review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD007697 | [
"16394043"
] | [
"Aggressive surgical effort and improved survival in advanced-stage ovarian cancer."
] | [
"Residual disease after initial surgery for ovarian cancer is the strongest prognostic factor for survival. However, the extent of surgical resection required to achieve optimal cytoreduction is controversial. Our goal was to estimate the effect of aggressive surgical resection on ovarian cancer patient survival.\n... | We found only low quality evidence comparing ultra-radical and standard surgery in women with advanced ovarian cancer and carcinomatosis. The evidence suggested that ultra-radical surgery may result in better survival. It was unclear whether there were any differences in progression-free survival, QoL and morbidity between the two groups. The cost-effectiveness of this intervention has not been investigated. We are, therefore, unable to reach definite conclusions about the relative benefits and adverse effects of the two types of surgery.
In order to determine the role of ultra-radical surgery in the management of advanced stage ovarian cancer, a sufficiently powered randomised controlled trial comparing ultra-radical and standard surgery or well-designed non-randomised studies would be required. |
CD000174 | [
"8627434",
"2677294",
"3373404",
"3321891",
"8201485",
"11430325",
"3373405",
"3174314",
"9078828",
"3312552",
"3906073",
"1305392",
"3998921",
"10730525"
] | [
"Prophylactic indomethacin therapy in the first twenty-four hours of life for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants treated prophylactically with surfactant in the delivery room.",
"Indomethacin reduces the risks of severe intraventricular hemorrhage.",
"Administration of indomethacin fo... | [
"To determine whether a course of low-dose indomethacin therapy, when initiated within 24 hours of birth, would decrease ductal shunting in premature infants who received prophylactic surfactant in the delivery room.\n Ninety infants, with birth weights of 600 to 1250 gm, were entered into a prospect... | Prophylactic indomethacin has short-term benefits for preterm infants including a reduction in the incidence of symptomatic PDA, PDA surgical ligation, and severe intraventricular haemorrhage. However, there is no evidence of effect on mortality or neurodevelopment. |
CD008805 | [
"6024144",
"4915981"
] | [
"White phosphorus burns and massive hemolysis.",
"The treatment of chemical burns: specialized diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic considerations."
] | [
"nan",
"nan"
] | First aid for phosphorus burns involves the common sense measures of acting promptly to remove the patient's clothes, irrigating the wound(s) with water or saline continuously, and removing phosphorus particles. There is no evidence that using copper sulphate to assist visualisation of phosphorus particles for removal is associated with better outcome, and some evidence that systemic absorption of copper sulphate may be harmful. We have so far been unable to identify any other comparisons relevant to informing other aspects of the care of patients with phosphorus burns. Future versions of this review will take account of information in articles published in languages other than English, which may contain additional evidence based on treatment comparisons. |
CD000248 | [
"1159434",
"14168625",
"13969171",
"14250709"
] | [
"Trial of long-term anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of small stroke associated with a normal carotid arteriogram.",
"CEREBRAL VASCULAR DISEASE IN RELATION TO LONG-TERM ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY.",
"Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral infarction. Report on cooperative study.",
"CEREBRAL APOPLEXY. A CLINICAL, ... | [
"The clinical features of 49 patients who had sustained small strokes in the internal carotid artery territory, who were normotensive, free from cardiac or other relevant disease, and who each had a normal appropriate single vessel angiogram are presented. These were randomized into two groups: group A, 25 patients... | Compared with control, there was no evidence of benefit from long-term anticoagulant therapy in people with presumed non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, but there was a significant bleeding risk. |
CD004431 | [
"15240203",
"11212135",
"6487909",
"3693660",
"12690582",
"11784832",
"12883103",
"4074113",
"10780138",
"11777121",
"11527284",
"8116338",
"12583502"
] | [
"Computer-aided retraining of memory and attention in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial.",
"Neuropsychological counseling improves social behavior in cognitively-impaired multiple sclerosis patients.",
"An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in pati... | [
"Cognitive compromise is one of the main contributing factors to activity and participation restrictions in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Computer-aided programs are used for retraining memory and attention, but data on the efficacy of these interventions are scarce.\n To assess the efficacy o... | The diversity of psychological interventions identified indicates the many ways in which they can potentially help people with MS. No definite conclusions can be made from this review. However there is reasonable evidence that cognitive behavioural approaches are beneficial in the treatment of depression, and in helping people adjust to, and cope with, having MS. |
CD008039 | [
"11554954",
"15482357",
"16492236",
"17563841",
"15579612",
"16618262",
"8427430",
"9825271"
] | [
"Efficacy of nonprescription doses of ibuprofen for treating migraine headache. a randomized controlled trial.",
"Placebo-controlled comparison of effervescent acetylsalicylic acid, sumatriptan and ibuprofen in the treatment of migraine attacks.",
"Rofecoxib in the acute treatment of migraine: a randomized cont... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen, 200 mg and 400 mg, compared with placebo and each other for the treatment of pain of migraine headache.\n Migraine headache is a common illness with significant social and economic impact.\n Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind... | We found no new studies since the last version of this review. Ibuprofen is an effective treatment for acute migraine headaches, providing pain relief in about half of sufferers, but complete relief from pain and associated symptoms for only a minority. NNTs for all efficacy outcomes were better with 400 mg than 200 mg in comparisons with placebo, and soluble formulations provided more rapid relief. Adverse events were mostly mild and transient, occurring at the same rate as with placebo. |
CD003287 | [
"10526722",
"11544612",
"12757987",
"10480767",
"10321421",
"12017407",
"10834413",
"11711322",
"12873294",
"11194244",
"9686700",
"10880892",
"10480503",
"10332684",
"9183237",
"9083709",
"9000704",
"11453959",
"9167105",
"12027927",
"9444449",
"15713351",
"10332682",
... | [
"Effect of the fast-acting insulin analog lispro on the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia during intensified insulin therapy. U.K. Lispro Study Group.",
"Severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: a comparative study of insulin lispro and regular human insulin.",
... | [
"To measure the effectiveness of insulin lispro, a fast-acting insulin analog, in reducing hypoglycemic episodes when used in a basal bolus regimen by patients with type 1 diabetes using intensive insulin therapy.\n In 11 diabetes outpatient clinics in the U.K., 165 subjects with type 1 diabetes were... | Our analysis suggests only a minor benefit of short acting insulin analogues in the majority of diabetic patients treated with insulin. Until long term efficacy and safety data are available we suggest a cautious response to the vigorous promotion of insulin analogues. For safety purposes, we need a long-term follow-up of large numbers of patients and well designed studies in pregnant women to determine the safety profile for both the mother and the unborn child. |
CD008194 | [
"16322168",
"15671460"
] | [
"A randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of community-based case management in insuring uninsured Latino children.",
"The State Children's Health Insurance Program: a multicenter trial of outreach through the emergency department."
] | [
"Lack of health insurance adversely affects children's health. Eight million US children are uninsured, with Latinos being the racial/ethnic group at greatest risk for being uninsured. A randomized, controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of various public insurance strategies for insuring uninsured children h... | The two studies included in this review provide evidence that in the US providing health insurance information and application assistance, and handing out application materials in hospital emergency departments can probably both improve insurance coverage of children. Further studies evaluating the effectiveness of different outreach strategies for expanding health insurance coverage of children in different countries are needed, with careful attention given to study design. |
CD000505 | [
"671204",
"683224",
"8477163",
"463541",
"7666265"
] | [
"Umbilical artery catheters: high, low, or no.",
"Low positioning of umbilical-artery catheters increases associated complications in newborn infants.",
"Randomized trial of umbilical arterial catheter position: clinical outcome.",
"Umbilical artery catheterization in newborns. I. Thrombosis in relation to ca... | [
"nan",
"We performed a randomized prospective study of the effect of placement position of umbilical-artery catheters on complication rates in high-risk newborn infants. A higher complication rate (31 of 40 vs. 13 of 33) (P less than 0.005) occurred in the group with the catheter tip at the third to fourth lumbar... | There appears to be no evidence to support the use of low placed umbilical artery catheters. High catheters should be used exclusively. |
CD004493 | [
"11291373",
"2213870",
"15376818",
"8812826",
"2057468",
"17663611",
"8757573",
"3437450",
"9786373",
"12018753",
"8435601",
"16201856",
"12509592",
"10181020",
"11550729",
"12079251",
"12612363",
"11850136",
"14636795",
"7673531"
] | [
"The influence of a family program on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use.",
"The efficacy of social-influence prevention programs versus \"standard care\": are new initiatives needed?",
"Reducing the risks of alcohol use among urban youth: three-year effects of a computer-based intervention with and without par... | [
"This study examined a family-directed program's effectiveness in preventing adolescent tobacco and alcohol use in a general population.\n Adolescents aged 12 to 14 years and their families were identified by random-digit dialing throughout the contiguous United States. After providing baseline data ... | Some well-executed RCTs show family interventions may prevent adolescent smoking, but RCTs which were less well executed had mostly neutral or negative results. There is thus a need for well-designed and executed RCTs in this area. |
CD003734 | [
"5109955"
] | [
"Reduction of young driver crashes in a controlled pilot study: two-year follow-up in one Michigan high school."
] | [
"nan"
] | This systematic review provides no evidence that post-licence driver education is effective in preventing road traffic injuries or crashes. Although the results are compatible with a small reduction in the occurrence of traffic offences, this may be due to selection biases or bias in the included trials. Because of the large number of participants included in the meta-analysis (close to 300,000 for some outcomes) we can exclude, with reasonable precision, the possibility of even modest benefits. |
CD000296 | [
"8889459",
"12135030",
"12548062",
"16733496",
"9301500",
"8078529",
"9663720",
"8078530",
"15095852",
"9753485",
"10961590",
"11922560",
"7605858"
] | [
"Oral pH-modified release budesonide versus 6-methylprednisolone in active Crohn's disease. German/Austrian Budesonide Study Group.",
"Budesonide CIR capsules (once or twice daily divided-dose) in active Crohn's disease: a randomized placebo-controlled study in the United States.",
"A comparison of budesonide a... | [
"Corticosteroids are effective in acute Crohn's disease (CD). The present study assessed the effectiveness and safety of oral pH-modified release budesonide (BUD) in patients with active CD in comparison with 6-methylprednisolone (MPred).\n This was a prospective multicentre, randomized, double-blind... | Budesonide is more effective than placebo or mesalamine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Although short-term efficacy with budesonide is less than with conventional steroids, particularly in those with severe disease or more extensive colonic involvement, the likelihood of adverse events and adrenal suppression is lower. |
CD006181 | [
"2498657"
] | [
"A randomized, controlled trial of very early prophylactic ligation of the ductus arteriosus in babies who weighed 1000 g or less at birth."
] | [
"We speculated that prophylactic ligation of the ductus arteriosus would reduce mortality and morbidity in very-low-birth-weight infants. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned 84 babies who weighed 1000 g or less at birth and required supplemental oxygen either to receive standard treatment (n = 44) or to u... | Prophylactic surgical ligation of the PDA did not decrease mortality or BPD in ELBW infants. A significant reduction of stage II or III NEC was noted. Based on the current evidence, the high rate of spontaneous closure, availability of effective safe medical therapies, and the potential short and long-term complications of surgical ligation, the use such prophylactic surgical therapy is not indicated in the management of the preterm infants. |
CD002818 | [
"14759641",
"2730380",
"7501140",
"2972270",
"2889518"
] | [
"Comparison of the effects of acetyl L-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomised, double-blind, crossover trial.",
"Amantadine treatment of fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis.",
"Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: results of a double-... | [
"Treatment with acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR) has been shown to improve fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, but there have been no trials on the effect of ALCAR for treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS). To compare the efficacy of ALCAR with that of amantadine, one of the drugs most widely used to... | The efficacy of amantadine in reducing fatigue in people with MS is poorly documented, as well as its tolerability. It is advisable to: (1) improve knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of MS-related fatigue; (2) achieve an agreement on accurate, reliable and responsive outcome measures of fatigue; (3) perform good quality RCTs. |
CD007182 | [
"7654268",
"3484773",
"3501750",
"10190377",
"12604518",
"2802557",
"10225575",
"2188590",
"10212779",
"3158277",
"7928829",
"8449579",
"215795",
"15728165",
"12195873",
"3492486",
"893246",
"3157008"
] | [
"Randomized comparative trial and cost analysis of 3-day antimicrobial regimens for treatment of acute cystitis in women.",
"Randomized study of single-dose, three-day, and seven-day treatment of cystitis in women.",
"Ofloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in acute cystitis.",
"A randomized trial of ... | [
"To determine the efficacy, safety, and costs associated with four different 3-day regimens for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women.\n A prospective randomized trial with a cost analysis.\n Women with acute cystitis attending a student health center.\n ... | No differences were observed between the classes of antimicrobials included in this review for the symptomatic cure of acute uncomplicated UTI. Fluoroquinolones proved more effective than beta-lactams for the short-term bacteriological outcome, probably with little clinical significance. Individualised treatment should take into consideration the predictable susceptibility of urinary pathogens in local areas, possible adverse events and resistance development, and patient preference. |
CD009148 | [
"10561655",
"12748513",
"3524234",
"8169910",
"2358916",
"6379529",
"8399011",
"2372330"
] | [
"Comparison of visual and computerized interpretation of nonstress test results in a randomized controlled trial.",
"Screening for fetal well-being in a high-risk pregnant population comparing the nonstress test with umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry: a randomized controlled clinical trial.",
"Fetal acoustic... | [
"This study tested the null hypothesis that the number of fetal surveillance tests and perinatal outcomes would not differ statistically between pregnancies randomized to visual or computerized interpretation of antepartum nonstress test results.\n A prospective, randomized controlled trial was condu... | There are insufficient data from randomised trials to guide practice regarding the management of DFM. Based on the results of other systematic reviews of management strategies for women whose babies are thought to be at risk of compromise for various reasons, the following strategies show promise and may be prioritised for further research: Doppler ultrasound studies, computerised cardiotocography, and fetal arousal to facilitate cardiotocography.
For settings where electronic fetal assessment methods are not available, clinical fetal arousal tests should be investigated. |
CD004667 | [
"8924098",
"11251497",
"2927328",
"11251496",
"7565233",
"11212998",
"12787235",
"8494832",
"11080465"
] | [
"A randomized, controlled trial of nurse-midwifery care.",
"Team midwifery care in a tertiary level obstetric service: a randomized controlled trial.",
"The 'Know Your Midwife' scheme--a randomised trial of continuity of care by a team of midwives.",
"Does team midwife care increase satisfaction with antenata... | [
"In 1990 a pilot nurse-midwifery program was implemented in a tertiary care hospital in a major western Canadian city. a randomized, controlled trial was conducted to determine if, when maternal and newborn patient outcomes were compared, the midwifery program was as effective as traditional, low-risk health care a... | Most women should be offered midwife-led models of care and women should be encouraged to ask for this option although caution should be exercised in applying this advice to women with substantial medical or obstetric complications. |
CD006164 | [
"15230999",
"10701059",
"7835254"
] | [
"School-milk intervention trial enhances growth and bone mineral accretion in Chinese girls aged 10-12 years in Beijing.",
"[Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in adolescents and pre-adolescents. An interventional multicenter study on the biological effect of repeated doses of 100,000 IU of vitamin D3].",
"Fact... | [
"A 2-year milk intervention trial was carried out with 757 girls, aged 10 years, from nine primary schools in Beijing (April 1999 - March 2001). Schools were randomised into three groups: group 1, 238 girls consumed a carton of 330 ml milk fortified with Ca on school days over the study period; group 2, 260 girls r... | There a only few studies on the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children. Until new data become available, it appears sound to offer preventive measures (vitamin D or calcium) to groups of high risk, like infants and toddlers; children living in Africa, Asia or the Middle East or migrated children from these regions into areas where rickets is not frequent. Due to a marked clinical heterogeneity and the scarcity of data, the main and adverse effects of preventive measures against nutritional rickets should be investigated in different countries, different age groups and in children of different ethnic origin. |
CD003996 | [
"9432077",
"7282909",
"3172958",
"4997484",
"3402097",
"3530224",
"9738752",
"3124628",
"11773839",
"7810316"
] | [
"Use of antibiotic prophylaxis in ear surgery.",
"Effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in mastoid surgery.",
"Antimicrobial prophylaxis in ear surgery.",
"Prophylactic antibiotics in otolaryngologic surgery: a double-blind study.",
"Tympanoplasty surgery and prophylactic antibiotics: surgical ... | [
"A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in ear surgery. The present study reports on the results of 750 patients, half of whom received cefuroxime for 1 day, the other half, placebo. All postoperative infections occurring with... | There is no strong evidence that the large-scale use of prophylactic antibiotics in clean and clean-contaminated ear surgery is helpful in reducing postoperative complications such as wound infection, discharge from the outer ear canal, labyrinthitis and graft failure. |
CD005146 | [
"17954515",
"14512476",
"17954514"
] | [
"Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in Brazil: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular haloperidol versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine.",
"Rapid tranquillisation for agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms: a randomised trial of midazolam versus haloper... | [
"To determine whether haloperidol alone results in swifter and safer tranquillisation and sedation than haloperidol plus promethazine.\n Pragmatic randomised open trial (January-July 2004).\n Psychiatric emergency room, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.\n 316 patients who needed u... | All treatments evaluated within the included studies are effective. Benzodiazepines, however, have the potential to cause respiratory depression, probably midazolam more so than lorazepam, and use of this group of drugs outside of services fully confident of observing for and managing the consequences of respiratory distress is difficult to justify. Haloperidol used on its own is at such risk of generating preventable adverse effects that unless it is the only choice, this evidence directs that this sole treatment should be avoided. Olanzapine IM is valuable when compared with haloperidol plus promethazine but its duration of action is short and re-injection is frequently needed. Haloperidol plus promethazine used in two diverse situations in Brazil and India has much evidence to support its swift and safe clinically valuable effects. |
CD001744 | [
"1586049",
"9337824",
"15316206",
"10596681"
] | [
"A double-blind trial of nocturnal supplemental oxygen for sleep desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a daytime PaO2 above 60 mm Hg.",
"Effect of long-term oxygen therapy on survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with moderate hypoxaemia.",
"Long-term ... | [
"The efficacy of nasal oxygen during sleep was evaluated in patients with COPD, episodic rapid eye movement sleep desaturation, and a daytime PaO2 greater than 60 mm Hg. The double-blind, randomized 3-yr trial used nasal oxygen versus room air in two groups of nocturnal sleep desaturating subjects. The setting was ... | Long-term home oxygen therapy improved survival in a selected group of COPD patients with severe hypoxaemia (arterial PaO2 less than 55 mm Hg (8.0 kPa)). Home oxygen therapy did not appear to improve survival in patients with mild to moderate hypoxaemia or in those with only arterial desaturation at night. |
CD004931 | [
"2792672",
"15672051",
"3294079",
"2194894",
"2767500",
"3294080"
] | [
"A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial of the gastric bubble for obesity.",
"Intragastric balloon for treatment-resistant obesity: safety, tolerance, and efficacy of 1-year balloon treatment followed by a 1-year balloon-free follow-up.",
"Double-blind controlled trial of the Garren-Edwards gastric b... | [
"We investigated the effect of an endoscopically placed gastric balloon, the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble (GEGB), on weight loss in obese patients. Fifty-nine obese patients were entered into a prospective double-blind study and randomized into two groups. In one group (34 patients) the GEGB was inserted, and in t... | Evidence from this review is limited for decision making, since there was large heterogeneity in IGB trials, regarding both methodological and clinical aspects. However, a co-adjuvant factor described by some authors in the loss and maintenance of weight has been the motivation and the encouragement to changing eating habits following a well-organized diet and a program of behavioural modification. The IGB alone and the technique of positioning appear to be safe. Despite the evidence for little additional benefit of the intragastric balloon in the loss of weight, its cost should be considered against a program of eating and behavioural modification. |
CD006245 | [
"16468111",
"10856009",
"2406126",
"2044499"
] | [
"[Education of children with epilepsy and their parents by the modular education program epilepsy for families (FAMOSES)--results of an evaluation study].",
"A randomized field trial of ACINDES: a child-centered training model for children with chronic illnesses (asthma and epilepsy).",
"Randomized trial of a p... | [
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the modular educational program for children with epilepsy and their parents (FAMOSES). This program was developed by an interdisciplinary project group to improve knowledge, coping, treatment outcome, emotional and practical adaptation to the condition.\n ... | While each of the programmes in this review showed some benefit to children with epilepsy their impacts were extremely variable. No programme showed benefits across the full range of outcomes. No study appears to have demonstrated any detrimental effects but the evidence in favour of any single programme is insufficient to make it possible to recommend one programme rather than another. More trials, carried out by independent research teams, are needed. |
CD008234 | [
"15072419",
"18607963"
] | [
"Selective vestibular ablation by intratympanic gentamicin in patients with unilateral active Ménière's disease: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.",
"Intratympanic gentamicin therapy for control of vertigo in unilateral Menire's disease: a prospective, double-blind, rando... | [
"To establish the efficacy of intratympanic gentamicin treatment in patients with unilateral Ménière's disease.\n This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of intratympanic gentamicin versus intratympanic buffer solution (placebo) in patients with established active Ménière's di... | Based on the results of the two included studies, intratympanic gentamicin seems to be an effective treatment for vertigo complaints in Ménière's disease, but carries a risk of hearing loss. |
CD008341 | [
"18383539",
"19644849",
"19560810",
"19066176"
] | [
"Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite treatment with methotrexate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study.",
"Golimumab, a human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, injected subcutaneously every four weeks in methotrexate-naive patients with ... | [
"To assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacology of subcutaneous administration of golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite treatment with methotrexate (MTX).\n Patients were randomly assigned in a double-blinded manner to receive injections of placebo plus MTX or 50 mg or... | With an overall high grade of evidence, at the FDA-approved dose, golimumab is significantly more efficacious than placebo in treatment of patients with active RA , when used in combination with methotrexate. The short-term safety profile, based on short-term RCTs, is reasonable with no differences in total adverse events, serious infections, cancer, tuberculosis or deaths. Long-term surveillance studies are needed for safety assessment. |
CD003728 | [
"3679106"
] | [
"Group art therapy as an adjunct to treatment for chronic outpatients."
] | [
"Art therapy has lagged behind other therapeutic modalities in being subjected to rigorous evaluation of its effectiveness. This study examines psychosocial outcome for a group of chronic psychiatric outpatients. Half the patients were randomly assigned to a ten-week supportive art therapy group as an adjunct to tr... | Randomised studies are possible in this field. Further evaluation of the use of art therapy for serious mental illnesses is needed as its benefits or harms remain unclear. |
CD003466 | [
"15772025",
"6210163",
"19106207",
"7118759",
"19635943",
"19758364",
"9474293",
"15513722",
"6181049"
] | [
"The effect of intervention on the free-play experience for mothers and their infants with developmental delay and cerebral palsy.",
"Social interaction between parents and babies: validation of an intervention procedure.",
"The effect of aided language stimulation on vocabulary acquisition in children with lit... | [
"An intervention study designed to investigate the effects of one hour of maternal and infant behavior was conducted using experimental and control groups of mothers and their infants with cerebral palsy. Ten mother-infant pairs were in each group; infants ranged in age from 8-32 months. Infants of mothers in the c... | Firm evidence of the positive effects of SLT for children with cerebral palsy has not been demonstrated by this review. However, positive trends in communication change were shown. No change in practice is recommended from this updated review. Further research is needed to describe this client group, and its possible clinical subgroups, and the methods of treatment currently used in SLT. Research is also needed to investigate the effectiveness of new and established interventions and their acceptability to families. Rigour in research practice needs to be extended to enable firm associations between therapy and the communication change to be made. There are now sufficient data to develop randomised controlled studies of dysarthria interventions and group parent training programmes. Such research is urgently needed to ensure clinically effective provision for this group of children, who are at severe risk of social and educational exclusion. |
CD002173 | [
"4398782",
"1615179",
"415495",
"6810423",
"4209680",
"5004629",
"3929698",
"6230059",
"4631823",
"6791596",
"806293",
"413493",
"3092689",
"4101988",
"10213547",
"6775752",
"5536092",
"7979527",
"5001717"
] | [
"Effect of cromolyn sodium on childhood asthma.",
"Inhaled sodium cromoglycate for pre-term children with respiratory symptoms at follow-up.",
"The use of nebulised sodium cromoglycate in children.",
"Nebulised sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of wheezy bronchitis in infants and young children.",
"A \"d... | [
"nan",
"Children born prematurely frequently have recurrent respiratory symptoms at follow-up and benefit from bronchodilator therapy. We have assessed if regular inhaled sodium cromoglycate would reduce this respiratory morbidity and need for bronchodilator therapy. Sixteen symptomatic children (median gestation... | There is insufficient evidence to be sure about the efficacy of sodium cromoglycate over placebo. Publication bias is likely to have overestimated the beneficial effects of sodium cromoglycate as maintenance therapy in childhood asthma. |
CD002886 | [
"2882288",
"2267922",
"10503682",
"8135557",
"3302924",
"7359263"
] | [
"Effect of a single oral dose of prednisolone in acute childhood asthma.",
"Placebo controlled trial of systemic corticosteroids in acute childhood asthma.",
"Nebulized budesonide versus oral steroid in severe exacerbations of childhood asthma.",
"Prednisolone and salbutamol in the hospital treatment of acute... | [
"140 children of 184 with acute asthma entered a randomised double-blind trial of oral prednisolone (n = 67) compared with placebo (n = 73) administered soon after admission. The dose of prednisolone was 30 mg in children under 5, otherwise 60 mg. All children also received salbutamol. All had moderate or severe dy... | Systemic corticosteroids produce some improvements for children admitted to hospital with acute asthma. The benefits may include earlier discharge and fewer relapses. Inhaled or nebulised corticosteroids cannot be recommended as equivalent to systemic steroids at this time. Further studies examining differing doses and routes of administration for corticosteroids will clarify the optimal therapy. |
CD006769 | [
"11078836"
] | [
"Amniotic membrane transplantation for repair of leaking glaucoma filtering blebs."
] | [
"To compare the safety and efficacy of human preserved amniotic membrane transplant with conjunctival advancement for repair of late-onset glaucoma filtering bleb leaks.\n A prospective, randomized clinical trial compared amniotic membrane transplant with conjunctival advancement in patients with lea... | Although a variety of treatments have been proposed for bleb leaks, there is no evidence of their comparative effectiveness.
The evidence in this review was provided by a single trial that compared two surgical procedures (conjunctival advancement and amniotic membrane transplant). The trial did show a superiority of conjunctival advancement, which was regarded as standard treatment, to amniotic membrane transplantation. There is a need for more randomised trials to validate the findings of this single trial and provide more information on the different types of interventions, especially non-surgical treatments compared to surgical procedures. We recommend that any intervention should be compared to a standard procedure, which is to date conjunctival advancement. |
CD005573 | [
"10466665",
"15507864",
"15647189",
"15569116"
] | [
"Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial.",
"Low-dose balsalazide plus a high-potency probiotic preparation is more effective than balsalazide alone or mesalazine in the treatment of acute mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis.",
"Synbiotic the... | [
"Ulcerative colitis has been suggested to be caused by infection and there is circumstantial evidence linking Escherichia coli with the condition. Our aim was to find out whether the administration of a non-pathogenic strain of E. coli (Nissle 1917) was as effective as mesalazine in preventing relapse of ulcerative... | Conventional therapy combined with a probiotic does not improve overall remission rates in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. However, there is limited evidence that probiotics added to standard therapy may provide modest benefits in terms of reduction of disease activity in patients with mild to moderately severe ulcerative colitis. Whether probiotics are as effective in patients with severe and more extensive disease and whether they can be used as an alternative to existing therapies is unknown. Further well designed, larger randomised controlled trials are needed to determine whether probiotics can be used as an alternative to current treatment modalities. |
CD005976 | [
"12243918",
"15070633"
] | [
"Clinical efficacy of 3 days versus 5 days of oral amoxicillin for treatment of childhood pneumonia: a multicentre double-blind trial.",
"Three day versus five day treatment with amoxicillin for non-severe pneumonia in young children: a multicentre randomised controlled trial."
] | [
"For most infections, especially acute respiratory infections (ARIs), the recommended duration of therapy is not based on strong scientific or clinical criteria. Shorter courses of antibiotics for non-severe pneumonia would result in lower costs, enhance patient compliance, and might help to contain antimicrobial r... | The evidence of this review suggests that a short course (three days) of antibiotic therapy is as effective as a longer treatment (five days) for non-severe CAP in children under five years of age. However, there is a need for more well-designed RCTs to support our review findings. |
CD001289 | [
"8756815",
"9596315",
"1745841"
] | [
"Short-term recombinant human DNase in bronchiectasis. Effect on clinical state and in vitro sputum transportability.",
"Treatment of idiopathic bronchiectasis with aerosolized recombinant human DNase I. rhDNase Study Group.",
"Role of bromhexine in exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Double-blind randomized multi... | [
"We report a double blind placebo-controlled phase II study of the efficacy and safety of nebulized recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) administered for 14 d to adults with bronchiectasis not caused by cystic fibrosis. All were in a stable clinical state at the commencement of the study, and they received (1) rhDNase... | There is not enough evidence to evaluate the routine use of mucolytics for bronchiectasis. High doses of bromhexine coupled with antibiotics may help with sputum production and clearance. |
CD006189 | [
"15727375",
"3730737",
"13160496",
"7236953",
"15479896"
] | [
"Frozen shoulder syndrome: comparison of oral route corticosteroid and intra-articular corticosteroid injection.",
"A controlled study of oral prednisolone in frozen shoulder.",
"Oral cortisone therapy in periarthritis of the shoulder; a controlled trial.",
"The upper limb: the frozen shoulder.",
"Short cou... | [
"Twenty-six patients with frozen shoulder syndrome (Stage 2 and 3) were included in this study conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia and randomly allocated into 2 groups: 40 mg triamcinolone intra-articular injection and triamcinolone oral tablets. The result showed that triamcinolone intra... | Available data from two placebo-controlled trials and one no-treatment controlled trial provides "Silver" level evidence (www.cochranemsk.org) that oral steroids provides significant short-term benefits in pain, range of movement of the shoulder and function in adhesive capsulitis but the effect may not be maintained beyond six weeks. |
CD009043 | [
"19797985",
"19948625"
] | [
"A placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder.",
"Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder."
] | [
"To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder.\n Two hundred eighteen children and adolescents (aged 6-17 years) with a diagnosis of autistic disorder, and with behaviors such as tantrums, aggression... | Evidence from two randomized controlled trials suggests that aripiprazole can be effective in treating some behavioral aspects of ASD in children. After treatment with aripiprazole, children showed less irritability, hyperactivity, and stereotypies (repetitive, purposeless actions). Notable side effects must be considered, however, such as weight gain, sedation, drooling, and tremor. Longer studies of aripiprazole in individuals with ASD would be useful to gain information on long-term safety and efficacy. |
CD003582 | [
"10629368"
] | [
"Clinical trial of induction of labor versus expectant management in twin pregnancy."
] | [
"The appropriate date of delivery in twin pregnancies is supposed to be earlier than that in singleton pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare two strategies for managing twin pregnancies (i.e., immediate induction and expectant management).\n Seventeen patients underwent immediately induced ... | The small trial identified was underpowered to detect the outcome measures of interest. Consequently, there are insufficient data available to support a practice of elective delivery from 37 weeks' gestation for women with an otherwise uncomplicated twin pregnancy at term. |
CD004765 | [
"2460414"
] | [
"Dye laser photocoagulation of macular subretinal neovascularization in pathological myopia. A randomized study of three different wavelengths."
] | [
"The authors present a randomized study of 27 eyes affected by pathological myopia with macular subretinal neovascularization which were treated with a tunable dye laser. The effectiveness of three different wavelengths (577, 590 and 620 nm) in the direct treatment of subretinal neovascularizations was evaluated in... | Despite its use over several years the effectiveness of laser photocoagulation for myopic CNV has not been established. Although there was a suggestion of short-term effectiveness in one small study on non-subfoveal CNV the results were potentially biased. Observational studies suggest that the enlargement of the atrophic laser scar after laser treatment of non-subfoveal CNV could be a potentially vision-threatening long-term complication, even in eyes free of CNV recurrence. |
CD003685 | [
"10566565",
"11087881"
] | [
"The safety profile, tolerability, and effective dose range of rofecoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Phase II Rofecoxib Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group.",
"Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group."
] | [
"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (NSAIDs) inhibit both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes and are effective in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. This 8-week, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to assess the safety profile, tolerability, and effective dose range of once-dail... | In patients with RA, rofecoxib demonstrates a greater degree of efficacy than placebo, while having a comparable safety profile. Rofecoxib demonstrates a similar degree of efficacy as naproxen, but with a significantly lower rate of ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding. Rofecoxib was associated with a greater risk for MI, but the exact significance and pathophysiology of this possible relationship is unclear.
Rofecoxib was voluntarily withdrawn from global markets in October 2004. It cannot therefore be prescribed and therefore there are no implications for practice concerning its use. None the less when considering which NSAID to use, it must be borne in mind that the toxicity of NSAIDs is variable amongst patients and drugs and it tends to be dose related and associated with variation in the mode of action, absorption, distribution and metabolism.There remains a number of questions over both the benefits and risks associated with Cox II selective agents and further work is ongoing. It is likely that this issue will not be resolved until research has enabled a fuller understanding of the complex mechanism by which the Cox system operates. |
CD003438 | [
"3769894",
"18074710",
"18853562",
"5262986",
"5810168",
"15530927",
"8799442",
"16435703"
] | [
"Can the conspicuity of objects be predicted from laboratory experiments?",
"Effects of age and illumination on night driving: a road test.",
"Highlighting human form and motion information enhances the conspicuity of pedestrians at night.",
"Actual pedestrian visibility and the pedestrian's estimate of his o... | [
"nan",
"This study investigated the effects of drivers' age and low light on speed, lane keeping, and visual recognition of typical roadway stimuli.\n Poor visibility, which is exacerbated by age-related changes in vision, is a leading contributor to fatal nighttime crashes. There is little evidenc... | Visibility aids have the potential to increase visibility and enable drivers to detect pedestrians and cyclists earlier. Biomotion markings, which highlight the movement and form of the pedestrian, showed evidence of improving pedestrians' conspicuity at night. Public acceptability of various effective strategies which improve visibility would merit further development. However, the effect of visibility aids on pedestrian and cyclist safety remains unknown. A cluster randomised controlled trial involving large communities may provide an answer to this question. It would, however, be a challenging trial to conduct. Studies that collect data of road traffic injuries relating to the use of visibility aids also warrant consideration. |
CD007825 | [
"22054336",
"21487425",
"18519821",
"11994884",
"17116916",
"16918861",
"16267182",
"18606949",
"15823886",
"21680632",
"16253541"
] | [
"Enhancing ventilation in homes of children with asthma: pragmatic randomised controlled trial.",
"Effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary family-based programme for treating childhood obesity (the Family Project).",
"Prevention of negative symptom psychopathologies in first-episode schizophrenia: two-year effect... | [
"Few robust studies have tested whether enhancing housing also improves health.\n To evaluate the effectiveness of installing ventilation systems, and central heating where necessary, in the homes of children with moderate or severe asthma.\n Pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT)... | Collaboration between local health and local government is commonly considered best practice. However, the review did not identify any reliable evidence that interagency collaboration, compared to standard services, necessarily leads to health improvement. A few studies identified component benefits but these were not reflected in overall outcome scores and could have resulted from the use of significant additional resources. Although agencies appear enthusiastic about collaboration, difficulties in the primary studies and incomplete implementation of initiatives have prevented the development of a strong evidence base. If these weaknesses are addressed in future studies (for example by providing greater detail on the implementation of programmes; using more robust designs, integrated process evaluations to show how well the partners of the collaboration worked together, and measurement of health outcomes) it could provide a better understanding of what might work and why. It is possible that local collaborative partnerships delivering environmental Interventions may result in health gain but the evidence base for this is very limited.
Evaluations of interagency collaborative arrangements face many challenges. The results demonstrate that collaborative community partnerships can be established to deliver interventions but it is important to agree goals, methods of working, monitoring and evaluation before implementation to protect programme fidelity and increase the potential for effectiveness. |
CD005940 | [
"3425252"
] | [
"Prediction of preterm birth."
] | [
"The aim of this study was to assess the value of screening of cervical status in normal as well as in pregnancies with risk factors. 1327 pregnancies were studied prospectively; 16% had a medical history of earlier obstetrical or gynecological complications (group I) and 6% had complications during the first 24 we... | We found no evidence to support the use of RDCA in pregnancy to reduce the prevalence of preterm birth. We have found insufficient evidence to assess adverse effects of the intervention. |
CD006273 | [
"12411847",
"7893564",
"15800328",
"15684225"
] | [
"Hypodermoclysis for control of dehydration in terminal-stage cancer.",
"The effect of intravenous fluid infusion on blood and urine parameters of hydration and on state of consciousness in terminal cancer patients.",
"Effects of parenteral hydration in terminally ill cancer patients: a preliminary study.",
"... | [
"Many of those involved in palliative care have justifiable objections to the introduction of intravenous hydration in patients with dehydration-associated symptoms and advanced cancer. Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires carried out a randomized, comparative and prospective trail to determine the usefu... | Since the last version of this review no new studies were found. However there is one ongoing, high quality study that has not reached full recruitment. There are insufficient good quality studies to make any recommendations for practice with regard to the use of medically assisted hydration in palliative care patients. |
CD006815 | [
"4605357",
"12444816",
"9809861"
] | [
"The use of hydroxyzine (Vistaril) in the treatment of anxiety neurosis.",
"Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 3-month double-blind study.",
"A multicentre double-blind comparison of hydroxyzine, buspirone and placebo in patients with generalized anxiety disor... | [
"nan",
"The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) represents an important public health issue. Hydroxyzine, an antagonist of histamine receptors, showed both efficacy and safety in previous short-term double-blind studies over placebo in this pathology. The aim of the current study was to confirm those... | The included studies did not report on all the outcomes that were pre-specified in the protocol for this review. Even though more effective than placebo, due to the high risk of bias of the included studies, the small number of studies and the overall small sample size, it is not possible to recommend hydroxyzine as a reliable first-line treatment in GAD. |
CD002997 | [
"15176685",
"8473676",
"11520711",
"12065339",
"10875487",
"8430965",
"10383596"
] | [
"Clarithromycin reduces the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma.",
"Efficacy and safety of low-dose troleandomycin therapy in children with severe, steroid-requiring asthma.",
"Trial of roxithromycin in subjects with asthma and serological evidence of infection with Chlamydia pneum... | [
"A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effects of a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, clarithromycin, on bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in patients with a diagnosis of asthma. Adult asthma patients undergoing treatment with budesonide 400 microg b.i.d. and ... | Considering the small number of patients studied, there is insufficient evidence to support or to refute the use of macrolides in patients with chronic asthma. Further studies are needed in particular to clarify the potential role of macrolides in some subgroups of asthmatics such as those with evidence of chronic bacterial infection. |
CD006358 | [
"12795394",
"11758877",
"9091670"
] | [
"The effects of a time-limited welfare program on children: the moderating role of parents' risk of welfare dependency.",
"Preschool and school age children under welfare reform.",
"The effect of monetary incentives and peer support groups on repeat adolescent pregnancies. A randomized trial of the Dollar-a-Day... | [
"This study examined the effect of a time-limited welfare program on school-age children using data on almost 3,000 children (ages 5-17 at the four year follow up-point) from the random assignment evaluation of Florida's Family Transition Program (FTP). FTP was one of the first welfare reform initiatives to impose ... | The review set out to examine the potential of financial support to poor families to improve circumstances for children. However, on the basis of current evidence we cannot state unequivocally whether financial benefits delivered as an intervention are effective at improving child health or well-being in the short term. Our conclusions are limited by the fact that most of the studies had small effects on total household income and that, while no conditions were attached to how money was spent, all studies included strict conditions for receipt of payments. We note particular concerns by some authors that sanctions and conditions (such as working hours) placed on families may increase family stress. |
CD003309 | [
"12559133"
] | [
"The effects of the shallow and the deep endotracheal suctioning on oxygen saturation and heart rate in high-risk infants."
] | [
"An experimental study involving repeated-measures within subjects was conducted to examine the effects of shallow and deep endotracheal suctioning (ETS) on the SpO(2) and HR in 27 ventilated high-risks infants. The order in which subjects received the ETS protocol was randomly assigned. The results showed no signi... | There is no evidence from randomised controlled trials concerning the benefits or risks of deep versus shallow suctioning of endotracheal tubes in ventilated neonates and infants. Further high quality research is required. |
CD002309 | [
"17573446",
"19716960",
"17463412",
"19716961",
"11498212",
"16099292"
] | [
"Reduction in sputum neutrophil and eosinophil numbers by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in patients with COPD.",
"Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials.",
"Effect of 1-year treatment with roflumilast in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.",
... | [
"Roflumilast is a targeted oral once-daily administered phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with clinical efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results from in vitro studies with roflumilast indicate that it has anti-inflammatory properties that may be applicable for the treatment of COPD.\n ... | In people with COPD, PDE4 inhibitors offered benefit over placebo in improving lung function and reducing likelihood of exacerbations, however, they had little impact on quality of life or symptoms. Gastrointestinal adverse effects and weight loss were common. The optimum place of PDE4 inhibitors in COPD management remains to be defined. Longer-term trials are needed to determine whether or not PDE4 inhibitors modify FEV1 decline, healthcare utilisation or mortality in COPD. |
CD001991 | [
"6734291",
"21714641",
"5345935",
"1991274",
"3711252",
"2776873"
] | [
"Screening for early lung cancer. Results of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering study in New York.",
"Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening.",
"Earlier diagnosis and survival in lung cancer.",
"Screening for lung cancer. A critique of the Mayo Lung Project.",
"Multiphasic Heal... | [
"The Memorial Sloan-Kettering lung cancer screening program was begun in 1974 to evaluate sputum cytology as a supplement to the annual chest x-ray examination for early detection and diagnosis. The 10,040 adult, male cigarette smokers who enrolled were randomly assigned to receive annual chest x-ray examinations o... | The current evidence does not support screening for lung cancer with chest radiography or sputum cytology. Annual low-dose CT screening is associated with a reduction in lung cancer mortality in high-risk smokers but further data are required on the cost effectiveness of screening and the relative harms and benefits of screening across a range of different risk groups and settings. |
CD003144 | [
"7006425",
"3896372",
"6375991",
"2064291"
] | [
"Randomized prospective evaluation of the EEA stapler for colorectal anastomoses.",
"Staples or sutures for low colorectal anastomoses: a prospective randomized trial.",
"[Technic of rectum anastomoses in rectum resection. A controlled study: instrumental suture versus hand suture].",
"[The best anastomoses a... | [
"A randomized, prospective study should be done to evaluate any new procedure or instrument. Our experience with the end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapler suggests that an anastomosis can be created in a shorter time than is required for the traditional hand-sewn technique. This difference is even greater when the a... | The evidence found was insufficient to demonstrate any superiority of stapled over handsewn techniques in colorectal anastomosis surgery, regardless of the level of anastomosis. There were no randomised clinical trials comparing these two types of anastomosis in elective conditions in the last decade. The relevance of this research question has possibly lost its strength where elective surgery is concerned. However, in risk situations, such as emergency surgery, trauma and inflammatory bowel disease, new clinical trials are needed. |
CD004654 | [
"9802740",
"11092289",
"12797714",
"11483229",
"10868832",
"15161773",
"15660732",
"12757988",
"10333912",
"12351462",
"12832314",
"10631622",
"12213867"
] | [
"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of repaglinide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.",
"Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemic control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.",
"The effect of prandial glucose regulation with repaglinide on treatment satisfact... | [
"The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of repaglinide compared with placebo in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.\n This was a phase II multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-adjustment and maintenance trial. After screening and a 2-wee... | Meglitinides may offer an alternative oral hypoglycaemic agent of similar potency to metformin, and may be indicated where side effects of metformin are intolerable or where metformin is contraindicated. However, there is no evidence available to indicate what effect meglitinides will have on important long-term outcomes, particularly mortality. |
CD009138 | [
"6386793",
"1924659",
"1546154",
"6211994",
"2649156",
"7003429",
"2858187",
"7044154",
"8297924",
"7592505",
"3927356",
"2201481",
"4923928",
"9413414",
"7868849",
"108739",
"7873952",
"7156248",
"6371879",
"2236455",
"7231652",
"3133710",
"6225150",
"8471679",
"2258... | [
"A double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of dothiepin hydrochloride in the treatment of major depressive disorder.",
"A controlled study of mianserin in moderately to severely depressed outpatients.",
"A comparison of moclobemide, amitriptyline and placebo in depression: a Canadian multicentre study.",
... | [
"In a 6-week double-blind parallel treatment study, dothiepin and amitriptyline were compared to placebo in the treatment of 33 depressed outpatients. Dothiepin and amitriptyline were equally effective in alleviating the symptoms of depressive illness, and both were significantly superior to placebo. The overall in... | Amitriptyline is an efficacious antidepressant drug. It is, however, also associated with a number of side effects. Degree of placebo response and severity of depression at baseline may moderate drug-placebo efficacy differences. |
CD007045 | [
"11843249",
"15499601"
] | [
"Randomised trial of SIR-Spheres plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone for treating patients with liver metastases from primary large bowel cancer.",
"Randomised phase 2 trial of SIR-Spheres plus fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy versus fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy alone in advanced colorectal cance... | [
"SIR-Spheres are radioactive yttrium90 microspheres (SIR-Spheres, Sirtex Medical Limited, Australia) used to selectively target high levels of ionising radiation to tumors within the liver. This trial was designed to measure any increased patient benefit by adding a single administration of SIR-Spheres to a regimen... | There is a need for well designed, adequately powered phase III trials assessing the effect of SIRT when used with modern combination chemotherapy regimens. Further studies are also needed for patients with refractory disease with a particular focus on the impact on quality of life. |
CD007368 | [
"15158629",
"20882421",
"20375190"
] | [
"Zinc for severe pneumonia in very young children: double-blind placebo-controlled trial.",
"Zinc supplementation in severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in children: a triple-blind randomized placebo controlled trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in child... | [
"Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Early reversal of severity signs--chest indrawing, hypoxia, and tachypnoea--improves outcome. We postulated that zinc, an acute phase reactant, would shorten duration of severe pneumonia and time in hospital.\n In a double-bl... | Evidence provided in this review is insufficient to recommend the use of zinc as an adjunct to standard antibiotic therapy for pneumonia in children aged two to 35 months. |
CD002973 | [
"10988090"
] | [
"Continuous tracheal gas insufflation in preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease. A prospective randomized trial."
] | [
"In mechanically ventilated neonates, the instrumental dead space is a major determinant of total minute ventilation. By flushing this dead space, continuous tracheal gas insufflation (CTGI) may allow reduction of the risk of overinflation. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of CTGI in reducin... | There is evidence from a single RCT that TGI may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants - although the data from this small study do not give sufficient evidence to support the introduction of TGI into clinical practice. The technical requirements for performing TGI (as performed in the single included study) are great. There is no statistically significant reduction in the total duration of respiratory support or hospital stay. TGI cannot be recommended for general use at this time. |
CD004107 | [
"7570436",
"11405516",
"8541826",
"8793447",
"11371411",
"9616530",
"10955751",
"9476870",
"2148702",
"11844120",
"9154850",
"8605463",
"9404750",
"8148679"
] | [
"Peak flow based asthma self-management: a randomised controlled study in general practice. British Thoracic Society Research Committee.",
"Benefit from the inclusion of self-treatment guidelines to a self-management programme for adults with asthma.",
"The effects of a cognitive behavioural intervention in ast... | [
"Peak flow based asthma self-management plans have been strongly advocated in consensus statements, but convincing evidence for the effectiveness of this approach has been largely lacking.\n A randomised controlled trial was conducted in 25 general practices comparing an asthma self-management progra... | Optimal self-management allowing for optimisation of asthma control by adjustment of medications may be conducted by either self-adjustment with the aid of a written action plan or by regular medical review. Individualised written action plans based on PEF are equivalent to action plans based on symptoms. Reducing the intensity of self-management education or level of clinical review may reduce its effectiveness. |
CD002879 | [
"1361594",
"9655732",
"3541946",
"2844548",
"359091",
"7000127",
"9228354",
"3282826",
"3296296",
"6998599",
"2236929",
"8323338",
"2856542"
] | [
"Comparison of oral-steroid sparing by high-dose and low-dose inhaled steroid in maintenance treatment of severe asthma.",
"Addition of salmeterol versus doubling the dose of beclomethasone in children with asthma. The Dutch Asthma Study Group.",
"Twice daily administration of beclomethasone dipropionate dry-po... | [
"It is not clear whether high doses of inhaled steroids have a greater sparing effect than low doses on the requirement for systemic steroids. In a randomised, double-blind, multicentre study, we compared the effects of high-dose (1500 micrograms/day) and low-dose (300 micrograms/day) inhaled beclomethasone dipropi... | BDP appears to demonstrate a shallow dose response effect in long-term asthma for a small number of efficacy outcomes over range of daily doses from 400 mcg/d to 1600 mcg/d, although the clinical significance of the improvements afforded by higher doses is questionable. |
CD002086 | [
"6216858",
"131678",
"3157706",
"138560",
"1981436",
"12695127",
"9649660",
"16312705",
"150346",
"14988688",
"17436825",
"2938993",
"11867968",
"11701404",
"16702498",
"21269305",
"2965628",
"15588555",
"17436826",
"2530191",
"11586012"
] | [
"Efficacy of minocycline compared with tetracycline in treatment of acne vulgaris.",
"Minocycline in acne vulgaris: a double-blind study.",
"An accurate photographic method for grading acne: initial use in a double-blind clinical comparison of minocycline and tetracycline.",
"Minocycline therapy in acne vulga... | [
"A double-blind evaluation of the efficacy and safety of minocycline hydrochloride and tetracycline hydrochloride was conducted and completed using 49 patients with Pillsbury grade 2 or grade 3 acne. For six months, half of the patients received minocycline and half received tetracycline. Although the differences b... | Minocycline is an effective treatment for moderate to moderately-severe inflammatory acne vulgaris, but there is still no evidence that it is superior to other commonly-used therapies. This review found no reliable evidence to justify the reinstatement of its first-line use, even though the price-differential is less than it was 10 years ago. Concerns remain about its safety compared to other tetracyclines. |
CD007598 | [
"11984383",
"19731848",
"10434220",
"14770380",
"17304779",
"12776641",
"9378876"
] | [
"Isopropyl alcohol inhalation: alternative treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.",
"Comparison of inhalation of isopropyl alcohol vs promethazine in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients identified as at high risk for developing PONV.",
"An alternative method to allevia... | [
"The mechanisms for postoperative nausea and vomiting are numerous and pathways not well elucidated. Although many medications have been developed to help prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, the search for better approaches to recovery treatment continues.\n The purpose of this study was to ev... | Isopropyl alcohol was more effective than saline placebo for reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting but less effective than standard anti-emetic drugs. There is currently no reliable evidence for the use of peppermint oil. |
CD001865 | [
"8998184",
"12590989",
"12173678",
"17196358",
"21149743",
"16338740",
"12394349",
"8327418",
"7707420",
"11988381",
"10564627",
"8302104",
"7563045",
"16720537",
"19105686",
"12215248",
"20978060",
"18308500",
"10391568",
"18573775",
"10564629",
"16832795",
"16916540",
... | [
"Controlled trial of pretest education approaches to enhance informed decision-making for BRCA1 gene testing.",
"Comparison of tailored interventions to increase mammography screening in nonadherent older women.",
"Comparisons of tailored mammography interventions at two months postintervention.",
"The effect... | [
"In response to the isolation of the BRCA1 gene, a breast-ovarian cancer-susceptibility gene, biotechnology companies are already marketing genetic tests to health care providers and to the public. Initial studies indicate interest in BRCA1 testing in the general public and in populations at high risk. However, the... | There is strong evidence from three trials that personalised risk estimates incorporated within communication interventions for screening programmes enhance informed choices. However the evidence for increasing the uptake of such screening tests with similar interventions is weak, and it is not clear if this increase is associated with informed choices. Studies included a diverse range of screening programmes. Therefore, data from this review do not allow us to draw conclusions about the best interventions to deliver personalised risk communication for enhancing informed decisions. The results are dominated by findings from the topic area of mammography and colorectal cancer. Caution is therefore required in generalising from these results, and particularly for clinical topics other than mammography and colorectal cancer screening. |
CD007070 | [
"15998750",
"16770975",
"1477566",
"18758677",
"19501658",
"18311814",
"16131290"
] | [
"A randomized clinical trial of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture in fibromyalgia.",
"Improvement in fibromyalgia symptoms with acupuncture: results of a randomized controlled trial.",
"Electroacupuncture in fibromyalgia: results of a controlled trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture ... | [
"Fibromyalgia is a common chronic pain condition for which patients frequently use acupuncture.\n To determine whether acupuncture relieves pain in fibromyalgia.\n Randomized, sham-controlled trial in which participants, data collection staff, and data analysts were blinded to treatmen... | There is low to moderate-level evidence that compared with no treatment and standard therapy, acupuncture improves pain and stiffness in people with fibromyalgia. There is moderate-level evidence that the effect of acupuncture does not differ from sham acupuncture in reducing pain or fatigue, or improving sleep or global well-being. EA is probably better than MA for pain and stiffness reduction and improvement of global well-being, sleep and fatigue. The effect lasts up to one month, but is not maintained at six months follow-up. MA probably does not improve pain or physical functioning. Acupuncture appears safe. People with fibromyalgia may consider using EA alone or with exercise and medication. The small sample size, scarcity of studies for each comparison, lack of an ideal sham acupuncture weaken the level of evidence and its clinical implications. Larger studies are warranted. |
CD001087 | [
"9545998",
"475542",
"6578788",
"16103032",
"7953031"
] | [
"Randomized trial of general hospital and residential alternative care for patients with severe and persistent mental illness.",
"A comparative trial of home and hospital psychiatric care. One-year follow-up.",
"Psychiatric hospital versus community treatment: the results of a randomised trial.",
"Randomised ... | [
"Severe and persistent mental illnesses are often lifelong and characterized by intermittent exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Providing needed care within budgetary constraints to this largely publicly subsidized population requires technologies that reduce costly inpatient episodes. The authors report a pr... | Care based on crisis intervention principles, with or without an ongoing home care package, appears to be a viable and acceptable way of treating people with serious mental illnesses. If this approach is to be widely implemented it would seem that more evaluative studies are still needed. |
CD000163 | [
"1988896",
"2030849",
"11423890",
"8688397",
"9492730",
"15515998",
"9740522",
"8623871",
"12212131"
] | [
"Peritoneal closure or non-closure at cesarean.",
"A randomized study of closure of the peritoneum at cesarean delivery.",
"A randomized controlled study of peritoneal closure at cesarean section.",
"Nonclosure of the visceral and parietal peritoneum at caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial.",
"R... | [
"The value of peritoneal closure at the time of cesarean birth was evaluated prospectively. Two hundred forty-eight women undergoing low transverse cesarean through a Pfannenstiel skin incision were assigned to one of two groups: peritoneum open (N = 127) or peritoneum closed (N = 121). The mean (+/- SEM) surgical ... | There was improved short-term postoperative outcome if the peritoneum was not closed. This in itself can support those who opt not to close the peritoneum. Long-term studies following caesarean section are limited; there is therefore no overall evidence for non-closure until long-term data become available.
[Note: The 18 citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of the review once assessed.] |
CD009581 | [
"16454975"
] | [
"XS0601 reduces the incidence of restenosis: a prospective study of 335 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in China."
] | [
"XS0601, consisting of active ingredients (Chuangxiongol and paeoniflorin), has been shown to inhibit arterial neointimal hyperplasia in animal models and in preliminary human studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of XS0601 in preventing restenosis following percutaneous coron... | The summary estimates indicate a protective effect of Xiongshao on restenosis and suggest that Xiongshao capsule may be used to prevent restenosis after a PCI procedure in CHD patients. However, this evidence is derived from small randomised trials, all conducted in China, and two of the included trials showed important methodological limitations that undermine the validity of the findings. Additional high-quality research trials with sufficient sample size are required. |
CD009270 | [
"3941934",
"7413719",
"351429"
] | [
"Anticonvulsant effect of cannabidiol.",
"Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients.",
"Toward drugs derived from cannabis."
] | [
"nan",
"In phase 1 of the study, 3 mg/kg daily of cannabidiol (CBD) was given for 30 days to 8 health human volunteers. Another 8 volunteers received the same number of identical capsules containing glucose as placebo in a double-blind setting. Neurological and physical examinations, blood and urine analysis, ECG... | No reliable conclusions can be drawn at present regarding the efficacy of cannabinoids as a treatment for epilepsy. The dose of 200 to 300 mg daily of cannabidiol was safely administered to small numbers of patients, for generally short periods of time, and so the safety of long term cannabidiol treatment cannot be reliably assessed. |
CD001213 | [
"8219661"
] | [
"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of n-3 fatty acid based lipid infusion in acute, extended guttate psoriasis. Rapid improvement of clinical manifestations and changes in neutrophil leukotriene profile."
] | [
"Twenty patients hospitalized for acute psoriasis guttata with a minimum 10% of body surface area involvement (range 10-90%) completed a 10-day trial in which they were randomly allocated to receive daily infusions with either an n-3 fatty acid based lipid emulsion [100 ml/day with 2.1 g eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and ... | There is currently no firm evidence on which to base treatment of acute guttate psoriasis. Studies comparing standard treatment modalities, including phototherapy and topical regimens, are required to enable informed decisions on treatment choices to be made. |
CD006842 | [
"10024754",
"15635998",
"7675553",
"11093342",
"11093341",
"7478782",
"12004158",
"9792567",
"16305267",
"12556258",
"9674466",
"9701429",
"19703826",
"8905888",
"11391327",
"2390665",
"11596162",
"7809441",
"10497374",
"7921452",
"14679493"
] | [
"Effects of the flutter device on pulmonary function studies among pediatric cystic fibrosis patients.",
"Comparison of expectorated sputum after manual chest physical therapy and high-frequency chest compression.",
"Short-term effects of three chest physiotherapy regimens in patients hospitalized for pulmonary... | [
"Previous studies have shown that the Scandipharm Flutter airway clearance device has increased the ability of cystic fibrosis patients to expectorate mucus. Studies that show the effects of the Flutter on pulmonary function among the pediatric cystic fibrosis patients are limited. Thus, we embarked on a study to a... | There was no clear evidence that oscillation was a more or less effective intervention overall than other forms of physiotherapy. More adequately-powered long-term randomised controlled trials are necessary. |
CD003651 | [
"12181464",
"11273219"
] | [
"15 Month follow up of African children following vaginal cleansing with benzalkonium chloride of their HIV infected mothers during late pregnancy and delivery.",
"Vaginal lavage with chlorhexidine during labour to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission: clinical trial in Mombasa, Kenya."
] | [
"To study mother to child HIV-1 transmission (MTCT) and infant mortality following benzalkonium chloride (BC) disinfection.\n A randomised, double blind phase II placebo controlled trial. Women testing positive for HIV-1 infection in prenatal care units in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, and Bobo-Dioulasso, ... | Currently, there is no evidence of an effect of vaginal disinfection on the risk of MTCT of HIV. Given its simplicity and low cost, there is need for a large well-designed and well-conducted randomised controlled trial to assess the additive effect of vaginal disinfection on the risk of MTCT of HIV in antiretroviral treated women. |
CD006745 | [
"9425919",
"12889565",
"15973099",
"16009687"
] | [
"Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing percutaneous acetic acid injection and percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma.",
"Comparison of percutaneous acetic acid injection and percutaneous ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: a prospective stud... | [
"To assess whether ultrasound-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection is superior to percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 60 patients with one to four HCCs smaller than 3 cm were entered onto a randomized controlled trial. Thirty-one and 29 patients, respectivel... | PEI and PAI do not differ significantly regarding benefits and harms in patients with early HCC, but only a limited number of patients have been examined and the risk of bias was high in all trials. There is also insufficient evidence to determine whether PEI or segmental liver resection is more effective. While some data from the single trial suggested that PEI was safer, the high risk of bias and the lack of any confirmatory evidence make an assessment impossible. |
CD000299 | [
"8150348",
"7047267",
"2007362",
"8147352",
"6363219"
] | [
"Controlled trial of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy for two years in Crohn's disease.",
"Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine therapy in Crohn's disease.",
"Controlled trial of antimycobacterial therapy in Crohn's disease. Clofazimine versus placebo.",
"Antimycobacterial therapy in Crohn's disease: results of a controll... | [
"One hundred and thirty patients with active symptoms of Crohn's disease were treated in a double blind randomised controlled trial with rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol, or identical placebos for up to two years. All other treatment considered necessary was continued. Analyses were based on 126 patients, 63 i... | Anti-tuberculous therapy may be effective in maintaining remission in patients with Crohn's disease when remission has been induced with corticosteroids combined with anti-tuberculous therapy. However, the results which support this conclusion come from a subgroup of only two trials with small numbers of patients and should be interpreted with caution. Use of this therapy cannot be recommended on the basis of this evidence. |
CD007893 | [
"8948303",
"8564089",
"1677063",
"7594425",
"7589392",
"3169499",
"9832182",
"1970370",
"2193613",
"3281603",
"9468460",
"2676910",
"1986287",
"10964582",
"8215491",
"8007592"
] | [
"Adding low-dose cyclosporin A to parenteral gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.",
"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of cyclosporin A as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in corticosteroid-dependent asthma.",
"Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin... | [
"A double-blind, randomized comparison between parenteral gold therapy (PGT) and cyclosporin A (CyA) vs PGT and placebo during 6 months was performed in 40 RA patients experiencing a decreasing effect of ongoing PGT. Patients' overall assessment of health was the only efficacy variable significantly better in the C... | Cyclosporine statistically significantly increases blood pressure compared to placebo in a dose-related fashion. The magnitude of increase in blood pressure is clinically significant and increases the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other adverse cardiovascular events associated with elevated BP. Consequently prescribers should try to find the lowest effective dose in all patients receiving cyclosporine chronically. |
CD000066 | [
"19793585",
"3305229",
"21742284",
"18715434",
"1609525"
] | [
"Prevention of striae gravidarum with cocoa butter cream.",
"[Effectiveness of Alphastria cream in the prevention of pregnancy stretch marks (striae distensae). Results of a double-blind study].",
"Effects of olive oil on striae gravidarum in the second trimester of pregnancy.",
"Cocoa butter lotion for preve... | [
"To determine whether cocoa butter cream is effective in preventing striae gravidarum.\n This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 300 pregnant women: 150 women received cocoa butter cream and 150 women received a placebo cream. The women were followed-up from 16 weeks of pregn... | We found no high-quality evidence to support the use of any of the topical preparations in the prevention of stretch marks during pregnancy. There is a clear need for robust, methodologically rigorous randomised trials involving larger sample sizes to evaluate the effects of topical preparations on the development of stretch marks in pregnancy. In addition, it is important that preparations commonly used by women to prevent and treat stretch marks are evaluated within the context of robust, methodologically rigorous and adequately powered randomised trials. |
CD009009 | [
"3711252",
"4569090",
"19664653",
"3797397",
"12100779",
"1256483",
"4723642",
"3903732",
"4669179",
"9602398",
"7112052",
"594708",
"3720755",
"608798"
] | [
"Multiphasic Health Checkup Evaluation: a 16-year follow-up.",
"Social research problems in studies involving multiphasic health testing.",
"Five years of lifestyle intervention improved self-reported mental and physical health in a general population: the Inter99 study.",
"Systematic risk factor screening an... | [
"The Multiphasic Health Checkup Evaluation Study, a long-term clinical trial, has been completed. A study group of 5156 men and women age 35-54 at entry was urged to have annual multiphasic health checkups (MHCs) for 16 years. A control group of 5557 comparable subjects was not so urged but was followed up in a com... | General health checks did not reduce morbidity or mortality, neither overall nor for cardiovascular or cancer causes, although the number of new diagnoses was increased. Important harmful outcomes, such as the number of follow-up diagnostic procedures or short term psychological effects, were often not studied or reported and many trials had methodological problems. With the large number of participants and deaths included, the long follow-up periods used, and considering that cardiovascular and cancer mortality were not reduced, general health checks are unlikely to be beneficial. |
CD008613 | [
"14686958"
] | [
"Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with diabetes."
] | [
"Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women improves menopausal symptoms, decreases the incidence of osteoporotic fracture, but the effects on cardiovascular risk factors remain controversial.\n To test the hypothesis that HRT may have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular risk prof... | There is a lack of evidence around the use of HRT in women with type 1 diabetes. The one study that has been undertaken in this area is underpowered. More RCTs are required in the area to examine the impact of HRT on glycaemic control and cardiovascular outcomes. |
CD006286 | [
"17533178",
"18179756",
"20430451",
"23119911",
"7862473",
"12612277"
] | [
"The role of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy in the pediatric age group: preliminary results of a prospective, randomized study.",
"Intranasal flunisolide treatment in children with adenoidal hypertrophy.",
"Medical treatment of adenoid hypertrophy with \"flutica... | [
"We evaluated the efficacy of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray in decreasing adenoid size and reducing the severity of chronic nasal obstruction symptoms in children affected by adenoidal hypertrophy.\n Sixty children were recruited in a 2-stage, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. All patien... | Current evidence suggests that intranasal corticosteroids may significantly improve nasal obstruction symptoms in children with moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy, and this improvement may be associated with a reduction in adenoid size. The long-term efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids in these patients remains to be defined. |
CD000175 | [
"8957980",
"9793807",
"15321453",
"719463",
"10992845"
] | [
"Normal saline i.v. fluid load decreases uterine activity in active labour.",
"An intravenous fluid bolus is not necessary before administration of intrathecal fentanyl for labor analgesia.",
"A randomised controlled trial of fluid pre-loading before low dose epidural analgesia for labour.",
"Fluid loading to... | [
"This study was designed to observe the effects of i.v. fluid infusion on uterine activity during normal labour in women receiving an extradural block. Thirty-four women in spontaneous labour at term gestation were allocated randomly and prospectively to one of three i.v. pre-extradural fluid load groups: group A, ... | Preloading prior to traditional high-dose local anaesthetic blocks may have some beneficial fetal and maternal effects in healthy women. Low-dose epidural and CSE analgesia techniques may reduce the need for preloading. The studies reviewed were too small to show whether preloading is beneficial for women having regional analgesia during labour using the lower-dose local anaesthetics or opioids. Further investigation of low-dose epidural or CSE (including opioid only) blocks, and the risks and benefits of intravenous preloading for women with pregnancy complications, is required.
[Note: The five citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of the review once assessed.] |
CD000057 | [
"2204251",
"2707458",
"6874307",
"8299789",
"2245833"
] | [
"Clomiphene treatment for women with unexplained infertility: placebo-controlled study of hormonal responses and conception rates.",
"Unexplained infertility: evaluation of treatment with clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin.",
"The use of clomiphene citrate with and without human chorionic gonad... | [
"One hundred and eighteen patients with unexplained infertility were treated with clomiphene (Clomid, Merrell) in a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study lasting up to 3 months with each preparation. Compared with placebo, clomiphene led overall to a 66% increase in mid-luteal serum progesterone levels (fr... | There is no evidence of clinical benefit of clomiphene citrate for unexplained fertility. When making this treatment choice, potential side effects should be discussed. These include the increased risk of multiple pregnancy and the concern that use for more that 12 cycles has been associated with a three-fold increase in risk of ovarian cancer. |
CD004510 | [
"10129817",
"2258519",
"8871430",
"3740576",
"2783580",
"8115218",
"9780943",
"12389880",
"10645116",
"11911726",
"11220797",
"10685300",
"2276106",
"8458295",
"11790365",
"3199913",
"11606877",
"8584545",
"7986761",
"10595053",
"11889278",
"1849343",
"11998122",
"11111... | [
"Patient callback program: a quality improvement, customer service, and marketing tool.",
"Self-efficacy and activity level following cardiac surgery.",
"Telephone follow-up after discharge from the hospital: does it make a difference?",
"The effectiveness of an organized emergency department follow-up system... | [
"The authors developed, implemented, and evaluated a callback program in which hospital patients are contacted three weeks after discharge to resolve clinical or service concerns. Of the more than 2,000 patients contacted during the initial pilot test, 6% said they had a clinical concern and were promptly directed ... | The low methodological quality of the included studies means that results must be considered with caution. No adverse effects were reported. Nevertheless, although some studies find that the intervention had favourable effects for some outcomes, overall the studies show clinically-equivalent results between TFU and control groups. In summary, we cannot conclude that TFU is an effective intervention. |
CD000987 | [
"14014673"
] | [
"Treatment of intermittent claudication. A reappraisal of the value of alpha-tocopherol."
] | [
"nan"
] | While vitamin E - which is inexpensive and has had no serious side effects reported with its use - may have beneficial effects, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether it is an effective treatment for intermittent claudication. |
CD002777 | [
"1941406",
"8229541",
"1403448",
"8433883",
"3712166",
"2783352",
"6866590",
"7200723"
] | [
"Fat absorption in premature infants: medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides are absorbed from formula at similar rates.",
"Gastrointestinal tolerance, fat absorption, plasma ketone and urinary dicarboxylic acid levels in low-birth-weight infants fed different amounts of medium-chain triglyceride... | [
"Fat absorption from two different premature infant formulas and one full-term formula containing three different fat blends was investigated in two groups of premature infants. The first group of nine infants (gestational age, 29.1 +/- 0.88 weeks; postnatal age, 3.13 +/- 0.71 weeks) was fed alternately for 1 week ... | There is no evidence of difference between MCT and LCT on short-term growth, gastrointestinal intolerance, or necrotizing enterocolitis. Therefore, neither formula type could be concluded to improve short-term growth or have less adverse effects. Further studies are necessary because the results from the included eight studies are imprecise due to small numbers and do not address important long-term outcomes. Additional research should aim to clarify effects on formula tolerance and on long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes, and include larger study populations to better evaluate effect on NEC incidence. |
CD007594 | [
"9059203",
"2468978",
"12969111",
"6190466",
"18184958",
"10608543",
"10890478",
"14725484",
"16115963",
"16790652",
"6184023",
"17893629",
"17054812",
"18305082",
"11273914",
"18492315",
"19050085",
"10215706",
"9512946",
"12665995",
"11132743",
"18540460",
"8961992",
... | [
"Use of modified fluid gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch for colloidal volume replacement in major orthopaedic surgery.",
"A randomized clinical trial of 10% pentastarch (low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch) versus 5% albumin for plasma volume expansion after cardiac operations.",
"Equivalence of hydroxyethy... | [
"We have compared 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 200/0.5) with 3% modified fluid gelatin (MFG) for volume replacement in major orthopaedic surgery and studied the effects on haemodynamic state, colloid osmotic pressure, blood clotting and plasma homeostasis. Using a controlled, randomized, single-blind clinical design... | Potential for increased risk of AKI should be considered when weighing the risks and benefits of HES for volume resuscitation, particularly in septic patients. Large studies with adequate follow-up are required to evaluate the renal safety of HES products in non-septic patient populations. RIFLE criteria should be applied to evaluate kidney function in future studies of HES and, where data is available, to re-analyse those studies already published. There is inadequate clinical data to address the claim that safety differences exist between different HES products. |
CD004963 | [
"10522954",
"17397426",
"18068829",
"15851825",
"9862288",
"1466871",
"12585781",
"18996012",
"18511529",
"21058209",
"19011727",
"7560695",
"20956842",
"17950944",
"15539049",
"19903272",
"19039291",
"17074485",
"8438659",
"19620913",
"12588571",
"11777093",
"8617907",
... | [
"Once-weekly resistance exercise improves muscle strength and neuromuscular performance in older adults.",
"A randomized, controlled trial of fall prevention programs and quality of life in older fallers.",
"A randomized controlled trial of Turkish folklore dance on the physical performance, balance, depression... | [
"To determine the effect of frequency of resistive training on gain in muscle strength and neuromuscular performance in healthy older adults.\n A randomized controlled trial with subjects assigned either to high-intensity resistance training 1 (EX1), 2 (EX2), or 3 (EX3) days per week for 24 weeks or ... | There is weak evidence that some types of exercise (gait, balance, co-ordination and functional tasks; strengthening exercise; 3D exercise and multiple exercise types) are moderately effective, immediately post intervention, in improving clinical balance outcomes in older people. Such interventions are probably safe. There is either no or insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions for general physical activity (walking or cycling) and exercise involving computerised balance programmes or vibration plates. Further high methodological quality research using core outcome measures and adequate surveillance is required. |
CD001497 | [
"8068791",
"10191811",
"8991749",
"9591206",
"10190639",
"8952440",
"9618623",
"9618624",
"10841587",
"1956106",
"9470264",
"8012922",
"17804046",
"1956104",
"2908999",
"9618035",
"14572438",
"8926225",
"11676378",
"9629818",
"9702146",
"1594748",
"1503160",
"9321533"
] | [
"Effects of publicity and a warning letter on illegal cigarette sales to minors.",
"Larimer County Tobacco and Youth Project.",
"Changes among retailers selling cigarettes to minors.",
"Accessibility of cigarettes to minors in suburban Cook County, Illinois.",
"The relationship between tobacco access and us... | [
"The study aimed to assess rates of illegal cigarette sales to children and the impact on these rates of publicity and a warning letter threatening prosecution. Children aged 12 and 13 made two repeat purchasing attempts, three months apart, at 255 randomly selected tobacco retail outlets in Sydney. A randomly sele... | Interventions with retailers can lead to large decreases in the number of outlets selling tobacco to youths. However, few of the communities studied in this review achieved sustained levels of high compliance. This may explain why there is limited evidence for an effect of intervention on youth perception of ease of access to tobacco, and on smoking behaviour. |
CD005997 | [
"10515676"
] | [
"Comparison of transdermal estradiol and tibolone for the treatment of oophorectomized women with deep residual endometriosis."
] | [
"To compare the effect of HRT with transdermal estradiol and that of treatment with tibolone in post-menopausal women with residual endometriosis.\n 21 women with residual pelvic endometriosis after bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy were enrolled in the study and were randomized to ... | Hormone replacement therapy for women with endometriosis in post-surgical menopause could result in pain and disease recurrence. However, the evidence in the literature is not strong enough to suggest depriving severely symptomatic patients from this treatment. There is a need for more randomised controlled studies. |
CD005543 | [
"12850603",
"15467557"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of prophylactic maneuvers to reduce head-to-body delivery time in patients at risk for shoulder dystocia.",
"Randomized trial of McRoberts versus lithotomy positioning to decrease the force that is applied to the fetus during delivery."
] | [
"To assess whether prophylactic use of the McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure decreased the head-to-body time, as a proxy for shoulder dystocia, in at-risk patients.\n Patients with estimated fetal weights over 3800 g were randomized to undergo the McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure b... | There are no clear findings to support or refute the use of prophylactic manoeuvres to prevent shoulder dystocia, although one study showed an increased rate of caesareans in the prophylactic group. Both included studies failed to address important maternal outcomes such as maternal injury, psychological outcomes and satisfaction with birth. Due to the low incidence of shoulder dystocia, trials with larger sample sizes investigating the use of such manoeuvres are required. |
CD007107 | [
"11720426",
"10382902"
] | [
"A three-arm phase III randomised trial assessing, in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer, accelerated chemotherapy with support of haematological growth factor or oral antibiotics.",
"Prevention of febrile leucopenia after chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients: no significant differ... | [
"The European Lung Cancer Working Party (ELCWP) designed a 3-arm phase III randomised trial to determine the role of accelerated chemotherapy in extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Eligible patients were randomised between the 3 following arms: (A) Standard chemotherapy with 6 courses of EVI (epir... | There is no evidence for or against antibiotics compared to G(M)-CSFs for the prevention of infections in cancer patients. |
CD005077 | [
"15122134",
"16735589",
"11307071"
] | [
"Arthroscopic versus open treatment of Bankart lesion of the shoulder: a prospective randomized study.",
"Arthroscopic versus open shoulder stabilization for recurrent anterior instability: a prospective randomized clinical trial.",
"Comparison of an arthroscopic and an open procedure for posttraumatic instabil... | [
"The purpose of this study was to compare the results of arthroscopic and open repair of isolated Bankart lesions of the shoulder using metallic suture anchors.\n Prospective randomized clinical study.\n Sixty patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability underwent a surgical r... | There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials comparing arthroscopic with open surgery for treating anterior shoulder instability. Further research is needed on this subject and for other surgical interventions. Sufficiently powered, good quality, well reported randomised controlled trials with validated outcome measures and long-term follow up are required. |
CD003006 | [
"8519711",
"12594142",
"9523804",
"11159241",
"9523803",
"11394516",
"11167171",
"17377114",
"11012500",
"10834773",
"9698950",
"10757577",
"10714841",
"9523805",
"11159240",
"8669677"
] | [
"Hyperosmolarity does not contribute to transient radicular irritation after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lidocaine.",
"Urinary bladder scanning after day-case arthroscopy under spinal anaesthesia: comparison between lidocaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine.",
"Incidence of transient neurologic sympt... | [
"In addition to major neurologic injury, local anesthesia toxicity may also include less severe but more common neurologic side effects. The authors recently observed symptoms suggestive of transient radicular irritation in one third of patients after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lidocaine, whereas evidence... | The risk of developing TNS after spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine was significantly higher than when bupivacaine, prilocaine, or procaine were used. The term 'transient neurological symptoms' implies neurologic pathology. Failing identification of the pathogenesis of TNS, consideration should be given to choosing a neutral descriptive term which does not imply a particular causation. One study about the impact of TNS on patient satisfaction and functional impairment demonstrated that non-TNS patients were more satisfied and had less functional impairment after surgery than TNS patients, but this did not influence their willingness to recommend spinal anaesthesia. |
CD004872 | [
"15084807",
"8858671",
"12075761",
"8849215",
"14732316",
"9006528",
"8396102",
"11484451",
"8922571",
"7603811",
"12075760",
"15361727",
"8878223"
] | [
"Streptococcal-A tonsillopharyngitis: a 5-day course of cefuroxime axetil versus a 10-day course of penicillin V. results depending on the children's age.",
"Six-day amoxicillin vs. ten-day penicillin V therapy for group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.",
"Azithromycin versus penicillin V for treatment of a... | [
"The recommended duration of antibiotic treatment of tonsillopharyngitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) with penicillin V (PenV) is mostly 10 days. However, compliance with 10-day courses is bad. Shorter therapeutic courses are necessary, especially in young children.\n In a pr... | Three to six days of oral antibiotics had comparable efficacy compared to the standard duration 10-day course of oral penicillin in treating children with acute GABHS pharyngitis. . In areas where the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease is still high, our results must be interpreted with caution. |
CD003037 | [
"11756368",
"7868693",
"6378516",
"15504379"
] | [
"A randomized comparison of medical abortion and surgical vacuum aspiration at 10-13 weeks gestation.",
"A comparison of medical abortion (using mifepristone and gemeprost) with surgical vacuum aspiration: efficacy and early medical sequelae.",
"Randomized comparison of prostaglandin treatment in hospital or at... | [
"Since 1991, mifepristone in combination with a prostaglandin analogue has been licensed for termination of pregnancy in the UK at up to 9 weeks amenorrhoea, and since 1995, beyond 13 weeks. Surgical methods are used almost exclusively at 10-13 weeks amenorrhoea.\n A patient-centred, partially random... | The results are derived from relatively small trials. Prostaglandins used alone seems to be less effective and more painful compared to surgical first-trimester abortion. However, there is inadequate evidence to comment on the acceptability and side effects of medical compared to surgical first-trimester abortions. There is a need for trials to address the efficacy of currently used methods and women's preferences more reliably. |
CD006266 | [
"10549990",
"1326902",
"17611081",
"2571021",
"17613965",
"17165363",
"11825860",
"12681528",
"18434189"
] | [
"Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a randomized comparative study versus benzodiazepine.",
"gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a double-blind study.",
"Comparing and combining gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and naltrexone in maintain... | [
"Benzodiazepine has been shown to be one of the most effective class of drugs in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has recently been introduced in the treatment of alcohol problems, including AWS. At present there are no comparative studies between benzodiazepines ... | There is insufficient randomised evidence to be confident of a difference between GHB and placebo, or to determine reliably if GHB is more or less effective than other drugs for the treatment of alcohol withdrawl or the prevention of relapses. The small amount of randomised evidence available suggests that GHB 50mg may be more effective than placebo in the treatment of AWS, and in preventing relapses and craving in previously detoxified alcoholics during the first 3 months of follow-up. This review does not provide evidence in favour or against GHB compared to benzodiazepines and Clomethiazole for treatment of AWS; but, again based on a small amount of randomised evidence, GHB appears better than NTX and Disulfiram in maintaining abstinence and preventing craving in the medium term (3 to 12 months). The review does not provide evidence of a difference in side effects between GHB and benzodiazepines, NTX or Disulfiram. These findings should be considered alongside concerns that have been raised about GHB regarding the risk of developing addiction, and the misuse or abuse of the drug, suggesting to use GHB only under strict medical surveillance. |
CD003539 | [
"9373814",
"10227321",
"11433046",
"6726669",
"11159657",
"6891147",
"1917265",
"12032887",
"11255901",
"10024260",
"11555220",
"11158489",
"10671912",
"11978257",
"8676185",
"11978254",
"9250845",
"10478162",
"10980076",
"8737434",
"11485132",
"8737437",
"10465325",
"1... | [
"Improving the prescribing of antibiotics for urinary tract infection.",
"Decreasing antibiotic use in ambulatory practice: impact of a multidimensional intervention on the treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis in adults.",
"Reducing antibiotic use in children: a randomized trial in 12 practices.",
"Pre... | [
"In recent years there have been changes in the recommended antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs). In particular, the use of amoxycillin or co-trimoxazole is now discouraged, with amoxycillin-potassium clavulanate, cephalexin and trimethoprim becoming first-line agents for uncomplicated lower UTI... | The effectiveness of an intervention on antibiotic prescribing depends to a large degree on the particular prescribing behaviour and the barriers to change in the particular community. No single intervention can be recommended for all behaviours in any setting. Multi-faceted interventions where educational interventions occur on many levels may be successfully applied to communities after addressing local barriers to change. These were the only interventions with effect sizes of sufficient magnitude to potentially reduce the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Future research should focus on which elements of these interventions are the most effective. In addition, patient-based interventions and physician reminders show promise and innovative methods such as these deserve further study. |
CD008101 | [
"20696865",
"21294770",
"20711715",
"12728068",
"11158450",
"16570235",
"16801571",
"16787523",
"19767384",
"19425875",
"17130215",
"19132857",
"12663589",
"15595336",
"20587585",
"21335621",
"18715214",
"19560388",
"19396424"
] | [
"Quality-of-life measures in children and adults with type 1 diabetes: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring randomized trial.",
"Sensor-augmented pump therapy lowers HbA(1c) in suboptimally controlled Type 1 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial.",
"Sensor-augmented pump therapy... | [
"To evaluate the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on quality of life (QOL) among individuals with type 1 diabetes.\n In a multicenter trial, 451 children and adults with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to CGM treatment or the control group. Generic and diabetes-specific QOL questi... | There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in children, adults and patients with poorly controlled diabetes. The largest improvements in glycaemic control were seen for sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in patients with poorly controlled diabetes who had not used an insulin pump before. The risk of severe hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis was not significantly increased for CGM users, but as these events occurred infrequent these results have to be interpreted cautiously.There are indications that higher compliance of wearing the CGM device improves glycosylated haemoglobin A1c level (HbA1c) to a larger extent. |
CD000493 | [
"8171288",
"6706301",
"16317669",
"12585148",
"9453428",
"8855091",
"2083923",
"2050326",
"14687046",
"22695903",
"16143129",
"15143715",
"16965225",
"20073212",
"8841797",
"10746839",
"9853771"
] | [
"Treatment of cholestasis of pregnancy with peroral activated charcoal. A preliminary study.",
"Reversal of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in women after high dose S-adenosyl-L-methionine administration.",
"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial comparing dexamethasone and u... | [
"Elevated serum bile acid levels may play a role in the symptoms associated with cholestasis of pregnancy. Nineteen women (20 pregnancies) with cholestasis of pregnancy were randomized to receive either activated peroral charcoal (9 women, 10 pregnancies) with a dose of 50 g 3 times a day for 8 days or only normal ... | Different approaches to assessing and reporting pruritus precluded pooling of trials comparing the effects of UDCA versus placebo on pruritus, but examination of individual trials suggests that UDCA significantly improves pruritus, albeit by a small amount. Fewer instances of fetal distress/asphyxial events were seen in the UDCA groups when compared with placebo but the difference was not statistically significant. Large trials of UDCA to determine fetal benefits or risks are needed.
A single trial was too small to rule in or out a clinically important effect of early term delivery on caesarean section.
There is insufficient evidence to indicate that SAMe, guar gum, activated charcoal, dexamethasone, cholestyramine, Salvia, Yinchenghao decoction (YCHD), Danxioling and Yiganling, or Yiganling alone or in combination are effective in treating women with cholestasis of pregnancy. |
CD006897 | [
"11243949"
] | [
"Systemic glucocorticoids in severe exacerbations of COPD."
] | [
"This study aimed to compare the efficacies of 3-day and 10-day courses of methylprednisolone (MP) treatment in severe COPD exacerbations necessitating hospitalization for respiratory failure.\n Prospective, randomized, single-blind study.\n Tertiary-care center.\n Thirt... | We based assessment of the efficacy of short (seven days or less) compared to longer duration (more than seven days) systemic corticosteroid therapy for acute exacerbations of COPD in this review on four of the seven included studies for which data were available. Two studies were fully published and two were published as conference abstracts but trialists were able to supply data requested for the review.
The finding in this review that there is no significant increase in treatment failure with shorter systemic corticosteroid treatment for seven days or less for acute exacerbations of COPD, does not give conclusive evidence to recommend change in clinical practice due to a wide confidence interval around the estimate of effect. The four studies which contributed to the meta-analysis were of relatively low quality and five of the seven studies were not published as full articles. Thus there are insufficient data to allow firm conclusions concerning the optimal duration of corticosteroid therapy of acute exacerbations of COPD to be drawn. |
CD002769 | [
"17005060",
"10049988",
"11208637",
"14514944",
"9311492",
"17675317"
] | [
"Chest physiotherapy with positive airway pressure: a pilot study of short-term effects on sputum clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis and severe airway obstruction.",
"Chest physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis: improved tolerance with nasal pressure support ventilation.",
"Low-flow oxygen and bilevel ventil... | [
"The periodic administration of positive airway pressure combined with directed cough could aid mucus clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and severe airway obstruction.\n To compare the short-term effect of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) physiotherapy via mask (mask PEP), continuous p... | Non-invasive ventilation may be a useful adjunct to other airway clearance techniques, particularly in people with cystic fibrosis who have difficulty expectorating sputum. Non-invasive ventilation, used in addition to oxygen, may improve gas exchange during sleep to a greater extent than oxygen therapy alone in moderate to severe disease. These benefits of non-invasive ventilation have largely been demonstrated in single treatment sessions with small numbers of participants. The impact of this therapy on pulmonary exacerbations and disease progression remain unclear. There is a need for long-term randomised controlled trials which are adequately powered to determine the clinical effects of non-invasive ventilation in cystic fibrosis airway clearance and exercise. |
CD004305 | [
"17034446",
"18852400",
"12634020",
"10326267",
"1908080",
"16838818",
"11387540",
"9725926",
"12442851",
"18783459",
"17297068"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of reimbursing the costs of smoking cessation therapy on sustained abstinence.",
"A randomized trial of a pay-for-performance program targeting clinician referral to a state tobacco quitline.",
"The impact of financial incentives and a patient registry on pre... | [
"We studied whether reimbursement for smoking cessation treatment (SCT) can increase prolonged abstinence from smoking up to 2 years. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: From the general population, we recruited smokers and assigned them randomly to a control group (n = 634) or an intervention group (n = 632). For 6 ... | Full financial interventions directed at smokers when compared to no financial interventions increase the proportion of smokers who attempt to quit, use smoking cessation treatments, and succeed in quitting. The absolute differences are small but the costs per additional quitter are low to moderate. We did not detect an effect on smoking cessation from financial incentives directed at healthcare providers. The methodological qualities of the included studies need to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results. |
CD004782 | [
"18241647",
"17352868"
] | [
"[A multiple center, randomized, controlled, double-blinded and double-dummy trial of Yiqing Shuangjie Capsule and Tablet in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection with the syndrome of heat attacking the lung and Weifen].",
"[A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of Chaige Qingre Granule in treati... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yiqing Shuangjie Capsule and Tablet in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection with wind-warm syndrome.\n The multiple center, double-blinded, double-dummy and randomized controlled method was conducted. Three hundred and sixty patients were randomly d... | Chinese herbal medicines may shorten the symptomatic phase in patients with the common cold. However, the lack of trials of low enough risk of bias, or using a placebo or a drug clearly identified as a control, means that we are uncertain enough to be unable to recommend any kind of Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold. |
CD003218 | [
"9106123",
"19808135",
"12499477",
"12798791",
"17285226"
] | [
"Selegiline in the treatment of hypersomnolence in myotonic dystrophy: a pilot study.",
"Modafinil for the treatment of hypersomnia associated with myotonic muscular dystrophy in adults: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week trial.",
"Modafinil reduces excessive somnol... | [
"Patients with myotonic dystrophy frequently complain of hypersomnolence, a symptom which seriously restricts their social life. The pathogenesis of this symptom is a matter of debate: it has been attributed to both alveolar hypoventilation and pathological changes in the brainstem. As selegiline has been shown to ... | There is low quality evidence from two small trials that psychostimulants do not significantly improve the maintenance of wakefulness test in myotonic dystrophy. There is low quality evidence from four studies that modafinil significantly improves the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. More randomized trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of psychostimulants. |
CD003196 | [
"10807488"
] | [
"A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Divalproex Maintenance Study Group."
] | [
"Long-term outcomes are often poor in patients with bipolar disorder despite treatment; more effective treatments are needed to reduce recurrences and morbidity. This study compared the efficacy of divalproex, lithium, and placebo as prophylactic therapy.\n A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group ... | In view of the equivocal findings of this review, conclusions about the efficacy and acceptability of valproate compared to placebo and lithium cannot be made with any degree of confidence. With current evidence, patients and clinicians would probably wish to use lithium before valproate for maintenance treatment. At present, the observed shift of prescribing practice to valproate is not based on reliable evidence of efficacy |
CD001898 | [
"12142596",
"17000077",
"14534844",
"14974959",
"11189545",
"12625392"
] | [
"Interim analysis of a prospective, randomized trial of vacuum-assisted closure versus the healthpoint system in the management of pressure ulcers.",
"State-of-the-art treatment of chronic leg ulcers: A randomized controlled trial comparing vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.) with modern wound dressings.",
"A pros... | [
"Twenty-eight patients with 41 full-thickness decubitus ulcers were randomized to compare the Vacuum-Assisted Closure device (VAC) with the Healthpoint System (HP) of wound gel products in promoting ulcer healing. A total of 22 patients with 35 full-thickness ulcers completed the 6-week trial of treatment, during w... | Trials comparing TNP with alternative treatments for chronic wounds have methodological flaws and data do demonstrate a beneficial effect of TNP on wound healing however more, better quality research is needed. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.