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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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task_categories:
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- feature-extraction
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- embeddings
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- vector-database
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- migration
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- retrieval
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- ms-marco
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- beir
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pretty_name: Embedding Migration Results
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size_categories:
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- n<1K
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---
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# Embedding Migration Results
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Experimental results from testing whether vector databases can be migrated to new embedding models **without re-embedding the entire corpus**.
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## Overview
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We embedded ~1M MS MARCO passages with 6 embedding models across 3 dimensionalities (768, 1024, 2560), trained linear translators between every pair of embedding spaces, and measured recall@10 ratio (translated / native ceiling).
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## Models
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| Model | Dim | Prefix |
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|---|---|---|
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| intfloat/e5-base-v2 | 768 | query/passage |
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| BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 | 768 | query only |
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| Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5 | 768 | none |
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| nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5 | 768 | search_query/search_document |
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| Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B | 1024 | instruction format |
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| Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-4B | 2560 | instruction format |
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## Files
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| File | Evaluations | Description |
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|---|---|---|
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| `msmarco_procrustes.json` | 30 | Orthogonal Procrustes / least-squares on MS MARCO 1M |
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| `msmarco_ridge.json` | 30 | Ridge regression on MS MARCO 1M |
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| `beir_scifact_procrustes.json` | 30 | Procrustes/LS evaluated on BEIR SciFact |
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| `beir_scifact_ridge.json` | 30 | Ridge evaluated on BEIR SciFact |
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| `beir_fiqa_procrustes.json` | 30 | Procrustes/LS evaluated on BEIR FiQA |
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| `beir_fiqa_ridge.json` | 30 | Ridge evaluated on BEIR FiQA |
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| `beir_nfcorpus_procrustes.json` | 30 | Procrustes/LS evaluated on BEIR NFCorpus |
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| `beir_nfcorpus_ridge.json` | 30 | Ridge evaluated on BEIR NFCorpus |
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| `fewshot_curve.json` | 84 | Few-shot learning curve (50-5000 training examples) |
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| `relative_repr.json` | 30 | Relative representations baseline (Moschella et al. 2023) |
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**Total: 354 evaluations**
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## Key Results
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- **50 paired examples** is enough for 95%+ native performance on compatible model pairs
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- **Prefix mismatch** (not dimension mismatch) is the dominant failure mode
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- **Ridge regression** rescues prefix-mismatched pairs (E5→GTE: 0.090 → 0.814)
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- **Cross-domain generalization** holds for same-family pairs, degrades 10-30% for mismatched pairs
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- **Relative representations** fail at retrieval scale (negative result)
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## Schema
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Each JSON file contains an array of evaluation records. Common fields:
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```json
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{
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"source": "model/name",
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"target": "model/name",
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"method": "procrustes|ridge|relative_repr",
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"src_dim": 768,
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"tgt_dim": 768,
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"recall@10_translated": 0.862,
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"recall@10_native_target": 0.885,
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"ratio": 0.974,
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"train_size": 5000
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}
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```
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## Citation
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If you use these results, please link to the GitHub repository.
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## License
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MIT
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