#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Visualize one rotating-cube sample as an mp4.

Reads a DECOMPOSED OpenFOAM case directly (no reconstructPar), takes a z=0 slice,
and renders an animation of the in-plane wake. The mesh is stored once at t=0 and
the cube spins rigidly, so the inner co-rotating cylinder (r < c) is rotated by
theta = omega * t per frame to put every cell back at its physical location
(omega = 0.25 rad/s about +z, per CLAUDE.md). Velocity is stored in the absolute
frame, so scalar fields (vorticity_z, |U|, p) are correct after the point rotation.

Headless: matplotlib (Agg) renders frames, imageio-ffmpeg writes the mp4. No display,
no system ffmpeg, no ParaView needed.

    uv run python visualize_sample.py runs/Re100_psi30
    uv run python visualize_sample.py runs/Re300_psi0 --field Umag --t0 120 --t1 200 --nframes 300 --fps 30
"""
import argparse, glob, os, re, sys
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Agg")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.tri import Triangulation
import pyvista as pv
import imageio.v2 as imageio

OMEGA = 0.25            # rad/s about +z (CLAUDE.md, locked)
R_ROT = 1.0            # co-rotating cylinder radius = c
FIELDS = {
    "vorticity": ("Spanwise vorticity  $\\omega_z$", "RdBu_r", True),   # signed, symmetric
    "Umag":      ("Velocity magnitude  $|U|$",       "viridis", False),
    "p":         ("Pressure  $p$",                   "coolwarm", True),
}


def parse_case(path):
    name = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(path))
    re_m = re.search(r"Re(\d+)", name)
    psi_m = re.search(r"psi(\d+)", name)
    return name, (re_m.group(1) if re_m else "?"), (psi_m.group(1) if psi_m else "?")


def make_reader(case):
    foam = os.path.join(case, os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(case)) + ".foam")
    if not os.path.exists(foam):
        open(foam, "w").close()
    r = pv.POpenFOAMReader(foam)
    r.case_type = "decomposed"
    return r


def slice_at(reader, t, field):
    reader.set_active_time_value(float(t))
    internal = reader.read()["internalMesh"]
    if field == "vorticity":
        # gradient on the 3D volume (full neighbour support) -> clean, no O-grid imprint
        internal = internal.compute_derivative(scalars="U", vorticity=True)
    sl = internal.slice(normal="z", origin=(0, 0, 0))
    if field == "vorticity" and "vorticity" not in sl.point_data:
        sl = sl.cell_data_to_point_data()
    sl = sl.triangulate()          # ensure all cells are triangles for matplotlib
    if field == "vorticity":
        vals = np.asarray(sl.point_data["vorticity"])[:, 2]
    elif field == "Umag":
        vals = np.linalg.norm(sl.point_data["U"], axis=1)
    else:  # p
        vals = np.asarray(sl.point_data["p"]).ravel()
    sl.point_data["fld"] = vals          # stash so it survives extract_cells reindexing
    return sl, vals


def rotated_parts(sl, t):
    """Split the slice into rotating (r<R_ROT) and static (r>=R_ROT) meshes by cell
    centre, with INDEPENDENT points (extract_cells duplicates the interface ring), then
    rotate only the inner part by theta=OMEGA*t. This keeps the rigid cube spin exact
    while never bridging the AMI interface -> no torn/dragged triangles across r=1.
    Returns [(Triangulation, values), ...] to contour separately."""
    rc = np.linalg.norm(sl.cell_centers().points[:, :2], axis=1)
    th = OMEGA * t
    c, s = np.cos(th), np.sin(th)
    out = []
    for mask, rotate in ((rc < R_ROT, True), (rc >= R_ROT, False)):
        part = sl.extract_cells(mask)
        if part.n_cells == 0:
            continue
        x, y = part.points[:, 0], part.points[:, 1]
        if rotate:
            x, y = c * x - s * y, s * x + c * y
        cells = part.cells.reshape(-1, 4)      # all triangles -> [3,i,j,k]
        tris = cells[cells[:, 0] == 3][:, 1:]
        out.append((Triangulation(x, y, tris), np.asarray(part.point_data["fld"])))
    return out


def color_limits(reader, field, times, signed):
    """Robust, stable color scale sampled across a few frames."""
    sample = times[:: max(1, len(times) // 5)][:5]
    sls = [slice_at(reader, t, field) for t in sample]
    if field == "vorticity":
        # scale to the WAKE (exclude the intense cube boundary layer r<1.3); near-wall
        # vorticity then just saturates instead of washing out the shed vortices.
        vv = []
        for sl, vals in sls:
            x, y = sl.points[:, 0], sl.points[:, 1]
            vv.append(np.abs(vals[(x * x + y * y) > 1.3 ** 2]))
        m = np.percentile(np.concatenate(vv), 98)
        return -m, m
    allv = np.concatenate([v for _, v in sls])
    if signed:
        m = np.percentile(np.abs(allv), 98)
        return -m, m
    return np.percentile(allv, 2), np.percentile(allv, 98)


def main():
    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__,
                                 formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
    ap.add_argument("case", help="path to a case dir, e.g. runs/Re100_psi30")
    ap.add_argument("--field", choices=list(FIELDS), default="vorticity")
    ap.add_argument("--t0", type=float, default=100.0, help="start time* (default 100)")
    ap.add_argument("--t1", type=float, default=200.0, help="end time* (default 200)")
    ap.add_argument("--nframes", type=int, default=250)
    ap.add_argument("--fps", type=int, default=25)
    ap.add_argument("--out", default=None, help="output mp4 (default <case>_<field>.mp4)")
    args = ap.parse_args()

    if not os.path.isdir(args.case):
        sys.exit(f"no such case dir: {args.case}")
    name, Re, psi = parse_case(args.case)
    label, cmap, signed = FIELDS[args.field]
    out = args.out or f"{name}_{args.field}.mp4"

    reader = make_reader(args.case)
    tv = np.asarray(reader.time_values)
    tv = tv[(tv >= args.t0) & (tv <= args.t1)]
    if len(tv) == 0:
        sys.exit(f"no snapshots in [{args.t0}, {args.t1}]; available {reader.time_values[0]}..{reader.time_values[-1]}")
    idx = np.linspace(0, len(tv) - 1, min(args.nframes, len(tv))).round().astype(int)
    times = np.unique(tv[idx])
    print(f"{name}: Re={Re}, psi={psi}deg | {len(times)} frames over t*=[{times[0]:.2f},{times[-1]:.2f}] | field={args.field}")

    vmin, vmax = color_limits(reader, args.field, times, signed)
    print(f"color scale: [{vmin:.3g}, {vmax:.3g}]")

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 4.2), dpi=120)
    levels = np.linspace(vmin, vmax, 41)
    writer = imageio.get_writer(out, fps=args.fps, codec="libx264",
                                quality=8, macro_block_size=None)
    for k, t in enumerate(times):
        sl, _ = slice_at(reader, t, args.field)
        ax.clear()
        cf = None
        for tri, pv in rotated_parts(sl, t):   # rotating + static parts, no bridging
            cf = ax.tricontourf(tri, np.clip(pv, vmin, vmax), levels=levels,
                                cmap=cmap, extend="both")
        ax.set_aspect("equal"); ax.set_xlim(-2.5, 5); ax.set_ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
        ax.set_xlabel("x/c"); ax.set_ylabel("y/c")
        ax.set_title(f"{name}  (Re={Re}, $\\psi$={psi}$^\\circ$)   "
                     f"{label}   $t^*$={t:.1f}", fontsize=10)
        if k == 0:
            cb = fig.colorbar(cf, ax=ax, fraction=0.025, pad=0.02)
            cb.set_label(label)
            fig.tight_layout()
        fig.canvas.draw()
        frame = np.asarray(fig.canvas.buffer_rgba())[..., :3]
        writer.append_data(frame)
        if k % 25 == 0 or k == len(times) - 1:
            print(f"  frame {k+1}/{len(times)}  t*={t:.1f}", flush=True)
    writer.close()
    print(f"wrote {out}  ({len(times)} frames @ {args.fps} fps)")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()