afterlife, a new or continued or transformed existence after death, belief in which has been found in virtually all cultures and civilizations.


The Aftonian deposits consist of ancient soil profiles that may also include peat and windblown deposits.


Afro-Shirazi, also known as SHIRAZI, African tribe in Tanzania.


At its foundation, most of the city's natural hinterland was occupied by collective or cooperative settlements.


Study of fossil invertebrates in some regions indicates that the Aftonian climate was warmer and drier than that of today.


instantaneously accompanying such impressions.


Not all dream prophecies are so readily accepted.


Dreams as extensions of the waking state.


Among pre-Islamic peoples dream divination so


In a drought-scourged country town, a charismatic local priest guns down five men.


Eventually, von Schuschnigg caved in and signed an agreement which paved the way for the Nazi takeover of Austria.


When Ann Wroe wanted to write a biography of St Francis of Assisi, she decided it was a life best expressed in poetry.


So often, history is about the consequences of mistakes by the weak and fallible.


The young woman, a trainee pharmacist whose name is Ndali,


They met at the Berghof, Hitler's mansion high in the Bavarian Alps.


But we always fall in the same way, in a mixture of ridicule and dread.


world; about what the powerful do to the weak, and how a man can be expected to endure only so much before he begins to want to inflict the same torments on those who have hurt him.


As he underlines repeatedly, the Nazis were bluffing almost all the way up to the outbreak of hostilities.


Knowlton, N., Weigt, L.A., 1998. New dates and new rates for divergence across the Isthmus of Panama.


Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 265, 2257-2263.


Hey, J., 2005. On the number of New World founders: A population genetic portrait of the peopling of the Americas.


Jordan, D.S., 1905. The origin of species through isolation.


True-crime series looks at murders in 80s Oklahoma.


Elena Ferrante's novel about growing up in 50s Naples brought vividly to life.


Rachel Brosnahan returns in a triumphant second season of the witty dramedy.


Billy, might wonder where the sweetness lay.


Following Christmas Eve's Big Fat Quiz Of The Year, celebrity question-setters Jon Snow and Charles Dance (among others) tickle the much wider general knowledge of Sandi Toksvig - her Ql training coming in handy here - Joe Lycett, Katherine Ryan, David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and Big Narstie.


A sweet domestic comedy from the makers of the sitcom Outnumbered, viewed from the children's focus but involving the divorce of parents Rosamund Pike and David Tennant and death of granddad Billy Connolly.


Darwin, C., 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.


Ellegaard, K.M., Klasson, L., Naslund, K., Bourtzis, K., Andersson, S.G., 2013. Comparative genomics of Wolbachia and the bacterial species concept.


Kopac, S., Cohan, F.M., 2011. A theory-based pragmatism for discovering and classifying newly divergent bacterial species.


Rainey, P.B., Travisano, M., 1998. Adaptive radiation in a heterogeneous environment.


Malmstrom, R.R., Rodrigue, S., Huang, K.H., et al., 2013. Ecology of uncultured Prochlorococcus clades revealed through single-cell genomics and biogeographic analysis.


Mayr, E., 1942. Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist.


In 1853 there was, in fact, a disputed balance-sheet.


Without counting the armed men in a fortified city of 200,000 inhabitants, were almost every man was armed, Hyderabad was full of those turbulent mercenaries whom our Government, as they, of course, were well aware, was urging the Nizam to disband.


If he had produced the cash that was demanded in 1853, when similar pressure was applied, he would have avoided the sequestration of his districts.


The balance of 430,000l. which was demanded was made out by debiting the Nizam with cash payments from our Treasury for the Hyderabad Contingent, while refusing to credit him with sums due to him by our Government on other accounts.


We have seen Lord Dalhousie representing to the Nizam that the Hyderabad State was bound to maintain the Contingent 'by the stipulations of existing treaties,' and I have said that this representation was erroneous.


Their leaders would certainly have taken every advantage of Mussulman fanaticism and general excitement to have one last desparing struggle before they submitted to the loss of their homes, and of all thas they possessed.


In 1851 the Governor-General insists that the efficient maintenance of the Force is a duty imposed on the Government of Hyderabad by the stipulations of existing treaties; and again, that it is 'necessary to fulfil the obligation of treaties.'


No plea of set-off was listened to, and a distress was put in, embittered by terms of menace and insult.


If the Nizam were unable to meet the call on his treasury, he must 'forthwith make over' to the British Government certain frontier districts of his territory enumerated in a schedule annexed to this letter.


It is characteristic of later Judaism that an arbitrary exegesis transformed the above anticipation of the doctrine of marriage laid down


in the gospel into an express sanction of the right of the husband to


The Sun of Righteousness shall shine forth on those that fear


Yahweh's name; they shall go forth with joy, and tread the


His messenger to prepare His way before Him. The prophet


Elijah must reappear to bring back the hearts of fathers and


LITERATURE. Nowack, Die kleinen Propheten (1897; 2nd ed.,


1904); Wellhausen, id. (iii. 1898); G. A Smith, The Book of the


the people bound by marriage to heathen women, while the


tears of the daughters of Israel, thrust aside to make way for


malachite is found in greater or less quantity in most


copper-mines, the finer varieties useful for ornamental purposes


Pollard, K.S., Salama, S.R., King, B., et al., 2006a. Forces shaping the fastest evolving regions in the human genome.


Nielsen, R., 2005. Molecular signatures of natural selection.


Rockman, M.V., Hahn, M.W., Soranzo, N., et al., 2005. Ancient and recent positive selection transformed opioid cis-regulation in humans.


Kim, Y., Stephan, W., 2002. Detecting a local signature of genetic hitchhiking along a recombining chromosome.


Lockless, S.W., Ranganathan, R., 1999. Evolutionarily conserved pathways of energetic connectivity in protein families.


Knudsen, B., Miyamoto, M.M., Laipis, P.J., Silverman, D.N., 2003. Using evolutionary rates to investigate protein functional divergence and conservation:


Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (25), 14512-14517.


Among those educated at the grammar school were Thomas De Quincey, Harrison Ainsworth and Samuel Bamford the Radical.


There is also an adult deaf and dumb institution, containing a news-room, lecture hall, chapel, &c., for the use of deaf mutes.


The style is a mixture of Early English and Decorative, and a large amount of decorative art has been expended on the building.


Manchester University consists of one college-Owens College-in its greatly enlarged form.


Monuments. In Piccadilly are bronze statues of Wellington, Watt, Dalton, Peel and Queen Victoria.


He is out of contract in the summer of 2020 but if he does not sign a new deal by the end of the current season, Spurs might be forced to listen to offers in order to get true value for the Denmark international.


The FA Cup third round means there are no points up for grabs this weekend but for fantasy managers looking to get their transfer business done early for game week 22, here are three picks worth considering.


Since then he has been in and out of a City side that has stuttered in previously unthinkable fashion.


In that business there are different parties that are involved, then it is about to negotiate, to talk, and see what the different parties want.


Norwood, 28, is out of contract this summer and his chairman Mark Palios, the former FA chief executive, has already said he doesn't want to lose his main striker in the January window.


It will be fantastic if Christian is going to be committed with the club for [the] long term, and if not it's his right to do what he wants to do.


Tottenham have no real weaknesses and they give very little away," said Norwood.


As a striker you have to admire what he has achieved.


James Norwood still favours pink boots, having made his debut wearing them GETTY


The Treasury revealed that 20 of the 42 applicants for the FPC roles were women, with five women and three men reaching the shortlist stage.


The Norwegian energy firm DNO has warned takeover target Faroe Petroleum that it will not give up its pursuit of the North Sea oil producer.


The Treasury also announced that Banking Standards Board chairwoman Dame Colette Bowe will join the FPC as it boosts the ranks of senior women on the committee.


In doing so, chairman Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani said: "DNO is not going away.


It opened its first UK branch in 2012 to target wealthy Gulf clients in Europe.


The principle behind Islamic finance is not to make money from money.


TROKES. Square pieces of wood at the tops of masts to put the flag-staffs in.


TROLL-MADAM. A game borrowed from the French


TRIVET. Right as a trivet, perfectly right.


He is a dandy, a preening bon viveur, in love with his own voice.


They are so madly in love that it is inevitable that fate (or Fogelman) will play a few tricks on them.


The film touches again and again on the misery in its protagonists' lives but never steps too far into the darkness.


Life is the "ultimate unreliable narrator".


The group has signed off on an animated superhero movie based on their alter egos, but it has yet to be picked up by a broadcaster or distributor.


The two leading religions within Germany are the Evangelical (Lutheran) and the Roman Catholic, including respectively 58 and 39% of the population.


LUTHER LEAGUE, a religious association for young people in the United States of America.


In all of them the king is recognized to be the summus episcopus or supreme authority in all ecclesiastical matters, but in Norway and Sweden his power is somewhat limited by that of parliament.


LUTSK (Polish, Luck), a town of southern Russia, in the government of Volhynia, on the Styr, 51 m. by rail N.W. of Kovel.


According to the constitution its objects are "to encourage the formation of the young people's societies in all Lutheran congregations in America, to urge their affiliation with their respective state or territorial leagues, and with this league to stimulate the various young people's societies to greater Christian activity and to foster the spirit of loyalty to the church.


The Luther state offers the parish a selection from six names and then appoints the one chosen.


The state makes an annual provision for the stipends of the clergy, for the maintenance of fabrics and for other ecclesiastical needs.


papal emissary to the Council of Basel in 1435.


The Estoire has not much literary merit, but it is a valuable historical source.


Amboise, Jacques (Joseph) d': see d'Amboise, Jacques (Joseph).


In 1901 the American Bridge Company purchased 2,500 ac (1,012 ha) and established a town.


The hard and knotty Ambon wood, of great value for ornamental wood-work, is obtained from Ceram.


He served a prime role at the Council of Ferrara-Florence when, in 1438, as papal representative, he received at the council the Byzantine emperor John VIII and Patriarch Joseph of Constantinople.


The town has many houses and structures of stone and wide, often tree-lined, streets;


Amborellaceae, family of flowering plants in the order Laurales.


The capability of wind to transport organisms is well known, but the extent and the scale of such transportation is only now be coming clear.


Consequently, parasites have developed remarkable specializations to the life history characteristics of the host that enable the parasite to disperse at the most favourable time.


Marine invertebrates are carried from West Africa to South and Central America on the main equatorial current of the Atlantic.


There are exceptions to the statement that larval insects disperse little, which introduces a fourth kind of poly-morphism, termed behavioural polymorphism.


But, she says, she welcomes the conversation.


Growing up, Gough "didn't have any interest in screen, because I thought: 'There doesn't seem to be anything that deep going on.'


She worked on as little as two hours of sleep a night.


Yet Angels in America was "a lonely thing, horrible.


I think people would worry about me saying I hated it, but I don't care."


Early on in the film, we hear her characterised as "a witch", an "evil-doer" and "anti-American zombie".


An unfortunate accident has detained Sir Salar Jung at Paris beyond


They disliked fighting Tippoo, and we made them fight Tippoo.


General Hill, who, as having commanded the Hyderabad Contingent, is


that purpose made such rapid progress nnder British rule that the revenue


memory and traditions of a few when, in 1853, Sir Salar Jung was called


Where discordance generally seems to lie is in the failure of uranium-bearing minerals to be closed systems.


At the present time, its application to the mineral magnetite seems reliable, provided that acid leaching first removes surficial material not held within the tight magnetite lattice.


For example, the detection of eight trillion calcium-40 atoms in a sample implies the presence of one trillion argon-40 atoms and therefore the decay of nine trillion potassium-40 atoms over the life of the sample.


Specifically, search is made for potassium-bearing minerals associated with uraninite specimens that have shown concordant uranium-thorium-lead ages.


Belgorod, city and administrative centre of Belgorod oblast (region), western Russian


Disputes arising from ill-defined frontiers between the Ukraine and the Ottoman-dominated Crimean Tatars provided the pretext in


It maintained its military and administrative significance until the late 18th century.


The text article contains a summary of Belgrade's 2,000-year history and a description of


This collection of nearly 40 fragile paintings, bequeathed to the gallery by the collector Henry Vaughan a century ago, only goes on show when the dim winter light poses minimal threat to them.


Images by the American photographer from the Artist Rooms collection, one of the best holdings of his work in the world.


This free exhibition brings together a selection of his Manchester photographs, ranging from black-and-white images of June Street, in Salford, in 1972 and Yates Wine Lodges in 1982-3, to colour photos of people shopping in 1986 and 2008.


Lynn Nottage, a master detailer of the lives of the dispossessed, won her second Pulitzer Prize for this play, which, by turns profound, terrifying, earthy and witty, details the decline of a Pennsylvania town that was once a proud manufacturing hub.


Under the magic realism banner, used by the artist and critic Franz Roh in 1925 to describe a shift from the art of the Expressionist era towards cold veracity and unsettling


In 1090 Count Roger the Norman (son of Tancred de Hauteville), then master of Sicily, came to Malta with a small retinue; the Arab garrison was unable to offer effective opposition, and the Maltese were willing and able to welcome the Normans as deliverers and to hold the island after the immediate withdrawal of Count Roger.


Dissatisfaction arose under Aragonese rule from the periodical grants of Malta, as a marquisate or countship, to great officers of state or illegitimate descendants of the sovereign.


The Maltese joined the Spaniards in a disastrous raid against Gerbi on the African coast in 1432.


The Phoenician temple of Juno, which stood on the site of Fort St Angelo, is also mentioned by Valerius Maximus.


In 1551 ravaged Gozo, after an unsuccessful attempt on Malta, repulsed by cavalry under Upton, an English knight.


The Grand Master de l'Isle Adam, on entering the ancient capital of Notabile, swore for himself and his successors to maintain the rights and liberties of the Maltese.


Malta, as regards local affairs, was administered by a Università or municipal commonwealth with wide and indefinite powers, including the election of its officers, Capitan di Verga, Jurats, &c.


They contain clear indication of the interment of martyrs.


On the final division of the Roman dominions in A. D. 395 Malta was assigned to the empire of Constantinople.


Publius was "chief of the island" when St Paul was shipwrecked


and is said to have become the first Christian bishop of Malta.


The Purchasing Managers' Index in December came in at 52.8, down from 53.4 in November and the weakest since September.


Infrastructure services firm Costain notched a record order book for 2018 as it hailed "another year of progress".


Construction accounts for about 6 per cent of UK GDP.


The prices of tobacco products and sugary drinks in Qatar have gone up considerably after new taxes came in at the start of the year.


These esoteric instruments tradable permits to emit carbon dioxide have soared by 200 per cent in a year, a gain that is causing hand-wringing, nail-biting and even panic in businesses that consume a lot of energy.


Businesses purchase a set number of allowances to emit CO2 every year; if they reduce their emissions, they can sell the allowances on the ETS.


British steel-makers are up in arms; industry lobbyist UK Steel reckons its members pay power prices up to double those paid by French and German competitors.


Here, then, was an undoubted proof of the loyalty of the Nizam's


contact with us-that is to say, in 1747-been friendly to the British power in India


treaty of 1800 drew the tie still closer; for by it the British Government


guaranteed absolutely the integrity of the Nizam's dominions against all


portion of his territories-one-third, indeed, of the whole-the revenue to


be derived therefrom to be devoted to the maintenance of a subsidiary


force, which was fixed at 8000 infantry and 1000 cavalry, with the


He'd been drunk the first time he'd met her, but this time he was stone-cold sober.


The dog came out of the river and shook itself, soaking everyone.


I soaked the water up with a cloth.


QUICK-DEER. Deer with young.


The deer daunteden in the delle,


Lay snug, and heard the whole debate.


Colonel Rathborne seconded the resolution, which was agreed to nem con.


Hearing of the gold discoveries in Australia, he foresaw a fall in the price in the market, and urged immediate sale.


As to forcing a gold currency upon India, he could only say its use would be quite a novelty.


He did not profess to be able to offer any suggestions on a subject upon which even experts greatly differed, but one had recently been made which seemed reasonable as likely to retard the depreciation of the rupee, and that was to assimilate it and make its circulation indiscriminate with the English florin.


But the Government hesitated and delayed for two years, and the result was the loss he had foreseen.


General Burn asked whether the Council had taken any action yet on the subject of the depreciation of silver?


He therefore had very sincere pleasure in moving his re-election.


To build a hall of any size in that part of London would require a very large sum.


General Sir George Malcolm seconded the resolution, which was agreed to nem con.


The local demand in the summer, though some of the fish named are exported during the rest of the year.


Each of the six sheadings elects three members; the towns of Castletown, Peel and Ramsey one each, and Douglas five.


These courts, called Deemsters' Courts, are held weekly, alternately at Douglas and Castletown, by the deemster for the southern division of the island, and at Ramsey and Peel by the deemster for the northern division.


When Isaac Barrow (uncle of his well-known namesake) became bishop in 1663 the condition of the Church was deplorable, but under him and his able and saintly successors, Thomas


The accident is caused by others' impatience, inattention, or loss of control.


appointments, Stuart Ackland suggests (Your View, 3 January) that patients have to make an advance credit debit card "booking", with a charge deducted for a no-show.


According to government apologists, such as Amber Rudd, preparing for a "no deal Brexit" is a sensible precaution, just like wearing a seatbelt.


I agree entirely with Ken Smith and Neil Cairns' comments about the misuse of English words.


When everyone left, the beach was spotless!


Sheila Atim, the Olivier-winning star of Bob Dylan musical 'Girl from the North Country', on her new musical


I was interested to read Alan MacDonald's good humoured take on Stoke-on Trent's location (Your View, 3 January).


I have been a moderately successful tackler of cryptic crosswords for many years, but I am finding them increasingly challenging.


In my opinion, no accidents are caused by slow drivers on motorways.


We are a cricketing nation - we "step up to the crease" surely?


I completely agree with Deborah Orr (My View, 3 January) that the imposition of repatriation costs on women escaping from


It was the practice to write on one side only of the papyrus; to write on both front and back of a roll would obviously be a clumsy and irritating method.


In practice, a large proportion of working copies and ordinary editions must have been dealt with more simply.


One such label made of papyrus has survived and is in the British Museum.


The common form of the book of the ancient world was the roll, composed of one continuous sheet of material and inscribed only on one side.


In some instances, as in the rolls found at Herculaneum, a central core of papyrus instead of a stick was thought sufficient.


To take heart, to take courage.


TAIL-ROPE. Part of a horse's harness, mentioned in MS. Coll. Jes. Oxon. 28.


TAINT. (1) A term at tilting, apparently meaning to injure a lance without breaking it.


He graduated D. ès St. in 1847; in 1852 he was appointed to the chair of geology at


The situation of the city between the mountains and the sea is attractive.


The site of the business district is level, and


His first opera Ali Pascha von Jannina appeared in 1824, but his


The treaties of 1735 and 1736, however, guaranteed their legislation, the privileges enjoyed by the three


Though the name lory has often been used for the species


of Eclectus, and some other genera related thereto, modern


The lories have been referred to a considerable number of genera,


in which occur, according to Count Salvadori, ten species of


parents were actors, and when he was nineteen the son began


and a system of subways extends from the centre of the city


French and Italian weekly papers are published in Los Angeles.


PERQUIRE. To search into. Clobery's Divine


PERNEL. The pimpernel, a flower that always


The Mashona preserved a certain national unity.


He died on the 6th of December 1734.


In 1886 an Albert medal was awarded him for his inventions, which were mostly related to the textile industries, though he occasionally diverged to other subjects, such as an air-brake for railways.


The domino (originally apparently an ecclesiastical garment) was a loose cloak with a small half-mask worn at masquerades and costume-balls by persons not otherwise dressed in character; and the word is applied also to the person wearing it.


the bridge of Jason, slain by the magic of the jealous Medea.


Crichton (krit/an), n. James ("the Admirable Crichton"),


Cofficial who makes public announcements.


OFFENSE agree in meaning a breaking of law, CRIME usually


Britian, France, Turkey, and Sardinia against Russia,


It's criminal to waste so much time.


wavy; corrugate, 2. to bend (leather) into shape.


Wright's Lyric Poetry, pp. 26, 40; Reliq. Antiq. i. 86;


For lo! the liveless Jacks lavaltoes take


LAUREAT. Crowned with laurel.


The laureatship at our universities was a degree in


Williams.-J. H. Hanson, The Lost Prince: Facts tending to


flight to Varennes, Monsieur also fled by a different route,


and in company with the comte d'Avaray-who subsequently


royal" in Paris, founded at the end of 1799 by Royer-Collard,


See E. Daudet, La Conjuration de Pichegru (Paris, 1901).


part company (with sb/sth) to go different


to give or sell sth to sb: When we


any particular dish you enjoy


2 (only before a noun) greater than usual;


of particular interest to me.


especially; more than usual or more than others: I'm


The births registered slightly exceed the deaths in number, there being a large Malay population in the Negri Sembilan among whom the proportion of women to men is fair, a condition of things not found in localities where the inhabitants are mostly Chinese immigrants.


In February of the following year a Chinese British subject was murdered at Pekan in circumstances which pointed to the responsibility of the sultan for the crime, and in October 1888 a Resident was appointed to assist the sultan in the administration of his country, that being, in the opinion of the British government, the only guarantee for the safety of the life and property of British subjects which it could accept.


The coast is for the most part a sandy beach fringed with casuarina trees and there are only a few patches of mangrove-swamp throughout its entire length.


In 1887 he consented to enter into a treaty with the governor of the Straits by which he accepted a consular agent at his court.


The state is the largest in the peninsula, its area being estimated at 15,000 sq. m.


In 1896, when the federation of all the Malayan states under British control was effected, Sungei Ujong and Jelebu were reunited to the confederation of small states from which they had so long been separated and the whole, under the old name of the Negri Sembilan, or Nine States, was placed under one Resident.


The interior of Pahang is chiefly noted for its auriferous deposits.


The congress of Vienna (1814-1815) erected Luxemburg into a grand-duchy,


Under the Romans the district was included in the province of Belgica prima, afterwards forming part of the Frankish


Again in the next campaign he covered the king's siege of Namur, and


The treaty of London, signed on the 11th of May 1867, decided that the Prussian garrison must be


The gendarmerie consists of about 150 men.


By modifications of the treaty of Vienna the garrisoning of the fortress of Luxemburg had passed into Prussian hands,


At the same time the great powers guaranteed the neutrality of the grand-duchy, and although a member of the German


He left four sons, the youngest of whom was a marshal of France as Maréchal


The people are nearly all Catholics.


In his last moments he was attended by the famous Jesuit priest Bourdaloue, who said on his death, "I have not lived his


At the higher end sit pocket-sprung mattresses.


Available in standard UK single (90cm x 190cm), double (135cm x 190cm), king (150cm x 200cm),


If your mattress requires flipping and rotating then make


Some memory foam mattress suppliers offer foam toppers to provide an additional layer.


My advice? Seek out a mattress that makes you feel like Sleeping Beauty. Rebecca Armstrong


Ensuring your mattress is doing its job is the first step to the best


What types of mattress are there?


Back sleepers need support for their lower spine to prevent too


More expensive designs will have up to 3,000 individual coils


Those alicyclic compounds in which the ring contains three, four, or five carbon atoms are less stable than the compounds having larger rings, because the angles formed by adjacent covalent bonds are smaller than is necessary for maximum effectiveness.


It involves the use of a variety of techniques all designed to "distance" the audience from the play and to jolt it into realizing that it is watching a the-atrical performance; thus, the audience's de gree of emotional identification with charac ters and events is strictly controlled, and it can more objectively and clearly perceive the "real" world reflected in the drama.


In the larger rings all the bond angles have the preferred value (about 109.5°); consequently, the atoms in the ring do not lie in one plane.


This treaty reaty may in time serve as a model to raise the so-called minimum standards in the treatment of aliens.


alien, in national and international law, a foreign-born resident who is not a citizen by virtue of parentage or naturalization and who is still a citizen or subject of another country.


Two additional hormones, glucagon from the pancreas and secretin from the duodenal mucosa, exert some inhibitory effects on gastric secretion.


Gastric emptying time is determined by the rate of the antral pumping contractions (three per minute) and the volume of material emptied into the duodenum by each antral contraction.


Thus, as food enters the duodenum from the stomach, enterogastrone acts as a brake on both gastric emptying and gastric secretion.


Digestion of fats. Little if any digestion of fats normally occurs in the human stomach.


Gastrin then stimulates parietal cells to secrete large amounts of hydrochloric acid.


The small intestine is the principal digestive organ of the human alimentary canal.


Water moves freely from the gastric contents across the gastric mucosa into the blood.


of the multitude at home unless his name happens to be associated with some


Imperial measure, in which case he is seldom favourably mentioned.


As long as he is engaged in the Government of some Native State, improving


its condition, directing its internal economy, and regulating its finances, he


is only known to the Indian Government and its servants, and he is generally


But from the time that Poorneah won the


moment, the Native States of Hindostan have rarely failed to produce


It is likely to leave an indelible mark on the


history of the relations between England and India.


been undertaken Sir Salar Jung would, in all probability, have come to


England; but he would have appeared among us in different, and, in all


been, and remarkable as his career has been, there are many thousands


who ask, "Who is Sir Salar Jung?,, And there are many thousands who


hear that there were still Native States in India with Courts, Ministers, and


cated classes, who would be puzzled to give a very definite account of the


Deccan, or to describe the territories of the Nizam, and the nature and


relations of the State and its ruler with the British Government.


Deccan been involved in the troubles of 1857-8, as Gwalior and Indore


were, we should, no doubt, have been acquainted with the particulars, but


nately, did not need to be written in characters of blood.


extends over nearly 100,000 square miles, and is peopled by 10,000,000


The soil is generally good and produces cotton in abundance.


budra, and Godavery drain the vast plateau which forms the bulk of the


in 1747, which were generally maintained in the wars with the French and


ed the ascendancy of his councils and influence at Hyderabad, the troops


against Tippoo in 1791, and in the struggle with the Mahrattas, and the


Dowlah, who had just been forced by Lord Dalhousie to assign to the


of debts alleged to be due for the pay of the Contingent which was kept


There was no money in the Treasury the system of taxation was


did not interfere in the internal affairs of the State with a view to their


Armed bands, miscalled soldiery, carried terror and dismay through the


ries and Rohillas, ever ready for mischief, paralyzed, the arm of law and


began his work by refusing to draw more than half the salary of his office,


while he was engaged in this Herculean task there came upon him a trial,


He was a Mahomedan, and he served a Mahomedan State.


The Mutiny and Rebellion had spread over India,


he telegraphed to the Resident at Hyderabad-" If the Nizam goes all is


over to punishment the rioters who attacked the Residency, and inspired


ordered the Hyderabad Contingent to join the British forces, with whom


tell A and B apart → APART


template /'templert/ noun [C] 1 a shape cut out of


tenant farmers (= ones who do not own their own


tenant/'tenənt/ noun [C] a person who pays money


tenacity/tə'næsəti/


tell the time to read the time from a clock or watch


take sb's temperature (HEALTH) to measure the


to do sth, even if it is wrong: His dream of riches had


temptation 2 [C] a thing that


temporarily /'temprərəli/adv.


temperament /'temprəmənt/ noun [C,U] a


My brother tends to talk a lot when he's nervous.


In Ireland the ordinary law was suspended in 1798-1801


and it is in this sense that the term is generally used; i.e. the


the right of issuing commissions in war and rebellion."


There has been much discussion as to whether, in districts


Curran, his counsel, applied to the king's


See European Recovery Program.


U.S. political leader and publisher: Speaker of


a marriage for some advantage


Dutch prelate: bishop of Tours 3707-397.


like fort with guns on the top. Also,


4. pertaining to or connected with the army


French national anthem, written in 1792 by Rouget de Lisle.


adj. 1. pertaining to the planet


PLOWRING. Weeping. Prompt. Parv.


(3) To pluck a rose, i. e. to go to the jakes, said


of women. Middleton, iv. 222.


For hyme that is smetyne with his awenne blode,


When kynge Richard perceved that the people by


together. West.


POARE-BLIND. Dim-sighted. The word


Unto another she dyde as moche;


LORDINGS. Sirs; masters. (A.-S.) It is often used by later writers in contempt.


That was a feyre tokenynge Of pees and of looveyng.


LORD-SIZE. The judge at the assizes.


Anoon was al that feire gederynge Lopen undir oure lordes wynge.


LOP-START. The stoat. East.


LOOZE. A pig-stye. West.


Cocke Lorel was formerly a generic title for a very great rascal.


DESERT emphasizes lack of water; it


4. a nomination, appointment, or election.


des-ha-bille (dez'a bël, -bë), n. dishabille.


3. Physiol. to eliminate the natural


2. (of military personnel) to run away from (service, duty,


4. to form or conceive in the mind; contrive; plan.


or acquired reactivity or sensitivity of (an animal, organ,


TUFT-HUNTER. A hanger-on to noblemen and persons of quality.


To truss up, to tuck up the gown, &c.


Cook, B.D., Pringle, C.M., Hughes, J.M., 2008. Molecular evidence for sequential colonization and taxon cycling in freshwater decapod shrimps on a Caribbean island.


Kueffer, C., Daehler, C.C., Torres-Santana, C.W., et al., 2010. A global comparison of plant invasions on oceanic islands.


Fine, P.V.A., Ree, R.H., 2006. Evidence for a time-integrated species-area effect on the latitudinal gradient in tree diversity.


PERTE. (1) Το part. Still in use.


PERTELOTE. The name of a hen.


Ryght as the pertryche is constreyned undir the


God that sittis in Trinité,


MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 47.


PERUSE. To examine, or survey.


Before the towre undur a perye.


MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 114.


to the helmet. "A pesane and a paunsone,"


somely before and upon his haunches, and av


MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 132.


PESEN. Peas. This is the common early form


Shut the gate after you, I'll tell you the reason,


Ben Jonson has made the same words rhyme


Then acute sorrell, and sweet three-leav'd grasse,


His banket sometimes is greene beanes and peason,


Taylor's Workes, 1630, 1.97.


PESIBLE. Peaceable. (A.-Ν.)


PESON. An instrument in the form of a staff,


fore scales were employed.


field peas boiled in the shells. Yorksh.


PESTERED. Crowded. Peele, ii. 235.


PESTLE. (1) A leg of an animal, generally of a


p. 98. "Pestell of flesshe, jambon," Palsgrave.


which contains a whole gammon, and sometimes a couple


PETE. Pity. See Cov. Myst.


Dayly he propherld batayle: the enmys durst not fyghte


Lowe, how the good Lorde his owne gentill knyzte,


Thus in every thyng, Lorde, thy wille be doo!


PETEOSE. Merciful; compassionate.


But of his peteose tender moder, alasre!


Hall, B.G., 1990. Spontaneous point mutations that occur more often when advantageous than when neutral.


Hendrickson, H., Slechta, E.S., Bergthorsson, U., Andersson, D.I., Roth, J.R., 2002.


Transcription-associated mutation in Bacillus subtilis cells under stress.


Godoy, V.G., Fox, M.S., 2000. Transposon stability and a role for conjugational transfer in adaptive mutability.


Adaptive reversion of a frameshift mutation in Escherichia coli by simple base deletions in homopolymeric runs.


Mittler, J.E., Lenski, R.E., 1992. Experimental evidence for an alternative to directed mutation in the bgl operon.


Kofoid, E., Bergthorsson, U., Slechta, E.S., Roth, J.R., 2003. Formation of an F' plasmid by recombination between imperfectly repeated chromosomal Rep sequences: A closer look at an old friend (F'(128) pro lac).


SET-HEDGE. A quickset hedge. East.


Larvae of flies have no wings, show


The halteres vibrate up and down in time with the


toes, tsetse flies, houseflies, and other nuisance insects,


their food; the few exceptions have reduced mouthparts


larvae that vigorously filter micro-organisms from water;


flies feed on dung and liquid products of


or short horns because the flagellum is contracted into a


TALL-WOOD. "Tall woode, pacte wodde to make byllettes of, taillee," Palsgrave.


TAMINE. A sort of woollen cloth.


TALL-MEN. Dice so loaded as to come up with high numbers.


TANACLES. A kind of pincers, used formerly for torturing.


Bank for International Settlements, inter-national bank established at Basel, Switz., in


The legality of the bank immediately became a political issue, with strict constructionists


questioning its authorization in the Constitution.


The house maintains a mathematical advantage on all bets of about 1.4 percent, higher


Bank of Guyana, central bank of Guyana,


Liquidation of the bank was recommended at the Bretton Woods (N.H.) Conference of


The 2017 album moved 672,000 units in its first


seven days in the UK - the third-highest total in chart history and


Commercially, the boys of strummer have gone where few


one. And despite a zero-star review from NME - prompting


Ezra has been honest that, had he started out in the 80s or 90s,


singer-songwriter and how her gender subtly


That's another way in which the present crop


dates and circumstances, proved or disproved by recorded testimony.


The enhanced facilities for locomotion throughout the Peninsula, and for communication with Europe, and the more general employment of highly-enducated Indians,


Although distinctly desirous that a strong legal element should prevail,


It is the Bar that makes the Bench, and that keeps it up to the mark.


The necessity of confronting public inspection and criticism, especially that of exerts, is one of the most salutary incentives to patience, caution, and care in forming and promulgating a judgment.


Both the Vice-roy and the Secretary of State are at present induced, by a certain want of weight in their respective Councils, to rely much more on their own autocratic power than can always be prudent or safe, or good for the public interests.


That was, he held in his own hands the entire power of the Imperial Government of India.


well acquainted with the facts has stated, in his ineresting letter to the Times, that when the Resident informed Sir Salar Jung of the fall of Delhi he was told that the news had been already known three days in Hyderabad,


and if Sir Salar Jung had ever thought of seizing an opportunity to desert the English Government, he had ample means of using his earlier information for the purpose.


Roads, tanks, wells, irrigation works a good police and schools, are among the benefits he has conferred on his country; and gradually he has achieved the most difficult success of all, and has made his fellow natives see that he has been throughout in the right, and that in the pursuance of the policy which he started lie all their best hopes for the future.


He has helped us to solve the dfficult problem of how we are to treat the independent principalities of which we have lately heard so much.


Mr. Hunter records, in his Life of Lord Mayo, the anxiety which this problem caused to the new Governor-General.


He determined that from the outset of his rule he would deal with the independent princes on fixed and definite principles.


The one road to favour was to lie through good work.s What Lord Mayo wished to see done for the improvement of all Native States has been done in the amplest manner by Sir Salar Jung for the territories of the Nizam.