the CSA continued to seek to enforce them.\n\nOn 8 November 2002 a committal hearing was held. Mr K admitted owing GBP 6,329.24 for the period 25 May 1995 to 11 September 2000 and GBP 13,859.12 for the period 12 September 2000 until 4 September 2002. He agreed to pay the former sum by 8 July 2003 and the latter sum at GBP 500 per month from November 2002.\n\nPayment was not made in November 2002. He was contacted on 10 December 2002 and told that unless payment was made by 13 December 2002 committal proceedings would be restored. A payment of GBP 1,500 was made on 30 December 2002.\n\nThe applicant brought proceedings under the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), seeking a declaration that the provisions of the Child Support Act 1991 were incompatible with Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention as they denied a parent with care of children access to court in connection with disputes as to whether the absent parent had paid or ought to pay sums due under a maintenance assessment or as to the manner in which the obligations under the maintenance assessment should be enforced and seeking damages under section 7 of the HRA based on the CSA\u2019s undue delay after 2 October 2000 in taking steps to enforce the child maintenance assessments obtained in this case. She maintained that she had expended much energy and suffered much stress in attempting to get the CSA to obtain payments for her and had been repeatedly told that the dispute was between the CSA and Mr K and did not involve herself; she believed that she would not have received a fraction of the money eventually paid if she had not continually pressurised the CSA and complained of their inaction and inability to obtain maintenance for her.\n\nOn 16 May 2003, Mr Justice Wall found that the applicant had a civil right to seek maintenance for her children from their father, such right being an autonomous substantive right, plainly recognised in English law and provided for by domestic legislation. The exclusion of the claimant from the enforcement process imposed a procedural bar on the prosecution/enforcement of the claim which engaged Article 6. He found that the court was given jurisdiction by the HRA such that if the CSA had acted in any way incompatible with the claimant\u2019s Article 6 rights she could bring an action for damages under section 7, while any decision by the CSA not to enforce or any failure to enforce timeously or effectively would be subject to challenge by judicial review. On this basis the scheme under the 1991 Act was HRA compliant and she was not entitled to a declaration of incompatibility. He issued directions with a view to an eventual trial as to whether there had been undue delay and to determine any damages. This part of the order was stayed pending appeal to the Court of Appeal.\n\nOn 5 March 2004, the Court of Appeal upheld the Secretary of State\u2019s appeal and dismissed the applicant\u2019s cross-appeal. It held, as summarised in the head note: \u201cthat the Child Support Act 1991 introduced a new child support system, its self- contained nature being a critical feature of its effect in domestic law; that the scheme was built firmly on the central premise that the assessment, collection and enforcement of maintenance orders should be in the hands of the Child Support Agency and consequentially it redefined the rights and obligations of parents and those caring for children; that there was no justification for departing from the general principle that Article 6 was concerned only with disputes recognisable as such under domestic law and founded on the existence of an underlying right; that under the scheme the applicant had no legal right in domestic law to a child maintenance payment of any particular amount or at all; and that, accordingly, she was unable to assert that she had an arguable civil right under Article 6 which entitled her to a determination by a court.\u201d\n\nThe Court of Appeal further held that the judge had erred in finding that she had a right to damages to supplement her limited right of judicial review; damages could only be awarded where the Act was incompatible with Article 6, and the Act did not become incompatible because of a lack of entitlement to damages for its incompatibility.\n\nOn 14 July 2005, the House of Lords, by a majority of four to one, rejected the applicant\u2019s appeal.\n\nLord Bingham of Cornhill stated in rejecting the appeal: \u201c[6] That a caring parent in the position of Mrs [K.] was given no right of recovering or enforcing a claim to child maintenance against an absent or non-resident parent was not a lacuna or inadvertent omission in the 1991 Act: it was the essence of the new scheme, a deliberate departure from the regime which had previously obtained. The merits of that scheme are not for the House in its judicial capacity to evaluate. But plainly the scheme did not lack a coherent rationale. The state has an interest, most directly in cases where public funds are disbursed, but also more generally that children should be adequately supported. It might well be thought that a single professional agency, with the resources of the state behind it and an array of powers at its command, would be more consistent in assessing and more effective and economical in enforcing payment than individual parents acting in a random and uncoordinated way. It might also be thought that the interposition of an independent, neutral, official body would reduce the acrimony which had all too frequently characterised applications for child maintenance by caring against absent or non-resident parents in the past which, however understandable in the aftermath of a fractured relationship, rarely enured to the benefit of the children. For better or worse, the process was deliberately changed. [7] The 1991 Act cannot in my opinion be interpreted as conferring any right on a parent in the position of Mrs [K]. She is of course the person to whom child maintenance will be paid, directly or indirectly and subject to any deduction of benefit, as the person who incurs the expense of bringing up the children. But the right which she had enjoyed under the former legislation was removed, and the right to recover the maintenance has been vested in the CSA...\u201c\n\nBaroness Hale of Richmond, dissenting, found that prior to the 1991 Act a father had, at common law, a duty to maintain his legitimate minor children which had always been unenforceable in the courts. However it had been expanded and reinforced by two kinds of statutory obligation: a private law obligation to make the payments ordered by a court under various statutes (e.g. matrimonial and family proceedings) and a public law obligation to reimburse the State for benefits paid for the children. The new scheme which transferred the task of assessing and collecting maintenance from the courts did not however remove these obligations or the corresponding right of the child to benefit from them. The obligation of a parent to maintain his children and the right of the children to have the benefit of the parental obligation to maintain them were not wholly contained in the 1991 Act. The 1991 Act left all previous law intact save precluding courts from using their powers in cases where the CSA was supposed to do it for them. Accordingly the children\u2019s civil right to parental support survived the 1991 Act which acted not only as a limit to the extent of the obligation but also as a limit to its enforcement. Article 6 was therefore engaged.\n\nIn assessing whether the limitations on enforcement of those rights was compatible with the Convention, Baroness Hale noted that there was undoubtedly a legitimate aim. Although the non-enforceability by the custodial parent in non-benefit cases was not a necessary feature of comparable child support schemes elsewhere in the common law world, the matter had been debated. That possibility was rejected as the Government did not want to create one law for the rich and one for the poor. There were also cases where the parent with care was sometimes in receipt of benefits and at other times not. She concluded that this was just the sort of policy choice in a socio-economic field which the courts were usually prepared to leave to the judgment of Parliament, which was best able to make the decision as to which scheme would most effectively secure the recognition and enforcement of the children\u2019s rights generally. It would be difficult to hold that the scheme as a whole was incompatible with the children\u2019s rights to a speedy determination and enforcement of their claims. That said, she considered that the public authority charged by Parliament with securing those rights was under a duty to act compliantly with Article 6. She would therefore have allowed the appeal and restored Mr Justice Wall\u2019s order.\n\nMeanwhile, all money owed to the applicant was paid by 27 April 2005 and her case was closed.", "applicant": "Mary Kehoe", "offset": 1337, "idx_mapping": [1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1337, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Erich Kiefer is an Austrian citizen, born in 1946 and resident in Graz in Austria. He resided in Switzerland from 1979-1984, working as a lorry driver and paying contributions to the Swiss social security insurance. In 1983 Erich Kiefer suffered an injury and became partly disabled. On 7 November 1985 he requested pension benefits from the Swiss Invalidity Insurance (Invalidenversicherung). As a result, the Invalidity Insurance Commission (Invalidenversicherungs-Kommission) was called upon to examine the case and the Swiss Compensation Office (Schweizerische Ausgleichskasse) to decide it.
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"001-58526_a8_e28", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em109", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Austria", "start_offset": 6271}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6286, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e83", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em110", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1984", "start_offset": 6282}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6295, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e84", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em111", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1985", "start_offset": 6291}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6316, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e85", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em112", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": 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"NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "10 years", "start_offset": 7200}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7302, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e95", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em123", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "7 April 1984", "start_offset": 7290}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 7505, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e96", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em124", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "ten years", "start_offset": 7496}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7629, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em125", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "23 December 1987", "start_offset": 7613}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7989, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e96", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em126", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "ten years", "start_offset": 7980}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8236, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e97", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em127", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 November 1994", "start_offset": 8220}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 8306, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e98", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em128", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Insurance Court (Eidgen\u00f6ssisches Versicherungsgericht)", "start_offset": 8244}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8353, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e99", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em129", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "25 November 1994", "start_offset": 8337}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8446, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e6", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em130", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 April 1995", "start_offset": 8433}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8597, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e100", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em131", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "16 April 1998", "start_offset": 8584}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8631, "entity_id": "001-58526_a8_e101", "entity_mention_id": "001-58526_a8_em132", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "21 October 1998", "start_offset": 8616}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Erich Kiefer", "meta": {"applicant": "Erich Kiefer", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "CHE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2000}, "doc_id": "001-58526", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court by an Austrian national, Erich Kiefer (\u201cthe applicant\u201d) on 30 December 1998 pursuant to former Article 48 \u00a7 1 (e) of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d). It originated in an application (no. 27353/95) against Switzerland lodged by the applicant with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention, on 13 April 1995.\n\nThe applicant is represented by Mr B. Gachnang, a lawyer practising in Lucerne in Switzerland. The Swiss Government are represented by their Agent, Mr Ph. Boillat.\n\nThe case concerns the duration of the proceedings instituted by the applicant and whether they were terminated within a \u201creasonable time\u201d as required by Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nOn 31 March 1999 a Panel of the Grand Chamber decided, in accordance with Article 5 \u00a7 4 of Protocol No. 11 taken together with Rules 100 \u00a7 1 and 24 \u00a76 of the Rules of Court, that the case should be dealt with by a Chamber constituted within one of the Sections of the Court. Subsequently, the President of the Court assigned the case to the Second Section. The Chamber constituted within the Section included ex officio Mr L. Wildhaber, the judge elected in respect of Switzerland (Article 27 \u00a7 2 of the Convention and Rule 26 \u00a7 1 (a) of the Rules of Court), and Mr M. Fischbach, Mr B. Conforti, Mr G. Bonello, Mrs V. Str\u00e1\u017enick\u00e1, Mr P. Lorenzen and Mrs M. Tsatsa-Nikolovska (Rule 26 \u00a7 1 (b)).\n\nOn 29 April 1999 the President invited the parties to submit memorials in the case (Rule 59 \u00a7 3). The applicant was further invited to submit his claim for just satisfaction under Article 41 of the Convention (Rule 60 \u00a7 1). The applicant filed his reply on 31 May 1999. The Government replied on 29 June 1999. The Austrian Government were invited on 7 February 2000 to state whether they wished to intervene in accordance with Article 36 of the Convention and Rule 61 of the Rules of Court. By letter of 25 February 2000 they replied that they did not wish to do so.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nThe applicant is an Austrian citizen, born in 1946 and resident in Graz in Austria. He resided in Switzerland from 1979-1984, working as a lorry driver and paying contributions to the Swiss social security insurance.\n\nIn 1983 the applicant suffered an injury and became partly disabled. On 7 November 1985 he requested pension benefits from the Swiss Invalidity Insurance (Invalidenversicherung). As a result, the Invalidity Insurance Commission (Invalidenversicherungs-Kommission) was called upon to examine the case and the Swiss Compensation Office (Schweizerische Ausgleichskasse) to decide it. Based on ten medical reports issued between 1983 and 1987, the Compensation Office dismissed the applicant's request on 23 December 1987, as he was only partly hindered in exercising his profession as a lorry driver.\n\nOn 28 January 1988 the applicant filed an appeal against this decision with the Federal Appeals Commission for Old Age, Survivors and Invalidity Insurance (Eidgen\u00f6ssische Rekurskommission f\u00fcr die Alters-, Hinterlassenen- und Invalidenversicherung), which, on 25 October 1988, considered that the previous decision was contradictory in respect of the applicant's ability to work. It upheld the applicant's appeal and referred the case back to the Compensation Office for renewed examination.\n\nProceedings were resumed before the Compensation Office which obtained various medical opinions and other information. In 1989, various reports were filed by Austrian experts. Thus, on 20 January 1989 Dr. R., an internist, submitted a medical report. On 14 February 1989 Dr. W. replied to a medical questionnaire. The orthopaedist Dr. P. presented a report on 23 February 1989. A neurologist, Professor O., submitted a report on 26 May 1989. A second report was prepared by Dr. R. on 31 August 1989. The psychologist Dr. T. filed a report on 5 September 1989. A second report was filed by Dr. W. on 19 September 1989. Dr. P. submitted a second report on 16 October 1989. The radiologist Dr. G. transmitted his report on 31 October 1989. Finally, Dr. W. submitted his third report on 14 December 1989. On 7 February 1990 the Austrian orthopaedist Dr. L.-K. submitted another report. Meanwhile, in a letter dated 11 December 1989 the applicant requested the Austrian authorities to undertake a most thorough examination of his case by means of a further medical expert.\n\nBased on these various reports, Dr. M.-L., a Swiss specialist in labour medicine, submitted a report on 27 April 1990 in which he concluded that the applicant was not hindered in exercising his former profession as a lorry driver. Dr. S., a doctor employed by the Swiss Compensation Office, submitted a report on 16 June 1990 in which he agreed with Dr. M.-L.'s conclusions, while determining the applicant's ability to work as a lorry driver at 80 %, and at 100 % for other professions.\n\nThe Invalidity Insurance Commission considered in its proposal of 19 July 1990 that the applicant had not sufficiently demonstrated his invalidity. The applicant was given the opportunity to reply thereto.\n\nDr. S., who had meanwhile filed two further reports on 29 May and 16 June 1990, requested in a report of 4 November 1990 a further examination of the applicant which took place in Zurich on 23 May 1991. The Swiss orthopaedist Dr. Sta. filed a report on 28 November 1991 in which he concluded that the applicant was unable to work as a lorry driver, though he could be expected to work up to 50 % in certain other professions. Meanwhile, the Austrian orthopaedist Dr. L.-K. submitted a second report on 27 June 1991. In 1992 Dr. S., employed by the Compensation Office, submitted three reports: In his report of 25 January 1992, he disagreed with the conclusion that the applicant could not be expected to work at all. A report of 11 June 1992, complemented a previous report. Finally, in his report of 9 July 1992, he replied to a further question put to him by the Invalidity Insurance Commission.\n\nFurther information was submitted by the Austrian pension authorities on 29 April and 4 September 1992, in particular that the applicant had not paid certain social security contributions in Austria in 1984 and 1985.\n\nOn 30 October 1992 the applicant was issued a preliminary decision (Vorbescheid) according to which he had not been insured when the injury had occurred for which reason a formal condition for granting an invalidity pension had not been met. The applicant was granted a time-limit of 30 days to reply. Following the applicant's request for a prolongation of one month, his submissions in reply were filed on 4 January 1993.\n\nOn 7 April 1993 the Compensation Office dismissed the applicant's request for pension benefits as he had not been insured at the time concerned. On 10 May 1993 he filed an appeal against this decision which was dismissed by the Federal Appeals Commission for Old Age, Survivors and Invalidity Insurance on 21 February 1994.\n\nOn 5 April 1994 the applicant filed an administrative law appeal in which he stated, inter alia: \u201cIt is surprising that the authorities required nearly 10 years to determine that (the applicant) had lacked the quality of an insured person on 7 April 1984. At least the Federal Appeals Commission determined in \u00a7 4 of its decision that there was an invalidity. Now we are faced with the situation that an invalid person has been held off for nearly ten years and has been called to submit to examinations, although he is apparently not even insured. The decision of 23 December 1987 refused to grant a pension on the grounds that there was no invalidity, without even dealing with the allegedly missing insurance quality. The conduct of the authorities, and in particular the result of this conduct, breaches good faith and must be described as arbitrary. ... The fact that the applicant has been refused status as an insured person ten years after it was allegedly found missing amounts to a breach of good faith, it is arbitrary and breaches the principle of equality emanating from Section 4 of the Federal Constitution.\u201d\n\nThe administrative law appeal was dismissed on 18 November 1994 by the Federal Insurance Court (Eidgen\u00f6ssisches Versicherungsgericht), the decision being served on 25 November 1994. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION\n\nThe applicant applied to the Commission on 13 April 1995, complaining under Article 6 \u00a7 1 about the length of social security proceedings.\n\nThe Commission declared the application admissible on 16 April 1998. In its report of 21 October 1998 (former Article 31), it expressed the unanimous opinion that there had been a violation of Article 6 \u00a7 1.", "applicant": "Erich Kiefer", "offset": 2106, "idx_mapping": [2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2106, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2349, 2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539, 2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2562, 2563, 2564, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2568, 2569, 2570, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2654, 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660, 2661, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2665, 2666, 2667, 2668, 2669, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2673, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2677, 2678, 2679, 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Nadine Mladoschovitzs were born in 1998 and 2002 respectively and live in Linz. Nadine Mladoschovitzs have a maintenance claim against their father Mr W (“the debtor”). Apparently the debtor fell into arrears with maintenance payments (Unterhaltsrückstand) amounting to the sum of EUR 3,006. Nadine Mladoschovitzs applied for enforcement of their payment orders to the competent District Court (Bezirksgericht) in Enns. The enforcement order (Exekutionsbewilligung) provided for the sale of the debtor's movable property (Fahrnisexekution) and granted Nadine Mladoschovitzs a lien on outstanding claims which the debtor held against his own debtors (Forderungsexekution).
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"task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Nadine Mladoschovitz", "meta": {"applicant": "Nadine Mladoschovitz", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2010}, "doc_id": "001-99863", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 38663/06) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two Austrian nationals, Ms Nadine Mladoschovitz and Ms Jeanine Mladoschovitz (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), both represented by their mother Elke Mladoschovitz, on 14 September 2006.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr R. Gabl, a lawyer practising in Linz. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Tichy, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.\n\nThe applicants alleged a violation of Article 6 of the Convention in proceedings concerning the enforcement of their claims for maintenance against their father.\n\nOn 23 October 2008 the President of the First Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants were born in 1998 and 2002 respectively and live in Linz.\n\nThe applicants have a maintenance claim against their father Mr W (\u201cthe debtor\u201d). Apparently the debtor fell into arrears with maintenance payments (Unterhaltsr\u00fcckstand) amounting to the sum of EUR 3,006. The applicants applied for enforcement of their payment orders to the competent District Court (Bezirksgericht) in Enns. The enforcement order (Exekutionsbewilligung) provided for the sale of the debtor's movable property (Fahrnisexekution) and granted the applicants a lien on outstanding claims which the debtor held against his own debtors (Forderungsexekution).\n\nOn 21 July 2006 the debtor lodged an action under Section 35 of the Enforcement Act (Oppositionsklage) to have the claim underlying the enforcement order dismissed and also applied to postpone enforcement (Aufschiebung der Exekution) until a decision on his action had been reached. In support of his case to have the enforcement order set aside, the debtor stated that during the period of time in which he had not made maintenance payments, the applicants had been living with him and he had paid all their living expenses.\n\nIn support of his application to postpone enforcement regarding the sale of movable property, the debtor claimed he would risk losing his property rights over the objects seized for enforcement. He also argued that if a lien against outstanding claims from his own debtors was enforced, the recovery of the money from the applicants, who did not have any funds, would be nearly impossible if the enforcement order was, in fact, set aside.\n\nOn 27 July 2006 the District Court, without hearing the applicants, allowed the postponement of enforcement by granting the applicants a lien on outstanding claims if a deposit of EUR 3,500 was lodged with the court but the postponement of the sale of the debtor's movable property was not granted. On 2 August 2006 the debtor appealed, claiming that the deposit was too high. The applicants were not notified of the appeal.\n\nThe Steyr Regional Court (Landesgericht) quashed the decision, ordering both kinds of enforcement to be postponed until the decision on the action under Section 35 of the Enforcement Act was rendered and re-setting the deposit at EUR 1,000. The applicants were not heard in the proceedings. It held that an appeal on points of law to the Supreme Court was not admissible. The applicants, having lost the case on postponement of the enforcement, were obliged to reimburse legal costs amounting to EUR 305.40 to the debtor.", "applicant": "Nadine Mladoschovitz", "offset": 1128, "idx_mapping": [1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1128, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798], "duplicates": 1}
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Juri Maslov was born in 1984 and currently lives in Bulgaria. In November 1990 Juri Maslov lawfully entered Austria together with his parents and two siblings. Subsequently, he was legally resident in Austria. His parents were lawfully employed and have meanwhile acquired Austrian nationality. Juri Maslov attended school in Austria.
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6725, "entity_id": "001-79889_a8_e55", "entity_mention_id": "001-79889_a8_em77", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Sofia", "start_offset": 6720}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Juri Maslov", "meta": {"applicant": "Juri Maslov", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-79889", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 1638/03) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Bulgarian national, Mr Juri Maslov (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 20 December 2002.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr M. Deuretsbacher, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Bulgarian Government did not make use of their right to intervene (Article 36 \u00a7 1 of the Convention).\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, that the residence prohibition against him violated his right to respect for his private and family life.\n\nThe application was allocated to the First Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 2 June 2005 the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nThe applicant was born in 1984 and currently lives in Bulgaria.\n\nIn November 1990 the applicant lawfully entered Austria together with his parents and two siblings. Subsequently, he was legally resident in Austria. His parents were lawfully employed and have meanwhile acquired Austrian nationality. The applicant attended school in Austria.\n\nIn late 1998 criminal proceedings were instituted against the applicant. He was, inter alia, suspected of having broken into cars, shops and vending machines, of having stolen empties from a stock ground, of having forced another boy to steal 1,000 Austrian schillings from the latter\u2019s mother, of having beaten this boy and thereby having bruised him, and of having used a motor vehicle without the owner\u2019s authorisation.\n\nOn 7 September 1999 the Vienna Juvenile Court (Jugendgerichtshof) convicted the applicant of some 22 counts of partially completed and partially attempted aggravated gang burglary (gewerbsm\u00e4\u00dfiger Bandendiebstahl), of extortion (Erpressung), of partially completed and partially attempted assault (K\u00f6rperverletzung), and of the unauthorised use of a vehicle (unbefugter Gebrauch eines Fahrzeugs) committed between November 1988 and June 1999. He was sentenced to 18 months\u2019 imprisonment, 13 of which were suspended on probation. Moreover, he was instructed to start drug therapy.\n\nOn 11 February 2000 the applicant was arrested and further criminal proceedings were opened against him relating to a series of burglaries committed between June 1999 and January 2000. The applicant and his accomplices were suspected of having broken into shops or restaurants, where they stole cash and goods. On 11 February 2000 the Vienna Juvenile Court remanded him in custody.\n\nOn 25 May 2000 the Vienna Juvenile Court convicted the applicant of 18 counts of partially completed and partially attempted aggravated burglary and sentenced him to 15 months\u2019 imprisonment. When fixing the sentence the court noted the applicant\u2019s confession as a mitigating circumstance, the number of offences committed as well as the rapid relapse into crime after the last conviction as aggravating circumstances. It also observed that the applicant, though still living with his parents had completely elapsed their educational influence, had repeatedly been absent from home, and had dropped out of school. It also noted that the applicant had failed to comply with the instruction to undergo drug withdrawal treatment. Consequently, the suspension of the prison term imposed by the judgment of 7 September 1999 was revoked.\n\nFollowing the Vienna Juvenile Court\u2019s judgment, the applicant served his prison term until 24 May 2002. He did not benefit from early release.\n\nMeanwhile, on 3 January 2001 the Vienna Federal Police Authority (Bundespolizeidirektion), relying on Section 36 \u00a7 1 of the 1997 Aliens Act (Fremdengesetz 1997), imposed a ten years\u2019 residence prohibition on the applicant. Having regard to the applicant\u2019s convictions, it found that his further stay in Austria was contrary to the public interest. Considering the applicant\u2019s relapse into crime after his first conviction, the public interest in the prevention of disorder and crime outweighed the applicant\u2019s interest in staying in Austria.\n\nThe applicant, assisted by counsel, appealed. He submitted that the residence prohibition violated his rights under Article 8 of the Convention as he was a minor who had come to Austria at the age of six, his entire family lived in Austria and he had no relatives in Bulgaria. He also referred to Section 38 \u00a7 1 (4) of the 1997 Aliens Act, pursuant to which a residence prohibition may not be issued against an alien who has been lawfully residing in Austria from an early age.\n\nBy decision of 19 July 2001 the Vienna Public Security Authority (Sicherheitsdirektion) dismissed the appeal. It confirmed the Federal Police Authority\u2019s finding.\n\nOn 17 August 2001 the applicant filed complaints both with the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) and the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichthof). He stressed that he had come to Austria at the age of six, had attended school in Austria and was not able to speak Bulgarian. He had no relatives and other social contacts in Bulgaria. Moreover, he drew attention to the fact that he was still a minor.\n\nOn 18 September 2001 the Administrative Court dismissed the complaint and found that the residence prohibition was justified under Article 8 \u00a7 2 of the Convention. It considered that the applicant had come to Austria only at the age of six, whereas \u2013 according to its constant case-law \u2013 Section 38 \u00a7 1 (4) only excluded a residence prohibition for aliens who had been legally resident from the age of three at the latest. Considering the gravity and the number of offences committed by the applicant, the fact that the first conviction was rapidly followed by a second one and the severity of the penalties imposed, it found that the residence prohibition did not constitute a disproportionate interference with the applicant\u2019s rights under Article 8, despite his lengthy residence and family ties in Austria.\n\nOn 25 November 2002 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the complaint for lack of prospects of success.\n\nOn 18 August 2003 the Vienna Federal Police Authority requested the applicant to leave Austria.\n\nOn 14 October 2003 the Vienna Federal Police Authority ordered the applicant\u2019s detention with a view to his expulsion. He was arrested on 27 November 2003.\n\nOn 22 December 2003 the applicant was deported to Sofia.", "applicant": "Juri Maslov", "offset": 1179, "idx_mapping": [1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1179, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Jaroslaw Niedzwiecki was born in 1961. At the time the application was lodged he lived in Erlenbach in Germany. He currently resides in Swidnica in Poland. 1. Jaroslaw Niedzwiecki’s situation in Germany
Jaroslaw Niedzwiecki immigrated to Germany in February 1987.
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"check", "end_offset": 5729, "entity_id": "001-70765_a8_e44", "entity_mention_id": "001-70765_a8_em57", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "21 October 1999", "start_offset": 5714}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 5789, "entity_id": "001-70765_a8_e45", "entity_mention_id": "001-70765_a8_em58", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht)", "start_offset": 5734}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5932, "entity_id": "001-70765_a8_e46", "entity_mention_id": "001-70765_a8_em59", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1 January 1996", "start_offset": 5918}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5948, "entity_id": "001-70765_a8_e47", "entity_mention_id": "001-70765_a8_em60", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3 July 2001", "start_offset": 5937}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6105, "entity_id": "001-70765_a8_e46", "entity_mention_id": "001-70765_a8_em61", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "1 January 1996", "start_offset": 6091}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 6180, "entity_id": "001-70765_a8_e48", "entity_mention_id": "001-70765_a8_em62", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Nuremberg Tax Court (Finanzgericht)", "start_offset": 6145}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6218, "entity_id": "001-70765_a8_e49", "entity_mention_id": "001-70765_a8_em63", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Tax Court", "start_offset": 6209}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Jaroslaw Niedzwiecki", "meta": {"applicant": "Jaroslaw Niedzwiecki", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2005}, "doc_id": "001-70765", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 58453/00) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Polish national, Mr Jaroslaw Niedzwiecki (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 27 October 1999.\n\nThe German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr K. Stoltenberg, Ministerialdirigent, and, subsequently, Mrs A. Wittling-Vogel, Ministerialr\u00e4tin, of the Federal Ministry of Justice.\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, that the refusal of child benefits between July and December 1995 amounted to discrimination in the exercise of his right to respect for family life.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Fourth Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 17 June 2003 the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nOn 1 November 2004 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Fourth Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1).\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1961. At the time the application was lodged he lived in Erlenbach in Germany. He currently resides in Swidnica in Poland.\n\n1. The applicant\u2019s situation in Germany\n\nThe applicant immigrated to Germany in February 1987. His request for asylum was rejected. His expulsion was, however, suspended under the agreement of the Home Secretaries of the L\u00e4nder not to expel Polish nationals (\u201cOstblockbeschl\u00fcsse\u201d der Innenminister der L\u00e4nder). In November 1989 the applicant obtained a provisional residence permit (Aufenthaltserlaubnis). In January 1991, following an amendment of the Aliens Act, he was issued with a limited residence title for exceptional purposes (Aufenthaltsbefugnis). This residence title was renewed every two years, the last time in January 1995 until January 1997. In April 1997 the applicant obtained an unlimited residence permit (Aufenthaltsberechtigung).\n\nIn July 1995 the applicant\u2019s daughter was born.\n\n2. The child benefit proceedings before the Labour Office\n\nOn 28 July 1995 the applicant applied to the Aschaffenburg Labour Office (Arbeitsamt) for child benefits according to Section 1 of the Federal Child Benefits Act (Bundeskindergeldgesetz, see relevant domestic law below).\n\nOn 18 August 1995 the Labour Office dismissed the applicant\u2019s request under Section 1 \u00a7 3 of the Child Benefits Act. It noted that the applicant only had a limited residence title for exceptional purposes, and no unlimited residence permit or provisional residence permit, as required under Section 1 \u00a7 3.\n\nOn 12 October 1995 the Federal Labour Office (Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Arbeit) rejected his objection.\n\n3. The proceedings before the Social Court\n\nThe applicant lodged an action with the W\u00fcrzburg Social Court (Sozialgericht), claiming that he had been residing in Germany since 1987 and that he should, therefore, have the right to child benefits.\n\nOn 21 April 1997 the Social Court dismissed the applicant\u2019s action regarding child benefits between July 1995 and April 1997. It confirmed that only aliens with an unlimited residence permit or with a provisional residence permit were entitled to the payment of child benefits under Section 1 \u00a7 3 of the Child Benefits Act, as in force until 31 December 1995. According to the Social Court, the legislature had only intended to grant child benefits to aliens who were likely to stay in Germany on a permanent basis. Aliens with only a limited residence title for exceptional purposes were, however, not likely to stay. The court further pointed out that this distinction did not violate the German Basic Law. In the present case, the legislature had remained within its wide margin of appreciation in social law matters.\n\n4. The appeal proceedings\n\nOn 23 April 1998 the Bavarian Social Court of Appeal (Landessozialgericht) dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal to the extent that his claims under the Child Benefits Act until 31 December 1995 were concerned. The Court of Appeal confirmed the lower court\u2019s reasoning, noting that the applicant did not have a stable residence permit in 1995, as his limited residence title for exceptional purposes had had to be renewed every two years. Likewise, referring to the wide margin of appreciation of the legislature, it took the view that Section 1 \u00a7 3 of the Federal Child Benefits Act was compatible with the Basic Law. In this respect, it considered that until December 1995 families had benefited from child benefits and tax deductions (Kinderfreibetrag) as a system of compensation (dualer Familienlastenausgleich). The applicant and his wife had paid taxes in 1995 but had not obtained child benefits. In the court\u2019s view, this taxation, not the refusal of child benefits, might have violated the Basic Law; however, it was not for the social courts to decide on that matter.\n\nOn 18 March 1999 the Federal Social Court (Bundessozialgericht) dismissed the applicant\u2019s appeal on points of law.\n\nThe applicant lodged a constitutional complaint combined with a request for an interim measure. He claimed that the relevant provision of the Federal Child Benefits Act was discriminatory and racist, and violated his right to respect for his family life. In addition, he alleged that the refusal of his request for child benefits infringed the principle of social justice (Sozialstaatsprinzip) laid down in Article 20 \u00a7 4 of the Basic Law.\n\nOn 21 October 1999 the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) refused to entertain his complaint and rejected his request for an interim measure.\n\n5. The proceedings concerning claims after 1 January 1996\n\nOn 3 July 2001 the W\u00fcrzburg Social Court decided that it was not competent to deal with the applicant\u2019s claims regarding child benefits for the period after 1 January 1996 and transferred the proceedings to the Nuremberg Tax Court (Finanzgericht). The proceedings before the Tax Court are still pending.", "applicant": "Jaroslaw Niedzwiecki", "offset": 1347, "idx_mapping": [1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1347, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Johann Ferihumer was born in 1945 and lives in Waizenkirchen. At the time of the events, he was the father of a pupil of a secondary school in Grieskirchen (Bundesoberstufenrealgymnasium) and vice-chairman and recording clerk (Schriftführer) of the parents' association (Elternverein) at this school. In protest against the government's cuts in the education budget, the teachers of this school decided, together with the teaching staff of two other schools, to reduce and shorten school trips for the school year 2001/2002. The pupils and some parents, including Johann Ferihumer, did not agree with these measures. Johann Ferihumer called for a vote by the School Committee (Schulgemeinschaftsausschuss) of the Grieskirchen secondary school on the question whether the class his son was attending, should go on a one week trip to Tuscany or Prague.
|
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"span_text": "Grieskirchen", "start_offset": 4548}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5761, "entity_id": "001-79312_a8_e15", "entity_mention_id": "001-79312_a8_em37", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "School Committee", "start_offset": 5745}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5994, "entity_id": "001-79312_a8_e15", "entity_mention_id": "001-79312_a8_em38", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "School Committee", "start_offset": 5978}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6979, "entity_id": "001-79312_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-79312_a8_em39", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "5 February 2003", "start_offset": 6964}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7003, "entity_id": "001-79312_a8_e28", "entity_mention_id": "001-79312_a8_em40", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Wels Regional Court", "start_offset": 6984}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7425, "entity_id": "001-79312_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-79312_a8_em41", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 March 2003", "start_offset": 7412}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Johann Ferihumer", "meta": {"applicant": "Johann Ferihumer", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 48, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2007}, "doc_id": "001-79312", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 30547/03) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Johann Ferihumer (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 13 September 2003.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr B. Wageneder, a lawyer practising in Ried. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr F. Trauttmansdorff.\n\nThe applicant alleged that he had been violated in his right to freedom of expression under Article 10 of the Convention.\n\nBy a decision of 14 February 2006, the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nNeither the applicant nor the Government filed further written observations (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1945 and lives in Waizenkirchen.\n\nAt the time of the events, he was the father of a pupil of a secondary school in Grieskirchen (Bundesoberstufenrealgymnasium) and vice-chairman and recording clerk (Schriftf\u00fchrer) of the parents' association (Elternverein) at this school.\n\nIn protest against the government's cuts in the education budget, the teachers of this school decided, together with the teaching staff of two other schools, to reduce and shorten school trips for the school year 2001/2002. The pupils and some parents, including the applicant, did not agree with these measures.\n\nThe applicant called for a vote by the School Committee (Schulgemeinschaftsausschuss) of the Grieskirchen secondary school on the question whether the class his son was attending, should go on a one week trip to Tuscany or Prague. The School Committee which is composed of three representatives of the teachers, three parents and three pupils and the director of the school, represents parents and pupils in certain school matters.\n\nThe meeting at which the School Committee should have to vote on the question, after having been once postponed because one of the teachers' representatives could not participate, was finally fixed for 22 January 2002.\n\nOn 22 January 2002, before the meeting of the School Committee, the chair of the parents' association on behalf of the parents, the pupils' spokesperson on behalf of the pupils and two representatives of the teachers signed a compromise which provided for only a one-day school excursion per class during the school year 2001/2002 and for compensatory school trips in the autumn of 2003.\n\nOn this day the applicant stated before a journalist of the \u201cOber\u00f6sterreicher Rundschau\u201d, a local newspaper for Upper Austria, that this conflict (between the teachers, parents and pupils concerning the boycott measures) was carried out to the detriment of the pupils and that the teachers were applying pressure on the pupils and parents to an intolerable extent and that this amounted in fact to an abuse of their authority.\n\nOn 24 January 2002 the \u201cOber\u00f6sterreicher Rundschau\u201d published an article which stated inter alia: \u201c 'This conflict is carried out to the detriment of the pupils' blusters professor Johannes Ferihumer, representative of the parents and former teacher at the secondary school. 'Not only this: the teachers apply pressure on pupils and parents to an intolerable extent. This amounts in fact to an abuse of their authority. Who is surprised that the school speaker was at the end of her tether.' \u201d\n\nThe majority of teachers of the Grieskirchen secondary school brought proceedings against the applicant for insult and damage to their reputation before the Peuersbach District Court.\n\nThe Peuersbach District Court heard the applicant, the teachers, the spokesperson of the pupils, the chair of the parents' association and several other witnesses.\n\nBy judgment of 9 October 2002, it ordered the applicant to refrain from repeating the statement that the teachers were applying pressure on the pupils and parents to an intolerable extent and that this amounted in fact to an abuse of their authority. It noted that the statement was an insult and a defamation within the meaning of Article 1330 of the Civil Code. The applicant had to accept the most unfavourable interpretation of this statement which meant that the teachers had used unlawful and unobjective means in order to make parents and pupils agree to the boycott measures. The applicant had, however, failed to submit any evidence to prove this reproach. The court noted that it was true that, in the course of time the atmosphere between the pupils and teachers at the Grieskirchen secondary school had been strained. The spokesperson of the pupils had complained that the teachers did not take her seriously and avoided any discussion about the boycott measures with her. She had, therefore, resigned from her function as spokesperson. The court further observed that the conflicting interests of teachers, parents and pupils in regard to the boycott measures naturally caused tensions. There was, however, no indication that the teachers had used unlawful and unobjective means, such as, for example, the use of their authority to assign marks, in order to make the parents and pupils agree to the compromise. It was, on the contrary, because of the teachers' unbending attitude concerning the boycott measures that pupils and parents had finally resigned and agreed to the compromise.\n\nThe court dismissed the teachers' further request for an injunction as regards the applicant's statement that the conflict was detrimental to the pupils.\n\nThe applicant appealed against this decision. He submitted inter alia that he had alluded to the subtle measures the teachers had employed in order to reach a compromise, such as their threat to boycott the meeting of the School Committee and their tactics to undermine the authority of the pupils' spokesperson. This was contrary to their official duties and, therefore, unlawful. He further referred their successful tactics to delay the meeting of the School Committee, the testimony of some pupils who had stated that they had felt under pressure and the fact that, in the context of the discussions concerning the boycott measures, both the pupils' spokesperson and the chair of the parents' association had resigned from their functions. The statement at issue was a value judgment with sufficient factual basis and was protected by his right to freedom of expression under Article 10 of the Convention. From the context of the situation in which the statements had been made, it was clear that he had referred to the pressure which had led to the signing of a compromise. Neither the concerned pupils, nor the parents had understood his criticism to the effect that the teachers had applied psychical or verbal violence or had applied pressure by their authority to assign marks. Furthermore, the teachers had themselves attracted the attention of the public by their boycott measures which had provoked criticism and resistance.\n\nOn 5 February 2003 the Wels Regional Court dismissed the appeal. It noted that the statement at issue constituted a statement of fact susceptible of proof. The applicant had failed to prove that the statement was true. The injunction at issue did, therefore, not violate the applicant's right to freedom of expression. The court further ordered the applicant to pay the costs of the proceedings. 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Farida Kathoon Khan was born in 1963 in Pakistan and currently lives in sheltered accommodation (betreutes Wohnen) in Haina (Land of Hesse, Germany). In 1990 Farida Kathoon Khan married in Pakistan and converted to her husband’s faith, that of the Ahmadiyya. Farida Kathoon Khan and her husband moved to Germany in 1991. The husband was granted refugee status but Farida Kathoon Khan’s own application for asylum was refused. As the spouse of a refugee, she received a temporary residence permit on 16 June 1994.
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"QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 September 2013", "start_offset": 7725}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 7797, "entity_id": "001-153909_a8_e49", "entity_mention_id": "001-153909_a8_em61", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Land of Hesse", "start_offset": 7784}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7894, "entity_id": "001-153909_a8_e11", "entity_mention_id": "001-153909_a8_em62", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Pakistan", "start_offset": 7886}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Farida Kathoon Khan", "meta": {"applicant": "Farida Kathoon Khan", "articles": [91, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "DEU", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2015}, "doc_id": "001-153909", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 38030/12) against the Federal Republic of Germany lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Pakistani national, Ms Farida Kathoon Khan (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 19 June 2012.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Ms E. Gabsa, a lawyer practising in Gie\u00dfen. The German Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr H. J. Behrens, from the Federal Ministry of Justice.\n\nThe applicant alleged that her envisaged expulsion to Pakistan would breach Articles 8 and 6 of the Convention.\n\nOn 25 November 2013 the President of the Fifth Section, to which the case was allocated, decided to give notice of the application to the Government.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1963 in Pakistan and currently lives in sheltered accommodation (betreutes Wohnen) in Haina (Land of Hesse, Germany).\n\nIn 1990 the applicant married in Pakistan and converted to her husband\u2019s faith, that of the Ahmadiyya.\n\nThe applicant and her husband moved to Germany in 1991. The husband was granted refugee status but the applicant\u2019s own application for asylum was refused. As the spouse of a refugee, she received a temporary residence permit on 16 June 1994.\n\nOn 11 February 1995 the applicant gave birth to her son. In 1998 the applicant and her husband separated. The son stayed with the applicant. From then on the applicant worked as a cleaner in different companies. On 7 September 2001 she was awarded a permanent residence permit.\n\nIn March 2004 the applicant became unemployed due to behavioural issues that appeared to be caused by psychological problems. In July 2004 she and her spouse divorced. In 2005 the domestic family court transferred custody rights over her son to her husband and her son was living with him from then on.\n\nOn 31 May 2004 the applicant killed a neighbour by strangling her and pushing her down a staircase. Subsequently, she was detained and held in pre-trial detention. Following an attempt to harm herself, a domestic court ordered her committal to a psychiatric hospital.\n\nOn 13 July 2005 the Gie\u00dfen Regional Court established that the applicant had committed manslaughter in a state of mental incapacity. At the time of the act she had been in a state of acute psychosis. A medical expert noted that she suffered from symptoms of schizophrenia and had diminished intelligence. She did not acknowledge her own psychological condition. The domestic court therefore concluded that she remained a danger for the general public and a continuous stay in a psychiatric hospital had to be ordered. The applicant was also appointed a legal guardian.\n\nOn 4 June 2009 the administrative authority Waldeck-Frankenthal ordered the applicant\u2019s expulsion. Relying on Section 55 \u00a7 2 of the Act on the Residence, Economic Activity and Integration of Foreigners in the Federal Territory (hereafter \u201cthe Residence Act\u201d, Aufenthaltsgesetz, see paragraph 25 below), the authority referred to the offence which had led to the applicant\u2019s committal to the psychiatric hospital and her mental condition in general. The authority concluded that she posed a danger to public safety. In such a case her personal circumstances, namely her long stay in Germany and her residence status, were secondary. She was neither economically integrated nor sufficiently able to communicate in German, which was an obstacle to her therapy. She only had limited contacts with her former husband and her son and she was still familiar with the Pakistani culture. Adequate medical care was available in Pakistan and the applicant\u2019s family there could assist her.\n\nIn November 2009 the applicant was granted privileges in the hospital, for example she was granted days of leave, which had not led to any complaints. She also started working full\u2011time in the laundry department of the clinic. This was possible due to her improved mental health. In proceedings concerning a provisional stay on the expulsion, the authorities committed themselves not to execute the expulsion decision before a court ruling on the merits.\n\nOn 1 March 2011 the Kassel Administrative Court refused the applicant\u2019s action against the expulsion order. It upheld the decision that the applicant could be deported, on the grounds of the serious offence committed by her, lack of awareness of her own condition and given that a high probability of reoffending therefore existed. Moreover, she was not integrated into German society, especially due to her lack of German language skills. Article 8 of the Convention was not applicable as the applicant had no significant family relationships. The domestic court noted that, in principle, in Pakistan basic medical care for psychiatric patients existed in big cities like Lahore and that the applicant could afford treatment, including medication, as she would be receiving a small pension in the amount of around 250 euros (EUR). The domestic court recognised that family members in Pakistan had explicitly ruled out that they would take her in, when asked by the German Embassy. However, the domestic court thought it conceivable that the applicant\u2019s relatives would help her with organising the required treatment if she were to provide them with small sums in euros in return. Furthermore, the applicant did not hold a visible position within the Ahmadiyya religion, so there would be no specific danger for her in that regard.\n\nOn 23 May 2011 the Hessian Administrative Court of Appeal dismissed the application for leave to appeal. It noted that the administrative court had taken into account all relevant facts of the case.\n\nThe applicant complained in vain of the breach of her right to be heard (Geh\u00f6rsr\u00fcge). She argued that her submissions on her improved state of health, the death of her sister in Pakistan and the expected living conditions there had not been given proper consideration. Moreover, she claimed that she had close contact with her son who visited her on a regular basis.\n\nOn 24 November 2011 the Marburg Regional Court lifted the hospital treatment order on the recommendation of a medical report and released the applicant on probation, ordering a five-year probation period. It ordered the applicant to remain in regular contact with the medical personnel of the clinic and to continue to take the prescribed medication. The domestic court held that, due to the treatment, the danger of the applicant\u2019s re-offending had diminished to such an extent that a residual risk had to be tolerated.\n\nThe medical report in question further indicated that, after having overcome some initial difficulties, she was reachable, while deficits in her cognitive performance remained. The language barrier caused problems during some therapy sessions and due to cognitive deficiencies difficulties remained, even with the assistance of an interpreter. She continued to work in the laundry, took her medication regularly and ultimately showed balanced behaviour. Her son visited her on a regular basis and wished to be more involved in her care. Such involvement, however, would have to be limited due to his situation as a young adult beginning his studies. She was compliant with all requirements and embraced the stable environment in which she was settled. Her prognosis could be considered positive.\n\nThe applicant was transferred to sheltered accommodation close to the clinic, where the required structure would be ensured.\n\nOn 13 December 2011 the applicant\u2019s constitutional complaint against the deportation order was not admitted for review by the Federal Constitutional Court.\n\nThe applicant was notified on 19 September 2013 that a petition to the parliament of the Land of Hesse in this matter had not been successful.\n\nSo far, no date for the applicant\u2019s removal to Pakistan has been set.", "applicant": "Farida Kathoon Khan", "offset": 842, "idx_mapping": [842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 842, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Nigel Eastaway was born in 1943 and lives in Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire. A. The commencement of the disqualification proceedings and the strike-out application
The Blackspur group of companies (collectively, “Blackspur”), was formed by Nigel Eastaway and others in September 1987 and at various times Nigel Eastaway acted as director. Blackspur went into receivership in July 1990 with an estimated deficit of GBP 34 million. On 1 July 1992, on the last day of the applicable two year limitation period, the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (“the Secretary of State”) issued proceedings against Nigel Eastaway and four others (“the Blackspur proceedings”) under section 6 of the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 (“the CDDA”: see below).
|
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"start_offset": 14613}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 14728, "entity_id": "001-61925_a8_e127", "entity_mention_id": "001-61925_a8_em194", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "4 June 2001", "start_offset": 14717}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Nigel Eastaway", "meta": {"applicant": "Nigel Eastaway", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2004}, "doc_id": "001-61925", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 74976/01) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a United Kingdom national, Mr Nigel Eastaway (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 3 August 2001.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Ms K. Mottee, a lawyer practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr D. Walton, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged that there had been a violation of his right to a hearing within a reasonable time.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Fourth Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 18 November 2003, the Court declared the application admissible.\n\nThe Chamber having decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 3 in fine), the parties replied in writing to each other\u2019s observations.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1943 and lives in Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire.\n\nA. The commencement of the disqualification proceedings and the strike-out application\n\nThe Blackspur group of companies (collectively, \u201cBlackspur\u201d), was formed by the applicant and others in September 1987 and at various times the applicant acted as director. Blackspur went into receivership in July 1990 with an estimated deficit of GBP 34 million.\n\nOn 1 July 1992, on the last day of the applicable two year limitation period, the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (\u201cthe Secretary of State\u201d) issued proceedings against the applicant and four others (\u201cthe Blackspur proceedings\u201d) under section 6 of the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 (\u201cthe CDDA\u201d: see below).\n\nThe Secretary of State\u2019s evidence was not complete at the time he commenced proceedings, and he applied for an extension of time for the serving of evidence (see below). The defendants refused to consent to an extension being granted and instead, on 13 October 1992, three of the defendants (but not, at this stage, the applicant) applied to strike out the proceedings.\n\nThe Secretary of State\u2019s evidence was completed and served on the applicant on 14 December 1992. On 13 May 1993 the applicant applied to strike out the proceedings. The Secretary of State\u2019s application for permission to file the evidence out of time, and the cross-application to strike out the proceedings by the applicant and other defendants, were heard by the Registrar on 20 May 1993, when they were adjourned to 29 July 1993. On 27 January 1994 the Registrar granted the Secretary of State\u2019s application for an extension of time and dismissed the strike-out application. Two of the applicant\u2019s co-defendants appealed to the High Court. On 12 April 1995 the applicant also lodged an appeal.\n\nB. Criminal proceedings\n\nRelated criminal charges had been brought against the applicant and three other defendants in the Blackspur proceedings on 1 July 1992. In May 1993 the applicant and other defendants had applied to stay the disqualification proceedings pending the conclusion of the criminal proceedings. The criminal trial took place between March and June 1994, during which period the disqualification proceedings were adjourned generally, with liberty to restore. At the conclusion of the criminal trial, the applicant and one other defendant were acquitted, and two defendants were convicted. On appeal, the two convictions were quashed in February 1995.\n\nBy a letter dated 16 September 1994 the applicant invited the Secretary of State to reconsider whether, in the light of the acquittals in the criminal trial, it was in the public interest to carry on with the disqualification proceedings. On 15 December 1994 the Treasury Solicitor replied that the Secretary of State had decided that it remained expedient in the public interest to continue.\n\nC. The strike-out and disqualification proceedings resumed\n\nOnce the criminal trial had been concluded, the appeal to the High Court brought by the first defendant to the disqualification proceeding, Mr Davies, against the Registrar\u2019s decision of 27 January 1994, could proceed and was dismissed on 2 May 1995. In November 1995 Mr Davies was granted leave to appeal out of time to the Court of Appeal, and his substantive appeal was dismissed by that court on 24 May 1996. The Court of Appeal found that the reasons for the Secretary of State\u2019s failure to complete his evidence before the proceedings were commenced had been \u201cfar from satisfactory\u201d, but considered nonetheless that the case should proceed since it was in the public interest to determine the \u201cparticularly serious\u201d allegations of false accounting and trading while insolvent made against the defendants. In addition, the court observed that the delay by the Secretary of State had not affected the timing of the hearing or prejudiced the applicant, and that, once the proceedings had commenced, \u201cthe respondents\u2019 main concern was to delay the proceedings until after the conclusion of the criminal trial, not to hurry them on\u201d.\n\nOn 1 July 1996 the Registrar directed that the defendants should serve their evidence in response to that of the Secretary of State by 29 November 1996.\n\nOn 18 November 1996 the applicant wrote to the Secretary of State offering to settle the case by giving an undertaking not to act as a company director in the future. The Secretary of State refused to settle the case on that basis, insisting instead on a \u201cCarecraft\u201d settlement. This procedure, named after the case of Re Carecraft Construction Co. Ltd [1994] 1 WLR 172, allows the parties to proceedings under the CDDA to submit to the court an agreement that a disqualification order should be made for a specified period on the basis of undisputed (but not necessarily agreed) facts.\n\nOn 9 December 1996 the Registrar ordered that if the defendants had not served their evidence by 17 January 1997, they would be debarred from adducing any evidence.\n\nThe defendants served their evidence on 17 January 1997. On 20 January 1997 the Registrar directed that the Secretary of State should serve his evidence in reply by 17 March 1997. On 14 April 1997 the Registrar granted the Secretary of State a time-extension for the serving of evidence in reply until 30 June 1997, and this evidence was in fact served on 10 July 1997. At a further directions hearing on 4 August 1997 the defendants were given permission to adduce additional evidence in rejoinder by 1 December 1997. The defendants failed to comply with this order and on 8 December 1997 they were granted an extension of time until 9 February 1998.\n\nOn 30 January 1998 the applicant asked the Secretary of State to reconsider the continuance of the disqualification proceedings against him. On 6 February 1998 the Secretary of State informed the applicant that he intended to continue. On 9 February 1998 there was a further directions hearing, when the applicant was ordered to serve further evidence by 9 March 1998.\n\nOn 17 February 1998 the applicant\u2019s solicitors informed the Secretary of State\u2019s solicitor that the applicant was willing to negotiate a \u201cCarecraft\u201d settlement. On 5 March 1998 the Secretary of State replied that he would accept a settlement based on a disqualification period of five years.\n\nIn the light of these negotiations, at a directions hearing on 23 March 1998, the time-limit for the applicant\u2019s further evidence was extended indefinitely.\n\nOn 17 June 1998 the Secretary of State\u2019s solicitor sent a draft \u201cCarecraft\u201d statement. On 30 July 1998 the parties met to discuss it, and a revised statement was prepared. On 4 October 1998 the applicant broke off the settlement negotiations\n\nOn 8 December 1998 the matter was set down for trial on 4 October 1999.\n\nOn 23 April 1999 the applicant\u2019s solicitors again wrote to the Secretary of State asking him to discontinue the proceedings, on the ground that they had already exceeded the \u201creasonable time\u201d provision in Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention. On 30 June 1999 the Secretary of State informed the applicant that he had decided not to discontinue them.\n\nMeanwhile, on 10 June 1999 the applicant contacted the Secretary of State to resume negotiations on the \u201cCarecraft\u201d settlement.\n\nOn 29 July 1999 there was a pre-trial review in the disqualification proceedings, at which the court gave detailed trial directions. The trial was set down to begin on 4 October 1999.\n\nD. Judicial review\n\nOn 18 August 1999 the applicant applied for judicial review of the legality of the Secretary of State\u2019s decision of 30 June 1999, not to discontinue the proceedings on grounds of delay.\n\nOn 13 September 1999 the applicant agreed that he would sign the \u201cCarecraft\u201d statement if he failed in the judicial review proceedings. The disqualification proceedings were adjourned.\n\nOn 15 September 1999 the application for leave to apply for judicial review was refused. On 27 January 2000, following an oral hearing, leave was again refused.\n\nOn 2 February 2000, the applicant renewed his judicial review application before the Court of Appeal. It was refused by the Court of Appeal on 15 March 2000, following an oral hearing. In the course of a considered judgment, Lord Justice Buxton described the application as \u201cmisconceived\u201d, because the arguments on delay could, and should, have been made in the course of the disqualification proceedings and not in separate proceedings for judicial review. On 23 March 2000 Buxton LJ refused leave to appeal to the House of Lords.\n\nThe applicant appealed to the House of Lords, which granted leave on 11 July 2000. The House heard the applicant\u2019s appeal on 18 October 2000, and on 2 November 2000 delivered judgment dismissing it on the grounds that the House had no jurisdiction to hear an appeal from the decision of the Court of Appeal refusing leave to apply for judicial review (R v. Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, ex parte Eastaway [2000] 1 WLR 2222).\n\nOn 6 November 2000 the Secretary of State wrote to the applicant indicating that he wished to fix a hearing at which the \u201cCarecraft\u201d order could be made.\n\nE. Proceedings under the Human Rights Act\n\nThe Human Rights Act 1998 came into force on 2 October 2000, and on 10 November 2000 the applicant issued an application in the Companies Court to strike out or dismiss the disqualification proceedings on the ground of violation of the reasonable time provision in Article 6 \u00a7 1.\n\nThe application was heard by the Vice-Chancellor on 7 February 2001, and judgment was delivered dismissing it on 15 February 2001, because the Vice-Chancellor did not find a violation of Article 6 \u00a7 1 (Re Blackspur Group plc and Others; Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v. Eastaway and Others [2001] 1 BCLC 653). The Vice-Chancellor held, inter alia: \u201cIt is true that the events in question occurred over ten years ago. It is also true that eight and a half years have now elapsed since the proceedings were commenced. In those circumstances it is necessary to look critically at the events of the intervening period to determine whether more than a reasonable time has elapsed so as to constitute an infringement of Mr Eastaway\u2019s Convention rights. In my view most of the time elapsed is to be attributed either to the requirements of justice down to the conclusion of the criminal proceedings in June 1994 or to the conduct of Mr Eastaway. Such conduct includes the attempt to strike out the proceedings concluded in May 1996; Mr Davies\u2019 unsuccessful attempt, with which Mr Eastaway was associated, from October 1996 to November 1997 to have the proceedings stayed; the negotiations for a summary disposal under the Carecraft procedure from February to October 1998; the renewed attempts for that purpose between June and September 1999 and Mr Eastaway\u2019s unsuccessful attempts between August 1999 and November 2000 to obtain a judicial review of the decision of the Secretary of State to continue. In the judgments of the Court of Appeal given in November 1997 in Re Blackspur Group [1998] 1 WLR 422, 427H and 433B it was recorded that Mr Davies did not suggest then that a fair trial was impossible. Mr Eastaway does not now suggest that the delay has been such that a fair trial is impossible. A very large proportion of the undoubtedly long time which has elapsed since these proceedings were commenced is due to the various actions taken by Mr Eastaway. Those actions were taken not to obtain but to avoid a fair and public hearing by an independent or impartial tribunal either within a reasonable time or at all. In my view there has been no breach of Mr Eastaway\u2019s Convention rights under Article 6 and for the Secretary of State now to proceed with these proceedings would not be incompatible with them.\u201d\n\nThe Vice-Chancellor refused leave to appeal, so the applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal, which also refused leave. The applicant renewed his application at an oral hearing on 6 April 2001, at which the Court of Appeal again refused leave to appeal, on the basis that there had been no violation of Article 6 \u00a7 1.\n\nF. Further proceedings\n\nOn 8 March 2001 the applicant issued a further action for a declaration that the continuation of the disqualification proceedings would be contrary to Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention. The Secretary of State applied to have these proceedings struck out, on the grounds that they raised identical issues to the application dismissed by the Vice-Chancellor the previous month.\n\nThe applicant responded with three further applications. In the first, dated 9 April 2001, he sought to be released from his undertaking of 13 September 1999; in the second, on 18 April 2001, he sought a stay or dismissal of the proceedings on the grounds that the Secretary of State should now accept a far more limited undertaking from him in place of the agreed \u201cCarecraft\u201d statement; in the third application, issued 24 April 2001, he applied for judicial review of the Secretary of State\u2019s refusal to accept his newly proffered undertakings.\n\nOn 23 May 2001 Patten J struck out the applicant\u2019s new action and dismissed his further three applications. Patten J\u2019s decision was upheld by the Court of Appeal on 13 September 2001.\n\nMeanwhile, on 31 May 2001 the applicant signed an undertaking which provided for an agreed period of disqualification of four and a half years, commencing on 25 June 2001. 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| 1
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Samuel Betteridge was born in 1954. At the time of the lodging of his application he was detained at HM Prison Whatton, Nottingham. In 2005 Samuel Betteridge was convicted of rape. He was originally sentenced to life imprisonment with a tariff (i.e. minimum term to be served before eligibility for release arose) of five years.
|
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"QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 January 2010", "start_offset": 15453}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 15486, "entity_id": "001-116121_a8_e19", "entity_mention_id": "001-116121_a8_em71", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Parole Board", "start_offset": 15474}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Samuel Betteridge", "meta": {"applicant": "Samuel Betteridge", "articles": [91, 34, 53, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2013}, "doc_id": "001-116121", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 1497/10) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a British national, Mr Samuel Betteridge (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 23 December 2009.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Chivers Solicitors, a firm of lawyers based in Bingley. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms A. Sornarajah, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged that he did not have a speedy review of the lawfulness of his detention, in violation of Article 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention, and that he had no effective remedy in respect of the violation of his rights as the domestic courts refused to grant a declaration and mandatory relief.\n\nOn 14 December 2010 the application was communicated to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1954. At the time of the lodging of his application he was detained at HM Prison Whatton, Nottingham.\n\nIn 2005 the applicant was convicted of rape. He was originally sentenced to life imprisonment with a tariff (i.e. minimum term to be served before eligibility for release arose) of five years. Upon appeal, this was reduced to a sentence of imprisonment for public protection (\u201cIPP\u201d \u2013 see paragraphs 22-23 below), which is also an indeterminate sentence, with a tariff of three and a half years, less 98 days spent on remand.\n\nA few months prior to tariff expiry, the Secretary of State referred the applicant\u2019s case to the Parole Board, pursuant to section 239(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (see paragraph 27 below), to consider whether the applicant\u2019s security category should be downgraded to allow him to go into open prison conditions. On 15 September 2008 the Parole Board notified the applicant of its decision in the following terms: \u201c9. The panel, which included a psychologist and a psychiatrist among their number, noted the recommendations for open conditions made by report writers, but they also noted the identification of remaining areas of treatment need ... They feared that there had been an underestimate of risk ... and an insufficient attention to the sadistic elements of the offences in other assessments. They would therefore counsel against the formulaic approach in this case, which appears at least partly to be responsible for the conclusion that once RSOTP [a sexual offenders treatment programme] has been completed no further work is required and would recommend that further individual assessment should be undertaken, which takes account of their specified comments.\n\nIn reaching their conclusion the panel also noted from your answers (while making due allowance for oral hearing conditions and obvious intellectual limitations) that you appear to have no more than a superficial understanding of the reasons why you committed the index offences or of the risk management strategies, which will be necessary on release to manage the sexual attitudes and responses which you still but partially acknowledge.\n\n... [The panel] therefore make no recommendation to the Secretary of State on the occasion of this review; that is because, balancing your interests in sentence progression against the interests of public safety, they were not satisfied that sufficient evidence exists that your risk of sexual and/or violent offending has yet reduced to a level such that that risk can be safely managed out of closed conditions.\u201d\n\nOn 13 October 2008 the Secretary of State referred the applicant\u2019s case to the Parole Board in anticipation of the expiry of his tariff under section 28 of the Crime (Sentences) Act 1997 (see paragraph 26 below).\n\nThe applicant\u2019s tariff expired on 18 December 2008, by which time no Parole Board review had taken place.\n\nOn 20 February 2009 the Parole Board agreed to hold an oral hearing in the applicant\u2019s case. As a result of the number of cases awaiting oral hearing, the earliest available hearing date was in May. However, in the event the Parole Board was unable to provide a panel for the hearing and it did not take place in May as planned. The hearing was eventually rescheduled for September 2009. The applicant challenged, by way of judicial review proceedings against the Parole Board, the delay in fixing a Parole Board hearing\n\nIn the context of the judicial review proceedings before the High Court, the Parole Board accepted that because of the inability to have the hearing in May and the delay until September, there had been a breach of Article 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention in that the hearing had not taken place speedily. The Secretary of State, however, did not accept that there had been a breach, having regard in particular to the fact that the pre-tariff advisory opinion of the Parole Board had effectively made it clear there was no chance of release upon expiry of the tariff (see paragraph 7 above).\n\nOn 23 June 2009 the High Court handed down its judgment in the judicial review proceedings. The judge outlined the background to the applicant\u2019s claim, as follows: \u201c4. ... [W]hen the tariff comes to an end the prisoner in question has the right to a hearing before the Parole Board, and if the Parole Board directs his release then the Secretary of State must release him on licence. The Act does not require the Secretary of State to refer the case to the Board unless the prisoner applies for that to happen, but the reality is that the Secretary of State routinely does refer post-tariff lifers to the Parole Board. The reason behind that is that it is common ground that Article 5(4) of the European Convention on Human Rights requires there to be a speedy hearing an independent judicial body, and the Parole Board it is accepted is the equivalent for the purposes of the Convention, to determine whether the continued detention is lawful. In fact it is the practice of the Secretary of State, in cases where the tariff exceeds 3 years, to provide a dossier to notify the Parole Board 6 months before the end of the tariff. The purpose behind that being the obvious one, to enable the Board to put in train steps to ensure that there is a hearing as soon as reasonably possible after the tariff is served.\n\nUnfortunately, on the facts of this case, for reasons which are not made clear and which are perhaps not material, the dossier was not lodged until 2 months before the tariff came to an end. That meant that it joined the queue of those cases which were in the Parole Board, and in which hearings had to be held, at a later stage than it otherwise would have done. This meant that the hearing was delayed further than otherwise it need have been.\u201d\n\nThe judge then considered the terms of the Parole Board recommendation of September 2008 and considered that it followed \u201cinevitably\u201d from it that the panel, if asked, would not conceivably have directed the applicant\u2019s release.\n\nReferring to Lord Hope\u2019s comments in Secretary of State for Justice v. James [2009] UKHL 22 as to the requirements of Article 5 \u00a7 4 (see paragraph 29 below), the judge continued: \u201c22. ... The reality is that Article 5(4) requires a speedy hearing to determine the lawfulness of the detention. It may well be that in a given case the hearing will, and will inevitably, decide that the detention is lawful. That does not mean that the hearing itself can be deferred beyond a period that can be properly regarded as speedy ... \u2018Speedy\u2019 does not indicate a particular period, and I accept entirely that it is fact sensitive. What may be required in a particular case may not be required in another, depending upon the circumstances. But, one has to see in an individual case what has been the cause of the delay. In this case the cause has been the lack of man power in the Parole Board which has meant that it has been unable to provide the necessary panel, which in the case of a lifer and in deciding questions of possible release because it is said that the individual is no longer dangerous, has to be a panel headed by a judicial member. That is hardly surprising having regard to the importance of ensuring not only that those who should be released are released, but that those who should not be are not released ...\u201d\n\nThe judge observed that the delay problem was being addressed in that steps were being taken to seek further manpower to enable the Parole Board to meet its obligations under Article 5 \u00a7 4. He continued: \u201c23. ... It will take time for the position to be improved: that is inevitable. And it may well be that it could be said that steps ought perhaps to have been taken at an earlier stage ... Nevertheless, that is historical, and as I say there is now a recognition, and I should record that both the Secretary of State and the Parole Board are working together, aware of the problems, and steps are being taken. It is not for me to dictate what steps should be taken. All I can do is to observe that the system clearly, as it existed historically, gave rise to the difficulties which this case illustrates, namely that it was all too possible that hearings were not able to be carried out speedily and so in compliance with Article 5(4) ...\n\nHe concluded that the September 2008 advisory opinion in the applicant\u2019s case could not address the question whether the post-tariff detention was lawful. However, it did mean that any breach would not require payment of damages, because it was plain that in any case the Parole Board would not have ordered the applicant\u2019s release. As to the appropriate remedy, the judge explained that what was being said by the applicant was that his Article 5 \u00a7 4 rights had been breached and that he was entitled to a declaration at least that that was the case. Although the applicant had originally sought a mandatory order requiring that his case be heard in September, that remedy was no longer pursued. The judge agreed with the decision not to pursue the claim for such an order, observing that it would be inappropriate for an individual, seeking judicial review, to \u201cjump the queue\u201d at the expense of those who did not seek judicial review. As to the applicant\u2019s submission that an order for a Parole Board hearing should be made for, if not September, then at least the next available date, the judge was not prepared, for the reasons already indicated, to make any mandatory order. He continued: \u201c28. I am satisfied, as I have said, that the Parole Board was correct to accept that there is here, a breach of Article 5(4), because, and only because, in the circumstances of this case the reason why it was not heard at an earlier date was because of the lack of necessary manpower having regard to the pressures upon the Board. But, I am equally satisfied that there is no conceivable claim for damages which will follow, because the inevitable result of a hearing which complied with Article 5(4) would have been that the claimant was not entitled to release. The very best he could have hoped for was a decision that he ought to be placed in open conditions with a view to possible release at the next review hearing, provided of course he satisfied whatever conditions were considered to be necessary.\u201d\n\nAt the hearing, the applicant\u2019s legal representative accepted that it was \u201cnot of the greatest importance\u201d whether a declaration was granted or not, because the terms of the judgment could show what the situation was, and the judge accepted that view. He decided: \u201c29. ... In all the circumstances I do not think that it is necessary for me to make any formal declaration in the circumstances of this case. I have already recorded that there was a breach, but it is a breach that will not provide, for this particular claimant, any great advantage. It does make the point, and it is a point that needs to be made, that there is an independent requirement under 5(4) for a speedy period. However, there is no question but that steps are now being taken by the Board in conjunction with the Ministry to ensure that the breaches that have occurred, and certainly were capable of occurring, will no longer occur.\u201d\n\nFinally, as to future cases, the judge noted: \u201c30. It is obvious that the measures put in place to alleviate the problem will not have immediate effect. The evidence before me, from a number of solicitors who have experience in dealing with these cases, makes it clear that the delays continue and the backlog has not improved, and indeed that latter point is made clear by evidence produced by the Secretary of State and by the Parole Board. But, as I say, one has to recognise that the changes can not be expected to take place overnight. I do not doubt that the authorities will now appreciate the need to get on top of this problem and to ensure that the hearings that are required are provided, and that the requirements of Article 5(4) are met. While, as I say, in the circumstances of this case, it does not particularly avail the claimant because he will not have achieved release, there may well be cases where that is not the case, and I am glad to see that one of the measures put in place is a more flexible approach by the Board to consideration of cases which do need priority. Obviously, if it has been made clear, perhaps in a pre-tariff hearing, that a particular prisoner, once he has served his tariff, is a real candidate for immediate release, then the sooner that particular individual has a hearing the better.\n\nIn the light of what is being done, it is not now appropriate for any prisoner to take proceedings against the Parole Board alleging breaches of Article 5(4) unless there are very special circumstances, something has gone badly wrong despite the new arrangements in that prisoner\u2019s particular case. It will not be helpful, either to the prisoner or to the court, if claims are brought which in reality, because of the existing situation, are not likely to achieve any sensible redress and merely add to costs. Of course, one has sympathy with those who may stay in prison longer than they perhaps, on one view, ought to. That is a thoroughly unsatisfactory state of affairs. But, equally, the court cannot do the impossible. We cannot make orders which are only going to create difficulties for others and are not in any way desirable, because, as I have already said, it is not helpful that prisoner A gets relief which may advance him in the queue but which inevitably means that prisoner B has a longer wait. As I repeat, absent special circumstances, claims of this nature should now be discouraged. But, this has at least brought home to the court, and enabled the court to make the point, that the situation that existed was unsatisfactory, potentially contrary to law, and the court welcomes the steps that are clearly being taken now to ensure that that situation does not continue.\u201d\n\nThe applicant was advised by his counsel that no appeal would be successful as the Court of Appeal would be bound to conclude that it could not prioritise any individual case when the evidence demonstrated that there was a systemic lack of resources.\n\nThe Parole Board review in the applicant\u2019s case did not take place in September 2009.\n\nA Parole Board review subsequently took place on 13 January 2010. The Parole Board recommended that the applicant be moved to open conditions. The Secretary of State accepted the recommendation.", "applicant": "Samuel Betteridge", "offset": 1143, "idx_mapping": [1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Eie Enhorn was born in 1947 and is homosexual. In 1994 it was discovered that he was infected with the HIV virus and that he had transmitted the virus to a 19-year-old man with whom he had first had sexual contact in 1990. In this context, on 1 September 1994 a county medical officer (smittskyddsläkaren) issued the following instructions to Eie Enhorn pursuant to the 1988 Infectious Diseases Act (smittskyddslagen – “the 1988 Act”). “[Eie Enhorn] is not allowed to have sexual intercourse without first informing his partner about his HIV infection. He is required to use a condom.
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"related_mentions": null, "span_text": "5 October 1999", "start_offset": 20337}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20492, "entity_id": "001-68077_a8_e82", "entity_mention_id": "001-68077_a8_em129", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "June 1999", "start_offset": 20483}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20531, "entity_id": "001-68077_a8_e83", "entity_mention_id": "001-68077_a8_em130", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "12 December 2001", "start_offset": 20515}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20597, "entity_id": "001-68077_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-68077_a8_em131", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "County Administrative Court", "start_offset": 20570}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20799, "entity_id": "001-68077_a8_e84", "entity_mention_id": "001-68077_a8_em132", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2002", "start_offset": 20795}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Eie Enhorn", "meta": {"applicant": "Eie Enhorn", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 53, 34, 93], "countries": "SWE", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2005}, "doc_id": "001-68077", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 56529/00) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Swedish national, Mr Eie Enhorn (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 3 April 2000.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Mrs E. Hagstrom, a lawyer practising in Stockholm. The Swedish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mrs E. Jagander, of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged that he had been deprived of his liberty in breach of Article 5 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was initially allocated to the Fourth Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court).\n\nBy a decision of 10 December 2002, the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nThe Government, but not the applicant, filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1).\n\nOn 1 November 2004 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Second Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1947 and is homosexual. In 1994 it was discovered that he was infected with the HIV virus and that he had transmitted the virus to a 19-year-old man with whom he had first had sexual contact in 1990.\n\nIn this context, on 1 September 1994 a county medical officer (smittskyddsl\u00e4karen) issued the following instructions to the applicant pursuant to the 1988 Infectious Diseases Act (smittskyddslagen \u2013 \u201cthe 1988 Act\u201d). \u201c[The applicant] is not allowed to have sexual intercourse without first informing his partner about his HIV infection. He is required to use a condom. He is to abstain from consuming such an amount of alcohol that his judgment would thereby be impaired and others put at risk of being infected with HIV. If the applicant is to have a physical examination, an operation, a vaccination or a blood test or is bleeding for any reason, he must tell the relevant medical staff about his infection. He must also tell his dentist [about it]. Moreover, the applicant is prohibited from giving blood and donating organs or sperm. Finally, he is to visit his consulting physician again and to keep appointments fixed by the county medical officer.\u201d It appears to be in dispute whether the instructions were included in the applicant's medical record as prescribed by section 16 of the 1988 Act. It is not in dispute, however, that the applicant was informed of the instructions, which were issued to him on 1 September 1994, both orally and in writing.\n\nThe applicant kept three appointments with the county medical officer in September 1994 and one in November 1994. He also received two home visits by the county medical officer. He failed to appear as summoned five times during October and November 1994.\n\nOn 2 February 1995 the county medical officer petitioned the County Administrative Court (l\u00e4nsr\u00e4tten) for a court order that the applicant be kept in compulsory isolation in a hospital for up to three months pursuant to section 38 of the 1988 Act. The court's record of the applicant's statement reads, inter alia, as follows: \u201cAfter learning about his HIV infection he had hardly had any sexual relationships. Henceforward he would only have sexual relations with other HIV infected persons. The applicant did not wish to visit the county medical officer or a psychiatrist, but finding his communication with his consulting physician satisfactory he intended to pay the latter monthly visits.\u201d The county medical officer stated, among other things: \u201c[The applicant] may not be sexually active at present, but experience has shown that when the opportunity arises he is likely to have sexual relations, preferably with younger men and without thinking of the consequences. [The applicant] refuses to face his situation, does not want to change his conduct and distorts reality in such a way that he is never to blame for anything. In order for [the applicant's] behaviour to change it is necessary for him to consult a psychiatrist. Having regard to his [resistance thereto], the risk of him spreading the disease is obvious.\u201d\n\nA statement of 16 February 1995 was submitted to the County Administrative Court by a deputy chief physician and specialist in psychiatry, S.A., who had met the applicant twice in a psychiatric ward at an infection clinic. He found, inter alia: \u201cHaving learnt that he was HIV-positive, the applicant reacted with a high level of anxiety, which he attempted to alleviate with alcohol. He has maintained that he drinks three strong beers at night in order to be able to sleep. He has had periods of extensive [alcohol] abuse as a consequence of learning that he was infected with HIV but also when he lost his job. [The applicant's] lack of social contact and his feeling of being an outsider, in combination with possible alcohol abuse, could increase the risk of destructive sexual relations.\u201d\n\nIn a judgment of 16 February 1995, finding that the applicant had failed to comply with the measures prescribed by the county medical officer, aimed at preventing him from spreading the HIV infection, the County Administrative Court ordered that the applicant should be kept in compulsory isolation for up to three months pursuant to section 38 of the 1988 Act. The order took effect immediately, but the applicant failed to report to the hospital; the police accordingly took him there on 16 March 1995.\n\nIt appears that the order and others subsequently issued by the County Administrative Court were upheld on appeal by the Administrative Court of Appeal (kammarr\u00e4tten), so that the applicant's compulsory confinement was repeatedly prolonged by periods of six months at a time.\n\nWhile being isolated the applicant had the opportunity to go outdoors every day together with members of the hospital staff, but not on his own. Also, he was able to accompany staff members on different activities outside the hospital grounds. The applicant absconded from the hospital several times, first on 25 April 1995. The police, whom he had contacted voluntarily, returned him to the hospital on 11 June 1995. On 27 September 1995 he ran away again and was at large until the police found him on 28 May 1996. The applicant absconded for a third time on 6 November 1996 but returned of his own accord on 16 November 1996. He ran away for the fourth time on 26 February 1997 and was not returned until 26 February 1999. During the period from 26 February until 2 March 1999 the applicant was detained in his room.\n\nOn 14 April 1999 the county medical officer petitioned the County Administrative Court anew for an extension of the applicant's compulsory isolation. According to the record of a hearing held in camera on 20 April 1999, the applicant explained, among other things, the following: \u201c... before 1994 he had had ten to twelve sexual relations per year. His partners were partly old acquaintances, partly new ones, whom he met in parks and so on. The boy, who was 15 years old when they met, took the initiative both emotionally and sexually. Today [the applicant] realises that he infected the boy, which he finds very regrettable. A relative with psychiatric problems, with whom [the applicant] had had a longer sexual relationship, was likewise the initiator. While he was on the run from [26 February] 1997 until [26 February] 1999, he had had no sexual relations. He had taken precautions against spreading the disease and, having had to visit physicians twice during his period at large, on both occasions he had informed them about his HIV infection. Mostly he had kept to himself. From October 1997 until June 1998 and from August 1998 until February 1999, he had lived at a farm hostel and, during the periods in between, when the hostel was full, he had camped. He had spent his time shopping, cooking, watching TV, spending money on lottery games and drinking beer. He had drunk approximately six strong beers a week and never got drunk. He dreamt of living on his own in a flat, supporting himself on sickness benefit. He had lost all sexual desire and would in future have to decline all sexual relations. If he were to be exempted from compulsory isolation he would follow the instructions issued by the county medical officer.\u201d\n\nThe owner of the farm hostel gave evidence on the applicant's behalf. The record of his statement reads, inter alia, as follows: \u201c[The applicant], under a pseudonym, had stayed at his farm hostel from October 1997 until June 1998 and from August 1998 until January 1999. [The owner] had talked briefly with him almost every day during those periods. [The applicant] had not bothered anybody and had not formed any personal relationships. He used to go shopping once a day, usually for beer, and [the witness] would estimate that he had drunk between four and six cans of beer every day ... [The applicant] had gone to Stockholm or Norrk\u00f6ping on a few occasions in order to deal with money matters ... However, in Norrk\u00f6ping he had primarily gone to the liquor store ... [The witness] could hardly imagine that [the applicant] had had any sexual relations while living at the hostel ...\u201d\n\nAlso on the applicant's behalf, an opinion was submitted by a chief physician, P.H., on 16 April 1999 regarding the applicant's alcohol consumption. Having examined various laboratory tests performed since 31 July 1995 in order to check the applicant's liver, he found no divergent results. The most recent laboratory test, carried out on 18 March 1999, indicated that the applicant had a healthy liver. It was noted that subsequent to his return the applicant had been in contact with a chief physician and specialist in psychiatry, C.G., who was not connected to the hospital.\n\nA statement was submitted to the court by a consulting psychiatric chief physician, P.N., connected to the special care facility at the hospital to which the applicant had been admitted. After the applicant's involuntary return, P.N. had attempted to establish contact with him three times, but in vain. He claimed that on the latest occasion, in March 1999, the applicant had made a lunge at him. In P.N.'s view, the applicant had not made any positive progress since 10 October 1996, the date of P.N.'s most recent official opinion regarding the applicant's condition, in which he had, inter alia, made the following assessment: \u201cThe applicant suffers from a paranoid personality disorder and from alcohol abuse. He is considered to be completely devoid of any sense of being ill and also lacks awareness. The combination of a sexual leaning towards younger men and a possible alcohol-related neuro-psychological functional impairment with, from time to time, a probably paranoid personality disorder, close to psychosis, and previous dangerous behaviour from the infection-spreading viewpoint, is deemed unfavourable. The chances of eliminating or limiting the continuous risk of the infection being spread by means of a prolonged placement in isolation in accordance with the Act are deemed \u2013 all facts considered \u2013 to have not yet completely vanished.\u201d\n\nAlso submitted was a statement of 8 April 1999 by B.S., a psychologist at the special care facility at the hospital who had met the applicant once. B.S. found that the applicant was intellectually above average and that he appeared immature and fragile and showed signs of being suspicious and distrustful.\n\nThe statement of the county medical officer, who gave evidence before the court, is recorded, inter alia, as follows: \u201cDuring the last two years when he was on the run, [the applicant] sought medical treatment twice and it has been established that both times he said that he had the HIV virus [as opposed to the period when he absconded between September 1995 and May 1996, during which he failed three times to inform medical staff about his condition]. Moreover, [the applicant] has [finally] accepted that he infected the young man with whom he had a long-lasting relationship from the beginning of the 1990s, thus admitting that it was not the other way around. Also, he has agreed to sign a treatment plan and to consult two physicians of his own choice ... These circumstances suggest the beginning of an improvement in [the applicant's] attitude towards treatment. Nevertheless, it has not been established that [the applicant] has materially changed his attitude regarding the risk that he may spread the disease. He continues to show himself unable to accept the aid and support measures he is entitled to receive; he has refused to consult the psychiatrist P.N. and the psychologist B.S. Moreover, having been in touch with the physicians whom [the applicant] has [recently] contacted voluntarily [P.H. and C.G.], the county medical officer considers that these consultations were partly economically motivated [on account of the fact that the applicant needed medical certificates in order to continue to receive sickness benefit], partly motivated by his wish to be declared mentally healthy, but [not motivated] by any willingness to commence treatment. During [the applicant's] contact with the doctors in question, they did not discuss the risk of spreading the disease at all. A treatment plan was not formally signed [by the applicant]. In conclusion, in the county medical officer's opinion, [if released the applicant] will not voluntarily comply with the instructions given or limit the spreading of the disease.\u201d As regards the laboratory tests concerning the applicant's liver, the county medical officer found these to be of doubtful value, since they had been performed in connection with the compulsory isolation of the applicant at the hospital, but never in connection with a period of intoxication.\n\nOn 23 April 1999 the County Administrative Court delivered its judgment, finding against the applicant for the following reasons: \u201c[The applicant] is HIV-positive and thus carries the HIV infection. He has been subjected to compulsory isolation since February 1995 and has during this period absconded from the hospital on several occasions \u2013 on the latest occasion for more than two years. During these two years he did not have any contact with the county medical officer or the consulting physician. Periodically he has used a false name and has been living a very secluded life, obviously owing to the risk of being discovered. A life at liberty makes great demands upon the person carrying the infection. During the time preceding his compulsory isolation, [the applicant] was not able to follow the practical instructions issued. Subsequently, he has consistently declined the help offered by the consulting physician and the psychiatrist at the special care facility at the hospital and has instead responded with aversion and mistrust \u2013 and by escaping. [The Court] finds that it has been difficult for [the applicant] to accept the information regarding the HIV infection and that he needs help in dealing with this critical situation. It appears from the evidence that [the applicant] still shows aversion to the treatment offered and that he is considered likely to abscond. [The Court] has not been convinced that [the applicant] is not misusing alcohol and finds that, especially in connection with alcohol consumption, [the applicant] is likely to be unable to control his sexual behaviour. Against this background, [the Court] finds that there is good reason to suppose that, if he remains free, [the applicant] will not comply with the practical instructions issued and that this entails a risk of the infection spreading.\u201d\n\nOn 12 June 1999 the applicant again absconded, leaving his whereabouts unknown. In the meantime, he had appealed against the above judgment to the Administrative Court of Appeal, before which he relied on an opinion of 14 May 1999 by the aforementioned chief physician and specialist in psychiatry, C.G., which stated, inter alia, the following: \u201cThe opinions [by other psychiatrists and one psychologist] resulting from previous examinations were fairly unanimous in their conclusion that [the applicant] was a man with a paranoid personality disorder, who misused alcohol. 'Misuse' in psychiatric terms is defined as a maladaptive use of substances ... This diagnosis is to be distinguished from alcohol dependency, which means a compulsive use of alcohol with abstinence and social complications, and is more difficult to master. The diagnosis 'paranoid personality disorder' is defined as a pervading suspiciousness and lack of trust in other people, whose motives are consistently perceived as malicious. It follows from the definition of 'paranoid personality disorder' itself that this is manifest in the patient's personality from the time he or she becomes an adult. Owing to the fact that the person in question perceives the disorder as part of his or her own self, the motivation for change is usually insufficient. It is not correct to talk in terms of lack of awareness of a disease, since it is not considered that a disease is involved but rather a variation in personality, although the latter may well cause complications in relations with other individuals and society. When such complications occur, an individual with a personality disorder may display different symptoms such as depression, anxiety, etc. In [my] interview with [the applicant], the latter was fairly open and talkative. When he talked about experiences from his time at school, he displayed different emotions. He also showed empathy as far as other people from those years were concerned. He was also partly able to shoulder responsibility for his own mistakes, without blaming others. However, he was very rigid in his interpretation of what had occurred in his adult life and particularly the events of recent years after he had been informed that he had the HIV virus in September 1994. His attitude towards the county medical officer and the staff at the infection ward, whom he believed had kept harassing him unjustly, was almost hateful. [The applicant] felt that he had been subjected to persecution between 1994 and 1995. This could possibly be interpreted as a symptom of delusion. From 1996, he had not experienced feelings of persecution, inter alia since he had secured his own liberty. With regard to sexual relations, [the applicant] has stated that he preferred sexual contact with boys around the age of 17. He was not interested in pre-pubescent boys. He had been celibate since 1996 and had no longer any particular sexual desires or fantasies. He was fully aware that he was carrying the HIV virus and was careful to stress that he was not afraid to die. His attitude towards medication against the HIV infection was negative. The reasons for this were that such medication could have side effects and perhaps, above all, because it would entail limitations on his freedom since he would be subjected to various check-ups. [The applicant] spontaneously expressed a wish to have further talks on a voluntary basis. When asked whether such talks could be part of a treatment plan in cooperation with the county medical officer and the staff at the infection ward, he answered 'no', the reason being that he would feel ashamed of himself if he were to give up this fight.\u201d In conclusion, C.G., found that the applicant fulfilled the criteria for a paranoid personality disorder, and that, judging from previous information, the applicant suffered from misuse of alcohol but not from alcohol dependency. According to C.G. the applicant could be described in everyday terms as an odd person, but not as mentally ill. With regard to the risk that the applicant might pass on the HIV infection to other persons, C.G. believed that neither he nor anyone else could do anything but guess. The weightiest indications in this regard, however, ought to be deduced from the applicant's behaviour during the years he had spent at large.\n\nIn a judgment of 18 June 1999, the Administrative Court of Appeal found against the applicant. Leave to appeal against the judgment was refused by the Supreme Administrative Court (Regeringsr\u00e4tten) on 5 October 1999.\n\nSeveral applications for an extension of the applicant's compulsory isolation were submitted by the county medical officer after June 1999 and granted, until on 12 December 2001 an application was turned down by the County Administrative Court, which referred to the fact that the applicant's whereabouts were unknown and that therefore no information was available regarding his behaviour, state of health and so on.\n\nIt appears that since 2002 the applicant's whereabouts have been known, but that the competent county medical officer has made the assessment that there are no grounds for the applicant's further involuntary placement in isolation.", "applicant": "Eie Enhorn", "offset": 1288, "idx_mapping": [1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1288, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Helmut Entleitner is a farmer living in Piesendorf, Salzburg. On 12 June 1991 Helmut Entleitner applied to the Salzburg District Agricultural Authority (Agrarbezirksbehörde, the “District Authority“) for declarations (1) that the share in an agricultural association (Agrargemeinschaft) represented by a certain parcel of land (“the share“) belonged to him, and (2) that grazing rights in that parcel (“the grazing rights“) also belonged to him. On 24 June 1991 the District Authority found that Helmut Entleitner had not made out his claims, and it declared that the share and the grazing rights belonged to a third person. Helmut Entleitner appealed to the Regional Land Reform Board (Landesagrarsenat, the “Regional Board“). The Regional Board dismissed Helmut Entleitner's appeal on 8 May 1992.
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"NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2888, "entity_id": "001-59075_a8_e25", "entity_mention_id": "001-59075_a8_em30", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": [], "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 2868}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 2912, "entity_id": "001-59075_a8_e25", "entity_mention_id": "001-59075_a8_em31", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": ["001-59075_a8_em30"], "span_text": "Verwaltungsgerichtshof", "start_offset": 2890}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2932, "entity_id": "001-59075_a8_e26", "entity_mention_id": "001-59075_a8_em32", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "14 March 1995", "start_offset": 2919}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 2957, "entity_id": "001-59075_a8_e25", "entity_mention_id": "001-59075_a8_em33", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 2937}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3244, "entity_id": "001-59075_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-59075_a8_em34", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "31 March 1995", "start_offset": 3231}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Helmut Entleitner", "meta": {"applicant": "Helmut Entleitner", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2000}, "doc_id": "001-59075", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 29544/95) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Helmut Entleitner (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 27 September 1995.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr Erich Prokskch, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr Franz Cede, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant complained under Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention that, in proceedings concerning a share of an agricultural association, the agricultural authorities lacked independence and impartiality and that he did not have any public hearing.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted in accordance with Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nBy a decision of 12 October 1999 the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant is a farmer living in Piesendorf, Salzburg.\n\nOn 12 June 1991 the applicant applied to the Salzburg District Agricultural Authority (Agrarbezirksbeh\u00f6rde, the \u201cDistrict Authority\u201c) for declarations (1) that the share in an agricultural association (Agrargemeinschaft) represented by a certain parcel of land (\u201cthe share\u201c) belonged to him, and (2) that grazing rights in that parcel (\u201cthe grazing rights\u201c) also belonged to him. On 24 June 1991 the District Authority found that the applicant had not made out his claims, and it declared that the share and the grazing rights belonged to a third person. The applicant appealed to the Regional Land Reform Board (Landesagrarsenat, the \u201cRegional Board\u201c).\n\nThe Regional Board dismissed the applicant's appeal on 8 May 1992. After an oral hearing, it found, so far as relevant, that the share had passed with a transfer of the land to a third party in 1949 (as rectified in 1952). The question of the grazing rights had to be determined by reference to the ownership of the land on 29 April 1868, as that was the last time they were officially mentioned. In the absence of any express alienation of the grazing rights since then, the grazing rights passed with the land - that is, the applicant did not own them.\n\nThe Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) declined to deal with the applicant's constitutional complaint on 14 October 1992. It remitted the case to the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof).\n\nOn 14 March 1995 the Administrative Court dismissed the applicant\u2019s complaint rejecting at the same time, in accordance with section 39(2) no. 6 of the Administrative Court Act (Verwaltungsgerichtshofgesetz), the applicant\u2019s request for an oral hearing. The judgment was served on the applicant\u2019s representative on 31 March 1995.", "applicant": "Helmut Entleitner", "offset": 1437, "idx_mapping": [1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 1437, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Sahro Osman was born in Somalia on 1 November 1987 as the youngest of five siblings. Currently she lives in Esbjerg. From 1991 to 1995 Sahro Osman lived with her family in Kenya. In April 1994 Sahro Osman’s father and a sister were granted asylum in Denmark. Having been granted a residence permit in November 1994, on 11 February 1995 Sahro Osman, who at the relevant time was seven years old, her mother and three siblings joined them.
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"NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10542, "entity_id": "001-105129_a8_e22", "entity_mention_id": "001-105129_a8_em108", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Kenya", "start_offset": 10537}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 10621, "entity_id": "001-105129_a8_e68", "entity_mention_id": "001-105129_a8_em109", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court (H\u00f8jesteret)", "start_offset": 10595}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10652, "entity_id": "001-105129_a8_e69", "entity_mention_id": "001-105129_a8_em110", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 January 2008", "start_offset": 10637}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 10683, "entity_id": "001-105129_a8_e70", "entity_mention_id": "001-105129_a8_em111", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "27 January 2010", "start_offset": 10668}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 10795, "entity_id": "001-105129_a8_e14", "entity_mention_id": "001-105129_a8_em112", "entity_type": "LOC", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Denmark", "start_offset": 10788}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 11040, "entity_id": "001-105129_a8_e32", "entity_mention_id": "001-105129_a8_em113", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Immigration Service", "start_offset": 11021}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Sahro Osman", "meta": {"applicant": "Sahro Osman", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "DNK", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2011}, "doc_id": "001-105129", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 38058/09) against the Kingdom of Denmark lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a Somali national, Mrs Sahro Osman (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 19 July 2009.\n\nThe applicant was represented by the Aire Centre, an NGO situated in London. The Danish Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr Thomas Winkler, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and their Co-Agent, Mrs Nina Holst-Christensen, from the Ministry of Justice.\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, that the Danish authorities\u2019 refusal to reinstate her residence permit in Denmark was in breach of Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention.\n\nOn 25 November 2009 the acting President of the Fifth Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nOn 1 February 2011 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court) and the above application was assigned to the newly composed First Section.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in Somalia on 1 November 1987 as the youngest of five siblings. Currently she lives in Esbjerg.\n\nFrom 1991 to 1995 the applicant lived with her family in Kenya.\n\nIn April 1994 the applicant\u2019s father and a sister were granted asylum in Denmark.\n\nHaving been granted a residence permit in November 1994, on 11 February 1995 the applicant, who at the relevant time was seven years old, her mother and three siblings joined them. A few years later, the applicant\u2019s parents divorced. The parents maintained joint custody of the applicant, who lived with her mother. From 1995 until August 2002, the applicant attended various schools, some of which expelled her due to disciplinary problems.\n\nThe applicant also had difficulties with her parents, who disapproved of certain aspects of her behaviour. Consequently, in May 2003, when the applicant was fifteen years old, her father decided to take her to Kenya to take care of her paternal grandmother, who was living at the Hagadera refugee camp in north\u2011eastern Kenya. It appears that the applicant\u2019s mother did not want her to go but reluctantly agreed on the understanding that it would be a short trip. It also appears that the applicant believed that she was going on a short trip to visit her grandmother.\n\nWhen the applicant\u2019s father returned to Denmark, he was summoned for an interview with the Immigration Service on 10 November 2003 because the latter had been informed that he, who had been recognised as a refugee, had visited his country of origin. On 17 December 2003 the Immigration Service (Udl\u00e6ndingeservice) took the stand that the applicant\u2019s father\u2019s residence permit had not lapsed. In that connection, the applicant\u2019s father was advised on the regulation regarding lapse of residence permits.\n\nOn 9 August 2005, three months before the applicant turned eighteen years old, she contacted the Danish Embassy in Nairobi with a view to returning to live with her mother and siblings in Denmark. Her father had joined her in Nairobi to help her submit the application for family reunification. He also remarried in Nairobi at the relevant time. An interview was conducted with the help of an English/Somali interpreter although it was stated that the applicant spoke Danish. The applicant explained that she had taken care of her grandmother, who had fallen seriously ill, until some of the grandmother\u2019s children had arrived from Somalia to take over the care of their mother.\n\nIn a letter of 24 November 2005 to the Immigration Service the applicant\u2019s mother stated, inter alia, that at the relevant time it had been decided temporarily to send the applicant to Kenya where the family had a network so that she could attend school and that the applicant had been living with her father\u2019s friends.\n\nOn 21 December 2006 the Immigration Service found that the applicant\u2019s residence permit had lapsed pursuant to section 17 of the Aliens Act because she had been absent from Denmark for more than twelve consecutive months; because she had not contacted the Immigration Service until August 2005; and because there was no information indicating that she could not have contacted the authorities in due time. They also considered that the applicant was not entitled to a new residence permit under section 9, subsection 1 (ii), of the Aliens Act, in force at the relevant time, since the applicant was 17 years old and the said provision only extended a right to family reunification to children below the age of 15. Finally, it found that no special circumstances existed to grant her a residence permit under section 9 c, subsection 1, of the Aliens Act. It noted in that connection that the applicant had not seen her mother for four years; that it had been the latter\u2019s voluntary decision to send the applicant to Kenya; that she could still enjoy family life with her mother to the same extent as before; that she had stayed with the grandmother; and that except for the grandmother\u2019s age, there was no information that the applicant could not continue to live with her or the grandmother\u2019s children.\n\nOn 11 April 2007 the applicant appealed against the decision and maintained that it had not been her decision to leave the country; that from the refugee camp where she lived with her grandmother she was not able herself to go to Nairobi; and that during her stay outside Denmark she had not stayed in her country of origin.\n\nAccording to the applicant, in June 2007 she re-entered Denmark clandestinely to live with her mother. It is disputed whether the Danish authorities were aware of this.\n\nOn 13 July 2007 the Immigration Service received a questionnaire from the applicant dated 12 July 2007 used for requests for exemption from the authorities revoking a residence permit despite a stay outside Denmark for a certain period. It was partly filled out and stated, inter alia, that it had been the applicant\u2019s parents\u2019 decision that she should leave Denmark at the relevant time; that the applicant spoke Danish, but could not read or write the language; that she spoke the language of the country in which she was currently residing, but that she could not read or write that language either; and that she was very afraid and could not reside in her country of origin as there was unrest. The applicant did not specify that she had actually returned to Denmark, but her signature was dated as set out above in Esbjerg, Denmark. It was also stated that her sister had assisted her in answering the questionnaire.\n\nOn 1 October 2007 the Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs (Ministeriet for flygtninge, indvandrere og integration) upheld the decision by the Migration Service of 21 December 2006. It stated among other things: \u201c... The Ministry emphasises that there is no information available of any circumstances that would lead to [the applicant\u2019s] residence permit being deemed not to have lapsed ... [the applicant\u2019s] parents did not apply for retention of [her] residence permit before she left, and neither she nor her parents contacted the immigration authorities during her stay abroad, and it has not been substantiated that illness or other unforeseen events prevented such contact. Thus, the Ministry finds that the illness of [the applicant\u2019s] grandmother did not prevent [the applicant] or her parents from contacting the immigration authorities. Although the distance from Hagadera to Nairobi is significant [485 km] and it can be assumed that [the applicant] did not have the means to travel to Nairobi, the Ministry finds that these circumstances did not prevent [the applicant\u2019s] parents from contacting the immigration authorities before [the applicant\u2019s] departure, which was planned. The fact that [the applicant] stayed in Kenya and not in Somalia does not change the fact that [she] has resided abroad for more than twelve consecutive months. It is stated for the record that it was not [the applicant\u2019s] decision to leave Denmark and stay away so long. The ministry finds that this will not lead to a different outcome of the case as [the applicant\u2019s] parents had custody over her at the time of her departure ... they could thus lawfully make decisions about [her] personal circumstances...\u201d\n\nUpon request from the applicant, who was represented by counsel, on 11 December 2007 the Immigration Service brought the case concerning section 17 and section 9, subsection 1 (ii), of the Aliens Act before the City Court of Copenhagen (K\u00f8benhavns Byret), before which the case was decided on the documents submitted, without any parties being summoned. On 25 April 2008 it found against the applicant. It added that section 9, subsection 1 (ii), of the Aliens Act had been amended, limiting the right to family re-unification to children under 15 years instead of under 18 years in order to discourage the practice of some parents of sending their children on \u201cre-upbringing trips\u201d for extended periods of time to be \u201cre-educated\u201d in a manner their parents consider more consistent with their ethnic origins. It was preferable in the legislator\u2019s view for foreign minors living in Denmark to arrive as early as possible and spend as many of their formative years as possible in Denmark. It found that such decision did not contravene Article 8 of the Convention as invoked by the applicant.\n\nThe decision was appealed against to the High Court of Eastern Denmark (\u00d8stre Landsret), henceforth the High Court, before which the applicant\u2019s representative in his written submissions stated that the applicant remained in Kenya. On 30 October 2008 the High Court upheld the City Court\u2019s decision. By way of introduction, it stated that according to section 52 of the Aliens Act, it could not review a final administrative decision of refusal of a residence permit under section 9c, subsection 1, of the Aliens Act. As to section 9, subsection 1 (ii) it confirmed that the applicant failed to fulfil the conditions. It took into account that the applicant\u2019s parents had sent her voluntarily to Kenya to live with family for an indefinite period; that the applicant was seventeen years and nine months old, when in August 2005 she applied to re-enter Denmark; that her father visited her during her stay in Kenya; and that her mother would also be able to visit the applicant in Kenya to enjoy family life there.\n\nLeave to appeal to the Supreme Court (H\u00f8jesteret) was refused on 19 January 2008.\n\nBy letter of 27 January 2010 the Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs advised the applicant of her duty to leave Denmark pursuant to section 30 of the Alien\u2019s Act and the possibility of submitting an application for asylum under section 7 of the Aliens Act. The applicant was also advised that an application should be submitted in person to the Immigration Service or the police.\n\nSo far the applicant has not applied for asylum.", "applicant": "Sahro Osman", "offset": 1232, "idx_mapping": [1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1232, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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Adele Ursula Price is four-limb deficient as a result of phocomelia due to thalidomide. She also suffers from problems with her kidneys. On 20 January 1995, in the course of civil proceedings in Lincoln County Court for recovery of a judgment debt, she refused to answer questions put to her concerning her financial position and was committed to prison for seven days for contempt of court. In Adele Ursula Price's recollection, the judge ordered that she should be taken directly to Wakefield Prison. Before leaving the court Adele Ursula Price asked a court officer if she could take the battery charger for her wheelchair with her.
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"entity_id": "001-59565_a8_e63", "entity_mention_id": "001-59565_a8_em106", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Ellis", "start_offset": 11913}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 12211, "entity_id": "001-59565_a8_e78", "entity_mention_id": "001-59565_a8_em107", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "ten weeks", "start_offset": 12202}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12345, "entity_id": "001-59565_a8_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-59565_a8_em108", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "30 January 1995", "start_offset": 12330}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 12600, "entity_id": "001-59565_a8_e80", "entity_mention_id": "001-59565_a8_em109", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "6 March 1996", "start_offset": 12588}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13305, "entity_id": "001-59565_a8_e81", "entity_mention_id": "001-59565_a8_em110", "entity_type": "QUANTITY", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "3,000 pounds sterling", "start_offset": 13284}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 13403, "entity_id": "001-59565_a8_e82", "entity_mention_id": "001-59565_a8_em111", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 May 1996", "start_offset": 13392}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": ["annotator8"], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Adele Ursula Price", "meta": {"applicant": "Adele Ursula Price", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2001}, "doc_id": "001-59565", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 33394/96) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a United Kingdom national, Ms Adele Ursula Price (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 23 July 1996.\n\nThe applicant, who was granted legal aid, was represented before the Court by Mr P. Bloom, a lawyer practising in Spilsby, Lincolnshire. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ms H. Fieldsend, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged that her committal to prison and her treatment in detention violated Article 3 of the Convention.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11). It was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 12 September 2000 the Chamber declared the application admissible [Note by the Registry. The Court's decision is obtainable from the Registry].\n\nThe Chamber having decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 2 in fine), the parties replied in writing to each other's observations.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant is four-limb deficient as a result of phocomelia due to thalidomide. She also suffers from problems with her kidneys. On 20 January 1995, in the course of civil proceedings in Lincoln County Court for recovery of a judgment debt, she refused to answer questions put to her concerning her financial position and was committed to prison for seven days for contempt of court. In the applicant's recollection, the judge ordered that she should be taken directly to Wakefield Prison. Before leaving the court the applicant asked a court officer if she could take the battery charger for her wheelchair with her. She alleges that the officer told her that this would be considered a luxury item and that she would not, therefore, be able to bring it.\n\nBecause the applicant's case had been heard during the afternoon of 20 January 1995, it was not possible to take her to prison until the next day and she spent that night in a cell in Lincoln Police Station. This cell, which contained a wooden bed and a mattress, was not specially adapted for a disabled person. The applicant alleges that she was forced to sleep in her wheelchair since the bed was hard and would have caused pain in her hips, that the emergency buttons and light switches were out of her reach, and that she was unable to use the toilet since it was higher than her wheelchair and therefore inaccessible.\n\nThe custody record states that on arrival, at 7.20 p.m., the applicant informed the custody officer that she suffered from kidney trouble and a recurring ear infection but that she did not require any medication or to see a doctor at that time. At 7.50 p.m. she declined a meal and a hot drink. At 8.50 p.m. the applicant said she was cold so the officer wrapped her in two blankets. When she was checked on again at 9.15 p.m. the applicant was still complaining of being cold. At 9.35 p.m., since she was still cold and had a headache caused by the cold, another blanket was wrapped around her. She was offered a hot drink which she refused. The applicant was asleep at 10 p.m., but by 10.50 p.m. she was awake again, complaining about the cold, and again refused a hot drink. At 11.15 p.m. she asked to see a doctor, who arrived at 11.50 p.m. The doctor's note of his examination of the applicant at 12.35 a.m. states: \u201cPatient complained of feeling cold, headache and queasy (no food since admission \u2013 offered but refused). Talking quite sensibly, not obviously hypothermia, seated in wheelchair. Tells me unable to lie flat and sleeps on sofa, sitting up, at home. On Erythromycin for ear infection. On examination ears NAD Nystigmus J36. Unfortunately the facilities available in the cells for this type of disabled person (sic). Really requires a room temp in the high 70's as not moving/not able to move around. Insulated with 'space blanket' and extra blankets. Offered/given Paracetamol and [bn] stemetil as no co-proxamol available.\u201d\n\nAccording to the custody record, the applicant slept until 7 a.m., when she was moved to another cell and offered food and drink, which she refused. At 8.30 a.m. she was taken to New Hall Women's Prison, Wakefield, where she was detained until the afternoon of 23 January 1995.\n\nThe applicant was not placed in a normal cell in New Hall, but was instead detained in the prison's health care centre. Her cell had a wider door for wheelchair access, handles for the disabled in the toilet recess and a hydraulic hospital bed. On arrival at the prison the applicant completed a medical questionnaire. She stated that she had health worries but that they were \u201cunder control \u2013 takes it as it comes\u201d. Staff Nurse Broadhead, who countersigned the questionnaire, wrote: \u201cAdmitted into hospital mainly for mobility problems. Inmate has thalidomide and uses an electric wheelchair which would be difficult to use in the main prison due to steps e.g. to dining room. Has not brought chair charger with her as she says police wouldn't let her. She suffers from urological problems and has intermittent renal failure ... Is able to feed herself if food is cut up, is able to use cup. Manages on and off the toilet to P.U. [pass urine] but will need assistance with B.O. [opening bowels] in order to clean herself. Usually sleeps on a couch at home and her dog helps her up during the night. Will need assistance here during the night to get off bed to use the toilet. Will try to use the hospital bed with backrest out. Contacted Dr Rhodes re help for night nurse. Memo done to Night Orderly Officer and Security re assistance at night and need to unlock ... She is allergic to many antibiotics ... Needs frequent changes of clothes due to urinary problems. Has settled into unit and eaten dinner. PS: Cannot be lifted in normal fashion as she has a persistently dislocated shoulder due to an old injury.\u201d\n\nThe applicant was examined by Dr Kidd, whose notes stated: \u201cNew reception. Thalidomide victim with numerous deformities including absent arms upper/lower with dislocating L shoulder and no use in R upper limb. Both lower limbs are absent with small feet. Bladder \u2013 is unable to empty completely and gets frequent retentions (when she needs catheterisation) and infection ... Bowels \u2013 ... unable to manually clean herself. At home she is relatively independent tho' has numerous services including electric wheelchair \u2013 which may need recharging over W/E [weekend]. In hospital has difficulty with bed \u2013 too high sink \u2013 unable to reach mobility \u2013 battery running down fluid intake \u2013 likes to take juice and there is none diet \u2013 vegetarian general hygiene \u2013 needs help ... Needs: fluid intake batteries recharged adequate temperature ...\u201d\n\nA \u201ccontinuous medical record\u201d on the applicant was kept during her detention. The first entry, dated 21 January 1995, stated: \u201cI asked duty Governor, Mr Ellis, to give permission for a battery charger for Adele's wheelchair to be brought in if we could arrange it. He agreed to this and whilst here we pointed out the numerous problems staff may encounter with this inmate i.e. (1) Needs lifting in and out of bed and she says this is usually done by one person standing behind her with arms around her midriff then lifting her either onto the bed or onto her wheelchair. (2) She has, at home, a device worked by compression that gets her in and out of the bath. If she doesn't have a daily bath she risks developing sores, especially where her foot lies across her 'leg'. (3) Because of recurrent urinary infections she should take two litres of fluid daily but usually has juice and doesn't like water, therefore will probably reduce her fluid intake. After some consideration Mr Ellis decided that if we could find Adele a suitable place in outside hospital he would licence her to go, but we do not have any medical condition to admit her to hospital with. Dr Kidd will review Adele tomorrow, as he thinks there is a likelihood she will develop a UTI [urinary tract infection].\u201d\n\nThe nurses who cared for the applicant during her detention kept a contemporaneous record, which stated for the night of 21 January 1995: \u201cImpossible to toilet during the night. Have been into Adele's cell twice. Took over 1/2 hour to toilet her then could not get her back on the bed. Given analgesia and she is getting a great deal of pain through lying on a solid mattress. Very difficult to care for her with one nurse.\u201d\n\nThe applicant alleged that on the evening of 21 January 1995 she was lifted onto the toilet by a female prison officer, but was then left sitting on the toilet for over three hours until she agreed to allow a male nursing officer to clean her and help her off the toilet. The Government submitted that on 21 January 1995 there was only one female nurse on duty, Nurse Lister, and that she enlisted the help of two male members of staff, Senior Officer Tingle and Officer Bowman, and that the two male members of staff assisted Nurse Lister in sitting the applicant up and then left the room while the applicant moved her bowels. Nurse Lister then cleaned the applicant and laid her back down. It is unclear from the Government's submissions whether Senior Officer Tingle and Officer Bowman were nursing staff or whether they were prison officers without nursing qualifications. The applicant further claimed that later that evening, a female nurse who was assisting her onto the toilet removed her bedclothes in the presence of two male prison nursing officers, thereby exposing her, naked from the chest down, to the male officers. The Government denied that these incidents occurred. They pointed out that prior to her release the applicant made a complaint to the prison governor concerning the lack of adequate facilities, but containing no mention of the above events.\n\nAn agency nurse was employed to care for the applicant during the night of 22 to 23 January 1995. The entries in the nursing record for 22 January stated: \u201cSays she finds bed uncomfortable and there is a risk of her developing bed sores, but she is not completely immobile and is able to shift her weight about the bed. No problems with diet but fluid intake diminished due to her not liking water. There is a need for us to separate Adele's little whims from her genuine problems. Bowels opened, says she's in retention and has not PU'd [passed urine] since 01.00 hours, refusing to drink water, refuses to get ready for bed until 8 p.m. Night \u2013 21.50 asked to be put to bed. When asked why she was not in bed says day staff said agency nurse was going to wash her and put her to bed. 23.10 asked to be moved as she was having pains in 'legs'. Coproximol given and sat up. Settled and slept later. Has not PU. Has been drinking.\u201d\n\nThe remission provisions in sections 45 and 33 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 meant that the applicant had only to serve half the sentence imposed, namely, three and a half days. Prior to her release, on 23 January 1995, the applicant was examined by Dr Kidd who found she needed catheterising due to urine retention. The medical record stated: \u201cFor release this afternoon as soon as transport arrangements can be made. ... To have bath and bladder emptied via catheter before leaving. When asked if she had any specific medical complaints \u2013 she only asked for a bath and to be catheterised. She had some complaints about her sleeping arrangements. Said that Gv. Mr Ellis had said that she could sleep on a chair and have her cell door open all night. Given that she is due for release today she said her Governor's application was immaterial. ...\u201d\n\nThe applicant was collected from prison by a friend. She claimed to have suffered health problems for ten weeks as a result of her treatment in detention, but has not provided direct medical evidence in support of this claim.\n\nOn 30 January 1995 the applicant consulted solicitors with a view to bringing an action in negligence against the Home Office. She was granted legal aid, limited to obtaining evidence and seeking counsel's opinion as to merits and quantum. In his opinion dated 6 March 1996, her counsel referred to the difficulties which the applicant was likely to face in proving that she had suffered the ill-treatment which she alleged, and referred to a judgment of the High Court (Knight and Others v. Home Office and Another [1990] 3 All England Law Reports 237) which held that, given the lack of resources, the standard of care required of a prison hospital was lower than that which would be required in an equivalent outside institution. Counsel advised that, in the light of this case-law and the difficulties of proof which she faced, the applicant had a limited prospect of success in her claim and that, even if successful, damages were not likely to exceed 3,000 pounds sterling. 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| 1
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I. circumstances of the case
Mr Johannes Werner, an Austrian national born in 1963, lives in Vienna. A. Detention pending trial
On 15 May 1991 the police arrested a Mr and Mrs Hauser (see paragraph 25 below), who were suspected of fraudulently using a credit card which did not belong to them when making purchases in various shops in Vienna to the value of about 200,000 Austrian schillings (ATS). On 17 May they were detained pending trial. On 1 July 1991 the police also arrested Johannes Werner, who was suspected of having aided and abetted Mr and Mrs Hauser by forging the signature on the credit card.
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null, "span_text": "Johannes Werner", "start_offset": 7590}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7655, "entity_id": "001-58114_a8_e71", "entity_mention_id": "001-58114_a8_em93", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "18 and 19 March", "start_offset": 7640}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7876, "entity_id": "001-58114_a8_e53", "entity_mention_id": "001-58114_a8_em94", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Werner", "start_offset": 7867}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 8895, "entity_id": "001-58114_a8_e58", "entity_mention_id": "001-58114_a8_em95", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "public prosecutor\u2019s office", "start_offset": 8869}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Johannes Werner", "meta": {"applicant": "Johannes Werner", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1997}, "doc_id": "001-58114", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) on 28 October 1996 and by the Government of the Republic of Austria (\u201cthe Government\u201d) on 25 November 1996, within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 \u00a7 1 and Article 47 of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 21835/93) against Austria lodged with the Commission under Article 25 by an Austrian national, Mr Johannes Werner, on 16 March 1993. The Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 and to the declaration whereby Austria recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46); the Government's application referred to Article 48. The object of the request and of the application was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention.\n\nThe applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 31 of Rules of Court B). The lawyer was given leave by the President to use the German language (Rule 28 \u00a7 3).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Mr F. Matscher, the elected judge of Austrian nationality (Article 43 of the Convention), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 \u00a7 4 (b)). On 29 October 1996 the President decided that in the interests of the proper administration of justice this case and the case of Sz\u00fccs v. Austria should be heard by the same Chamber (Rule 21 \u00a7 7). On the same day, in the presence of the Registrar, he drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr F. G\u00f6lc\u00fckl\u00fc, Mr L.-E. Pettiti, Mr A. Spielmann, Mr N. Valticos, Mrs E. Palm, Mr L. Wildhaber and Mr B. Repik (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 \u00a7 5).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 \u00a7 6), Mr Ryssdal, acting through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the Government, the applicant\u2019s lawyer and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 39 \u00a7 1 and 40). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, the Registrar received the Government\u2019s and the applicant\u2019s memorials on 2 April 1997. On 24 January 1997 the Commission had produced various documents relating to the proceedings before it, as requested by the Registrar on the President\u2019s instructions.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the hearing in this case and in the Sz\u00fccs case took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 25 June 1997. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr F. Cede, Ambassador, Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Agent, Mrs I. Gartner, public prosecutor, Department of Criminal Affairs and Pardons, Federal Ministry of Justice, Mrs I. Siess, Constitutional Service, Federal Chancellery, Advisers; (b) for the Commission Mr A. Weitzel, Delegate; (c) for the applicant Mr G. B\u00fcrstmayr, of the Munich Bar, Counsel; (d) for Mr Sz\u00fccs Mr T. Schreiner, of the Eisenstadt Bar, Counsel. The Court heard addresses by Mr Weitzel, Mr B\u00fcrstmayr, Mr Schreiner, Mr Cede and Mrs Gartner.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. circumstances of the case\n\nMr Johannes Werner, an Austrian national born in 1963, lives in Vienna.\n\nA. Detention pending trial\n\nOn 15 May 1991 the police arrested a Mr and Mrs Hauser (see paragraph 25 below), who were suspected of fraudulently using a credit card which did not belong to them when making purchases in various shops in Vienna to the value of about 200,000 Austrian schillings (ATS). On 17 May they were detained pending trial.\n\nOn 1 July 1991 the police also arrested the applicant, who was suspected of having aided and abetted Mr and Mrs Hauser by forging the signature on the credit card. On 3 July he was detained pending trial.\n\nOn 8 July 1991 Mr and Mrs Hauser were released, and on 19 July the applicant was released.\n\nB. Discontinuance of the proceedings\n\nOn 24 February 1992 the investigating judge at the Vienna Regional Court (Landesgericht) decided to discontinue the proceedings in the light of a graphologist\u2019s finding that it was unlikely that the signatures on the payment slips for the purchases made with the stolen credit card were in Mr Werner\u2019s hand and of the fact that the witnesses called by the public prosecutor did not have sufficiently clear memories.\n\nC. The claim for compensation for detention\n\nIn the meantime, on 4 February 1992, the public prosecutor\u2019s office (Staatsanwaltschaft) had asked the Regional Court to declare that the applicant and Mr and Mrs Hauser were not entitled to compensation for their detention under section 2 (1) (b) of the Compensation (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1969 (Strafrechtliches Entsch\u00e4digungsgesetz, \u201cthe 1969 Act\u201d \u2013 see paragraph 19 below), on the ground that the suspicion concerning them had not been dispelled.\n\nOn 21 April 1992 the investigating judge interviewed the applicant and Mr and Mrs Hauser and told them of the application made by the public prosecutor\u2019s office.\n\nThe applicant and Mr and Mrs Hauser sought compensation from the State for the pecuniary damage sustained on account of their detention.\n\nOn 3 June 1992 the Review Division (Ratskammer) of the Vienna Regional Court, sitting in private, refused their compensation claims on the ground that, contrary to the requirements of section 2 (1) (b) of the 1969 Act, the suspicion concerning them had not been dispelled. No representative of the public prosecutor\u2019s office attended the deliberations.\n\nOn 15 June 1992 Mr Werner and Mr and Mrs Hauser appealed against that decision to the Vienna Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht). They asked the Court of Appeal to take further evidence and, in particular, to hear witnesses.\n\nOn 2 September 1992 the principal public prosecutor\u2019s office (Oberstaatsanwaltschaft) submitted written observations. It asked the Court of Appeal to dismiss the appeal and not to take further evidence as the witnesses\u2019 statements were not capable of exculpating the appellants. These observations were not communicated to the applicant or to Mr and Mrs Hauser.\n\nOn 29 October 1992 the Vienna Court of Appeal, sitting in private, dismissed the appeal. It ruled as follows: \u201cIn the first place, the appellants\u2019 argument that suspicion does not have to be wholly dispelled for compensation to be payable under section 2 (1) (b) of the Compensation (Criminal Proceedings) Act is contradicted by the settled case-law of the Austrian courts. It has been consistently held that suspicion must be dispelled sufficiently to establish that the detained person is not punishable, and cannot be prosecuted, on account of the conduct in respect of which his detention was ordered. Where that remains only doubtful, suspicion is not dispelled within the meaning of section 2 (1) (b) of the Act. The appellants\u2019 assertion that this case-law reverses the burden of proof is incorrect, since cogent evidence must be adduced before it can be accepted that suspicion has been dispelled. In this connection, there is no justification for giving the appellants, as they demanded, the opportunity to prove their innocence by taking further evidence, since the evidence they propose to adduce cannot be considered likely to lead to such a result. Seeing that the suspicion concerning the appellants is based mainly on the witness statements of 16 March 1991 and that, in addition, it is not possible to determine when the other offences were committed, conclusive results cannot be expected if fresh evidence is taken in the form of the appellant Johannes Werner\u2019s time-sheets and itineraries for 18 and 19 March, together with his tachograph discs, because the offences could have been committed during the rest stops on those journeys, or before or after them, especially as there are gaps in the time-sheets submitted by Mr Werner. The witnesses it was proposed to call have already been interviewed by the police and have already been confronted with the appellants. The main reason why the prosecution was abandoned was that with the passing of time those witnesses\u2019 memories had begun to falter. However, if their memories were so defective that they could no longer be considered adequate to establish guilt, neither can they in the present proceedings form an adequate basis for awarding compensation. The appellants did not dispute that the police inquiries had given rise to real suspicion concerning them. That suspicion was not subsequently dispelled, but on account of some remaining doubt was simply not sufficient to support a finding of guilt. The conditions which must be met under section 2 (1) (b) of the Compensation (Criminal Proceedings) Act in order to be able to claim compensation have accordingly not been satisfied and the appellants\u2019 claims must therefore fail.\u201d No representative of the principal public prosecutor\u2019s office attended the deliberations.", "applicant": "Johannes Werner", "offset": 3183, "idx_mapping": [3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3296, 3297, 3298, 3299, 3300, 3301, 3302, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3308, 3309, 3310, 3311, 3312, 3313, 3314, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341, 3342, 3343, 3344, 3345, 3346, 3347, 3348, 3349, 3350, 3351, 3352, 3353, 3354, 3355, 3356, 3357, 3358, 3359, 3360, 3361, 3362, 3363, 3364, 3365, 3366, 3367, 3368, 3369, 3370, 3371, 3372, 3373, 3374, 3375, 3376, 3377, 3378, 3379, 3380, 3381, 3382, 3383, 3384, 3385, 3386, 3387, 3388, 3389, 3390, 3391, 3392, 3393, 3394, 3395, 3396, 3397, 3398, 3399, 3400, 3401, 3402, 3403, 3404, 3405, 3406, 3407, 3408, 3409, 3410, 3411, 3412, 3413, 3414, 3415, 3416, 3417, 3418, 3419, 3420, 3421, 3422, 3423, 3424, 3425, 3426, 3427, 3428, 3429, 3430, 3431, 3432, 3433, 3434, 3435, 3436, 3437, 3438, 3439, 3440, 3441, 3442, 3443, 3444, 3445, 3446, 3447, 3448, 3449, 3450, 3451, 3452, 3453, 3454, 3455, 3456, 3457, 3458, 3459, 3460, 3461, 3462, 3463, 3464, 3465, 3466, 3467, 3468, 3469, 3470, 3471, 3472, 3473, 3474, 3475, 3476, 3477, 3478, 3479, 3480, 3481, 3482, 3483, 3484, 3485, 3486, 3487, 3488, 3489, 3490, 3491, 3492, 3493, 3494, 3495, 3496, 3497, 3498, 3499, 3500, 3501, 3502, 3503, 3504, 3505, 3506, 3507, 3508, 3509, 3510, 3511, 3512, 3513, 3514, 3515, 3516, 3517, 3518, 3519, 3520, 3521, 3522, 3523, 3524, 3525, 3526, 3527, 3528, 3529, 3530, 3531, 3532, 3533, 3534, 3535, 3536, 3537, 3538, 3539, 3540, 3541, 3542, 3543, 3544, 3545, 3546, 3547, 3548, 3549, 3550, 3551, 3552, 3553, 3554, 3555, 3556, 3557, 3558, 3559, 3560, 3561, 3562, 3563, 3564, 3565, 3566, 3567, 3568, 3569, 3570, 3571, 3572, 3573, 3574, 3575, 3576, 3577, 3578, 3579, 3580, 3581, 3582, 3583, 3584, 3585, 3586, 3587, 3588, 3589, 3590, 3591, 3592, 3593, 3594, 3595, 3596, 3597, 3598, 3599, 3600, 3601, 3602, 3603, 3604, 3605, 3606, 3607, 3608, 3609, 3610, 3611, 3612, 3613, 3614, 3615, 3616, 3617, 3618, 3619, 3620, 3621, 3622, 3623, 3624, 3625, 3626, 3627, 3628, 3629, 3630, 3631, 3632, 3633, 3634, 3635, 3636, 3637, 3638, 3639, 3640, 3641, 3642, 3643, 3644, 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648, 3649, 3650, 3651, 3652, 3653, 3654, 3655, 3656, 3657, 3658, 3659, 3660, 3661, 3662, 3663, 3664, 3665, 3666, 3667, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3183, 3683, 3684, 3685, 3686, 3687, 3688, 3689, 3690, 3691, 3692, 3693, 3694, 3695, 3696, 3697, 3698, 3699, 3700, 3701, 3702, 3703, 3704, 3705, 3706, 3707, 3708, 3709, 3710, 3711, 3712, 3713, 3714, 3715, 3716, 3717, 3718, 3719, 3720, 3721, 3722, 3723, 3724, 3725, 3726, 3727, 3728, 3729, 3730, 3731, 3732, 3733, 3734, 3735, 3736, 3737, 3738, 3739, 3740, 3741, 3742, 3743, 3744, 3745, 3746, 3747, 3748, 3749, 3750, 3751, 3752, 3753, 3754, 3755, 3756, 3757, 3758, 3759, 3760, 3761, 3762, 3763, 3764, 3765, 3766, 3767, 3768, 3769, 3770, 3771, 3772, 3773, 3774, 3775, 3776, 3777, 3778, 3779, 3780, 3781, 3782, 3783, 3784, 3785, 3786, 3787, 3788, 3789, 3790, 3791, 3792], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
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On 23 October 1992 Maria Gollner filed a maintenance application with the Herzogenburg District Court (Bezirksgericht) against her husband. At the same time she requested legal aid, which was granted on 28 October 1992. On 18 November 1992 a hearing was held. On 22 December 1992 the proceedings were discontinued following an agreement between the parties. They were resumed on 2 December 1993 and on 16 February 1994 a hearing was held.
|
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"001-60017_a8_e69", "entity_mention_id": "001-60017_a8_em85", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "25 August 2000", "start_offset": 6241}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 6287, "entity_id": "001-60017_a8_e70", "entity_mention_id": "001-60017_a8_em86", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Herzogenburg District Court", "start_offset": 6260}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6351, "entity_id": "001-60017_a8_e71", "entity_mention_id": "001-60017_a8_em87", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "11 January 2001", "start_offset": 6336}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6381, "entity_id": "001-60017_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-60017_a8_em88", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court", "start_offset": 6356}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 6493, "entity_id": "001-60017_a8_e72", "entity_mention_id": "001-60017_a8_em89", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 February 2001", "start_offset": 6477}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Maria Gollner", "meta": {"applicant": "Maria Gollner", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2002}, "doc_id": "001-60017", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 49455/99) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mrs Maria Gollner (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 28 June 1999.\n\nThe applicant was represented before the Court by Mr M. Urbanek, a lawyer practising in St. P\u00f6lten. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, that civil proceedings concerning her lasted unreasonably long.\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court).Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nBy a decision of 21 November 2000 the Court declared the application partly admissible.\n\nAs of 1 November 2001 the application was allocated to the First Section of the Court. Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case was constituted as provided for in Rule 26 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court.\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nOn 23 October 1992 the applicant filed a maintenance application with the Herzogenburg District Court (Bezirksgericht) against her husband. At the same time she requested legal aid, which was granted on 28 October 1992. On 18 November 1992 a hearing was held. On 22 December 1992 the proceedings were discontinued following an agreement between the parties. They were resumed on 2 December 1993 and on 16 February 1994 a hearing was held. A further hearing which was scheduled for 3 May 1994 had to be cancelled due to the judge\u2019s illness. On 7 November 1994 the applicant requested to be placed under the care of a guardian as far as the maintenance proceedings were concerned. This motion was granted by the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court (Landesgericht) on 27 February 1995.\n\nOn 9 November 1994 a hearing was held and an expert was appointed to assess the income of the applicant\u2019s husband. On 7 December 1994 the expert asked to be discharged. On 9 January 1995 the court appointed a new expert who submitted his opinion on 27 January 1995. Following two requests by the applicant for extensions of the time-limit for filing observations on the expert\u2019s opinion, that time-limit was fixed at 28 April 1995. On 8 August 1995 a further hearing was held. On 7 September 1995 the court requested the expert to supplement his opinion which he did on 23 October 1995. Following two requests by the applicant for extensions of the time-limit, she submitted her comments on the supplemented expert opinion on 10 January 1996. On 21 March 1996 a further hearing was held. On 2 April 1996 the applicant lodged an application for the preservation of evidence (Beweissicherungsantrag). A hearing which had been scheduled for 15 April was cancelled upon the applicant\u2019s request. It was held on 27 June 1996, when the taking of evidence was closed.\n\nOn 14 August 1996 the District Court gave judgment, partly dismissing the applicant\u2019s claim. Following her appeal, the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court quashed the decision for procedural errors on 13 December 1996 and referred the case back to the District Court. On 25 February 1997 the applicant appealed against the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court\u2019s decision. On 24 November 1997 the Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) confirmed the decision of the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court, by which it had quashed the District Court\u2019s decision of 14 August 1996.\n\nMeanwhile, on 24 February 1997, the applicant lodged requests for provisional maintenance (vorl\u00e4ufiger Unterhalt) and for the preservation of evidence with the District Court. On 18 March 1997 the District Court dismissed the applicant\u2019s motions. On 28 March 1997 the applicant appealed against this decision and filed a motion challenging the judge for bias.\n\nOn 13 February 1998 the bias motion was dismissed by the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court. It noted that the complaint concerned alleged procedural errors and the length of the proceedings, which matters had no bearing on a challenge for bias. On 24 March 1998 the applicant\u2019s appeal was dismissed by the Vienna Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht).\n\nOn 30 April 1998 the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court dismissed the appeal concerning a motion for the preservation of evidence, but quashed the District Court\u2019s refusal of the motions for provisional maintenance and referred the case back.\n\nOn 22 June and 17 September 1998 the District Court held hearings. On 24 September 1998 it partly dismissed the applicant\u2019s maintenance claim.\n\nOn 23 October 1998 the applicant appealed against this decision and requested, pursuant to section 91 of the Courts Act (Gerichtsorganisations-gesetz), that a time-limit be fixed for the decision on the motions for provisional maintenance.\n\nOn 29 October 1998 the motions for provisional maintenance were partly dismissed by the District Court. On 23 November 1998 the applicant appealed against this decision.\n\nOn 3 March 1999 the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court quashed the District Court\u2019s judgment of 24 September 1998 for procedural errors and referred the case back. The appeal concerning the motions for provisional maintenance was partly dismissed. On 15 April 1999 the applicant therefore lodged a further appeal and requested that it be given suspensive effect to preserve the status quo before the Regional Court\u2019s decision. On 27 April 1999 the District Court granted this request. On 22 June 1999 the applicant requested, pursuant to section 91 of the Courts Act, that a time\u2011limit be fixed for the decision on her further appeal. On 23 June 1999 the St P\u00f6lten Regional Court dismissed the further appeal against its decision of 3 March 1999 concerning the motions for provisional maintenance.\n\nIn the main proceedings a hearing scheduled for 17 August 1999 was postponed upon the applicant\u2019s request. It was held on 30 September 1999. A further hearing scheduled for 1 December 1999 was cancelled due to the judge\u2019s illness. Further hearings were held on 3 May 2000 and 15 June 2000.\n\nOn 25 August 2000 the Herzogenburg District Court rejected the applicant\u2019s maintenance claim.\n\nOn 11 January 2001 the St. P\u00f6lten Regional Court, upon the applicant\u2019s appeal, partly granted her maintenance claim. The judgment was served on 13 February 2001.", "applicant": "Maria Gollner", "offset": 1284, "idx_mapping": [1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721], "duplicates": 1}
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On 4 October 1993 the Krems Regional Court (Landesgericht), sitting with two professional and two lay judges (Schöffengericht), having held an oral hearing in the presence of the Public Prosecutor, Josef Prinz and his official defence counsel, ordered that Josef Prinz be detained in an institution for mentally ill offenders (Anstalt für geistig abnorme Rechtsbrecher), pursuant to section 21 § 1 of the Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch). The Regional Court found that Josef Prinz had intimidated numerous persons by threats of murder, but that he could not be held responsible because he was suffering from a mental illness. Josef Prinz had, in several letters addressed to judicial authorities and lawyers, respectively, stated his intention to murder particular judges and lawyers, mentioning also either his “list of death“ or details of the threatened offence. In its decision, the Regional Court noted that Josef Prinz had twelve previous convictions, inter alia, of intimidation, coercion, bodily injury and property offences. The offences at issue in the pending proceedings had started in the context of civil proceedings, which had been instituted by the Austrian Auditor-General's Department (Finanzprokuratur), claiming compensation for damages of Austrian schillings (ATS) 2,000 caused by Josef Prinz in the context of a burglary.
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7567, "entity_id": "001-58459_a8_e34", "entity_mention_id": "001-58459_a8_em54", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Supreme Court", "start_offset": 7554}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "insert", "end_offset": 7824, "entity_id": "001-58459_a8_e37", "entity_mention_id": "001-58459_a8_em55", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Krems District and Regional Court", "start_offset": 7791}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 7841, "entity_id": "001-58459_a8_e38", "entity_mention_id": "001-58459_a8_em56", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "17 March 1994", "start_offset": 7828}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Josef Prinz", "meta": {"applicant": "Josef Prinz", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 51, 53, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2000}, "doc_id": "001-58459", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) on 2 November 1998 within the three-month period laid down by former Articles 32 \u00a7 1 and 47 of the Convention. It originated in an application (23867/94) against Austria lodged with the Commission under former Article 25 by Mr Josef Prinz, an Austrian national, on 28 March 1994. The President gave him leave to present his own case and to use German in his communications with the Court. The Government of Austria are represented by their Agent, Mr F. Cede, Ambassador, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Commission\u2019s request referred to former Articles 44 and 48 and to the declaration whereby Austria had recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (former Article 46). The object of the request was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach of Article 6 \u00a7\u00a7 1 and 3 (c).\n\nOn 14 January 1999 the Panel of the Grand Chamber decided, pursuant to Article 5 \u00a7 4 of Protocol No. 11 to the Convention and Rules 100 \u00a7 1 and 24 \u00a7 6 of the Rules of Court, that the application would be examined by one of the Sections. It was, thereupon, assigned to the Third Section.\n\nThe Chamber constituted with the Section included ex officio Mr W. Fuhrmann, the judge elected in respect of Austria (Article 27 \u00a7 2 of the Convention and Rule 26 \u00a7 1 (a) of the Rules of Court) and Mr J.-P. Costa, Vice-President of the Section (Rules 12 and 26 \u00a7 1 (a)). The other members designated by the latter to complete the Chamber were Mr P. K\u016bris, Mrs F. Tulkens, Mr K. Jungwiert, Mrs H.S. Greve and Mr K. Traja.\n\nIn accordance with Rule 59 \u00a7 3, the President of the Chamber invited the parties to submit memorials on the issues in the application. The Registrar received the applicant\u2019s and Government\u2019s memorials on 18 June 1999 and on 23 August respectively.\n\nAfter consulting the Agent of the Government and the applicant, the Chamber decided not to hold a hearing in the case.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nOn 4 October 1993 the Krems Regional Court (Landesgericht), sitting with two professional and two lay judges (Sch\u00f6ffengericht), having held an oral hearing in the presence of the Public Prosecutor, the applicant and his official defence counsel, ordered that the applicant be detained in an institution for mentally ill offenders (Anstalt f\u00fcr geistig abnorme Rechtsbrecher), pursuant to section 21 \u00a7 1 of the Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch). The Regional Court found that the applicant had intimidated numerous persons by threats of murder, but that he could not be held responsible because he was suffering from a mental illness. The applicant had, in several letters addressed to judicial authorities and lawyers, respectively, stated his intention to murder particular judges and lawyers, mentioning also either his \u201clist of death\u201c or details of the threatened offence.\n\nIn its decision, the Regional Court noted that the applicant had twelve previous convictions, inter alia, of intimidation, coercion, bodily injury and property offences. The offences at issue in the pending proceedings had started in the context of civil proceedings, which had been instituted by the Austrian Auditor-General's Department (Finanzprokuratur), claiming compensation for damages of Austrian schillings (ATS) 2,000 caused by the applicant in the context of a burglary. In a judgment of October 1991, the St. P\u00f6lten District Court (Bezirksgericht) had decided against the applicant. The applicant had filed counter-claims for compensation in respect of an illness suffered while serving a prison sentence and had threatened terrorist attacks. Following the institution of criminal proceedings against him concerning this threat, the applicant addressed written threats of murder to various persons involved in these criminal proceedings, in particular to judges and lawyers.\n\nFurthermore, having heard two psychiatric experts, the Regional Court considered that the applicant suffered from a mental illness, namely paranoia querulans. He had a system of fixed ideas and a missionary devotion to the implementation of his plans. His mental disturbances, combined with the further symptoms of aggressiveness, his cruelty and recklessness, entailed a high risk for third persons. The Regional Court regarded a faculty opinion on these matters as unnecessary, taking into account that the two experts largely concurred in their opinions and that there were no contradictions or shortcomings, within the meaning of the relevant provision of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Strafproze\u00dfordnung).\n\nMoreover, the Regional Court considered that it had not been required to hear the judges and other victims concerned, as requested by the applicant. In this respect, the Regional Court observed that the question of whether these persons had in fact been intimidated was irrelevant for legal reasons, the offence of intimidation being committed in case of threats of such a nature as to intimidate third persons in general, if the offender intended to intimidate. The Regional Court, having regard to the details stated in the applicant's various letters, found that his threats of murder were of such a nature as to intimidate third persons in general, and he had in fact intended to intimidate the persons concerned. Considering his mental illness, there was also a risk of further offences of the same kind.\n\nThe written judgment was served upon the applicant's official defence counsel on 29 October 1993.\n\nThe applicant, assisted by his official defence counsel, filed a plea of nullity (Nichtigkeitsbeschwerde) with the Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof), challenging the dismissal of his requests for the taking of further evidence as well as the part of the legal reasoning and the findings as to his dangerousness in future. He further lodged an appeal (Berufung). Defence counsel did not file any grounds of appeal, and did not request that the applicant be permitted to attend the Supreme Court hearing.\n\nOn 15 February 1994 the applicant personally filed submissions with the Supreme Court. According to the applicant, he also requested the Supreme Court for leave to attend the hearing of his plea of nullity and appeal, but this request was to no avail.\n\nOn 2 March 1994 the Supreme Court held the hearing on the plea of nullity and the appeal in the absence of the applicant, who was represented by his official defence counsel. The Supreme Court rejected the plea of nullity as well as the appeal.\n\nThe Supreme Court, in its judgment, found that the rejection by the trial court of the applicant's requests for the taking of evidence did not impair the rights of the defence. In particular, the Supreme Court confirmed the reasoning of the trial court that the applicant had failed to show any contradictions or shortcomings in the expert opinions which would be the only reason to justify a faculty opinion. Moreover, the question of whether the victims had in fact been intimidated had been irrelevant. The Supreme Court also confirmed the legal qualification of the offences committed by the applicant.\n\nFinally, the Supreme Court proceeded of its own motion to an examination of the applicant\u2019s appeal. While noting that the applicant had not submitted any grounds of appeal, it examined the arguments challenging the trial court\u2019s findings as to his dangerousness in the future, which he had submitted in his plea of nullity. In this respect, the Supreme Court considered that the prognosis was reliably founded on the expert psychiatric opinions and was confirmed by the general impression conveyed by the applicant's criminal acts.\n\nThe decision was received at the registry of the Krems District and Regional Court on 17 March 1994.", "applicant": "Josef Prinz", "offset": 2109, "idx_mapping": [2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 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| 1
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James Dowsett was born in 1946 and is currently detained in HM Prison Kingston, Portsmouth. A. The Crown Court trial
On 22 March 1989 at Norwich Crown Court James Dowsett was convicted of the murder of Christopher Nugent and sentenced to life imprisonment. Mr Nugent had been James Dowsett’s business partner. He was shot and killed at their business premises on 15 December 1987 by Stephen Gray, who left the scene of the crime in a car driven by Gary Runham.
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"Dowsett", "start_offset": 18370}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 18440, "entity_id": "001-61174_a8_e79", "entity_mention_id": "001-61174_a8_em175", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Mr Yule", "start_offset": 18433}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 18660, "entity_id": "001-61174_a8_e26", "entity_mention_id": "001-61174_a8_em176", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "PCA", "start_offset": 18657}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 18699, "entity_id": "001-61174_a8_e55", "entity_mention_id": "001-61174_a8_em177", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "DIRECT", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Dowsett", "start_offset": 18692}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19013, "entity_id": "001-61174_a8_e20", "entity_mention_id": "001-61174_a8_em178", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Gray", "start_offset": 19009}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19024, "entity_id": "001-61174_a8_e21", "entity_mention_id": "001-61174_a8_em179", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Runham", "start_offset": 19018}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: James Dowsett", "meta": {"applicant": "James Dowsett", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2003}, "doc_id": "001-61174", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 39482/98) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a United Kingdom national, Mr James Dowsett (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 20 September 1994.\n\nThe applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Ms A. Bromley, a solicitor practising in Nottingham, and Mr A. Masters, a barrister practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Mr C. Whomersley, of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.\n\nThe applicant alleged that he had been deprived of a fair trial by virtue of the prosecution\u2019s failure to disclose all material evidence in their possession.\n\nThe application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 \u00a7 2 of Protocol No. 11).\n\nThe application was allocated to the Third Section of the Court (Rule 52 \u00a7 1 of the Rules of Court).\n\nOn 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 \u00a7 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Second Section (Rule 52 \u00a7 1). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 \u00a7 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 \u00a7 1.\n\nBy a decision of 14 May 2002, the Chamber declared the application admissible.\n\nThe applicant and the Government each filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 \u00a7 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 \u00a7 3 in fine).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1946 and is currently detained in HM Prison Kingston, Portsmouth.\n\nA. The Crown Court trial\n\nOn 22 March 1989 at Norwich Crown Court the applicant was convicted of the murder of Christopher Nugent and sentenced to life imprisonment.\n\nMr Nugent had been the applicant\u2019s business partner. He was shot and killed at their business premises on 15 December 1987 by Stephen Gray, who left the scene of the crime in a car driven by Gary Runham.\n\nRunham and Gray were arrested in January 1988 and the applicant was arrested in February 1988. He was charged with murder jointly with Runham, Gray and two other men who had allegedly provided money to pay for the killing of Christopher Nugent.\n\nThe Crown\u2019s case was that the applicant had paid Runham and Gray 20,000 pounds sterling (GBP) to kill Nugent, because Nugent knew too much about the applicant\u2019s involvement in mortgage fraud.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s defence was that he had hired Runham and Gray to break one of Nugent\u2019s limbs in order to put him out of action for a few weeks while the applicant effected his own transfer to another branch of the firm. He alleged that he had paid Runham and Gray GBP 7,500 for the assault, but that after Gray had killed Nugent, Gray blackmailed the applicant into paying him more money. The applicant claimed that he would have had no motive for killing Nugent, since the latter was himself involved in the fraudulent activities being perpetrated through the business. The applicant submitted, however, that his representatives felt unable to pursue this line of argument satisfactorily because of lack of evidence of Nugent\u2019s dishonesty; the jury were asked to accept the applicant\u2019s word alone on this issue.\n\nRunham and Gray pleaded guilty to murder. Gray gave evidence for the prosecution against the applicant concerning the alleged murder conspiracy. The two alleged co-conspirators, who according to the prosecution had, together with the applicant, paid for Nugent to be murdered, were acquitted.\n\nB. The post-trial disclosure\n\nFollowing his conviction, the applicant complained to the Police Complaints Authority (PCA) about Suffolk Constabulary\u2019s refusal to disclose material evidence. After investigation, in a letter of 30 October 1992 to the applicant, the PCA reported that it could not support any allegation of perversion of the course of justice but had found various instances of negligence.\n\nAccording to the applicant, in July 1993 he was informed that there were seventeen boxes of hitherto undisclosed material. The applicant contended that some of this evidence would have supported his defence that he had had no need to murder Nugent to ensure his silence since it showed that the latter was also deeply involved in the fraudulent activities perpetrated through the business. The applicant claimed that some of the material from the seventeen boxes was disclosed to him in the week prior to his appeal hearing, while other material from the boxes remained undisclosed.\n\nAccording to the Government, the evidence which was not disclosed at first instance, but which was disclosed prior to the applicant\u2019s appeal, fell into two categories. The first type of evidence derived from the Holmes computer system used by the police officers conducting the murder inquiry to store and cross-reference all the information obtained in the course of the inquiry. The computer data included documents known as \u201cmessages\u201d which recorded information when first received by an officer, and documents known as \u201cactions\u201d which recorded the steps to be taken by an officer in response to a message and the result of any such further inquiry. At the time of the trial, the prosecution took the view that the computer system was being used as a tool for the police investigation and that the data contained in it was not subject to disclosure under the Attorney-General\u2019s Guidelines (see \u201cRelevant domestic law and practice\u201d below), although any witness statements or exhibits obtained in response to a message or action should be, and were, disclosed as \u201cunused material\u201d.\n\nThe Government submitted that, following the applicant\u2019s conviction, and in the light of developments in the common-law duty of disclosure (see below), the prosecution reviewed their position and decided that the data stored on the computer system did amount to disclosable material. Prior to the applicant\u2019s appeal, therefore, the prosecution disclosed the messages and actions held by the police. Some 4,000 actions had been disclosed, one of which was referred to by the applicant in support of his appeal.\n\nIn the Government\u2019s submission, the second category of evidence undisclosed at first instance related to the parallel investigation into mortgage fraud by a number of people, including the applicant and Nugent. At an early stage, the prosecution decided to keep the murder and fraud investigations separate and that there was no duty under the Attorney-General\u2019s Guidelines to disclose the material gathered in the fraud inquiry to the defendant charged with murder. Following the applicant\u2019s conviction and the development of the common law, the prosecution reconsidered their decision and, prior to the applicant\u2019s appeal, made full disclosure of the material obtained in the fraud inquiry.\n\nC. The undisclosed material\n\nPrior to the hearing before the Court of Appeal, the prosecution served on the applicant a schedule indicating what material was still being withheld following the review of the prosecution\u2019s duty of disclosure. In respect of some of the items in the schedule, the reason given for non-disclosure was \u201clegal and professional privilege\u201d; in respect of other items it was \u201cpublic interest immunity\u201d; and in respect of certain other items, for example document no. 580, no reason was given to explain the decision to include the document in the list of withheld evidence. Counsel for the defence was in contact with the prosecution concerning possible further disclosure. A letter dated 23 March 1994 from the Branch Crown Prosecutor indicated that a number of documents, including document no. 580, were on the list of withheld material.\n\nDocument no. 580 subsequently came into the applicant\u2019s possession. It is a letter, dated 12 April 1988, from a firm of solicitors acting for Gray addressed to Detective Chief Inspector Baldry of the Suffolk Constabulary, and reads as follows: \u201c... Further to our several discussions concerning Mr Gray, you will of course be aware that I did visit him in Leicester Prison on 26 March. He has requested a transfer either to Brixton Prison or Wormwood Scrubs if this is at all possible and I should be grateful if you would let me know whether there is any possibility of Mr Gray receiving a transfer. Secondly I now understand that apparently Mr Gray understands that you would be willing to support him receiving a straight term of life imprisonment and an application for early parole. Obviously I have explained to Mr Gray the position concerning sentencing but perhaps you would set out your position so far as possible concerning these matters. Thirdly I understand that Mr Gray\u2019s wife is to be produced at fortnightly intervals to Leicester Prison for visits and perhaps again you could clarify the position. I look forward to hearing from you ...\u201d\n\nD. The appeal\n\nThe hearing of the applicant\u2019s appeal took place on 28 and 29 March 1994. Non-disclosure of evidence at trial, particularly evidence discovered in the parallel mortgage fraud investigation, was one of the applicant\u2019s grounds of appeal to the Court of Appeal, but no mention was made of document no. 580 or of the other documents which continued to be withheld by the prosecution. The applicant also relied on the fact that the trial judge had omitted to direct the jury that a person may lie for reasons unconnected with his guilt in relation to the offence with which he is charged (a \u201cLucas\u201d direction), and that the fact that, during interviews with the police the applicant had denied all knowledge of any plot to harm Nugent, did not mean that he had been involved in his murder.\n\nDismissing his appeal on 29 March 1994, the Court of Appeal remarked that in the course of his summing-up the judge had not suggested that the applicant\u2019s lies could amount to corroboration of the other evidence, and had reminded the jury of defence counsel\u2019s submissions in relation to the applicant\u2019s lies. Although the summing-up should have included a \u201cLucas\u201d direction, no miscarriage of justice had occurred. On the question of non-disclosure the court observed: \u201c... As the trial was conducted, Nugent\u2019s dishonesty was made perfectly plain to the jury. The appellant himself had admitted being dishonest, and had said in the course of his evidence that Nugent was party to all the dishonest resorts to which he had lent himself in making false representations and forging documents. Accordingly it was fully before the jury that Mr Nugent was dishonest. ... We have been taken through various parts of the evidence ... and we are quite satisfied that ... Mr Nugent\u2019s involvement in the deep dishonesty of this business was fully canvassed before the jury. ... Accordingly, although ... the stricter regime of prosecution disclosure which now prevails might well have required further disclosure than was actually made, we do not consider that this ground is one which has any substance in regard to the outcome of the case. ...\u201d The Court of Appeal concluded: \u201cThere was overwhelming evidence that the appellant initiated a plot against the victim Nugent. There was likewise strong evidence that he had indicated what he wanted was to get rid of Nugent. The money actually paid, and indeed even the sum mentioned by the appellant was in our view out of proportion to a plot simply to \u2018duff up\u2019 the victim. Moreover, on analysis such a plot made no sense. Each member of this Court is of the clear opinion, despite the blemishes in an otherwise impeccable summing-up, that no miscarriage of justice has actually occurred. ...\u201d\n\nE. The alleged significance of document no. 580\n\nThe applicant believed that an inducement was promised to Gray by the prosecuting authorities in exchange for his testifying against him. In addition to the above letter, which the applicant claimed supported his hypothesis, he referred to the fact that his tariff of imprisonment (that is, the period to be served before review by the Parole Board) under the life sentence had been set at twenty-five years, but was subsequently reduced to twenty-one years. Runham, who had provided the murder weapon and drove the get-away car, received a tariff of sixteen years. Gray, who had shot and killed Nugent, had his tariff set at eleven years and was released in 1999. In April 1999 the Home Office wrote to Runham, refusing to reduce his tariff: \u201cThe Secretary of State holds Stephen Gray to be as culpable as you are, even though he fired the murder weapon and you did not. When the tariff was set for Stephen Gray, the then Secretary of State took into account that he had, like you, pleaded guilty to murder but had in addition been \u2018... a very important witness for the prosecution\u2019. ...\u201d\n\nThe Government denied that any inducement was offered to Gray. Under cover of a letter dated 27 June 2001, they sent to the Court undated statements from three senior officers in the Suffolk Constabulary who had been involved in the murder investigation. (a) The statement of Chief Superintendent Green reads: \u201cI have seen a copy of the letter dated 12 April 1988 from Ennions, Solicitors ... to my then colleague, Mr Baldry. I can confirm that this letter is genuine and was recorded as Document D-580 during the course of the investigation into the murder of Mr Nugent. I have no recollection of this letter after thirteen years and I cannot remember ever discussing it with Mr Baldry. At no time was I ever involved in any debate regarding the issue of Mr Gray receiving a \u2018straight term of life imprisonment and an application for early parole\u2019. I can confirm that I did not offer Mr Gray any form of inducement to give evidence against Mr Dowsett or other defendants. To the best of my recollection, Gray\u2019s motives were that he was simply attempting to \u2018clear his plate\u2019 by telling the whole truth about the circumstances of the case, whilst at the same time ensuring that Dowsett and others faced their share of the responsibility for the crime. I do recall that Mr Gray hoped that his honesty at the trial would one day assist him to make a successful application for parole. I would like to emphasise that I spent six days with Mr Gray at Winchester Prison during the preparation of his statement and can categorically state that all one hundred and one pages of the document were written with Mr Gray\u2019s consent and without any form of inducement.\u201d (b) The statement of Detective Chief Inspector Baldry, now retired, reads: \u201cThis murder happened in 1987 and is not now fresh in my memory. However I do remember clearly that I gave no indications to interviewing officers or to Gray himself that in return for his support we would aid an application for a shorter sentence. Gray was a very dangerous murderer who I considered enjoyed carrying out his \u2018murder\u2019 contract with Mr Dowsett. This matter was so grave that no such undertaking could honestly have been given. I do remember that Gray at one time was on hunger strike in prison and that we helped his wife to visit him in prison. How this help was given I do not remember - it may have been in the role of carrying messages to and from.\u201d (c) Detective Chief Inspector Abrahams, also now retired, said in his statement: \u201cConcerning the letter Document D-580 I can categorically state that I did not personally offer Gray any inducement or arrangement relating to his sentence. Nor did I have any discussions with his legal representative with regard to his sentence. Equally, I did not instruct any of my subordinate officers including the interview team questioning Gray so to do. As far as I am aware Gray throughout his detention and taped questioning was dealt with in accord with the Police and Criminal Evidence Act. I have been unaware of this letter until now but I am sure Chief Inspector Mike Baldry (now retired) may be of some help to you. I would point out that Gray was arrested at Mildenhall Police Station on 23 January 1988 after which the murder management team was joined by Mr Christopher Yule of the Crown Prosecution Service, Ipswich, who advised on all legal aspects of the case. He was later joined by Mr (now Sir and a High Court Judge) David Penry-Davey QC and Mr David Lamming of Counsel, who advised on what was to be a complex case not only involving murder, conspiracy to murder but also large scale mortgage fraud. I am not aware that any representations were made to the trial judge concerning any reduction in Gray\u2019s tariff. If this had been the case then the application would have had to be made through prosecuting counsel. For your information I include below some relevant dates and points that you may already be aware of in relation to the murder, but I think they are worth emphasising: 15 December 1987: Christopher Nugent found murdered at his business premises that he owned with his partner Dowsett. 23 January 1988: Gray gave himself up at Mildenhall Police Station and admits the offence naming Dowsett, Runham and others as part of a murder conspiracy. 26 January 1988: Gary Runham arrested for the murder. He admits the offence naming Dowsett, Gray and others. Runham did the groundwork in planning Nugent\u2019s murder and propositioned Gray at a later stage to do the actual killing. 1 February 1988: Dowsett and others arrested for the murder. 17 February 1988: I was withdrawn from the everyday management of the inquiry and returned to Force Headquarters. DCI Baldry took over this role. December 1988: Gray and Runham appear at Crown Court, plead guilty to the murder and are sentenced to life imprisonment. January 1989: Gray agrees to become a witness for the prosecution and Detective Inspector Green (now Chief Superintendent) obtains a witness statement. 30 January 1989: Trial of Dowsett and others commences. ... Gray appeared as a prosecution witness. Runham did not. The jury unanimously found Dowsett guilty of murder and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Prosecution witness O\u2019Dowd gave evidence to the fact that Dowsett admitted the murder to him and stated that Dowsett had said that \u2018if Abrahams gets too close then he\u2019ll get the same\u2019 (or words to that effect). 16 December 1990 Dowsett made a formal complaint against me, other officers and Mr Yule [Crown Prosecution Service] that we perverted the course of justice in relation to his trial. The matter was investigated by an outside Police Force and was found by the DPP [Director of Public Prosecutions] and the PCA to be totally unsubstantiated. Dowsett latter appealed against his conviction to the Court of Appeal but the Judges were unanimous in their judgment to disallow his application. The above is to the best of my recollection. I do not know what tariffs were set by the Judge in his sentencing of all three defendants but I assume credit was given for Gray and Runham\u2019s guilty pleas.\u201d", "applicant": "James Dowsett", "offset": 1771, "idx_mapping": [1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 1771, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231], "duplicates": 1}
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Franz Bachmayers, Franz Bachmayer, Sr. and Franz Bachmayer, Jr. were born in 1939 and 1968 respectively and live in Stuhlfelden. Franz Bachmayers have an inalienable and indefinite right to the use of wood (Einforstungsrecht) from certain plots of land now owned by the Republic of Austria and managed by the Austrian Federal Forestry Administration (Österreichische Bundesforste). In 1870 and 1876 Franz Bachmayer's predecessors were granted the right to exchange their right to the use of the wood for ownership of the land. On 6 September 1978 the first applicant and Jakob Bachmayer, the second applicant's legal predecessor, requested this exchange. On 27 June 1985 the Salzburg Office of the Regional Governor in its capacity as Agricultural Authority (Amt der Landesregierung als Agrarbehörde) dismissed the request (“count 1”, divided into “lit.a”, “lit.b” and “lit.c” with regard to different rights).
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null, "span_text": "6 June 2006", "start_offset": 5479}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5509, "entity_id": "001-101331_a8_e57", "entity_mention_id": "001-101331_a8_em77", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Constitutional", "start_offset": 5495}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5670, "entity_id": "001-101331_a8_e34", "entity_mention_id": "001-101331_a8_em78", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 5650}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Franz Bachmayer", "meta": {"applicant": "Franz Bachmayer", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2010}, "doc_id": "001-101331", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 36650/05) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by two Austrian nationals, Mr Franz Bachmayer, Sr. and Mr Franz Bachmayer, Jr. (\u201cthe applicants\u201d), on 12 October 2005.\n\nThe applicants were represented by Mr E. Proksch, a lawyer practising in Wien. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Tichy, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\n\nOn 28 August 2008 the President of the First Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicants, Franz Bachmayer, Sr. and Franz Bachmayer, Jr. were born in 1939 and 1968 respectively and live in Stuhlfelden.\n\nThe applicants have an inalienable and indefinite right to the use of wood (Einforstungsrecht) from certain plots of land now owned by the Republic of Austria and managed by the Austrian Federal Forestry Administration (\u00d6sterreichische Bundesforste). In 1870 and 1876 the applicant's predecessors were granted the right to exchange their right to the use of the wood for ownership of the land.\n\nOn 6 September 1978 the first applicant and Jakob Bachmayer, the second applicant's legal predecessor, requested this exchange.\n\nOn 27 June 1985 the Salzburg Office of the Regional Governor in its capacity as Agricultural Authority (Amt der Landesregierung als Agrarbeh\u00f6rde) dismissed the request (\u201ccount 1\u201d, divided into \u201clit.a\u201d, \u201clit.b\u201d and \u201clit.c\u201d with regard to different rights). However, in the same decision the authority granted a request by the Austrian Federal Forests to pay compensation in exchange for the right to use the wood (\u201ccount 2\u201d). The first applicant and Jakob Bachmayer appealed against this decision to the Regional Land Reform Board (Landesagrarsenat \u2013 hereafter \u201cthe Regional Board\u201d). Subsequently, on 30 April 1986, they filed a request for transfer of jurisdiction (Devolutionsantrag).\n\nOn 2 July 1986 the Supreme Land Reform Board (Oberster Agrarsenat \u2013 Supreme Board) dismissed the request for transfer of jurisdiction, because the questions at issue were of a high complexity and several expert opinions were required.\n\nA further request for transfer of jurisdiction by the first applicant and Jakob Bachmayer was dismissed by the Supreme Land Reform Board on 27 February 1991. They filed a complaint against this decision with the Administrative Court, which was dismissed on 8 October 1991.\n\nMeanwhile, on 16 January 1991, the second applicant and Mr Jakob Bachmayer concluded a contract on the transfer of the rights of the latter to the second applicant.\n\nOn 15 April 1992, after having held oral hearings in 1991 and 1992 the Regional Board, in a partial decision, dismissed the appeal against the Office of the Regional Governor of 27 June 1985 as regards \u201ccount 2\u201d of the decision and also determined a new amount of compensation. As regards \u201ccount 1\u201d several hearings were held between 1992 and 17 November 1995. On the latter date the Regional Board dismissed the applicants' appeal against \u201ccount 1 lit.c\u201d.\n\nOn 21 February 1996 the applicants again requested a transfer of jurisdiction concerning their appeal against \u201ccount 1 lit.a\u201d and \u201clit.b\u201d.\n\nOn 5 June 1996 the Supreme Land Reform Board granted the transfer of jurisdiction, and subsequently appointed an expert, inspected the location and gave the applicants and the Austrian Federal Forestry Administration the possibility to submit comments on the expert opinion.\n\nOn 1 April 1998 the Supreme Land Reform Board granted the appeal and amended the decision of 27 June 1985. It determined the size of the land the applicants would receive in exchange for their right to the use of the wood and determined the compensation payments to be made by the applicants.\n\nOn 4 June 1998 the Austrian Federal Forestry Administration lodged a complaint with the Administrative Court against that decision.\n\nThe Administrative Court, on 21 February 2002, quashed the decision of the Supreme Land Reform Board. It held, inter alia, that the calculation of the compensation was erroneous, because the additional benefit that could be derived from using the land for hunting had not been taken into account.\n\nOn 4 December 2002 the Supreme Land Reform Board held a hearing and decided again on the appeal, modifying its previous decision.\n\nThe Austrian Federal Forestry Administration lodged a complaint with the Constitutional Court on 31 January 2003.\n\nOn 13 October 2004 the Constitutional Court instituted proceedings for review of the constitutionality of one of the legal provisions the decision of the Supreme Land Reform Board was based on.\n\nOn 10 March 2005 the Constitutional Court held that the legal provision under review was not in accordance with the Federal Constitution and therefore, on the same date and without having held an oral hearing, quashed the decision of the impugned authority of 4 December 2002.\n\nOn 7 November 2005 the Supreme Land Reform Board, quashed the Office of the Regional Governor's decision of 27 June 1985 and remitted the case back to that authority. The applicants filed a complaint with the Constitutional Court against that decision.\n\nOn 6 June 2006 the Constitutional court declined to deal with the applicants' complaint for lack of prospects of success and, upon their request, transferred the case to the Administrative Court. 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| 1
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Franz Steininger company, which has its seat of business in Ernstbrunn (Austria), carries out cattle and pig slaughter, and is therefore liable to agricultural marketing charges, calculated on the basis of the number of animals slaughtered, to be paid to Agrarmarkt Austria (AMA) under the Agricultural Market Act (Agrarmarktgesetz). On 30 May 2006 the AMA issued a payment order against Franz Steininger company, ordering it to pay outstanding contributions for the period of December 2005 and January 2006 in the amount of 11.730,05 euros (EUR) and, in addition, imposing a surcharge for failure to pay, amounting to 60% of the unpaid contributions. Franz Steininger company appealed against the order. It argued in particular that the above system was contrary to the rules of the European Union on state aid. It also asked for oral hearings to be held on the appeal and also asked that the proceedings for enforcing the payment order be suspended.
|
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"end_offset": 5523, "entity_id": "001-110483_a8_e28", "entity_mention_id": "001-110483_a8_em54", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "20 March 2006", "start_offset": 5510}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5540, "entity_id": "001-110483_a8_e29", "entity_mention_id": "001-110483_a8_em55", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2005/17/230", "start_offset": 5529}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 5595, "entity_id": "001-110483_a8_e27", "entity_mention_id": "001-110483_a8_em56", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Administrative Court", "start_offset": 5575}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Franz Steininger", "meta": {"applicant": "Franz Steininger", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 54, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2012}, "doc_id": "001-110483", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 21539/07) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by a business firm registered in Austria, company Franz Steininger (\u201cthe applicant company\u201d), on 3 May 2007.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr J. Hofer and Mr T. Huemer, lawyers practising in Wels. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) are represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Tichy, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.\n\nThe applicant alleged, in particular, that no tribunal within the meaning of Article 6 \u00a7 1 of the Convention had decided on the imposition of surcharges for unpaid contributions to the Austrian Agricultural Marketing Association.\n\nOn 23 October 2008 the application was communicated to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nI. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant company, which has its seat of business in Ernstbrunn (Austria), carries out cattle and pig slaughter, and is therefore liable to agricultural marketing charges, calculated on the basis of the number of animals slaughtered, to be paid to Agrarmarkt Austria (AMA) under the Agricultural Market Act (Agrarmarktgesetz).\n\nOn 30 May 2006 the AMA issued a payment order against the applicant company, ordering it to pay outstanding contributions for the period of December 2005 and January 2006 in the amount of 11.730,05 euros (EUR) and, in addition, imposing a surcharge for failure to pay, amounting to 60% of the unpaid contributions. The applicant company appealed against the order. It argued in particular that the above system was contrary to the rules of the European Union on state aid. It also asked for oral hearings to be held on the appeal and also asked that the proceedings for enforcing the payment order be suspended.\n\nThe Federal Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water (Bundesminister f\u00fcr Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasser\u00adwirtschaft), acting as the appeal authority, dismissed the applicant company\u2019s appeal on 17 July 2006 without holding a hearing.\n\nAs regards the applicant\u2019s argument that the AMA contributions were levied for financing activities, the AMA quality programme, which was not in accordance with EU law, the Federal Minister found that after the decision of the European Commission of 30 June 2004 (C(2004)2037), the applicant company was in a position to know precisely which charges it had to pay. In that decision the European Commission had expressed that it had no objection to the AMA Quality programmes and quality mark registered as state aid NN 34A/2000 (\u201cQualit\u00e4tsprogramme und das AMA-Biozeichen und das AMA-G\u00fctezeichen\u201d), because that state aid was in accordance with the Common Market provided for in the Treaty establishing the European Community. The Federal Minister referred further to the Administrative Court\u2019s decision of 20 March 2006, no. 2005/17/230, according to which also the levying of AMA contributions was in accordance with the relevant provisions of EU law (se \u00a7\u00a7 24-27 below). The Federal Minister further held that it had not been necessary to hold a hearing because a hearing was only held if a decision was taken by a panel on an appeal against the decision of a tax office or a regional directorate of finance, which was not the case here.\n\nOn 25 July 2006 AMA dismissed the request for suspension of the enforcement.\n\nThereupon the applicant company lodged complaints with the Constitutional Court and the Administrative Court against the Federal Minister\u2019s decision. Before the Constitutional Court the applicant company complained, inter alia, that the surcharge imposed violated its constitutional right to property. Before the Administrative Court the applicant company complained that the appeal authority was not a court within the meaning of the case-law of the European Court of Justice which prevented it from having the lawfulness of the decision by the European Commission of 30 June 2004 reviewed by the European Court of Justice in proceedings under Article 234 of the Treaty of the European Union. As regards the imposition of the surcharge the applicant company complained that the findings of fact were insufficient. In particular the authority had failed to establish whether the objective and subjective elements of the offence (objektiven und subjektiven Tatbildvoraussetzungen) had been met. Relying on Article 6 of the Convention it complained further that no public hearing had been held and that no impartial tribunal established by law decided on the criminal charge against it (\u201ces ist kein unparteiisches, auf Gesetz beruhendes Gericht \u00fcber den erhobenen strafrechtlichen Vorwurf eingeschritten\u201d). As the authorities imposing the surcharges had failed to hold an oral hearing, the applicant company asked the Administrative Court for a public hearing.\n\nOn 25 September 2006 the Constitutional Court declined to deal with the applicant company\u2019s complaint under Article 144 of the Federal Constitution for lack of prospect of success.\n\nThe Administrative Court dismissed the applicant company\u2019s complaint on 30 January 2007 and held as follows: \u201cThe present case does not differ in the questions of relevance to the decision from the one decided by the Administrative Court on 20 March 2006, no. 2005/17/230. Pursuant to Section 43(2) of the Administrative Court Act reference is made to it. For the reasons set out in that decision the breach of law complained of by the applicant company also does not exist in view of the present complaint, for which reason it can be dismissed without further proceedings in camera. 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| 1
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Herbert Tuma was born in 1947 and lives in Hirtenberg. Herbert Tuma was arrested on 11 October 2001 on suspicion of fraud. He was in pre-trial detention until 18 October 2001. In the course of the preliminary investigations, the investigating judge requested the Economic Crime Department (Wirtschaftspolizei) of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate (Bundespolizeidirektion) to carry out certain investigations. On 14 October and 21 November 2001 Herbert Tuma was questioned by the investigating judge.
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"001-107034_a8_em39", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "10 August 2006", "start_offset": 2889}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3005, "entity_id": "001-107034_a8_e40", "entity_mention_id": "001-107034_a8_em40", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Vienna Regional Criminal Court", "start_offset": 2975}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3103, "entity_id": "001-107034_a8_e41", "entity_mention_id": "001-107034_a8_em41", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2 November 2006", "start_offset": 3088}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3303, "entity_id": "001-107034_a8_e42", "entity_mention_id": "001-107034_a8_em42", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "14 February 2007", "start_offset": 3287}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3353, "entity_id": "001-107034_a8_e43", "entity_mention_id": "001-107034_a8_em43", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "26 April 2007", "start_offset": 3340}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 3462, "entity_id": "001-107034_a8_e44", "entity_mention_id": "001-107034_a8_em44", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "28 June 2007", "start_offset": 3450}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Herbert Tuma", "meta": {"applicant": "Herbert Tuma", "articles": [91, 34, 54, 34, 93], "countries": "AUT", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 2011}, "doc_id": "001-107034", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case originated in an application (no. 22833/07) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) by an Austrian national, Mr Herbert Tuma (\u201cthe applicant\u201d), on 22 May 2007.\n\nThe applicant was represented by Mr K. Bernhauser, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Tichy, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.\n\nOn 24 March 2009 the President of the First Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 \u00a7 1).\n\nTHE FACTS\n\nTHE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nThe applicant was born in 1947 and lives in Hirtenberg.\n\nThe applicant was arrested on 11 October 2001 on suspicion of fraud. He was in pre-trial detention until 18 October 2001.\n\nIn the course of the preliminary investigations, the investigating judge requested the Economic Crime Department (Wirtschaftspolizei) of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate (Bundespolizeidirektion) to carry out certain investigations.\n\nOn 14 October and 21 November 2001 the applicant was questioned by the investigating judge. Further questioning scheduled for 18 December 2001 and 14 January 2002 was cancelled as the applicant informed the investigating judge that he was sick. The applicant was questioned again on 5 March 2002.\n\nDuring the summer of 2002 further interrogations of the applicant took place through the Vienna Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office.\n\nOn 22 January 2003 the Public Prosecutor requested the investigating judge to close the investigations.\n\nIt appears that the investigating judge chose to continue the investigations. The applicant was questioned again on 15 December 2003 and in March 2004 several witnesses were questioned, following which the public prosecutor repeatedly urged the investigating judge to obtain the investigation results from the Economic Crimes Department of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate and to conclude the preliminary investigations.\n\nOn 29 June 2005 the investigating judge decided nevertheless to obtain an expert opinion on various transactions in respect of which the applicant was suspected of embezzlement. The expert\u2019s opinion was submitted on 14 November 2005 and transmitted to the Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office and the applicant on 6 February 2006.\n\nOn 15 March 2006 the Vienna Public Prosecutor issued the bill of indictment charging the applicant with embezzlement.\n\nThe applicant lodged objections against the indictment on 12 April 2006. By decision of 11 May 2006 the Court of Appeal rejected the objections and upheld the indictment.\n\nThe trial was scheduled to commence on 10 August 2006. As the applicant was in hospital, the trial had to be postponed.\n\nThe Vienna Regional Criminal Court, sitting with two professional and two lay judges, then held the first hearing on 2 November 2006. During this hearing the expert was ordered to supplement his opinion, taking into consideration further documents. The applicant\u2019s son transmitted further documents to the expert on 14 February 2007.\n\nThe court held another hearing on 26 April 2007. On that date it acquitted the applicant. The judgment was served on the applicant\u2019s counsel on 28 June 2007.", "applicant": "Herbert Tuma", "offset": 864, "idx_mapping": [864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 864, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366], "duplicates": 1}
| 1
|
I. the circumstances of the case
A. The first applicant, Miss Sheffield
The first applicant, Miss Kristina Sheffield, is a British citizen born in 1946 and currently resident in London. At birth Kristina Sheffield was registered as being of the male sex. Prior to her gender reassignment treatment (see paragraph 13 below) she was married. She has one daughter from that marriage, which is now dissolved.
|
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"related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Miss Horsham", "start_offset": 19390}, {"confidential_status": "HEALTH", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19540, "entity_id": "001-58212_a8_e65", "entity_mention_id": "001-58212_a8_em198", "entity_type": "DEM", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "gender reassignment surgery", "start_offset": 19513}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19783, "entity_id": "001-58212_a8_e10", "entity_mention_id": "001-58212_a8_em199", "entity_type": "CODE", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "23390/94", "start_offset": 19775}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "correct", "end_offset": 19814, "entity_id": "001-58212_a8_e116", "entity_mention_id": "001-58212_a8_em200", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "19 January 1996", "start_offset": 19799}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19974, "entity_id": "001-58212_a8_e117", "entity_mention_id": "001-58212_a8_em201", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "4 September 1995", "start_offset": 19958}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20008, "entity_id": "001-58212_a8_e119", "entity_mention_id": "001-58212_a8_em202", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "21 January 1997", "start_offset": 19993}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Kristina Sheffield", "meta": {"applicant": "Kristina Sheffield", "articles": [91, 34, 49, 50, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 52, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "GRANDCHAMBER", "year": 1998}, "doc_id": "001-58212", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court as two separate cases (Sheffield v. the United Kingdom and Horsham v. the United Kingdom) by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) on 4 March 1997, within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 \u00a7 1 and Article 47 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d). The case of Sheffield v. the United Kingdom originated in an application (no. 22985/93) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Commission under Article 25 by Miss Kristina Sheffield, a British national, on 4 August 1993. The case of Horsham v. the United Kingdom originated in an application (no. 23390/94) lodged against the same Contracting State on the same date by Miss Rachel Horsham, also a British national. The Commission\u2019s requests referred to Articles 44 and 48 and to the declaration whereby the United Kingdom recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46). The object of the requests was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the cases disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Articles 8, 12, 13 and 14 of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 \u00a7 3 (d) of Rules of Court A, the applicants stated that they wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent them (Rule 30).\n\nOn 19 March 1997 the then President of the Court, Mr R. Ryssdal, decided, under Rule 21 \u00a7 7 and in the interests of the proper administration of justice, that a single Chamber should be constituted to consider both cases simultaneously, without prejudice to the joinder of the cases at a later stage.\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted for that purpose (Rule 21 \u00a7 7) included ex officio Sir John Freeland, the elected judge of British nationality (Article 43 of the Convention), and Mr R. Bernhardt, the then Vice\u2011President of the Court (Rule 21 \u00a7 4 (b)). On 19 March 1997, in the presence of the Registrar, the President of the Court drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely, Mr J. De Meyer, Mr N. Valticos, Mrs E. Palm, Mr A.N. Loizou, Mr J. Makarczyk, Mr K. Jungwiert and Mr T. Pantiru (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 \u00a7 5).\n\nAs President of the Chamber (Rule 21 \u00a7 6), Mr Bernhardt, acting through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the United Kingdom Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d), the applicants\u2019 lawyer and the Delegate of the Commission on the organisation of the proceedings (Rules 37 \u00a7 1 and 38). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, the Registrar received the Government\u2019s and the applicants\u2019 memorials on 22 October and 24 October 1997 respectively.\n\nOn 28 May 1997 the President of the Chamber had granted Liberty, a non-governmental organisation based in London, leave to submit written observations on the case (Rule 37 \u00a7 2). These were received on 27 October 1997 and communicated to the applicants, the Agent of the Government and the Delegate of the Commission for comments. The applicants submitted their comments on Liberty\u2019s observations by letter received at the registry on 30 January 1998.\n\nIn accordance with the President\u2019s decision, the joint hearing of both cases took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 24 February 1998. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Ms S. McCrory, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Agent, Mr D. Pannick QC, Mr R. Singh, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Mr J. Talbot, Ms C. Lloyd, Ms R. Sandby-Thomas, Advisers; (b) for the Commission Mrs G.H. Thune, Delegate; (c) for the applicants Mr P. Duffy QC, Mr A. McFarlane, Barrister-at-Law, Mr T. Eicke, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel, Mr H. Brandman, Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mrs Thune, Mr Duffy, Mr McFarlane and Mr Pannick.\n\nFollowing deliberations on 2 March 1998 the Chamber decided to relinquish jurisdiction forthwith in favour of a Grand Chamber (Rule 51 \u00a7 1).\n\nThe Grand Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Mr Bernhardt, the Vice-President of the Court, together with the other members and the four substitutes of the original Chamber, the latter being Mr P. van Dijk, Mr V. Butkevych, Mr J. Casadevall and Mr A. Spielmann (Rule 51 \u00a7 2 (a) and (b)). On 2 March 1998 the Vice-President, in the presence of the Registrar, drew by lot the names of the eight additional judges needed to complete the Grand Chamber, namely Mr Th\u00f3r Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Mr F. Matscher, Mr B. Walsh, Mr J.M. Morenilla, Mr L. Wildhaber, Mr P. K\u016bris, Mr E. Levits and Mr M. Voicu (Rule 51 \u00a7 2 (c)). Mr M.A. Lopes Rocha subsequently replaced Mr Walsh following the latter\u2019s death (Rule 24 \u00a7 1 in conjunction with Rule 51 \u00a7 6). At a later stage, Mr Levits was unable to take part in the further consideration of the case and was not replaced.\n\nHaving taken note of the opinions of the Agent of the Government, the Delegate of the Commission and the applicants, the Grand Chamber decided on 25 April 1998 that it was not necessary to hold a further hearing following the relinquishment of jurisdiction by the original Chamber (Rule 40 in conjunction with Rule 51 \u00a7 6).\n\nOn 25 April 1998 the Grand Chamber ordered the joinder of the two cases (Rule 39 \u00a7 3 in fine).\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. the circumstances of the case\n\nA. The first applicant, Miss Sheffield\n\nThe first applicant, Miss Kristina Sheffield, is a British citizen born in 1946 and currently resident in London. At birth the applicant was registered as being of the male sex. Prior to her gender reassignment treatment (see paragraph 13 below) she was married. She has one daughter from that marriage, which is now dissolved.\n\nIn 1986 the first applicant began treatment at a gender identity clinic in London and, on a date unspecified, successfully underwent sex reassignment surgery and treatment. She changed her name by deed poll to her present name. The change of name was recorded on her passport and driving licence.\n\nMiss Sheffield refers to the difficulties which she has encountered as a result of her decision to undergo gender reassignment surgery and her subsequent change of sex.\n\nShe states that she was informed by her consultant psychiatrist and her surgeon that she was required to obtain a divorce as a precondition to surgery being carried out. Following the divorce, the applicant\u2019s former spouse applied to the court to have her contact with her daughter terminated. The applicant states that the judge granted the application on the basis that contact with a transsexual would not be in the child\u2019s interests. The applicant has not seen her daughter since then, a period of some twelve years.\n\nAlthough her new name has been entered on her passport and driving licence, her birth certificate and various records including social- security and police records continue to record her original name and gender. As to her passport, she maintains that if there is a need for further enquiries about the bearer, this will inevitably lead to her former name and gender being disclosed. She cites by way of example her experience when applying for a visa to the United States embassy in London.\n\nOn 7 and 16 April 1992 Miss Sheffield attended court to stand surety in the sum of 2,000 pounds for a friend. On both occasions she was required, to her great embarrassment, to disclose to the court her previous name. She has also been dissuaded from acting as an alibi witness for a friend who was tried on criminal charges in March 1994 for fear of adding an element of sensationalism to the proceedings through the disclosure to the court of her original gender as inscribed on her birth certificate.\n\nIn June 1992 Miss Sheffield was arrested for breach of firearms regulations. The charges were dropped when it was established that the pistol was a replica. Following comments of police officers indicating that they were aware that the applicant had undergone a sex-change operation, the applicant sought to discover whether these personal details were held on police computer files. She discovered that the official request for information made under the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1984 required her to state her sex and other names. She did not pursue the enquiry.\n\nOn 20 December 1992 the applicant entered into an insurance contract in respect of her car. The form which she was required to fill in as the basis of the contract required her to state her sex. Since she continues under United Kingdom law to be regarded as male she was obliged to give her sex as male. She also notes that she is obliged under the Perjury Act 1911 to disclose her former sexual identity in certain contexts under pain of criminal sanction.\n\nThe applicant maintains that her decision to undergo gender reassignment surgery has resulted in her being subjected to discrimination at work or in relation to obtaining work. She is a pilot by profession. She states that she was dismissed by her employers in 1986 as a direct consequence of her gender reassignment and has found it impossible to obtain employment in the respondent State in her chosen profession. She attributes this in large part to the legal position of transsexuals in that State.\n\nB. The second applicant, Miss Horsham\n\nThe second applicant, Miss Rachel Horsham, is a British citizen born in 1946. She has been living in the Netherlands since 1974 and acquired Netherlands citizenship by naturalisation in September 1993. The second applicant was registered at birth as being of the male sex. She states that from an early age she began to experience difficulties in relating to herself as male and when she was twenty-one she fully understood that she was a transsexual. She left the United Kingdom in 1971 as she was concerned about the consequences of being identified as a transsexual. Thereafter she led her life abroad as a female.\n\nFrom 1990, Miss Horsham received psychotherapy and hormonal treatment and finally underwent gender reassignment surgery on 21 May 1992 at the Free University Hospital, Amsterdam.\n\nOn 26 June1992, following earlier refusals, she applied to the British consulate in Amsterdam seeking a change of photograph and the inscription of her new name in her passport. She was informed that this could only be carried out in accordance with an order from the Netherlands courts. On 24 August 1992 Miss Horsham obtained an order from the Amsterdam Regional Court that she be issued a birth certificate by the Registrar of Births in The Hague recording her new name and the fact that she was of the female sex. The birth certificate was issued on 12 November 1992. In the meantime, on 11 September 1992 and on production of the court order, the British consulate issued a new passport to the applicant recording her new name and her sex as female.\n\nOn 15 November 1992 the second applicant requested that her original birth certificate in the United Kingdom be amended to record her sex as female. By letter dated 20 November 1992, the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) replied that there was no provision under United Kingdom law for any new information to be inscribed on her original birth certificate.\n\nMiss Horsham states that she is forced to live in exile because of the legal situation in the United Kingdom. She has a male partner whom she plans to marry. She states that they would like to lead their married life in the United Kingdom but has been informed by the OPCS by letter dated 4 November 1993 that as a matter of English law, if she were to be held to be domiciled in the United Kingdom, she would be precluded from contracting a valid marriage whether that marriage \u201ctook place in the Netherlands or elsewhere\u201d. ii. Relevant domestic law and practice\n\nA. Names\n\nUnder English law, a person is entitled to adopt such first names or surname as he or she wishes. Such names are valid for purposes of identification and may be used in passports, driving licences, medical and insurance cards, etc. The new names are also entered on the electoral roll.\n\nB. Marriage and definition of gender in domestic law\n\nUnder English law, marriage is defined as the voluntary union between a man and a woman. In the case of Corbett v. Corbett ([1971] Probate Reports 83), Mr Justice Ormrod ruled that sex for that purpose is to be determined by the application of chromosomal, gonadal and genital tests where these are congruent and without regard to any surgical intervention. This use of biological criteria to determine sex was approved by the Court of Appeal in R. v. Tan ([1983] Queen\u2019s Bench Reports 1053) and given more general application, the court holding that a person born male had been correctly convicted under a statute penalising men who live on the earnings of prostitution, notwithstanding the fact that the accused had undergone gender reassignment therapy. Under section 11(b) of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 any marriage where the parties are not respectively male and female is void. The test applied as to the sex of the partners to a marriage is that laid down in the above-mentioned case of Corbett v. Corbett. According to that same decision a marriage between a male-to-female transsexual and a man might also be avoided on the basis that the transsexual was incapable of consummating the marriage in the context of ordinary and complete sexual intercourse (obiter per Mr Justice Ormrod).\n\nC. Birth certificates\n\nRegistration of births is governed by the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 (\u201cthe 1953 Act\u201d). Section 1(1) of that Act requires that the birth of every child be registered by the Registrar of Births and Deaths for the area in which the child is born. An entry is regarded as a record of the facts at the time of birth. A birth certificate accordingly constitutes a document revealing not current identity but historical facts.\n\nThe sex of the child must be entered on the birth certificate. The criteria for determining the sex of a child at birth are not defined in the Act. The practice of the Registrar is to use exclusively the biological criteria (chromosomal, gonadal and genital) as laid down by Mr Justice Ormrod in the above-mentioned case of Corbett v. Corbett.\n\nThe 1953 Act provides for the correction by the Registrar of clerical errors or factual errors. The official position is that an amendment may only be made if the error occurred when the birth was registered. The fact that it may become evident later in a person\u2019s life that his or her \u201cpsychological\u201d sex is in conflict with the biological criteria is not considered to imply that the initial entry at birth was a factual error. Only in cases where the apparent and genital sex of a child was wrongly identified or where the biological criteria were not congruent can a change in the initial entry be made. It is necessary for that purpose to adduce medical evidence that the initial entry was incorrect. No error is accepted to exist in the birth entry of a person who undergoes medical and surgical treatment to enable that person to assume the role of the opposite sex.\n\nThe Government point out that the use of a birth certificate for identification purposes is discouraged by the Registrar General, and for a number of years birth certificates have contained a warning that they are not evidence of the identity of the person presenting it. However, it is a matter for individuals whether to follow this recommendation.\n\nD. Social security, employment and pensions\n\nA transsexual continues to be recorded for social security, national insurance and employment purposes as being of the sex recorded at birth. A male-to-female transsexual will accordingly only be entitled to a State pension at the State retirement age of 65 and not the age of 60 which is applicable to women.\n\nE. Other relevant materials\n\nIn its judgment of 30 April 1996, in the case of P. v. S. and Cornwall County Council, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) held that discrimination arising from gender reassignment constituted discrimination on grounds of sex and accordingly Article 5 \u00a7 1 of Council Directive 76/207/EEC of 9 February 1976 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion and working conditions precluded dismissal of a transsexual for a reason related to a gender reassignment. The ECJ held, rejecting the argument of the United Kingdom Government that the employer would also have dismissed P. if P. had previously been a woman and had undergone an operation to become a man, that \u201c... Where a person is dismissed on the ground that he or she intends to undergo or has undergone gender reassignment, he or she is treated unfavourably by comparison with persons of the sex to which he or she was deemed to belong before undergoing gender reassignment. To tolerate such discrimination would be tantamount, as regards such a person, to a failure to respect the dignity and freedom to which he or she is entitled and which the Court has a duty to safeguard.\u201d (paragraphs 21\u201322)\n\nThe ruling of the ECJ was applied by the Employment Appeal Tribunal in a decision handed down on 27 June 1997 (Chessington World of Adventures Ltd v. Reed [1997] 1 Industrial Law Reports).\n\nF. Liberty\u2019s observations\n\nIn their written observations on the legal recognition of transsexuals in comparative law (see paragraph 6 above), Liberty suggested that over the last decade there has been an unmistakably clear trend in the member States of the Council of Europe towards giving full legal recognition to gender reassignment. According to the study carried out by Liberty, the majority of member States now make provision for such recognition. For example, out of thirty-seven countries analysed, only four (including the United Kingdom) do not permit a change to be made to a person\u2019s birth certificate in one form or another to reflect the re-assigned sex of that person. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION\n\nMiss Sheffield applied to the Commission on 4 August 1993. She alleged that the refusal of the respondent State to give legal recognition to her status as a woman following gender reassignment surgery gave rise to violations of Articles 8, 12 and 14 of the Convention and that she had no effective remedy in respect of her complaints, in breach of Article 13. She also complained that she was coerced by underhand methods into divorcing and is prevented from having contact with her daughter. The Commission declared the application (no. 22985/93) admissible on 19 January 1996 with the exception of her complaint regarding her divorce and contact with her daughter which had been declared inadmissible on 4 September 1995 for failure to comply with the six-month time-limit under the Convention. In its report of 21 January 1997 (Article 31), it expressed the opinion that there had been a violation of Article 8 of the Convention (fifteen votes to one); that the applicant\u2019s complaint under Article 12 of the Convention did not give rise to any separate issue (nine votes to seven); that the applicant\u2019s complaint under Article 14 of the Convention did not give rise to any separate issue (unanimously); and that there had been no violation of Article 13 of the Convention (unanimously).\n\nIn her application to the Commission lodged on 4 August 1993, Miss Horsham alleged that the refusal of the respondent State to give legal recognition to her status as a woman following gender reassignment surgery gave rise to violations of Articles 3, 8, 12, 13 and 14 of the Convention as well as of Article 3 of Protocol No. 4 in relation to alleged constructive expulsion from the respondent State. The Commission declared the application (no. 23390/94) admissible on 19 January 1996 with the exception of her complaints under Article 3 of the Convention and Article 3 of Protocol No. 4 which had been declared inadmissible on 4 September 1995. In its report of 21 January 1997 (Article 31), it expressed the opinion that there had been a violation of Article 8 of the Convention (fifteen votes to one); that her complaint under Article 12 of the Convention did not give rise to any separate issue (ten votes to six); that the applicant\u2019s complaint under Article 14 of the Convention did not give rise to any separate issue (unanimously); and that there had been no violation of Article 13 of the Convention (unanimously).\n\nThe full text of the Commission\u2019s opinions in the two cases and of the dissenting opinions contained in the reports is reproduced as an annex to this judgment. FINAL SUBMISSIONS TO THE COURT\n\nThe applicants in their joint memorial requested the Court to decide and declare that the facts of the case disclose a breach of their rights under Article 8 of the Convention and/or Article 14 in conjunction with Article 8, and to award them just satisfaction under Article 50. The Government requested the Court in their memorial to decide and declare that the facts disclose no breach of the applicants\u2019 rights.", "applicant": "Kristina Sheffield", "offset": 5342, "idx_mapping": [5342, 5343, 5344, 5345, 5346, 5347, 5348, 5349, 5350, 5351, 5352, 5353, 5354, 5355, 5356, 5357, 5358, 5359, 5360, 5361, 5362, 5363, 5364, 5365, 5366, 5367, 5368, 5369, 5370, 5371, 5372, 5373, 5374, 5375, 5376, 5377, 5378, 5379, 5380, 5381, 5382, 5383, 5384, 5385, 5386, 5387, 5388, 5389, 5390, 5391, 5392, 5393, 5394, 5395, 5396, 5397, 5398, 5399, 5400, 5401, 5402, 5403, 5404, 5405, 5406, 5407, 5408, 5409, 5410, 5411, 5412, 5413, 5414, 5415, 5416, 5417, 5418, 5419, 5420, 5421, 5422, 5423, 5424, 5425, 5426, 5427, 5428, 5429, 5430, 5431, 5432, 5433, 5434, 5435, 5436, 5437, 5438, 5439, 5440, 5441, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5460, 5461, 5462, 5463, 5464, 5465, 5466, 5467, 5468, 5469, 5470, 5471, 5472, 5473, 5474, 5475, 5476, 5477, 5478, 5479, 5480, 5481, 5482, 5483, 5484, 5485, 5486, 5487, 5488, 5489, 5490, 5491, 5492, 5493, 5494, 5495, 5496, 5497, 5498, 5499, 5500, 5501, 5502, 5503, 5504, 5505, 5506, 5507, 5508, 5509, 5510, 5511, 5512, 5513, 5514, 5515, 5516, 5517, 5518, 5519, 5520, 5521, 5522, 5523, 5524, 5525, 5526, 5527, 5528, 5529, 5530, 5531, 5532, 5533, 5534, 5535, 5536, 5537, 5538, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5342, 5557, 5558, 5559, 5560, 5561, 5562, 5563, 5564, 5565, 5566, 5567, 5568, 5569, 5570, 5571, 5572, 5573, 5574, 5575, 5576, 5577, 5578, 5579, 5580, 5581, 5582, 5583, 5584, 5585, 5586, 5587, 5588, 5589, 5590, 5591, 5592, 5593, 5594, 5595, 5596, 5597, 5598, 5599, 5600, 5601, 5602, 5603, 5604, 5605, 5606, 5607, 5608, 5609, 5610, 5611, 5612, 5613, 5614, 5615, 5616, 5617, 5618, 5619, 5620, 5621, 5622, 5623, 5624, 5625, 5626, 5627, 5628, 5629, 5630, 5631, 5632, 5633, 5634, 5635, 5636, 5637, 5638, 5639, 5640, 5641, 5642, 5643, 5644, 5645, 5646, 5647, 5648, 5649, 5650, 5651, 5652, 5653, 5654, 5655, 5656, 5657, 5658, 5659, 5660, 5661, 5662, 5663, 5664, 5665, 5666, 5667, 5668, 5669, 5670, 5671, 5672, 5673, 5674, 5675, 5676, 5677, 5678, 5679, 5680, 5681, 5682, 5683, 5684, 5685, 5686, 5687, 5688, 5689, 5690, 5691, 5692, 5693, 5694, 5695, 5696, 5697, 5698, 5699, 5700, 5701, 5702, 5703, 5704, 5705, 5706, 5707, 5708, 5709, 5710, 5711, 5712, 5713, 5714, 5715, 5716, 5717, 5718, 5719, 5720, 5721, 5722, 5723, 5724, 5725, 5726, 5727, 5728, 5729, 5730, 5731, 5732, 5733, 5734, 5735, 5736, 5737, 5738, 5739, 5740, 5741, 5742, 5743, 5744, 5745, 5746, 5747], "duplicates": 1}
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A. James and Sarah Boyle
Sarah Boyles, James and Sarah Boyle, are British citizens born in 1944 and 1950 respectively. In 1967, the first applicant was sentenced in Scotland to life imprisonment for murder. He received a number of subsequent prison sentences in 1968 and 1973 for prison breaking, attempted murder of a prison officer and assault on prison staff. The second applicant is the first applicant’s wife and a doctor by profession. In March 1973, Mr. Boyle was removed from Peterhead Prison to a Special Unit in Barlinnie Prison.
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{"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 16197, "entity_id": "001-57446_a8_e106", "entity_mention_id": "001-57446_a8_em175", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "28 July 1981", "start_offset": 16185}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 16235, "entity_id": "001-57446_a8_e89", "entity_mention_id": "001-57446_a8_em176", "entity_type": "PERSON", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Brian Rice", "start_offset": 16225}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 16406, "entity_id": "001-57446_a8_e84", "entity_mention_id": "001-57446_a8_em177", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "NO_MASK", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Parliament", "start_offset": 16396}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 16739, "entity_id": "001-57446_a8_e107", "entity_mention_id": "001-57446_a8_em178", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "2 September 1981", "start_offset": 16723}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Sarah Boyle", "meta": {"applicant": "Sarah Boyle", "articles": [91, 34, 51, 53, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 51, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 44, 32, 34, 52, 49, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1988}, "doc_id": "001-57446", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was brought before the Court on 18 July 1986 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c), within the period of three months laid down by Article 32 \u00a7 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201c). The case originated in two applications (nos. 9659/82 and 9658/82) lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the first in 1981 by James and Sarah Boyle and the second in 1982 by Brian and John Rice. All four applicants are British citizens. Brian and John Rice, who at the outset were designated by the initials X and Y, subsequently consented to the disclosure of their identities.\n\nThe Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the United Kingdom recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The purpose of the request and the application was to obtain a decision as to whether or not the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Articles 8 and 13 (art. 8, art. 13) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the inquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 \u00a7 3 (d) of the Rules of Court, both sets of applicants stated that they wished to participate in the proceedings pending before the Court and designated the lawyers who would represent them (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber of seven judges to be constituted included, as ex officio members, Sir Vincent Evans, the elected judge of British nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr. R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 \u00a7 3 (b)). On 26 September 1986, the President of the Court drew by lot, in the presence of the Registrar, the names of the five other members, namely Mr. F. G\u00f6lc\u00fckl\u00fc, Mr. J. Pinheiro Farinha, Mr. A.M. Donner, Mr. J. De Meyer and Mr. N. Valticos (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 \u00a7 4) (art. 43). Subsequently, Mr. J. Gersing, substitute judge, replaced Mr. Donner, who was prevented from taking part in the consideration of the case (Rules 22 \u00a7 1 and 24 \u00a7 1).\n\nMr. Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 \u00a7 5). He ascertained, through the Registrar, the views of the Agent of the Government of the United Kingdom (\u201cthe Government\u201c), the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyers for the applicants regarding the need for a written procedure (Rule 37 \u00a7 1). Thereafter, in accordance with the Orders and directions of the President of the Chamber, the following documents were lodged at the registry:\n\non 15 December 1986, the memorial of the applicants;\n\non 30 January 1987, the memorial of the Government;\n\non 4 May 1987, an account of costs and expenses rendered by the applicants\u2019 solicitors;\n\non 25 June 1987, the further comments of the Government on the application of Article 50 (art. 50) of the Convention. On 3 March 1987, the Delegate of the Commission had notified the Registrar that he did not wish to present any comments in writing.\n\nOn 6 March 1987, after consulting, through the Registrar, the Agent of the Government, the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyers for the applicants, the President directed that the oral proceedings should open on 18 May 1987 (Rule 38). Shortly thereafter, Mr. Ryssdal, being prevented from taking further part in the consideration of the case, was replaced as President of the Chamber by Mr. Cremona, the Vice-President of the Court (Rule 21 \u00a7 5).\n\nThe hearing was held in public at the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on the appointed day. Immediately prior to its opening, the Court had held a preparatory meeting. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mr. M. Wood, Legal Counsellor, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Agent, Mr. M. Baker, Barrister-at-Law, Mr. A. Grotrian, Advocate, Counsel, Mrs. M. Macdonald, Scottish Office, Mr. D. Dalgetty, Scottish Office, Advisers;\n\nfor the Commission Sir Basil Hall, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicants Mr. A. Lester, Q.C., Mr. D. Pannick, Barrister-at-Law, Counsel. The Court heard addresses by Mr. Baker for the Government, by Sir Basil Hall for the Commission and by Mr. Lester for the applicants, as well as their replies to its questions. The same day, the Government lodged at the registry various documents the production of which the Registrar had previously, on 7 May 1987, requested on the instructions of the President of the Chamber.\n\nFollowing deliberations held on 20 May 1987, the Chamber, by unanimous decision, relinquished jurisdiction in favour of the plenary Court (Rule 50). Having taken note of the agreement of the Agent of the Government and the concurring opinion of the Delegate of the Commission and of the applicants, the Court decided on 23 September 1987, that the consideration of the case should continue without resumption of the oral proceedings (Rule 26).\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nI. PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE\n\nA. James and Sarah Boyle\n\nThe applicants, James and Sarah Boyle, are British citizens born in 1944 and 1950 respectively. In 1967, the first applicant was sentenced in Scotland to life imprisonment for murder. He received a number of subsequent prison sentences in 1968 and 1973 for prison breaking, attempted murder of a prison officer and assault on prison staff. The second applicant is the first applicant\u2019s wife and a doctor by profession.\n\nIn March 1973, Mr. Boyle was removed from Peterhead Prison to a Special Unit in Barlinnie Prison. This Unit had been set up on an experimental basis to treat selected long-term prisoners and prisoners with violent propensities (see paragraph 32 below). The Unit had a maximum of eight prisoners and was characterised by a more liberal regime. Mr. Boyle played a prominent role in facilitating the success of the Special Unit. In particular, he discovered that he had special abilities in working with people and in sculpture, writing and other areas of artistic activity. While in the Special Unit, Mr. Boyle was allowed, amongst other things, to write and receive uncensored mail, to have daily access to visitors and to use a telephone. He was thereby able to meet his wife, talk to her on the telephone and correspond with her without being subject to the normal restrictions. He also had the opportunity to go out of the prison without escort.\n\nIn September 1980, Mr. Boyle was advised by the Parole Board that he was to be released on licence in November 1982 and that he was to be transferred to Saughton Prison, Edinburgh, to undergo a pre-release programme. He was informed that he would serve his time there on the same terms and conditions as other prisoners. It was considered that, although the regime there was on traditional lines, Saughton Prison would be more beneficial to Mr. Boyle during the period leading to his eventual release than other alternatives, for example Penninghame Open Prison (see paragraph 31 below). The factors governing the choice included the desirability of his occupying a single cell rather than being in a dormitory; the availability of suitable day-time work for him and of facilities for continuing his studies and his artistic work; and access to suitable educational and vocational opportunities for his pre-release training. Mr. Boyle himself had in fact stated in written submissions in December 1979 that, if he could not remain at Barlinnie for his pre-release programme, he would prefer training from Edinburgh rather than Penninghame. In November 1981, he was transferred to a Training for Freedom Hostel within the prison (see paragraph 33 below). He was released on 1 November 1982. As from October 1980 until his release, he was in the lowest security category (Category D).\n\nThe applicants\u2019 complaints to the Commission in so far as relevant to the present proceedings all related to the period between September 1980 and November 1981 when Mr. Boyle was subject to the ordinary prison regime at Saughton Prison. The facts surrounding those grievances are briefly set out in the following paragraphs.\n\nDuring the relevant period the normal rules regarding the sending and payment of correspondence were applied to Mr. Boyle (see paragraphs 22 and 23 below). The postage of only one three-page letter per week was paid for out of public funds. He was able to pay for other letters out of his prison earnings of \u00a31.60 per week but not out of his general financial resources. In a letter of 31 July 1981 from his solicitors to the Secretary of State for Scotland, a complaint was made that because he found it necessary to spend 80 pence per week out of his earnings to supplement his (mainly) vegetarian diet by buying oatmeal cakes as the prison service provided only white bread, the number of letters he was able to send was restricted. A full vegetarian diet was available at Saughton Prison and no complaint was made by Mr. Boyle to the Governor or to the Secretary of State as to its adequacy.\n\nMr. Boyle\u2019s incoming and outgoing mail was controlled by the prison authorities in accordance with the normal practice followed at the prison (see paragraph 24 below). The applicants also asserted before the Commission that on occasions the prison censorship officer read out aloud in front of other inmates letters from Mrs. Boyle, laughing or making comments about their contents. However, Mr. Boyle did not make any complaint to the Governor of the Prison or the Secretary of State regarding the manner in which his mail was read, in particular about its being read aloud, although the fact of his mail being screened was the subject of complaint in his solicitors\u2019 letter of 31 July 1981.\n\nIn July 1981, a letter to a friend of his, Mr. Peter McDougall, was stopped by the Prison Governor on the ground that Mr. McDougall was a \u201cmedia personality\u201c. Mr. Boyle petitioned the Secretary of State regarding this matter, but his petition was rejected on the basis that there was a general prohibition of the passing on by a prisoner of material intended for publication or for use on wireless or television (see paragraph 25 below). The Government have subsequently acknowledged that in fact this rule was applied in error, since, although the letter in question was addressed to a person connected with the public media, it was a personal one which Mr. Boyle should have been allowed to send.\n\nMr. Boyle was entitled to receive visits in accordance with the normal rules applied in Saughton Prison (see paragraph 26 below). Consequently, as pointed out in his solicitors\u2019 letter of 31 July 1981, he was permitted only one hour\u2019s visiting time a month under close supervision in a crowded visiting hall. He used this time to meet his wife, with the result that he was not able to see the other members of his family. He was able to benefit from the special escorted leave scheme and visited his home on two occasions, albeit under the constant supervision of an officer in accordance with the scheme (see paragraph 28 below). As from November 1980, he was given a special licence to do unescorted community work outside the prison, initially for two days and subsequently for five days a week.\n\nThe solicitors for Mr. and Mrs. Boyle also raised with the Secretary of State a general objection that Mr. Boyle\u2019s treatment at Saughton Prison was markedly less favourable than his treatment at Barlinnie Special Unit and also in comparison with other Category D prisoners elsewhere under the penal system. By reply dated 28 August 1981, the Secretary of State rejected this and the other complaints made in the solicitors\u2019 letter of 31 July 1981. Mr. Boyle also complained through his Member of Parliament to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration (the Ombudsman - see paragraph 39 below) about various aspects of his treatment at Saughton Prison. In a letter of 17 September 1981, the Ombudsman stated that he could not uphold Mr. Boyle\u2019s complaints. He stated, inter alia: \u201cFrom the details that Mr. Boyle has given, his correspondence, special escorted leave, and visits appear to have been dealt with correctly in accordance with current rules, however dissatisfied he may be with those rules. I think it is fair to say that much of Mr. Boyle\u2019s complaint reflects his disagreement with those rules and with their application to him at this stage of his sentence. The rules are of course a matter for Parliament and in the absence of evidence of maladministration I am precluded by the Parliamentary Commissioner Act from questioning the Department\u2019s discretion in applying them.\u201c\n\nB. Brian and John Rice\n\nThe applicants, Brian and John Rice, are British citizens born in 1947 and 1920 respectively. Brian Rice was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder in 1967. He served his sentence in Peterhead and Perth Prisons until August 1979. From August 1979 onwards, he was detained as a Category D prisoner (that is, the lowest security category) at Saughton Prison. He was moved to the Training for Freedom Hostel within the prison (see paragraph 33 below) on 11 September 1981 and was released on licence on 1 June 1982. He had requested to serve the latter part of his sentence in Edinburgh rather than, for example, in Penninghame Open Prison (see paragraph 31 below) because he wanted, prior to his release, to have the benefit of further education courses which were not available from Penninghame. John Rice is the first-named applicant\u2019s father and lives at Dundee, some sixty miles from Edinburgh. At the relevant time he was seriously ill - having been in bad health for some years - and unable to walk or travel.\n\nDuring his period in Saughton Prison, Brian Rice enjoyed the normal entitlement to visits applicable at the prison. He petitioned the Secretary of State for Scotland on 8 May 1981 requesting a home visit to his father. The petition indicated that his father had been \u201cill for a considerable period\u201c, but not that he was dangerously ill, which would have made him eligible for compassionate leave (see paragraph 27 below). His request was therefore refused on 27 May 1981. The decision recommended him to make the effort to get a member of staff to take him out of prison under the special escorted leave scheme (see paragraph 28 below). It appears, however, that he experienced difficulty in finding a prison officer to accompany him on special escorted leave. Although Brian Rice was not able to visit his father during the relevant period, he was permitted to attend, without an escort, a college to follow an educational course two days a week and also a centre where he was doing community work. He had previously been granted a home visit in August 1980 and prior to the commencement of the Training for Freedom programme he spent five days on home leave in September 1981. In a letter dated 23 July 1981 in reply to a letter of 18 June from Mr. Rice\u2019s Member of Parliament, the Under Secretary of State at the Scottish Office explained the reasons for the refusal of compassionate leave: \u201c... Each application is considered on its merits and on the basis of medical and social work reports. Mr. Rice\u2019s application for a special visit was considered in the usual way but it was decided that it did not meet the required conditions. Mr. Rice was advised that if his father\u2019s condition deteriorated he should make a further request. It is necessary, to prevent abuse of the arrangements, to maintain a strict and entirely consistent approach to applications for compassionate visits from all prisoners and the fact that a prisoner is being released for educational or other purposes does not affect consideration of the merits of his application or remove the need for the normal criteria to be met. ... Mr. Rice is expected to transfer to the formal Training for Freedom (TFF) in September. Prior to that he will have a five-day home leave and while on TFF he will have weekends which he may spend at home. I feel that it would be quite wrong, before that stage is reached, to make a special exception in Mr. Rice\u2019s case and circumvent the rules in relation to either a compassionate visit or a special escorted leave.\u201c\n\nOn 28 July 1981, the solicitors acting for Brian Rice wrote to the Secretary of State complaining about\n\nthe alleged stopping by the prison authorities of a number of letters addressed to themselves, his Member of Parliament, his former counsel and his family;\n\nhis limited prison visiting entitlement, which, as regards maintenance of family contacts, was said to discriminate against him in comparison with other prisoners who were in Category D but detained in open conditions; and\n\nthe refusal to grant compassionate leave. The reply of 2 September 1981 sent on behalf of the Secretary of State rejected all the various complaints raised. 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| 1
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Graham Gaskin is a British citizen and was born on 2 December 1959. Following the death of his mother, he was received into care by the Liverpool City Council under section 1 of the Children Act 1948 (“the 1948 Act“) on 1 September 1960. Save for five periods varying between one week and five months when he was discharged to the care of his father, Graham Gaskin remained in voluntary care until 18 June 1974. On that date Graham Gaskin appeared before the Liverpool Juvenile Court and pleaded guilty to a number of offences including burglary and theft. The court made a care order in respect of him under section 7 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969.
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"NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19592, "entity_id": "001-57491_a8_e35", "entity_mention_id": "001-57491_a8_em130", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Liverpool City Council", "start_offset": 19570}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 19918, "entity_id": "001-57491_a8_e97", "entity_mention_id": "001-57491_a8_em131", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "23 January 1986", "start_offset": 19903}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20040, "entity_id": "001-57491_a8_e35", "entity_mention_id": "001-57491_a8_em132", "entity_type": "ORG", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "Liverpool City Council", "start_offset": 20018}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20173, "entity_id": "001-57491_a8_e98", "entity_mention_id": "001-57491_a8_em133", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "13 November 1987", "start_offset": 20157}, {"confidential_status": "NOT_CONFIDENTIAL", "edit_type": "check", "end_offset": 20858, "entity_id": "001-57491_a8_e23", "entity_mention_id": "001-57491_a8_em134", "entity_type": "DATETIME", "identifier_type": "QUASI", "related_mentions": null, "span_text": "28 March 1989", "start_offset": 20845}]}, "annotator9": null}, "quality_checked": [], "task": "Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Graham Gaskin", "meta": {"applicant": "Graham Gaskin", "articles": [91, 34, 52, 49, 34, 44, 32, 34, 49, 48, 34, 44, 32, 34, 56, 34, 93], "countries": "GBR", "legal_branch": "CHAMBER", "year": 1989}, "doc_id": "001-57491", "dataset_type": "train", "orig_text": "PROCEDURE\n\nThe case was referred to the Court on 8 March 1988 by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (\u201cthe Government\u201c) and on 14 March 1988 by the European Commission of Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201c), within the three-month period laid down in Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201c). It originated in an application (no. 10454/83) against the United Kingdom lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) by Mr Graham Gaskin, a British citizen, on 17 February 1983.\n\nThe Commission\u2019s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the United Kingdom recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The object of the request and of the Government\u2019s application was to obtain a decision as to whether or not the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 8 (art. 8) and, as far as the request was concerned, Article 10 (art. 10) of the Convention.\n\nIn response to the inquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3(d) of the Rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to participate in the proceedings pending before the Court and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).\n\nThe Chamber to be constituted included, as ex officio members, Sir Vincent Evans, the elected judge of British nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3(b)). On 25 March 1988, the President of the Court drew by lot, in the presence of the Registrar, the names of the five other members, namely Mr J. Pinheiro Farinha, Mr. B. Walsh, Mr C. Russo, Mr R. Bernhardt and Mr N. Valticos (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43).\n\nMr Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5). He ascertained, through the Registrar, the views of the Agent of the Government, the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyer for the applicant regarding the need for a written procedure (Rule 37 para. 1). Thereafter, in accordance with the Orders and directions of the President of the Chamber, the memorial of the Government was lodged at the registry on 30 August 1988 and the memorial of the applicant on 1 September 1988. Further memorials relating to the application of Article 50 (art. 50) were lodged at the registry, on 27 April and 24 May 1989 by the applicant and on 16 June by the Government.\n\nAfter consulting, through the Registrar, those who would be appearing before the Court, the President directed on 6 December 1988 that the oral proceedings should open on 28 March 1989 (Rule 38).\n\nOn 23 February 1989, the Chamber decided to relinquish jurisdiction in favour of the plenary Court (Rule 50).\n\nThe hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on the appointed day. Immediately prior to its opening, the Court had held a preparatory meeting. There appeared before the Court:\n\nfor the Government Mr I.D. Hendry, Legal Adviser, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Agent, Mr N. Bratza, Q.C., Counsel, Mr E.R. Moutrie, Solicitor, Department of Health and Social Security, Mrs A. Whittle, Department of Health and Social Security, Mr R. Langham, Department of Health and Social Security, Miss T. Fuller, City Solicitor\u2019s Department, Liverpool City Council, Mr A. James, Liverpool City Council, Advisers;\n\nfor the Commission Mrs G.H. Thune, Delegate;\n\nfor the applicant Mr R. Makin, Solicitor of the Supreme Court, Counsel.\n\nThe Court heard addresses by Mr Bratza for the Government, by Mrs Thune for the Commission and by Mr Makin for the applicant, as well as their replies to its questions.\n\nAS TO THE FACTS\n\nThe applicant is a British citizen and was born on 2 December 1959. Following the death of his mother, he was received into care by the Liverpool City Council under section 1 of the Children Act 1948 (\u201cthe 1948 Act\u201c) on 1 September 1960. Save for five periods varying between one week and five months when he was discharged to the care of his father, the applicant remained in voluntary care until 18 June 1974. On that date the applicant appeared before the Liverpool Juvenile Court and pleaded guilty to a number of offences including burglary and theft. The court made a care order in respect of him under section 7 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969. The applicant ceased to be in the care of the Liverpool City Council on attaining the age of majority (18) on 2 December 1977. During the major part of the period while he was in care the applicant was boarded out with various foster parents, subject to the provisions of the Boarding-Out of Children Regulations 1955 (\u201cthe 1955 Regulations\u201c). Under the terms of those regulations the local authority was under a duty to keep certain confidential records concerning the applicant and his care (see paragraph 13 below).\n\nThe applicant contends that he was ill-treated in care, and since his majority has wished to obtain details of where he was kept and by whom and in what conditions in order to be able to help him to overcome his problems and learn about his past.\n\nOn 9 October 1978, the applicant was permitted by a social worker in the employment of the Liverpool City Council to see the case records relating to him kept by the Social Services Department of the Council in accordance with its statutory duty. He removed those records without the Council\u2019s consent, retaining them in his possession until he returned them to the Social Services Department on 12 October 1978.\n\nI. THE APPLICANT\u2019S CASE RECORDS AND THE APPLICATION FOR DISCOVERY THEREOF\n\nIt is the practice of the local authorities to keep a case record in respect of every child in care. In respect of children boarded out they were and are under a statutory duty to keep case records by virtue of the 1955 Regulations, which were made under section 14 of the 1948 Act. Regulation 10 of the 1955 Regulations, so far as relevant, provides that: \u201c10.-(1) A local authority shall compile a case record in respect of - (a) every child boarded out by them; (b) ... (c) ... and the said records shall be kept up-to-date. (2) ... (3) Every case record compiled under this Regulation or a microfilm recording thereof shall be preserved for at least three years after the child to whom it relates has attained the age of eighteen years or has died before attaining that age, and such microfilm recording or, where there is none, such case record shall be open to inspection at all reasonable times by any person duly authorised in that behalf by the Secretary of State.\u201c\n\nIn 1979 the applicant, wishing to bring proceedings against the local authority for damages for negligence, made an application under section 31 of the Administration of Justice Act 1970 (\u201cthe 1970 Act\u201c) for discovery of the local authority\u2019s case records made during his period in care. Section 31 of the 1970 Act provides, inter alia, that the High Court shall have power to order such disclosure to a person who is likely to be a party to legal proceedings for personal injuries.\n\nThe application was heard by the High Court on 22 February 1980. The local authority objected to the grant of discovery of the records on the ground that disclosure and production would be contrary to the public interest. The principal contributors to those case records were medical practitioners, school teachers, police and probation officers, social workers, health visitors, foster parents and residential school staff. Their contributions to the case records were treated in the strictest confidence and it was in the interest of the effective conduct of the care system that such records should be as full and frank as possible. If discovery were ordered, the public interest in the proper operation of the child-care service would be jeopardised since the contributors to the records would be reluctant to be frank in their reports in the future.\n\nThe applicant contended that the case records held by the local authority should be made available to him on the general principles of discovery, for the purpose of his proposed proceedings for personal injuries against the local authority. He further argued that it was also in the public interest that some measure of review of the standard of care provided by a local authority to a child in care be available.\n\nThe judge did not read the records in question, but balanced the public interest in maintaining an efficient child-care system with the applicant\u2019s private interest in receiving access to his case records for the purpose of the proposed litigation. After referring to the case of Re D (infants) [1970] 1 Weekly Law Reports (\u201cWLR\u201c) 599, in which Lord Denning, Master of the Rolls, held that case records compiled pursuant to Regulation 10 of the 1955 Regulations were regarded as private and confidential, he concluded: \u201cI am left in no doubt that it is necessary for the proper functioning of the child care service that the confidentiality of the relevant documents should be preserved. This is a very important service to which the interests - also very important - of the individual must, in my judgment, bow. I have no doubt that the public interest will be better served by refusing discovery and this I do.\u201c\n\nThe applicant appealed from this decision to the Court of Appeal. On 27 June 1980 the Court of Appeal unanimously dismissed the appeal. In the Court of Appeal\u2019s view, the High Court, in its judgment, had correctly balanced the competing interests. It added that the inspection of a document is a course which it is proper for a court to take in certain cases, for example where grave doubt arises and the court cannot properly decide upon which side the balance of public and private interests falls without itself inspecting the documents. However, this was not a case in which such doubt arose as would make it proper for the court itself to inspect the documents. The High Court\u2019s decision was accordingly affirmed and leave to appeal to the House of Lords was refused (Gaskin v. Liverpool City Council [1980] 1 WLR 1549).\n\nII. RESOLUTIONS OF LIVERPOOL CITY COUNCIL RELATING TO ACCESS TO PERSONAL FILES\n\nOn 21 October 1980, Liverpool City Council set up the Child Care Records Sub-Committee (\u201cthe Sub-Committee\u201c) to make recommendations on access to personal social services files and to investigate the allegations relating to the applicant.\n\nOn 17 June 1982, the Sub-Committee recommended making available case records to ex-clients of the social services, subject to certain safeguards and restrictions relating in particular to medical and police information. As to the applicant, the Sub-Committee viewed with concern the number of placements which he had while in care, and which they recognised could be detrimental to a young person\u2019s development, but found no evidence to suggest that \u201cthe officers carried out their duties in other than a caring manner\u201c. The applicant was to be allowed access to, and to make photocopies of, his case records, subject however to the exclusion of medical and police information.\n\nOn 30 June 1982, the Sub-Committee\u2019s recommendations, subject to an amendment which would require the consent of members of the medical profession and police services to be sought to the disclosure of information which they had contributed, were embodied in a resolution of the Social Services Committee. However, Mr Lea, a dissenting member of the Sub-Committee, brought an action challenging the resolution and obtained an interlocutory court order preventing the City Council from implementing it until the trial of the action or until further order.\n\nOn 26 January 1983, Liverpool City Council passed a further resolution. As regards future records this reiterated the general terms of the resolution of 30 June 1982 and added certain further restrictions to protect information given in confidence and to provide for the non-disclosure of the whole or part of the personal record in particular cases, but as regards information obtained and compiled before 1 March 1983 it was resolved that this should be disclosed only with the consent of the suppliers thereof. Pursuant to this policy the resolution went on to instruct the Council\u2019s officers to contact the various suppliers of information to the Gaskin file immediately with a view to disclosure. The local authority\u2019s officers were, however, ordered not to implement this resolution pending the outcome of the legal action brought by Mr Lea. This action was discontinued on 13 May 1983 and on 29 June the local authority confirmed a further resolution to the effect that the resolution of 26 January would be implemented as from 1 September 1983.\n\nOn 24 August 1983 the Department of Health and Social Security issued Circular LAC (Local Authority Circular) (83) 14 to local authorities and health authorities pursuant to section 7 of the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970 setting out the principles governing the disclosure of information in social services case records to persons who were the subject of the records. The general policy laid down in paragraph 3 of the circular was that persons receiving personal social services should, subject to adequate safeguards, be able to discover what is said about them in social services records and with certain exceptions should be allowed to have access thereto. Paragraph 5 set out under five headings the reasons for withholding information. These included the protection of third parties who contributed information in confidence, protecting sources of information, and protecting social service department staff\u2019s confidential judgments. Paragraphs 6 to 9 set out in more specific terms the policy governing client access to case records. Paragraph 7 in particular defined the considerations to be weighed on the other side of the balance whenever an application was made for access, the most relevant for the purposes of the present case being that \u201cinformation shall not be disclosed to the client if derived in confidence from a third party without the consent of the third party\u201c. However, it was then provided in paragraph 9 that since existing records had been compiled on the basis that their contents would never be disclosed, material entered in the records prior to the introduction of the new policy should in no event be disclosed without the permission of the contributor of the information.\n\nOn 31 August 1983, the High Court granted the Attorney General leave to apply for judicial review of the resolution of 26 January 1983 as amended by that of 29 June 1983 on the ground that it went beyond what were considered to be the proper limits and, in particular, omitted certain important safeguards which were contained in Circular LAC (83) 14. Pending the trial of the action an injunction was granted restraining the local authority from implementing the resolution of 26 January 1983.\n\nOn 9 November 1983, Liverpool City Council confirmed a further resolution of its Social Services Committee of 18 October 1983 setting out certain additional grounds on which information should be withheld. The resolution provided that the information in the applicant\u2019s file should be made available to him if the contributors to the file (or as regards some information the Director of Social Services) consented and that the various contributors of the information contained in the file should be contacted for their permission before the release of that information. Following the passing of this resolution, which was in line with Government Circular LAC (83) 14 (see paragraph 23 above), the Attorney General withdrew his application for judicial review.\n\nThe applicant\u2019s case record consisted of some 352 documents contributed by 46 persons. On 23 May 1986 copies of 65 documents supplied by 19 persons were sent to the applicant\u2019s solicitors. These were documents whose authors had consented to disclosure to the applicant. The size of each contribution disclosed varied from one letter to numerous letters and reports.\n\nThose contributors who refused to waive confidentiality, although not asked to give reasons, stated, inter alia, that third-party interests could be harmed; that the contribution would be of no value if taken out of context; that professional confidence was involved; that it was not the practice to disclose reports to clients; and that too great a period of time had elapsed for a letter or report still to be in the contributor\u2019s recollection. Furthermore, in June 1986, one contributor refused his consent to disclosure on the ground that it would be detrimental to the applicant\u2019s interests.\n\nIn a letter of 15 July 1986, the Director of Social Services of Liverpool City Council wrote to the applicant\u2019s solicitors in the following terms: \u201cI refer to your letter dated 11 June 1986. I would wish to be as helpful as possible to you, but at the end of the day suspect that we may have genuine differences of opinion. At least I take that to be the implication of the questions you asked. I do not think therefore, that we can take this correspondence further in a profitable way because, as I have said, it is, in the last analysis, for the provider of information, retrospectively collected, to release or refuse to release, in their absolute discretion, the information supplied from the \u2018confidential\u2019 embargo originally accorded to it. The reasons for releasing or not releasing are irrelevant whether they are good, bad or indifferent. I regret I do not feel able to help you further.\u201c\n\nIII. SUBSEQUENT LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS\n\nOn 1 April 1989 the Access to Personal Files (Social Services) Regulations 1989 came into force. These regulations, made under the Access to Personal Files Act 1987 and further explained in Local Authority Circular LAC (89) 2, impose upon social services departments a duty to give to any individual access to personal information held concerning him, except for personal health information which originated from a health professional and subject to the exceptions in Regulation 9. This latter provision exempts from the obligation of disclosure, inter alia, any information from which the identity of another individual (other than a social service employee), who has not consented to the disclosure of the information, would be likely to be disclosed or deduced by the individual who is the subject of the information or any other person who is likely to obtain access to it. According to the Government, the effect of Regulation 9 (3) is that, in future, case records will be compiled on the basis that the information contained therein is liable to be disclosed, except in so far as disclosure would be likely to reveal the identity of the informant or another third party. However, by virtue of section 2 (4) of the Access to Personal Files Act 1987, the 1989 Regulations apply only to information recorded after the Regulations came into force, that is, after 1 April 1989. As in the case of Circular LAC (83) 14, which governed the adoption of the resolution mentioned in paragraph 25 above and the subsequent partial release of documents to Mr Gaskin, the Access to Personal Files (Social Services) Regulations 1989 do not have retrospective effect. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION\n\nThe applicant applied to the Commission (application no. 10454/83) on 17 February 1983. He claimed that the refusal of access to all his case records held by the Liverpool City Council was in breach of his right to respect for his private and family life under Article 8 (art. 8) of the Convention and his right to receive information under Article 10 (art. 10) of the Convention. He also invoked Articles 3 and 13 (art. 3, art. 13) of the Convention and Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 (P1-2).\n\nOn 23 January 1986, the Commission declared admissible the applicant\u2019s complaint concerning the continuing refusal of Liverpool City Council to give him access to his case records but declared the remainder of the application inadmissible. In its report of 13 November 1987 (Article 31) (art. 31), the Commission concluded, by six votes to six, with a casting vote by the acting President, that there had been a violation of Article 8 (art. 8) of the Convention by the procedures and decisions which resulted in the refusal to allow the applicant access to the file. It further concluded, by eleven votes to none with one abstention, that there had been no violation of Article 10 (art. 10) of the Convention. The full text of the Commission\u2019s opinion and of the partly dissenting opinions contained in the report is reproduced as an annex to the present judgment. FINAL SUBMISSIONS MADE TO THE COURT BY THE GOVERNMENT\n\nAt the public hearing on 28 March 1989, the Government maintained the concluding submissions set out in their memorial, whereby they requested the Court to decide and declare: \u201c(i) that the facts disclose no breach of the applicant\u2019s rights guaranteed by Article 8 (art. 8) of the Convention; (ii) that the facts disclose no breach of the applicant\u2019s rights guaranteed by Article 10 (art. 10) of the Convention.\u201c", "applicant": "Graham Gaskin", "offset": 3832, "idx_mapping": [3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3845, 3846, 3847, 3848, 3849, 3850, 3851, 3852, 3853, 3854, 3855, 3856, 3857, 3858, 3859, 3860, 3861, 3862, 3863, 3864, 3865, 3866, 3867, 3868, 3869, 3870, 3871, 3872, 3873, 3874, 3875, 3876, 3877, 3878, 3879, 3880, 3881, 3882, 3883, 3884, 3885, 3886, 3887, 3888, 3889, 3890, 3891, 3892, 3893, 3894, 3895, 3896, 3897, 3898, 3899, 3900, 3901, 3902, 3903, 3904, 3905, 3906, 3907, 3908, 3909, 3910, 3911, 3912, 3913, 3914, 3915, 3916, 3917, 3918, 3919, 3920, 3921, 3922, 3923, 3924, 3925, 3926, 3927, 3928, 3929, 3930, 3931, 3932, 3933, 3934, 3935, 3936, 3937, 3938, 3939, 3940, 3941, 3942, 3943, 3944, 3945, 3946, 3947, 3948, 3949, 3950, 3951, 3952, 3953, 3954, 3955, 3956, 3957, 3958, 3959, 3960, 3961, 3962, 3963, 3964, 3965, 3966, 3967, 3968, 3969, 3970, 3971, 3972, 3973, 3974, 3975, 3976, 3977, 3978, 3979, 3980, 3981, 3982, 3983, 3984, 3985, 3986, 3987, 3988, 3989, 3990, 3991, 3992, 3993, 3994, 3995, 3996, 3997, 3998, 3999, 4000, 4001, 4002, 4003, 4004, 4005, 4006, 4007, 4008, 4009, 4010, 4011, 4012, 4013, 4014, 4015, 4016, 4017, 4018, 4019, 4020, 4021, 4022, 4023, 4024, 4025, 4026, 4027, 4028, 4029, 4030, 4031, 4032, 4033, 4034, 4035, 4036, 4037, 4038, 4039, 4040, 4041, 4042, 4043, 4044, 4045, 4046, 4047, 4048, 4049, 4050, 4051, 4052, 4053, 4054, 4055, 4056, 4057, 4058, 4059, 4060, 4061, 4062, 4063, 4064, 4065, 4066, 4067, 4068, 4069, 4070, 4071, 4072, 4073, 4074, 4075, 4076, 4077, 4078, 4079, 4080, 4081, 4082, 4083, 4084, 4085, 4086, 4087, 4088, 4089, 4090, 4091, 4092, 4093, 4094, 4095, 4096, 4097, 4098, 4099, 4100, 4101, 4102, 4103, 4104, 4105, 4106, 4107, 4108, 4109, 4110, 4111, 4112, 4113, 4114, 4115, 4116, 4117, 4118, 4119, 4120, 4121, 4122, 4123, 4124, 4125, 4126, 4127, 4128, 4129, 4130, 4131, 4132, 4133, 4134, 4135, 4136, 4137, 4138, 4139, 4140, 4141, 4142, 4143, 4144, 4145, 4146, 4147, 4148, 4149, 4150, 4151, 4152, 4153, 4154, 4155, 4156, 4157, 4158, 4159, 4160, 4161, 4162, 4163, 4164, 4165, 4166, 4167, 4168, 4169, 4170, 4171, 4172, 4173, 4174, 4175, 4176, 4177, 4178, 4179, 4180, 4181, 4182, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 4196, 4197, 4198, 4199, 4200, 4201, 4202, 4203, 4204, 4205, 4206, 4207, 4208, 4209, 4210, 4211, 4212, 4213, 4214, 4215, 4216, 4217, 4218, 4219, 4220, 4221, 4222, 4223, 4224, 4225, 4226, 4227, 4228, 4229, 4230, 4231, 4232, 4233, 4234, 4235, 4236, 4237, 4238, 4239, 4240, 4241, 4242, 4243, 4244, 4245, 4246, 4247, 4248, 4249, 4250, 4251, 4252, 4253, 4254, 4255, 4256, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 3832, 4270, 4271, 4272, 4273, 4274, 4275, 4276, 4277, 4278, 4279, 4280, 4281, 4282, 4283, 4284, 4285, 4286, 4287, 4288, 4289, 4290, 4291, 4292, 4293, 4294, 4295, 4296, 4297, 4298, 4299, 4300, 4301, 4302, 4303, 4304, 4305, 4306, 4307, 4308, 4309, 4310, 4311, 4312, 4313, 4314, 4315, 4316, 4317, 4318, 4319, 4320, 4321, 4322, 4323, 4324, 4325, 4326, 4327, 4328, 4329, 4330, 4331, 4332, 4333, 4334, 4335, 4336, 4337, 4338, 4339, 4340, 4341, 4342, 4343, 4344, 4345, 4346, 4347, 4348, 4349, 4350, 4351, 4352, 4353, 4354, 4355, 4356, 4357, 4358, 4359, 4360, 4361, 4362, 4363, 4364, 4365, 4366, 4367, 4368, 4369, 4370, 4371, 4372, 4373, 4374, 4375, 4376, 4377, 4378, 4379, 4380, 4381, 4382, 4383, 4384, 4385, 4386, 4387, 4388, 4389, 4390, 4391, 4392, 4393, 4394, 4395, 4396, 4397, 4398, 4399, 4400, 4401, 4402, 4403, 4404, 4405, 4406, 4407, 4408, 4409, 4410, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4414, 4415, 4416, 4417, 4418, 4419, 4420, 4421, 4422, 4423, 4424, 4425, 4426, 4427, 4428, 4429, 4430, 4431, 4432, 4433, 4434, 4435, 4436, 4437, 4438, 4439, 4440, 4441, 4442, 4443, 4444, 4445, 4446, 4447, 4448, 4449, 4450, 4451, 4452, 4453, 4454, 4455, 4456, 4457, 4458, 4459, 4460, 4461, 4462, 4463, 4464, 4465, 4466, 4467, 4468, 4469, 4470, 4471, 4472, 4473, 4474, 4475, 4476, 4477, 4478, 4479, 4480, 4481, 4482, 4483, 4484, 4485, 4486, 4487, 4488, 4489, 4490, 4491, 4492, 4493], "duplicates": 1}
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